,TOTAL ,LIB]ATION 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,ANONYM\S 

,SECTIONS 7,T,O,C7 3 
     

O ,9TRODUCTION 

      #fdb ,WORDS2 #c1#h#c ,*>ACT]S     

O ,*APT] #a 3 ,! #b#a/ C5TURY CONTEXT 

      #c1#f#b#g ,WORDS2 #b#d1#b#f ,*>ACT]S     

O ,*APT] #b 3 ,! GRE5+ ( REVOLUTION 

      #c1#e#b#e ,WORDS2 #b#b1#b#e#b ,*>ACT]S     

O ,*APT] #c 3 ,ONE /RUGGLE1 ONE FI<T 

      #f1#a#g#e ,WORDS2 #c#i1#g#b ,*>ACT]S     

O ,*APT] #d 3 ,PUTT+ 9TO PRACTICE 

      #d1#g#d#a ,WORDS2 #c1#d#g ,*>ACT]S     

O ,*APT] #e 3 ,! 9SURRECTIONAL PA? 

      #f1#c#e#f ,WORDS2 #d1#d#b#f ,*>ACT]S     

O ,*APT] #f 3 ,AUTONOM\S ZONES 

      #c1#a#g#d ,WORDS2 #a#i1#h#c#d ,*>ACT]S     

O ,*APT] #g 3 ,PU%+ ! ,B\ND>IES 

      #c1#h#f#g ,WORDS2 #b#d1#e#h ,*>ACT]S     

O ,*APT] #h 3 ,CONFRONT+ ! FUTURE 

      #f1#c#i#i ,WORDS2 #d1#e#b#a ,*>ACT]S     

O ,BIBLIOGRAPHY 

      #eef ,WORDS2 #e1#a#h#c ,*>ACT]S 

,SECTIONS 7,CONT5T7 3 

O ,9TRODUCTION 

,?+S HAVE NEV] BE5 SP9N+ SO DECISIVELY \T ( CONTROL4 ,NOT ONCE 9 ! HI/ORY ( HUMANITY1 NOR EV5 9 ?AT ( LIFE 9 G5]AL4 ,EXTREME WEA!R IS NO LONG] AN ABNORMALITY2 ! FI% >E DISAPPE>+ FROM ! OCEANS2 ! ?REAT ( NUCLE> HOLOCAU/ IS BACK4 ,POV]TY 5SN>ES US AS MU* AS EV]1 :IL/ ! BODIES PILE UP AT ! BORD]S4 ,TO SAY ?IS ORD] IS *OK+ US IS N[ADAYS MORE ?AN A METAPHOR3 9 MO/ CITIES1 Y\ CAN NO LONG] EV5 BREA! ! AIR4 ,:I* IS TO SAY1 9 %ORT1 ?AT ! V]Y ATMOSPH]E ( ! EXI/5T HAS BECOME TOXIC4 ,)9 ! CONF9ES ( ! SY/EM1 !RE'S NO:]E LEFT TO GO4 ,BUT ?AT ISN'T TO SAY SU* CONF9ES >E 9ESCAPEABLE - NOT 9 ! SLI<TE/4 ,A MILLION ROOTS ( 9QUIRY1 EA* ONE AS UNIQUE AS Y\ C\LD IMAG9E1 BEG9 TO CONV]GE ON EXACTLY ! SAME CONCLUSION3 ! NE$ = REVOLUTION HAS NEV] BE5 SO PRESS+4 

,P]HAPS IT'S A LITTLE PR$ICTABLE TO PO9T \T ! HOPELESSNESS ( ?IS WORLD - ALMO/ EV]YONE KN[S4 ,:AT'S MORE REM>KABLE IS ?AT1 EV5 9 SPITE ( IT1 NORMALITY SOMEH[ F9DS ! /R5G? TO GR9D ON4 ,! DEF5DANTS ( ! EXI/5T HOLD DE> TO !IR CLAIM ?AT1 = ALL ITS OBVI\S FLAWS1 LIB]AL DEMOCRACY REMA9S ! LEA/ BAD =M ( HUMAN COMMUNITY CURR5TLY AVAILABLE4 ,:I* IS SU* A MEAG] JU/IFICATION1 & YET IT T5DS TO WORK4 ,EV5 AV[$ REBELS1 SO CONV9C$ !Y'RE \TRUNN+ ?IS SACR$ ASSUMPTION1 M]ELY RE9TRODUCE IT 9 ANO!R =M - ! LATE/ LEFTI/ POLITICAL P>TY1 OR EV5 SOME GRIM FASCI/ RESURG5CE4 ,& H[ SUCCESSFUL HAVE WE REVOLUTION>IES BE5 9 DEMON/RAT+ :I* WORLDS LIE BEYOND ALL ?IS8 ,SU* IS ! BASIC T5SION BLOCK+ \R ADVANCE3 EV5 ?\< ! NE$ = REVOLUTION HAS NEV] BE5 SO CLE>1 \R IDEA ( :AT ONE W\LD EV5 LOOK LIKE HAS R>ELY SEEM$ SO DI/ANT4 

,H[ DO WE R+ 9 ! SY/EM'S DEA? KNELL A LITTLE SOON]1 :IL/ !RE'S /ILL SO MU* TO FI<T =8 ,H[ DO WE JUMP %IP & LIVE \R LIVES \TSIDE ?IS 9CREAS+LY UN9HABITABLE MESS8 ,9DE$1 H[ DO WE UNLE>N ! MY?S ( ?IS ORD] ( MIS]Y ALTOGE!R1 & REALLY BEG9 LIV+ 9 ! FIR/ PLACE8 

,( C\RSE1 IT ISN'T LIKE !SE QUE/IONS >E BE+ ASK$ = ! FIR/ TIME4 ,ALL TOO (T51 ?\<1 CALLS = *ANGE >E MET ) E*OES FROM A DI/ANT C5TURY1 AS IF M]E RESURRECTIONS ( ONCE DOM9ANT ME?ODS - BE !Y ,M>XI/ OR AN>*O-SYNDICALI/ - >E EV5 CLOSE TO APPLICABLE N[ADAYS4 ,NO LONG] CAN WE TALK AB\T OPPRESSION MA9LY 9 T]MS ( SOME TECTONIC CLA% BETWE5 TWO ECONOMIC CLASSES1 ! PROLET>IAT & ! B\RGEOISIE4 ,NOR CAN WE BE TOO SURE ( LIMIT+ ! SCOPE ( REVOLUTION>Y /RUGGLE TO HUMAN LIB]ATION1 DISMISS+ \T ( H& ! PLI<T ( O!R ANIMALS1 NOT TO M5TION ! PLANET WE CALL HOME ALTOGE!R4 ,AT SU* A DECISIVE HI/ORICAL JUNCTURE1 IT'S NECESS>Y TO CALL EV]Y?+ 9TO QUE/ION3 ! TIMES CRY \T = NEW VISIONS1 NEW /RATEGIES4 ,ONES ) A FI<T+ *ANCE ( =G+ BEYOND ! CURR5T IMPASSE4 

,WE DON'T NE$ ANY MORE REM9D]S ?AT ?IS CIVILIZATION IS HEAD+ = ! ABYSS4 ,:AT WE S]I\SLY NE$ TO ASK IS :AT WE'RE GO+ TO DO AB\T IT4 ,!RE'S A GREAT DEAL ( POT5TIAL TO ! CURR5T SOCIAL CONTEXT1 ONE 9 :I* ! /ATUS QUO =FEITS ITS TITLE AS ! MO/ REALI/IC OPTION4 ,BUT M]E POT5TIAL ISN'T 5\<4 ,MA9/REAM POLITICS CAN H>DLY BE EXPECT$ TO COLLAPSE UND] ITS [N WEI<T1 EXCEPT 9TO SOME?+ MORE MON/R\S ?AN :AT WE ALREADY KN[4 ,ONLY 9 COMB9ATION ) CONCRETE1 ACCESSIBLE MEANS ( DES]T+ IT ALL DO NEW =MS ( LIFE BEG9 TO TAKE %APE4 

,?IS ONE GOES \T TO ! REVOLUTION>IES1 :]EV] !Y'RE TO BE F\ND4 

O ,*APT] #a 3 ,! #b#a/ C5TURY CONTEXT 
#a3 ,! #b#a/ C5TURY CONTEXT 

,FROM CLASS /RUGGLE TO ID5TITY POLITICS 

,IT'S NOT ?AT WE'VE =GOTT5 ! MEAN+ ( REVOLUTION2 ON ! CONTR>Y1 IT'S ! REFUSAL TO LET GO ( ! OLD MEAN+ ?AT'S HOLD+ US BACK4 ,) EV]Y PASS+ MOM5T1 ! /ATE ( ! WORLD *ANGES IRREV]SIBLY4 ,P]SPECTIVES ?AT ONCE COMM&$ UTMO/ D$ICATION BEG9 TO /AGNATE1 LOS+ T\* ) ! TIDES ( A REALITY ?AT SWIRLS 9 CON/ANT MOTION4 ,EV5 ! BRI<TE/ IDEAS >E B\ND TO ACCUMULATE DU/4 ,& SO TOO ?OSE (F]$ 9 RESPONSE4 

,TO ?IS DAY1 MO/ DREAMS ( REVOLUTION COME GR\ND$ 9 SOME V>IANT ( ,M>XIAN ANALYSIS4 ,ON ?IS ACC\NT1 CLASS IS ! C5TRAL PR9CIPLE1 BO? = UND]/&+ OPPRESSION AS WELL AS RESI/+ IT4 ,HI/ORY IS TAK5 TO CONSI/ PRIM>ILY 9 ! DRAMA ( CLASS /RUGGLE2 DIFF]5T HI/ORICAL PHASES1 MEAN:ILE1 >E DEF9$ BY ! MODE ( PRODUCTION ?AT SETS ! /AGE4 ,! CURR5T PHASE IS CAPITALISM1 9 :I* ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION - FACTORIES1 NATURAL RES\RCES1 & SO ON - >E [N$ BY ! RUL+ CLASS 7! B\RGEOISIE7 & WORK$ = WAGES BY ! WORK+ CLASS 7! PROLET>IAT74 ,ALMO/ EV]YONE 9 CAPITALI/ SOCIETY IS SPLIT FUNDAM5TALLY BETWE5 ONE ( !SE TWO MOL> HEAPS - BOSSES OR WORK]S1 EXPLOIT]S OR EXPLOIT$4 ,:IL/ ! BASIC SOLUTION1 AS ,M>XI/S & AN>*O-SYNDICALI/S TRADITIONALLY SEE IT1 IS ! APPLICATION ( WORKPLACE ORGANIZATION T[>DS ! REVOLUTION>Y DE/RUCTION ( CLASS-DIVID$ SOCIETY4 ,9 CONCRETE T]MS1 ?AT MEANS ! PROLET>IAT RIS+ UP & SEIZ+ ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION1 REPLAC+ CAPITALISM ) ! F9AL PHASE ( HI/ORY3 COMMUNISM - A CLASSLESS1 /ATELESS1 MONEYLESS SOCIETY4 

,HAV+ RIS5 TO PR$OM9ANCE 9 ! ,WE/ >\ND ! 5D ( ! #a#i? C5TURY1 ?IS CURR5T ( REVOLUTION>Y /RUGGLE APPROA*$ ITS CLIMAX T[>DS ! BEG9N+ ( ! #b?4 ,AT ?IS PO9T1 ! MUT9IES ?AT CLOS$ D[N ! ,FIR/ ,WORLD ,W> AVALAN*$ 9TO A WAVE ( PROLET>IAN UPRIS+S ?AT %OOK ,EUROPE TO ITS CORE4 ,BEG9N+ ) ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION1 #a#i#a#g1 ! REV]B]ATIONS SOON CATALYZ$ MAJOR 9SURRECTIONS 9 ,G]MANY1 ,HUNG>Y1 & ,ITALY4 ,TWO DECADES LAT]1 ?IS UNMAT*$ P]IOD ( HEI<T5$ CLASS /RUGGLE CULM9AT$ 9 ! #aicf ,SPANI% ,REVOLUTION1 >GUABLY ! S+LE GREATE/ FEAT ( WORK]S' SELF-ORGANIZATION 9 HI/ORY4 ,C5T]$ 9 ,CATALONIA1 MILLIONS ( WORK]S & PEASANTS PUT ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION UND] DIRECTLY DEMOCRATIC CONTROL1 ESPECIALLY 9 ,B>CELONA - AMONG ! MO/ 9DU/RIALLY DEVELOP$ CITIES 9 ! WORLD4 ,YET ! GLORY DAYS ( ! REVOLUTION>Y PROLET>IAT W]E 9 MANY WAYS ALSO ITS LA/ /&2 9 ,ITALY & ,G]MANY1 ! FASCI/ REGIMES ( ,MUSSOL9I & ,HITL] ALREADY REIGN$ SUPREME4 ,9 ! ,SOVIET ,UNION1 MEAN:ILE1 ! 9ITIAL PROMISE ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION HAD LONG S9CE DEG5]AT$ 9TO ,BOL%EVISM1 DIV]T+ MO/ ( ! 5]GY ASSOCIAT$ ) SOCIALISM T[>DS AU?ORIT>IAN 5DS4 ,APP>5TLY BO? FASCISM & ,BOL%EVISM SUCCE$$ 9 ANNIHILAT+ ! POSSIBILITY ( WORK]S' CONTROL ALL ! MORE EFFECTIVELY BY SIMULTANE\SLY VALORIZ+ IT4 ,NEV] AGA9 W\LD ORGANIZ$ LABOR COME CLOSE TO REGA9+ ITS =M] REVOLUTION>Y POT5TIAL4 

,:AT FOLL[$ WAS A P]IOD ( RELATIVE SLUMB] AMONG ! SOCIAL MOVEM5TS ( ! ,WE/4 ,?IS WAS EV5TUALLY UNDONE BY A WAVE ( SOCIAL /RUGGLES ?AT BROKE \T DUR+ ! #a#i#fS1 :I* 9 MANY PLACES PUT ! PROSPECT ( REVOLUTION BACK ON ! TABLE4 ,BUT SOME?+ AB\T ?IS NEW ]A ( REVOLT WAS M>K$LY DIFF]5T3 BESIDES ITS V>I\S LABOR MOVEM5TS1 H]E WE SEE ! LIKES ( SECOND-WAVE FEM9ISM1 BLACK LIB]ATION1 & QUE] /RUGGLE BEG9 TO OCCUPY ! =EGR\ND4 ,NO LONG] WAS CLASS /RUGGLE REG>D$ AS ONE & ! SAME ) ! OV]ALL PROJECT ( HUMAN LIB]ATION4 ,& ?AT BEGAN TO PR(\NDLY UND]M9E ! NEAT OLD PICTURE Y\ GET ) ,M>XIAN CLASS ANALYSIS4 ,MAYBE !RE'S NO PRIM>Y DIVISION SPLITT+ SOCIETY ANY MORE1 NO S+LE FAULT L9E UPON :I* TO BASE ! TOTALITY ( \R RESI/ANCE8 ,! SITUATION HAS 9/EAD BE5 REVEAL$ AS MU* MESSI]1 EXCE$+ ! EXPLOITATION ( ! PROLET>IAT BY ! B\RGEOISIE1 IF NOT CAPITALISM ALTOGE!R4 

,?AT SAID1 SOME?+ VITAL Y\ /ILL GET ) ,M>XIAN ANALYSIS1 EV5 C5TURIES AFT] IT WAS FIR/ =MULAT$1 IS ITS TIMELESS EMPHASIS ON ! MAT]IAL FEATURES ( OPPRESSION4 ,AFT] ALL1 IT'S NOT AS IF ! CLASSICAL CONC]NS ( REVOLUTION>IES - 9 P>TICUL>1 ! /ATE & CAPITAL - HAVE S9CE JU/ MELT$ AWAY4 ,ONE ( ! BIGGE/ PROBLEMS ) MANY CONTEMPOR>Y SOCIAL /RUGGLES IS !IR READ9ESS TO TURN A BL9D EYE TO !SE /RUCTURES1 =GETT+ ! KEY 9SI<T WOR? SALVAG+ FROM ,M>X3 G5U9E LIB]ATION IS IMPOSSIBLE )\T SECUR+ ! MAT]IAL CONDITIONS ( AUTONOMY4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 ?\<1 CLASSICAL REVOLUTION>IES T5D TO EMPHASIZE !SE CONC]NS ONLY AT ! EXP5SE ( NEGLECT+ ?OSE :I* >E 9 A S5SE MORE PSY*OLOGICAL1 DEF9$ BY MATT]S ( ID5TITY RA!R ?AN ONE'S RELATION%IP TO PROP]TY4 ,!RE'S SOME?+ REASSUR+ 9 ?AT1 GIV5 ?AT TREAT+ CLASS AS PRIM>Y ALL[S Y\ TO TAKE ! 5TIRETY ( PROBLEMS WE FACE - SOCIAL1 POLITICAL1 ECONOMIC1 ECOLOGICAL - & COND5SE !M 9TO ONE4 ,BUT SU* AN APPROA* HAS LITTLE *ANCE ( REFLECT+ ! COMPLEXITY ( P[] 9 ! #b#a/ C5TURY1 ) ALL DIVISIONS ASIDE FROM CLASS SOON BE+ NEGLECT$4 

,TO NOTE1 !RE >E CONCEIVABLE RESPONSES H]E3 SOME HAVE MADE A PO9T ( EXT5D+ ,M>XIAN ANALYSIS BEYOND AN EXCLUSIVE FOCUS ON CLASS4 ,( ! >GUM5TS (F]$1 P]HAPS ! MO/ 9FLU5TIAL CONT5DS ?AT /RUCTURES SU* AS :ITE SUPREMACY & PATRI>*Y1 HOMOPHOBIA & TRANSPHOBIA1 >E /R5G!N$ BY ! RUL+ CLASS 9 ORD] TO DIVIDE & RULE ! WORK+ CLASS2 !RE=E1 ANY PRUD5T TAKE ON CLASS /RUGGLE MU/ TAKE C>E TO SIMULTANE\SLY OPPOSE !M ALL1 OR ELSE FAIL TO BUILD ! UNITY NECESS>Y = OV]?R[+ CAPITALISM4 ,SU* IS EXACTLY ! K9D ( DISC\RSE US$ TO GIVE ! IMPRESSION ?AT ,M>XIAN ANALYSIS IS EQUALLY CONC]N$ ) ALL OPPRESSIONS4 ,GRANT$1 ?IS APPROA* IS MORE SOPHI/ICAT$ ?AN CLAIM+ ANY DEVIATIONS FROM ! CLASS L9E >E M]E DI/RACTIONS1 AS SOME DO EV5 TODAY4 ,BUT /ILL1 Y\ %\LDN'T BE CONV9C$ TOO EASILY3 LURK+ B5EA? ! SLOGANE]+ H]E IS ! BASIC ASSUMPTION ?AT1 EV5 IF CLASS ISN'T ! ONLY =M ( OPPRESSION1 IT REMA9S ! C5TRAL ONE1 UND]P9N+ ! RELEVANCE ( ALL ! RE/4 ,O!R OPPRESSIONS >E IMPORTANT TO OPPOSE1 YET H>DLY ON !IR [N T]MS2 !IR IMPORTANCE REMA9S SECOND>Y1 PRAGMATIC1 W>RANT+ RECOGNITION ONLY 9S(> AS !Y S]VE AS A MEANS )9 ! BROAD] CLASS /RUGGLE4 ,?IS %ORTCOM+ HAS LONG S9CE BE5 A CALL = NEW =MS ( /RUGGLE TO EM]GE4 ,ONES :I* RECOGNIZE ?AT CLASS ISN'T ! ONLY OPPRESSION WOR?Y ( 9TR9SIC CONC]N4 

"9 "9 "9 

,! FAD+ ( ! ,OLD ,LEFT1 ALONG ) ITS FIXATION ) ,M>XISM & CLASS /RUGGLE1 SOON GAVE RISE TO A 0,NEW ,LEFT0 9 ,EUROPE & ,AM]ICA4 ,AMONG O!R FACTORS1 ?IS TRANSITION HAS BE5 DEF9$ BY ! GR[+ PR$OM9ANCE ( ID5TITY POLITICS OV] CLASS /RUGGLE4 ,ID5TITY POLITICS FOLL[S FROM ! PRESUM$ USEFULNESS ( COM+ TOGE!R >\ND V>I\S %>$ ID5TITIES - SAY1 BE+ BLACK1 A WOMAN1 GAY1 TRANSG5D]1 OR DISABL$ - AS A MEANS = UND]/&+ & RESI/+ OPPRESSION4 ,?IS EAG]NESS TO TREAT ALL LIB]ATION /RUGGLES AS 5DS 9 !MSELVES DID AWAY ) ! PRIMACY ( CLASS2 RA!R1 EF=TS W]E SPLIT MORE EV5LY BETWE5 DIFF]5T M9ORITY GR\PS1 ADD+ DEP? TO PREVI\SLY NEGLECT$ CONC]NS4 

,AT FIR/1 ?IS TR5D (F]$ A FAIR DEGREE ( REVOLUTION>Y POT5TIAL4 ,! ,BLACK ,PAN!R ,P>TY1 = EXAMPLE1 RECOGNIZ$ ?AT BLACK P[] WAS 9SEP>ABLE FROM A*IEV+ COMMUNITY AUTONOMY 9 FULLY TANGIBLE WAYS1 AS WAS MANIFE/ 9 A RANGE ( ACTIVITY ?AT 9CLUD$ EV]Y?+ FROM >M$ SELF-DEF5SE TO FOOD DI/RIBUTION1 DRUG REHABILITATION1 & ELD]LY C>E4 ,ALSO 9 ! ,U,S1 ! ,COMBAHEE ,RIV] ,COLLECTIVE - :O 9TRODUC$ ! MOD]N USAGE ( ! T]M 0ID5TITY POLITICS0 9 #aigg - SAW !IR [N LIB]ATION AS QUE] BLACK WOM5 M]ELY AS A S+LE COMPON5T ( A MU* L>G] /RUGGLE AGA9/ ALL OPPRESSIONS1 CLASS 9CLUD$4 ,EV5 ,M>T9 ,LU!R ,K+1 CURR5TLY A FAVORITE AMONG PACIFI/ RE=M]S1 EMPHASIZ$ NOT LONG BE=E HIS DEA? ?AT ANTI-RACISM WAS MEAN+LESS :5 SEP>AT$ FROM A BROAD] OPPOSITION TO CAPITALISM4 

,AS TIME PASS$1 H[EV]1 ID5TITY POLITICS DRIFT$ IRRETRIEVABLY FROM ITS ANTAGONI/IC ORIG9S1 EV5TUALLY COM+ TO BE ASSOCIAT$ ) ! SEP>ATION ( ISSUES ( ID5TITY FROM CLASS /RUGGLE ALTOGE!R4 ,BROADLY 9S5SITIVE TO ! MAT]IAL FEATURES ( LIB]ATION1 ! T]M N[ADAYS SUGGE/S POLITICAL 5GAGEM5T ?AT'S HEAVILY FOCUS$ >\ND MORALI/IC DISPLAYS & ! POLIC+ ( LANGUAGE - SOME?+ ?AT1 QUITE 9ADV]T5TLY1 CAN EASILY 5D UP EXCLUD+ ! RE/ ( ! POPULATION1 ESPECIALLY ?OSE LACK+ AN ACADEMIC GR\ND+4 ,ANY L>G] POLITICAL /RATEGIES1 MEAN:ILE1 >E TYPICALLY FOCUS$ NOT ON DISSOLV+ ! 9/ITUTIONS ( POLITICS1 BUS9ESS1 & LAW 5=CEM5T1 BUT 9/EAD ON MAK+ !M MORE ACCOMMODAT+ TO M>G9ALIZ$ GR\PS1 !REBY CONC$+ ! OV]ALL LEGITIMACY ( CLASS-DIVID$ SOCIETY4 ,IT'S NO CO9CID5CE ?AT ?IS RE=MI/1 ESS5TIALLY LIB]AL APPROA* TO SOCIAL TRANS=MATION ONLY TOOK (F 9 T&EM ) ?AT UNSPOK5 ASSUMPTION1 CEM5T$ S9CE ! '#hS1 REG>D+ \R *ANCES ( A REVOLUTION ACTUALLY HAPP5+ ANY MORE4 ,9 %ORT1 ID5TITY POLITICS HAS BE5 CONTA9$ )9 A FUNDAM5TAL POSITION ( COMPROMISE ) P[]1 TAK+ IT = GRANT$ ! /ATE & CAPITAL >E H]E TO /AY4 

,P]HAPS ! C5TRAL PROBLEM ) ID5TITY POLITICS TODAY IS ?AT1 HAV+ HAD ! GOOD S5SE TO AB&ON ,M>XIAN ANALYSIS1 IT LOSES ! ABILITY TO ACC\NT = :AT'S COMMON TO ! PLE?ORA ( SOCIAL PROBLEMS WE FACE4 ,IF OPPRESSIVE RELATIONS CANNOT BE R$UC$ TO CLASS1 !N :AT'S ! UND]LY+ /RUCTURE ?AT B9DS !M ALL TOGE!R8 ,! ONLY ALT]NATIVE IS TO TREAT DIFF]5T OPPRESSIONS AS DISCONNECT$ & REMOTE - PROBLEMS ?AT CAN1 9 !IR V>I\S =MS1 BE OV]COME )\T *ALL5G+ ! SY/EM AS A :OLE4 ,ID5TITY POLITICS ?US LACKS ! CONCEPTUAL BRIDGE NE$$ TO DRAW DIFF]5T SOCIAL MOVEM5TS 9TO A HOLI/IC REVOLUTION>Y /RUGGLE4 ,P>TICUL>LY 9 ITS MO/ VULG> =MS1 LIB]ATION /RUGGLES >E TREAT$ AS ISOLAT$ OR EV5 COMPETITIVE CONC]NS1 9VIT+ ! REPRODUCTION ( OPPRESSIVE RELATIONS AMONG ?OSE SUPPOS$ TO BE FI<T+ !M4 

,HAV+ SAID ?AT1 AN EXPLICIT RESPONSE TO !SE LIMITATIONS WAS (F]$ BY 9T]SECTIONALITY1 :I* BEGAN GA9+ TRACTION 9 ! '#hS4 ,! PO9T ( ?IS !ORY IS TO DEMON/RATE H[ DIFF]5T AXES ( DOM9ATION OV]LAP1 COMP\ND+ ! DISADVANTAGES RECEIV$ BY ?OSE EXPOS$ TO MORE ?AN ONE OPPRESSIVE ID5TITY4 ,BY FOCUS+ ONLY ON G5D]1 = EXAMPLE1 FEM9I/ MOVEM5TS T5D TO PRIORITIZE ! EXP]I5CES ( !IR MO/ PRIVILEG$ P>TICIPANTS - TYPICALLY :ITE1 WEAL?Y WOM54 ,9 ORD] TO UND]M9E PATRI>*Y EFFECTIVELY1 !RE=E1 FEM9ISM MU/ EMBRACE A MU* L>G] SPECTRUM ( CONC]N1 9VIT+ ! N>RATIVES ( M>G9ALIZ$ WOM5 TO ! =EFRONT4 ,A KEY VIRTUE ( 9T]SECTIONALITY HAS ?US BE5 ITS EMPHASIS ON ! 9T]CONNECT$ NATURE ( P[]1 PR$ICAT+ ! EFFECTIV5ESS ( DIFF]5T LIB]ATION /RUGGLES ON !IR ABILITY TO SUPPORT ONE ANO!R4 ,UNLIKE ) ,M>XIAN CLASS ANALYSIS1 MOREOV]1 IT DOES SO )\T POSIT+ ?AT ANY S+LE AXIS ( DOM9ATION IS SOMEH[ PRIM>Y1 :I* (F]S A VITAL CONTRIBUTION = GO+ =W>D4 

,DESPITE ITS UTILITY = REVOLUTION>IES1 H[EV]1 9T]SECTIONALITY HAS G5]ALLY FAIL$ TO AVOID CO-OPTATION BY NEOLIB]AL CAPITALISM4 ,HILL>Y ,CL9TON'S #baf PRESID5TIAL CAMPAIGN1 ) ITS NUM]\S REF]5CES TO ! LIKES ( ! 0COMB9$ EFFECTS ( 9T]SECT+ ISSUES ?AT IMPACT COMMUNITIES ( COLOR10 IS BUT ONE EXAMPLE4 ,OR ELSE LOOK AT ITS SEAMLESS APPLICATION BY ! MEGA-CORPORATIONS N[ADAYS1 TO ! EXT5T ?AT ,SONY ,PICTURES EV5 HAS ITS [N ,DIRECTOR ( ,9T]SECTIONAL ,M>KET+1 A ROLE DESIGN$ TO 5SURE ?AT 0M>KET+ CAMPAIGNS A*IEVE MAXIMUM \TREA* TO T>GET$ MULTICULTURAL & ,L,G,B,T DEMOGRAPHICS40 ,H[ HAS A SEEM+LY RADICAL !ORY BE5 DIV]T$ T[>DS BLATANT REACTION>Y 5DS8 ,A FIR/ PROBLEM ) 9T]SECTIONALITY1 AS ) ID5TITY POLITICS MORE G5]ALLY1 IS ITS AB&ONM5T ( CLASSICAL REVOLUTION>Y CONC]NS4 ,AT BE/1 CLASS IS DISCUSS$ M]ELY 9 T]MS ( 0CLASSISM10 NAMELY1 AN 9DIVIDUAL PREJUDICE ?AT CAN BE UNDONE SIMPLY BY *ANG+ OP9IONS1 RA!R ?AN ABOLI%+ CLASS-DIVID$ SOCIETY OV]ALL4 ,MEAN:ILE1 ! /ATE - A CONCRETE 9/ITUTION1 NOT AN ID5TITY CATEGORY SU* AS RACE1 G5D]1 OR CLASS - IS TYPICALLY IGNOR$ ALTOGE!R1 9EVITABLY RESULT+ 9 TOO?LESS POLITICAL PROGRAMS4 

,MOREOV]1 ?IS DI/9CT LACK ( MAT]IAL ANALYSIS LEADS TO A SECOND PROBLEM1 APP>5TLY ! 9H]5T DEFECT ( ANY TAKE ON ID5TITY POLITICS3 ! 9ABILITY TO LOCATE A COMMON ?READ TO ! CON/ITUTION ( OPPRESSION AS SU*4 ,BY SETT+ \T EV] MORE SUBCATEGORIES ( OPPRESS$ ID5TITIES - NOT JU/ BE+ A BLACK WOMAN1 = 9/ANCE1 BUT ALSO A BLACK TRANS-WOMAN1 A BLACK DISABL$ TRANS-WOMAN1 & SO ON - ! CONSEQU5CE IS AN 5DLESS PROCESS ( COMP>TM5TALIZATION4 ,?IS EMPHASIS ON COMPLEXITY C\LD EASILY BE A S\RCE ( /R5G?1 OP5+ UP MULTIPLE FRONTS ( DIFFUSE 5GAGEM5T1 9VIT+ GREAT] NUMB]S TO P>TICIPATE )\T HAV+ TO ASSUME A SECOND>Y ROLE4 ,YET BY FOCUS+ ONLY ON P>TICUL>ITIES1 ANY NOTION ( A COMMON 5EMY AGA9/ :I* TO G5]ALIZE REVOLT SOON VANI%ES4 ,ONLY :5 COMB9$ ) A BROAD]1 CONCRETELY REVOLUTION>Y VOCABUL>Y CAN 9T]SECTIONALITY BE US$ TO PROMOTE DIV]SITY RA!R ?AN FRAGM5TATION1 UND]M9+ P[] AS A TOTALITY4 

,( C\RSE1 NONE ( ! FAILURES ( ID5TITY POLITICS %\LD DETRACT FROM ! GA9S H>D-WON OV] ! YE>S4 ,EV5 IF TRANSPHOBIA CONT9UES TO LAG BEH9D1 OV]T RACISM1 SEXISM1 & HOMOPHOBIA >E R>ELY TOL]AT$ BY MA9/REAM POLITICS 9 MU* ( ! ,GLOBAL ,NOR? - SOME?+ UN?9KABLE JU/ A FEW DECADES AGO4 ,! UNCOM=TABLE FACT1 H[EV]1 IS ?AT CAPITALISM HAS BE5 QUITE HAPPY TO ADAPT TO !SE *ANGES1 TAK+ ON ?IS OR ?AT SUP]FICIAL T>NI%1 YET REMA9+ :OLLY ! SAME 9 T]MS ( ITS CORE OP]ATIONS4 ,WOM5 HAVE FL[$ 9TO ! WORK=CE1 JU/ AS ! NUCLE> FAMILY CONT9UES TO DIS9TEGRATE2 NONE!LESS1 HUMAN EXI/5CE REMA9S DOM9AT$ BY WAGE LABOR1 PROP]TY RELATIONS1 & VALUE ACCUMULATION4 ,AMID ALL ! PR(\ND HI/ORICAL %IFTS1 ! MIS]Y ( EMPLOYM5T REMA9S CON/ANT3 WORK]S 9 ,AMAZON'S W>EH\SES - AS CONTEMPOR>Y A WORKPLACE AS Y\ C\LD IMAG9E - >E SUBJECT TO 9T5SE SURVEILLANCE & CONTROL1 ) MANY TOO FE>FUL ( !IR PRODUCTIVITY QUOTAS TO EV5 USE ! BA?ROOM4 ,NO JOKE3 ONLY REC5TLY1 V>I\S COMPANIES HAVE BEGUN MICRO*IPP+ !IR WORK]S TO KEEP TRACK ( !M BETT]4 ,! OPPORTUNITY TO VOTE = A BLACK OR FEMALE HEAD ( /ATE1 OR = QUE]S TO M>RY OR JO9 ! MILIT>Y1 POSES LITTLE ?REAT TO ! OP]ATION ( BUS9ESS AS USUAL4 ,IF ANY?+1 IT ONLY /R5G!NS ! LIB]AL P>ADIGM1 ALL[+ PEOPLE TO CONV9CE !MSELVES - DESPITE ! GAP BETWE5 RI* & POOR GR[+ CONSI/5TLY WORLDWIDE1 AS WELL AS EA* NEW DAY DRAGG+ US CLOS] TO ! BR9K ( ECOLOGICAL MELTD[N - ?AT SOMEH[ ?+S >E ACTUALLY GETT+ BETT]4 ,DECADES ( ALLEG$ IDEOLOGICAL PROGRESS1 ONLY TO BE MET ) ! TURN+ ( A CIRCLE3 ! BASIC FEATURES ( AU?ORIT>IAN SOCIETY1 AT LEA/ AS /RONG AS !Y W]E A C5TURY AGO4 

,SU* IS ! IMPASSE WE'RE FAC$ )4 ,TAK5 BY ITSELF1 CLASS /RUGGLE FAILS TO ACC\NT = ! COMPLEXITY ( OPPRESSION1 ATTEMPT+ TO SUBSUME EA* ( ITS =MS 9TO ! MONOLI?IC CATEGORY ( ECONOMIC EXPLOITATION4 ,ID5TITY POLITICS1 ON ! O!R H&1 BREAKS \T ( ?IS =MULA1 YET ONLY BY AB&ON+ ANY SEMBLANCE ( A REVOLUTION>Y P]SPECTIVE4 ,RA!R ?AN COLLABORAT+ TO PRODUCE A TANGIBLE ?REAT TO ! EXI/5T1 !RE=E1 ALL ?AT CLASS /RUGGLE & ID5TITY POLITICS DID WAS SWAP !IR PROBLEMS4 ,BO? TR5DS (F] !IR [N VITAL 9SI<TS1 BUT NEI!R *>TS ! POSSIBILITY ( NEW WORLDS ALTOGE!R - NOT EV5 CLOSE4 

,! PRISM ( SOCIAL HI]>*Y 

,AMID !SE BROAD HI/ORICAL %IFTS1 ! LA/ DECADES ( /RUGGLE HAVE ALSO SE5 A CRITIQUE ( SOCIAL HI]>*Y BECOM+ 9CREAS+LY 9FLU5TIAL1 P>TICUL>LY )9 AN>*I/ CIRCLES4 ,WRIT]S LIKE ,MURRAY ,BOOK*9 DESCRIB$ HI]>*IES AS 9CLUD+ ANY SOCIAL RELATION ?AT ALL[S ONE 9DIVIDUAL OR GR\P TO WIELD P[] OV] ANO!R4 ,9 HIS WORDS3 

,BY HI]>*Y1 ,I MEAN ! CULTURAL1 TRADITIONAL & PSY*OLOGICAL SY/EMS ( OB$I5CE & COMM&1 NOT M]ELY ! ECONOMIC & POLITICAL SY/EMS TO :I* ! T]MS CLASS & ,/ATE MO/ APPROPRIATELY REF]4 ,ACCORD+LY1 HI]>*Y & DOM9ATION C\LD EASILY CONT9UE TO EXI/ 9 A 0CLASSLESS0 OR 0,/ATELESS0 SOCIETY4 7,! ,ECOLOGY ( ,FRE$OM1 #a#i#h#b7 

,:AT ,BOOK*9 (F]S H]E IS A L5S = UND]/&+ SOCIETY ?AT EXPLICITLY EXCE$S ,M>XI/ & AN>*I/ OR?ODOXIES1 ESPECIALLY ! CLASS R$UCTIONISM4 ,?IS ISN'T A MATT] ( DO+ AWAY ) ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! /ATE & CAPITAL1 GIV5 ?AT BO? 9/ITUTIONS >E AS HI]>*ICAL AS ANY4 ,RA!R1 ! PO9T IS TO RECOGNIZE ?AT ADDITIONAL HI]>*IES - ?OSE BAS$1 = EXAMPLE1 ON RELATIONS ( RACE1 G5D]1 SEXUALITY1 AGE1 ABILITY1 & SPECIES - CANNOT BE 5TIRELY CONTA9$ )9 ! N>R[ CATEGORIES EI!R ( ECONOMIC EXPLOITATION OR POLITICAL CO]CION4 ,V>I\S HI]>*IES EXI/$ BE=E ! ADV5T ( BO? CLASS & ! /ATE1 BE IT ! HI]>*Y ( M5 OV] WOM51 ! OLD OV] ! Y\NG1 OR HUMANS OV] O!R ANIMALS4 ,& !Y WILL CONT9UE TO EXI/ 9 ! FUTURE1 TOO1 EV5 )9 O/5SIBLY RADICAL CIRCLES1 UNLESS WE MAKE A CONC]T$ EF=T TO UND]M9E !M 9 ! N[4 ,:AT WE NE$ IS A BROAD] FOCUS = \R RESI/ANCE1 ONE ?AT 9CLUDES A DEEP CONC]N = ! OLD T>GETS )\T BE+ LIMIT$ BY !M4 ,A SOCIAL CRITIQUE BAS$ ON HI]>*Y (F]S ?IS DI/9CTLY HORIZONTAL \TLOOK1 COMB9+ AN APPRECIATION ( ! HOLISM ( DOM9ATION ) ! REFUSAL TO S+LE \T ANY ONE ( ITS AXES AS PRIM>Y4 

,?IS IS NO CALL TO DO AWAY ) CLASS ANALYSIS ALTOGE!R4 ,! BROAD1 MAT]IALLY FOCUS$ ANALYZES ( !ORI/S LIKE ,M>X REMA9 USEFUL = EXPLA9+ H[ ECONOMIC FACTORS MOTIVAT$ MU* ( ! DEVELOPM5T ( OPPRESSIVE RELATIONS4 ,NOR CAN WE =GET ?AT1 W]E IT NOT = ! 9V5TION ( ! /ATE1 ! NORMALIZATION ( !SE RELATIONS TO SU* A /AGG]+ EXT5T W\LD HAVE BE5 IMPOSSIBLE4 ,BUT WE NE$ TO APPRECIATE !SE 9SI<TS )\T GO+ OV]BO>D1 MI/AK5LY TAK+ EI!R CLASS OR ! /ATE TO BE ! CRUX ( SOCIAL DOM9ATION4 ,TREAT+ ANY S+LE =M ( OPPRESSION AS PRIM>Y 7ALMO/ ALWAYS ! ONE WE JU/ HAPP5 TO FEEL CLOSE/ TO7 IS ALL TOO (T5 A *EAP EXCUSE = SIDEL9+ ! O!RS4 ,& ?IS PROBLEM ISN'T SOMEH[ AB/RACT OR P]IPH]AL1 EI!R1 BUT D5OTES ONE ( ! MA9 REASONS MANY RESI/ANCE MOVEM5TS SEEM 9CAPABLE ( RELAT+ TO BROAD] SECTIONS ( SOCIETY N[ADAYS4 ,ONLY BY GRANT+ EQUAL CONSID]ATION TO ALL OPPRESSIONS CAN ! /RUGGLE BEG9 TO MAXIMIZE ITS 9CLUSIVITY1 ACCOMMODAT+ ?OSE PEOPLE - 9 FACT1 ! VA/ MAJORITY ( PEOPLE - :OSE EXP]I5CES & WELLBE+ HAVE ALREADY BE5 M>G9ALIZ$ EV]Y:]E ELSE4 

,UNLIKE ID5TITY POLITICS1 H[EV]1 :AT KEEPS ! CRITIQUE ( HI]>*Y FROM TRAIL+ (F 9TO RE=MISM IS ?AT IT NONE!LESS LOCATES ALL OPPRESSIONS )9 A S+LE P[] /RUCTURE4 ,ONLY ?IS TIME IT'S HI]>*Y1 NOT CLASS1 ?AT FRAMES ! DISCUSSION AS SU*4 ,Y\ CAN EXPLA9 PATRI>*Y1 = EXAMPLE1 NOT ONLY AS A SPECIFIC =M ( OPPRESSION1 BUT ALSO AS SOME?+ ?AT >ISES FROM A SET ( RELATIONS ?AT 9CLUDES G5D] :IL/ VA/LY EXCE$+ IT4 ,BECAUSE !RE'S SOME?+ 9H]5T 9 PATRI>*Y ?AT P]MEATES ALL O!R 9/ANCES ( OPPRESSION1 & ?AT ?+ IS ITS CORE /RUCTURE - SPECIFICALLY1 ITS HI]>*ICAL /RUCTURE4 ,PATRI>*Y CAN BE SUMM>IZ$ SIMPLY AS G5D] HI]>*Y2 :ITE SUPREMACY1 MEAN:ILE1 IS A SPECIFIC K9D ( RACIAL HI]>*Y2 ! /ATE IS ! HI]>*Y ( GOV]NM5T OV] ! G5]AL POPULATION2 CAPITALISM IS ! HI]>*Y ( ! RUL+ CLASS OV] ! WORK+ CLASS2 & SO ON4 ,IT'S IMPOSSIBLE TO IMAG9E AN 9/ANCE ( OPPRESSION ?AT ISN'T GR\ND$ 9 EXACTLY ?IS K9D ( SETUP1 NAMELY1 AN 9/ITUTION ?AT GRANTS ONE SECTION ( SOCIETY >BITR>Y CONTROL OV] ANO!R4 ,:I* IS TO SAY ?AT ALL OPPRESSIONS1 NO MATT] H[ DIV]SE1 PRESUPPOSE ! V]Y SAME ASYMMETRICAL P[] RELATIONS1 EA* ( !M SUBORD9AT+ ! NE$S ( ONE GR\P TO ! :IMS ( ANO!R4 ,EV]Y?+ FROM HOMELESSNESS1 TO POLLUTION1 TO TRANSG5D] SUICIDES CAN ?US BE REVEAL$ NOT AS ISOLAT$ ISSUES1 BUT 9/EAD AS FL[+ FROM A COMMON S\RCE4 ,:AT WE'RE DEAL+ )1 BASICALLY1 IS A S+LE PROBLEM3 SOCIAL HI]>*Y IS A HYDRA ) MANY HEADS1 BUT ONLY ONE BODY4 

,SOME MI<T APPROA* ?IS DESCRIPTION ) CAUTION1 AS IF IT W]E JU/ ANO!R ATTEMPT TO R$UCE ALL OPPRESSIONS TO ONE4 ,BUT ! CRITIQUE ( HI]>*Y ISN'T R$UCTIONI/ 9 ! ,M>XIAN S5SE3 RA!R ?AN S+L+ \T ANY ONE =M ( OPPRESSION AS MORE FUNDAM5TAL ?AN ! O!RS1 IT M]ELY EMPHASIZES ! /RUCTURE !Y ALL ASSUME4 ,?IS K9D ( BIGG]-PICTURE ?9K+ H>DLY MEANS FAIL+ TO REALIZE :AT'S UNIQUE TO EV]Y LIB]ATION /RUGGLE1 AS IF TO SUBSUME !M 9TO SOME AMORPH\S :OLE2 ! PO9T IS ONLY TO EMPHASIZE P>TICUL>ITIES )\T GETT+ BOGG$ D[N 9 !M4 ,?AT MEANS COMB9+ AN 9TIMATE KN[L$GE ( DIFF]5T OPPRESSIONS ) A BROAD] UND]/&+ ( ?OSE FEATURES !Y ALL HOLD 9 COMMON1 9CLUD+ ! V]Y REAL PA91 EXCLUSION1 & DE/RUCTION ( POT5TIAL EA* 5TAILS4 ,9 O!R WORDS1 EV]Y =M ( OPPRESSION1 ASIDE FROM BE+ A PROBLEM 9 ITSELF1 MU/ ALSO S]VE AS A GATEWAY = 5T]+ ! CLA% ) SOCIAL HI]>*Y AS A :OLE4 

,IT CAN BE EASY TO FEEL OV]:ELM$ BY ! %E] BREAD? ( ISSUES WE'RE FAC+ - ?AT IS1 IF WE'RE GO+ TO APPROA* !M ONE BY ONE4 ,BUT ?IS ISN'T ! ONLY OPTION OP5 TO US4 ,FRAM+ ! DISCUSSION 9 T]MS ( HI]>*Y 7ALREADY COMMON S5SE = MANY7 (F]S ?AT BROAD1 REVOLUTION>Y P]SPECTIVE WE'VE LO/ SI<T (1 LOCAT+ ALL OPPRESSIONS )9 A S+LE P[] /RUCTURE4 ,YET IT DOES SO 9 A WAY ?AT REFUSES TO PRIORITIZE ANY P>TICUL> ASPECTS ( ?AT /RUCTURE1 !REBY BALANC+ ! KEY VIRTUES ( CLASS /RUGGLE & ID5TITY POLITICS4 

,REVOLUTION>Y /RUGGLE 9 ! #b#a/ C5TURY CALLS \T TO A NEW HORIZON4 ,IT'S TIME TO /RIVE BEYOND M]E ECONOMIC DE/9ATIONS SU* AS SOCIALISM OR COMMUNISM1 JU/ AS ! ABS5CE ( =MAL POLITICAL 9/ITUTIONS LIKE ! /ATE WILL NEV] BE 5\<4 ,RA!R1 :AT MATT]S H]E IS BR++ AB\T AN>*Y - ! ABS5CE ( MA/]Y ( ANY K9D - 9 ! FULLE/ S5SE ( ! WORD4 ,! AN>*I/ PROJECT MU/ !REBY BE DI/+UI%$ FROM ! ANTIQUAT$ GOALS ( ,M>XI/S1 AS WELL AS ! ,LEFT MORE G5]ALLY3 ! PO9T IS TO DISMANTLE OPPRESSION 9 ALL POSSIBLE =MS1 & IT MEANS TAK+ ! MAXIM S]I\SLY1 TOO1 9/EAD ( CA%+ IT \T AS JU/ ANO!R EMPTY SLOGAN4 ,BE W>Y1 COMRADES4 ,:O KN[S :AT ADV5TURES C\LD RESULT FROM SU* AN AUDACI\S PROPOSAL8 

O ,*APT] #b 3 ,! GRE5+ ( REVOLUTION 
#b3 ,! GRE5+ ( REVOLUTION 

,ANIMAL LIB]ATION 

,!RE'S A C]TA9 VOLATILITY TO RESI/+ OPPRESSION 9 ALL =MS4 ,?IS IS EXACTLY ! K9D ( PROJECT ?AT CAN EASILY RUN AWAY FROM Y\1 VA/LY EXCE$+ ONE'S FAMILI> T]RA94 ,LET'S DO \R BE/ TO KEEP UP3 ?R\<\T ! LA/ DECADES1 ONE ( ! MO/ DI/9CTIVE DEVELOPM5TS AMONG SOCIAL /RUGGLES 9 ! ,WE/ HAS BE5 A DAWN+ ( CONC]N = O!R ANIMALS & ! 5VIRONM5T4 ,MANY RADICALS HAVE BE5 KE5 TO DRAG !IR HEELS1 PASS+ (F ! OPPRESSION ( NONHUMANS AS IRRELEVANT TO \R PROSPECTS = REVOLUTION2 ! ,LEFT1 AFT] ALL1 IS FIRMLY ROOT$ 9 ! HUMANI/ IDEALS ( ! ,5LI<T5M5T1 SOME?+ UNQUE/ION+LY REPRODUC$ BY ,M>XISM AS WELL AS OR?ODOX AN>*ISM4 ,YET ! WEI<TY TRADITION ( A BYGONE ]A IS NO EXCUSE = CLOS+ D[N POSSIBILITIES 9 ! PRES5T4 ,! CRITIQUE ( SOCIAL HI]>*Y1 BESIDES DEEP5+ ! SCOPE ( HUMAN LIB]ATION1 APPLIES JU/ AS WELL BEYOND \R [N SPECIES B\ND>Y3 ANIMAL & E>? LIB]ATION >E NO LESS 9TEGRAL TO ! NEW REVOLUTION>Y MOSAIC ?AN ANY O!R ASPECT ( ! /RUGGLE4 

,! FIR/ HALF ( ! GRE5+ ( REVOLUTION - ANIMAL LIB]ATION - CAN BE TRAC$ SOME:AT TO ! ONSET ( ! RADICAL ANIMAL RI<TS MOVEM5T 9 ! ,U,K4 ,AS E>LY AS ! #a#i#fS1 HUNT SABOTEURS HAD BE5 9T]V5+ TO DISRUPT BLOODSPORTS ACROSS ! C\NTRY1 FOCUS+ ON ! LEGALLY SANCTION$ PRACTICE ( FOX HUNT+4 ,FROM ! \TSET1 ?IS CULTIVAT$ AN UND]/&+1 REALIZ$ BY SO MANY LIB]ATION /RUGGLES 9 ! PA/1 ?AT ! LAW WAS DESIGN$ TO PROTECT ! EXPLOIT]S & !RE=E HAD TO BE BROK54 ,?IS BRIMM+ EMPHASIS ON DIRECT ACTION - ON A*IEV+ POLITICAL GOALS \TSIDE ( M$IATION ) =MAL 9/ITUTIONS - WAS !N GRADUALLY APPLI$ TO AN EV] BROAD] SPECTRUM ( T>GETS4 ,NOT ONLY W]E HUNTS T>GETT$ :IL/ UND]WAY1 !IR FACILITIES & VEHICLES W]E (T5 SABOTAG$ AS WELL1 ! PO9T BE+ TO PREV5T ! HUNT FROM BEG9N+ AT ALL4 ,DUR+ ! E>LY '#gS1 ONE GR\P ( HUNT SABS BAS$ 9 ,LUTON - CALL+ !MSELVES ! 0,B& ( ,M]CY0 - EV5 BEGAN ATTACK+ HUNT+ %OPS1 *ICK5 BRE$]S1 & VIVISECTION SUPPLI]S4 ,P]HAPS MO/ MEMORABLY1 9 #a#i#g#c1 ! ,B& BURN$ D[N A VIVISECTION LAB UND] CON/RUCTION NE> ,MILTON ,KEYNES1 PIONE]+ ! USE ( >SON = ! PURPOSES ( ANIMAL LIB]ATION4 

,SU* ACTIVITY SOON GAVE RISE TO AN EV5 MORE =MIDABLE ?REAT4 ,9 #a#i#g#f1 MEMB]S ( ! ,B& ( ,M]CY CREAT$ ! ,ANIMAL ,LIB]ATION ,FRONT 7,A,L,F71 CALL+ = ! APPLICATION ( SABOTAGE TACTICS TO PREV5T ANY =M ( ANIMAL EXPLOITATION4 ,MORE ( A BANN] ?AN AN ACTUAL ORGANIZATION1 ANYONE CAN DO AN ACTION & CLAIM IT AS ! ,A,L,F1 SO LONG AS !Y ADH]E TO A FEW BASIC PR9CIPLES4 ,LACK+ (FICIAL MEMB]S OR BRAN*ES1 ! FRONT IS COMPOS$ MA9LY ( SMALL1 AUTONOM\S AFF9ITY GR\PS2 ACT+ 9 ! /YLE ( A CL&E/9E GU]RILLA MOVEM5T1 P>TICIPANTS /RIKE MA9LY UND] ! COV] ( D>KNESS1 ONLY TO SUBSUME !MSELVES BACK )9 ! POPULATION AT L>GE4 ,?IS 9=MAL1 LEAD]LESS T]RA9 ( /RUGGLE IS EXACTLY :AT ALL[$ ! RESI/ANCE TO PROLIF]ATE SO EFFECTIVELY1 ALL ! :ILE M9IMIZ+ ! RISK ( /ATE REPRESSION4 ,HUNDR$S ( ?\S&S ( RAIDS HAVE BE5 COMPLET$ WORLDWIDE1 LIB]AT+ C\NTLESS ANIMALS FROM ! FACILITIES ?AT 5?RALL$ !M1 EI!R BY TRANSPORT+ !M TO SANCTU>IES OR SIMPLY RELEAS+ !M 9TO ! WILD4 ,NO LESS1 ?OSE PR(IT+ FROM ! MIS]Y HAVE SUFF]$ 9CALCULABLE LOSSES1 ) ! COMPANIES T>GETT$ - VIVISECTION LABS1 LIVE/OCK BRE$]S1 FUR F>MS1 FACTORY F>MS1 SLAU<T]H\SES - (T5 BE+ DRIV5 /RAI<T \T ( BUS9ESS4 ,! VA/ MAJORITY ( !SE RAIDS HAVE RESULT$ 9 Z]O APPREH5SIONS4 

,AMID A /EADY DECL9E 9 C\RAGE & MILITANCY FROM ! ,LEFT OV] ! LA/ DECADES1 GR\PS SU* AS ! ,A,L,F HAVE (T5 BE5 EXACTLY ! ONES TO KEEP ! FLAME ( REVOLUTION>Y /RUGGLE ALIVE4 ,RA!R ?AN BID+ TIME ) P>LIAM5T>Y PROC$URES OR M>*ES ?AT GO 9 CIRCLES1 ! ,A,L,F REFUSE TO WAIT = HI/ORICAL CONDITIONS TO IMPROVE1 9/EAD SETT+ \T TO IMM$IATELY BEG9 DISMANTL+ ! PHYSICAL 9FRA/RUCTURE SOCIAL HI]>*Y DEP5DS UPON TO FUNCTION4 ,WE'RE FAC$ ) AN AGE 9 :I* P[] HAS NO C5T]3 REVOLUTION ISN'T M]ELY A MATT] ( /ORM+ PALACES1 BUT ALSO ( CONFRONT+ ?IS ORD] ( MIS]Y ON EV]Y FRONT1 ESPECIALLY ?OSE MO/ BLATANTLY IGNOR$ 9 ! PA/4 

,EV]Y S+LE DAY1 LIT]ALLY MILLIONS ( ANIMALS >E CONF9$1 MUTILAT$1 & KILL$ = ! PURPOSES ( FOOD1 CLO?+1 5T]TA9M5T1 PHYSICAL LABOR1 & M$ICAL RESE>*4 ,W]E IT HUMANS BE+ MASSACR$ AS SU*1 ! DEA? C\NT W\LD EXCE$ ?AT ( MANY HOLOCAU/S - M]ELY 9 A MATT] ( H\RS4 ,( C\RSE1 IT ISN'T HUMANS ON ! O!R SIDE ( ! B>B$ WIRE1 SO WE TURN \R BACKS TO !IR WRET*$ TREATM5T1 QUITE CONFID5T SU* CONC]NS JU/ DON'T MATT]4 ,YET ?AT'S QUITE ! GRAVE RESPONSE3 :AT ON E>? IF WE'RE WRONG8 

,! MO/ 9FLU5TIAL CASE = ! BASELESSNESS ( ?IS 9DIFF]5CE CAME FROM ,PET] ,S+] 9 ! BOOK ,ANIMAL ,LIB]ATION 7#a#i#g#e74 ,C5T]+ ON A SEM9AL DISCUSSION ( ! NOTION ( SPECIESISM1 ! T]M IS !RE DEF9$ AS 0A PREJUDICE OR ATTITUDE ( BIAS T[>D ! 9T]E/S ( MEMB]S ( ONE'S [N SPECIES & AGA9/ ?OSE ( MEMB]S ( O!R SPECIES40 ,TO ?IS LIB]AL DEF9ITION1 WE C\LD ADD ?AT SPECIESISM1 ASIDE FROM MANIFE/+ 9 ! DISPOSITIONS ( 9DIVIDUALS1 IS /RONGLY ROOT$ 9 A P]VASIVE IDEOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK - REPRODUC$ BY 9/ITUTIONS SU* AS MASS M$IA1 ! LAW1 & PUBLIC $UCATION - ?AT S]VES TO DETA* HUMANITY FROM ! 5SLAVEM5T ( BILLIONS ( ANIMALS4 ,9DE$1 MANY PR(ESS$ RADICALS CONT9UE TO CA/ ASIDE ! TOPIC ( ANTI-SPECIESISM1 EV5 IF !Y'RE COMMITT$ TO FI<T+ OPPRESSIONS LIKE RACISM OR SEXISM4 ,YET ?AT MAKES LITTLE S5SE1 GIV5 ?AT EA* ( !SE RELIES ON ! V]Y SAME LOGIC3 A P>TICUL> GR\P IS MORALLY EXCLUD$ NOT ON ! BASIS ( !IR ACTUALLY HELD CAPACITIES1 BUT SIMPLY BECAUSE !Y APPE> TO BE MEMB]S ( A DIFF]5T BIOLOGICAL CATEGORY4 ,CLE>LY WE W\LD REJECT ?IS K9D ( REASON+ 9 ! CASE ( ASS]TIONS ( :ITE SUPREMACY OV] NON-:ITES - SK9 COLOR JU/ ISN'T A MORALLY RELEVANT QUALITY4 ,:AT NE$S TO BE NOTIC$1 ?\<1 IS ?AT SPECIESISM OP]ATES 9 ALMO/ EXACTLY ! SAME WAY2 ! ONLY DIFF]5CE IS ?AT IT S+LES \T SPECIES1 NOT RACE1 AS ! RELEVANT BIOLOGICAL CATEGORY4 

,?AT SAID1 FEW W\LD ADMIT TO MA9TA9+ SU* A CRUDE SPECIESI/ \TLOOK4 ,! ASSUMPTION H]E - AGA91 AS ) :ITE SUPREMACY - IS ?AT ! RELEVANT MORAL EXCLUSION IS GR\ND$ 9 SCI5CE1 NOT PREJUDICE4 ,9 P>TICUL>1 ! CAPACITY TO REASON IS NORMALLY S+L$ \T AS ! PRIME C&IDATE = JU/IFY+ HUMAN SUPREMACY4 ,SU* AN APPROA* CONT5DS ?AT1 RA!R ?AN RELY+ ON AN >BITR>Y BIOLOGICAL CATEGORY TO DI/ANCE \RSELVES FROM O!R SPECIES1 WE'RE 9/EAD DO+ SO ON ! BASIS ( \R ACTUALLY HELD CAPACITIES4 ,BUT ?IS COMMONPLACE JU/IFICATION IS REALLY NO?+ MORE ?AN A RUSE4 ,F> FROM BE+ AN 9H]5T ASPECT ( HUMAN COGNITION1 ! CAPACITY TO REASON IS M]ELY A TRAIT ?AT MO/ ( US HOLD 7& TO V>Y+ DEGREES74 ,!RE >E MANY HUMANS :O LACK ! CAPACITY = AB/RACT COGNITION1 SU* AS ORD9>Y 9FANTS & ADULTS ) C]TA9 M5TAL DISABILITIES2 H[EV]1 NO ONE S]I\S AB\T FI<T+ OPPRESSION W\LD TAKE ?AT AS AN EXCUSE = !IR MORAL EXCLUSION1 ESPECIALLY NOT IF IT MEANT TREAT+ !M AS WE DO O!R ANIMALS4 ,?AT CAN ONLY MEAN ?AT RATIONALITY ISN'T :AT WE REALLY C>E AB\T :5 MAK+ MORAL CONSID]ATIONS - RATIONALITY IS JU/ AN EXCUSE4 ,! ?+ ?AT MATT]S H]E IS S5TI5CE3 ! CAPACITY TO FEEL BO? PLEASURE & PA94 

,IT %\LD GO )\T SAY+ ?AT S5TI5CE IS ACCESSIBLE NOT ONLY TO HUMANS1 BUT ALSO ! VA/ MAJORITY ( NONHUMAN ANIMALS4 ,NOR IS ! K9D ( S5TI5CE 9VOLV$ H]E SOME WAT]$ D[N V]SION ( ! HUMAN EXP]I5CE4 ,MANY OR EV5 MO/ ANIMALS LEAD EXTREMELY RI* EMOTIONAL LIVES1 *>ACT]IZ$ 9T5SELY BY ALL ! HI<S & L[S ?AT COLOR \R [N /ATES ( M9D1 9CLUD+ EXCITEM5T1 JOY1 AWE1 RESPECT1 EMPA?Y1 BOR$OM1 EMB>RASSM5T1 GRIEF1 LONEL9ESS1 ANXIETY1 FE>1 & DESPAIR4 ,9 O!R WORDS1 ACCESS TO ALL ! FEEL+S ?AT HAVE DEF9$ ! BE/ & WOR/ MOM5TS ( \R LIVES - ?AT DET]M9E MO/ FUNDAM5TALLY :E!R ONE'S LIFE IS WOR? LIV+ - VA/LY TRANSC5DS ! B\ND>IES ( \R [N SPECIES4 ,ANIMALS >E AW>E ( ! WORLD1 & ( !IR PLACE )9 IT2 !IR LIVES >E 9TR9SICALLY VALUABLE1 IRRESPECTIVE ( :AT !Y CAN DO = US4 ,TO MORALLY EXCLUDE !M ON ! BASIS ( SPECIES MEMB]%IP IS ONLY ! K9D ( ?9K+ ?AT SETS ASIDE SK9 COLOR AS A VALID JU/IFICATION = HUMAN SLAV]Y4 ,BUT WE CAN'T D5Y ! LOGIC ( DOM9ATION 9 ONE CASE :IL/ RELY+ ON IT SO :IMSICALLY 9 ANO!R3 ANIMAL LIB]ATION MU/ BE F\<T = JU/ AS >D5TLY AS WE FI<T = \R [N4 

,AN?ROPOC5TRISM WAS SUIT$ TO AN AGE 9 :I* MO/ BELIEV$ ,GOD TO HAVE CREAT$ HUMANS 9 ,HIS [N IMAGE1 COMM&+ US TO 0HAVE DOM9ION OV] ! FI% ( ! SEA1 & OV] ! F[L ( ! AIR1 & OV] EV]Y LIV+ ?+ ?AT MOVE? UPON ! E>?40 ,COME ! #b#a/ C5TURY1 H[EV]1 NUM]\S LEAPS 9 HUMAN UND]/&+ - ! ,COP]NICAN REVOLUTION1 ,D>W9'S !ORY ( EVOLUTION1 ,FREUD'S !ORY ( ! UNCONSCI\S - HAVE SIGNIFICANTLY DE?RON$ ! IDEA ?AT HUMAN CULTURE SOMEH[ 9HABITS A WORLD AP>T FROM ,NATURE4 ,CLE>LY WE DIFF] FROM O!R ANIMALS 9 MANY ( \R COGNITIVE ABILITIES1 BUT ?IS IS A MATT] ( DEGREE1 NOT K9D2 \R EVOLUTION>Y HI/ORY M]ELY UPGRAD$ ! M5TAL FUNCTIONS ALREADY PRES5T AMONG NONHUMANS = MILLIONS ( YE>S1 RA!R ?AN CONF]R+ HUMANITY ) RADICALLY UNIQUE CAPACITIES4 ,O!R ANIMALS >E ABLE1 IF ONLY TO A LESS] EXT5T1 TO GRASP LANGUAGE1 DEMON/RATE SELF-AW>5ESS1 USE TOOLS1 9HABIT COMPLEX SOCIETIES1 APPRECIATE HUMOR1 & 5ACT RITUALS >\ND DEA?4 ,NOT ONLY ?AT1 MANY SEEM TO EASILY \TDO HUMANS :5 IT COMES TO ! CAPACITIES ( MEMORY1 NAVIGATION1 & SOCIABILITY4 ,9 T]MS ( ECOLOGICAL 9TEGRATION1 F9ALLY1 ANY NOTIONS ( HUMAN SUPREMACY />T TO GET EMB>RASS+3 BEES POLL9ATE SO MANY ( ! WORLD'S PLANTS1 PHYTOPLANKTON PHOTOSYN!SIZE HALF ( ITS OXYG51 FUNGI & BACT]IA >E ! PRIM>Y DECOMPOS]S ( ORGANIC MATT]4 ,& :AT ( ! HUMAN CONTRIBUTION TO ! PLANET>Y COMMUNITY8 ,! HI<LI<TS 9CLUDE CLIMATE *ANGE1 RADIOACTIVE WA/E1 & ! ,GREAT ,PACIFIC ,G>BAGE ,PAT*4 ,APP>5TLY N>CISSISM M>*ES 9 LOCK-/EP ) 9COMPET5CY3 ! IDEA ?AT ,NATURE SOMEH[ REQUIRES ! IMPOSITION ( HUMAN ORD] HAS ONLY EV] MEANT H] RU9ATION1 & ?AT ALL TOO CLE>LY 9CLUDES \R [N4 

,TO MAKE SOME?+ EXPLICIT1 ?\<1 NOTE ?AT IT'S NOT HUMANITY ?AT'S LAY+ WA/E TO ! V]Y FABRIC ( LIFE4 ,VULN]ABLE HUMAN GR\PS H>DLY /& TO B5EFIT FROM SPECIESISM2 ANIMAL AGRICULTURE1 = EXAMPLE1 IS ! LEAD+ CAUSE BO? ( WAT] POLLUTION & C>BON EMISSIONS1 BESIDES BE+ RESPONSIBLE = SOME ( ! MO/ ATROCI\S WORKPLACES ON E>?4 ,ALL SO ?AT CAPITALISM CAN SUPPLY ITS HUMAN CAPTIVES ) SO-CALL$ 0FOOD0 LOAD$ ) GR[? HORMONES & ANTIBIOTICS4 ,9 ESS5CE1 ALL CREATURES :O F9D !IR HOME ON ?IS DE> PLANET1 9CLUD+ ?OSE OPPRESS$ )9 \R [N SPECIES1 SUFF] 9 COMMON AT ! H&S ( A DISEASE - EQUAL P>TS ANTISOCIAL & ECOCIDAL - CALL$ SOCIAL HI]>*Y4 ,?IS IS ! MOM5T TO AB&ON \R SPECIESI/ ASSUMPTIONS1 FROM :I* ! DISCONNECTION ( HUMAN & ANIMAL LIB]ATION /RUGGLES RESULTS4 ,! /RUGGLE = LIB]ATION ADMITS ( NO F9AL FRONTI]S4 

,E>? LIB]ATION 

,! EM]G5CE ( ANIMAL LIB]ATION HAS BE5 MIRROR$ BY AN ADDITIONAL TR5D1 NO LESS VITAL = ! ONGO+ GRE5+ ( REVOLUTION3 E>? LIB]ATION4 ,9 ?IS CASE1 ! EXT5SION ( POLITICAL CONC]N TO NONHUMANS GOES EV5 BEYOND ! DOMA9 ( S5TI5CE1 H]E BE+ APPLI$ TO ECOSY/EMS ALTOGE!R1 IF NOT PLANET ,E>? AS A :OLE4 ,MANY RELATE TO ! OPPRESSION ( ! L& LEA/ EASILY1 GIV5 ?AT ! VALUE BEHOLD5 TO ECOSY/EMS IS ! MO/ F> REMOV$ FROM ! K9D WE \RSELVES POSSESS4 ,YET ?IS /UBBORN ATTITUDE IS DO+ US NO FAVORS3 AS WE MOVE 9TO ! ?ICK ( AN UNEASY C5TURY1 = ! FIR/ TIME UNSURE AS TO :E!R WE'LL EV5 MAKE IT TO ! NEXT1 WE CAN ONLY BEG9 TO RECONSID] ! HUMAN PRESUMPTION ( SUPREMACY OV] ALL ?+S4 

,COMP>$ ) ! RADICAL ANIMAL RI<TS MOVEM5T1 ! ORIG9 ( RADICAL 5VIRONM5TALISM TELLS A DIFF]5T /ORY1 >IS+ AS IT DID 9 RESPONSE TO ! FAIL+S ( ! MA9/REAM MOVEM5T4 ,:5 ,GRE5PEACE1 = EXAMPLE1 WAS E/ABLI%$ 9 #a#i#g#a1 ITS EXPLICIT PURPOSE WAS TO OV]COME ! CON=MITY ( GR\PS LIKE ! ,SI]RA ,CLUB & ,FRI5DS ( ! ,E>?4 ,BUT IT WASN'T LONG UNTIL ,GRE5PEACE1 TOO1 5D$ UP LOOK+ LIKE ANY OLD POLITICAL P>TY OR CORPORATION4 ,BY ATTEMPT+ TO BUILD A C5TRALIZ$ MASS MOVEM5T1 ! BUREAUCRATIC DIVISION BETWE5 CAMPAIGN] & SUPPORT] WAS CONT9UALLY RE9=C$1 SWAPP+ ! COMMITM5T TO DIRECT ACTION = AN UN9SPIR$ FOCUS ON FUNDRAIS+4 ,! RADICAL IMAGE WAS MA9TA9$ AS A W9N+ ADV]TIS+ TE*NIQUE1 EV5 ?\< ILLEGAL ACTIONS W]E TYPICALLY CONDEMN$ 9 FAVOR ( 9/ITUTIONAL 5GAGEM5T4 ,ACTUAL *ANGE WAS SUPPOS$ TO BE BR\<T AB\T NOT BY ORD9>Y PEOPLE1 BUT 9/EAD BY LAWY]S & BUS9ESSPEOPLE1 !IR SAL>IES 7& 9DIFF]5CE7 SOON GR[+ \T ( ALL PROPORTION4 ,DESPITE ACCESS TO UNTOLD FUNDS & RES\RCES1 !RE=E1 GR\PS LIKE ,GRE5PEACE FAIL$ TO (F] MU* TR\BLE TO ! GR[+ SURGE ( 5VIRONM5TAL DEVA/ATION1 (T5 HALT+ C]TA9 PROJECTS ONLY AT ! EXP5SE ( OP5LY 5DORS+ O!RS4 ,! PRESUM$ S9C]ITY ( ITS F\ND]S W]E ULTIMATELY IRRELEVANT3 PLAY+ BY ! RULES ( A SY/EM ?AT TAKES ECONOMIC GR[? AS 9VIOLABLE CAN ONLY MEAN COMPLICITY 9 ! ECOCIDE4 

,FAC$ ) ?IS L>GELY SYMBOLIC 5VIRONM5TALISM1 ONE DEF9ITIVE RESPONSE WAS ! =MATION ( ,E>? ,FIR/6 9 #a#i#h4 ,SET UP 9ITIALLY 9 ! ,U,S1 & SPREAD+ 9T]NATIONALLY A DECADE LAT]1 ! PO9T WAS TO EXCE$ ! LIMITATIONS ( ! MA9/REAM MOVEM5T BY FOCUS+ 9/EAD ON GRASSROOTS ORGANIZ+ & DIRECT ACTION4 ,?IS OP5$ UP A T]RA9 ( /RUGGLE 9 :I* DIALOGUE ) ! /ATE1 & BUREAUCRATIC PROC$URES MORE G5]ALLY1 BECAME COMPLETELY UNNECESS>Y4 ,COMMITT$ FROM ! />T TO (F] 0,NO COMPROMISE 9 DEF5SE ( ,MO!R ,E>?10 ,E>? ,FIR/6 5C\RAG$ PEOPLE TO TAKE MATT]S 9TO !IR [N H&S1 QUITE AW>E ?AT OBEY+ ! LAW W\LD ONLY GU>ANTEE DEFEAT4 ,9 DO+ SO1 C\NTLESS ECOSY/EMS W]E PROTECT$ FROM ! LIKES ( LOGG+1 DAMM+1 & ROAD-BUILD+1 9 SPITE ( ACTIVI/S HAV+ NEV] SP5T AN H\R 9 A BO>DROOM MEET+4 ,TO NOTE1 SIMIL> DIRECT ACTION TACTICS W]E ALREADY BE+ US$1 = EXAMPLE1 BY ANTI-NUCLE> ACTIVI/S 9 ,G]MANY & ! ,U,K2 YET ,E>? ,FIR/6 MADE A PO9T ( APPLY+ ?IS APPROA* MU* MORE BROADLY1 SETT+ \T NOT ONLY TO OPPOSE NEW PROJECTS1 BUT ALSO TO ROLL BACK ! FRONTI]S ( 9DU/RIAL CIVILIZATION ALTOGE!R4 

,ANO!R KEY EV5T 9 ! DEVELOPM5T ( RADICAL 5VIRONM5TALISM WAS ! CREATION ( ! ,E>? ,LIB]ATION ,FRONT 7,E,L,F7 9 ! ,U,K1 #a#i#i#b4 ,MODEL$ ALONG ! L9ES ( ! ,A,L,F1 ! ,E,L,F SET AB\T UTILIZ+ ! V]Y SAME EMPHASIS ON 9=MAL ORGANIZATION & SABOTAGE1 ONLY ?IS TIME 9 ! DEF5SE ( ! 5VIRONM5T4 ,?IS ALL[$ ABOVEGR\ND GR\PS LIKE ,E>? ,FIR/6 TO PUBLICLY DISSOCIATE ITSELF FROM MORE MILITANT ACTIONS1 CONC5TRAT+ 9/EAD ON MASS DEMON/RATIONS & CIVIL DISOB$I5CE1 EV5 ?\< /RONG TIES W]E MA9TA9$ BETWE5 ! TWO MOVEM5TS4 ,! ,E,L,F SOON SPREAD CAPILL>Y-/YLE ACROSS ! GLOBE1 FIR/LY ?R\<\T ,EUROPE1 & !N TO ,NOR? & ,S\? ,AM]ICA4 ,FROM ! =E/S ( ,KHIMKI & ,HAMBA*]1 TO ! SPRAWL+ METROPOLISES ( ,MEXICO ,CITY1 ,SANTIAGO1 & ,JAK>TA1 ! FIRES LIT = E>? LIB]ATION CONT9UE TO L& ON F]TILE GR\ND2 HUNDR$S ( MILLIONS ( DOLL>S WOR? ( DAMAGE HAVE BE5 CAUS$ TO ECOCIDAL 9DU/RIES1 9CLUD+ T>GETS SU* AS LOGG+ 9FRA/RUCTURE1 BIOTE*NOLOGY LABS1 P[] L9ES1 RETAIL SITES1 C> DEAL]%IPS1 LUXURY RESID5TIAL PROJECTS1 & SKI RESORTS4 ,ALREADY 9 #b#a1 ! EFFECTIV5ESS ( ! ,E,L,F HAD BE5 CONFIRM$ BEYOND ALL D\BT1 ) ! ,F,B,I DECL>+ !M 0! TOP DOME/IC T]ROR ?REAT0 9 ! ,U,S1 DESPITE HAV+ NEV] CAUS$ PHYSICAL H>M TO A S+LE LIV+ BE+4 

,:AT SET GR\PS LIKE ,E>? ,FIR/6 & ! ,E,L,F AP>T FROM ! MA9/REAM MOVEM5T WAS NOT1 H[EV]1 M]ELY A MATT] ( TACTICS4 ,9 MANY CASES1 ! REFUSAL TO COMPROMISE ON ! DEF5SE ( ! PLANET WAS UND]P9N$ BY A PHILOSOPHY ,>NE ,NAESS CALL$ 0DEEP ECOLOGY10 NAMELY1 ! VIEW ?AT ECOSY/EMS POSSESS VALUE 9 & ( !MSELVES1 IRRESPECTIVE ( !IR UTILITY = HUMAN BE+S4 ,AS A REPLACEM5T = AN?ROPOC5TRISM1 ,NAESS 5DORS$ BIOC5TRISM1 ! IDEA ?AT LIFE ITSELF IS ! LOCUS ( MORAL VALUE1 & ?AT SU* VALUE IS EQUAL 9 WEI<T TO ?AT :I* WE \RSELVES POSSESS4 ,! HUMAN EXP]I5CE IS BUT A S+LE FACET ( A VA/1 9T]CONNECT$ WEB ( LIFE1 ALL MEMB]S ( :I* - FROM =E/S1 TO 9SECTS1 TO M\NTA9S1 TO OCEANS - HAVE JU/ AS MU* RI<T TO EXI/ & FL\RI% AS WE DO4 ,BIOC5TRISM ?US CONT5DS ?AT RI*NESS & DIV]SITY )9 ! BIOSPH]E CAN BE R$UC$ ONLY 9 ORD] TO SATISFY ! MO/ VITAL ( HUMAN NE$S4 ,! EXPLOITATIVE ASSUMPTION ?AT WILD]NESS IS WA/$ UNLESS MADE PR(ITABLE MU/ BE TURN$ ON ITS HEAD3 ! WILD IS 9TR9SICALLY VALUABLE1 :E!R OR NOT HUMANS >E !RE TO 5JOY IT4 ,LIFE EXI/S = ITSELF1 NOT M]ELY = US4 

,DEEP ECOLOGICAL ?9K+ IS (T5 CONTRA/$ ) :AT ,NAESS DESCRIB$ AS 0%ALL[ ECOLOGY10 :I* IS ! T5D5CY TO RESPECT ! NE$ = ECOLOGICAL PROTECTION1 BUT ONLY 9S(> AS DO+ SO CAN BE JU/IFI$ AS PROMOT+ HUMAN 9T]E/S4 ,ALL ?AT %ALL[ ECOLOGY (F]S1 !RE=E1 IS A MORE PRUD5T TAKE ON AN?ROPOC5TRISM3 GIV5 ?AT \R [N LONG-T]M SURVIVAL AS A SPECIES IS DEP5D5T 7TO A DEGREE7 ON A HEAL?Y 5VIRONM5T1 IT W\LD BE FOOLI% TO DEVA/ATE IT TOO SEV]ELY4 ,:I* MI<T S\ND LIKE A B5IGN VIEW1 BUT IT BR+S ) IT SEV]E IMPLICATIONS4 ,IF ECOLOGICAL CONC]N IS TAK5 ONLY AS A MEANS T[>DS PROMOT+ HUMAN WELLBE+1 IT FOLL[S ?AT1 9 ?OSE CASES 9 :I* ! TWO FAIL TO CO9CIDE1 NO BASIS :ATSOEV] CAN BE PROVID$ = WORRY+ AB\T ! 5VIRONM5T4 ,)\T ADOPT+ A DEEP ECOLOGICAL POSITION1 WE C\LDN'T EXPLA91 = EXAMPLE1 :AT ! PROBLEM W\LD BE ) WIP+ \T EV]Y LA/ TRACE ( WILD]NESS ON E>?1 PRESUM+ ?AT DO+ SO HAD NO ADV]SE EFFECT ON HUMANS4 ,NOR %\LD WE SEE ANY?+ WRONG ) ! IDEA ( >TIFICIALLY ALT]+ GLOBAL WEA!R ON PURPOSE1 SO ?AT RA9 OR SUN%9E C\LD BE TRIGG]$ ) ! T\* ( A BUTTON4 ,NEI!R DOES %ALL[ ECOLOGY TREAT CLIMATE *ANGE AS A PROBLEM 9 ITSELF1 MEAN+ ?AT1 IF HUMANS C\LD SOMEH[ RELOCATE TO ANO!R PLANET 9 ! FUTURE1 WE C\LD QUITE HAPPILY *OKE ?IS ONE TO DEA?4 

,!SE >E ONLY ?\<T EXP]IM5TS1 BUT = MO/ ( US !Y /IR AN IMPORTANT 9TUITION1 ROOT$ 9 ! P>T ( \RSELVES ?AT HASN'T YET BE5 FULLY DOME/ICAT$3 HUMANITY IS BUT A P>T ( ,NATURE1 ) NO HI<] RI<T TO 9HABIT REALITY ?AN ANY?+ ELSE4 ,BESIDES1 !RE'S SOME?+ AB\T %ALL[ ECOLOGY ?AT'S 9H]5TLY P>ADOXICAL3 AN AU!NTICALLY ECOLOGICAL S5SIBILITY CAN ONLY BE GR\ND$ 9 RESPECT = ! HORIZONTAL SYMBIOSIS ( ALL LIFE1 SOME?+ ?AT TREAT+ ! E>? M]ELY AS A POOL ( HUMAN RES\RCES NECESS>ILY VIOLATES4 

,:IL/ ! T]M9OLOGY 9V5T$ BY DEEP ECOLOGY IS REC5T1 H[EV]1 ! WISDOM IT 9VOKES IS NOT4 ,AS LONG-/&+ ,A,L,F_/,E,L,F W>RIOR ,ROD ,CORONADO EXPLA9S1 9 LI<T ( HIS ,NATIVE ,AM]ICAN H]ITAGE3 0,! WORLD ?AT \R PEOPLE COME FROM & ?AT /ILL EXI/S = MANY 9DIG5\S PEOPLE - & NON-9DIG5\S PEOPLE TOO1 IF !Y *OOSE TO RECOGNIZE IT - IS A WORLD ?AT SEES EV]Y HUMAN BE+1 EV]Y ANIMAL BE+1 EV]Y PLANT BE+1 AS P>T ( A :OLE & EQUAL TO EA* O!R40 ,UND]/&+ DEEP ECOLOGY ISN'T SO MU* A MATT] ( LE>N+ SOME?+ NEW1 BUT ( REMEMB]+ ?AT :I* WAS ONCE AS OBVI\S AS ANY?+4 ,! 9TR9SIC VALUE ( LIFE ITSELF MU/ BE R$ISCOV]$ & F\<T = UNTIL ! BITT] 5D1 NOT AS A DI/RACTION FROM O!R LIB]ATION /RUGGLES1 BUT 9/EAD AS AN 9SEP>ABLE COMPON5T ( A S+LE1 MULTIFACET$ FI<T AGA9/ ALL =MS ( OPPRESSION4 ,! LA/ FEW DECADES DIVID$ ! /RUGGLE2 AT ?IS PO9T1 !SE SEP>ATE /R&S >E 9VIT$ TO CONV]GE1 (F]+ A GLIMPSE ( AN 5TIRELY NEW REVOLUTION>Y HORIZON4 

,SOME ( ! MO/ REVOLUTION>Y TEXTS P5N$ 9 REC5T DECADES - ?9K ( ,ALFR$O ,BONANNO OR ! ,9VISIBLE ,COMMITTEE - POSSESS AT !IR CORE A PR(\ND AFFIRMATION ( LIFE4 ,?IS IS EXACTLY :AT 9SPIRES ?AT EAG]NESS TO SEE ! EXI/5T CA/ 9 FLAMES3 ! ORD] ?AT PR(ESSES TO RULE OV] US IS1 9 ESS5CE1 A SY/EM ( DEA?1 CAPABLE ( P]SEV]+ ONLY TO ! EXT5T IT GR9DS D[N ALL ?AT'S WILD & FREE4 ,F> TOO (T51 ?\<1 AN APPRECIATION ( ?IS S5TIM5T IS LIMIT$ TO A DISCUSSION ( HUMAN LIFE1 =GETT+ ?AT LIFE 9 G5]AL IS :AT'S REALLY AT /AKE4 ,BY REPRODUC+ HUMAN SUPREMACY )9 REVOLUTION>Y /RUGGLES - ?AT IS1 BY PR$ICAT+ ! LIB]ATION ( \R [N SPECIES ON ! 5SLAVEM5T ( ALL O!RS - WE FAIL TO *ALL5GE ! COMMON 5EMY ON EV]Y FRONT1 9VIT+ IT TO RECUP]ATE :]E \R BACKS >E TURN$4 ,! /RUGGLES = HUMAN & NONHUMAN LIB]ATION DO NOT COMPETE1 PRECISELY BECAUSE !Y >5'T SEP>ATE4 ,9 ! #b#a/ C5TURY1 ! ONLY FAULT L9E ?AT SPLITS ! 5TIRETY ( SOCIETY1 9CLUD+ EA* ( US1 IS ?AT :I* AFFIRMS LIFE COMP>$ ) ?AT :I* DE/ROYS IT4 

O ,*APT] #c 3 ,ONE /RUGGLE1 ONE FI<T 
#c3 ,ONE /RUGGLE1 ONE FI<T 

,ECONOMY & ECOCIDE 

,BO? ANIMAL & E>? LIB]ATION (F] KEY FOO?OLDS 9 ! IMAG9ATION1 BUT WE'RE NOT !RE YET4 ,Y\ C\LD SAY ANTI-SPECIESISM & DEEP ECOLOGY >E REVOLUTION>Y1 YET NOT NECESS>ILY 9 A POLITICAL S5SE1 ONLY A MORAL ONE4 ,9DE$1 ! BE/-KN[N ?9K]S ( BO? MOVEM5TS - ,PET] ,S+] & ,>NE ,NAESS - S\<T TO ANALYZE ! OPPRESSION ( O!R ANIMALS & ! E>? 9 ISOLATION FROM A CRITIQUE ( ! /ATE & CAPITAL1 TAK+ IT = GRANT$ ?AT ! SY/EM ISN'T 9H]5TLY ECOCIDAL4 ,BO? 9TELLECTUAL MOVEM5TS - !MSELVES \TCOMES ( ! ,NEW ,LEFT - !REBY F\ND !MSELVES LOOK+ AT OPPRESSION 9 A WAY SUSPICI\SLY SIMIL> TO ID5TITY POLITICS1 (F]+ PRACTICAL PROPOSALS FOCUS$ >\ND P]SONALI/IC EVOLUTION & LEGISLATIVE *ANGE4 ,! CORRESPOND+ ACTIVI/ MOVEM5TS HAVE1 ( C\RSE1 (T5 UTILIZ$ MU* MORE RADICAL TACTICS1 BUT EV5 MILITANT /RATEGIES RUN A C]TA9 RISK3 PROMOT+ ANIMAL OR E>? LIB]ATION 9 SEP>ATION FROM AN ASSAULT ON SOCIAL HI]>*Y OV]ALL4 

,! !ORY ( SOCIAL ECOLOGY 9TRODUC$ BY ,BOOK*9 IS EXTREMELY USEFUL H]E4 ,! PO9T ( SOCIAL ECOLOGY1 AS ! T]M SUGGE/S1 IS TO PROVIDE A COMB9$ ANALYSIS ( SOCIAL & ECOLOGICAL ISSUES4 ,MORE SPECIFICALLY1 ,BOOK*9 >GU$ ?AT ! DOM9ATION ( ! NATURAL WORLD IS ROOT$ 9 DOM9ATION )9 SOCIETY1 ESPECIALLY HI]>*IES SU* AS ! /ATE1 CAPITALISM1 & PATRI>*Y4 ,! WAYS 9 :I* HUMANS MI/REAT NONHUMANS >E 9 SO MANY WAYS AN EXT5SION ( H[ HUMANS MI/REAT ONE ANO!R2 H5CE1 RAMPANT HI]>*Y BETWE5 \RSELVES CAN ONLY LEAD TO ! SUBJUGATION ( LIFE 9 G5]AL4 ,IT'S NO CO9CID5CE ?AT ?OSE SOCIETIES MO/ HEAVILY BURD5$ BY ECONOMIC 9EQUALITY >E ALMO/ ALWAYS ! ONES ?AT TREAT !IR 5VIRONM5T ! WOR/4 ,NOR %\LD WE EXPECT A LIB]AL RESPONSE1 ONE FOCUS$ ON PIECEMEAL RE=MS & CONSUM] *OICE1 TO EFFECTIVELY *ALL5GE ! DEVA/ATION4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 A*IEV+ BALANCE )9 ,NATURE IS ONE & ! SAME ) CREAT+ A NONHI]>*ICAL SOCIETY1 :I* IS EXACTLY :Y MO/ SOCIAL ECOLOGI/S POSE SOCIAL REVOLUTION AS ! ONLY VIABLE RESPONSE TO ! GR[+ 5VIRONM5TAL CRISIS4 ,9 %ORT1 ?IS WORLD CANNOT BE MADE GRE53 PROMOT+ S\ND ECOLOGY MEANS CREAT+ NEW WORLDS ALTOGE!R4 

,! ECOLOGICAL PROBLEMS 9H]5T 9 CAPITALISM >E AMONG ! MO/ URG5T TO CONSID]4 ,IT'S BECOM+ 9CREAS+LY IMPOSSIBLE TO IGNORE ! ECOCIDAL T5D5CIES ( ! DOM9ANT MODE ( PRODUCTION2 F> FROM BE+ AN \TCOME M]ELY ( ?IS OR ?AT V]SION ( CAPITALISM1 H[EV]1 ! DEVA/ATION ( ! NATURAL WORLD /EMS FROM ITS SIMPLE/ & MO/ IRREVOCABLE FEATURES4 ,! BASIC MOTOR DRIV+ CAPITALI/ PRODUCTION IS ! NE$ = BUS9ESSES TO G5]ATE PR(IT4 ,& PR(IT IS G5]AT$ BY CONV]T+ NATURAL RES\RCES 9TO PRODUCTS ?AT >E SOLD ON ! M>KET4 ,MOREOV]1 BUS9ESSES WILL BE SUCCESSFUL1 9 ! EYES ( CAPITALI/ LOGIC1 TO ! EXT5T !Y'RE PR(ITABLE4 ,:I* MEANS ?AT ! SUCCESS ( ! CAPITALI/ ECONOMY EQUATES1 R\<LY SPEAK+1 TO ! EXT5T TO :I* IT USES UP NATURAL RES\RCES4 ,! FACT ?AT BUS9ESSES >E 9C5TIVIZ$ TO USE !SE RES\RCES AS EFFICI5TLY AS POSSIBLE 7LESS MONEY SP5T ON PUR*AS+ & PROCESS+ !M7 MAKES LITTLE DIFF]5CE1 GIV5 ?AT ANY S\ND BUS9ESS WILL M]ELY RE9VE/ ! MONEY SAV$ 9TO CONSUM+ EV5 MORE1 !REBY MAXIMIZ+ PR(IT4 ,! BASIC EQUATION IS ?US1 ON ! ONE H&1 ?AT MORE PRODUCTION MEANS MORE PR(IT1 & ALSO ?AT MORE PRODUCTION MEANS MORE ECOCIDE4 

,CAPITALISM (F]S NO HOPE ( A WAY \T4 ,ITS NE$ = GR[? IS ABSOLUTELY 9SATIABLE4 ,)\T A*IEV+ CON/ANT ECONOMIC EXPANSION1 ANY BUS9ESS TEMPTS ! POSSIBILITY ( RECESSION OR EV5 BANKRUPTCY1 9VIT+ COMPETITORS TO UND]CUT ITS %>E ( ! M>KET4 ,) ! ECONOMY AS A :OLE1 TOO1 ! M]E FAILURE TO MA9TA9 5DLESS GR[? IS DEF9$ AS A CRISIS4 ,TO EV5 CONSID] A LIMIT TO ! CONV]SION ( \R LIV+1 BREA?+ 5VIRONM5T 9TO M]E /UFF SPEAKS A =EIGN LANGUAGE TO A CORPORATION4 

,IT'S NO MY/]Y ?AT ! VA/ MAJORITY ( ! NATURAL WORLD HAS ALREADY BE5 DE/ROY$1 AS IS ONE & ! SAME ) ! SMOO? FUNCTION+ ( ! CAPITALI/ MA*9E4 ,& :AT A HIDE\S NOTION ( 0WEAL?0 IT (F]S3 COLLAPS$ FI%]IES1 WIP$ \T =E/S1 *EW$ UP L&SCAPES1 TOPSOIL TURN$ TO DU/1 FOSSIL FUEL RES]VES BL$ DRY4 ,F> FROM SL[+ D[N1 NO LESS1 ! RATE ( DEPLETION IS ONLY SPE$+ UP1 EXACTLY AS ! MANTRA ( CON/ANT GR[? REQUIRES4 ,S9CE ! ,9DU/RIAL ,REVOLUTION1 ESPECIALLY1 WE'VE BE5 LIV+ WELL BEYOND \R MEANS1 SOME?+ ?AT'S ONLY RIS5 5ORM\SLY S9CE ! MID-#b? C5TURY4 ,! ECONOMIC DEM& = HI<] LEVELS ( CONSUMPTION HAS BE5 MET ) AN EXPON5TIALLY RIS+ GLOBAL POPULATION ( CONSUM]S1 AS WELL AS ! FLOOD+ ( ! M>KET ) EV] MORE USELESS CRAP1 BUT IT CAN'T GO ON LIKE ?IS =EV]4 ,WE'RE HURTL+ T[>DS A CRUN* ( ONE SORT OR ANO!R1 & ONE ( TWO ?+S MU/ GO3 EI!R CAPITALISM1 OR ! PLANET4 

,LIFE & ! ECONOMY EXI/ 9 A FUNDAM5TAL /ATE ( T5SION ) ONE ANO!R4 ,TO ! EXT5T ?AT ! HEAL? ( ONE IS COEXT5SIVE ) ! DEVA/ATION ( ! O!R4 ,WE'RE NEV] F> FROM ! LATE/ REPORT EI!R ( A CATA/ROPHIC OIL SPILL OR 5DANG]$ SPECIES BE+ DRIV5 TO EXT9CTION1 NOR ANO!R 0REVELATION0 AS TO ! LIV+ HELL ( FACTORY F>MS4 ,YET ! BASIC CONTRADICTION ( LIB]AL DISC\RSE IS TO BEMOAN !SE HORRORS :IL/ REFUS+ TO QUE/ION ! ECONOMIC CONDITIONS ?AT NECESSITATE !M4 ,WE NE$ TO BE \TRAG$ )\T BE+ SURPRIS$3 ! CAUSE ( SU* ABJECT ABUSE CAN ONLY BE A MODE ( PRODUCTION ?AT DISREG>DS EV]Y?+ IRRELEVANT TO ! G5]ATION ( PR(IT4 ,ECONOMI/S DESCRIBE ?OSE FACTORS UNCONDUCIVE TO IMM$IATE GR[? SIMPLY AS 0EXT]NALITIES10 UN9TELLIGIBLE TO CAPITALI/ LOGIC & UTT]LY DEVOID ( CONC]N4 ,C>BON EMISSIONS1 = EXAMPLE1 >E RELEAS$ 9TO ! ATMOSPH]E M]ELY AS A SIDE-EFFECT ( 9DU/RIALIZ$ PRODUCTION2 GIV5 ?AT !RE'S NO ECONOMIC 9C5TIVE TO AVOID ?IS \TCOME1 ANY HOPE ( AN ALT]NATIVE IS QUITE FUTILE4 ,EV5 ! V]Y REAL ?REAT ( CLIMATE *ANGE - ! IMM95T RU9ATION ( LIFE AS WE KN[ IT - FAILS TO (F] A CONCEIVABLE PROBLEM = ! ECONOMY4 ,! LAWS ( ! M>KET LIT]ALLY DEEM IT IRRATIONAL TO DEAL ) SU* A PROBLEM1 GIV5 ?AT ANY CORPORATION W\LD BE BANKRUPT LONG BE=E ! PREV5TION ( CATA/ROPHE (F]$ ! *ANCE ( A RETURN TO ITS %>EHOLD]S4 ,NOR CAN WE EXPECT CAPITALI/ GOV]NM5TS TO 9T]V5E EFFECTIVELY 9/EAD1 PRECISELY BECAUSE !IR SUCCESS1 TOO1 IS MEASUR$ FIR/ & =EMO/ ) RESPECT TO %ORT-T]M ECONOMIC GR[?4 

,IT MI<T SEEM A /RANGE ?+1 !RE=E1 ?AT MO/ PEOPLE F9D !MSELVES GO+ ALONG ) BUS9ESS AS USUAL4 ,YET !RE'S AN IMPORTANT EXPLANATION H]E1 & ?AT'S 0GRE5 CAPITALISM0 - ! VILE/ ( OXYMORONS4 ,GRE5 CAPITALISM CAN BE SUMM>IZ$ AS ! IDEA ?AT ! M>KET CAN BE US$ TO FIX ! DEEP5+ 5VIRONM5TAL CRISIS4 ,IT BEGAN GA9+ 9FLU5CE 9 ! ,GLOBAL ,NOR? 9 ! '#hS1 L>GELY 9 RESPONSE TO A COMB9ATION ( TWO FACTORS3 ON ! ONE H&1 CORPORATIONS REALIZ$ ?AT MANY CONSUM]S POSSESS$ A NEWF\ND1 S9C]E DESIRE TO PROTECT ! 5VIRONM5T2 ON ! O!R H&1 H[EV]1 ! MAJORITY ( !SE CONSUM]S SEEM$ TO PREF] AN 5VIRONM5TALISM COMPATIBLE ) ! PRES]VATION ( NORMALITY4 ,9 P>TICUL>1 GRE5 CAPITALISM APPEALS TO ! EXPECTATION ?AT ! HEAL? ( ! PLANET BE MA9TA9$ ALONGSIDE \R RES\RCE-9T5SIVE LIFE/YLES1 CEM5T$ AMONG ! BURGEON+ ,WE/]N MIDDLE CLASS ?R\<\T ! #b? C5TURY4 ,BUT REALLY ?IS 9DULG5CE IS ONLY ! ULTIMATE =M ( CONSUM]ISM1 PUTT+ A PRICE-TAG EV5 ON ! S5SE ( MORAL RI<TE\SNESS4 ,AS ! PLANET SUFFOCATES1 ! SOLUTION (F]$ BY GRE5 CAPITALISM IS TO CONSUME EV5 MORE1 AS IF WE'RE HONE/LY EXPECT$ TO BELIEVE ?AT ORGANIC MEAT1 HYBRID C>S1 & 5]GY-SAV+ LI<TBULBS >E GO+ TO SAVE US4 ,MO/ PEOPLE SIMPLY CANNOT AF=D ! LUXURY ( APPEAS+ !IR GUILT :IL/ ! 5VIRONM5T IS RAVAG$4 ,& EV5 IF WE SOMEH[ C\LD1 IT W\LDN'T MAKE MU* ( A DIFF]5CE1 GIV5 ?AT ! OV]:ELM+ MAJORITY ( POLLUTION - 9CLUD+ GRE5H\SE GASES - IS EMITT$ ONLY BY A RELATIVELY SMALL GR\P ( CORPORATIONS1 NOT ! SUM ( 9DIVIDUAL CONSUM]S4 ,! GRE5 ECONOMY M>KETS A MILLION DIFF]5T ?+S1 YET EA* ( !M IS ONLY A DIFF]5T V]SION ( ! SAME FUTILE PRODUCT3 ! HOPE ! PLANET CAN BE SAV$ )\T ATTACK+ ! ECONOMY4 

,ALL ! TALK ( 0SU/A9ABILITY0 IS BUT A DI/RACTION FROM QUE/ION+ ! UNQUE/IONABLE1 PA9T+ OV] ?AT :I* IS FUNDAM5TALLY ROTT54 ,:AT'S REALLY BE+ SU/A9$ H]E IS CAPITALISM1 NOT ! PLANET4 ,EV5 AN ALLEG$LY R5EWABLE CAPITALI/ ECONOMY - ONE BAS$1 = EXAMPLE1 ON 9DU/RIAL SOL>1 W9D1 OR TIDAL P[] - W\LD JU/ BE ANO!R MEANS ( P[]+ A SY/EM ?AT1 AT ITS CORE1 IS BO? ANTISOCIAL & ECOCIDAL4 ,ALL ! IDEA (F]S IS A GRE5WA%$ V]SION ( :AT WE ALREADY HAVE3 A MONOPOLY ON 5]GY HELD BY CORPORATIONS & ! /ATE1 RES\RCE-9T5SIVE CONSUMPTION = PRIVILEG$ MEMB]S ( SOCIETY1 & ! 9EVITABLE EXHAU/ION ( :AT LITTLE REMA9S ( ! LIV+ PLANET4 ,MOREOV]1 WE CAN H>DLY BE SURE A %IFT T[>DS R5EWABLES W\LD /OP CLIMATE *ANGE1 EV5 IF MO/ GOV]NM5TS SOMEH[ AGRE$ TO IT4 ,IT'S HI<LY D\BTFUL :E!R ! GLOBAL ECONOMY C\LD BE FUNDAM5TALLY RE/RUCTUR$ 9 TIME TO AV]T CATA/ROPHE4 ,NOR %\LD WE ASSUME ?AT1 COMP>$ ) MA9TA9+ A RELIANCE ON FOSSIL FUELS1 SU* IMM5SE CON/RUCTION EF=TS WON'T ACTUALLY RELEASE SIGNIFICANTLY MORE C>BON EMISSIONS 9 ! %ORT-T]M1 M>R+ \R EF=TS 9 ! DECISIVE YE>S AHEAD ( US4 

,!RE'S NO LIMIT TO ! HOLL[ EXCUSES ! DEF5D]S ( ! EXI/5T WILL ?R[ AT US4 ,BUT N[ IS ! TIME TO BE DONE ) !M1 DECISIVELY P>T+ WAYS ) ! C]TA9TIES ( ?IS WORLD1 :I* N[ADAYS (F] BUT ! C]TA9TY ( EXT9CTION4 ,= BIODIV]SITY TO \TLA/ ! C5TURY1 HUMANITY MU/ D>E TO CALL 9TO QUE/ION ! ECONOMY ITSELF4 ,:I* IS (T5 AN UN?9KABLE TASK1 GIV5 ?AT ! ECONOMY HAS BE5 ! MA9 B5EFICI>Y ( ! RELIGI\S URGE1 EAG]LY SEEK+ NEW =M S9CE ! DEA? ( ,GOD - ! /EADY )DRAWAL ( !ISM AS A /ABILIZ+ MORAL =CE4 ,YET !RE'S NO *ANCE = R$EMPTION H]E4 ,NO AFT]LIFE 9 :I* TO SEEK SALVATION1 NOR ANO!R PLANET TO ESCAPE TO4 ,! ECONOMY NE$S TO BE DE/ROY$4 ,IT HAS TO BE TORN D[N COMPLETELY4 ,OR ELSE IT WILL ONLY >RIVE AT ITS DE/9ATION1 COMPLET+ ITS SUICIDAL DA% = ! CLIFF $GE1 TAK+ EA* ( US ) IT4 

,DE/ROY+ ! ECONOMY ISN'T A MATT] ( =GETT+ AB\T MEET+ \R EV]YDAY MAT]IAL NE$S1 AS IF TO DO AWAY ) ECONOMIC CONSID]ATIONS ALTOGE!R4 ,:AT IT DOES MEAN IS REALIZ+ ?AT ! ECONOMY - ! SUBSUMPTION ( ! TOTALITY ( \R NE$S )9 A S+LE1 MONOLI?IC1 GLOBALIZ$ SY/EM ( PRODUCTION - C\LD NEV] BE SQU>$ ) ! P]SEV]ANCE ( LIFE4 ,LEVEL+ ?IS /RUCTURE IS A PROCESS ( RECLAIM+ ! CONDITIONS ( EXI/5CE1 PIECE BY PIECE1 BY LOCALIZ+ & DEMASSIFY+ !M4 ,IT'S A CALL TO =M COMMUNES AIM$ AT SELF-SUFFICI5CY1 EA* ( !M /RIV+ TO MEET ITS MAT]IAL NE$S - FOOD1 5]GY1 ACCOMMODATION1 & SO ON - :OLLY )9 ! MEANS ( :AT !Y CAN PRODUCE = !MSELVES4 ,:I* IS A POLITICAL UND]TAK+ AS MU* AS AN ECOLOGICAL ONE1 GIV5 ?AT ! AUTONOMY ( ANY COMMUNITY IS SURELY 9SEP>ABLE FROM IT BE+ ! S\RCE ( ITS [N POT5CY1 ITS [N VITALITY4 ,ANY?+ %ORT ( ?AT RISKS ONE ( TWO ?+S3 EI!R DEP5D5CE ON AN EXT]NAL BODY = Y\R MO/ BASIC NE$S1 OR ELSE ! NECESSITY ( \TW>D EXPANSION1 DEF9$ 9 EQUAL P>TS BY IMP]IALISM & ECOCIDE4 

,MORE SPECIFICALLY1 TAK+ AP>T ! ECONOMY IS SYNONYM\S ) DISMANTL+ ! 9/ITUTION ( PRIVATE PROP]TY4 ,COMMUNIZ+ ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION HAS (T5 BE5 RECOGNIZ$ AS ! MAT]IAL BASIS ( HUMAN AUTONOMY1 GIV5 ?AT1 AS LONG AS WE LACK DIRECT ACCESS TO ! RES\RCES NE$$ TO SURVIVE & FL\RI%1 !RE'S NO *OICE BUT TO ACCEPT ! EXPLOITATIVE T]MS ( WORK DICTAT$ BY ! RUL+ CLASS4 ,:AT'S MORE R>ELY RECOGNIZ$1 H[EV]1 IS JU/ H[ RELEVANT ! CRITIQUE ( PROP]TY IS TO ! LIB]ATION ( NONHUMAN LIFE4 ,! DOM9ATION ( ANIMALS & ! L& IS FACILITAT$ PRIM>ILY BY !IR LEGAL /ATUS AS HUMAN PROP]TY1 SOME?+ ?AT CONF]S \R MA/]Y OV] !M4 ,ANIMAL LIB]ATION W\LD BE UN?9KABLE )\T PU%+ BACK ! FRONTI]S ( PROP]TY RELATIONS1 AS WAS ! CASE ) RESI/ANCE TO O!R =MS ( SLAV]Y1 9CLUD+ ! TRANS-,ATLANTIC SLAVE TRADE & MANY TRADITIONAL =MS ( M>RIAGE4 ,E>? LIB]ATION1 MOREOV]1 DESCRIBES ! COMPLETION ( ?IS HI/ORICAL PROGRESSION1 5TAIL+ ! ABOLITION ( PROP]TY ALTOGE!R4 ,!RE'S NO D\BT ?AT US+ ! L& RESPECTFULLY IS COMPATIBLE ) APPRECIAT+ ITS 9TR9SIC VALUE2 BY CONTRA/1 TREAT+ IT AS PROP]TY - ?AT IS1 [N+ IT - NECESS>ILY DECL>ES AN 9F]IOR /ATUS4 ,9 ?IS S5SE1 ANIMAL & E>? LIB]ATION1 F> FROM BE+ EV5 SLI<TLY RECONCILABLE ) CAPITALISM1 BEG9 TO LOOK 9SEP>ABLE FROM ! COMMUNI/ PROJECT4 

,AS F> AS DE/ROY+ ! ECONOMY GOES1 ?\<1 ! /ATE W\LD NEV] ALL[ IT4 ,NOT WILL+LY4 ,TO REF] TO ! /ATE AS DI/9CT FROM ! ECONOMY MI<T WELL BE AN OV]/ATEM5T2 AT ! V]Y LEA/1 ! NE$S ( ! ECONOMY CON/ITUTE ITS SUPREME LAW4 ,EV5 AV[$LY RADICAL POLITICAL P>TIES - SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC ALT]NATIVES TO AU/]ITY1 = EXAMPLE - PURPORT TO S]VE ! ECONOMY EV5 BETT] ?AN ! /ATUS QUO ITSELF4 ,NO DEP>TURE FROM ?IS LOGIC IS CONCEIVABLE )9 ! REALM ( POLITICS4 ,AFT] ALL1 ! PRIM>Y ROLE ( ! /ATE HAS ALWAYS BE5 TO SAFEGU>D ! NE$S ( CAPITAL3 IT WAS AT ! =EFRONT ( ! ASSIMILATION ( ! PEASANTRY 9TO ! 9DU/RIAL PROLET>IAT1 AS WELL AS ! EXPANSION ( M>KET RELATIONS ACROSS ! GLOBE4 ,:AT Y\ SEE N[ADAYS1 MOREOV]1 IS ! RE9V5TION ( ?IS UNION = ! SECUL> AGE3 :IL/ ! /ATE ONCE TASK$ ITSELF ) REPRES5T+ ! DIV9E WILL1 TODAY IT REPRES5TS ! ECONOMY1 M$IAT+ BETWE5 ! MASSES & ?AT :I* IS SACROSANCT1 KEEP+ \R NE$S LOCK$ 9TO ! GR[?-IMP]ATIVE4 ,!RE'S AN 5DUR+ TEMPTATION TO ?9K ?AT /ATE & ECONOMY CAN SOMEH[ BE SEP>AT$ 7MO/ ,M>XI/S FAVOR ?IS APPROA*1 /ILL S]V+ UP :I*EV] REHEAT$ V>IANT ( ! /ATE SOCIALI/ P>ADOX74 ,& YET1 ( ALL ! /UPID IDEAS TRI$ \T 9 ! LONG1 WE>Y HI/ORY ( CIVILIZATION1 FEW HAVE CLAIM$ MORE LIVES ?AN ! ANTI-CAPITALI/ SYMPA?Y = /ATECRAFT4 ,EI!R ! /ATE & ! ECONOMY >E CONFRONT$ AS ONE1 OR NOT AT ALL4 

,TO BR+ IT BACK TO SOCIAL ECOLOGY ) A SIMPLE SUMM>Y1 TAK+ NONHUMAN LIB]ATION S]I\SLY MEANS LIV+ \R LIVES \TSIDE & AGA9/ ! SY/EM ?AT 5GULFS US4 ,! /ATE & CAPITAL CANNOT BE RE=M$ OR COMPROMIS$ )1 BECAUSE !IRS IS A NATURE ?AT IS FUNDAM5TALLY EXTRA-T]RE/RIAL4 ,NOT 9 ! S5SE1 ( C\RSE1 ?AT !Y ORIG9ATE FROM BEYOND ?IS PLANET1 BUT 9/EAD BECAUSE !IR EXI/5CE IS 9H]5TLY 9COMPATIBLE ) ?AT ( ! E>?4 

,! TIME = TIMID CRITIQUES IS OV]4 ,?IS IS ! MOM5T TO MAKE S]I\S PLANS = DES]TION4 ,AT SU* AN UN=GIV+ MOM5T 9 HI/ORY1 !RE CAN BE NO PRET5SIONS ( NEUTRALITY3 WORK+ = ! ECONOMY CAN ONLY MEAN COMPLICITY 9 \R [N ANNIHILATION4 ,?AT LEAVES EA* ( US ) A VITAL *OICE1 ONE BETWE5 COMPLIANCE ) SOCIAL HI]>*Y & ! P]SEV]ANCE ( LIFE ITSELF4 ,SUDD5LY ! PHRASE 0REVOLUTION OR DEA?10 TAGG$ ON A WALL DUR+ ,TRUMP'S 9AUGURATION1 TAKES ON A :OLE NEW MEAN+4 ,!RE Y\ HAVE IT3 REVOLUTION OR DEA?4 

,9T]CONNECTIONS ( OPPRESSION 

,! LA/ SECTION \TL9$ ! ROOTS ( NONHUMAN DOM9ATION 9 HUMAN DOM9ATION1 ACCORD+ TO ! !ORY ( SOCIAL ECOLOGY4 ,YET TO LEAVE IT AT ?AT FAILS TO ACC\NT = ! CONV]SE RELATION%IP1 NAMELY1 ! S5SE 9 :I* HUMAN DOM9ATION IS EQUALLY PR$ICAT$ ON NONHUMAN DOM9ATION4 ,! RELATION%IP BETWE5 ! TWO SPH]ES IS :OLLY RECIPROCAL3 NEI!R PLAYS A MORE 9TEGRAL ROLE 9 ! OV]ALL /RUCTUR+ ( HI]>*Y4 ,:I* IS IMPORTANT TO CL>IFY1 OR ELSE WE RISK SIDEL9+ ! TASK ( NONHUMAN LIB]ATION1 P]HAPS EV5 DEF]R+ IT UNTIL AFT] ! REVOLUTION4 ,?AT W\LD MISS ! PO9T 5TIRELY3 ANIMAL & E>? LIB]ATION CAN'T BE DEALT ) AFT]W>DS1 PRECISELY BECAUSE !IR LIB]ATION IS ! REVOLUTION4 ,TO PRIORITIZE HUMAN LIB]ATION OV] NONHUMAN LIB]ATION 5SURES WE'LL GET NEI!R4 

,?IS HORIZONTAL EMPHASIS IS DI/9CTLY MISS+ = ,BOOK*94 ,ACCORD+ TO HIM1 HI]>*IES BETWE5 HUMANS >OSE FIR/ HI/ORICALLY1 ) HI]>*IES OV] NONHUMANS ONLY LAT] EM]G+ AS A CONSEQU5CE !RE(4 ,) SOME:AT COMICAL IRONY1 !RE=E1 ,BOOK*9 REJECT$ CLASS R$UCTIONISM ONLY TO REPLACE IT ) AN EQUALLY DANG]\S V>IANT3 ! IDEA ?AT ECOLOGICAL PROBLEMS >E A M]E SUBSIDI>Y ( SOCIAL PROBLEMS1 UNWOR?Y ( CONC]N 9 !IR [N RI<T4 ,TO BE FAIR1 ! FACT HE SP5T SO MU* TIME DISCUSS+ ECOLOGY IS ALREADY A CLE> IMPROVEM5T ON ,M>X1 = :OM ! TOPIC WAS PRETTY MU* ABS5T4 ,YET ,BOOK*9 /ILL NEV] TREAT$ NONHUMAN LIB]ATION AS AN 5D 9 ITSELF3 ECOLOGICAL DOM9ATION WAS DESCRIB$ :OLLY 9 T]MS ( ! PROBLEMS IT POSES = HUMANITY1 :IL/ ! DOM9ATION ( ANIMALS WASN'T DISCUSS$ AT ALL4 ,?IS CORRESPOND$ ) A CONSI/5T REFUSAL TO 5GAGE HONE/LY EI!R ) DEEP ECOLOGY OR ANTI-SPECIESISM1 LEAV+ SOCIAL ECOLOGY ) A SUBTLY AN?ROPOC5TRIC 9T]IOR4 ,APP>5TLY \R TREATM5T ( NONHUMANS JU/ WASN'T CONSID]$ A =M ( OPPRESSION 9 ! FIR/ PLACE4 

,BOOK*9 NEV] EV5 CONSID]$ ! POSSIBILITY1 = EXAMPLE1 ?AT SPECIESISM MI<T ACTUALLY HAVE BE5 ! FIR/ HI]>*Y 7C]TA9LY ! FIR/ =M ( PREJUDICE7 TO BECOME 9/ITUTIONALIZ$ 9 MANY PRE-CIVILIZ$ COMMUNITIES MILL5NIA AGO4 ,YET ! PR$ATION ( NONHUMAN ANIMALS WAS SURELY VITAL = EV]YDAY SURVIVAL - = PRODUC+ ?+S LIKE FOOD & CLO?+ - 9 A WAY ?AT O!R =MS ( HI]>*Y1 LIKE ?OSE BAS$ ON G5D] OR AGE1 SIMPLY W]E NOT4 ,9 O!R COMMUNITIES1 ( C\RSE1 WE MI<T WELL SUSPECT ?AT HI]>*IES BETWE5 HUMANS CRY/ALLIZ$ FIR/4 ,BUT ?IS IS EXACTLY ! PO9T3 ! DEVELOPM5T ( HI]>*Y ?R\<\T ! GLOBE WAS SURELY QUITE MESSY1 SOME?+ ?AT UNIV]SALLY /AT+ ! PRIMACY ( HUMAN HI]>*Y GROSSLY OV]SIMPLIFIES4 

,?IS ?READ W>RANTS FOLL[+3 ONCE Y\ BEG9 TO S]I\SLY CONSID] ! HI/ORICAL SIGNIFICANCE ( NONHUMAN DOM9ATION1 \R CAPACITY TO UND]/& ! DOM9ATION ( HUMANS DEEP5S PR(\NDLY4 ,Y\ MI<T EV5 SAY WE'RE (F]$ ! MISS+ PIECE ( ! PUZZLE4 ,ONE ( ! MO/ IMPORTANT CASES TO CONSID] H]E IS ! ADV5T ( CIVILIZATION ITSELF1 NAMELY1 ! 9V5TION ( MASS CULTURE BAS$ >\ND CITIES & AGRICULTURE4 ,?+S W]5'T ALWAYS ?IS WAY3 ( ! R\<LY #b1 YE>S 9 :I* HUMAN BE+S HAVE EXI/$1 ! VA/ MAJORITY W]E LIV$ \T 9 SMALL GR\PS ( NOMADIC GA!R]-HUNT]S ?AT LACK$ ANY NOTIONS ( ! /ATE1 CLASS1 MONEY1 BORD]S1 PRISONS1 LAWS1 OR POLICE4 ,IT WAS ONLY AT >\ND #a1 ,B,C1 9 ,MESOPOTAMIA1 MOD]N DAY ,IRAQ1 ?AT !SE =MS ( LIFE - SOMETIMES DESCRIB$ AS 0PRIMITIVE COMMUNISM0 - BEGAN TO BE SUP]S$$ BY ! ,AGRICULTURAL ,REVOLUTION4 ,AGRICULTURE 9ITIAT$ ! WIDESPREAD CULTIVATION ( CROPS & DOME/ICATION ( NONHUMAN ANIMALS1 G5]AT+ A SURPLUS ( RES\RCES ?AT 5C\RAG$ CITIES TO DEVELOP & HUMAN POPULATIONS TO RISE4 ,H]E WE SEE ! 9V5TION ( MASS PRODUCTION1 IF NOT ! ECONOMY ITSELF1 ALONG ) ! ASC5SION ( ! QUANTITATIVE1 CALCULAT+1 EXPANSIONI/ MODE ( P]CEPTION OV] HUMAN CULTURE1 ! ABILITY TO UND]/& VALUE ONLY 9 T]MS ( ! POT5TIAL = EXPLOITATION4 ,?IS %IFT ALSO PROVOK$ ! DEF9ITIVE EM]G5CE ( ! UGLIE/ FEATURES ( \R BEHAVIOR1 9CLUD+ SLAV]Y1 IMP]IALISM1 & G5OCIDE - (T5 MI/AK5 AS BRUTE \TCOMES ( HUMAN NATURE4 ,TO CLAIM ?AT CIVILIZATION GAVE RISE TO HI]>*Y ITSELF MI<T BE AN OV]/ATEM5T1 GIV5 ?AT RUDIM5T>Y HI]>*IES SEEM TO EXI/ AMONG SOME 7AL?\< BY NO MEANS ALL7 NON-CIVILIZ$ PEOPLES /ILL SCATT]$ >\ND ! GLOBE TODAY4 ,:AT CIVILIZATION DID MEAN1 H[EV]1 WAS ! 9T5SIFICATION ( HI]>*Y BEYOND ALL COMPREH5SION1 ALL[+ IT TO GR[ MORE VIOL5T1 OV]BE>+1 & 9/ITUTIONALIZ$ ?AN HAD EV] BE5 EV5 REMOTELY POSSIBLE4 ,IT WAS ?US ) GOOD REASON ?AT ,FR$Y ,P]LMAN1 FOLL[+ ,?OMAS ,HOBBES1 DESCRIB$ ?IS >TIFICIAL BEA/ AS 0,LEVIA?AN40 

,:AT NE$S TO BE EMPHASIZ$ IS JU/ H[ DEEPLY !SE CULTURAL *ANGES W]E ROOT$ 9 ! DOM9ATION ( NONHUMANS4 ,AS ( YET1 NON-CIVILIZ$ PEOPLES (F] SOME ( ! FEW EXAMPLES ( G5U9ELY SU/A9ABLE1 ECOLOGICALLY H>MONI\S HUMAN COMMUNITIES2 ! ,AGRICULTURAL ,REVOLUTION1 BY CONTRA/1 CAN BE SUMM>IZ$ MA9LY 9 T]MS ( ! R$EF9ITION ( HUMAN NE$S 9 OPPOSITION TO ?OSE ( ! WILD4 ,NO LONG] WAS ! WORLD CONCEIV$ ( AS AN UNDIVID$ :OLE1 BUT 9/EAD AS SOME?+ TO BE C>V$ UP & EXPLOIT$4 ,! L& WAS ALT]$ DRAMATICALLY1 DRIV5 T[>DS SATISFY+ ! NE$S ( ONE SPECIES AMONG BILLIONS2 WILD ANIMALS1 MEAN:ILE1 W]E CONF9$1 TORTUR$1 & G5ETICALLY ALT]$ BEYOND RECOGNITION4 ,NATURE H]SELF1 ONCE UND]/OOD AS ! MO!R ( US ALL1 WAS BETRAY$ & DEGRAD$1 RECA/ 9/EAD AS SOME?+ DIRTY & EVIL4 ,:IL/ EV]Y?+ ,LEVIA?AN T\*$ SOON TURN$ TO DU/3 ! ONCE V]DANT1 ECOLOGICALLY DIV]SE L&SCAPES ( ,MESOPOTAMIA1 ! ,LEVANT1 ,NOR? ,AFRICA1 & ,GREECE W]E TRANS=M$ L>GELY 9TO DES]TS BY A COMB9ATION ( MONOCROPP+1 CATTLE GRAZ+1 & LOGG+1 NEV] AGA9 TO RETURN TO !IR =M] /ATE ( UNTAM$ ABUNDANCE4 

,! 9T]PLAY BETWE5 NONHUMAN & HUMAN DOM9ATION ALSO OCCURR$ 9 A NUMB] ( EV5 MORE DIRECT WAYS4 ,H]DS ( LIVE/OCK1 AS WELL AS SURPLUSES ( /OR$ GRA91 W]E LIKELY ! FIR/ 9/ANCES BO? ( CAPITAL & PRIVATE PROP]TY4 ,! DEVELOPM5T ( AGRICULTURE SAW ! DIVISION ( LABOR 9T5SIFY AS WELL1 ) ?OSE :O [N$ NATURAL RES\RCES =M+ ! ORIG9AL RUL+ CLASS1 & ?OSE :O WORK$ !M - N[ DISPOSSESS$ ( ! MEANS ( G5]AT+ !IR [N N\RI%M5T - =M+ ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,! 9V5TION ( ! /ATE SIMULTANE\SLY BECAME NECESS>Y TO 5=CE ?IS DI/9CTION BETWE5 9CLUD$ & EXCLUD$4 ,MOREOV]1 IT'S SURELY NO CO9CID5CE ?AT ! REGION ( ,SUM]1 ,MESOPOTAMIA1 SAW NOT ONLY ! 9V5TION ( WIDESPREAD ANIMAL DOME/ICATION1 BUT ALSO ! E>LIE/ KN[N 9/ANCES ( HUMAN SLAV]Y2 PRESUMABLY ! =M] NORMALIZ$ PRACTICES SU* AS CONF9EM5T & =C$ LABOR1 5ABL+ !M TO BE APPLI$ MORE EASILY TO M>G9ALIZ$ HUMAN GR\PS1 ESPECIALLY DEFEAT$ =EIGN]S4 ,! EXPANSION ( ,LEVIA?AN 9TO NEW >EAS W\LD ALSO HAVE BE5 UN?9KABLE )\T ! SURPLUS ( FOOD & RIS+ POPULATIONS G5]AT$ BY AGRICULTURE4 ,JU/ AS ?OSE CIVILIZATIONS MO/ ADEPT AT ANIMAL DOME/ICATION1 P>TICUL>LY 9 S]VICE ( W>F>E & TRANSPORTATION1 POSSESS$ ! MILIT>Y $GE NECESS>Y TO SUBDUE !SE >EAS MO/ EFFECTIVELY4 

,A SIMIL> /ORY HAS PLAY$ \T ?R\<\T HI/ORY1 ESPECIALLY ) RESPECT TO ! PRACTICE ( COLONIALISM4 ,SOME ( ! MO/ DEF9ITIVE EXAMPLES H]E W]E SIGNIFICANTLY ROOT$ 9 ! DOM9ATION ( ANIMALS & ! L&4 ,! EXT]M9ATION ( ,NATIVE ,AM]ICAN ,9DIANS 9 ,NOR? ,AM]ICA1 = EXAMPLE1 WAS L>GELY BAS$ 9 AN 9T]E/ 9 EXP&+ ! 9T]NATIONAL TRADE ( LEA!R1 WOOL1 & FUR4 ,! ,MEXICAN-,AM]ICAN ,W> WAS SIGNIFICANTLY MOTIVAT$ BY ! PR(ITABILITY ( ACQUIR+ GRAZ+ L& = CATTLE1 AS ) ! ,BRITI% COLONIZATION ( ,IREL& OV] ! C5TURIES4 ,9 FACT1 ?IS !ME IS NO LESS NOTICEABLE TODAY2 JU/ LOOK AT ! REC5T ATTEMPT BY ,%ELL TO SUBDUE ! ,OGONI PEOPLE ( ,NIG]IA1 OR ! CON/RUCTION ( ! ,DAKOTA ,ACCESS ,PIPEL9E ?R\< ,/&+ ,ROCK - BO? PROJECTS ( ! OIL 9DU/RY4 ,SOME?+ SIMIL> CAN BE SAID AB\T ! CREEP+ G5OCIDES CURR5TLY OCCURR+ 9 ,WE/ ,PAPUA & ! ,AMAZON1 MOTIVAT$ AS !Y >E MA9LY BY AN 9T]E/ 9 EXTRACT+ NATURAL RES\RCES4 ,! HI/ORY ( COLONIALISM1 9 %ORT1 HAS ALWAYS 9TIMATELY COMB9$ ! SUBJUGATION ( HUMANS1 ANIMALS1 & ! E>?4 

,! KEY CONCEPTUAL L9KS BETWE5 HUMAN & NONHUMAN DOM9ATION %\LD ALSO BE EMPHASIZ$4 ,EC(EM9I/S HAVE LONG S9CE NOTIC$ ?AT PATRI>*Y IS SIGNIFICANTLY ROOT$ 9 A DISDA9 = ! NATURAL WORLD1 ESPECIALLY ! ATTEMPT TO *>ACT]IZE WOM5 AS BE+ IRRATIONAL1 & !REBY SOMEH[ LESS HUMAN ?AN M54 ,! SAME CAN BE SAID ( :ITE SUPREMACY1 GIV5 ?AT IT T5DS TO TREAT NON-:ITES 7ESPECIALLY NON-CIVILIZ$ PEOPLES7 AS BE+ IRRATIONAL1 WILD1 OR SAVAGE1 & !REBY ( LESS] MORAL /ATUS4 ,! MORAL EXCLUSION ( V>I\S MEMB]S ( ! HUMAN RACE - WOM51 NON-:ITES1 ! DISABL$1 & SO ON - HAS ALWAYS BE5 TI<TLY B\ND UP ) !IR DEHUMANIZATION4 

,Y\ CAN TRACE SU* ASSOCIATIONS BACK AS F> AS Y\ LIKE4 ,9 ! ,WE/1 AN?ROPOC5TRISM PROBABLY F9DS ITS MO/ 9FLU5TIAL EXPRESSION 9 :AT M$IEVAL ,*RI/IAN !OLOGIANS1 FOLL[+ ,PLATO & ,>I/OTLE1 T]M$ ! 0,GREAT ,*A9 ( ,BE+40 ,?IS CATEGORIZ$ ! 5TIRETY ( ! UNIV]SE 9 HI]>*ICAL T]MS1 ) EA* ASPECT ( BE+ SUPPOS$LY EXI/+ = ! SAKE ( ITS MA/]4 ,! *A9 LEADS D[N ALONG A SCALE ( LESS] P]FECTION1 />T+ ) ,GOD1 !N GO+ ?R\< ANGELS1 K+S1 LORDS1 S]FS1 ANIMALS1 PLANTS1 & 5D+ ) 9ANIMATE MATT]4 ,?IS S*EME WAS DECISIVE 9 LEGITIMIZ+ ! MIS]Y WR\<T BY ! FEUDAL SY/EM2 NO LESS1 ! V]Y F\NDATION ( ! /RUCTURE WAS HUMAN SUPREMACY1 DIV9ELY ORDA9$ 9 ONE & ! SAME MOVEM5T4 

,MAKE NO MI/AKE3 AN?ROPOC5TRISM HAS PLAY$ AN 9TEGRAL P>T 9 SOME ( ! D>KE/ MOM5TS ( HUMAN HI/ORY1 EV5 JU/ 9 REC5T MEMORY4 ,9 #a#i#d#c1 = EXAMPLE1 ,W9/ON ,*UR*ILL ATTEMPT$ TO JU/IFY A FAM9E 9 ,B5GAL - :OLLY AVOIDABLE1 YET KILL+ MILLIONS - BY BLAM+ IT ON LOCALS = 0BRE$+ LIKE RABBITS40 ,PRIOR TO ! ,RW&AN G5OCIDE1 #a#i#i#d1 ,LEON ,MUGES]A US$ A DECISIVE SPEE* TO *>ACT]IZE ! ,TUTSIS AS 0COCKROA*ES0 LIABLE = EXT]M9ATION4 ,9 #b#a#e1 AS REFUGEES FLEE+ W> F\ND !MSELVES MET ) ! GUNS & B>B$ WIRE ( \R PR\D CIVILIZATION1 ,DAVID ,CAM]ON DESCRIB$ AS 0SW>MS0 ?OSE DR[N+ 9 ! ,M$IT]RANEAN4 ,JU/ AS ,DONALD ,TRUMP1 9 #b#a#h1 ATTEMPT$ TO RATIONALIZE ! BRUTALIZATION ( MIGRANTS AT ! ,U,S BORD] ON ! BASIS ?AT 0!SE >5'T PEOPLE1 !Y'RE ANIMALS40 ,?IS K9D ( LANGUAGE - SPECIESI/ AT ITS CORE - IS SO (T5 LURK+ B5EA? ! OPPRESSION ( HUMAN GR\PS4 ,AL?\<1 TO (F] A F9AL EXAMPLE1 ITS P]FECTION WAS SURELY ATTA9$ ONLY 9 ! =M ( ,NAZI EUG5ICS1 C]TA9LY 9 T]MS ( ! RIGOR\S =MALIZATION ( SU* ASSOCIATIONS BO? 9 SCI5CE & 9 LAW4 ,9 ?IS CASE1 ! P]SECUTION & MASS MURD] ( ,JEWS1 ,SLAVS1 ,ROMA1 HOMOSEXUALS1 & ! DISABL$ WAS BAS$ ON !IR CLASSIFICATION AS LIT]AL SUBHUMANS2 ! LOGIC 9T]NAL TO ! ,HOLOCAU/1 9 O!R WORDS1 WAS MAJORLY F\ND$ UPON A SPECIESI/ BASE4 ,9 SO MANY CASES1 COMMITT+ ATROCITIES AGA9/ HUMAN GR\PS MEANS TAK+ = GRANT$ ! /ATUS ( NONHUMANS AS ! L[E/ ( ! L[4 ,ONLY BY FIR/ ATTACK+ ! MO/ VULN]ABLE AMONG US DO OPPRESSIVE PRACTICES GA9 ! BREA?+ SPACE NECESS>Y TO EXP&4 

,9 SUM1 NO AXIS ( DOM9ATION CAN BE PASS$ (F AS SECOND>Y COMP>$ TO ! O!RS4 ,EV5 IF WE'RE A LONG WAY FROM UND]/&+ H[ ALL ! P>TS FIT TOGE!R1 :AT %\LD BE CLE> IS ?AT NEI!R CLASS1 NOR HUMAN RELATIONS 9 G5]AL1 >E SOMEH[ PRIM>Y )9 ! IMM5SE TANGLE ( HI]>*IES WE 9HABIT TODAY4 ,9 ESS5CE1 !RE'S ONLY ONE VICTIM :5 IT COMES TO ! HORROR WR\<T BY ! SY/EM3 LIFE ITSELF4 ,:E!R IT'S A QUE/ION ( ! SUICIDE NETT+ SURR\ND+ I,PHONE FACTORIES1 ! FUTILE PANIC ( ANIMALS 9 ! VIVISECTION LAB1 OR ! DEA?LY SIL5CE ( A CLE>-CUT =E/1 ANY REALLY SUBV]SIVE DISC\RSE 5DS UP PUTT+ EV]Y?+ 9TO QUE/ION4 

,A TOTAL LIB]ATION E?IC 

,MAY #a#c1 #a#i#h#e1 ,WE/ ,PHILADELPHIA4 ,! ,PHILADELPHIA ,POLICE ,=CE LAUN* A DAWN RAID ON A SUBURBAN H\SE1 BUT CLE>LY ! OCCUPANTS HAVE NO 9T5TION TO LEAVE4 ,OV] ! C\RSE ( ! MORN+1 AB\T #e COPS FIRE OV] #a1 R\NDS ( AMMUNITION AT ! H\SE1 COMB9$ ) 5DLESS VOLLEYS ( TE> GAS & EV5 ANTI-TANK R\NDS4 ,! OCCUPANTS HOLD \T ALL ! WAY 9TO ! AFT]NOON1 AT :I* PO9T ! /ATE MAKES ! DECISION TO BOMB !M ) A MILIT>Y HELICOPT]4 ,F\R P\NDS ( PLA/IC EXPLOSIVES >E DROPP$ ONTO ! RO(1 :I* SOON RESULTS 9 A VICI\S BLAZE1 YET ! POLICE COMMISSION] ORD]S ! FIRE DEP>TM5T TO KEEP WELL AWAY4 ,! H\SE BURNS D[N1 ALONG ) #fe O!RS 9 ! 7PR$OM9ANTLY BLACK7 NEI<BORHOOD4 ,ONLY TWO ( ! OCCUPANTS SURVIVE1 ) ELEV5 ( !M - 9CLUD+ FIVE *ILDR5 - FAIL+ TO \TLA/ ! DAY4 

,?OSE DEF5D+ ! H\SE W]E A GR\P CALL$ ,M,O,V,E4 ,=M$ 9 #a#i#g#b1 ,M,O,V,E W]E DEF9$ BY !IR COMB9ATION ( BLACK LIB]ATION & >M$ /RUGGLE ) VEGANISM & DEEP ECOLOGY4 ,! GR\P ALSO BALANC$ A FOCUS ON 9DIVIDUAL CAMPAIGNS1 SU* AS ?OSE AGA9/ LOCAL ZOOS & POLICE BRUTALITY1 ) A BROAD] EMPHASIS ON BUILD+ COMMUNITY AUTONOMY4 ,! /ATEM5TS ?AT \TLIVE ITS F\ND]1 ,JOHN ,AFRICA1 SPEAK = !MSELVES1 AS ) HIS CLAIM ?AT 0,REVOLUTION MEANS TOTAL *ANGE1 A COMPLETE DISSOCIATION FROM EV]Y?+ ?AT IS CAUS+ ! PROBLEMS Y\ >E REVOLT+ AGA9/10 AS WELL AS ! GR\P'S ASS]TION ?AT !Y W]E FI<T+ = 0A REVOLUTION TO /OP MAN'S SY/EM FROM IMPOS+ ON LIFE1 TO /OP 9DU/RY FROM POISON+ ! AIR1 WAT]1 & SOIL & TO PUT AN 5D TO ! 5SLAVEM5T ( ALL LIFE40 ,AFRICA HAPP5$ UPON BIOC5TRISM1 TOO1 EV5 BE=E ,NAESS HAD WRITT5 ON ! TOPIC1 AS IS CONFIRM$ BY HIS CLAIM ?AT 0,ALL LIV+ BE+S1 ?+S ?AT MOVE1 >E EQUALLY IMPORTANT1 :E!R !Y >E HUMAN BE+S1 DOGS1 BIRDS1 FI%1 TREES1 ANTS1 WE$S1 RIV]S1 W9D OR RA940 ,9 ! HI/ORY ( SOCIAL /RUGGLE 9 ! ,WE/1 ,M,O,V,E W]E P]HAPS ! FIR/ TO COMMIT 9 EQUAL P>TS TO ! LIB]ATION ( HUMANS1 ANIMALS1 & ! E>?4 

,DESPITE BE+ L>GELY CRU%$ BY ! /ATE1 REV]B]ATIONS ( ,M,O,V,E'S /RUGGLE HAVE BE5 PICK$ UP H]E & !RE1 GA9+ PACE4 ,A COMP>ABLE E?IC SURFAC$ AMONG ! ,ZAPATI/A ,NATIONAL ,LIB]ATION ,>MY1 A GR\P COMPRIS$ MA9LY ( 9DIG5\S ,MAYA FI<T+ = L& RI<TS4 ,ON ,JANU>Y #a1 #a#i#i#d1 ! ,ZAPATI/AS DECL>$ W> ON ! ,MEXICAN /ATE1 ON ! V]Y DAY ! ,NOR? ,AM]ICAN ,FREE ,TRADE ,AGREEM5T CAME 9TO =CE4 ,!Y SEIZ$ L>GE >EAS ( ! /ATE ( ,*IAPAS1 9CLUD+ ! KEY CITY ( ,SAN ,CRI/OBAL DE ,LAS ,CASAS1 IMM$IATELY COLLECTIVIZ+ ! L&4 ,DESPITE EV5TUALLY BE+ =C$ 9TO RETREAT BY ! ,MEXICAN >MY1 ! REBELS W]E ABLE TO HOLD UP 9 ! M\NTA9S1 CONSOLIDAT+ CONTROL OV] MANY ( !IR [N RURAL COMMUNITIES4 ,TO ?IS DAY1 ! AUTONOMY C>V$ \T BY ! ,ZAPATI/AS AMID ! ,LAC&ON ,JUNGLE HAS BE5 SUCCESSFULLY MA9TA9$1 DESPITE NUM]\S 9CURSIONS AT ! H&S ( ! /ATE4 ,:I* REMA9S AN ECOLOGICAL /RUGGLE AS MU* AS ANY?+3 FROM ! \TSET1 ! ,ZAPATI/AS EMPHASIZ$ ?AT !IR [N LIB]ATION AS 9DIG5\S PEOPLE WAS ONE & ! SAME ) ! LIB]ATION ( ! L&4 

,! FRONT OP5$ UP BY ! ,ZAPATI/AS WAS >GUABLY BUT ONE 9 A MU* L>G] /RUGGLE1 NAMELY1 ! ANTI-GLOBALIZATION MOVEM5T4 ,PEAK+ 9 9T5SITY >\ND ! TURN ( ! C5TURY1 ?IS WORLDWIDE /RUGGLE SAW DIV]SE P>TICIPANTS - WORK]S1 /UD5TS1 9DIG5\S PEOPLES1 RADICAL 5VIRONM5TALI/S1 ANIMAL RI<TS ACTIVI/S - UNITE >\ND A %>$ 9T]E/ 9 OPPOS+ ! EXPANSION ( GLOBAL F9ANCE4 ,! 9T]NATIONAL SUMMITS ( ORGANIZATIONS SU* AS ! ,G#h & ! ,WORLD ,TRADE ,ORGANIZATION W]E ! OBVI\S T>GETS1 ) SOME ( ! MO/ SPECTACUL> FLA%PO9TS 9CLUD+ ,SEATTLE #a#i#i#i1 ,PRAGUE #b1 & ,G5OA #b#a4 ,9 MANY CASES1 MOREOV]1 SUP]FICIAL CRITIQUES ( GLOBALIZATION & IMP]IALISM DEEP5$ 9TO RESOLUTE REJECTIONS ( CAPITALISM ALTOGE!R1 EV5 IF A FREQU5T \TCOME WAS AN 9EBRIAT$ EXPECTATION ( SOME IMM95T WORLD REVOLUTION4 ,& :IL/ ! ANTI-GLOBALIZATION MOVEM5T IS N[ L>GELY BEH9D US1 IT CONT9UES TO (F] A LEGACY FOCUS$ >\ND A GR& CONV]G5CE ( /RUGGLES1 SOME?+ VITAL = TAK+ ?+S =W>D4 

,! '#iS ALSO SAW ,E>? ,FIR/6 MOVE T[>DS A /EADFA/ REJECTION ( ALL OPPRESSIONS1 DROPP+ ! MA*ISMO & PATRIOTISM ?AT HAD BE5 PRES5T 9 SOME ( ! E>LI] DAYS4 ,SU* A BROAD5+ 9 EMPHASIS WAS P>TICUL>LY EVID5T 9 ! WRIT+S & ACTIVISM ( ,U,S MEMB] ,JUDI ,B>I1 :O PLAC$ SIGNIFICANT EMPHASIS ON ! NE$ = ,E>? ,FIR/6 TO REA* \T TO ! WORK+ CLASS1 9CLUD+ TIMB] WORK]S4 ,?IS M>K$ ! >RIVAL AT A DI/9CTLY REVOLUTION>Y TAKE ON ECO-DEF5SE1 ONE 9=M$ BY SOCIAL ECOLOGY AS MU* AS DEEP ECOLOGY4 

,>\ND ! SAME TIME1 ! ,A,L,F & ,E,L,F ALSO BEGAN WORK+ EV] MORE CLOSELY TOGE!R1 ) ! TWO MOVEM5TS BECOM+ 9DI/+UI%ABLE 9 MANY C\NTRIES4 ,! SAME ACTIVI/S W\LD (T5 P>TICIPATE 9 BO? FRONTS1 M]ELY SWAPP+ BANN]S TO SUIT ! SPECIFICS ( AN ACTION1 :IL/ !IR ABOVEGR\ND NETWORKS M+L$ GREATLY4 ,NOT ONLY ?AT1 ! COMMUNIQUES PUBLI%$ BY V>I\S CELLS BEGAN MAK+ 9CREAS$ REF]5CE TO ! /ATE & CAPITAL1 CONFIRM+ A FOCUS ?AT HAD %IFT$ FROM T>GETT+ SPECIFIC 9DU/RIES T[>DS ATTACK+ ! SY/EM AS A :OLE4 ,ONE COMMUNIQUE1 PUBLI%$ DUR+ ! BEG9N+ ( ,E,L,F ACTIVITY 9 ! ,U,S1 REMA9S ESPECIALLY MEMORABLE3 

,WELCOME TO ! /RUGGLE ( ALL SPECIES TO BE FREE4 ,WE >E ! BURN+ RAGE ( ?IS DY+ PLANET4 ,! W> ( GRE$ RAVAGES ! E>? & SPECIES DIE \T EV]Y DAY4 ,E,L,F WORKS TO SPE$ UP ! COLLAPSE ( 9DU/RY1 TO SC>E ! RI*1 & TO UND]M9E ! F\NDATIONS ( ! /ATE4 ,WE EMBRACE SOCIAL & DEEP ECOLOGY AS A PRACTICAL RESI/ANCE MOVEM5T4 7,BELTANE1 #a#i#i#g7 

,DIV]SE ?\< !Y >E1 !SE DEVELOPM5TS HELP EXPLA9 SOME?+ QUITE /RIK+3 AT SOME PO9T DUR+ ! LA/ C\PLE ( DECADES1 V>I\S RADICAL ANIMAL RI<TS & 5VIRONM5TAL ACTIVI/S COMMITT$ TO EXCE$+ S+LE-ISSUE CAMPAIGN+ 9 FAVOR ( A HOLI/IC1 REVOLUTION>Y /RUGGLE AGA9/ ALL =MS ( HI]>*Y4 ,AS ,/EVE ,BE/ PUTS IT1 0IT IS IMP]ATIVE ?AT WE NO LONG] SPEAK ( HUMAN LIB]ATION1 ANIMAL LIB]ATION1 OR E>? LIB]ATION AS IF !Y W]E 9DEP5D5T /RUGGLES1 BUT RA!R ?AT WE TALK 9/EAD ( TOTAL LIB]ATION0 7,! ,POLITICS ( ,TOTAL ,LIB]ATION1 #b#a#d74 ,NO 9/ANCE ( OPPRESSION CAN BE UND]/OOD 9 SEP>ATION FROM ! :OLE3 DIFF]5T HI]>*IES 9T]ACT ) ONE ANO!R PR(\NDLY1 FACILITAT+ ! DOM9ATION ( ONE GR\P - HUMAN OR NONHUMAN - 9 VIRTUE ( ! DOM9ATION ( ALL O!RS4 ,& SO1 TOO1 ALL G5U9E LIB]ATION /RUGGLES MU/ RECOGNIZE ?AT1 F> FROM HAV+ DISCONNECT$ GOALS1 EA* ( !M DEP5DS ON ! SUCCESS ( ! O!R4 

,EV5 ?\< SPECIFIC CIRCUM/ANCES 9EVITABLY CON/RA9 :AT WE CAN DO AS 9DIVIDUALS1 SU* EF=TS MU/ BE SITUAT$ )9 A %>$ PROJECT ?AT GREATLY EXCE$S \R ISOLATION4 ,?AT MEANS LE>N+ H[ TO REA* \T BEYOND ! CURR5T MILIEU 9 MEAN+FUL WAYS2 IT ALSO MEANS IMPROV+ \R [N PRACTICES TO MAKE IT POSSIBLE = \TSID]S TO REA* BACK4 ,! PO9T ISN'T TO SUBSUME ! /RUGGLE 9TO A S+LE ORGANIZATION1 A S+LE ID5TITY1 BUT 9/EAD TO 9CREASE ! D5SITY ( TIES BETWE5 ITS V>I\S FRONTS1 N\RI%+ ! /RATEGIC ALLIANCES & NETWORKS ( MUTUAL AID NECESS>Y TO LEAVE ! COMMON 5EMY 9 RU9S4 

,!RE CAN BE NO QUICK FIXES H]E4 ,NO UTOPIAS1 P]HAPS NO CULM9ATIONS AT ALL4 ,TRU? BE TOLD1 NONE ( US >E LIKELY TO WITNESS A TOTALLY LIB]AT$ WORLD - ?AT IS1 A PLANET 5TIRELY FREE ( HI]>*Y4 ,NOR CAN WE BE SURE1 FROM ! CURR5T /&PO9T1 IF SU* A ?+ IS EV5 POSSIBLE4 ,!RE'S NO KN[+ :AT1 IF ANY?+1 IS AT ! TOP ( ! HILL2 ! BEAUTY ( ! /RUGGLE1 H[EV]1 IS REALIZ$ 9 ! V]Y ACT ( CLIMB+4 ,TOTAL LIB]ATION ISN'T M]ELY A DE/9ATION1 AS IF TO SEP>ATE ! 5D GOAL FROM H[ WE LIVE \R LIVES 9 ! PRES5T4 ,NO1 TOTAL LIB]ATION IS AN IMM$IATE PROCESS4 ,IT'S ! PROCESS ( CONFRONT+ P[] NOT AS SOME?+ DISCONNECT$1 BUT 9/EAD AS A TOTALITY4 ,IT'S ONE'S REFUSAL TO CONDONE ANY NOTIONS ( A F9AL FRONTI] - NOT N[1 NOT EV]4 ,IF ANY?+ ABSOLUTE CAN BE KN[N AB\T SU* A /RUGGLE1 IT'S ?AT IT NEV] 5DS4 ,BUT ASK NOT :AT TOTAL LIB]ATION CAN DO = US 9 A HUNDR$ YE>S3 ! PO9T IS TO REALIZE ITS FULL 9T5SITY ALREADY N[4 

,IT SEEMS EV]Y G5]ATION ?9KS !IRS WILL BE ! MO/ REM>KABLE1 YET \RS MI<T JU/ BE ! FIR/ ?AT TURNS \T TO BE RI<T4 ,TO SAY ?IS C5TURY IS ! MO/ CRUCIAL \R SPECIES HAS EV] FAC$ IS ACTUALLY AN UND]/ATEM5T3 WE'RE DEAL+ ) ! MO/ SIGNIFICANT CRISIS LIFE 9 G5]AL HAS FAC$1 EV5 AMID BILLIONS ( YE>S ( EVOLUTION4 ,WE'VE 5T]$ ! SIX? P]IOD ( GLOBAL EXT9CTION1 ?IS ONE ! FIR/ CAUS$ BY A S+LE SPECIES ( ANIMAL4 ,! RATE ( EXT9CTION AMONG PLANTS & ANIMALS IS AT LEA/ #a1 TIMES FA/] ?AN BE=E \R >RIVAL ON ! SC5E4 ,! VA/ MAJORITY ( WILD ANIMALS HAVE ALREADY BE5 KILL$ (F4 ,& ?AT 9CLUDES #i.0 ( L>GE FI% VANI%+ FROM ! OCEANS4 ,FROM ! AIR WE BREA!1 TO ! WAT] WE DR9K - FROM ! HI<E/ M\NTA9 PEAK1 TO ! DEEPE/ ( OCEAN TR5*ES - ! FIL? ( ?IS CIVILIZATION P]VADES IT ALL4 ,TO BE CLE>1 ! APOCALYPSE ISN'T SOME?+ =ETOLD BY A PR$ICTION3 IT IS ALREADY H]E4 

,DEA?1 ( C\RSE1 IS FUNDAM5TAL TO ECOLOGICAL WELLBE+1 BECAUSE LIFE C\LD NEV] BE SU/A9$ )\T DE/RUCTION & R5EWAL4 ,YET ! K9D ( DEA? ! SY/EM BR+S ISN'T 9 ! SLI<TE/ A MATT] ( BALANCE1 BUT 9/EAD SIMPLY ( WIP+ \T4 ,SOCIAL HI]>*Y IS FUNDAM5TALLY AT ODDS ) ! V]Y BASICS ( ORGANIC DEVELOPM5T1 9CLUD+ DIV]SITY1 SPONTANEITY1 & DEC5TRALIZATION4 ,!RE'S NO LONG] ANY D\BT ?AT ! SY/EM WILL CRA%1 & H>D4 ,! IMPORTANT ?+ LEFT TO CONSID] IS M]ELY H[ BE/ TO SPE$ UP ! PROCESS1 M9IMIZ+ ! SUFF]+ YET TO BE WR\<T1 MAXIMIZ+ ! POT5TIAL = LIFE TO REG5]ATE \TSIDE ?IS UNFA?OMABLE MESS4 

,NO COMPROMISE ) ! SY/EM ( DEA?4 ,TOXIC WA/E CANNOT BE MADE NUTRITI\S1 NOR CAN !IR IDEA ( LIFE BE MADE LIVABLE4 ,\R REVOLUTION>Y TASK CAN ONLY BE ! CREATION ( \R [N WORLDS1 DE/ROY+ !IRS 9 ! PROCESS4 ,?IS IS EXACTLY ! HI/ORICAL MOM5T WE W]E BORN TO 9HABIT3 ! APOCALYPSE IS ALREADY H]E1 YET ! EXT5T TO :I* IT DEEP5S IS QUITE ! OP5 QUE/ION4 ,ANYONE :O LI/5S C>EFULLY CAN HE> ! CALL4 

O ,*APT] #d 3 ,PUTT+ 9TO PRACTICE 
#d3 ,PUTT+ 9TO PRACTICE 

,! LIMITS ( ACTIVISM 

,:AT WE HAVE SO F> IS A VISION ( TOTAL LIB]ATION4 ,AS ( YET1 H[EV]1 IT CAN ONLY BE ADMITT$ ?AT ?IS VISION REMA9S BY & L>GE A FANTASY4 ,?R\<\T ,! ,POLITICS ( ,TOTAL ,LIB]ATION1 ,BE/ SPEAKS ( ! NE$ = 0RADICAL1 SY/EMIC1 & COMPREH5SIVE SOCIAL *ANGES1 ( A =MIDABLE REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T AGA9/ OPPRESSIVE GLOBAL CAPITALISM & HI]>*ICAL DOM9ATION ( ALL K9DS40 ,?IS CLE>LY DESCRIBES ! /RUGGLE ?AT RESONATES SO DEEPLY AMONG MANY ( ?OSE COMMITT$ TO ANIMAL & E>? LIB]ATION4 ,IT CONFIRMS ?AT TOTAL LIB]ATION MU/ BE REVOLUTION>Y 9 ORD] TO GA9 SUB/ANCE AT ALL4 ,BUT1 !N AGA91 WE S]I\SLY HAVE TO ASK3 DOES ! CURR5T TRAJECTORY ( TOTAL LIB]ATION ACTIVISM - CONTA9$ AS IT IS PRIM>ILY )9 ! T]RA9 ( ACTIVI/ CAMPAIGN+ - JU/IFY SPEAK+ 9 SU* T]MS8 ,! ANSW] TO ?IS QUE/ION IS SURPRIS+LY OBVI\S1 GIV5 H[ R>ELY IT'S ADMITT$3 WE >E NOT A REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T4 ,= SU* AMBITI\S RHETORIC1 \R /RATEGY LEAVES A LOT TO BE DESIR$2 ! /ATE & CAPITAL >5'T GO+ TO FALL ANY TIME SOON1 LEA/ ( ALL FROM \R EF=TS4 

,IT'S NOT AS IF TOTAL LIB]ATION HAS NO REVOLUTION>Y CONT5T - :AT WAS SAID 9 ! PREVI\S *APT] CONT5DS ?AT IT C]TA9LY DOES4 ,YET ?IS COMPON5T REF]S MA9LY TO SOME?+ AB/RACT & 9TANGIBLE1 RA!R ?AN ANY?+ SIGNIFICANTLY MANIFE/ 9 REALITY4 ,WRIT+ FROM BEH9D B>S RA!R ?AN ! COM=T ( ACADEMIA1 ,A,L,F PRISON] ( W> ,WALT] ,BOND (F]S AN HONE/ ASSESSM5T3 

,9 MY E/IMATION ,TOTAL ,LIB]ATION %\LD BE MAK+ /EPS TO UNITE V>I\S /RUGGLES 9 ! REAL WORLD AGA9/ ! COMMON LEVIA?AN ( GOV]NM5T & T[>DS ! REALITY ( FREE COMMUNITIES4 ,UN=TUNATELY1 ,I DON'T SEE MU* GRASSROOTS ORGANIZATION >\ND ,TOTAL ,LIB4 ,IT REMA9S1 ?US F>1 9 ! WORLD ( IDEAS1 ( SALUTATIONS ( SOLID>ITY4 7,9T]VIEW ) ,PR(ANE ,EXI/5CE1 #b#a#c7 

,ADDRESS+ ?IS %ORTCOM+ IS ESS5TIAL = MOV+ =W>D4 ,BUT IT CAN ALSO BE AN UNCOM=TABLE PO9T1 GIV5 ?AT IT MEANS QUE/ION+ ! V]Y BASIS ( TOTAL LIB]ATION AS IT CURR5TLY EXI/S1 NAMELY1 ! ME?OD ( ACTIVISM ITSELF4 ,9 ! NOTORI\S PAMPHLET ,GIVE UP ,ACTIVISM 7#a#i#i#i71 ,&REW ,X >GU$ ?AT V>I\S DIRECT ACTION MOVEM5TS >E HELD BACK BY ! WIDESPREAD ASSUMPTION ( AN ACTIVI/ M5TALITY1 :]E 0PEOPLE ?9K ( !MSELVES PRIM>ILY AS ACTIVI/S & AS BELONG+ TO SOME WID] COMMUNITY ( ACTIVI/S40 ,WE (T5 LOOK AT ACTIVISM AS ! DEF9+ FEATURE ( \R LIVES1 AS IF IT W]E A JOB OR A C>E]4 ,YET SU* /RONG ASSUMPTIONS ( POLITICAL ID5TITY (T5 HOLD US BACK1 NOT M]ELY BECAUSE !Y OBSCURE ! IMPORTANT DIFF]5CES BETWE5 US1 BUT ESPECIALLY BECAUSE !Y DI/ANCE \RSELVES UNNECESS>ILY FROM ! RE/ ( ! POPULATION4 ,RA!R ?AN BE+ MEMB]S ( ! OPPRESS$ ALONG ) EV]YONE ELSE - ORD9>Y PEOPLE :O JU/ HAPP5 TO BE FI<T+ BACK 9 \R [N WAY - WE SEE \RSELVES 9/EAD AS SPECIALI/S 9 SOCIAL *ANGE1 SOMEH[ UNIQUELY PRIVILEG$ 9 \R ABILITY & WILL+NESS TO 9T]V5E4 

,?IS M5TALITY IMM$IATELY UND]M9ES ! POSSIBILITY ( REVOLUTION3 BY IMPLICATION1 ! RE/ ( SOCIETY IS1 9 VIRTUE ( LACK+ ACTIVI/ SPECIALIZATION1 WRITT5 (F AS AN 9H]5TLY PASSIVE MASS4 ,\TSID]S1 9 RETURN1 TYPICALLY SEE US AS WEIRD CLIQUES OR 9ACCESSIBLE SUBCULTURES1 (T5 JU/IFIABLY SO4 ,& :AT A /RANGE \TCOME ?AT (F]S3 WE'VE 5D$ UP DO+ ! WORK ( ! MA9/REAM M$IA = !M1 ISOLAT+ \RSELVES FROM SOCIETY AT L>GE1 PAV+ ! WAY = \R REPRESSION TO BE MET )\T BROAD] RESI/ANCE4 

,SU* A DYNAMIC IS FUR!R SOLIDIFI$ BY ! AM\NT ( PRACTICAL SPECIALIZATION (T5 REQUIR$ = GETT+ 9VOLV$ 9 ACTIVISM4 ,TO PA9T A CRUDE PICTURE1 ! MODEL ACTIVI/ IS A HI<LY TRA9$1 IDEOLOGICALLY ADVANC$ BE+ ?AT UTILIZES A REP]TOIRE ( SKILLS1 CONTACTS1 & EQUIPM5T TO EFFECT SOCIAL *ANGE4 ,?OSE \TSID]S :O SEE \R /RUGGLE AS RELEVANT TO !IR LIVES RISK BE+ EXCLUD$ BY SU* DEM&+ REQUIREM5TS1 P>TICUL>LY UNREALI/IC IF Y\R LIFE IS ALREADY SUFFICI5TLY BURD5$ BY EV]YDAY SURVIVAL UND] CAPITALISM4 ,EV5 ?OSE ) A *ANCE ( GETT+ 9VOLV$ WILL NE$ US TO %[ !M ! WAY1 :I* ALWAYS 5C\RAGES A HI]>*ICAL DYNAMIC4 ,EI!R WE'LL 5D UP BE+ ! ACCID5TAL VANGU>DS ( ! REVOLUTION1 OR1 MORE LIKELY1 \R 9VOLVEM5T WILL PROVE IRRELEVANT TO ! SUDD5 MOM5TS ( UPHEAVAL ?AT REVOLUTION>Y *ANGE IS DEF9$ BY4 ,! ACTIVI/ SUBCULTURE HAS ?US BE5 RELEGAT$ TO A K9D ( BUBBLE1 FLOAT+ >\ND ! $GES ( SOCIETY1 & W9N+ VICTORIES H]E & !RE1 YET REMA9+ =EV] IMPOSSIBLE = \TSID]S TO GET A FIRM GRIP ON4 ,SOME W\LD SAY ?IS /ATUS EV5 /R5G!NS ! LIB]AL P>ADIGM1 GIV5 ?AT WE P]FECTLY PLAY ! ROLE ( ! ANNOY+1 FR+E RADICALS ! C5T] GR\ND SO GRACEFULLY TOL]ATES1 BUT ONLY BECAUSE WE POSE NO REAL ?REAT TO ITS /ABILITY OV]ALL4 

,?IS 9TRODUCTION TO ! ACTIVI/ M5TALITY CAN BE REF9$ 9 LI<T ( A SECOND KEY LIMITATION ( ACTIVISM3 ! FOCUS ON ISSUE-BAS$ CAMPAIGN+4 ,! T5D5CY ) ACTIVISM IS TO 5GAGE ) P[] GRADUALLY1 ATTEMPT+ TO TRANS=M SOCIETY ONE ISSUE AT A TIME4 ,NORMALLY A CAMPAIGN WILL C5T] ON A P>TICUL> ASPECT ( ! ECONOMY - SAY1 ?IS SPECIFIC SLAU<T]H\SE1 OR ?AT =M ( 5]GY EXTRACTION - RA!R ?AN T>GETT+ ! /RUCTURE AS A :OLE4 ,?IS F9E-GRA9 APPROA* C]TA9LY HAS ITS USES1 ALL[+ SOME?+ AS BROAD & AB/RACT AS SOCIAL HI]>*Y TO BE CONFRONT$ 9 ITS 9DIVIDUAL1 CONCRETE MANIFE/ATIONS4 ,NOT TO M5TION1 HALT+ ! EXPANSION ( ! CAPITALI/ MA*9E 7EV5 JU/ 9 ONE PLACE7 IS ALWAYS AN IMPORTANT VICTORY4 ,! BASIC PROBLEM1 H[EV]1 IS ?AT ISSUE-CAMPAIGN+ REMA9S FOCUS$ ON A*IEV+ ESS5TIALLY RE=MI/ GOALS1 9T5D$ M]ELY TO MAKE ! SY/EM MORE BE>ABLE4 ,A MULTITUDE ( DIFF]5T CONC]NS - POT5TIALLY REVOLUTION>Y IF TAK5 AS A :OLE - >E COND5S$ 9TO A N>R[ RANGE ( ISSUES1 EXACTLY ! K9D PROMOT$ BY CAPITALI/ ORGANIZATIONS SU* ,GRE5PEACE1 ,P,E,T,A1 OR ! ,GRE5 ,P>TY4 ,:AT MAKES A CAMPAIGN RADICAL MI<T BE ?AT IT EMPLOYS MILITANT TACTICS1 OR ELSE OP5S UP A SPACE - USUALLY A PROTE/ CAMP - 9 :I* TO LIVE \T A HOLI/IC CRITIQUE ( P[]4 ,SU* 5DEAVORS >E ALWAYS B\ND TO RUFFLE FEA!RS4 ,YET ! PRIM>Y GOAL ( A CAMPAIGN - ITS BASIC T>GET1 :I* DET]M9ES :E!R WE 0W90 OR 0LOSE0 - ALMO/ NEV] /&S TO BR+ US ANY CLOS] TO DISMANTL+ CAPITALISM4 ,AFT] ALL1 PREV5T+ A =E/ FROM BE+ TURN$ 9TO A COAL M9E IS ! K9D ( ?+ ?AT S\NDS GOOD TO MO/ LIB]ALS1 EV5 IF ! MEANS WE'RE WILL+ TO EMPLOY SET US A WORLD AP>T4 

,EV5 9 ! EV5T ( A VICTORY1 ISSUE-CAMPAIGNS (T5 FAIL TO IMPROVE ! OV]ALL SITUATION1 ) ! DEVA/ATION M]ELY BE+ %IFT$ ELSE:]E4 ,9 ,G]MANY1 = EXAMPLE1 NUCLE> 5]GY HAD BE5 F\<T AGA9/ ALREADY S9CE ! '#gS1 & 9 #baa ! CAMPAIGN F9ALLY WON1 ) ! GOV]NM5T ANN\NC+ IT W\LD CLOSE D[N ALL NUCLE> P[] /ATIONS BY #b#b#b4 ,H[EV]1 ! BIGG]-PICTURE \TCOME WAS M]ELY ! ECONOMY %IFT+ T[>DS A GREAT] RELIANCE ON BR[N COAL1 A =M ( RES\RCE EXTRACTION AT LEA/ AS ECOCIDAL AS NUCLE> P[]1 ESPECIALLY ) RESPECT TO CLIMATE *ANGE4 ,A GRADUAL PHASE \T ( COAL M9+ SEEMS 9CREAS+LY LIKELY 9 ,G]MANY2 9 P>TICUL>1 ! ONGO+ ,HAMBA*] ,=E/ OCCUPATION HAS PLAY$ A VITAL ROLE H]E4 ,BUT A VICTORY W\LD ONLY MEAN ! ECONOMY %IFT+ ONCE AGA91 ONLY ?IS TIME TO FRACK+1 OR BIOMASS1 OR T> S&S1 OR HYDROELECTRICTY1 OR 9DU/RIAL W9D4 ,EI!R ?AT1 OR SIMPLY IMPORT+ MORE COAL FROM ,RUSSIA - NO PROBLEM4 ,SU* \TCOMES M]ELY (F] AN 9CONV5I5CE1 MAYBE EV5 AN ECONOMIC BOO/1 LEAV+ ! DEEP /RUCTURE ( ! HI<LY FLEXIBLE MOD]N ECONOMY :OLLY 9 TACT4 ,MEAN:ILE1 ANY ANTI-CAPITALI/ DISC\RSE CONTA9$ )9 ISSUE-CAMPAIGN+ IS NORMALLY JU/ EMPTY RHETORIC1 FAIL+ TO MAP ONTO TANGIBLE REALITIES4 

,SOME W\LD RESPOND1 ( C\RSE1 ?AT ?IS CRITIQUE IS UNFAIR4 ,AFT] ALL1 TOTAL LIB]ATION ACTIVISM WAS PREVI\SLY DEF9$ AS REJECT+ S+LE-ISSUE CAMPAIGN+ 9 FAVOR ( A MU* BROAD] REVOLUTION>Y FOCUS4 ,?IS IS EXACTLY :AT ,BE/1 = EXAMPLE1 (F]S 9 HIS PROPOSAL = AN ALLIANCE POLITICS ?AT BUILDS L9KS BETWE5 DIFF]5T LIB]ATION /RUGGLES1 DRAW+ !M 9TO A RESOLUTELY ANTI-CAPITALI/ TRAJECTORY4 ,BUT ?IS ISN'T A NEW IDEA1 & IT DOESN'T OV]COME ! PROBLEMS 9H]5T 9 ACTIVISM4 ,ALREADY TWO DECADES AGO1 WE SAW EXACTLY ?AT BE+ ATTEMPT$ BY ! ANTI-GLOBALIZATION 0MOVEM5T ( MOVEM5TS10 :I* R>ELY SEEM$ TO GA9 AN HONE/ GRASP ( :AT ! DE/RUCTION ( CAPITALISM MI<T LOOK LIKE4 ,9 ! A=EM5TION$ PAMPHLET1 ,&REW ,X CL>IFI$ ?AT SU* 5GAGEM5T M]ELY AM\NTS TO MAK+ L9KS BETWE5 ACTIVI/ GR\PS1 NOT BEYOND !M4 ,! %IFT REMA9S QUANTITATIVE RA!R ?AN QUALITATIVE1 A MATT] ( /R5G!N+ DIFF]5T CAMPAIGNS1 BUT NOT ( EXCE$+ A FRAMEWORK BAS$ >\ND CAMPAIGN+ ON ISSUES 9 ! FIR/ PLACE4 ,! *ALL5GE IS ?AT1 BESIDES SIMPLY 9CREAS+ ! P]SONNEL ( ! /RUGGLE1 WE NE$ TO F9D WAYS ( DEEP5+ \R 5GAGEM5T4 ,O!RWISE1 TOTAL LIB]ATION CANNOT HELP BUT REMA9 A K9D ( P>ADOX1 ! REVOLUTION>Y SCOPE ( ITS VISION SCRAP+ H>D AGA9/ ! RE=MISM ( ITS /RATEGY4 

,?AT ISN'T TO SAY1 ON ! O!R H&1 ?AT WE %\LD GIVE UP ON ACTIVISM ALTOGE!R4 ,ANY CRITIQUES H]E %\LD BE C>EFUL NOT TO GET C>RI$ AWAY3 ACTIVISM HAS PROV5 9DISP5SABLE OV] ! LA/ DECADES1 BE IT ) KEEP+ ! GLOBAL ELITE 9 *ECK1 OP5+ UP VITAL AUTONOM\S SPACES1 LIB]AT+ MILLIONS ( ANIMALS1 OR DEF5D+ C\NTLESS ECOSY/EMS4 ,ALL ( :I* CONT9UES TO MAKE A V]Y REAL DIFF]5CE TO AN UNTOLD NUMB] ( LIVES1 REVOLUTION OR NO REVOLUTION4 ,NOT ONLY IS SU* ACTIVITY VALUABLE 9 ITSELF1 MOREOV]1 IT'S (T5 KEPT ! SPIRIT ( REVOLUTION>Y /RUGGLE ALIVE1 9CUBAT+ A LIB]T>IAN1 ANTI-CAPITALI/ CONSCI\SNESS )9 V>I\S DIRECT ACTION MOVEM5TS OV] ! YE>S4 ,H[EV]1 ! BASIC PROBLEM IS ?AT ACTIVISM REMA9S TAILOR$ = AN ]A 9 :I* ! OV]ALL /ABILITY ( ! SY/EM WAS TAK5 AS A GIV54 ,IF WE NO LONG] CONSID] \RSELVES TO LIVE 9 SU* A CONTEXT - IF WE'RE HONE/LY READY TO EXP]I5CE :AT LIES BEYOND IT - !N WE NE$ TO EXCE$ ! CURR5T =MULA4 

,DESPITE (F]+ A !ORY ?AT QUE/IONS EV]Y?+1 TOTAL LIB]ATION REMA9S HAMP]$ BY A PRACTICE ?AT *ANGES A GREAT DEAL LESS4 ,H[ DO WE BRIDGE ?IS GAP BETWE5 VISION & /RATEGY8 ,?AT IS1 H[ DO WE MAKE TOTAL LIB]ATION A REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T8 ,AT LA/1 & 9 ! MIDDLE ( ?IS PIECE1 NO LESS1 WE'VE >RIV$ AT \R C5TRAL PROBLEM4 

,! COLLAPSE ( WORK]ISM 

,( C\RSE1 SOME W\LD HAVE IT ?AT WE NEV] LO/ A REVOLUTION>Y P]SPECTIVE AT ALL1 QUITE CONFID5T !Y HAD ! SOLUTION ALL ALONG4 ,?IS COMES 9 ! =M ( WORK]ISM1 A BROAD SET ( /RATEGIES - MA9LY ,M>XI/ OR AN>*O-SYNDICALI/ - ?AT AFFIRM ! C5TRALITY ( ! WORK+ CLASS = OV]?R[+ CAPITALISM4 ,9 ! HI/ORY ( REVOLUTION>Y /RUGGLE1 FEW IDEAS HAVE CONSI/5TLY HELD MORE SWAY2 BUT SURELY ?AT'S ONLY ! REASON :Y ?IS SORELY \TDAT$ APPROA* HAS PROV5 SO H>D TO GET OV]4 ,?+S HAVE *ANG$ MORE DRAMATICALLY ?AN EV] 9 ! LA/ DECADES1 %ATT]+ ! MAT]IAL CONDITIONS ?AT ONCE GRANT$ WORKPLACE ORGANIZATION SU* GR&IOSE PRET5SIONS4 ,IT'S IMPORTANT TO CL>IFY :Y1 OR ELSE ! ATTEMPT TO EXCE$ ACTIVISM RISKS BE+ SUBSUM$ BY YET ANO!R RE=MI/ ME?OD1 ?IS ONE ALL ! MORE /AGNANT4 

,ONLY A FEW DECADES AGO1 ! PROSPECTS ( ORGANIZ$ LABOR 9 ! ,GLOBAL ,NOR? W]E MU* MORE HOPEFUL1 ) TRADE UNIONS RETA9+ A GREAT DEAL ( /R5G? 9TO ! #a#i#gS4 ,MA9LY DUR+ ! '#hS1 H[EV]1 CAPITALI/ PRODUCTION UND]W5T SOME MAJOR ALT]ATIONS4 ,PR(\ND TE*NOLOGICAL DEVELOPM5TS 9 ! FIELD ( ELECTRONICS - ESPECIALLY DIGITIZATION - CAUS$ ! PRODUCTIVE PROCESS TO BECOME MU* MORE AUTOMAT$1 REQUIR+ SIGNIFICANTLY LESS HUMAN 9PUT4 ,?IS COMB9$ ) AN 9CREAS$ ABILITY ON ! P>T ( EMPLOY]S TO \TS\RCE EMPLOYM5T TO LESS ECONOMICALLY DEVELOP$ C\NTRIES1 :]E LABOR WAS MU* *EAP]4 ,FAIRLY SUDD5LY1 !RE=E1 ! TWO BIGGE/ SECTORS ( ! ECONOMY - SPLIT MA9LY BETWE5 9DU/RY & AGRICULTURE - W]E GREATLY R$UC$ 9 SIZE1 RESULT+ 9 MASSIVE LAY(FS4 ,YET ?OSE :O LO/ !IR JOBS W]E G5]ALLY ABSORB$ BY /EADY GR[? 9 ! S]VICES SECTOR1 !REBY AVOID+ IMM$IATE SOCIAL DE/ABILIZATION4 ,:IL/ IT WAS ONCE ! SMALLE/ ECONOMIC SECTOR BY A LONG WAY1 ! S]VICES SECTOR IS N[ BY F> ! L>GE/ 9 ! ,GLOBAL ,NOR?1 EV5 APPROA*+ #h.0 EMPLOYM5T RATES 9 ! ,U,S1 ,U,K1 & ,FRANCE4 

,! RESULT HAS BE5 A /RIK+ R$EF9ITION ( ! COMMON NOTION ( WORK4 ,IT'S LO/ ITS C5T] ( GRAVITY 9 ! FACTORY1 HAV+ FRAGM5T$ 9/EAD 9 ! DIRECTION ( V>I\S PO/-9DU/RIAL WORKPLACES - RE/AURANTS1 %OPS1 (FICES4 ,ONCE A L>GELY C5TRALIZ$ MASS1 ! WORK+ CLASS HAS BE5 DISP]S$ ACROSS ! SOCIAL T]RA91 ! NEW FOCUS BE+ ON SMALL1 HI<LY DIV]SE PRODUCTIVE UNITS4 ,BETWE5 !SE UNITS1 WORK]S POSSESS FEW COMMON 9T]E/S & 9T]ACT LITTLE1 LEAD+ TO A SIGNIFICANTLY DIM9I%$ POT5TIAL = COLLECTIVE ACTION4 ,( C\RSE1 RESI/ANCE 9 ! WORKPLACE CONT9UES1 BUT ! 9T]NAL AV5UES NECESS>Y = REVOLT TO G5]ALIZE HAVE BE5 MAJORLY SEV]$1 ! SITUATION CONT9U+ TO DECL9E 9 LI<T ( EV] GREAT] TE*NOLOGICAL ADVANCE4 

,NOBODY CAN D5Y ! PR(\ND ID5TITY CRISIS FAC$ BY ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,ONLY A FEW DECADES AGO1 ! FACTORY WAS SE5 AS ! C5T] ( EV]Y?+1 ) WORK]S (F]+ ! VITAL COMPON5T 9 ! FUNCTION+ ( SOCIETY AS A :OLE4 ,WORK WAS ONCE A WAY ( LIFE1 NOT SO MU* 9 T]MS ( ! AM\NT ( TIME IT TOOK UP1 BUT 9/EAD BECAUSE ( ! CLE> S5SE ( EXI/5TIAL GR\ND+ IT (F]$4 ,= G5]ATIONS1 !RE HAD BE5 A /RONG L9K BETWE5 WORK & PR(ESSIONALISM1 ) MO/ WORK]S COMMITT+ TO A S+LE CRAFT = ! 5TIRETY ( !IR LIVES4 ,C>E] PA?S W]E PASS$ D[N FROM FA!R TO SON1 :O (T5 REMA9$ 9 ! SAME COMPANY2 ! FAMILIES ( DIFF]5T WORK]S ALSO MA9TA9$ CLOSE TIES ) ONE ANO!R4 ,N[ADAYS1 H[EV]1 EV]Y?+ HAS *ANG$3 EMPLOYM5T IS IMM5SELY UNC]TA91 ! REL5TLESS FLUIDITY ( ! PO/-9DU/RIAL ECONOMY =C+ MO/ TO GET BY ON A RO/] ( PREC>I\S1 L[-SKILL$ JOBS4 ,F> FEW] PEOPLE TAKE PRIDE 9 !IR WORK1 ESPECIALLY GIV5 ?AT EMPLOYM5T ONLY R>ELY HAS A CONV9C+ SUBTEXT ( DO+ SOME?+ SOCIALLY IMPORTANT4 ,TRADE UNIONS HAVE ALSO VANI%$ AS A HI/ORICAL =CE1 HAV+ BE5 DEFEAT$ 9 ! KEY BATTLES ( ! '#hS1 !IR MEMB]%IP LEVELS IMPLOD+ 9 LOCK-/EP ) ! ADVANCE ( NEOLIB]ALISM4 ,A RESIDUE ( ! OLD WORLD /ILL EXI/S1 BUT IT CONT9UES TO DISSIPATE FUR!R EV]Y DAY1 NEV] TO RETURN4 ,9 ! ,GLOBAL ,S\?1 TOO1 ?+S >E 9EVITABLY MOV+ 9 ! SAME DIRECTION4 

,!SE DEVELOPM5TS CA/ S]I\S D\BT ON ! VALIDITY ( ,M>XI/ & AN>*O-SYNDICALI/ /RATEGIES = REVOLUTION4 ,IT'S BECOM+ 9CREAS+LY MEAN+LESS TO SPEAK ( 0! WORK]S0 9 REF]5CE TO A COHESIVE 5TITY4 ,IT ISN'T AS IF ! DIS9TEGRATION ( ! WORK+ CLASS IMPLIES ! ABS5CE ( POV]TY1 NOR ( ! EXCLUD$ - 9 NO S5SE :ATSOEV]4 ,:AT IT DOES MEAN IS ! 5D ( ! WORK+ CLASS AS A SUBJECT4 ,ONE ?AT WAS1 AS ,M>X PUT IT1 0DISCIPL9$1 UNIT$1 ORGANIZ$ BY ! V]Y ME*ANISM ( ! PROCESS ( CAPITALI/ PRODUCTION ITSELF0 7,CAPITAL1 #a#h#f#g74 ,OV] ! LA/ DECADES1 ! WORK+ CLASS HAS BE5 DISMEMB]$ & DEMORALIZ$ BY ! V]Y SAME ME*ANISM3 JU/ AS ! MASS APPLICATION ( /EAM & MA*9]Y 9TO ! PRODUCTIVE PROCESS CREAT$ ! 9DU/RIAL PROLET>IAT TWO C5TURIES AGO1 ! 9V5TION ( NEW1 AUTOMAT$ TE*NOLOGIES HAS L$ TO ITS DISSOLUTION4 ,!RE'S NO S+LE PROJECT >\ND :I* TO UNITE ! WORK+ CLASS ANY MORE2 IT FOLL[S1 AS ) ID5TITY POLITICS1 ?AT GA9S 9 ! WORKPLACE WILL ALMO/ ALWAYS BE LIMIT$ TO IMPROV+ CAPITALISM RA!R ?AN DE/ROY+ IT4 ,! ,9DU/RIAL ,REVOLUTION HAS BE5 SUP]S$$ BY ! ,DIGITAL ,REVOLUTION1 YET ! REVOLUTION>Y OPTIMISM ( WORK]ISM REMA9S IDEOLOGICALLY TRAPP$ 9 A BYGONE ]A1 FUMBL+ = RELEVANCE 9 A C5TURY ?AT WON'T HAVE IT4 ,AL?\<1 TO BE HONE/1 ?IS IS H>DLY NEWS3 ALREADY = SOME TIME N[1 ! NO/ALGIC LANGUAGE ( WORK]ISM HAS COME ACROSS AS /ALE & \TDAT$ TO MO/1 EV5 IF ACADEMICS (T5 /RUGGLE TO KEEP UP4 

,9 ANY CASE1 ! COLLAPSE ( WORK]ISM MI<T BE NO?+ TO M\RN4 ,ANO!R IMPLICATION ( ! 5D ( TRADITIONAL EMPLOYM5T IS ! PR$OM9ANCE ( A RANGE ( WORKPLACES FEW W\LD WANT TO APPROPRIATE ANYWAY4 ,! FACTORY HAS BE5 REPLAC$ BY ! LIKES ( CALL C5T]S1 SUP]M>KETS1 S]VICE /ATIONS1 FA/ FOOD JO9TS1 & C(FEE %OP *A9S4 ,YET SURELY NO ONE CAN IMAG9E !MSELVES MA9TA9+ !SE WORKPLACES AFT] ! REVOLUTION1 AS IF ANY?+ RESEMBL+ A COLLECTIVELY RUN ,/>BUCKS OR FACTORY F>M IS :AT WE'RE GO+ =8 ,:5 WORK]ISM FIR/ BECAME POPUL>1 !RE WAS AN OBVI\S APPLICABILITY ( MO/ WORK TO ! PROSPECT ( A FREE SOCIETY4 ,9 ! #b#a/ C5TURY1 H[EV]1 ! ALI5ATION ( LABOR RUNS ALL ! DEEP]3 NO LONG] IS IT ! M]E FACT ( LACK+ CONTROL OV] WORK1 BUT 9/EAD ITS 9H]5T FUNCTION ?AT'S USUALLY ! PROBLEM4 ,TO PUT IT ANO!R WAY1 IT %\LD COME AS NO SURPRISE ?AT ,M>XI/S HAV5'T YET REPLAC$ !IR HAMM] & SICKLE ) AN (FICE DESK & ESPRESSO MA*9E1 AS W\LD BE NECESS>Y TO KEEP UP ) ! TIMES4 ,! MOD]N SYMBOLS ( WORK >E WOR?Y ONLY ( SCORN1 NOT ! K9D ( VALORIZATION 9VOLV$ 9 PUTT+ !M ON A FLAG4 

,?IS IS ANO!R BIG PROBLEM = ! WORK]I/ !ORY ( REVOLUTION1 GIV5 ITS CONCEPTION ( REVOLUTION PRIM>ILY OR EV5 EXCLUSIVELY 9 T]MS ( ! SEIZURE ( ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION4 ,A*IEV+ RE=MS 9 ! WORKPLACE IS ONE ?+1 BUT ONLY R>ELY CAN SU* EX]CISES 9 CONFID5CE-BUILD+ BE TAK5 AS /EPS T[>DS APPROPRIAT+ ! WORKPLACE ALTOGE!R4 ,SURELY ! PO9T ISN'T TO DEMOCRATIZE ! ECONOMY1 BUT 9/EAD TO PICK IT AP>T3 ?OSE ASPECTS ( ! ECONOMY G5U9ELY WOR? COLLECTIVIZ+1 AS OPPOS$ TO CONV]T+ OR SIMPLY BURN+1 >E FEW & F> BETWE54 ,( C\RSE1 !Y /ILL EXI/1 BUT !Y'RE M>G9AL4 ,& ?AT CONFIRMS ! ABSURDITY ( EXPECT+ WORKPLACE ORGANIZATION TO (F] ! C5T]PIECE ( ANY FUTURE REVOLUTION4 

,?IS H>DLY IMPLIES DO+ AWAY ) ! MAT]IAL ASPECTS ( REVOLUTION>Y /RUGGLE1 GIV5 ?AT COMMUNIZ+ ! CONDITIONS ( EXI/5CE REMA9S NECESS>Y = LIV+ \R LIVES - NOT JU/ ?IS OR ?AT ACTIVI/ CAMPAIGN - 9 G5U9E CONFLICT ) ! SY/EM4 ,ALL ! MORE1 ! MOM5T 9 :I* !SE SUBT]RANEAN 9FLU5CES SUDD5LY ]UPT1 & MASS COMMUNIZATION OV]TURNS ! ORD9>Y FUNCTION+ ( ! CAPITALI/ MA*9E1 SURELY REMA9S A DEF9+ FEATURE ( REVOLUTION ITSELF4 ,YET SU* 5DEAVORS MU/ BE %>PLY DI/+UI%$ FROM SEIZ+ ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION - ?AT IS1 APPROPRIAT+ ! CAPITALI/ 9FRA/RUCTURE MORE OR LESS AS IT /&S BE=E US4 ,F> FROM (F]+ A VISION ( ! WORLD WE WANT TO SEE1 ! SYNDICALI/ PROPOSAL TO RECLAIM ! CONDITIONS ( WORK - TO ASSUME CONTROL ( V]Y ! SY/EM ?AT'S DE/ROY+ US - M]ELY IMPLIES SELF-MANAG+ NOT ONLY \R [N EXPLOITATION1 BUT ALSO ?AT ( ! PLANET4 

,AS AN ASIDE1 IT %\LD BE ADD$ ?AT !SE ISSUES UND]M9E ! CONTEMPOR>Y RELEVANCE ( ,M>XISM ALTOGE!R4 ,IT WAS PREVI\SLY SUGGE/$ ?AT ,M>XIAN CLASS ANALYSIS NO LONG] (F]S A CR$IBLE ACC\NT ( OPPRESSION2 ! CURR5T DISCUSSION1 MEAN:ILE1 SUGGE/S IT CANNOT BE US$ TO FRAME ! TOPIC ( REVOLUTION EI!R4 ,AS A ME?OD = 9T]PRET+ ! WORLD1 AS WELL AS = *ANG+ IT1 ,M>XISM HAS HAD ITS DAY4 ,IF WE WANT$ TO BE A LITTLE DIPLOMATIC1 WE C\LD SAY ?IS ISN'T SO MU* A CRITICISM ( ! !ORY ITSELF1 MORE A RECOGNITION ( ! FACT ?AT ! WORLD IT WAS DESIGN$ TO 5GAGE ) NO LONG] EXI/S4 ,IF WE WANT$ TO BE A LITTLE LESS DIPLOMATIC1 MOREOV]1 IT %\LD BE ADD$ ?AT :AT'S LEFT ( ,M>XISM IS UTT]LY BOR+1 RE=MI/1 & KEPT 0ALIVE0 ALMO/ EXCLUSIVELY BY ACADEMICS4 ,AS ! BIG GUY DECL>$ BACK 9 #a#h#e#b1 0,! TRADITION ( ALL ! DEAD G5]ATIONS WEI<S LIKE A NI<TM>E ON ! BRA9S ( ! LIV+40 ,YET 9 NO CASE HAS ?IS CLAIM1 (F]$ 9 RESPONSE TO ! LACK ( IMAG9ATION AMONG REVOLUTION>IES 9 ! #a#i? C5TURY1 BE5 MORE RELEVANT ?AN ) ,M>XISM TODAY4 ,WE %\LD PAY \R RESPECTS1 IF 9DE$ ANY RESPECT IS DUE1 :IL/ REFUS+ TO BE CRIPPL$ BY AN \TDAT$ APPROA*4 ,! SAME GOES = AN>*O-SYNDICALISM1 ITS ONCE UNBRIDL$ POT5TIAL DECISIVELY %UT D[N BY ! COMB9$ VICTORIES ( FASCISM & ,BOL%EVISM4 

,TO (F] A LA/ WORD ( CL>IFICATION1 NONE ( ?IS IMPLIES DO+ AWAY ) WORKPLACE ORGANIZATION ALTOGE!R4 ,!RE'S /ILL MU* TO BE SAID = CONFRONT+ P[] ON EV]Y FRONT3 ! COLLECTIVIZATION ( ANY REMA9+ USEFUL WORKPLACES1 AS WELL AS ! FI]CE APPLICATION ( ! G5]AL /RIKE1 SURELY REMA9S VITAL = ANY EFFECTIVE REVOLUTION>Y MOSAIC4 ,JU/ AS WORKPLACE ORGANIZATION CONT9UES TO PROVE EFFECTIVE = BREAK+ D[N SOCIAL B>RI]S1 AS WELL AS POT5TIALLY IMPROV+ \R LIVES 9 ! H]E & N[4 ,! CORE CLAIM (F]$ H]E IS ONLY ?AT IT CANNOT BE CONSID]$ ! C5T]PIECE ( REVOLUTION>Y /RUGGLE ALTOGE!R - QUITE ! M9IMAL CONCLUSION4 ,M]ELY 9 T]MS ( ASK+ :AT ! ABOLITION ( CLASS MI<T LOOK LIKE TODAY1 WORK]ISM HAS LO/ ITS WAY4 ,& ?AT DOESN'T BEG9 TO CONSID] ! ABOLITION ( HI]>*Y AS SU*4 ,:5 TAK5 9 ISOLATION1 ORGANIZ$ LABOR (F]S NO?+ MORE ?AN A SUBTLE V>IETY ( RE=MISM1 ?9LY CLOAK$ 9 ITS /UFFY REVOLUTION>Y PRET5SIONS4 ,TOTAL LIB]ATION1 BY CONTRA/1 REFUSES TO S+LE \T ANY FOCAL PO9TS ( ! CLA%1 BE !Y WORK]I/1 ACTIVI/1 OR O!RWISE4 

,A REVOLUTION>Y IMPASSE 

,:AT AN UNEASY SITUATION WE'RE 93 :IL/ ! NE$ = REVOLUTION HAS NEV] BE5 GREAT]1 R>ELY HAS \R GRASP ( :AT IT MEANS TO BUILD SU* POT5TIAL SEEM$ SO VAGUE4 ,P]HAPS ?IS IS UNSURPRIS+1 GIV5 ?AT WORK]ISM - ! DOM9ANT MODEL ( ANTI-CAPITALI/ /RUGGLE = A C5TURY & A HALF - HAS COLLAPS$ BE=E \R V]Y EYES4 ,! TREMORS CONT9UE TO REV]B]ATE1 MO/ REMA9+ UNSURE ( H[ TO RESPOND4 ,FEW >E WILL+ TO GIVE UP ! RHETORIC ( REVOLUTION1 NOT AT A TIME LIKE ?IS4 ,& YET1 IT DOESN'T TAKE MU* TO SEE ?AT1 9 ALL BUT NAME1 ! MAJORITY ( RADICALS HAVE LONG S9CE AB&ON$ ! PROSPECT ( ACTUALLY DE/ROY+ ! SY/EM4 

,ONE CLE> 9DICATION ( ! CURR5T IMPASSE IS H[ EASILY SUPPOS$ ,BOL%EVIKS - ,L59I/1 ,TROTSKYITE1 ,/AL9I/ - GET SWEPT UP BY EV]Y LATE/ REHA% ( SOCIAL DEMOCRACY4 ,P]HAPS ! MO/ IMPORTANT T5SION UND]LY+ ! HI/ORY ( ,M>XI/ 5GAGEM5T WAS ! SPLIT BETWE5 RE=M & REVOLUTION1 EXACTLY ! PO9T ( ,BOL%EVISM BE+ TO PURSUE ! LATT]4 ,N[ADAYS1 H[EV]1 ! TWO /R&S >E NORMALLY LUMP$ TOGE!R1 EV5 AT ! PRICE ( UTMO/ 9COH]5CE1 M]ELY = ,M>XISM TO MA9TA9 A GUISE ( RELEVANCE 9TO ! #b#a/ C5TURY4 ,SURELY NO ONE :O /ILL TOOK ! REVOLUTION>Y POT5TIAL ( ! PROLET>IAT TO BE ANY?+ MORE ?AN A BUZZWORD W\LD F9D !MSELVES CAMPAIGN+ = ,SYRIZA OR ,PODEMOS1 ,J]EMY ,CORBYN OR ,B]NIE ,S&]S4 ,S9CE ! #bg F9ANCIAL CRA%1 ! ,LEFT HAS PLAY$ A SLY GAME1 GA9+ FAVOR AMONG ! Y\NG BY UTILIZ+ VAGUELY REVOLUTION>Y S5TIM5TS - SLOGANS ( 0PEOPLE P[]0 & 0REAL DEMOCRACY10 /OL5 FROM ! ANTI-POLITICS ( GRASSROOTS MOVEM5TS LIKE ,OCCUPY & #a#e,M - TO DRESS UP ITS LUKEW>M P>LIAM5T>Y POLICIES4 ,BE> 9 M9D1 ?\<1 ?AT SU* DUPLICITY REMA9S CONCEAL$ ONLY = AS LONG AS ! CRYPTO-POLITICIANS FAIL TO SEIZE P[]1 !IR COV] 9/ANTLY BL[N IF !Y EV] MANAGE TO W9 AT ! BALLOT4 ,! FUNCTIONS ( /ATE & CAPITAL HAVE ALWAYS PROV5 9VIOLABLE :5 APPROA*$ FROM ! 9SIDE4 ,A GLUM IMAGE COMES TO M9D1 ONE ( ,SYRIZA C>RY+ \T ,E,U-DICTAT$ AU/]ITY MEASURES1 EV5 9 OP5 DEFIANCE ( A NATIONWIDE REF]5DUM1 !REBY BETRAY+ ! V]Y PLAT=M ?AT SECUR$ !M ! RI<T TO GOV]N 9 #b#a#e4 ,?IS IS EXACTLY :AT A 0VICTORY0 = SU* A P>TY LOOKS LIKE4 

,( C\RSE1 ?IS PROBLEM IS H>DLY FAC$ BY ,M>XI/S ALONE4 ,NOR IS ! ISSUE AS SUP]FICIAL AS MANY AN>*I/S F9D+ !MSELVES REQUE/+ ! H& ( GOV]NANCE EV]Y ONCE 9 A :ILE4 ,BOOK*91 = EXAMPLE1 %[$ AS MU* APPRECIATION AS ANYONE = ! GREAT LIB]T>IAN UPHEAVALS ( ! PA/1 9CLUD+ ! ,P>IS ,COMMUNE & ! ,SPANI% ,REVOLUTION4 ,?R\<\T ! C\RSE ( HIS LIFE1 H[EV]1 IT SL[LY BECAME CLE> ?AT SU* ADMIRATION WAS MA9LY RETROSPECTIVE1 LACK+ ANY S]I\S DESIGNS ON ! FUTURE4 ,ALREADY 9 #a#i#h#e1 HE DECL>$ 9 A SPEE* ?AT 0! REVOLUTION>Y ]A 9 ! CLASSICAL S5SE IS OV]0 - A %REWD OBS]VATION4 ,IT C\LD HAVE BE5 ! BASIS = RECONCEIV+ ! POSSIBILITY ( REVOLUTION 9 ! PO/-9DU/RIAL ]A1 ONLY IT WAS US$ TO GIVE UP ON ! IDEA ALTOGE!R4 ,! ALT]NATIVE ,BOOK*9 (F]$ WAS T]M$ 0LIB]T>IAN MUNICIPALISM10 :I* PROPOSES 5GAG+ 9 MUNICIPAL ELECTIONS ) ! AIM ( PUTT+ LOCAL C\NCILS UND] AN>*I/ CONTROL4 ,YET IT WILL COME AS NO SURPRISE ?AT ,BOOK*9 EV5TUALLY GAVE UP ON ! HOPELESS IDEA ( CONV9C+ AN>*I/S TO BECOME POLITICIANS1 TO ! EXT5T HE EV5 PUBLICLY DISSOCIAT$ HIMSELF FROM AN>*ISM 9 #a#i#i#i4 ,! SIGNIFICANCE ( ?IS \TCOME - ONE ( ! KEY !ORI/S ( CONTEMPOR>Y AN>*ISM TURN+ HIS BACK ON ! V]Y POSSIBILITY ( REVOLUTION - CAN H>DLY BE OV]/AT$4 

,ANO!R MAJOR ATTEMPT TO DIVORCE AN>*ISM FROM REVOLUTION>Y /RUGGLE CAME FROM ,HAKIM ,BEY1 ?IS TIME 9 ! BOOK ,TEMPOR>Y ,AUTONOM\S ,ZONE 7#a#i#i#a74 ,ONE ( ! MA9 CLAIMS (F]$ H]E IS ?AT 0REALISM DEM&S NOT ONLY ?AT WE GIVE UP WAIT+ = '! ,REVOLUTION' BUT ALSO ?AT WE GIVE UP WANT+ IT40 ,NOT ONLY IS ! SUPREMACY ( ! /ATE SUPPOS$LY UNASSAILABLE N[ADAYS1 APP>5TLY !RE'S ALSO LITTLE *ANCE ( ATTACK+ AU?ORITY )\T 9ADV]T5TLY BECOM+ IT4 ,:AT 5SUES IS A CURI\SLY DIGNIFI$ TAKE ON ! SIMPLE FACT ( GIV+ UP1 A H$ONI/IC DEFEATISM FOCUS$ >\ND OCCUPY+ ! ACCID5TAL CRACKS ( AUTONOMY LEFT UNATT5D$ BY ! SY/EM4 ,SU* ZONES >E DEF9$ AS TEMPOR>Y PRECISELY BECAUSE !RE'S NO 9T5TION TO DEF5D OR EXT5D !M1 ! PO9T BE+ TO REMA9 9VISIBLE TO P[] = AS LONG AS POSSIBLE1 SCAMP]+ AWAY & SETT+ UP ELSE:]E :5EV] CONFRONT$4 ,?IS MI<T SEEM LIKE ! MO/ HOPELESS ( ! EXAMPLES M5TION$ H]E1 EV5 ! MO/ PITIFUL2 YET ?AT'S ONLY BECAUSE ,BEY IS SO UPFRONT REG>D+ HIS PESSIMISM4 ,AT LEA/ HE NONE!LESS /AYS TRUE TO ! NE$ TO LIVE AN>*Y N[1 RA!R ?AN SP5D+ \R LIVES M]ELY DREAM+ ( IT4 

,A F9AL EXAMPLE ON ! TOPIC COMES FROM ,DEEP ,GRE5 ,RESI/ANCE 7,D,G,R74 ,?IS RADICAL 5VIRONM5TALI/ GR\P DI/+UI%$ !MSELVES ) A H>D-NOS$ /RATEGY = UPROOT+ 9DU/RIAL CIVILIZATION ALTOGE!R1 SOME?+ ?AT WON !M ! HE>TS ( MANY LIB]T>IANS4 ,! K9D ( UNFL9*+ OV]HAUL ( VISION & TACTICS ,D,G,R (F]S IS ALL TOO R>E AT ! MOM5T1 ESPECIALLY AS ! ECOLOGICAL SITUATION REALLY />TS TO BITE4 ,YET ?IS CAN BE ! ONLY EXPLANATION = H[ SU* AN IRR$EEMABLY FLAW$ APPROA* 5JOY$ ITS RELATIVE SUCCESS - ?AT IS1 ! SAD FACT IT HAS SO FEW CONT5D]S4 ,IT'S CLE> ?IS ALREADY TIR$ CLIQUE HAS TAK5 ! AB&ONM5T ( REVOLUTION AS A C5TRAL PO9T ( DEP>TURE1 ASSUM+ 9 L9E ) CO-F\ND] ,D]RICK ,J5S5 ?AT 0! MASS ( CIVILIZ$ PEOPLE WILL NEV] BE ON \R SIDE0 7,5DGAME1 #b#f74 ,?IS LEADS TO A T]RIBLY MUDDL$ /RATEGY3 HAV+ JETTISON$ A COMMITM5T TO POPUL> UPHEAVAL1 ,D,G,R (F]S ! HIL>I\S PROPOSAL ?AT 9DU/RIAL CIVILIZATION ITSELF C\LD BE BR\<T D[N - NOT TO M5TION KEPT D[N - BY ! ACTIVITY ( A RELATIVE H&FUL ( PR(ESSIONAL ACTIVI/S4 ,:AT AN ODD COMB9ATION3 ON ! ONE H&1 ,D,G,R SEEM TO RECOGNIZE ! PROBLEMS 9H]5T 9 ACTIVISM1 ?AT ! CURR5T APPROA* WILL NEV] 9ITIATE MASS /RUGGLE2 ON ! O!R H&1 H[EV]1 !Y'VE EXT5D$ ! TASK ( ! ACTIVI/ MILIEU BEYOND ANY SEMBLANCE ( CR$IBILITY4 ,:IL/ ,D,G,R ONCE HELD A FAIR DEGREE ( 9FLU5CE1 ?IS TR5D FLOPP$ V]Y QUICKLY 9DE$1 NOT LEA/ BECAUSE ( !IR RAMPANT TRANSPHOBIA4 ,& ?AT WAS ONLY A P>TICUL> SYMPTOM ( A MU* MORE G5]AL PROBLEM1 NAMELY1 !IR OBNOXI\S 9SI/5CE ON BUILD+ A RIGIDLY HI]>*ICAL1 IDEOLOGICALLY UNI=M RESI/ANCE MOVEM5T ?AT REEKS ( ECO-,L59ISM4 

,!SE EXAMPLES >E DIV]SE1 YET EA* ( !M /EMS FROM EXACTLY ! SAME S5SE ( DEJECTION REG>D+ \R REVOLUTION>Y PROSPECTS N[ADAYS4 ,SOME AN>*I/S HAVE ATTEMPT$ TO ESCAPE SU* ASSOCIATIONS1 AT TIMES EV5 EXPLOIT+ ! MOM5T TO LABEL !MSELVES ! ONLY REVOLUTION>IES 9 T[N4 ,BUT ?AT COMES ACROSS AS ALL TOO C]TA93 IT'S BECOME 9CREAS+LY CLE> ?AT TO BE AN AN>*I/ DOES NOT 5TAIL ONE IS ALSO A REVOLUTION>Y1 C]TA9LY NOT ANY MORE - A PO9T BO? 9T]E/+ & T]RIBLE4 ,REVOLUTION1 AFT] ALL1 IS NO GAME ( AB/RACT ID5TITIES1 BUT 9/EAD ! >T ( PUTT+ 9TO PRACTICE4 ,IT W\LD BE MU* HEAL?I] TO TAKE A /EP BACK AT ?IS PO9T1 IF ONLY TO GET A CLE>] PICTURE ( ! CURR5T IMPASSE4 ,WE NE$ TO GET \R HEADS R\ND ! 5D ( ! CLASSICAL ]A ( REVOLUTIONS4 7,& !N IMM$IATELY SET \T TO DEF9E ! NEXT74 

O ,*APT] #e 3 ,! 9SURRECTIONAL PA? 
#e3 ,! 9SURRECTIONAL PA? 

0,! SECRET IS TO REALLY BEG90 

,! PO9T ( DEP>TURE = :AT FOLL[S IS SIMPLE3 REVOLUTION IS NOT >\ND ! CORN]4 ,PRESUMABLY MO/ W\LD AGREE1 YET ! ROAD =KS %>PLY REG>D+ H[ BE/ TO MOVE =W>D4 ,! ,LEFT MA9TA9S ?AT PROCE$+ 9TO OP5 CONFLICT ) ! /ATE & CAPITAL W\LD BE PREMATURE1 GIV5 ?AT 0! MASSES0 CAN'T BE EXPECT$ TO JO9 ANY TIME SOON4 ,A RE=MI/ AG5DA IS S\<T 9/EAD AS ! ONLY REALI/IC APPROA* - JU/ UNTIL ! CONDITIONS NECESS>Y = REVOLUTION >ISE4 ,BUT !RE'S A BIG PROBLEM H]E1 BECAUSE TO M]ELY WAIT = ! REVOLUTION 5SURES IT WILL NEV] >RIVE4 ,CONTR>Y TO ,M>XIAN DOGMA1 !RE'S NO?+ AB\T REVOLUTION ?AT'S 9EVITABLE2 RA!R1 ! ONLY ?+ ?AT 9VITES ! RI<T HI/ORICAL CONDITIONS - ! ONLY ?+ ?AT CAN ACTUALLY BR+ REVOLUTION ANY CLOS] - IS TO PROCE$ TO ACTION N[1 EV5 IF ! TIME IS NOT RIPE4 ,:5 UND]TAK+ A MOM5T\S PROJECT ( ANY K9D1 IT'S ALWAYS NECESS>Y TO />T BY TAK+ A FEW DECID$ /EPS1 EV5 IF AT FIR/ !Y LEAD 9TO ! FATEFUL UNKN[N4 ,?OSE :O M]ELY WAIT1 TOO UNSURE ( :E!R TO GET GO+ AT ALL1 GU>ANTEE !IR DE/9ATION NEV] COMES ANY CLOS]4 ,ONLY BY TE/+ ! B\ND>IES ( ! EXI/5T DO Y\ BEG9 TO LE>N JU/ :AT IS & ISN'T POSSIBLE4 

,9 ?IS =MULA WE F9D \R FOO?OLD3 ! NUCLEUS ( REVOLUTION>Y POSSIBILITY RESIDES 9 \R DET]M9ATION TO LIVE FREE ALREADY N[4 ,! LIB]AL IDEA ( FRE$OM IS ?AT ( A <O/1 ONE ( MEAN+LESS HYPO!TICALS1 ( 9C>C]AT$ DESIRES3 Y\ CAN ?9K & DO ABSOLUTELY ANY?+ Y\ WANT1 BUT ONLY 9S(> AS IT MAKES NO DIFF]5CE 9 MAT]IAL T]MS4 ,( C\RSE1 !RE'S A GREAT DEAL TO P[] ?AT'S AB/RACT & 9TANGIBLE1 OP5 TO CRITIQUE BUT NOT PHYSICAL ASSAULT4 ,YET ?IS IS ONLY P>T ( ! PICTURE1 GIV5 ?AT Y\ CAN ONLY *ANGE SO MU* ON A SUBJECTIVE LEVEL - REALLY NOT MU* AT ALL - BE=E Y\R GR[? BECOMES LIMIT$ & DE=M$ BY ! B>S ( ?IS CAGE-SOCIETY4 ,5CLOS$ BY ! SY/EM ( DEA?1 ! ONLY WAY TO MAKE S5SE ( \R LIVES - ! ONLY WAY TO BE SURE WE'RE /ILL BREA?+ - IS BY /RIK+ BACK AGA9/ ! PHYSICAL 9FRA/RUCTURE ?AT HOLDS SOCIAL HI]>*Y 9 PLACE4 ,B5EA? A V5E] ( CALM SUPREMACY1 ONLY A LITTLE 9VE/IGATION REVEALS ?AT1 ?R\< BE+ SPREAD SO ?9LY1 SU* OBJECTS >E ACTUALLY QUITE VULN]ABLE4 ,EV5 MORE SO 9 AN AGE 9 :I* EV]Y?+ DEP5DS ON ! MO/ FRAGILE ( TE*NOLOGICAL FL[S4 ,COMPUT] ALGORI?MS1 FIB] OPTIC CABLES1 & ELECTRICAL TRANSMITT]S HOLD ! SY/EM TOGE!R F> MORE EFFECTIVELY ?AN ! WORDS ( POLITICIANS N[ADAYS4 ,P[] IS EV]Y:]E1 YET ! REPRESSIVE =CES >E NOT1 NOR C\LD !Y EV] HOPE TO BE4 

,A S+LE ACT ( SABOTAGE IS1 ( C\RSE1 ( NO GREAT CONC]N = ! /ABILITY ( ! SY/EM OV]ALL4 ,BUT !RE'S SOME?+ EXTRA H]E1 SOME?+ ?AT SPANS ! VA/ DIVIDE BETWE5 9DIVIDUALI/IC REVOLT & 9SURRECTION ITSELF1 & ?AT'S ! CAPACITY = 9SURG5CY TO SPREAD ?R\<\T ! POPULATION4 ,BY ACT+ N[1 ! V]Y QUALITY ( REVOLUTION - ( UNCOMPROMIS+1 AUTONOM\S REVOLT - BEG9S TO 9FUSE ! SOCIAL T]RA94 ,!N IT'S ONLY A QUE/ION ( MULTIPLICATION OV] CREATION1 SOME?+ ALTOGE!R MORE APPROA*ABLE4 ,!RE WILL ALWAYS COME UNPR$ICTABLE MOM5TS ( FUTURE TURMOIL1 MOM5TS 9 :I* ! ANIMOSITY ( /ATE & CAPITAL HAS BE5 VIOL5TLY EXPOS$1 ! FUTILITY ( LEGALI/IC 5GAGEM5T REVEAL$ = ALL TO SEE4 ,?OSE :O PREVI\SLY DISAGRE$ ) CONFRONTATIONAL TACTICS MI<T WELL F9D !MSELVES GRASP+ = ! RI<T MEANS ( EXPRESSION4 ,& AT ?AT PO9T ! CLA%ES HAVE ! POT5TIAL TO SPREAD LIKE WILDFIRE4 

,?IS POT5TIAL CAN BE NURTUR$ BY A P>TICUL> CONSID]ATION1 NAMELY1 ! REPRODUCIBILITY ( \R [N TE*NIQUES4 ,BY FOCUS+ ON TACTICS ?AT REQUIRE LITTLE OR NO SPECIALIZATION1 MEAN+FUL REVOLT IS ABLE TO AVALAN*E MU* QUICK] DUR+ MOM5TS ( HEI<T5$ SOCIAL T5SION1 GREATLY SURPASS+ APPLICATION ONLY BY A H&FUL ( EXP]I5C$ MILITANTS4 ,?IS EMPHASIS IS EXACTLY :AT WAS MISS+ FROM MANY ( ! >M$ /RUGGLE GR\PS ACTIVE 9 ,EUROPE DUR+ ! #a#i#gS & '#hS1 SU* AS ! ,R$ ,>MY ,FRACTION 9 ,WE/ ,G]MANY & ! ,R$ ,BRIGADES 9 ,ITALY4 ,!SE PR(ESSIONAL REVOLUTION>IES REQUIR$ EXT5SIVE TRA9+1 SPECIALIZ$ WEAPONRY1 & VA/ SUPPORT NETWORKS 9 ORD] TO (F] !IR CONTRIBUTION1 PROMOT+ AN IDEA ( /RUGGLE 7OR AT LEA/ ( ITS HI<E/ =MS7 AS SOME?+ HI<LY EXCLUSIVE4 ,SU* ISOLATION IS =EV] ! SWAMP ( REVOLUTION>Y POT5TIAL1 DI/+UI%+ ! 9SURG5TS ALL TOO CLE>LY FROM ! RE/ ( ! POPULATION1 DRAW+ COMBATANTS 9TO A PIT*$ BATTLE BETWE5 TWO >MIES4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 ! EXT5T TO :I* ME?ODS ( /RUGGLE >E EASILY REPRODUCIBLE - FOCUS+ ON WIDELY ACCESSIBLE TOOLS & 9=MATION - IS ! EXT5T TO :I* CITIZ5S CAN1 EV5 9 A HE>TBEAT1 TRANS=M !MSELVES 9TO 9SURG5TS4 ,NOT ONLY ?AT1 IT ALSO MEANS ?OSE JU/ GETT+ 9VOLV$ CAN ALREADY /RUGGLE ) AS MU* 9T5SITY AS ANYONE ELSE1 9 NO WAY RELEGAT$ TO ! 9DIGNITY ( A SECOND>Y ROLE4 ,=GET AB\T ! VANGU>D1 IT HAS NO USE TO US3 G5]ALIZ$ REVOLT1 LACK+ LEAD]S OR A FOCAL PO9T1 IS EXACTLY :AT NO >MY OR POLICE =CE C\LD EV] HOPE TO CONTA94 

,! MOM5T ( RUPTURE IS ALWAYS MU* CLOS] ?AN IT SEEMS4 ,! SUB/RATUM UND]P9N+ ALL ! EV]YDAY MONOTONY IS ONE ( WILD REBELLION1 & SPONTANE\S COMMUNITY1 :I* ! PRES5T ORD] MU/ WORK DAY & NI<T TO SUBDUE - (T5 UNSUCCESSFULLY4 ,NO LONG] CAN WE PR(ESS TO KN[ 9 ADVANCE :E!R \R 9T]V5TION WILL NOT LEAD TO A FUTURE 9SURRECTIONAL SITUATION4 ,! SOCIAL CONDITIONS ?AT GAVE RISE TO ECONOMIC DET]M9ISM HAVE FALL5 AP>T3 ! METAMORPHOSIS ( ! ECONOMY HAS RANSACK$ ! FACTORIES1 CREAT+ G5]ATIONS ( NON-CITIZ5S ) NO SOLID ID5TITY TO B9D !M TO ?IS ROTT5 WORLD4 ,P>TICUL>LY 9 ! <ETTOES ( ! MOD]N METROPOLIS - 9 ,P>IS #b#f1 ,LONDON #b#a#a1 & ,BALTIMORE #bae - ! UNPR$ICTABLE NATURE ( ! HI/ORICAL MOM5T HAS ALREADY BE5 REVEAL$1 EA* CASE (F]+ A CLE> IMAGE FROM ! FUTURE4 ,IT'S AS IF ! AIR IS /EADILY GETT+ DRI]1 ! SLI<TE/ SP>K READY TO SET (F A BLAZE4 ,ESPECIALLY ONCE ! 5VIRONM5TAL CRISIS CAN NO LONG] BE IGNOR$1 ?AT DRYNESS WILL BECOME MU* MORE LIT]AL1 CALL+ 9TO D\BT ! ONCE UNDISPUT$ /ABILITY ( MANY REGIMES4 ,SURELY ! ONLY OPTION IS TO MAKE ! MO/ ( ! 9EVITABLE VOLATILITY1 TRANS=M+ !SE BL9D MOM5TS ( RAGE 9TO CONSCI\S 9SURRECTIONS - EV5 REVOLUTIONS4 ,ANY SOCIAL ORD] F\ND$ SO /RONGLY ON HI]>*Y =EV] CONTA9S ! SE$S ( ITS [N COLLAPSE4 ,9SURRECTION IS M]ELY ! SUDD5 BANG LET (F AS A /RUCTURE1 :I* HAD ALREADY LONG BE5 FALL+1 F9ALLY CRA%ES TO ! GR\ND4 

,IMAG9E A COLLECTIVE GASP = OXYG5 9 A LIFE DEF9$ BY SUFFOCATION4 ,A MILLION GE/URES ( 9DIGNITY1 PREVI\SLY SUFF]$ 9 SIL5CE1 ABRUPTLY COME TO ! SURFACE4 ,! ILLUSION ( SOCIAL CONTROL - HELD TOGE!R BY FE>1 NOT RESPECT - HAS BE5 DECISIVELY CA/ (F1 ALL SECTIONS ( SOCIETY 9VIT$ TO PROJECT !IR NEWF\ND FRE$OM 9TO ! VOID4 ,9SURRECTION DOESN'T DIV]T ! C\RSE ( ! DOM9ANT ORD]1 IT D]AILS IT4 ,WORK GR9DS TO A HALT1 /UD5TS REFUSE TO /UDY1 ! ECONOMY IS ?OR\<LY P>ALYZ$2 GOODS >E CIRCULAT$ )\T MONEY1 PUBLIC SPACES TRANS=M$ 9TO !AT]S ( DISCUSSION & FE/IVITY1 ! LABORATORIES ( EXPLOITATION OV]RUN 9 BROAD DAYLI<T4 ,FREE PLAY /REAMS ?R\< ! /REETS1 MANIFE/ 9 A MILLION DIFF]5T WAYS4 ,SU* IS ! SPIRIT ( 9SURRECTION4 ,IT IS SOCIAL1 NOT MILIT>Y - ! MOM5T 9 :I* DISSONANCE RESONATES4 

,! PO9T ( 9SURRECTION IS TO BEG9 ! REVOLUTION>Y PROCESS 9 ITS FULL 9T5SITY1 BYPASS+ ANY NOTIONS ( A TRANSITIONAL P]IOD4 ,SU* AN EV5T IS CLE>LY F> MORE PR(\ND ?AN ANY RIOT2 NONE!LESS1 IT'S ALSO DEF9$ BY ! FACT IT /OPS %ORT ( BR++ AB\T AN ACTUAL REVOLUTION1 FAIL+ TO HOLD D[N EI!R ! NECESS>Y TIME OR SPACE4 ,! QUANTITATIVE LIMITS ( ! UPRIS+1 H[EV]1 >E NO EXCUSE TO LABEL IT A FAILURE3 SU* AN 9T5SE 5C\NT] IS ITS [N REW>D1 :OLLY WOR?:ILE EV5 :5 TAK5 9 ISOLATION4 ,NOT ONLY ?AT1 9SURRECTIONS NURTURE ! POT5TIAL = MORE AMBITI\S EXP]IM5TATION1 = RUPTURES ?AT LA/4 ,EV5 ONCE ! FIRES HAVE GONE \T1 :AT REMA9S >E =G$ AFF9ITIES1 HON$ SKILLS1 DEEP5$ P]SPECTIVES4 ,& ! POPULATION AT L>GE HAS GOTT5 A TA/E = FRE$OM NO QUEUE AT ! POLL+ BOO? CAN SOON QUELL4 ,?IS IS A CONCRETE IDEA ( :AT IT LOOKS LIKE TO DO S]I\S DAMAGE TO ,LEVIA?AN1 EV5 IF IT ISN'T YET A DEA?BL[4 ,ALONG ! 9SURRECTIONAL PA?1 WE =GE BEYOND ! REVOLUTION>Y IMPASSE4 

,( C\RSE1 !RE'S A /RONG S5SE 9 :I* ?IS TOPIC - EQUAL P>TS FE/IVITY & DEVA/ATION - %\LDN'T BE DRESS$ UP 9 TOO MU* POETRY4 ,ESPECIALLY :5 TRUE FRE$OM IS A NOVELTY1 !RE >E MANY RISKS 9VOLV$1 RISKS ?AT %\LDN'T BE TRIVIALIZ$4 ,BUT :AT ALSO CANNOT BE D5I$ IS ?AT EV]Y PA?1 9CLUD+ 9ACTION1 NECESS>ILY COMES ) ITS [N HAZ>DS4 ,!RE >E NO EASY OPTIONS H]E4 ,NO PROMISES TO ESCAPE ! GRAVITY ( ! SITUATION4 ,AS IF ALL[+ ?+S TO CONT9UE LIKE ?IS W\LD BE ! NONVIOL5T OPTION8 ,SU* IS ! RI<T ( ! DOM9ANT CULTURE1 TO PRES5T ITSELF AS NEUTRAL1 AMBI5T1 EV5 AS IT RAVAGES ! FABRIC ( LIFE TO ITS V]Y CORE4 

,IT'S NOT AS IF WE *OSE TO BE BORN 9TO SU* MIS]ABLE CONDITIONS4 ,YET H[ WE RESPOND REMA9S 5TIRELY D[N TO US1 AN 9F9ITY ( POT5TIAL *OICES VIBRAT+ ?R\< EV]Y MOM5T4 ,! OPPORTUNITY TO LIVE PASSIONATELY LIES OP5 TO US /ILL - NO AU?ORIT>IAN REGIME C\LD EV] TAKE ?AT AWAY4 ,AS ,BONANNO ONCE PUT IT1 0,IT IS NOT A QUE/ION ( OPPOS+ HORROR ) HORROR1 TRAG$Y ) TRAG$Y1 DEA? ) DEA?4 ,IT IS A CONFRONTATION BETWE5 JOY & HORROR1 JOY & TRAG$Y1 JOY & DEA?40 

,! QUE/ION ( ORGANIZATION 

,H[ DO WE COORD9ATE ) ONE ANO!R1 COMRADES & BEYOND1 9 ORD] TO TRANS=M SOCIETY8 ,! HI/ORY ( AN>*ISM - ESPECIALLY ITS MO/ REVOLUTION>Y MOM5TS - IS RI* ) EXAMPLES ( L>GE1 =MAL ORGANIZATIONS ?AT CONC5TRAT$ MO/ OR ALL ASPECTS ( ! /RUGGLE )9 A S+LE /RUCTURE4 ,!SE W]E ORGANIZATIONS ( SYN!SIS1 SOME ( :I* /ILL EXI/3 !Y PROMOTE A SPECIFIC POLITICAL PROGRAM1 HOLD P]IODIC CONGRESSES TO MAKE UNIFI$ DECISIONS1 & AIM TO S]VE AS A M$IATOR BETWE5 P[] & ! MASSES4 ,H[EV]1 IT W\LD BE A BIG MI/AKE = AN>*I/S TO PLACE SU* AN ORGANIZATION - 9DE$1 ! R\TE ( =MAL ORGANIZATION ALTOGE!R - AT ! C5T] ( REVOLUTION>Y /RUGGLE TODAY4 ,AT ! V]Y LEA/1 ! OPTION %\LD BE CONSID]$ ONLY 9 LI<T ( SOME MAJOR RISKS4 

,CONSID]1 = ONE1 ! C5TRAL T5SION ( ANY AN>*I/ ORGANIZATION3 ! TRADE(F BETWE5 SIZE & HORIZONTALITY4 ,! L>G] AN ORGANIZATION BECOMES1 ! MORE HI]>*Y BECOMES NECESS>Y TO MA9TA9 ITS BASIC FUNCTIONS - 9 O!R WORDS1 ! MORE QUANTITATIVELY SUCCESSFUL ! ORGANIZATION1 ! LESS AN>*I/ IT CAN BE4 ,?IS IS SOME?+ NO AM\NT ( CONSCI\S PROC$URES1 SU* AS CONS5SUS DECISION-MAK+ OR A RIGID CON/ITUTION1 CAN SUCCESSFULLY ALLEVIATE4 ,AS A MATT] ( NECESSITY1 ANY ORGANIZATION 9CORPORAT+ ?\S&S1 HUNDR$S ( ?\S&S1 OR EV5 MILLIONS ( MEMB]S CAN MA9TA9 DIRECTION & COH]5CE ONLY AT ! CO/ ( EXT5SIVE SPECIALIZATION4 ,9 P>TICUL>1 ?OSE TASKS ?AT COMM& ! MO/ 9FLU5CE - M$IATION1 ACC\NT+1 PUBLICITY - BEG9 TO /AGNATE 9 ! H&S ( A FEW EXP]TS1 EI!R IMPLICITLY OR EXPLICITLY4 ,& :AT A SORRY \TCOME ?AT (F]S3 ANY L>GE AN>*I/ ORGANIZATION SOON BECOMES 9CAPABLE ( PREFIGUR+ ! V]Y WORLD IT'S SUPPOS$ TO BE BUILD+1 ! PR9CIPLE ( NONHI]>*ICAL ASSOCIATION RELEGAT$ TO A M]E AB/RACTION4 ,IF !RE'S ANY D\BT ON ?IS PO9T1 ?AT CAN ONLY BE BECAUSE ! VA/ MAJORITY ( AN>*I/ ORGANIZATIONS REMA9 WOEFULLY SMALL N[ADAYS4 ,AN HONE/ LOOK AT ! T[]+ BUREAUCRACY ( ! ,C,N,T 9 ,SPA9 DUR+ ! #a#i#cS - ! L>GE/ AN>*I/ ORGANIZATION !RE'S EV] BE51 9CORPORAT+ A MILLION & A HALF MEMB]S - PROVIDES AN UNAMBIGU\S PICTURE4 

,! L9K BETWE5 =MAL ORGANIZATION & HI]>*Y RUNS DEEP] YET2 BESIDES 9T]NAL HI]>*IES1 A SECOND MAJOR PROBLEM CONC]NS EXT]NAL ONES4 ,BUILT 9TO ! LOGIC ( ! ORGANIZATION ( SYN!SIS IS ! HIDD5 ASSUMPTION ?AT ORD9>Y PEOPLE >E 9CAPABLE ( ORGANIZ+ !MSELVES4 ,SOCIETY IS SPLIT BETWE5 ! PASSIVE MASSES ON ! ONE H&1 & ! 5LI<T5$ REVOLUTION>IES ON ! O!R2 ! ROLE ( REVOLUTION>IES CANNOT BE TO 5GAGE HORIZONTALLY ) ! RE/ ( ! POPULATION1 BUT 9/EAD TO APPROA* !M FROM ! PO9T ( VIEW ( RECRUITM5T OR $UCATION1 TO MAKE !M ONE ( US4 ,ALL POT5TIAL SOCIAL REALITIES >E DI/ILL$ 9TO A S+LE WAY ( DO+ ?+S1 AS IF WE ALONE HOLD ! ONE TRUE SET ( REVOLUTION>Y AIMS & PR9CIPLES4 ,SU* A MONOLI?IC APPROA* WAS NEV] REALI/IC1 MU* LESS SO TODAY3 HONE/LY SPEAK+1 MO/ PEOPLE WILL NEV] SEE ! NE$ TO JO9 \R ORGANIZATION1 TO /OMA* ALL ! LONG MEET+S & T$I\S SUBCULTURE4 ,! #b#a/ C5TURY HAS U%]$ 9 A HUMAN CONDITION ?AT'S UNFA?OMABLY COMPLEX1 CALL+ = A MU* RI*] DIV]SITY ( ORGANIZATIONAL =MS ?AN ! 0ONE BIG UNION0 MODEL ?AT WORK$ SO WELL 9 ! PA/4 ,?AT MEANS OP5+ \RSELVES UP TO A MORE PLURALI/IC NOTION ( /RUGGLE1 ONE ?AT AB&ONS ANY NOTIONS ( REVOLUTION>Y PRIMACY1 ESPECIALLY ?AT ( ! ORGANIZATION ( SYN!SIS4 

,IT ISN'T EV5 AS IF :AT =MAL ORGANIZATIONS LACK 9 PR9CIPLE !Y MAKE UP = 9 PRAGMATISM4 ,M]ELY 9 T]MS ( !IR CAPACITY TO ACTUALLY 5GAGE 9 /RUGGLE1 ! ORGANIZATION ( SYN!SIS HAS PROV5 9EFFECTIVE4 ,ANY /RUCTURE ( SIGNIFICANT SIZE MU/ SP5D ! BULK ( ITS TIME & 5]GY M]ELY ON MA9TA9+ ITSELF1 ! TASK ( PHYSICALLY CONFRONT+ P[] ALWAYS COM+ SECOND4 ,MEET+S >E N[ 9SUFF]ABLY LONG1 & ! ONLY VIABLE COLLECTIVE DECISIONS HAVE BECOME 9CREAS+LY TIMID & LEGALI/IC1 MEMB]S ALWAYS GO+ = ! L[E/ COMMON D5OM9ATOR JU/ SO EV]YONE CAN AGREE4 ,HAV+ SUCCUMB$ TO ! QUANTITATIVE GAME ( PUTT+ RECRUITM5T BE=E ALL ELSE1 REPUTATION HAS BECOME A PRIME VIRTUE1 & COMBATIVE ACTIONS >E NORMALLY CONDEMN$ 9 ! NAME ( NOT UPSETT+ PUBLIC OP9ION4 ,COMPROMISE & CONCILIATION >E 9/EAD ALWAYS FAVOR$ BY ! EM]G+ BUREAUCRACY1 ! RANK & FILE ( ! ORGANIZATION BETRAY$ TIME & TIME AGA94 ,NOR C\LD IT BE ANY O!R WAY3 ) OBVI\S LEAD]S1 HEADQU>T]S1 & MEMB]%IP LI/S1 ! ?REAT ( /ATE REPRESSION IS =EV] PRES5T1 SEV]ELY LIMIT+ ! SCOPE ( MILITANT ACTIVITY4 ,:AT Y\'RE LEFT )1 !RE=E1 AFT] FUNNEL+ SO MU* TIME & EF=T 9TO A GR& SYN!SIZ+ EF=T1 IS A LUMB]+1 9TROSPECTIVE MASS ?AT CAN BE US$ = LITTLE MORE ?AN PUTT+ ! BRAKES ON REAL /RUGGLE4 

,) ?IS CRITIQUE 9 M9D1 SOME W\LD RESPOND ?AT ! RISKS POS$ BY ! ORGANIZATION ( SYN!SIS >E 9DE$ A NECESS>Y EVIL4 ,P]HAPS ?IS R\TE (F]S US SOME?+ QUITE 9DISP5SABLE1 NAMELY1 ! PROSPECT ( UNITY ITSELF8 ,! NATION /ATE T[]S OV] US MORE OM9\SLY ?AN EV]1 ITS MILIT>Y1 POLICE =CE1 & REPRESSIVE TE*NOLOGY CONTA9$ )9 A S+LE1 COHESIVE /RUCTURE4 ,IT MI<T SEEM LIKE FOLLY NOT TO BUILD \R [N /RUCTURE1 RIGID & UNDIVID$1 TO CONT5D ) P[] ON ITS [N T]MS - AN ORGANIZATION /RONG] & MORE UNIFI$ ?AN ! /ATE ITSELF4 

,H[EV]1 ! PROBLEM ) TAK+ UNITY AS AN 5D IT ITSELF1 RA!R ?AN SIMPLY AS A TOOL TO BE APPLI$ DEP5D+ ON ! SITUATION1 IS ?AT IT ACTIVELY 9VITES ! CONC5TRATION ( P[]4 ,ANY /RUCTURE ?AT FANCIES ITSELF TO BE BUILD+ ! NEW WORLD 9 ! %ELL ( ! OLD CAN ONLY TURN \T TO BE A /ATE 9 WAIT+4 ,REMEMB] ?AT SOCIAL HI]>*Y1 BESIDES BE+ LOCALIZ$ 9 C]TA9 PHYSICAL OBJECTS1 IS ALSO A /ATE ( M9D2 IT'S ALWAYS SEEK+ TO REVIVE ITSELF1 & NOBODY IS IMMUNE TO ! ?REAT1 AN>*I/S 9CLUD$4 ,WE NE$ NOT REPEAT ! PA9FUL LESSONS ( ! PA/3 !RE'S NEV] BE5 A L>GE ORGANIZATION ( SYN!SIS ?AT HASN'T ALSO BE5 /ALE & BUREAUCRATIC1 EV5 SUBTLY AU?ORIT>IAN1 FUNCTION+ LIKE A POLITICAL P>TY TO ! EXT5T IT GR[S 9 SIZE1 ULTIMATELY FAVOR+ TO COLLABORATE ) P[] RA!R ?AN DE/ROY IT4 ,?IS IS NO ATTEMPT TO D5IGRATE SOME ( ! MO/ 9SPIR+ MOM5TS ( AN>*I/ HI/ORY1 BUT WE ALSO NE$ TO LE>N SOME H>D LESSONS2 LET'S NOT =GET ! 9TEGRATION ( ! ,C,N,T 9TO ! GOV]NM5T DUR+ ! ,SPANI% ,CIVIL ,W>1 TO ! EXT5T ?AT EV5 AN AN>*O-SYNDICALI/ TRADE UNION 5D$ UP RUNN+ ITS [N =C$ LABOR CAMPS4 

,=TUNATELY1 ?\<1 ?IS CRITIQUE W>RANTS NO /RATEGIC COMPROMISE4 ,9 %ORT1 ! QUALITY ( UNITY IS ESS5TIAL ONLY = ?OSE MOVEM5TS ATTEMPT+ TO SEIZE P[] RA!R ?AN DISMANTLE IT4 ,AMONG ,M>XI/S1 LIB]ALS1 & FASCI/S ALIKE1 UNITY IS ! VITAL +R$I5T ( !IR ORGANIZ+1 ! 9T5TION ALMO/ ALWAYS BE+ TO ASSUME ! FUNCTIONS ( ! /ATE 9 ONE S5SE OR ANO!R4 ,)\T UNITY1 ! /ATE IS 9CONCEIVABLE2 SU* A COMPLEX /RUCTURE CAN ONLY FUNCTION PROP]LY :5 OP]AT+ 9 A C5TRALIZ$ WAY1 =M+ A ROBU/ :OLE ?AT MA9TA9S COHESION BY RELAY+ ORD]S TO ! DIFF]5T P>TS4 ,ANY G5U9E %[S ( DIV]SITY >E A ?REAT TO ITS 9TEGRITY1 BECAUSE !Y UND]M9E ! S+UL>ITY ( ! SOCIAL BODY1 LESS5+ ! CAPACITY = A S+LE WILL TO BE IMPOS$ UPON IT4 ,BUT REMEMB] JU/ H[ LITTLE APPLICABILITY ?IS FRAMEWORK HAS TO \R [N DESIRES3 ! PO9T ISN'T TO EMULATE ! /ATE1 AS IF TO TREAT IT AS A RIVAL1 BUT 9/EAD TO DE/ROY IT4 ,& = ?IS PROJECT A FUNDAM5TALLY DIFF]5T LOGIC IS REQUIR$4 

,H]E'S AN IDEA3 AS F> AS EFFECTIVE LIB]T>IAN /RUGGLE IS CONC]N$1 A HI< DEGREE ( MULTI=MITY IS ! ESS5TIAL +R$I5T4 ,!RE'S MU* TO BE SAID = SOCIAL MOVEM5TS ?AT >E MESSY & FRAGM5T$1 EV5 TO ! EXT5T ?AT Y\'RE NOT LOOK+ AT A S+LE MOVEM5T ANY MORE1 BUT MANY DIFF]5T ONES ) FUZZY L9ES BETWE5 !M4 ,BUILD+ /RONG L9KS BETWE5 DIFF]5T FRONTS ( ! /RUGGLE IS ESS5TIAL = 5C\RAG+ ONE ANO!R TO GO FUR!R1 YET ! CIRCULATION ( 5]GIES MU/ ALSO REMA9 DEC5TRALIZ$1 DIFFUSE1 OR ELSE RISK D5Y+ VIGOR TO KEY >EAS ( 5GAGEM5T4 ,! REPRESSIVE TASK UND]TAK5 BY P[] - BY ! M$IA1 ESPECIALLY - WILL ALWAYS BE TO SCULPT US 9TO A COHESIVE SUBJECT1 SOME?+ ) DISC]NIBLE LEAD]S & DEM&S1 :I* CAN ?US BE EASILY CRU%$ OR ASSIMILAT$4 ,?IS IS :Y ! /RUGGLE MU/ ALWAYS PRIZE A DIV]SITY ( TACTICS & P]SPECTIVES1 EMP[]+ ALL P>TICIPANTS TO FI<T ON !IR [N BASIS1 & = !IR [N REASONS1 YET NONE!LESS AGA9/ A COMMON 5EMY4 

,MULTI=M /RUGGLES >E F> TOO DISJO9T$ & UNPR$ICTABLE = ! /ATE TO REPRESS 9 A /RAI<T=W>D WAY1 & ALSO = ! ,LEFT TO CO-OPT4 ,!Y'RE MORE 9VIT+ TO NEWCOM]S AS WELL1 (F]+ MASSIVE V>IATION ( POT5TIAL 9VOLVEM5T1 ALL[+ EV]YONE TO F9D !IR NI*E )\T COMPROMIS+4 ,& MULTI=M /RUGGLES1 F9ALLY1 >E MU* MORE EFFECTIVE AT GO+ ON ! (F5SIVE1 GIV5 ?AT ! /RUCTURES ( DOM9ATION >E N[ADAYS F> TOO MULTIFACET$ & COMPLEX - QUITE DEVOID ( ANY C5T] - = A MONOLI?IC APPROA* TO SUCCESSFULLY UNH+E4 ,IT W\LD BE F> BETT] TO AVOID ! FATAL ]ROR MADE BO? BY =MAL ORGANIZATIONS & >M$ /RUGGLE GR\PS1 NAMELY1 TO 5GAGE ) ! /ATE SYMMETRICALLY1 9 A FRONTAL ASSAULT1 :I* IS PRECISELY :]E IT WILL ALWAYS BE MILIT>ILY SUP]IOR4 

,(T5 WE SEE A SPLIT BETWE5 COMRADES AS A DISA/]1 BUT ?AT DEP5DS 5TIRELY ON Y\R P]SPECTIVE3 DIV]SITY IS ONLY A CURSE ONLY :5 CRAMM$ 9TO ! /UBBORN RUBRIC ( A MOVEM5T DEM&+ UNITY4 ,REMEMB] ?AT IT'S R>ELY ! DIFF]5CES BETWE5 US ?AT CAUSE CONFLICT1 BUT 9/EAD ONE'S REFUSAL TO RESPECT !M4 ,SU* DIFF]5CES >E 9EVITABLE1 & WE %\LD BE ?ANKFUL1 TOO1 BECAUSE DISAGREEM5T IS ONE ( ! SURE/ SIGNS ( VITALITY1 IF NOT ( FRE$OM ITSELF4 ,ESPECIALLY ) ! /RUGGLE = TOTAL LIB]ATION - DEF9$1 9 P>T1 BY ! PLURALITY ( ITS CONC]NS - !SE UNAVOIDABLE DIFF]5CES CAN ONLY BE A BLESS+4 ,! *ALL5GE IS M]ELY TO NURTURE DISAGREEM5T RESPECTFULLY1 BE>+ 9 M9D ?AT1 DESPITE ! DIV]G5T ME?ODS WE EMPLOY1 EA* ( !SE IS ULTIMATELY GR\ND$ 9 A %>$ NE$ TO DISMANTLE SOCIAL HI]>*Y ALTOGE!R4 

"9 "9 "9 

,?IS CRITIQUE SURELY BEGS ! QUE/ION3 IF NOT =MAL ORGANIZATION1 :AT 9/EAD8 ,= SOME TIME ALREADY1 9SURRECTION>Y AN>*I/S HAVE BE5 ORGANIZ+ ! ATTACK MA9LY ?R\< SMALL AFF9ITY GR\PS1 (T5 9CORPORAT+ >\ND HALF A DOZ5 7OR FEW]7 COMRADES4 ,AFF9ITY H]E REF]S TO RECIPROCAL KN[L$GE & MUTUAL BONDS ( TRU/1 AS WELL AS A %>$ PROJECT = 9T]V5+ 9 SOCIETY4 ,AFF9ITY GR\PS >E TEMPOR>Y & 9=MAL1 9CORPORAT+ NO (FICIAL MEMB]S OR BRAN*ES1 REFUS+ TO TAKE NUM]ICAL GR[? AS A BASIC GOAL4 ,ONE DOESN'T 0JO90 AN AFF9ITY GR\P ANY MORE ?AN Y\ JO9 A GR\P ( FRI5DS2 ! ACT ( SIGN+ UP TO AN ORGANIZATION IS DONE AWAY )1 9CLUD+ ! L>GELY SYMBOLIC NOTION ( 9VOLVEM5T IT (F]S4 ,!ORETICAL AGREEM5T IS (T5 A GOOD />T+ PO9T = BUILD+ AFF9ITY1 BUT ! VITAL ?+ IS TO F9D ?OSE ) :OM ONE CAN COMB9E LONG-T]M TRAJECTORIES = PRACTICAL 5GAGEM5T - AN ONGO+ PROCESS 9 :I* DISCUSSION IS ONLY ! FIR/ /EP4 

,BY REMA9+ SMALL & TI<TLY-KNIT1 AFF9ITY GR\PS REMA9 UNH9D]$ BY ! CUMB]SOME PROC$URES ?AT 9EVITABLY COME ) ORGANIZ+ AS A MASS4 ,!Y CAN RESPOND TO ANY SITUATION ) UTMO/ RAPIDITY1 CONT9UALLY REVIS+ ! PLAN 9 LI<T ( UNEXPECT$ DEVELOPM5TS1 MELT+ AWAY :5EV] FAC$ ) UNFAVORABLE ODDS4 ,?IS FLUID1 9=MAL T]RA9 ( /RUGGLE IS ALSO IMM5SELY DIFFICULT = LAW 5=CEM5T TO MAP \T & UND]M9E1 ESPECIALLY :5 IT COMES TO 9FILTRATION4 ,A DEC5TRALIZ$ ANATOMY %\LDN'T DISC\RAGE GR\PS FROM COORD9AT+ ) ONE ANO!R HORIZONTALLY1 FO/]+ ! BROAD] NETWORKS ( FRI5D%IP & COMPLICITY NECESS>Y TO UND]M9E P[] ON A L>GE SCALE4 ,! PO9T IS ONLY ?AT AFF9ITY GR\PS REMA9 FULLY AUTONOM\S1 9 NO WAY B\ND TO SACRIFICE SPONTANEITY = ! SAKE ( COHESION1 ALWAYS WAIT+ = ! GRE5 LI<T FROM SOME HI<] BODY PRIOR TO TAK+ ACTION4 ,P]HAPS ?IS DESCRIPTION S\NDS FAMILI>3 ANONYM\S1 FLEXIBLE1 & LEAD]LESS1 SU* IS EXACTLY ! 9=MAL COMPOSITION UTILIZ$ ) GREAT SUCCESS BY ! ,A,L,F_/,E,L,F4 ,! MA9 DIFF]5CE IS ?AT 9SURRECTIONAL /RUGGLE 9CLUDES A BROAD] RANGE ( ACTIVITY1 ! QUE/ION ( H[ BE/ TO G5]ALIZE REVOLT ALWAYS TAK5 9TO CONSID]ATION4 

,9 ANY CASE1 L>GE AN>*I/ ORGANIZATIONS >E APP>5TLY A ?+ ( ! PA/1 HAV+ DIS9TEGRAT$ 9 UNISON ) ! WORK]I/ GLUE ?AT ONCE HELD !M TOGE!R4 ,BUT ?AT DOESN'T MEAN WE'RE 9 ! CLE>4 ,!RE'S /ILL A V]Y REAL RISK ( EXACTLY ! M9DSET UND]P9N+ ! ORGANIZATION ( SYN!SIS - ! EMPHASIS ON UNI=MITY & RESPECTABILITY1 AS WELL AS ! SUBTLE MI/RU/ ( AUTONOM\S /RUGGLE - M]ELY RE9V5T+ ITSELF 9 :ATEV] CONTEMPOR>Y =M1 AS IT WILL ALWAYS ATTEMPT TO DO4 ,WE SAW EXACTLY ?AT MANIFE/ 9 ! BUREAUCRATIC1 C5TRALIZ+ T5D5CIES ?AT /IFL$ MU* ( ! 5]GY ( ,OCCUPY & ,NUIT ,DEB\T 7MO/ MEMORABLY1 !RE W]E ?OSE :O REFUS$ TO CONDONE ABSOLUTELY ANY?+ ?AT HADN'T FIR/ RECEIV$ P]MISSION FROM ! G5]AL ASSEMBLY74 ,?IS 9SI/5CE ON SCULPT+ A MULTI=M POPULATION 9TO A MONOLI?IC SUBJECT - 9 ESS5CE1 ! DET]M9ATION TO LAY D[N ! LAW - IS ALWAYS LURK+ AMONG MOVEM5TS ) REVOLUTION>Y POT5TIAL4 ,P]HAPS IT'S NO EXAGG]ATION TO SAY ?AT SU* AN ATTITUDE1 WRIT L>GE1 IS EXACTLY :AT DEV\R$ ! 9ITIAL BEAUTY ( ! #a<i ,FR5* ,REVOLUTION1 #aiag ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION1 & #baa ,EGYPTIAN ,REVOLUTION ALIKE4 ,ALMO/ ALL PREVI\S REVOLUTIONS W]E DEF9$ AT FIR/ BY A SPONTANE\S1 UNGOV]NABLE \TP\R+ ( DISCONT5T2 ONCE ?AT 5]GY LO/ PACE1 H[EV]1 IT WAS GRADUALLY REMOLD$ 9TO REPRES5TATIONAL =MS - ELECTIONS1 NEGOTIATIONS1 BUREAUCRACY - & ITS ORIG9AL CONT5T DECISIVELY *OK$ \T4 ,BETWE5 !SE TWO PHASES1 ! POSSIBILITY ( A REVOLUTION ?AT GETS TO ! ROOT ( DISMANTL+ P[]1 RA!R ?AN M]ELY RE%UFFL+ IT1 DEP5DS ON ELIM9AT+ ?IS SECOND PHASE COMPLETELY4 ,9 ITS PLACE1 ! FIR/ MU/ BE EXT5D$ T[>DS 5COMPASS+ ! :OLE ( EV]YDAY LIFE4 ,9=MAL ORGANIZATION FACILITATES ?IS \TCOME TO ! HI<E/ DEGREE1 PRECISELY BECAUSE IT PROMOTES A T]RA9 ( /RUGGLE ?AT IS 9CONV]TIBLE TO ! FUNCTIONS ( /ATE P[]4 

,9 ANY CASE1 NO?+ (F]$ H]E AM\NTS TO A COMPLETE BLUEPR9T4 ,?IS IS NOT A PROGRAM6 ,COMRADES MI<T WELL DECIDE1 ACCORD+ TO !IR LOCAL CIRCUM/ANCES1 ?AT SOME DEGREE ( =MAL ORGANIZATION REMA9S 9DISP5SABLE = TASKS SU* AS GETT+ NEW PEOPLE 9VOLV$1 PLANN+ ABOVEGR\ND EV5TS1 & PROCUR+ RES\RCES4 ,:I* IS TO SAY1 ONCE AGA91 ?AT ! CONCLUSION (F]$ H]E IS ONLY A M9IMAL ONE3 =MAL ORGANIZATIONS CANNOT BE CONSID]$ ! LOCUS ( REVOLUTION>Y /RUGGLE ALTOGE!R1 AS MAY HAVE BE5 ! CASE 9 YE>S GONE BY4 ,!Y MU/ 9/EAD BE READY TO ADOPT A MORE MODE/1 SUPPORTIVE ROLE1 /ICK+ TO OBJECTIVES BO? SPECIFIC & TEMPOR>Y1 REMA9+ EAG] TO TAKE A /EP BACK OR EV5 DISB& 5TIRELY IF NE$$4 ,RA!R ?AN FALL+ BACK ON \TDAT$ =MULAS1 TIR$ & 9FLEXIBLE1 TOTAL LIB]ATION MEANS EMBRAC+ ! FULLE/ MULTI=MITY1 WILD & UNGOV]NABLE - ! ONLY K9D ( 5]GY CAPABLE ( BR++ SOCIAL HI]>*Y TO RU94 

,DECEMB] '#h 

,DECEMB] #f1 #b#h1 ,A!NS4 ,= ! NEI<BORHOOD ( ,EX>*EIA1 IT'S A FAMILI> SC5E4 ,! C5TRAL SQU>E IS BUZZ+1 9T]SP]S$ ) Y\?S HANG+ \T & TRAVEL]S FRAT]NIZ+4 ,!Y'RE SURR\ND$ BY ! USUAL BU/LE ( CAFES & B>S1 AS WELL AS CR[D$ CORN] %OPS SELL+ *EAP BE]4 ,A FEW BLOCKS AWAY1 RIOT COPS /& GU>D1 BUT ONLY AS !Y DO EV]Y EV5+1 M>K+ \T ! BORD] ( ?IS UNRULY NEI<BORHOOD4 ,SU* IS H[ ?+S />T \T1 ANYWAY1 BUT IT'S NOT H[ !Y 5D4 ,AT >\ND #iPM1 SOME?+ UNUSUAL HAPP5S1 SOME?+ ?AT TE>S A HOLE 9 ! V]Y SOCIAL FABRIC4 ,TWO COPS />T M\?+ (F AT A GR\P ( KIDS ON ,TZAVELLA ,/REET1 ONLY TO LEAVE 9 !IR PATROL C>4 ,!Y P>K R\ND ! CORN]1 RETURN+ ON FOOT4 ,N[ ONE ( ! COPS PULLS \T HIS GUN1 FIR+ A FEW BULLETS1 /RIK+ Y\NG ,ALEXIS ,GRIGOROP\LOS - A FIFTE5-YE>-OLD AN>*I/ - 9 ! HE>T4 ,ALEXIS DIES 9 ! >MS ( HIS FRI5DS1 IF NOT 9/ANTLY4 ,IT'S A DIZZY+ MOM5T1 ! K9D ?AT DOESN'T SEEM REAL4 ,& )9 SECONDS EV]Y?+ EXPLODES4 

,ALREADY 9SIDE ! H\R1 FI]CE RIOT+ ]UPTS ?R\<\T ,EX>*EIA4 ,!N IT SPREADS BEYOND ! NEI<BORHOOD1 P]MEAT+ ! CITY ( ,A!NS ) LI<TN+ PACE4 ,9 C\NTLESS LOCATIONS1 BANKS >E TRA%$1 POLICE /ATIONS LAID TO SIEGE1 LUXURY %OPS RANSACK$ - EV5 A %OPP+ MALL IS BURNT TO ! GR\ND4 ,MEAN:ILE1 ?REE UNIV]SITIES >E OCCUPI$1 & IDLE REVEL]S >E QUICKLY DRAWN 9TO ! FRAY4 ,! NEWS SPREADS FA/1 MA9LY BETWE5 FRI5DS RA!R ?AN ! M$IA1 & ALREADY ?AT NI<T CONCURR5T RIOTS TAKE PLACE 9 DOZ5S ( CITIES ACROSS ,GREECE4 ,! NEXT DAY1 !RE >E ?\S&S ON ! /REETS 9 EV]Y CORN] ( ! C\NTRY1 ! CLA%ES CONT9U+ TO MULTIPLY )\T 9T]RUPTION4 ,MO/ EXPECT ?+S TO CALM D[N N[1 :AT ) ! WEEK5D DRAW+ TO A CLOSE1 BUT 9/EAD ! V]Y OPPOSITE HAPP5S4 ,ON ,MONDAY MORN+1 /UD5TS EV]Y:]E AB&ON !IR CLASSES1 & HUNDR$S ( S*OOLS & UNIV]SITIES >E OCCUPI$4 ,9 VILLAGES NO ONE HAS HE>D (1 !RE >E SC5ES ( TWELVE-YE>-OLDS DEFEAT+ ! POLICE1 RECLAIM+ ! /REETS FROM /ATE OCCUPATION4 ,CLE>LY !RE'S SOME?+ SPECIAL 9 ! AIR1 CAUS+ ! ILLUSION ( SOCIAL CONTROL TO DISSIPATE4 ,! ,*RI/MAS TREE 9 ,SYNTAGMA ,SQU>E1 ,A!NS1 IS TOR*$ & RE-TOR*$2 9 ,ZEFYRI1 ! ,ROMA COMMUNITY ATTACK A POLICE /ATION ) !IR RIFLES2 ALMO/ EV]Y:]E T[N HALLS >E OCCUPI$ AMID A BACKDROP ( LOOT$ SUP]M>KETS4 ,EV5 ! /ATE-[N$ BROADCA/+ /UDIOS >E 9VAD$1 ) PROTE/]S 9T]RUPT+ AN ANN\NCEM5T BY ! PRIME M9I/] ON LIVE TELEVISION4 ,!Y DISPLAY A BANN] ?AT READS SIMPLY 0/OP WAT*+1 GET \T 9TO ! /REETS40 ,BUT !Y W]E M]ELY PO9T+ \T ! OBVI\S4 ,ONLY T[>DS ! 5D ( ! MON? DOES NORMALITY BEG9 TO RETURN1 & CAUTI\SLY AT ?AT4 

,A LOT C\LD BE SAID AB\T ,DECEMB] '#h1 BUT P]HAPS ! MO/ REM>KABLE ?+ WAS H[ PR(\NDLY IT BROKE D[N SOCIAL B>RI]S4 ,?IS WASN'T JU/ ANO!R FLURRY ( AN>*I/ RIOTS1 BUT 9/EAD A MOM5T 9 :I* ! REVOLUTION>Y SPIRIT RESONAT$ UNMI/AKABLY ACROSS ! POPULATION4 ,/UD5TS1 WORK]S1 MIGRANTS1 & ! UNEMPLOY$ ALL (F]$ UNIQUE CONTRIBUTIONS1 !IR 9VOLVEM5T VA/LY EXCE$+ :AT ANYONE C\LD HAVE EXPECT$4 ,ME?ODS ?AT = YE>S HAD BE5 EXCLUSIVE TO AN>*I/S - ATTACKS AGA9/ P[]1 HORIZONTAL ORGANIZATION1 ! REFUSAL ( DEM&S - SUDD5LY BECAME MA9/REAM1 BLURR+ ! B\ND>IES BETWE5 ! 9SURG5TS & ! POPULATION AT L>GE4 ,& ?AT1 9 ESS5CE1 IS ! MEAN+ ( 9SURRECTION3 AN>*Y BEYOND ! AN>*I/S4 

,SU* AN \TCOME WAS NO ACCID5T4 ,IT WAS 9/EAD MADE POSSIBLE ONLY BY YE>S ( CONSID]$ P>TICIPATION 9 ! /RUGGLE1 LAY+ ! GR\NDWORK = REVOLT TO G5]ALIZE4 ,ONE ( ! MO/ VISIBLE FEATURES ( ! ,GREEK AN>*I/ MOVEM5T HAD ALWAYS BE5 AN EMPHASIS ON ATTACK1 :I* COMMUNICAT$ REPRODUCIBLE TACTICS TO ! RE/ ( ! POPULATION ?AT C\LD EASILY BE UTILIZ$ 5 MASSE 9 ! FUTURE4 ,HAD ! YE>S ( /RUGGLE PRIOR TO #bh BE5 DEF9$ BY TIMID1 LEGALI/IC PROTE/1 IT'S LIKELY ! DEA? ( ,ALEXIS W\LD HAVE BE5 MET ) MORE ( ! SAME4 ,YET BY DEFY+ ! SUBMISSIVE LOGIC ( ! ,LEFT1 & PROV+ ?AT MEAN+FUL RESI/ANCE IS ALWAYS POSSIBLE1 ! \TCOME WAS ?AT AN 9SURRECTIONAL /ORM HAD ALREADY LONG S9CE BE5 BREW+1 M]ELY WAIT+ = ! RI<T MOM5T TO SMA% ! FLOODGATES ( ! AN>*I/ MILIEU4 

,NOT ONLY ?AT1 !SE YE>S ( COMBATIVE 5GAGEM5T S]V$ TO PREP>E ! AN>*I/S !MSELVES AT LEA/ AS MU* AS ANYONE ELSE4 ,IT'S NO SMALL MATT] ?AT ONLY ?R\< ACT+ DO Y\ LE>N H[ TO ACT1 DEVELOP+ ! SKILLS & AFF9ITY NECESS>Y TO PROCE$ FUR!R1 MAXIMIZ+ Y\R POT5TIAL TO 9T]V5E EFFECTIVELY 9 ! UNPR$ICTABLE MOM5TS ( TURBUL5CE =EV] ON ! HORIZON4 ,?IS IS ! K9D ( KN[L$GE ?AT CANNOT BE TAU<T 9 ANY BOOK4 ,& YET )\T IT ! 9SURRECTION 9 ,GREECE W\LD HAVE BE5 IMPOSSIBLE4 

,ANO!R ?+ TO NOTE AB\T ,DECEMB] '#h WAS ITS 9=MAL1 LEAD]LESS COMPOSITION4 ,HAD ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T 9 ,GREECE BE5 UNIFI$ )9 A S+LE /RUCTURE1 ) COMRADES ALWAYS SEEK+ TO REA* WIDESPREAD CONS5SUS BE=E TAK+ ACTION1 !RE'S NO WAY ! 9SURRECTION W\LD HAVE HAPP5$4 ,IT'S ONLY BECAUSE V>I\S AFF9ITY GR\PS W]E =EV] READY TO TAKE ! 9ITIATIVE - IMM$IATELY KICK+ (F ! RIOTS ) A HI< DEGREE ( 9T5SITY1 & OCCUPY+ ! UNIV]SITIES SO EV]YONE C\LD GA!R - ?AT ! RAGE FELT AT ! MURD] ( ,ALEXIS WASN'T SIMPLY 9T]NALIZ$4 ,MOREOV]1 HAD ! 9SURRECTION HELD A S+LE PROGRAM OR A UNIFI$ SET ( OBJECTIVES1 ! /ATE W\LD HAVE HAD AN EASY TIME REPRESS+ IT1 KN[+ EXACTLY :]E TO MASS ITS =CES4 ,IT WAS PRECISELY BECAUSE ! 9SURRECTION WAS SO BRILLIANTLY MULTI=M - EXPRESS+ A VA/ DIV]SITY ( TACTICS & P>TICIPANTS1 :IL/ REMA9+ GR\ND$ 9 A %>$ DESIRE TO FI<T ! SY/EM ALTOGE!R - ?AT IT PROV$ IMPOSSIBLE TO CONTA94 

,BUT !RE W]E ALSO KEY LIMITATIONS TO ! 9SURRECTION1 BLOCKAGES :I* NE$ CLE>+ = NEXT TIME4 ,9 P>TICUL>1 IT HAS (T5 BE5 SAID ?AT ,DECEMB] '#h WASN'T BR\<T D[N BY EXT]NAL =CES1 BUT 9/EAD BY ITS FAILURE TO PROVIDE AN ALT]NATIVE TO :AT IT WAS FI<T+4 ,?R\<\T ! MON?1 ! AU?ORITIES HAD NO *ANCE ( CLE>+ ! 9SURG5TS (F ! /REETS1 AT LEA/ NOT BY =CE4 ,! MOD]N ,GREEK /ATE HAS ALWAYS BE5 PRETTY WEAK1 & H]E IT WAS 9 A CRITICAL CONDITION1 AS IF READY TO COLLAPSE4 ,! POLICE1 :O AT TIMES RAN \T ( TE> GAS1 HAD BE5 VANQUI%$4 ,& ! GOV]NM5T WAS TOO AFRAID TO CALL 9 ! >MY1 QUITE AW>E ( ! RUMORS ( MASS DEFECTION4 ,9 ?IS MOM5T1 REVOLUTION WAS LIT]ALLY POSSIBLE4 ,YET = SOME REASON ! POPULATION DIDN'T GO FUR!R4 ,BY ! TIME ,*RI/MAS CAME R\ND1 EV]YONE WAS EXHAU/$ FROM WEEKS ( FI<T+1 & ) ALL ! BANKS ALREADY GUTT$1 IT WAS UNCLE> :AT %\LD HAPP5 NEXT4 ,ONCE ! RAGE BEGAN TO SUBSIDE1 !RE=E1 ! DEMON/RATIONS /OPP$ & ! OCCUPATIONS W]E AB&ON$1 EV5 ?\< EV]YONE KNEW :AT !Y HAD SET \T TO DE/ROY W\LD SOON RECUP]ATE4 ,CLE>LY IT WASN'T A MATT] ( DESIRE1 BUT 9/EAD ( IMAG9ATION3 ! UPRIS+ HAD BRIDG$ ! GAP BETWE5 RIOT & 9SURRECTION1 BUT NOT BETWE5 9SURRECTION & REVOLUTION4 ,NOR %\LD WE REALLY BE SURPRIS$4 ,P]HAPS WE NO LONG] KN[ :AT A REVOLUTION W\LD EV5 LOOK LIKE4 

,?IS ISN'T ! ONLY TIME 9 REC5T MEMORY A MAJOR 9SURRECTION 9 ! ,GLOBAL ,NOR? /OPP$ %ORT ( ITS REVOLUTION>Y AMBITIONS4 ,SOME?+ SIMIL> ALREADY HAPP5$ ) ,MAY '#f#h 9 ,FRANCE1 :5 WEEKS ( COMP>ABLY 9T5SE RIOT+ MORE OR LESS SIMPLY FIZZL$ \T4 ,/UD5T UPRIS+S1 WORKPLACE OCCUPATIONS1 & ! L>GE/ WILDCAT /RIKE 9 ,FR5* HI/ORY HAD L$ TO ! DECISIVE BREAKD[N ( NORMALITY4 ,) ! ?REAT ( AN>*Y 9 ! AIR1 & KEY GOV]NM5T BUILD+S AT RISK ( BE+ /ORM$1 ! PRESID5T ,*>LES DE ,GAULLE SUDD5LY LEFT ! C\NTRY1 APP>5TLY TO SECURE ! LOYALTY ( CRUCIAL SECTIONS ( ! MILIT>Y4 ,HE RETURN$ SOME H\RS LAT]1 TAK+ TO ! RADIO TO W>N ! C\NTRY ( ABSOLUTE P>ALYZES - 9DE$1 ( CIVIL W>4 ,:I* WAS A /RIK+LY HONE/ ADMISSION6 ,& YET1 = MANY1 IT WAS ALSO ! OBVI\S TURN+ PO9T4 ,ALREADY = WEEKS ! CLA%ES HAD ?UND]$ ON1 BUT !Y C\LDN'T CONT9UE ON ?AT PLANE =EV]2 EI!R !Y W\LD PROGRESS TO ! LEVEL ( SOME?+ MORE REVOLUTION>Y1 OR ELSE M]ELY RUN \T ( /EAM4 ,IT WAS1 ( C\RSE1 ! LATT] ?AT HAPP5$4 ,BUT :AT A CURI\S SITUATION3 EV5 ?\< REVOLUTION SEEM$ G5U9ELY POSSIBLE1 SOMEH[ ! PEOPLE DIDN'T GO FUR!R1 AS IF !Y HAD BE5 MET ) AN 9VISIBLE B>RI]4 ,SPEAK+ ( :I*3 DEJA VU1 ANYONE8 ,APP>5TLY ! V]Y SAME B>RI] HAS BE5 R$ISCOV]$ BY ! GILETS JAUNES1 ?IS TIME HALF A C5TURY LAT]4 

,9 ,FRANCE1 AS 9 ,GREECE1 Y\ C\LD SAY ! POPULATION HAD >RIV$ AT A REVOLUTION>Y PRECIPICE3 ! PO9T ( NO RETURN1 BEYOND :I* NO?+ W\LD BE ! SAME AGA94 ,TO TAKE ?AT /EP1 SMA%+ ALL ! MIS]ABLE C]TA9TIES ( ?IS WORLD1 IS SURELY ! /UFF ( \R WILDE/ DREAMS4 ,YET TO DO SO )9 ! CURR5T CONDITIONS IS IMPOSSIBLE1 BECAUSE DE/ROY+ ! SY/EM WE DEP5D UPON SO HEAVILY 9 MAT]IAL T]MS - = FOOD1 5]GY1 ACCOMMODATION1 & SO ON - W\LD BE MASS SUICIDE1 PLA9 & SIMPLE4 ,! EMB>RASS+ FACT IS ?AT1 BY & L>GE1 WE DON'T YET KN[ H[ TO FE$ \RSELVES )\T CAPITALISM 7EV5 SKIPP+ & %OPLIFT+ CONFIRM A RELATION%IP ( DEP5D5CE74 ,:I* IS A MASSIVE PROBLEM1 GIV5 ?AT PEOPLE WILL ALWAYS *OOSE GOV]NM5T OV] />VATION1 EV5 IF !Y KN[ IT'S JU/ ! LESS] ( TWO EVILS4 ,AS SU*1 UNTIL WE SUCCESSFULLY COMB9E FI<T+ & LIV+ 9 A REPRODUCIBLE WAY1 ALL TALK ( REVOLUTION WILL =EV] REMA9 PURE !ORY4 

,COMP>E !SE 9SURRECTIONS ) ,CATALONIA1 #aicf - ! BE/ KN[N EXAMPLE ( AN>*I/ REVOLUTION4 ,IT W\LD BE EASY TO UND]/& ! EV5T AS HAV+ OCCURR$ 9 A DAY OR TWO1 AT ! MOM5T 9 :I* ! WORK]S DEFEAT$ ! FASCI/ C\P & SEIZ$ ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION4 ,YET SU* A SIMPLI/IC P]SPECTIVE RISKS OBSCUR+ ! VITAL YE>S ( /RUGGLE ?AT TOOK PLACE ?R\<\T ! PREC$+ DECADES4 ,?IS 9CLUD$ A NUMB] ( IMPORTANT 9SURRECTIONS1 EA* ( :I* BR\<T ! POPULATION AT L>GE CLOS] TO ! POSSIBILITY ( P]MAN5T RUPTURE4 ,BUT ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T ALSO HAD A MORE CON/RUCTIVE SIDE1 TAK+ YE>S TO DEVELOP ! VITAL ELEM5TS ( A CONCRETE SOCIAL ALT]NATIVE1 OR :AT ,BOOK*9 DESCRIB$ 9 ,! ,SPANI% ,AN>*I/S 7#b#a7 AS A 0C\NT]SOCIETY40 ,?IS ASPECT ( ! MOVEM5T WAS *>ACT]IZ$1 = EXAMPLE1 BY ! IMPORTANCE ( V>I\S SOCIAL C5T]S - MA9LY RUN BY ! SYNDICALI/ UNIONS - ?AT W]E US$ AS BASES TO HOLD MEET+S1 RUN WORK%OPS1 & DISSEM9ATE LIT]ATURE4 ,*ILDR5 W]E $UCAT$ AT SELF-ORGANIZ$ LIB]T>IAN S*OOLS1 \TSIDE ( CONTROL BY *UR* & /ATE2 NOR W]E !Y BAPTIZ$ OR REGI/]$ = BIR? C]TIFICATES1 JU/ AS !IR P>5TS REFUS$ TO 5T] 9TO LEGAL M>RIAGES4 ,MONEY WASN'T P>TICUL>LY USEFUL H]E1 EI!R1 ) ! FABRIC ( ?IS C\NT]SOCIETY BE+ HELD TOGE!R MA9LY BY BONDS ( AFF9ITY & MUTUAL AID4 ,ONE ( ! ?+S ?AT MADE ! ,SPANI% AN>*I/ MOVEM5T SUCCESSFUL1 !RE=E1 IS ?AT IT HAD ALREADY CON/RUCT$ ITS [N WORLD1 FO/]+ ! EXP]I5CES NECESS>Y = PEOPLE TO TRU/ 9 !IR [N ABILITIES4 ,IT MEANT ?AT1 :5 ! BIG DAY >RIV$1 ! AN>*I/S W]E QUITE CAPABLE ( SEIZ+ ! OPPORTUNITY1 HAV+ CONV9C$ A CRITICAL MASS ( ! POPULATION ?AT ! RISKS ASSOCIAT$ ) REVOLUTION W]E LESS] ?AN ?OSE ( KEEP+ ?+S ! SAME4 

,!RE'S A GREAT DEAL ( FUTILITY ?AT COMES ) APPLY+ 9SURRECTIONAL ME?ODS TO ! EXCLUSION ( O!R =MS ( /RUGGLE4 ,A GREAT DEAL ( MISCOMPREH5SION1 TOO1 BECAUSE 9SURRECTION>Y AN>*ISM WAS NEV] SUPPOS$ TO (F] A COMPLETE IDEOLOGY OR BLUEPR9T = ! FUTURE1 ONLY AN ONGO+ PRACTICE AIM$ AT DISMANTL+ ! MO/ CONCRETE ASPECTS ( P[] - SPECIFICALLY1 ! /ATE & CAPITAL4 ,IT CAN BE COMB9$ ) MORE SUB/ANTIVE POLITICAL VISIONS1 & 9DE$ IT MU/1 IF IT'S GO+ TO WORK4 ,AS LONG AS REVOLUTION MEANS NOT ONLY ! 5D ( ! CURR5T ORD]1 BUT ALSO ( EV]YONE ELSE ALONG ) IT1 Y\ CAN BE SURE IT'S NOT GO+ TO HAPP54 ,9SURRECTION1 MAYBE1 BUT NEV] REVOLUTION4 ,9SURRECTION IS EASI]1 BECAUSE IT DOESN'T W>RANT SP5D+ SO MU* TIME ON CON/RUCTIVE EF=TS4 ,BUT TO HONE/LY EXPECT ! POPULATION TO GO BEYOND A FEW WEEKS ( RAGE & P>T WAYS ) ! SY/EM DECISIVELY - TO EXPECT P>LIAM5T NOT TO BE REBUILT EV5 AFT] IT'S BE5 BURNT D[N - Y\ NE$ TO ?9K AB\T (F]+ AN ALT]NATIVE4 ,NOT NECESS>ILY AN ALT]NATIVE SY/EM1 & C]TA9LY NO?+ UNI=M1 BUT /ILL SOME?+4 ,SOME K9D ( ASSURANCE REVOLUTION WON'T BE ! DEA? ( US4 

,?IS T\*ES ON AN IMPORTANT PO9T1 BO? = LIFE & REVOLUTION3 9 ORD] TO ADVANCE )9 ANY GIV5 SITUATION1 IT'S ALWAYS NECESS>Y TO BALANCE CREATION ) DE/RUCTION4 ,REGA9+ A REVOLUTION>Y P]SPECTIVE MEANS 9ITIAT+ ! ATTACK 9 CONJUNCTION ) BUILD+ WORK+ MODELS ( AN>*Y1 BO? ( !M ALREADY N[4 ,BECAUSE !RE'S NO DE/ROY+ SOME?+ Y\'RE PHYSICALLY 9CAPABLE ( LIV+ )\T3 0,?OSE :O PRET5D TO SPLIT MAT]IAL AUTONOMY FROM ! SABOTAGE ( ! IMP]IAL MA*9E %[ ?AT !Y WANT NEI!R0 7,CALL1 #b#c74 ,9SURRECTION IS VITAL1 GIV5 ?AT IT OP5S UP ! TIME & SPACE NECESS>Y TO POSE QUE/IONS ) ANY MEAN+4 ,BUT :AT ( ! POSITIVE CONT5T - 9DE$1 ! NEW WORLDS - ) :I* TO SCULPT \R ANSW]S8 

O ,*APT] #f 3 ,AUTONOM\S ZONES 
#f3 ,AUTONOM\S ZONES 

,REVOLUTION 9 ! REAL WORLD 

,P]HAPS ! MO/ 9FLU5TIAL >GUM5T LEVEL$ AGA9/ AN>*ISM IS ?AT IT JU/ ISN'T REALI/IC4 ,EV5 AMONG ?OSE :O FEEL AN IDEALI/IC ATTRACTION T[>DS ! PROSPECT ( A NONHI]>*ICAL SOCIETY1 IT CAN BE DIFFICULT TO SQU>E ?IS VISION ) ! REAL WORLD4 ,AFT] ALL1 WE'RE NOT ON ! CUSP ( A REVOLUTION3 !RE >E FEW C\NTRIES 9 ! WORLD TODAY 7IF ANY7 ) AN>*I/ MOVEM5TS CAPABLE ( BECOM+ MA9/REAM ANY TIME SOON4 ,CAN WE REALLY BE SURE ?AT REVOLUTION IS GO+ TO HAPP5 9 \R LIFETIMES8 ,:AT IF IT W]E NEV] TO HAPP58 ,IT'S WOR? ASK+444 ,( C\RSE1 MANY ( US FEEL ! IMM95T POT5TIAL = WIDESPREAD OR EV5 GLOBAL UPHEAVAL1 ESPECIALLY :5 WE'RE Y\NG4 ,AS WE GR[ OLD]1 ?\<1 WE (T5 %$ ?AT Y\?FUL OPTIMISM1 P]HAPS BECOM+ DISILLUSION$1 BURNT \T EV54 ,?IS IS NO D\BT A BIG PROBLEM4 ,& YET IT'S 5TIRELY AVOIDABLE4 

,MAYBE WE'VE BE5 TRICK$ 9TO LOOK+ AT IT ! WRONG WAY1 APPROA*+ ! ISSUE EXACTLY AS ! /ATI/S DO4 ,IF ! GOAL ( Y\R PROGRAM IS TO ASSUME CONTROL ( ! /ATE1 ITS SUCCESS WILL BE DET]M9$ BY ITS DEGREE ( IMPLEM5TATION NATIONWIDE4 ,MO/ PEOPLE T5D TO ?9K ( AN>*ISM1 TOO1 AS A PROJECT ?AT /ICKS TO NATIONAL B\ND>IES2 ON ?IS LEVEL1 IT CAN BE DISMISS$ AS UNREALI/IC1 GIV5 ?AT IT'S F> FROM BE+ ! MO/ POPUL> MOVEM5T 9 MO/ C\NTRIES4 ,YET SU* LOGIC IS REALLY ( LITTLE USE TO US4 ,AN>*Y ISN'T JU/ ANO!R OPTION - ALONG ) SOCIALISM1 LIB]ALISM1 CONS]VATISM1 & FASCISM - ON ! M5U ( AU?ORIT>IAN IDEOLOGIES4 ,/ATI/S MI<T BE \R 5EMIES1 BUT !Y'RE NOT \R RIVALS3 WE DON'T WANT :AT !Y WANT4 ,?AT MEANS EVALUAT+ \R [N PROSPECTS 9 A COMPLETELY DIFF]5T LI<T1 ONE ?AT REFUSES TO PLAY ! SAME ALL OR NO?+ GAME FOCUS$ >\ND A*IEV+ NATIONAL HEGEMONY4 ,9 %ORT1 AN>*Y - REAL AN>*Y - IS A*IEV$ )9 ANY T]RITORY1 NO MATT] H[ BIG OR SMALL1 9 :I* ! AU?ORITY ( /ATE & CAPITAL HAS BE5 DEEM$ NULL & VOID4 ,WE DON'T NE$ TO WAIT = ! REVOLUTION TO REALIZE \R DREAMS2 WE NE$ ONLY TAKE ! NECESS>Y PRACTICAL /EPS1 E/ABLI%+ \R LIVES \TSIDE ! GRIP ( C5TRALIZ$ CONTROL4 

,LOOK+ AT IT ?IS WAY1 ! UNCOMPROMIS+ NATURE ( AN>*ISM IS SOON R$EEM$ BY ! FACT ?AT - ON ! LEVEL ( QUALITY1 NOT QUANTITY - IT CAN BE IMPLEM5T$ 9 FULL EV5 )9 ! CURR5T HI/ORICAL CONTEXT4 ,A P]CEIV$ LACK ( WIDESPREAD SUPPORT IS NO EXCUSE = 9ACTION3 9/EAD ( WAIT+ ON L>GE NUMB]S TO BEG9 LIV+ WILD & FREE1 ALL WE NE$ IS A BIT ( DET]M9ATION4 ,& )\T TAK+ ?AT *ANCE1 NO LESS1 WE RISK RELEGAT+ AN>*Y TO ! REALM ( AB/RACTION1 NEV] TO ACTUALLY EXP]I5CE :AT WE'RE FI<T+ =4 ,HAKIM ,BEY PROVIDES SOME SOLID 9SPIRATION3 

,>E WE :O LIVE 9 ! PRES5T DOOM$ NEV] TO EXP]I5CE AUTONOMY1 NEV] TO /& = ONE MOM5T ON A BIT ( L& RUL$ ONLY BY FRE$OM8 ,>E WE R$UC$ EI!R TO NO/ALGIA = ! PA/ OR NO/ALGIA = ! FUTURE8 .<444.> ,TO SAY ?AT ',I WILL NOT BE FREE TILL ALL HUMANS 7OR ALL S5TI5T CREATURES7 >E FREE' IS TO SIMPLY CAVE 9 TO A K9D ( NIRVANA-/UPOR1 TO ABDICATE \R HUMANITY1 TO DEF9E \RSELVES AS LOS]S4 7,TEMPOR>Y ,AUTONOM\S ,ZONE1 #a#i#i#a7 

,! BEAUTY ( AN AUTONOM\S ZONE IS ?AT IT OP5S UP A RUPTURE ?AT LA/S1 ALREADY 5COMPASS+ ! :OLE ( EV]YDAY LIFE4 ,POT5TIAL C&IDATES 9CLUDE SQUATS1 OCCUPI$ UNIV]SITIES1 PROTE/ CAMPS1 WILDCAT /RIKES1 COMMUNAL G>D5S1 FREE P>TIES1 TRAVEL]S' SITES1 & EV5 RA9B[ GA!R+S4 ,FAMILI> EXAMPLES 9CLUDE ! T]RITORY ( ! ,ZAPATI/AS & ! ,M,O,V,E COMMUNES 9 ,PHILADELPHIA4 ,OR Y\ C\LD ?9K ( ,FREET[N ,*RI/IANA 9 ,COP5HAG51 AT LEA/ BE=E IT MADE ! GRADUAL PU% T[>DS LEGALIZATION4 ,! ,KURDI% T]RITORY ( ,ROJAVA1 =M] ,SYRIA1 %\LD BE ADD$ TO ! LI/1 DEP5D+ ON :E!R ONE AGREES ! /ATE & CAPITAL HAVE ACTUALLY BE5 DISMANTL$ !RE4 ,MOREOV]1 SOME ( ! L>GE/ AUTONOM\S ZONES >\ND TODAY >E ! LEA/ OV]TLY POLITICAL2 ?IS 9CLUDES ! ,ZOMIA ( ,S\!A/ ,ASIA1 AS WELL AS MANY 9T]IOR REGIONS ( SUB-,SAH>AN ,AFRICA1 :I* MANAG$ TO ESCAPE SUBJUGATION ( ! YE>S DESPITE 9CORPORAT+ MILLIONS ( 9HABITANTS4 ,SIMIL>LY1 ANY NON-CIVILIZ$ TRIBES /ILL SCATT]$ >\ND ! GLOBE 9HABIT AUTONOM\S ZONES1 EV5 IF !IR COMMUNITIES FALL )9 ! !ORETICAL B\ND>IES ( :I*EV] NATION /ATE4 ,ALL UNTAM$ >EAS ( WILD]NESS >E LA/ EXAMPLES4 

,9 ,EUROPE1 P]HAPS ! L>GE/ REC5T EXAMPLE ( AN AUTONOM\S ZONE WAS ! ,Z,A,D 7ZONE A DEF5DRE7 ( ,NOT]-,DAME-DES-,L&ES4 ,?IS />T$ \T 9 #bi AS A S+LE-ISSUE CAMPAIGN1 ) ! ILLEGAL OCCUPATION ( ! L& - APPROXIMATELY #b1 HECT>ES ( IT1 #a#dKM ACROSS AT ITS WIDE/ PO9T - BE+ APPLI$ M]ELY AS A MEANS ( BLOCK+ ! CON/RUCTION ( AN AIRPORT \TSIDE ( ,NANTES1 ,FRANCE4 ,YET :AT WAS ONCE A TACTIC SOON BECAME AN 5D 9 ITSELF3 )9 ?AT VA/1 LAWLESS ZONE1 A L>GE NUMB] ( RURAL COMMUNES W]E SET UP1 EA* ( !M UTILIZ+ ! OPPORTUNITY TO EXP]IM5T ) G5U9ELY AUTONOM\S WAYS ( LIV+4 ,! AU?ORITY ( ,FR5* LAW WAS MADE MEAN+LESS !RE1 & PRIVATE PROP]TY WAS SQUATT$ \T ( EXI/5CE2 /RICTLY SPEAK+1 ! ,Z,A,D1 :I* HAD BE5 LOV+LY DESCRIB$ BY ONE LOCAL POLITICIAN AS 0A T]RITORY LO/ TO ! ,REPUBLIC10 C\LDN'T EV5 BE REF]R$ TO AS A P>T ( ,FRANCE ANY MORE4 ,P]HAPS ?IS PROJECT - DEF9$ NOT ONLY BY ITS AUDACI\S VICTORIES AGA9/ /ATE 9VASION1 BUT 9 EQUAL P>TS BY ITS ABUNDANT VEGETABLE PLOTS1 M$IC9AL H]B G>D5S1 NUM]\S BAK]IES1 & PIRATE RADIO /ATION - EV5 EMBODI$ ! 9T5SITY ( AN>*I/ REVOLUTION1 ONLY REALIZ$ = N[ ON A SMALL] SCALE4 ,AT ! BEG9N+ ( #b#a#h1 ! ,MACRON REGIME F9ALLY ANN\NC$ IT W\LD SCRAP ITS PLANS TO DEVELOP ! >EA1 ADMITT+ DEFEAT TO ! L& DEF5D]S2 YET ! ,Z,A,DI/S ATTEMPT$ TO /AY1 AIRPORT OR NO AIRPORT4 ,COMP>$ ) AN AMBIGU\S TRADITION ( ECO-DEF5SE CAMPAIGNS1 9 :I* MO/ VICTORIES M]ELY RETURN US BACK TO SQU>E ONE1 ! ,Z,A,D (F]S A CLE> IDEA ( :AT TAK+ A /EP =W>D 9 ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ P[] C\LD LOOK LIKE4 

,BACK TO ! !ME ( TOTAL LIB]ATION1 AUTONOM\S ZONES CAN BE US$ TO DEMON/RATE ?AT EV5 ! MO/ UNCOMPROMIS+ ( VISIONS IS H>DLY UTOPIAN4 ,!RE'S NO NE$ TO FEEL OV]:ELM$ BY ! BREAD? ( :AT WE'RE FI<T+1 /RESS+ OV] :I* ISSUES TO PRIORITIZE3 ANY SUCCESSFUL AUTONOM\S ZONE OP5S UP ! TIME & SPACE NECESS>Y TO CALL EV]Y?+ 9TO QUE/ION4 ,ESPECIALLY ) MORE RURAL PROJECTS1 WE CAN OV]COME \R ALI5ATION FROM ONE ANO!R 9 COMB9ATION ) OV]COM+ \R ALI5ATION FROM ! L&4 ,ALONG ) OP5+ UP ! POSSIBILITY ( EXP]IM5T+ ) VEGAN HORTICULTURE \TSIDE ( A CAPITALI/ CONTEXT4 ,! BE/ 9SI<TS ( ANTI-SPECIESISM1 DEEP ECOLOGY1 & SOCIAL ECOLOGY - F> FROM BE+ RELEGAT$ TO ! CONF9ES ( PURE !ORY - >E 9VIT$ TO BLOOM 9 COMB9ATION ) ONE ANO!R1 ALREADY FULLY MANIFE/ 9 ! REAL WORLD4 ,WE NE$ NOT SWALL[ ! ASSOCIATION BETWE5 REALISM & COMPROMISE4 ,WE JU/ HAVE TO />T (F MORE MODE/LY4 

,:AT IF1 HYPO!TICALLY1 Y\ C\LD SEE 9TO ! FUTURE1 & DISCOV]$ ?AT ! REVOLUTION WAS NEV] TO OCCUR8 ,W\LD ! /RUGGLE /ILL BE WOR? IT8 ,! REALIZATION ( AUTONOM\S ZONES (F]S ONE GOOD REASON TO KN[ ?AT IT W\LD4 ,\R PROSPECTS >E NOT SO BLEAK ?AT1 ONLY AFT] G5]ATIONS ( ?ANKLESS SACRIFICE1 P]HAPS ! E>?L+S ( SOME PROPHESI$ AGE WILL F9ALLY BE FREE4 ,! JOY ( 9SURRECTION - :I*1 9 ESS5CE1 IS SURELY BUT ! JOY ( UNFL9*+ DEFIANCE - MU/ P]MEATE EV]Y?+ WE DO4 ,! DESIR$ QUANTITY MI<T ESCAPE US = ! TIME BE+1 BUT ! NECESS>Y QUALITY CAN BE REALIZ$ N[1 BE=E REVOLUTION - BE=E 9SURRECTION1 EV54 ,ALL 9 ALL1 !N1 WE HAVE AT LEA/ ONE ME?OD = TAK+ ! /RUGGLE =W>D3 9HABIT T]RITORIES1 \TSIDE & AGA9/ ! SY/EM1 :IL/ /RIV+ TO DISMANTLE ALL HI]>*IES )9 !M4 ,?AT'S NO COMPLETE /RATEGY1 BUT IT C]TA9LY (F]S A SOLID FOO?OLD4 

,ZONES ( RESI/ANCE 

,AT A GLANCE1 IT MI<T SEEM AS IF A T5SION IS >IS+ H]E4 ,:IL/ 9SURRECTIONAL ME?ODS ATTACK P[]1 P]HAPS AUTONOM\S ZONES ATTEMPT 9/EAD TO SLIP AWAY1 SEEK+ 9N] PEACE 9 A WORLD DEF9$ BY CATA/ROPHE4 ,?IS IS EXACTLY ! IDEA Y\ GET ) ,HAKIM ,BEY1 :OSE AUTONOM\S ZONES >E DEF9$ BY !IR 9SI/5CE ON DISB&+ RA!R ?AN RISK CONFRONT+ ! /ATE4 ,IT GOES )\T SAY+ ?AT LEAV+ ,LEVIA?AN TO IT AS IT DECIMATES ! PLANET ISN'T AN OPTION = MO/ ( US2 ?ANKFULLY1 ?\<1 SU* DEFEATISM ISN'T AN 9H]5T FEATURE ( AUTONOM\S ZONES ALTOGE!R4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 !SE EXP]IM5TS1 ASIDE FROM (F]+ ESS5TIAL PLACES ( IMM$IATE REFUGE1 >E JU/ AS 9DISP5SABLE = GO+ ON ! (F5SIVE4 

,OP5+ UP AN AUTONOM\S SPACE SETS A RALLY+ PO9T = COMRADES TO F9D EA* O!R1 %>E RES\RCES1 & COMB9E PROJECTS1 ALL ( :I* IS VITAL = LAUN*+ ! ATTACK4 ,RA!R ?AN DISP]S+ \RSELVES AMID ! SOCIAL T]RA91 !RE'S MU* TO BE SAID = FOCUS+ \R EF=TS )9 /RATEGIC LOCATIONS1 !REBY 9CREAS+ \R *ANCES ( HAV+ A TANGIBLE IMPACT4 ,IT'S NO CO9CID5CE ?AT ! ,ITALIAN AN>*I/ MOVEM5T ( ! #a#i#gS & '#hS WAS DEF9$ NOT ONLY BY ITS =MULATION ( ! 9SURRECTION>Y T5D5CY1 BUT ALSO BY ITS VA/ NETWORK ( SQUATT$ SOCIAL C5T]S4 ,MOREOV]1 ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5TS ( ,*ILI & ,GREECE - AMONG ! /RONGE/ WORLDWIDE AT ! MOM5T - >E DI/9CTLY GR\ND$ 9 C]TA9 REBELLI\S NEI<BORHOODS4 ,! ,EX>*EIA QU>T] ( ,A!NS IS ITSELF SOME?+ ( AN AUTONOM\S ZONE2 IT'S A NO-GO >EA = ! POLICE1 & 9 G5]AL MA9TA9S AN ATMOSPH]E ( 9TOL]ANCE T[>DS ! PROJECTS ( /ATE & CAPITAL4 ,! ONGO+ EMPHASIS ON 9SURRECTION 9 ,A!NS W\LD BE UN?9KABLE )\T IT1 & ! SAME CAN BE SAID ( ,VILLA ,FRANCIA 9 ,SANTIAGO4 ,ESPECIALLY ONCE A RESI/ANCE MOVEM5T REALLY />TS TO PICK UP ! PACE1 IT SOON BECOMES CLE> ?AT ITS AMBITIONS CAN ONLY ADVANCE AS F> AS ITS MAT]IAL BASE SUPPORTS4 ,H]E WE CAN ?9K ( ! SEP>ATI/ MOVEM5TS 9 ,IREL&1 ,KURDI/AN1 & ! ,BASQUE ,C\NTRY AS IMPORTANT EXAMPLES4 

,NO LESS1 ! M]E EXI/5CE ( AN AUTONOM\S ZONE IS 5\< TO DO REAL DAMAGE TO ! /ATE1 REL9QUI%+ ITS CONTROL OV] A T]RITORY4 ,YET ?IS WILL ONLY BE ! CASE 9S(> AS ITS 9HABITANTS REFUSE TO SEEK P]MISSION 9 ! PROCESS ( SEC$+4 ,! PROSPECT ( LEGALIZ+ A COMMUNE W>RANTS UTMO/ CAUTION3 ! PRICE ( AVOID+ PHYSICAL CONFRONTATION H]E IS NOT1 AS ) ,BEY'S ZONES1 9VISIBILITY1 BUT 9/EAD 9DI/9CTIV5ESS FROM ! SY/EM AS A :OLE4 ,:E!R TEMPOR>Y OR P]MAN5T1 :AT MAKES A ZONE AUTONOM\S IS ! FACT IT ESCAPES ! AU?ORITY ( ! /ATE - ?AT IS1 REFUSES TO RECOGNIZE ITS S]VANTS OR LAWS4 ,/RICTLY SPEAK+1 9HABIT+ SU* A ZONE ISN'T A MATT] ( COMMITT+ CRIME1 :I* IMPLIES BREAK+ LAWS TO :I* Y\'RE ULTIMATELY SUBJECT1 BUT 9/EAD ( EXTRICAT+ Y\RSELF FROM ! LEGAL FRAMEWORK ALTOGE!R4 ,! (F] ( LEGALIZATION MI<T S\ND LIKE A VICTORY1 BUT ?IS IS ONLY ONE ( P[]'S MO/ CYNICAL TACTICS3 A FEW M9OR CONCESSIONS WILL BE GRANT$1 BUT !SE >E ULTIMATELY A SMALL PRICE TO PAY = SUBSUM+ \R LIVES BACK 9TO ! ECONOMY1 TRANSF]R+ REAL /RUGGLE 9TO SOME?+ SYMBOLIC4 

,DUR+ ! E>LY '#hS1 = 9/ANCE1 ! SQUATT+ MOVEM5T 9 ,B]L9 WAS ONE ( ! /RONGE/ 9 ! WORLD2 YET ! SPE>HEAD ( ! /ATE'S REPRESSIVE CAMPAIGN WASN'T BRUTE =CE1 BUT 9/EAD 9TEGRATION4 ,MANY SQUATS W]E 9VIT$ TO BECOME LEGAL - TO SUBMIT TO ! RULE ( LAW & M>KET - :I* SPLIT !IR 9T]E/S FROM ! RE/ ( ! MOVEM5T4 ,?AT DEPRIV$ ANY MORE COMBATIVE PROJECTS ( ! SOLID>ITY NE$$ TO SUCCESSFULLY RESI/ EVICTIONS1 & !Y SOON F\ND !MSELVES GETT+ PICK$ (F ONE BY ONE4 ,HAD NONE ( ! SQUATS DECID$ TO LEGALIZE1 H[EV]1 ! /ATE MAY WELL HAVE BE5 =C$ TO CAPITULATE 9 ! FACE ( SU* AN UNCOMPROMIS+ MOVEM5T4 

,) ?IS 9 M9D1 AN OBVI\S WORRY >ISES3 IT MI<T SEEM RIDICUL\S TO TAKE A /& AGA9/ ! MI<T ( ! MOD]N NATION /ATE1 P>TICUL>LY 9 A MORE OR LESS SYMMETRICAL CONFLICT4 ,BUT ! PICTURE ISN'T QUITE ?AT SIMPLE4 ,9 MU* ( ! ,GLOBAL ,NOR?1 AT LEA/1 ! LIB]AL P>ADIGM COMPELS ! /ATE TO PLAY BY C]TA9 RULES :5 REPRESS+ DISS5T1 & ?AT (F]S US A FAIR DEGREE ( LEEWAY4 ,! REPRESSIVE =CES ALWAYS PREF] TO 5GAGE ) RIOT POLICE RA!R ?AN ! >MY1 0NONLE?AL0 ME?ODS RA!R ?AN JU/ GO+ 9 & KILL+ EV]YONE4 ,?AT [ES NOT1 ( C\RSE1 TO ANY HEI<T5$ S5SE ( B5EVOL5CE ON ! P>T ( \R DE> RUL]S1 BUT 9/EAD TO !IR NE$ TO DE/ROY O!RNESS 9 A WAY ?AT AVOIDS EXAC]BAT+ SOCIAL T5SIONS EV5 MORE4 ,Y\ MI<T SAY ?AT1 FOLL[+ ! DEA? ( ,GOD1 ! /ATE IS ON ITS LA/ LEGS2 RA!R ?AN CL++ TO ! PRET5SE ( 5ACT+ ! DIV9E WILL1 IT HAS RE9V5T$ ITSELF 9 SECUL> =M1 CLAIM+ 9/EAD TO REPRES5T ! WILL ( ! PEOPLE4 ,?IS LEAVES P[] =EV] AT PA9S TO MA9TA9 A DEMOCRATIC V5E]1 ) :I* IT ATTEMPTS TO CONCEAL ITS UGLIE/1 MO/ VOLATILE ( SECRETS3 ! FACT ?AT LIB]ALISM IS JU/ ANO!R =M ( AU?ORIT>IANISM4 ,IT W\LD 9DE$ BE A DAMN+ REALIZATION ?AT1 BEYOND BE+ EXPECT$ TO PLAY \T ! MO/ MIS]ABLE ( LIVES1 EV5 ?OSE ATTEMPT+ TO PEACEFULLY DEFECT WILL =EV] BE S\<T \T & CRU%$1 DRAGG$ BY !IR HAIR BACK 9TO ! EMBRACE ( ?IS CAGE-SOCIETY4 ,ANY SUCCESSFUL AUTONOM\S ZONE DAMAGES ! T]RITORIAL 9TEGRITY ( ! /ATE1 :I* IS :Y IT W\LD NEV] BE TOL]AT$ WILL+LY2 :5 MET ) FI]CE RESI/ANCE1 H[EV]1 A REGIME MI<T WELL BE =C$ TO HOLD BACK1 FAC+ A GREAT] RISK ( DE/ABILIZATION BY COMMITT+ ! VIOL5CE NECESS>Y = AN EVICTION4 

,?IS IS NO FAIRYTALE3 9 #b#a#f1 ONE ,FR5* GOV]NM5T M9I/] ADMITT$ ?AT1 = FE> ( A LOCALIZ$ CIVIL W> BREAK+ \T1 !RE W\LD BE NO NEW ATTEMPT TO EVICT ! ,Z,A,D ( ,NOT]-,DAME-DES-,L&ES4 ,:I* JU/ GOES TO %[1 RA!R ?AN :9+ AB\T ! CONTRADICTIONS 9H]5T 9 LIB]AL DEMOCRACY1 WE C\LD 9/EAD BE TAK+ ADVANTAGE4 ,EI!R WE'LL MAKE ! MO/ ( ! /ATE'S S(T5$ CAPACITIES TO /RIKE1 OR ELSE PROVOKE IT 9TO REVEAL+ ITS TRUE NATURE4 ,9 BO? SC5>IOS1 !RE'S SOME?+ TO BE GA9$4 

,HAV+ SAID ?AT1 NOT EV]YONE WANTS TO LIVE BEH9D A B>RICADE =EV] - SOME?+ IMPORTANT TO CONSID]4 ,IT'S A FUNNY ?+ ?AT POSSIBLY ! S+LE BIGGE/ FACTOR KILL+ P>TICIPATION 9 ! /RUGGLE ISN'T REPRESSION1 BUT P>5?OOD4 ,EI!R ?AT1 OR AT LEA/ ! NE$ TO F9D A BIT ( SAFETY OR /ABILITY1 :I* EV]YONE NE$S ONCE 9 A :ILE4 ,!SE ISSUES NE$ TO BE ADDRESS$ IF WE'RE GO+ TO EXT5D ! POSSIBILITY ( AUTONOM\S LIV+ BEYOND ! EASY GRASP ( ?OSE 9 !IR TW5TIES4 ,IT'S (T5 =GOTT5 ?AT1 BESIDES 9CREAS+ \R CAPACITIES AS MILITANTS1 REVOLUTIONIZ+ ! /RUGGLE MEANS BROAD5+ \T MEAN+FUL 9VOLVEM5T 9 WAYS ?AT ALL[ MU* GREAT] NUMB]S TO P>TICIPATE4 ,! CASE = ILLEGALITY1 :IL/ 9DISP5SABLE1 CANNOT DICTATE A UNI=M APPROA*3 AS ALWAYS1 A DIV]SITY ( TACTICS IS NECESS>Y TO SURGE =W>D4 ,! ESS5TIAL +R$I5T IS M]ELY ?AT LEGAL & ILLEGAL PROJECTS MA9TA9 /RONG TIES ) ONE ANO!R1 !REBY PROVID+ COMMUNES ON ! FRONT-L9E ) ! SUPPORT NE$$ TO GO FUR!R1 ALL ! :ILE MAXIMIZ+ ! LEVEL ( 9VOLVEM5T A*IEV$ BY SAF] OPTIONS4 

,TO RETURN TO ! MA9 PO9T1 ! ,Z,A,D ( ,NOT]-,DAME-DES-,L&ES %\LD BE VISIT$ ONE LA/ TIME4 ,9 ,APRIL #b#a#h1 ! ,MACRON REGIME COMMITT$ #b1#e G5D>MES1 BACK$ UP BY TANKS & DRONES1 TO ITS LATE/ ATTEMPT TO CRU% ?IS UNRULY PROJECT4 ,?AT WAS A /RIK+ ?+1 BECAUSE ! PLANS TO BUILD AN AIRPORT !RE HAD ALREADY BE5 AB&ON$1 YET ?IS TIME ! 9VAD+ =CE WAS MORE ?AN TWICE AS L>GE AS DUR+ ,OP]ATION ,CES> - ! ATTEMPT ?AT FAIL$ DUR+ #b#a#b4 ,APP>5TLY ?IS *APT] ( ! ,Z,A,D HAD BE5 DEEM$ ALL ! MORE DANG]\S 9 ! LACK ( A S+LE-ISSUE TO LIMIT ITS SCOPE4 ,! FAILURE ( A FLAG%IP PROJECT IS1 NO D\BT1 A HEADA*E = ANY GOV]NM5T2 SOME?+ IMM5SELY WORSE1 H[EV]1 IS A PRACTICAL ME?OD - 9DEF9ITELY REPRODUCIBLE - = DE/ITUT+ ITS RULE ALTOGE!R4 ,ZADIFICATION PROCE$S AS SU*3 OCCUPY A LOCALE ) POT5TIAL2 PROMOTE MAT]IAL SELF-SUFFICI5CY2 DEF5D LIKE HELL IF ATTACK$2 REOCCUPY IF EVICT$4 ,! ,Z,A,D %\LDN'T BE IDEALIZ$1 AS IF IT (F]S SOME PRI/9E UTOPIA4 ,BUT :AT CANNOT BE D5I$ IS SOME?+ QUITE SIMPLE1 SOME?+ ?AT MAKES ALL ! DIFF]5CE3 IT WORKS444 ,CONTR>Y TO POPUL> WISDOM1 !RE'S NO?+ 9EVITABLE AB\T ! SY/EM ( DEA?4 ,DEFECTION IS ALWAYS POSSIBLE6 ,& SU* A W9D[ ( OPPORTUNITY IS SOME?+ ANY /ATE MU/ SET \T TO M]CILESSLY DE/ROY1 LE/ IT RISK ITS V]Y F\NDATIONS - BO? MAT]IAL & IDEOLOGICAL - BE+ S]I\SLY UND]M9$4 ,AS ( YET1 ?\<1 \R 5EMY HAS SURELY FAIL$3 :IL/ ! MO!R-,Z,A,D IS1 AFT] ALMO/ A FULL DECADE ( FLAGRANT AUTONOMY1 N[ADAYS MIR$ 9 ! DRAB BUS9ESS ( LEGALIZATION1 AS MANY AS FIFTE5 ADDITIONAL ,Z,A,DS HAVE SPRUNG UP >\ND ,FRANCE S9CE ! FIR/ WAS E/ABLI%$4 

,IT WAS PREVI\SLY SAID ?AT WE MI<T NO LONG] KN[ :AT A REVOLUTION W\LD LOOK LIKE1 & ?IS PROBLEM CONT9UES TO DEF9E \R ]A4 ,GIV5 AN AGE 9 :I* P[] HAS NO C5T]1 !RE'S REASON TO QUIT HOLD+ \T ON ?AT COVET$ GR& SOIREE 9 :I* ! WORLD IS REMADE 9 A DAY OR TWO4 ,P]HAPS REVOLUTION IS LESS A DEF9ITIVE EV5T1 & MORE AN ONGO+ PROCESS - SOME?+ ) OBVI\S PEAKS & TR\<S1 = SURE1 YET )\T A CLE> BEG9N+ OR 5D4 ,BY PROMOT+ ! MULTIPLICATION & EXPANSION ( AUTONOM\S ZONES1 WE'RE GRANT$ A TANGIBLE MEANS ( FUR!R+ ?AT PROCESS1 & ALSO ( MEASUR+ \R SUCCESS4 ,9 ORD] TO MAKE AN>*Y VIABLE ON A L>GE SCALE1 WE NE$ TO />T (F MORE MODE/LY1 IMM$IATELY 9FUS+ ! T]RA9 ) PRACTICAL1 ACCESSIBLE ALT]NATIVES TO ,LEVIA?AN4 ,ONLY BY LIV+ AUTONOM\SLY N[ DO WE DEVELOP ! SKILLS1 EXP]I5CES1 & AFF9ITY NECESS>Y TO PROCE$ FUR!R4 ,WAIT+ ONLY TEA*ES WAIT+2 9 LIV+ ONE LE>NS TO LIVE4 

,!RE CAN BE NO DI/9CTION BETWE5 CON/RUCTION & DE/RUCTION H]E3 BY C$+ A T]RITORY FROM ! /ATE1 Y\'RE GO+ ON ! (F5SIVE4 ,EV]Y AUTONOM\S ZONE UND]M9ES ! NORMALITY ( TOTAL CONTROL1 REVEAL+ ! /ATE = ! MILIT>Y OCCUPATION IT REALLY IS4 ,FI<T+ COMMUNES TE> HOLES 9 ! SOCIAL FABRIC1 EK+ \T FUR!R SPACE 9 :I* WE CAN F9ALLY BREA!1 9VIT+ ! RE/ ( ! POPULATION TO TAKE A /&4 ,9 P>TICUL>1 IT'S DIFFICULT TO IMAG9E ! POSSIBILITY ( L>G] AUTONOM\S ZONES - AUTONOM\S REGIONS - AS BE+ POSSIBLE EXCEPT (F ! BACK ( 9SURRECTION4 ,! MOM5T ( UPHEAVAL TEMPOR>ILY DISLODGES P[]'S GRIP ON A REGION2 ! CON/RUCTION ( AUTONOM\S LIFEWAYS )9 IT MAKES ! RUPTURE P]MAN5T4 ,/>T+ (F MORE MODE/LY1 & BECOM+ AS AMBITI\S AS ! SITUATION ALL[S1 !RE MI<T WELL COME A DAY - A DAY WE SURELY /ILL KN[ 9 \R HE>TS - 9 :I* ! 9SURRECTIONS & REVOLUTIONS HAVE BECOME 9DI/+UI%ABLE4 

O ,*APT] #g 3 ,PU%+ ! ,B\ND>IES 
#g3 ,PU%+ ! B\ND>IES 

,AN>*Y MADE LIVABLE 

,SOME?+ IMPORTANT = REVOLUTION>IES TO BE> 9 M9D1 P>TICUL>LY DUR+ ! MORE PESSIMI/IC MOM5TS1 IS ?AT ! SY/EM ISN'T WORK+ = MO/ PEOPLE4 ,WE'RE CONFRONT$ ) AN UNC]TA9 SITUATION N[ADAYS3 A GREAT MANY PEOPLE - IF NOT MO/ - >E CLE>LY UNHAPPY ) ! WAY ?+S >E1 P]HAPS EV5 PR(\NDLY SO4 ,AS ! EV]YDAY /RA9 ( FITT+ 9TO ?IS WORLD 9CREASES1 RATES ( SUICIDE1 ADDICTION1 & SELF-H>M ALL CONT9UE TO RISE4 ,S*OOL %OOT+S - ! CLE>E/ 9DICATION ( A SOCIETY AT W> ) ITSELF - PROLIF]ATE AT AN EV] QUICK] PACE4 ,:ATEV] SEMBLANCE ( SOCIAL PEACE REMA9S IS B&$ TOGE!R BY ! MASS CONSUMPTION ( PSY*IATRIC DRUGS1 :I* >E FREQU5TLY ADM9I/]$ EV5 TO ONE-YE>-OLDS4 ,:IL/ ANYONE /ILL UNCONV9C$ CAN EXPECT TO KN[ ! F\R COLD WALLS ( A PRISON CELL1 ! POPULATIONS ( :I* CONT9UE TO SURGE4 ,!SE DIRE PORT5TS >E ALL TOO COMMONPLACE1 TO ! EXT5T ONE EASILY FAILS TO NOTICE !M2 :5 Y\ CONSID] JU/ H[ MANY ( US >E BE+ FUCK$ UP M]ELY AS A MATT] ( DUE C\RSE1 ?\<1 ! EXCUSES BEG9S TO /9K4 

,! LUCRATIVE DECADES ( ! #b? C5TURY PROMIS$ US ?AT ANY?+ WAS POSSIBLE1 ?AT ! 5D ( POV]TY WAS JU/ >\ND ! CORN]4 ,YET H]E WE >E1 EXCLUSION FROM ! BASIC NECESSITIES ( LIFE - ALREADY SUFFICI5T MOTIVATION = ! REVOLUTIONS ( ! PREVI\S C5TURY - CRIPPL+ US AS SEV]ELY AS EV]4 ,JU/ AS ?IS CIVILIZATION ?9KS ITSELF WOR?Y ( COLONIZ+ ,M>S1 AS MANY AS A BILLION HUMANS HUNG] ON ,E>?4 ,MOREOV]1 AB\T HALF ( ! FOOD PRODUC$ GLOBALLY GOES TO WA/E1 & ! SUP]M>KETS RESPOND BY PADLOCK+ ! B9S4 ,>E WE HONE/LY EXPECT$ TO BELIEVE ?AT CAPITALISM IS CAPABLE ( UNDO+ MAT]IAL SC>CITY1 ITS MO/ 9TR9SIC ( FEATURES8 ,! UTT] CONTEMPT AF=D$ TO US %\LD BE NO SECRET1 & IT ISN'T ! K9D ( REALIZATION ?AT L&S S(TLY4 

,:AT'S MORE1 EV5 ?OSE :O 0MAKE IT0 9 ?IS WORLD >E QUICK TO F9D !MSELVES ASSIMILAT$ 9TO A PLA/IC P>ADISE ?AT1 AT ITS CORE1 IS DEF9$ BY =M )\T CONT5T1 MATT] DEVOID ( FEEL+4 ,EA* ( US IS QUITE ACQUA9T$ ) ! HOLL[NESS ( EV]YDAY LIFE4 ,! IRONY ( CONSUM] CAPITALISM IS ?AT IT PROMISES TO RE/ORE EXACTLY :AT IT DEPRIVES US (3 ! CAPACITY TO 9HABIT \RSELVES FULLY1 UNDAUNT$ BY A CON/ANT S5SE ( EXI/5TIAL LACK+1 ( SPIRITUAL WANT4 ,MASS ADV]TIS+ HAS IT ?AT OB$I5TLY CONSUM+ :I*EV] LATE/ *EESEBURG]1 DEODORANT1 OR SM>TPHONE WILL HEAL ! TE> 9 ! FABRIC ( \R BE+ - 9 ESS5CE1 ! TRAUMA ( AMPUTATION FROM EA* O!R & ! L&4 ,& YET1 LIKE ANY ADDICTION1 ALL ?IS SUP]FICIAL CONSUMPTION FILLS A HOLE ONLY TO SOON LEAVE IT EMPTI] ?AN BE=E4 ,?IS IS NO IMAGE ( HUMAN CIVILIZATION RAVAG+ ! PLANET :IL/ P>TY+ ?R\< ! NI<T2 RA!R1 \RS IS A CULTURE ?AT1 LIKE ! MO/ MIS]ABLE ( BULLIES1 CA/S ITS TORM5T \TW>DS JU/ TO GET ?R\< ! DAY4 

,MEAN:ILE1 ACCESS TO ?IS DES]T COMES AT SU* A HI< CO/3 ! PROSPECT ( A LIFE ON ! CLOCK1 ALMO/ ALL \R WAK+ H\RS SP5T EI!R AT WORK OR RECOV]+ FROM IT4 ,ONLY 9 COMP>ISON ) ! LIT]AL RISK ( />VATION C\LD WE BE ?ANKFUL = EMPLOYM5T4 ,ALL ?AT WA/$ 5]GY - ! BOR$OM1 ! ANXIETY1 ! FE> - JU/ TO F9D \RSELVES ?R[N \T BY ! ECONOMY AS SOON AS \R PRODUCTIVITY DROPS1 >RIV+ AT RETIREM5T BROK5 & =GOTT51 )\T ! SLI<TE/ CLUE AS TO :AT ALL ! SACRIFICE WAS =4 ,NO D\BT1 SOME ( US HAVE IT WORSE - 9 SOME CASES1 IMM5SELY WORSE4 ,BUT WE ALL HAVE IT BAD4 ,EV5 ! MO/ PRIVILEG$ MEMB]S ( SOCIETY >E TRAUMATIZ$ BY ! S\ND ( !IR AL>M CLOCKS1 BY ! RIPP+ 9DICATION ?AT ANO!R DAY ( SELL+ \RSELVES TO EXI/ HAS BEGUN4 

,PRODUCTIVITY N[ADAYS IS HI<] ?AN EV]1 BUT !RE'S NO L9K BETWE5 ?AT & HAPP9ESS1 NOR \R S5SE ( FULFILLM5T4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 !RE'S AN UNSPOK5 AGREEM5T AMONG MANY ( US ?AT SOME:]E D[N ! L9E ?+S HAVE GONE HORRIBLY WRONG4 ,IT CAN BE DIFFICULT TO SAY EXACTLY :AT ! PROBLEM IS1 BUT ! W>N+ SIGNS >E !RE1 ONLY CONT9U+ TO GR[4 ,CONTEMPT = ! POLITICAL E/ABLI%M5T IS RIFE1 & EV5 ! MIDDLE CLASS BEG9S TO FALT] UND] ! WEI<T ( P]PETUAL ECONOMIC CRISIS4 ,! OCEANS >E FILL+ UP ) PLA/IC1 :IL/ CLIMATE *ANGE ?REAT5S TO PLUNGE ALL LIV+ ?+S 9TO AN EPO* ( UN?9KABLE CALAMITY4 ,9 SU* A CONTEXT1 TO CLAIM ?+S >E GO+ TO %IT IS ONE ( ! MO/ BANAL ?+S Y\ CAN SAY4 ,IT SEEMS ! ,WE/]N PSY*E IS %$D+ ITS ANCI5T S5SE ( PURPOSE1 PROVOK+ A DEEP S5SE ( EXI/5TIAL ANG/4 ,:AT'S LEFT ( ?AT MY?ICAL SOCIAL CONTRACT IS EVAPORAT+ FA/1 \R REASONS TO COMPLY VANI%+ ONE BY ONE4 ,! ONLY PROMISE ?IS ORD] ( MIS]Y /ILL HOLDS IS ?AT ( ITS [N DE/RUCTION4 

,WOR/ ( ALL IS ?AT1 HAV+ COLONIZ$ ALMO/ EV]Y KN[N CORN] ( REALITY1 CAPITALISM CONV9CES US ?AT LIFE ITSELF IS :AT'S AWFUL4 ,:I* W\LD BE SO MU* EASI] TO BELIEVE1 REL9QUI%+ US FROM ! ADD$ /RA9 ( IMAG9+ :AT POSSIBILITIES MI<T LIE BEYOND ! EXI/5T4 ,BUT SOME ?+S CAN NEV] BE FULLY GR\ND D[N1 SOME TRU?S - PHYSIOLOGICAL RA!R ?AN 9TELLECTUAL - NEV] QUITE =GOTT54 ,AS *ILDR51 EV]Y?+ WAS SO DIFF]5T3 WE PROMIS$ \RSELVES WE'D NEV] BECOME OLD1 NOR SURR5D] \R DREAMS4 ,) ! PASS+ ( TIME1 ?\<1 ?OSE JOY\S DAYS1 9 :I* ALL ACTIVITY WAS BUT A MODIFICATION ( PLAY1 SOMEH[ REC$$ 9TO ! DI/ANT PA/4 ,HAMM]$ \T ( US BY ! BANALITY ( R\T9E1 & ! VIOL5CE ( CON/ANT /RESS1 ?AT Y\?FUL WISDOM - ! UNA%AM$ PASSION ) :I* WE APPROA*$ EV]Y CONCEIVABLE ISSUE - SL[LY WI!R$ & DI$4 ,AS ADULTS1 MO/ ( US HAVE TOTALLY =SAK5 ! PRECI\SNESS ( LIFE - NOT M]ELY \R [N LIVES AS 9DIVIDUALS1 BUT ALSO ( LIFE ITSELF4 ,YET IT CAN ALWAYS BE R$ISCOV]$4 ,LY+ )9 EA* ( US IS A DORMANT TRU?1 SOME?+ SO T]RIBLE1 SO REVOLUTION>Y1 ?AT IT ?REAT5S TO DEMOLI% EV]Y?+ ?AT MAKES ! #b#a/ C5TURY SU* A WRET*$ AFFAIR3 LIFE IS NOT M]ELY SOME?+ TO GET ?R\<4 

"9 "9 "9 

,) ALL ?IS 9 M9D1 !RE'S A CURI\S MISMAT* DEVELOP+4 ,ON ! ONE H&1 LEVELS ( HATR$ = ! SY/EM >E SURELY 5ORM\S2 ON ! O!R1 ! VA/ MAJORITY ( PEOPLE SOMEH[ F9D !MSELVES GO+ ALONG ) ?+S1 SWAMP$ BY ! MASS ( LITTLE COMPROMISES4 ,:Y IS IT ?AT RELATIVELY FEW PEOPLE - EXTREMELY FEW1 ALL ?+S CONSID]$ - SEEM TO BE CONSCI\SLY 9T]E/$ 9 FI<T+ BACK8 ,?IS IS A COMPLEX ISSUE1 BUT H]E'S AN IDEA3 P]HAPS ! MAJORITY ( \R ME?ODS JU/ >5'T ( MU* USE TO MO/ PEOPLE4 ,IT ISN'T ?AT !Y SIMPLY FAIL TO C>E1 BUT 9/EAD HAVE ALREADY BE5 SUFFICI5TLY BURD5$ BY EV]YDAY SURVIVAL UND] CAPITALISM )\T ! ADD$ EXPECTATION ( /RUGGL+ EV5 MORE4 ,! ?+S WE D$ICATE \RSELVES TO - :E!R PEACEFUL PROTE/ OR MILITANT REVOLT - (F] US A GREAT DEAL1 BUT ONLY R>ELY DOES SU* 9VOLVEM5T /& A *ANCE ( MAK+ LIFE ANY EASI]4 ,9 O!R WORDS1 ! VALUE ( ! /RUGGLE IS 9 A S5SE SPIRITUAL1 NOT MAT]IAL3 IT 5HANCES \R LIVES1 BUT ALMO/ ALWAYS LESS5S \R ABILITY TO MAKE 5DS MEET4 

,P]HAPS ?AT'S ! REASON MANY ( US >E HAV+ A H>D TIME EXCE$+ ! 7(T5 DI/9CTLY PRIVILEG$7 M>G9S ( SOCIETY1 BECAUSE ! /RUGGLE IS A LUXURY4 ,ONLY ONCE Y\R BASIC MAT]IAL NE$S HAVE BE5 MET CAN Y\ />T WORRY+ AB\T LESS IMM$IATE CONC]NS1 9CLUD+ ! WELLBE+ ( SOCIETY & ! PLANET4 ,:I* JU/ GOES TO %[1 !RE'S NO EXCUSE = LOS+ FAI? 9 ! SPECIES1 NOT YET3 ! CONDITIONS ( ECONOMIC SC>CITY IMPOS$ BY CAPITALISM - ITS RU?LESS COMB9ATION ( DEBT1 BILLS1 & JOYLESS C>E]S - DEEM IT PHYSICALLY IMPOSSIBLE = MO/ TO REALI/ICALLY DREAM ( *ANG+ ! WORLD4 ,NOT ONLY ?AT1 IT ALSO MEANS ?OSE :O GET 9VOLV$ >E LIKELY TO F9D !IR COMMITM5T WEI<$ D[N BY ! PRESSURES ( LONG-T]M ECONOMIC SECURITY1 ?AT ONCE Y\?FUL IDEALISM (T5 WAN+ 9TO \R ?IRTIES4 ,ONLY BY RECONNECT+ ! /RUGGLE TO ! PROMOTION ( MAT]IAL AUTONOMY CAN WE EXP& ITS BREAD? ( 5GAGEM5T1 BO? = \TSID]S & \RSELVES4 

,:AT'S BE+ PROPOS$ H]E1 BASICALLY1 IS ! NE$ TO MAKE AN>*Y LIVABLE4 ,:Y WAIT = SOME MASS UPHEAVAL TO GET HOLD ( ! NECESS>Y MEANS ( PRODUCTION8 ,WE CAN'T SU/A9 \RSELVES ON SYMBOLIC GE/URES ALONE3 ONLY BY SECUR+ IMM$IATE SOLUTIONS TO EV]YDAY MAT]IAL NE$S - SOLUTIONS VALUABLE 9 & ( !MSELVES1 IRRESPECTIVE ( :AT'S ON ! HORIZON - CAN Y\ EXPECT TO GET GREAT] NUMB]S 9VOLV$4 ,PEOPLE >E HURT+ N[1 & ?AT WON'T BE ALLEVIAT$ BY SOME MILL5>IAN HOPE ( REVOLUTION4 ,ALL TOO (T51 AN>*ISM SEES ITSELF AS AN IDEOLOGY RA!R ?AN A WAY ( LIFE1 AS IF LEVEL+ HI]>*Y W]E A M]E MATT] ( AGGREGAT+ OP9IONS - A DI/9CTLY LIB]AL NOTION4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 AN>*Y EXP&S BY REALIZ+ ITSELF IMM$IATELY )9 ! SOCIAL T]RA91 SUPPLANT+ EV]Y FUNCTION ?AT KEEPS US LOYAL TO ! SY/EM1 G5]AT+ SOLUTIONS MORE REALI/IC ?AN IT HAS TO (F]4 

,WE ALREADY HAVE SOME USEFUL EXAMPLES1 9CLUD+ ! FREE BREAKFA/ PROGRAM RUN BY ! ,BLACK ,PAN!RS1 & ! SQUATT$ ,A,D,Y,E M$ICAL CL9IC ( ,EX>*EIA4 ,9 ORD] TO RE9V5T ITSELF AS A TRUE HI/ORICAL =CE1 H[EV]1 AN>*ISM MU/ 9CREASE ITS AMBITIONS MASSIVELY1 RECLAIM+ EV]Y CONDITION ( EXI/5CE - FOOD1 %ELT]1 $UCATION1 M$IC9E1 TRANSPORT1 5T]TA9M5T1 SOCIAL C>E - 9 ! NAME ( AUTONOMY4 ,?IS NOTION ( AN>*Y AS AN IMM$IATE1 COMMUNIZ+ =CE /&S TO MAKE MAJOR GA9S AGA9/ ! FAIL+S ( 9/ITUTIONAL 5GAGEM5T3 RA!R ?AN GETT+ BOGG$ D[N 9 L5G?Y & PREJUDIC$ BUREAUCRATIC PROC$URES1 WE C\LD UTILIZE DIRECT ACTION TO />T BUILD+ \R /R5G? )\T DELAY4 

,AUTONOM\S ZONES >E EXTREMELY USEFUL H]E1 BUT !Y'RE NOT 5\<4 ,PU%+ ! B\ND>IES ISN'T ONLY AB\T HAV+ A CONCRETE SOCIAL ALT]NATIVE1 BUT ALSO AN ACCESSIBLE ONE4 ,9 TOO MANY CASES1 \R COMMUNES REMA9 \T ( B\NDS TO \TSID]S1 SOME?+ NOT AT ALL HELP$ BY SUBCULTURAL B>RI]S OR EV5 \TRI<T CONTEMPT4 ,!SE ISSUES CAN1 ( C\RSE1 BE REM$I$ ) ONLY A LITTLE S5SITIVITY1 BUT 9 MANY CASES ! PROBLEM /EMS FROM EXACTLY ! PO9T ( AN AUTONOM\S ZONE3 TO E/ABLI% A DEF9ITIVE BREAK ) NORMALITY4 ,RA!R ?AN EXPECT+ \TSID]S TO LEAP 9TO ! UNKN[N1 !RE=E1 WE'RE ! ONES :O NE$ TO BE DO+ SO1 PUTT+ 9 ! EF=T TO BUILD AFF9ITY BEYOND ! USUAL CIRCLES4 ,NO EXCUSES H]E3 IT ISN'T AS IF ALL SU* 5GAGEM5T 9TRODUCES A HI]>*ICAL DYNAMIC1 ONE BETWE5 ! REVOLUTION>IES & ! MASSES1 ! MISSION>Y & ! HEA!N4 ,SEP>AT$ FROM A COMMITM5T TO ORGANIZATIONAL GR[? OR IDEOLOGICAL CONV]SION1 :AT ONE MI<T CALL 0\TREA*0 IS MU* MORE CAPABLE ( OCCURR+ HORIZONTALLY1 OP5+ UP A RECIPROCAL PROCESS 9 :I* EI!R SIDE /&S TO LE>N JU/ AS MU* FROM ! O!R4 ,! PO9T ISN'T TO ABSORB \TSID]S 9TO \R [N WAY ( DO+ ?+S1 BUT 9/EAD TO 5C\RAGE PEOPLE TO /RUGGLE AGA9/ P[] ON !IR [N T]MS1 :]EV] ?AT MI<T LEAD4 

,9 ANY SOCIETY BAS$ ON HI]>*Y1 RESI/ANCE TO SUBORD9ATION IS A FACT ( EV]YDAY LIFE1 NO LESS SO = 0APOLITICAL0 PEOPLE4 ,! PROBLEMS ( CAPITALI/ EXPANSION >E R>ELY FAC$ BY \RSELVES ALONE1 :E!R IT'S A QUE/ION ( G5TRIFICATION1 MAXI-PRISONS1 SLAU<T]H\SES1 MIGRANT DET5TION C5T]S1 NUCLE> WA/E DUMPS1 HI<-SPE$ RAILWAYS1 OR SURVEILLANCE SY/EMS4 ,TAKE Y\R PICK3 WE'RE ALREADY SURR\ND$ BY OPPORTUNITIES TO BREAK D[N SOCIAL B>RI]S1 C\NT]ACT+ ANY ATTEMPTS TO <ETTOIZE \R EF=TS4 ,! /RUGGLES WE UND]TAKE >E DIV]SE1 YET EA* ( !M IS GR\ND$ 9 A S+UL> NE$ TO CONFRONT SOCIAL HI]>*Y1 !REBY CONTA9+ ! POT5TIAL TO CALL EV]Y?+ 9TO QUE/ION4 ,EV5 IF ! LOCAL1 SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES ( AN 9T]M$IATE /RUGGLE >5'T A*IEV$1 ! M]E FACT ( /RUGGL+ TOGE!R CAN BE DECISIVE = BR++ PEOPLE - \RSELVES AS MU* AS ANYONE - CLOS] TO ! FUTURE POSSIBILITY ( RUPTURE4 ,RA!R ?AN AB&ON+ ! T]RA9 ( ACTIVI/ CAMPAIGN+1 !RE=E1 ! PO9T IS M]ELY TO DEEP5 ! P]SPECTIVE ) :I* WE APPROA* IT1 %IFT+ FROM A PREOCCUPATION ) ! SPECIFIC TO AN APPRECIATION ( ! G5]AL1 FROM A RE=MI/ FOCUS TO SOME?+ CONCRETELY REVOLUTION>Y4 

,MIS]ABLE CONDITIONS >E NEV] 5\< = REVOLUTION2 :AT MAKES ?IS WORLD 9TOL]ABLE IS ?AT ONE HAS CONFID5CE 9 AN ALT]NATIVE4 ,SURELY MO/ PEOPLE CONT9UE ) !IR LIVES - ) WORK+ A JOB1 PAY+ R5T1 OR GO+ TO S*OOL - NOT BECAUSE !Y LIKE IT1 BUT BECAUSE !Y'VE BE5 CONV9C$1 9 ! LACK ( A VIABLE ALT]NATIVE1 ?AT IT'S JU/ ! WAY IT IS4 ,NO MATT] H[ AWFUL A SITUATION1 IF IT HAS A MONOPOLY ON MEET+ Y\R BASIC MAT]IAL NE$S1 ! ONLY CONCEIVABLE RESPONSE WILL BE TO SUCK IT UP & CONT9UE1 P]HAPS EV5 BLAM+ FEM9ISM OR IMMIGRATION = ! DEEP5+ CRISIS ( MOD]NITY4 ,AS YET1 WE'VE FAIL$ TO PUNCTURE ?AT ILLUSION4 ,:I* CONFIRMS ! /RANGE S5SE 9 :I* EV5 WE1 AS DISSID5TS1 MU/ BE> P>T ( ! RESPONSIBILITY = PROPP+ UP ?IS AWFUL MESS4 ,PU%+ ! B\ND>IES ( /RUGGLE MEANS E/ABLI%+ VIABLE R\TES ( DES]TION FROM ! SY/EM1 BO? ACCESSIBLE & SECURE4 ,9 %ORT1 AN>*Y EXP&S BY MAK+ IT LIVABLE4 

0,MAKE ! MO/ ( EV]Y CRISIS0 

,COMMON S5SE WISDOM W\LD HAVE IT ?AT ?+S WILL =EV] /AY PRETTY MU* ! SAME4 ,! CURR5T SITUATION WILL *ANGE1 NO D\BT1 BUT ALWAYS GRADUALLY1 TAK+ C>E TO MA9TA9 ! GU>ANTEES ( MOD]N LIFE4 ,! PRIVILEG$ AMONG US C\NT ON REMA9+ 9SULAT$ FROM ! TURBUL5CE ( HI/ORY2 ANY UNAVOIDABLE VOLATILITY1 MEAN:ILE1 WILL TAKE PLACE ONLY ON \R TELEVISION SCRE5S1 NEV] \TSIDE ! FRONT DOOR4 ,MAYBE68 ,( C\RSE1 MAYBE NOT4 ,REMEMB] ?AT SU* IS EXACTLY ! >ROGANCE PREC$+ ! COLLAPSE ( EV]Y GREAT CIVILIZATION4 ,!RE'S A GR[+ FE> AMONG MANY ( US ?AT \R SACR$ ASSUMPTIONS >E BEG9N+ TO EXPIRE4 ,P]HAPS A DAY WILL COME - A DAY MANY ( US C\LD WELL LIVE TO SEE - 9 :I* WE'LL >RIVE AT ! SUP]M>KET ONLY TO F9D IT HAS NO?+ LEFT TO SELL1 LET ALONE TO F9D 9 ! B9S4 ,& BY ?AT PO9T IT WILL ALREADY BE TOO LATE4 

,EV]Y DAY1 GLOBAL SUPPLY *A9S 9CREASE 9 COMPLEXITY1 TO ! EXT5T ?AT EV5 M9OR DISRUPTIONS HAVE ! POT5TIAL TO PROVOKE WIDESPREAD 9/ABILITY4 ,! 9TEGRATION ( \R NE$S 9TO A S+LE1 PLANET>Y ECONOMY PROVIDES C]TA9 CONV5I5CES1 BUT IT CAN'T GO ON LIKE ?IS =EV]4 ,JU/ 9 ORD] TO SURVIVE1 ! SY/EM /ACKS ITSELF UP HI<] & HI<]1 M]ELY 5SUR+ IT HAS FUR!R TO FALL4 ,) OIL1 = EXAMPLE1 9DU/RIAL CIVILIZATION HAS ALREADY LIKELY SURPASS$ ITS PEAK CAPACITIES = EXTRACTION2 9 REC5T YE>S1 ! ECONOMY HAS DEMON/RAT$ AN 9CREAS$ RELIANCE ON ! DIRTIE/1 MO/ 9EFFICI5T FOSSIL FUELS ! PLANET HAS TO (F]1 9CLUD+ %ALE GAS1 T> S&S1 & BR[N COAL4 ,SOME?+ SIMIL> CAN BE SAID AB\T WAT] RES]VES1 CURR5TLY BE+ DEPLET$ TWICE AS QUICKLY AS !Y'RE NATURALLY R5EW$2 ALREADY TODAY1 BILLIONS LACK SUFFICI5T ACCESS TO FRE% WAT]1 ESPECIALLY DUR+ DRY SEASONS1 & ! NUMB] IS 9CREAS+ FA/4 ,SOIL ]OSION1 TOO1 IS A SIGNIFICANT ?REAT1 AS 9DU/RIAL AGRICULTURE - ) ITS REL5TLESS APPLICATION ( MONOCULTURES & PE/ICIDES - LAYS WA/E TO :AT L& >\ND ! GLOBE REMA9S CAPABLE ( SUPPORT+ COMPLEX LIFE4 ,FACTORS SU* AS !SE SUGGE/ ?AT1 AS ! #b#a/ C5TURY SMOLD]S ON1 ECONOMIC DEPRESSION & RES\RCE W>S WILL BEG9 TO PROLIF]ATE ON AN EV] GREAT] SCALE4 

,!RE >E ALREADY OV] #g BILLION ( US ON ! PLANET1 & WE'RE PR$ICT$ TO HIT ! #a BILLION M>K >\ND ! MIDDLE ( ! C5TURY4 ,MOREOV]1 POPULATION GR[? IS LIKELY TO CRESC5DO 9 COMB9ATION ) ! A=EM5TION$ FACTORS1 POT5TIALLY LEAD+ TO A SUDD5 9CAPACITY = ! SY/EM TO SUPPORT ITS 9HABITANTS 9 MANY REGIONS4 ,HAV+ SAID ?AT1 POPULATION LEVELS MI<T NOT BE ! CORE PROBLEM H]E3 MO/ SLUM-DWELL]S 9 ! ,GLOBAL ,S\? CONSUME ONLY A FRACTION ( ! RES\RCES CONSUM$ BY MIDDLE-CLASS ,WE/]N]S1 P]HAPS EV5 ONE HUNDR$? AS MU*4 ,:AT'S ESPECIALLY WORRY+ IS ?AT POPULATION IS BOOM+ 9 ! V]Y PLACES - ,9DIA & ,*9A1 = EXAMPLE - ?AT >E BEG9N+ TO EMULATE ! RES\RCE-9T5SIVE LIFE/YLES PREVI\SLY HO>D$ ONLY BY MU* SMALL] NUMB]S 9 ! ,GLOBAL ,NOR?4 ,IT'S DIFFICULT TO IMAG9E A G5TLE \TCOME TO ?IS SITUATION3 AN EXPON5TIAL DECREASE 9 AVAILABLE RES\RCES1 COMB9$ ) AN EXPON5TIAL 9CREASE 9 \R RELIANCE ON !M1 SEEMS TO DEEM SOME K9D ( MAJOR COLLISION 9EVITABLE4 

,IT'S NOT EV5 ! LIKELIHOOD ( CRISES ?AT'S 9CREAS+1 BUT ALSO \R 9ABILITY TO DEAL ) !M4 ,WE LIVE 9 AN AGE 9 :I*1 HAV+ BECOME SO SEV]ELY ALI5AT$ FROM ! CONDITIONS ( EXI/5CE1 M]ELY GR[+ Y\R [N FOOD IS CONSID]$ ECC5TRIC4 ,?IS IS A DI/9CTLY CONTEMPOR>Y SITUATION1 [+ TO ! DE/RUCTION ( PEASANT LIFE WR\<T BY ! ,9DU/RIAL ,REVOLUTION1 AS WELL AS ! FUR!R DESKILL+ ( ! WORK=CE U%]$ 9 BY ! ,DIGITAL ,REVOLUTION4 ,:IL/ ! SY/EM US$ TO CONC]N ITSELF MA9LY ) ! POLITICAL ORGANIZATION ( \R LIVES1 IT N[ADAYS HOLDS D[N A MONOPOLY ON ALMO/ EV]Y CONCEIVABLE FACET ( \R MAT]IAL NE$S4 ,?IS BR+S HEAPS ( VOLATILITY3 UNTIL A FEW DECADES AGO1 ! COLLAPSE ( A CIVILIZATION W\LD1 DESPITE ! OBVI\S TURMOIL1 NONE!LESS HAVE LEFT MO/ PEOPLE CAPABLE ( FE$+ !MSELVES4 ,! #b#a/ C5TURY1 H[EV]1 IS SU* A /RANGE CREATURE1 ABSOLUTELY CONV9C$ ( ITS ADVANC$ ABILITIES1 YET COMPLETELY LO/ :5 IT COMES TO ! MO/ BASIC GE/URES4 ,WE CAN HAVE ABSOLUTELY ANY?+ WE WANT4 7,PROVID$ ! CR$IT C>D READ] IS WORK+74 

,\R TE*NO-ADDICT$ CULTURE IS EXP&+ AT AN EV] GREAT] PACE1 F> QUICK] ?AN ANYONE CAN BEG9 TO UND]/& ITS IMPLICATIONS4 ,RA!R ?AN M]ELY ALT]+ REALITY1 ?IS BRAVE NEW WORLD HAS CREAT$ AN 5TIRELY NEW ONE1 /EADILY DIGITIZ+ ! 5TIRETY ( ! HUMAN EXP]I5CE4 ,9=MATION TE*NOLOGY IS US$ TO AUGM5T BASIC COGNITIVE FUNCTIONS - MEMORY1 NAVIGATION1 COMMUNICATION1 IMAG9ATION - TO ! EXT5T US]S SUFF] LIT]AL SYMPTOMS ( )DRAWAL )\T !M4 ,WE FANTASIZE AB\T CYBORGS AS IF !Y W]E ! /UFF ( SCI5CE FICTION1 FAIL+ TO REALIZE ?AT !Y'RE ALREADY H]E1 ?AT WE'VE ALREADY BECOME !M4 ,M]ELY LEAV+ ! ROOM )\T \R SM>TPHONES IS (T5 UN?9KABLE1 & ?AT'S SAY+ A LOT4 ,WE NE$ TO BE W>Y ( BECOM+ UTT]LY DEP5D5T ON \R DIGITAL PROS!SES1 P>TICUL>LY :5 !IR OP]ATION RELIES SO HEAVILY ON C5TRALIZ$ 9FRA/RUCTURE4 ,ANY LEVEL ( DISRUPTION H]E - AS ) A SOL> FL>E1 P[] FAILURE1 OR T]RORI/ ATTACK - W\LD SPELL MAJOR TUMULT4 

,IT'S TIME TO S]I\SLY ASK \RSELVES3 IF ! COLLAPSE HAPP5$ TOMORR[1 W\LD WE REALLY BE READY8 ,) EV]Y PASS+ DAY1 ?IS QUE/ION BECOMES 9CREAS+LY UNAVOIDABLE4 ,=TUNATELY1 H[EV]1 ! KEY SOLUTION IS ALSO QUITE /RAI<T=W>D1 HAV+ ALREADY BE5 DISCUSS$ 9 SOME DETAIL3 MAKE AN>*Y LIVABLE4 ,BY SECUR+ \R MAT]IAL AUTONOMY N[ - SOME?+ HI<LY VALUABLE 9 ITSELF1 :ATEV] ! FUTURE BR+S - WE 9CREASE \R *ANCES ( COP+ & EV5 EXP&+ DUR+ ANY UNPR$ICTABLE MOM5TS ( FUTURE TURBUL5CE4 ,AS ?IS CIVILIZATION TUMBLES 9TO ! ABYSS1 IT WILL EXPECT TO PULL EA* ( US ALONG ) IT2 YET ?AT \TCOME CAN BE AVOID$1 9S(> AS WE ALREADY KN[ FULLY WELL H[ TO LIVE ON \R [N T]MS4 ,IT W\LD BE RIDICUL\S TO WAIT = ! SUP]M>KET %ELVES TO BE LOOT$ CLEAN BE=E TRY+ \R H& AT GR[+ A CABBAGE4 ,:AT WE DO BE=E ?+S GET REALLY S]I\S WILL BE DECISIVE4 

,= MANY ( US1 ?IS C\LD WELL BE A MATT] ( LIFE OR DEA?4 ,YET ! SITUATION ISN'T QUITE SO BLEAK1 EI!R3 !RE'S GOOD REASON TO BELIEVE ?AT CRISES 7( C]TA9 SORTS1 ANYWAY7 PRES5T IMPORTANT OPPORTUNITIES TO 9CREASE \R /R5G?4 ,A CRISIS CAN BE ?\<T ( SIMPLY AS A BREAKD[N 9 ! SMOO? FUNCTION+ ( NORMALITY1 SOME?+ ?AT MI<T POT5TIALLY (F] ITS %>E ( ADVANTAGES4 ,) ! SY/EM FAIL+ TO P]=M ITS EXPECT$ ROLES1 !SE >E MOM5TS 9 :I* ! /ATUS QUO HAS BECOME EV5 LESS REALI/IC1 9VIT+ AUTONOM\S PROJECTS TO FILL ! VOID4 ,QUITE COMMONLY1 A SELF-ORGANIZ$ RESPONSE OCCURS ORGANICALLY1 DEVOID ( CONSCI\S POLITICAL CONSID]ATION3 AS ) SO MANY DISA/] SITUATIONS1 ORD9>Y PEOPLE R$ISCOV] !IR DORMANT PROSOCIAL 9/9CTS - ?OSE SPONTANE\S1 IMP>TIAL 9CL9ATIONS T[>DS SOLID>ITY & MUTUAL AID - JU/ 9 ORD] TO PULL ?R\<4 ,BY 9T]V5+ 9 !SE ACCID5TAL RUPTURES 9 9TELLIG5T1 S5SITIVE WAYS1 WE CAN ADD /R5G? TO ! EF=TS1 PU%+ !M T[>DS A P]MAN5T BREAK4 ,IMPORTANT EXAMPLES H]E 9CLUDE ,U,S AN>*I/S PROVID+ MAT]IAL SOLID>ITY TO ?OSE DEVA/AT$ BY ! #b#a#g_/#a#h HURRICANE SEASONS1 AS WELL AS ! ,GREEK AN>*I/ MOVEM5T SQUATT+ ACCOMMODATION 9 RESPONSE TO ! ONGO+ ,EUROPEAN REFUGEE CRISIS4 ,9 ALL LIKEL9ESS1 H[EV]1 ! FAMILI> DEP? ( CRISIS WILL PALE 9 COMP>ISON TO :AT'S AHEAD4 

,WE CANNOT %Y AWAY FROM CRISES3 TO HIDE FROM !M IS TO HIDE FROM HI/ORY - FROM \R HI/ORY1 9 P>TICUL>4 ,LIT]ALLY EV]Y EXAMPLE ( LIB]T>IAN REVOLUTION - ,UKRA9E #a#i#a#g1 ,MAN*URIA #a#i#b#i1 ,CATALONIA #a#i#c#f1 ,ROJAVA #bab - EM]G$ FROM A SITUATION ( \TRI<T CIVIL W>4 ,P]HAPS ?AT'S A %AME1 BUT IT'S ALSO NO SURPRISE1 GIV5 ?AT ANY L>GE-SCALE EXP]IM5T 9 AUTONOM\S LIV+ WILL USUALLY NE$ A P[] VACUUM TO FILL4 ,AFT] ALL1 IT'S NOT UP TO US TO *OOSE :I* MULTIFACET$ CONTEXTS >E 9EVITABLY ?R[N \R WAY1 ONLY TO WORK \T H[ BE/ TO 9HABIT !M4 

,?AT SAID1 NONE ( ?IS SUGGE/S WE %\LD LOOK =W>D TO CRISES4 ,NOT ONLY DO !Y BR+ GREAT DANG] TO HUMANS & NONHUMANS ACROSS ! BO>D 7ESPECIALLY ?OSE ALREADY WOR/ (F71 !Y ALSO PROVIDE ! MOM5TS ( 9/ABILITY NECESS>Y = AU?ORIT>IANISM TO LUR* =W>D4 ,FASCI/ GOV]NM5TS1 TOO1 HAVE RELI$ ON CRISES - REAL OR IMAG9$ - 9 ORD] TO SEIZE P[]4 ,NO LESS1 LONG-/&+ REGIMES WILL ALWAYS GLADLY EXPLOIT MOM5TS ( PANIC TO CRACK D[N ON DISSID5TS4 ,EXACTLY ?AT HAPP5$1 = EXAMPLE1 ) ! #aibc ,AMAKASU ,9CID5T 9 ,JAPAN1 9 :I* ! IMP]IAL >MY US$ ! TURMOIL G5]AT$ BY ! ,GREAT ,KANTO E>?QUAKE AS AN EXCUSE TO MURD] AN>*I/ FIGUREHEADS4 ,OR LOOK AT #i_/#a#a MORE REC5TLY1 GLEEFULLY UTILIZ$ BY REGIMES 9 ! ,GLOBAL ,NOR? TO ROLL \T AN UNPREC$5T$ WAVE ( 0ANTI-T]RORI/0 REPRESSION4 ,! BOTTOM L9E ON CRISES IS SIMPLY ?AT1 :E!R WE LIKE IT OR NOT1 !Y'RE 9EVITABLE - ESPECIALLY UND] CAPITALISM4 ,GIV5 ?AT /UBBORN CONUNDRUM1 WE CAN ONLY ASK H[ BE/ TO MAKE ! MO/ ( !M4 

,?IS ISN'T A MATT] ( C\NT+ D[N ! DAYS UNTIL ! %IT HITS ! FAN1 QUITE ! OPPOSITE3 ! CRISIS IS ALREADY H]E4 ,SOCIAL HI]>*Y1 9 ITS V]Y ESS5CE1 IS CRISIS4 ,M]ELY 9 ORD] TO P]SEV]E1 IT MU/ =EV] OV]EXT5D ITSELF1 DE/ABILIZ+ ! V]Y FABRIC ( LIFE :]EV] IT GOES4 ,BY 9T]V5+ EFFECTIVELY 9 ! C>NAGE ?AT 5GULFS US1 WE CAN M9IMIZE ! DAMAGE WR\<T1 ALL ! :ILE BUILD+ ! /R5G? NECESS>Y TO CONFRONT ! S+LE1 PLANET>Y DISA/] ?IS CIVILIZATION HAS BECOME4 ,AS ! CRISES MULTIPLY 9 SCALE & FREQU5CY1 IT'S POSSIBLE ! RECKLESSNESS ( ! SY/EM WILL BE ITS UNDO+1 GRANT+ AMPLE OPPORTUNITIES = 9SURRECTION & EV5 REVOLUTION4 ,JU/ REMEMB] ?AT ! FAIL+S ( \R 5EMIES WILL NEV] BE 5\<4 ,WE MU/ ALSO BE READY TO TAKE ADVANTAGE4 ,& TO DO ?AT WE NE$ TO GET GO+ N[4 

O ,*APT] #h 3 ,CONFRONT+ ! FUTURE 
#h3 ,CONFRONT+ ! FUTURE 

0,IT'S LAT] ?AN WE ?\<T0 

,! CURR5T HI/ORICAL CONDITIONS >E %IFT+1 GIV+ RISE TO A NEW EPO*4 ,AS ! HEAT GETS TURN$ UP1 SO MANY ( \R DEEPE/ ASSUMPTIONS AB\T ! WORLD - AB\T JU/ :AT IS & ISN'T POSSIBLE )9 IT - >E BEG9N+ TO MELT4 ,A DI/9CTLY NOVEL1 F> MORE VOLATILE T]RA9 IS PI]C+ ?R\< ! CURR5T ONE1 PROMIS+ A C5TURY ( CONFUS$ C]TA9TIES & GRITTY OPPORTUNITIES4 

,CONFRONT+ ! FUTURE MEANS RETURN+ TO ! !ME ( CRISIS1 ONLY ?IS TIME TO A SPECIFIC CASE3 CLIMATE *ANGE4 ,?IS IS SURELY ! DI/9CTIVE CRISIS = ! COM+ DECADES1 ! ONE ?AT ?REAT5S US MO/ SEV]ELY4 ,YET FEW /ILL TRULY BELIEVE IT CAN BE /ILL BE /OPP$1 AT LEA/ NOT COMPLETELY4 ,EA* NEW HEADL9E SMA%ES 9TO \R OPTIMISM1 CONFIRM+ A FRACTION ( :AT'S YET TO COME3 DR\<TS1 FLOODS1 HEAT WAVES1 HURRICANES1 =E/ FIRES1 =C$ MIGRATIONS444 ,! GLACI]S >E MELT+ FA/] ?AN EV]1 & SEA LEVELS >E RIS+ 9DISPUTABLY4 ,:IL/ ! YE>S #b#a#e-#a#i >E SET TO BE ! FIVE HOTTE/ EV] RECORD$1 ALREADY A DEGREE HI<] ?AN PRE-9DU/RIAL LEVELS4 ,WE'VE DEP>T$ ! MOM5T 9 :I* Y\ C\LD ACCURATELY REF] TO CLIMATE *ANGE AS A PROSPECTIVE EV5T4 ,HONE/LY SPEAK+1 IT'S LAT] ?AN WE ?\<T4 

,LEVIA?AN HAS ALWAYS GONE H& 9 H& ) ECOLOGICAL CRISIS2 IT'S NO CO9CID5CE1 !N1 ?AT ! GLOBALIZATION ( CAPITAL OV] ! LA/ FEW DECADES HAS BE5 MIRROR$ BY ! FIR/ DI/9CTLY PLANET>Y ECOLOGICAL CRISIS !RE'S BE54 ,?IS /ORY HAS1 ( C\RSE1 ALSO BE5 ONE ( ONGO+ RESI/ANCE3 ! ANTI-GLOBALIZATION MOVEM5T1 = ONE1 ?REW MANY OB/ACLES 9TO ! PA? ( CAPITALI/ PROGRESS1 EV5 IF ITS IMPACT FAIL$ TO LA/ F> 9TO ! #b#a/ C5TURY4 ,IT WAS SUCCE$$ SOME:AT BY AN 9T]NATIONAL1 FAIRLY GRASSROOTS MOVEM5T DIRECT$ SPECIFICALLY AGA9/ CLIMATE *ANGE1 ! HI< PO9TS ( :I* 9CLUD$ V>I\S CLIMATE CAMPS1 AS WELL AS MASS MOBILIZATIONS >\ND ! ,C,O,P #ae & #ba SUMMITS4 ,BUT IT %\LD COME AS NO SURPRISE ?AT ?IS MOVEM5T WAS ALSO UNSUCCESSFUL1 GIV5 ?AT IT C\LD ONLY SET ! B> IMPOSSIBLY HI<4 ,9 ORD] TO /OP CLIMATE *ANGE1 A MOVEM5T ( IMM5SE QUANTITY & QUALITY WAS REQUIR$3 IT HAD TO BE WORLDWIDE 9 9FLU5CE1 YET SUFFICI5TLY RADICAL TO TRANS=M ! DEEP /RUCTURE ( ! ECONOMY4 ,IT'S OBVI\S1 ?\<1 ?AT GLOBAL LIB]T>IAN REVOLUTION - ! ONLY ?+ ?AT WILL GET TO ! ROOT ( ! PROBLEM - ISN'T AB\T TO HAPP54 

,NOR >E RE=MI/ ATTEMPTS TO *ANGE GOV]NM5T POLICY LOOK+ ANY MORE HOPEFUL4 ,! WOR?LESSNESS ( ! #bae ,P>IS ,AGREEM5T - FOCUS$ ON ! WILDLY UNREALI/IC GOAL ( KEEP+ GLOBAL TEMP]ATURE RISE WELL BEL[ #b8,C - IS MADE ABUNDANTLY CLE> BY EA* NEW C>BON-9T5SIVE DEVELOPM5T PROJECT SIGNATORY /ATES IMPLEM5T4 ,NO LESS1 EV5 ?AT SCRAP ( PAP] HAS PROV5 TOO DEM&+ = SOME1 ) ! WORLD'S L>GE/ ECONOMY - ! ,U,S - PULL+ \T ( ! NON-B9D+ AGREEM5T 9 #b#a#g4 ,BY A PRESID5T :O D5IES ! V]Y EXI/5CE ( CLIMATE *ANGE444 ,BUT AT LEA/ ,! ,DONALD IS UPFRONT 9 HIS CONTEMPT = ! 5VIRONM5T1 RA!R ?AN PLAY+ ! TWO-FAC$ GAME ( HIS LIB]AL C\NT]P>TS4 ,AT ! 5D ( ! DAY1 ?IS OR ?AT GOV]NM5T POLICY ISN'T :AT REALLY MATT]S1 GIV5 ?AT SOLV+ CLIMATE *ANGE IS 9H]5TLY UNFEASIBLE = ANY CAPITALI/ /ATE4 ,AFT] ALL1 TAK+ ! ISSUE S]I\SLY W\LD MEAN RE/RUCTUR+ 7IF NOT DISMANTL+7 ! 5TIRETY ( GLOBAL PRODUCTION1 5TAIL+ MASSIVE ECONOMIC RECESSION4 ,& :IL/ SU* RECESSION WILL NO D\BT PALE 9 COMP>ISON TO :AT'S ON ! HORIZON1 ?AT H>DLY PRES5TS AN 9TELLIGIBLE PROBLEM = A GOV]NM5T SEEK+ REELECTION 9 ! NEXT FEW YE>S1 NOT :5 IT MEANS DEVA/AT+ !MSELVES ECONOMICALLY 9 ! %ORT-T]M4 

,?AT LEAVES US FAC$ ) A TR\BL+ COMB9ATION4 ,ON ! ONE H&1 9DU/RIAL CIVILIZATION IS RAC+ T[>DS MASSIVE1 IRREV]SIBLE CLIMATE *ANGE2 ON ! O!R1 !RE'S SURELY NO =CE ON E>? CAPABLE ( AV]T+ ?IS \TCOME4 ,IT SEEMS A NEW WAVE ( CLIMATE MOVEM5TS IS EM]G+ AT ! MOM5T - !SE C\LD MAKE ALL ! DIFF]5CE4 ,BUT WE ALSO NE$ TO BE REALI/IC AB\T :AT CAN /ILL BE A*IEV$4 ,TRU? BE TOLD1 ! OPPORTUNITY TO /OP CLIMATE *ANGE HAS SURELY PASS$ US BY3 NO LONG] IS IT A MATT] ( AVOID+ GLOBAL ECOLOGICAL MELTD[N ALTOGE!R1 BUT 9/EAD ( LIMIT+ ITS SEV]ITY4 ,GONE >E ! YE>S 9 :I* WE C\LD D5Y ! 9EVITABILITY ( ! CRISIS4 ,& :AT A /RANGE TIME TO BE ALIVE ?AT MAKES IT6 ,ONE GETS ! FEEL+ ( /&+ ON ! SEA%ORE1 WAT*+ ! APPROA*+ FLOOD 9 A /ATE ( CALM ACCEPTANCE4 ,MAYBE IT'S TIME TO D[NGRADE \R EXPECTATIONS3 ! WORLD WILL NOT BE SAV$4 

,DON'T JUMP TO ANY CONCLUSIONS1 ?\<4 ,! WORLD WON'T BE SAV$1 BUT IT'S H>DLY AB\T TO BE DE/ROY$1 EI!R4 ,A LITTLE TOO (T51 5VIRONM5TALI/ DISC\RSE IS PIT*$ AS A DI*OTOMY BETWE5 UTOPIA & EXT9CTION3 EI!R WE'LL M\NT A GLOBAL ECOLOGICAL REVOLUTION & SOLVE ALL \R PROBLEMS AT ONCE1 OR ELSE WE'LL FALL %ORT ( ! M>K & ALL LIFE ON E>? WILL BE ANNIHILAT$4 ,HONE/LY1 ?\<1 NEI!R IS REMOTELY LIKELY - NOT = ! TIME BE+4 ,?IS K9D ( ALL OR NO?+ ?9K+ IS UNHELPFUL1 BECAUSE IT SETS US UP = FAILURE ONCE IT BECOMES CLE> ?AT1 ACTUALLY1 WE'RE NOT GO+ TO W9 ?IS ONE4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 SU/A9+ A LIFETIME ( /RUGGLE MEANS FOCUS+ ON GOALS ?AT1 BESIDES BE+ AMBITI\S1 >E ALSO A*IEVABLE4 ,& SU* GOALS REMA9 OP5 TO US /ILL3 EV5 ?\< WE CAN'T /OP CLIMATE *ANGE ALTOGE!R1 WE CAN /ILL S(T5 ! BL[ SIGNIFICANTLY4 ,NOT ONLY DOES ?AT MEAN M9IMIZ+ ! AM\NT ( C>BON DIOXIDE YET TO BE RELEAS$ 9TO ! ATMOSPH]E - ?AT IS1 BR++ D[N ! ECONOMY AS DECISIVELY AS POSSIBLE - BUT ALSO PREP>+ O!RS & \RSELVES = ! 9EVITABLE CRUN* AHEAD4 ,IF ANY?+1 ?IS IS ! WOR/ TIME ( ALL TO GIVE UP4 ,!RE'S /ILL SO MU* TO FI<T =1 & ALSO TO W94 ,?IS ISN'T JU/ A MATT] ( DAMAGE LIMITATION6 ,! FUTURE PROMISES A GREAT MANY OPPORTUNITIES TO LIVE WILD & FREE2 DRAMATICALLY MORE ?AN TODAY1 EV54 

"9 "9 "9 

,?IS DISCUSSION GIVES WAY TO ANO!R1 NAMELY1 ! QUE/ION ( :AT A CLIMATE *ANG$ WORLD MI<T ACTUALLY LOOK LIKE4 ,ON ?IS TOPIC1 ! BOOK ,DES]T 7#b#a#a7 - A KEY S\RCE ( 9SPIRATION = ?IS *APT] - (F]S SOME IMPORTANT SUGGE/IONS4 ,PRESUM+ ANY?+ APPROA*+ A #d8,C TEMP]ATURE RISE OCCURS ?IS C5TURY1 ! PLANET W\LD BE LEFT UNRECOGNIZABLE COMP>$ TO TODAY4 ,SU* A HI< LEVEL ( HEAT+ - :I* C\LD WELL BE EXCE$$1 GIV5 CURR5T TRAJECTORIES - W\LD MEAN HOT DES]TS EXP&+ MASSIVELY BEYOND ! ,EQUATOR1 POSSIBLY SEEP+ DEEP 9TO ,EUROPE4 ,IT W\LD ALSO MEAN SEA LEVELS RIS+ AS HI< AS #a MET]S1 9UNDAT+ VA/ SWA!S ( DRY L&1 9CLUD+ MANY ( ?OSE REGIONS MO/ D5SELY 9HABIT$ BY HUMANS4 ,FAC$ ) A COMB9ATION ( W>M+1 ACIDIFICATION1 & POLLUTION1 ! OCEANS WILL BECOME 9CREAS+LY 9CAPABLE ( SUPPORT+ COMPLEX LIFE4 ,ACROSS ! GLOBE1 MOREOV]1 MILLIONS ( SPECIES ( PLANTS & ANIMALS /& TO BE WIP$ \T BY ! RELATIVELY SUDD5 DE/ABILIZATION ( LONG-/&+ ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS4 ,F9ALLY1 AS HUMAN REFUGEES AMASS 9 VA/ NUMB]S1 9 C\NTLESS LOCATIONS TRAMPL+ BORD]S 9 SE>* ( SAFETY1 ! TOLL ON \R [N SPECIES WILL LIKELY BE UNPREC$5T$4 ,IT SEEMS SURREAL TO EV5 WRITE IT1 BUT H]E IT IS3 FAC$ ) A COMB9ATION ( EXTREME WEA!R1 FAM9E1 FLOOD+1 W>1 & DISEASE1 ! LOSS ( HUMAN LIFE C\LD WELL CLIMB 9TO ! REGION ( BILLIONS4 

,IT GOES )\T SAY+ ?AT AN EXTREMELY VOLATILE 7& ALSO MASSIVELY DIV]SE7 SOCIAL SITUATION W\LD RESULT FROM !SE *ANGES4 ,ALREADY TODAY1 MANY EQUATORIAL REGIONS H\SE REGIMES :I* >E FAIL+ TO PROVIDE LOCAL POPULATIONS ) BASIC MAT]IAL NE$S1 9CLUD+ SUFFICI5T FOOD & CLEAN WAT]4 ,CLIMATE *ANGE WILL MULTIPLY NUM]\S PREEXI/+ ?REATS 9 MANY PLACES - MU* ( ,AFRICA & ! ,MIDDLE ,EA/1 = EXAMPLE - BEYOND ! CAPACITY = EFFECTIVE GOV]NANCE TO BE MA9TA9$4 ,AS ! VIABLE BORD]S ( GLOBAL CIVILIZATION %R9K1 MU* ( ! LOSS ( HUMAN LIFE WILL BE SUFF]$ BY ?OSE :O1 HAV+ BE5 =CIBLY 9CORPORAT$ 9TO AN 9H]5TLY UNSU/A9ABLE ECONOMIC SY/EM1 WILL BE HUNG \T TO DRY ONCE !Y CAN NO LONG] BE SUPPORT$4 ,9 MANY CASES1 0AN>*Y0 WILL 5SUE1 BUT NOT AT ALL 9 ! S5SE WE MEAN IT3 LOCAL W>LORDS & RELIGI\S EXTREMI/S WILL RU% 9 TO EXPLOIT ! SITUATION1 M]ELY REPLAC+ ! /ATE & CAPITAL RA!R ?AN DISMANTL+ !M - SOME?+ LOOK+ MU* MORE LIKE ,SOMALIA ?AN ,CATALONIA4 

,9 O!R CASES1 H[EV]1 ! DE/ABILIZATION ( V>I\S REGIONS WILL LIKELY FAVOR A MORE PEACEABLE \TCOME4 ,! COLLAPSE ( A CIVILIZATION DOESN'T NE$ TO MEAN ! 5D ( ! WORLD3 ) MANY CITIES FAIL+ TO SUPPORT !IR 9HABITANTS1 ONE ( ! SURE/ MEANS ( SURVIVAL WILL BE TO RETREAT TO COMMUNAL1 DEC5TRALIZ$ SETUPS ?AT AVOID ! UN/ABLE RELIANCE ON IMPORT$ RES\RCES & HEAVILY CONC5TRAT$ POPULATIONS4 ,EV5 TODAY1 ! 9HABITANTS ( MANY RURAL REGIONS - ?9K SUB-,SAH>AN ,AFRICA1 ,C5TRAL ,AM]ICA1 & ,S\!A/ ,ASIA - CONT9UE TO RELY ON ROBU/ SUBSI/5CE ECONOMIES ?AT C\LD WELL ACT AS AN EFFECTIVE BUFF] = MANY4 ,9 >EAS ( R$UC$ AGRICULTURAL VIABILITY1 MOREOV]1 V>I\S =MS ( #b#a/ C5TURY GA!R]-HUNT+ >E LIKELY TO EM]GE1 9T]SP]S$ ) A /RANGE BREW ( DROP\TS FROM MA9/REAM SOCIETY1 9CLUD+ HIPPIES1 PIRATES1 CULTS1 & HILLBILLIES4 ,EV5 IF /ATELESS SOCIETIES >5'T ! MO/ 9EVITABLE ( SOCIAL >RANGEM5TS1 !Y NONE!LESS REMA9 ! MO/ NATURAL - ?AT IS1 ! LEA/ RELIANT ON COMPLEX SOCIAL RELATIONS4 ,?IS WILL (F] A /RATEGIC ADVANTAGE1 DEP5D+ ON ! EXT5T TO :I* WE'RE CAPABLE ( APPRECIAT+ !SE (T5 ACCID5TAL AN>*IC FL[]+S1 MO/ ( :I* WILL FALL F> %ORT ( \R IDEALIZ$ /&>DS4 

,AMID SU* UNPREC$5T$ CONDITIONS1 LIB]T>IAN REVOLUTION MAY ALSO BECOME POSSIBLE 9 MANY PLACES4 ,SOCIAL HI]>*Y - ESPECIALLY CLASS - IS A CON/ANT BALANC+ ACT BETWE5 OPPRESS+ ! EXCLUD$ 5\< TO MAXIMIZE ! PRIVILEGES RECEIV$1 BUT NOT DO+ SO TO ! EXT5T !Y RISE UP & KILL Y\4 ,CLIMATE *ANGE WILL MAKE ?AT TI<TROPE IMM5SELY H>D] TO WALK4 ,AS ! M\NTA9 GLACI]S MELT 9TO NO?+1 MANY HEAVILY POPULAT$ REGIONS WILL SUFF] SEV]E WAT] %ORTAGES1 BUT Y\ CAN H>DLY EXPECT PEOPLE TO DIE QUIETLY :IL/ ! RI* KEEP !IR MANSION F\NTA9S RUNN+4 ,GIV5 ! REALIZATION ?AT ! LEA/ RESPONSIBLE = ! CRISIS /& TO SUFF] ! MO/1 9SURRECTION WILL SP>K (F 9 LOCATIONS CURR5TLY UN?9KABLE4 ,?AT WON'T ALWAYS BE A PRETTY PICTURE1 ESPECIALLY GIV5 ?AT MANY REBEL MOVEM5TS WILL UND\BT$LY BE NATIONALI/ 9 NATURE4 ,BUT !RE'S ALSO A SOLID *ANCE ! RAGE CAN BE PU%$ 9 A MORE HOPEFUL1 LIB]ATORY DIRECTION1 DEP5D+ ON ! EXT5T WE F9D \RSELVES READY TO 9T]V5E4 ,SOME GOOD C\LD WELL COME ( ?IS MESS3 AN>*ISM WILL 5JOY A GR[+ DEM& = A RADICALLY DIFF]5T VISION ( :AT ! WORLD C\LD LOOK LIKE1 ONE ?AT GETS TO ! ROOT ( ! PROBLEM RA!R ?AN JU/ BLAM+ ! VICTIMS4 ,9 T]MS ( ! NECESS>Y EXT]NAL CONDITIONS1 C]TA9LY1 IT'S POSSIBLE ! GOLD5 AGE ( 9SURRECTION & REVOLUTION LIV$ \T BY AN>*I/S A C5TURY AGO WILL BE EXCE$$4 

,AT GIV5 MOM5TS1 IT WILL BE TEMPT+ TO OV]/ATE ! NATURE ( ! DE/ABILIZATION1 BUT LET'S NOT GET C>RI$ AWAY4 ,?IS WON'T BE ! 5D ( HI]>*Y1 NOR ( ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ IT1 ONLY A TRANS=MATION ( ! CONDITIONS )9 :I* ?IS ET]NAL T5SION MANIFE/S ITSELF4 ,:IL/ NO D\BT 9CLUD+ FITS ( 9T5SITY H]E & !RE1 ! PROCESS ( DIS9TEGRATION WILL BE BO? LIMIT$ & GRADUAL1 DEFY+ \R ,HOLLYWOOD-9DUC$ EXPECTATIONS ( A SUDD51 ALL \T COLLAPSE4 ,?IS WILL SURELY BE ! 5D ( ?AT TOTALIZ+1 GLOBALIZ$ =M ( CAPITALISM KN[N TO SOME AS 0,EMPIRE10 BUT NOT ( CAPITALISM ITSELF1 NOR ( CIVILIZATION ALTOGE!R4 ,AS = ! NEXT DECADES1 MORE TEMP]ATE REGIONS - ESPECIALLY ISL& NATIONS SU* AS ,NEW ,ZEAL& & ! ,U,K - >E LIKELY TO REMA9 SOME:AT 9SULAT$ FROM ! DE/ABILIZATION1 AT LEA/ RELATIVE TO :AT WILL BE GO+ ON CLOS] TO ! ,EQUATOR4 

,MOREOV]1 IT'S EV5 POSSIBLE ?AT1 :IL/ CIVILIZATION & ITS BORD]S WILL RETRACT 9 MANY PLACES1 9 O!RS !SE WILL ACTUALLY EXP&4 ,ANO!R !ME = ! #b#a/ C5TURY WILL BE ! CONT9U$ ?AW+ ( COLD DES]TS1 SU* AS ?OSE F\ND 9 ,SIB]IA1 ,SC&9AVIA1 ,CANADA1 ,GRE5L&1 & ,ALASKA4 ,?IS WILL OP5 UP NEW POSSIBILITIES = CAPITALI/ EXPANSION 9 ! =M ( YET MORE TRADE1 SETTLEM5T1 & RES\RCE EXTRACTION4 ,9 FACT1 ! PROCESS ALREADY />T$ SOME YE>S AGO1 & IS LIKELY TO PICK UP ! PACE ?R\<\T ! C5TURY1 P]HAPS EV5 9CLUD+ ! =GOTT5 CONT95T ( ,ANT>CTICA4 ,AS ! ONCE UN9HABITABLE RECESSES ( ! PLANET BECOME PRIME L&S = COLONIZATION1 MANY /RONG]1 MORE IMP]IALI/IC C\NTRIES - 9CLUD+ ?OSE ) NUCLE> WEAPONS1 SU* AS ! ,U,S1 ,RUSSIA1 & ,*9A - /& TO BE DRAWN 9TO FUR!R GEOPOLITICAL CONFLICTS4 ,= ! TIME BE+1 AS WELL AS ! =ESEEABLE FUTURE1 ,LEVIA?AN IS F> FROM BE+ DEALT ITS DEA?BL[4 

,! RELATIVE /ABILITY ( MANY TEMP]ATE REGIONS1 H[EV]1 H>DLY SUGGE/S ?AT LIFE WILL CONT9UE AS NORMAL !RE4 ,= ONE1 ! ?REATS DE/ABILIZ+ EQUATORIAL REGIONS - DR\<T1 FLOOD+1 WAT] %ORTAGES - WILL 9CREASE M>K$LY EV]Y:]E1 EV5 ?\< REGIMES 9 ! ,GLOBAL ,NOR? HAVE A BETT] 9ITIAL *ANCE ( HOLD+ D[N EFFECTIVE GOV]NANCE4 ,CONSID]+ CURR5T TRAJECTORIES1 NO LESS1 IT'S ONLY A MATT] ( TIME - A FEW EXTRA DECADES1 MAYBE LESS - BE=E TEMP]ATE REGIONS >E HIT MU* H>D] BY ! SOCIAL & ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS ( CLIMATE *ANGE1 ESPECIALLY ) CITIES LIKE ,NEW ,YORK1 ,AM/]DAM1 & ,LONDON ALREADY AT RISK FROM FLOOD+4 ,EV5 BE=E !N1 A MAJOR PORTION ( 9T]NATIONAL TRADE WILL CRA% ONCE EQUATORIAL REGIONS />T TO FOLD1 PULL+ ! HEAVILY EXT]NALIZ$ ECONOMIES ( ! ,GLOBAL ,NOR? 9TO UNPREC$5T$ RECESSION4 ,) MANY C5TRI/ REGIMES FAIL+ TO KEEP A LID ON !IR EV] MULTIPLY+ CRISES1 MANY MOD]ATES WILL F9D !MSELVES LOOK+ = RADICAL ALT]NATIVES4 ,ALL ! DE/ABILIZ+ FACTORS ?AT PREFAC$ ! REVOLUTIONS ( ! PA/ WILL BE !RE 7IF ANY?+1 !Y'LL BE IMM5SELY GREAT]74 ,JU/ REMEMB] ?AT !SE >E ! V]Y CONDITIONS ?AT GAVE RISE TO FASCISM 9 ! #b? C5TURY1 ONLY ?IS TIME ) /AGG]+ NUMB]S ( CLIMATE REFUGEES ?R[N 9TO ! MIX4 ,AS ALWAYS1 ! 9EVITABILITY ( CRISES )9 HI]>*ICAL SY/EMS IS BO? \R GREATE/ 5EMY & FRI5D4 

,SOME WILL RESPOND1 NO D\BT1 ?AT SU* PR$ICTIONS >E OV] ! TOP4 ,P]HAPS CLIMATE *ANGE WILL TURN \T TO BE LESS SEV]E ?AN ! CURR5T EVID5CE SUGGE/S1 OR EV5 SIGNIFICANTLY MITIGAT$4 ,BUT REALLY NO ONE KN[S4 ,PRESUM+ ?+S DO BEG9 TO MAJORLY DIS9TEGRATE 9 ONE S5SE OR ANO!R - BE IT ?R\< CLIMATE *ANGE1 ! POT5TIAL CRISES M5TION$ 9 ! LA/ *APT]1 OR SOME?+ ELSE 5TIRELY - AN \TCOME RESEMBL+ ! PICTURE \TL9$ H]E SEEMS PROBABLE4 ,COMRADES W\LD ?US DO WELL TO CONSID] H[ !IR LOCAL T]RA9 ( /RUGGLE C\LD *ANGE OV] ! NEXT DECADES4 ,?AT ISN'T TO SAY WE %\LD GET TOO CAU<T UP 9 ! GAME ( MAK+ PR$ICTIONS1 ESPECIALLY GIV5 ?AT HI/ORY IS TYPICALLY DEF9$ BY ! EV5TS NO ONE SAW COM+4 ,YET BY PREP>+ WELL = ! FUTURE - ?AT IS1 BY /RUGGL+ H>D N[1 9 COMB9ATION ) A LITTLE =E?\<T - WE CAN MAXIMIZE \R POT5TIAL TO CONV]T EV5 ! MO/ ABYSMAL CONDITIONS 9TO SOLID OPPORTUNITIES = GR[?4 

,A ?\S& ,SYRIAS 

,ONLY ) ! HELP ( HI/ORICAL H9DSI<T DO Y\ REALLY KN[ :AT P]IOD Y\'RE LIV+ 94 ,IT'S UNLIKELY !RE WILL BE A DI/+UI%ABLE GR\ND Z]O M>K+ \T ! NEW EPO*1 ONLY A BLURRY L9E SEP>AT+ ! PREVI\S ]A FROM SOME?+ ALTOGE!R DIFF]5T4 ,P]HAPS FUTURE G5]ATIONS WILL EV5 CONSID] ! CURR5T HI/ORICAL MOM5T TO FALL )9 ! B\ND>IES ( ! NEW ]A1 GIV5 ?AT >GUABLY ! FIR/ MAJOR GEOPOLITICAL CONFLICT TRIGG]$ BY CLIMATE *ANGE - ! ,SYRIAN ,CIVIL ,W> - BEGAN SOME YE>S AGO4 ,?IS CONFLICT MI<T WELL BE> AN IMAGE FROM ! FUTURE1 SUGGE/+ :AT'S LIKELY TO BE REPRODUC$ ON AN EV] GREAT] SCALE OV] ! COM+ DECADES4 

,IT'S H>D TO IMAG9E N[1 BUT NOT LONG AGO ,SYRIA WAS ONE ( ! MO/ POLITICALLY /ABLE ,>AB REGIMES4 ,*IEF AMONG ! FACTORS ?AT ALT]$ ?IS PICTURE SO DRAMATICALLY1 H[EV]1 WAS ! WOR/ DR\<T EV] RECORD$ 9 ! REGION4 ,LA/+ FROM #bf TO #b#a#a1 ?IS P]IOD ( SEV]E DRYNESS - NE> IMPOSSIBLE TO EXPLA9 )\T REF]5CE TO AN?ROPOG5IC CLIMATE *ANGE - L$ TO MAJOR CROP FAILURES1 LIVE/OCK COLLAPSE1 & WAT] %ORTAGES 9 MANY RURAL >EAS4 ,UP TO #a4#e MILLION LOCALS W]E =C$ TO MIGRATE FROM ! C\NTRYSIDE 9TO ! CITIES1 COMB9$ ) AN 9FLUX ( SIMIL> NUMB]S ( REFUGEES FROM ! W> 9 ,IRAQ4 ,! RESULT WAS A SIGNIFICANTLY DIM9I%$ CAPACITY = URBAN FACILITIES TO PROVIDE = SU* %>PLY GR[+ POPULATIONS1 !REBY 9T5SIFY+ C]TA9 SOCIAL T5SIONS - UNEMPLOYM5T1 CORRUPTION1 9EQUALITY - ?AT W\LD O!RWISE HAVE BE5 F> LESS NOTICEABLE4 ,AN AUTOCRATIC REGIME IS ONE ?+1 BUT SOME?+ 5TIRELY DIFF]5T IS ONE ?AT CAN NO LONG] 5SURE ! BASIC MAT]IAL NE$S ( MO/ ( ITS CITIZ5S4 ,9SPIR$ BY NUM]\S UPRIS+S 9 O!R ,>AB /ATES1 ! FIR/ PROTE/S & 9SURG5CIES AGA9/ ! ,ASSAD REGIME BEGAN 9 #b#a#a1 ESCALAT+ DECISIVELY 9TO A CIVIL W> BY #b#a#b4 

,! BASIC DYNAMIC H]E IS CLE>3 RA!R ?AN S+LE-H&$LY CAUS+ ! CONFLICT1 EXTREME WEA!R CONDITIONS /RESS$ PREEXI/+ SOCIAL T5SIONS BEYOND ! CAPACITY ( ! LOCAL REGIME TO COPE4 ,)\T CLIMATE *ANGE1 CONTROL W\LD LIKELY HAVE BE5 MA9TA9$2 COMB9$ ) SU* VOLATILE ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS1 H[EV]1 ,SYRIAN SOCIETY HAS BE5 P]MAN5TLY ALT]$ BEYOND RECOGNITION4 

,IT'S WOR? NOT+ ?AT ?IS CONFLICT1 :I* BEGAN EXACTLY >\ND ! TIME ,DES]T WAS PUBLI%$1 VALIDATES SOME ( ! KEY PR$ICTIONS ! TEXT (F]S4 ,9 P>TICUL>1 ! ,SYRIAN ,CIVIL ,W> SUPPORTS ! EXPECTATION ?AT CLIMATE *ANGE WILL LEAVE MANY REGIONS 05GULF$ 9 CIVIL W>1 REVOLUTION1 & 9N]-/ATE CONFLICT10 (F]+ 0MU* HORROR BUT ALSO MU* POT5TIAL = CON/RUCT+ FREE LIVES40 ,! HORRIBLE ASPECTS ( ! W> >E ALL TOO OBVI\S1 HAV+ BE5 BROADCA/ ALMO/ CON/ANTLY = YE>S N[4 ,FAC$ ) BRUTAL REPRESSION AT ! H&S ( ! ,ASSAD REGIME1 MANY W]E CONV9C$ TO JO9 ! ,FREE ,SYRIAN ,>MY JU/ = A *ANCE TO FI<T BACK4 ,H[EV]1 ! *OICE WAS ULTIMATELY BETWE5 ! LESS AU?ORIT>IAN ( TWO /ATI/ GR\PS1 BO? ( :I* REMA9 COMMITT$ TO CONTROLL+ ! 5TIRETY ( ,SYRIA4 ,NOT ONLY ?AT1 ?IS P[]-PLAY ALSO PROVID$ ! DE/ABILIZATION NECESS>Y = ,I,S,I,S - AN ,ISLAMI/ /ATI/ GR\P1 FASCI/ 9 ALL BUT NAME - TO GA9 CONTROL ( MU* ( ,SYRIA & ,IRAQ BY #b#a#d1 BR++ YET MORE B>B>ISM TO ! FRAY4 ,RESPOND+ TO ?IS VOLATILE SITUATION1 MANY =EIGN P[]S - ! ,U,S1 ,RUSSIA1 ,FRANCE1 ,IRAN1 ,TURKEY - BECAME 9CREAS+LY 9VOLV$1 EXPLOIT+ ,SYRIA AS YET ANO!R !AT] 9 :I* TO FUR!R !IR GEOPOLITICAL 9T]E/S4 ,ALL ( :I* SOON LEFT MILLIONS ( REFUGEES ) NO *OICE BUT TO FLEE = !IR LIVES1 ONLY TO REVEAL ! TRUE COLORS ( MANY ,E,U /ATES1 :O 9 MO/ CASES SIMPLY FAVOR$ RAIS+ ! DRAWBRIDGE4 ,!SE >E EXACTLY ! *>ACT]I/ICS Y\ CAN EXPECT TO SEE REOCCURR+ ACROSS ! GLOBE ?IS C5TURY2 IF ANY?+1 ! AU?OR ( ,DES]T WAS MI/AK5 ONLY 9 SUSPECT+ IT W\LD TAKE MU* LONG] = ! PROCESS TO BEG94 

,?AT'LL DO = ! HORRIBLE ASPECTS ( ! W>1 BUT :AT ( ! POT5TIAL = CON/RUCT+ FREE LIVES8 ,F> FROM M]ELY G5]AT+ BLOOD%$ & AU?ORIT>IANISM1 ! ,SYRIAN ,CIVIL ,W> ALSO PROVES ?AT 0,9 SOME PLACES PEOPLES1 AN>*I/S AMONG !M1 C\LD TRANS=M CLIMATE W>S 9TO SUCCESSFUL LIB]T>IAN 9SURRECTIONS40 ,IT'S IMM5SELY REASSUR+ ?AT ALL ?IS DE/ABILIZATION GAVE BIR? TO ! FIR/ LIB]T>IAN SOCIALI/ REVOLUTION S9CE #a#i#c#f4 ,= YE>S PRIOR TO ! W>1 ! ,KURDS ( ,SYRIA HAD BE5 ORGANIZ+ !MSELVES CL&E/9ELY1 =M+ ! ,PEOPLE'S ,PROTECTION ,UNITS 7,Y,P,G7 9 RESPONSE TO ! #bd ,QAMI%LI RIOTS - SURELY AN 9SURRECTION4 ,9 #b#a#b1 ) ,ASSAD'S =CES DRAWN ELSE:]E1 ! ,KURDS SEIZ$ !IR OPPORTUNITY TO ?R[ (F ! ,SYRIAN /ATE1 !REBY 9ITIAT+ ! ,ROJAVA ,REVOLUTION4 ,?IS /RUGGLE HAS ALWAYS BE5 AB\T MU* MORE ?AN ,KURDI% 9DEP5D5CE4 ,HAV+ DEMON/RAT$ A PR(\NDLY LIB]T>IAN & ANTI-CAPITALI/ *>ACT]1 TAK+ ! AUTONOM\S COMMUNE AS ! NUCLEUS ( ITS SOCIAL TRANS=MATION1 IT C\LD H>DLY CONTRA/ MORE />KLY ) ANY?+ ELSE HAPP5+ >\ND ,SYRIA RI<T N[ - EV5 ! PLANET AS A :OLE4 ,IT'S QUITE SOME?+ TO BE WITNESS+ ! FIR/ FEM9I/ REVOLUTION 9 HUMAN HI/ORY1 ! ONLY 9 :I* WOM5'S LIB]ATION IS AT LEA/ AS IMPORTANT AS ANY ( ITS O!R ASPECTS4 ,! COMB9$ EMPHASIS ON ECOLOGY1 MOREOV]1 PLACES IT CLOS] TO A TOTAL LIB]ATION E?IC ?AN PROBABLY ANY EXPLICITLY AN>*I/ REVOLUTION !RE'S BE54 ,ALREADY TODAY1 ! ,ROJAVA ,REVOLUTION HAS LA/$ F> LONG] ?AN ! ,SPANI% ,REVOLUTION1 A*IEV+ A/ONI%+ GA9S AGA9/ ,I,S,I,S1 :IL/ REFUS+ TO BE BROK5 BY AN 9VASION LAUN*$ BY ,TURKEY AT ! BEG9N+ ( #b#a#h4 

,IT CAN BE A CURI\S ?+1 H[ HI/ORY (T5 WORKS4 ,= DECADES1 ! ,KURDI/AN ,WORK]S' ,P>TY 7,P,K,K7 HAD BE5 FAC+ (F AGA9/ ! ,TURKI% /ATE 9 A LONG & BLOODY CIVIL W>1 ALL ! :ILE /]NLY PROMOT+ ,M>XISM-,L59ISM4 ,AFT] BE+ CAPTUR$ 9 #a#i#i#i1 H[EV]1 ! LEAD] ( ! ,P,K,K - ,ABDULLAH ,OCALAN - BECAME ! SOLE 9MATE ( ! PRISON ISL& ( ,IMRALI1 :]E HE SOMEH[ CAME ACROSS ! WRIT+S ( ONE ,MURRAY ,BOOK*94 ,& :AT AN ELEGANT TWI/ ( FATE ?AT WAS3 ?IS IS EXACTLY :AT 9ITIAT$ ! %IFT 9 ,OCALAN'S ?9K+ AWAY FROM ,M>XISM1 ) ITS FIXATION ON /ATECRAFT1 T[>DS A NEW PROPOSAL = ,KURDI% LIB]ATION ?AT HE CALL$ 0DEMOCRATIC CONF$]ALISM40 ,?IS !ORY IS DEF9$ BY A BROAD APPLICATION ( ,BOOK*9'S LIB]T>IAN MUNICIPALISM TO ,MIDDLE ,EA/]N CONDITIONS1 TAK+ FEM9ISM1 ECOLOGY1 & MULTICULTURALISM AS ITS C5TRAL PILL>S4 ,GIV5 ! /RONG 9FLU5CE ( ,OCALAN OV] ! ,KURDI% LIB]ATION /RUGGLES 9 ,SYRIA & ,TURKEY1 ! MAJORITY ( ?OSE 9VOLV$ EV5TUALLY ADOPT$ DEMOCRATIC CONF$]ALISM 9 FULL1 SWAPP+ !IR AMBITION = A NEW NATION /ATE = ! GOAL ( A*IEV+ AUTONOMY FROM /ATES ALTOGE!R4 ,! ,SYRIAN ,CIVIL ,W> WAS M]ELY ! OPPORTUNITY NE$$ TO PUT !ORY 9TO PRACTICE ON A L>GE SCALE4 ,9 DO+ SO1 ! ,KURDS HAVE PROV5 ?AT DEMOCRATIC CONF$]ALISM (F]S ! MO/ REALI/IC HOPE ( A*IEV+ LA/+ PEACE NOT ONLY 9 ,SYRIA1 BUT ALSO ! ,MIDDLE ,EA/ MORE G5]ALLY4 ,! FUTURE IS NO DONE DEAL3 ! ,ROJAVA ,REVOLUTION (F]S MU* NE$$ HOPE = ! EV] D>K] TIMES AHEAD4 

,ON ! O!R H&1 ,ROJAVA DOESN'T (F] AN OBVI\S PICTURE ( AN AN>*I/ SOCIETY1 C]TA9LY NOT YET4 ,:E!R OR NOT ! /ATE CONT9UES TO EXI/ !RE IS A MATT] ( DEBATE1 :IL/ ! ECONOMY REMA9S SPLIT BETWE5 PRIVATE & COMMUNAL [N]%IP4 ,SOME LEVEL ( A POLICE =CE EXI/S1 EV5 ?\< ITS OP]ATIONS >E DIFFICULT TO DI/+UI% FROM COMMUNAL SELF-DEF5SE2 PRISONS REMA9 AS WELL1 AL?\< !IR APPLICATION N[ADAYS - PRIM>ILY A MATT] ( DETA9+ MEMB]S ( ,I,S,I,S - IS A %AD[ ( :AT IT WAS UND] ,ASSAD4 ,IT GOES )\T SAY+ ?AT ,ROJAVA ISN'T P]FECT1 NOT LEA/ BECAUSE ( ITS FRAGILITY4 ,BUT NONE ( ?IS %\LD DETRACT FROM :AT'S BE5 A*IEV$ BY ?IS H]OIC EXP]IM5T AMID ! MO/ TRY+ ( CIRCUM/ANCES4 ,MAYBE ! ,LEFT HAS BECOME A LITTLE TOO ACCU/OM$ TO LOS+ TO KN[ :AT A VICTORY LOOKS LIKE4 ,?IS ISN'T FICTION1 NOR IS IT HI/ORY3 ?IS IS REAL1 & IT'S GR[+ 9 ?IS V]Y M9UTE4 

,:AT'S MORE1 ANY D\BTS AS TO ! REVOLUTION>Y CONT5T AT ! CORE ( ,ROJAVA - USUALLY VOIC$ BY ?OSE SITT+ 9 ANO!R CONT95T - >E SOON DISPELL$ BY ! TE/IMONIES ( ! 9NUM]ABLE 9T]NATIONAL AN>*I/S :O'VE F\<T 7& FALL57 9 ?IS ONGO+ /RUGGLE4 ,( ! MORE DRAMATIC EXAMPLES1 ,ANNA ,CAMPBELL 7,HEL9 ,Q]ECOX7 - ALREADY LONG S9CE 5GAG$ 9 HUNT SABOTAGE1 ECO-DEF5SE1 PRISON ABOLITION1 & MIGRANT SOLID>ITY - TRAVEL$ FROM ! ,U,K TO ,ROJAVA 9 #b#a#g1 5LI/+ ) ! ,WOM5'S ,PROTECTION ,UNITS 7,Y,P,J74 ,AFT] TAK+ P>T 9 ! FI<T AGA9/ ,I,S,I,S AT ,DEIR EZ-,ZOR1 %E DEFI$ ! ADVICE ( H] COMM&]S BY JO9+ ! DEF5SE ( ,AFR9 AGA9/ 9VASION BY ,TURKEY4 ,IT WAS !RE ?AT ,CAMPBELL LO/ H] LIFE TO A ,TURKI% AIR/RIKE1 9 ,M>*1 #b#a#h4 ,YET H] READ9ESS TO GIVE EV]Y?+ = ,ROJAVA CONT9UES TO RES\ND1 AS 9 ! WORDS TO A COMRADE 7GR\ND$ 9 ALMO/ A YE> ( LIV+ & FI<T+ !RE7 ?AT 0,I'M NOT LOOK+ TO DIE1 BUT IF IT'S NECESS>Y TO DIE 9 ?IS /RUGGLE !N ,I'M READY40 ,ALSO ! MORE DETAIL$ CL>IFICATION3 

,I JO9$ BECAUSE ,I WANT$ TO SUPPORT ! REVOLUTION1 & BECAUSE ,I WANT$ TO P>TICIPATE 9 ! REVOLUTION ( WOM5 ?AT IS BE+ BUILT UP H]E4 ,& JO9 ALSO ! WEAPONIS$ FI<T AGA9/ ! =CES ( FASCISM & ! 5EMIES ( ! REVOLUTION4 ,SO N[ ,I'M V]Y HAPPY & PR\D TO BE GO+ TO ,AFR9 TO BE ABLE TO DO ?IS4 7,FROM A VIDEO PO/$ ONL9E BY ! ,Y,P,J1 #b#a#h7 

,BESIDES AFFIRM+ ! PRIOR A*IEVEM5TS ( ,ROJAVA1 F9ALLY1 ?IS K9D ( 9T]NATIONAL SOLID>ITY HAS HELP$ BR+ ! ONGO+ SOCIAL REVOLUTION TO UN*>T$ T]RA94 ,GRE5 AN>*I/ GR\P ,SOCIAL ,9SURRECTION 7=M$ 9 #b#a#e7 (F] AN EMPHASIS NOT ONLY ON ECOLOGY1 BUT ALSO VEGET>IANISM4 ,JU/ AS ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,REVOLUTION>Y ,PEOPLE'S ,GU]RILLA ,=CES 7,I,R,P,G,F1 =M$ 9 #b#a#g7 ANN\NC$ 9 !IR OP5+ /ATEM5T3 0,WE >E COMMITT$ ANTI-FASCI/S1 ANTI-CAPITALI/S1 ANTI-IMP]IALI/S & AGA9/ ALL =MS ( PATRI>*Y & KYRI>*Y10 EV5 GO+ ON TO AFFIRM ?AT 0,WE FI<T 9 DEF5SE ( LIFE & WE /RUGGLE = TOTAL LIB]ATION40 ,P]HAPS ! IC+ ON ! CAKE WAS !N PROVID$ BY ,! ,QUE] ,9SURRECTION & ,LIB]ATION ,>MY 7,T,Q,I,L,A1 =M$ LAT] 9 #b#a#g71 !MSELVES CLAIM+ ?AT 0! OPPRESSIVE /RUCTURES ?AT SEEK TO ]ASE ,QUE]S >E ALSO SIMULTANE\SLY ! ONES ?AT OPPRESS WOM51 WORK]S1 PEASANTS1 E?NIC M9ORITIES ET AL4 ,\R FI<T = LIB]ATION IS TI$ ) EV]Y OPPRESS$ GR\P'S FI<T = LIB]ATION4 ,IF ONE IS 9 *A9S1 ALL >E 9 *A9S40 

,SOCIETY IS A COMPLEX PROBLEM1 NEV] MOV+ T[>DS ANY S+LE 5D4 ,IF ! ,SYRIAN ,CIVIL ,W> (F]S A MICROCOSM = ! FUTURE 7& !RE'S GOOD REASON TO BELIEVE IT DOES71 IT'S FAIR TO LOCATE BO? 9T5SE HORROR & BEAUTY ON ! HORIZON4 ,)9 ! NEXT DECADES1 SU* DE/ABILIZATION WILL BEG9 EXPLOD+ >\ND ! WORLD1 (F]+ MAJOR OPPORTUNITIES BO? TO \R 5EMIES & \RSELVES4 ,MOREOV]1 IF CLIMATE *ANGE CONT9UES UNABAT$1 IT'S ONLY A MATT] ( TIME BE=E SOME?+ RESEMBL+ ,SYRIA BEG9S TO 5GULF ! 5TIRE PLANET4 ,NO LONG] CAN WE HOPE TO /OP CLIMATE *ANGE ALTOGE!R2 :E!R ?AT SITUATION MI<T (F] ITS FAIR %>E ( FRUITFUL \TCOMES1 H[EV]1 REMA9S 5TIRELY D[N TO US4 

,*OOS+ SIDES 9 A DY+ WORLD 

,ONLY ?REE DECADES AGO1 ! ,B]L9 ,WALL FELL1 REVEAL+ A MESS ( BROK5 DREAMS & G5OCIDE ON ! O!R SIDE4 ,! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5TS ( ! #a#i#gS & '#hS HAD SUBSID$1 :IL/ ! ANTI-GLOBALIZATION MOVEM5T HADN'T YET BEGUN TO FILL ! VOID4 ,?IS MOM5T ( RESPITE ALL[$ ! IDEOLOGUES ( MOD]NITY TO CALMLY SCAN ! GLOBE1 CONFID5T !RE WAS NO VIABLE ALT]NATIVE TO ! RULE ( LIB]AL DEMOCRACY4 ,SO SEV]E WAS !IR S5SE ( C]TA9TY1 ?AT 0! 5D ( HI/ORY0 ITSELF - ! SUPPOS$ CULM9ATION ( HUMANITY'S SOCIAL EVOLUTION - WAS PR\DLY DECL>$4 ,YET ! >ROGANCE UND]P9N+ ?AT LITTLE CLAIM IS EXACTLY :AT CONT9UES TO BL9D P[] TO ! IMM95CE ( ITS [N IMPLOSION4 ,! HONEYMOON IS OV]3 = ! FIR/ TIME 9 HI/ORY1 ! VIABILITY NOT ( ?IS OR ?AT CIVILIZATION HAS BE5 CALL$ 9TO QUE/ION1 BUT ( CIVILIZATION AS SU*4 ,P]HAPS ! 5D ( HI/ORY REALLY IS UPON US8 ,YET NOT AT ALL 9 ! S5SE ,FUKUYAMA MEANT IT4 

,! ECOLOGICAL *ANGES AHEAD >E LIKELY TO PUT S]I\S /RA9 ON ! VIABILITY ( LIB]AL DEMOCRACIES ! WORLD OV]4 ,RES\RCES WILL DW9DLE1 RE-EXPOS+ DEEP CLASS DIVISIONS ?AT DECADES ( ECONOMIC GR[? M]ELY COV]$ UP2 MEAN:ILE1 ! GU>ANTEE ( A DEC5T LIV+ /&>D EV5 = ! MIDDLE CLASS WILL BEG9 TO LOSE ITS CR$IBILITY4 ,) ! SOCIAL FABRIC />T+ TO UNRAVEL COMPLETELY1 C5TRI/ REGIMES WILL F9D !MSELVES EMPLOY+ EV] MORE REPRESSIVE MEASURES 9 ORD] TO MA9TA9 CONTROL4 ,! B\ND>IES ( ! SURVEILLANCE /ATE WILL CONT9UE TO BE EXP&$1 AIM+ = A TAKE ON OMNISCI5CE BEYOND ! WILDE/ DREAMS ( ANY ,/ASI AG5T4 ,RIS+ LEVELS ( IMMIGRATION WILL BE US$ NOT ONLY AS AN EXCUSE TO =TIFY BORD]S EV5 MORE1 BUT ALSO TO KEEP EV] GREAT] TABS ON ?OSE 9SIDE ! WALLS4 ,CLIMATE *ANGE WILL BE ROLL$ \T AS ! LATE/ FRONTI] ( ?AT ALREADY P]VASIVE SOCIAL W> - O!R ASPECTS ( :I* 9CLUDE ! W> ON T]ROR & W> ON DRUGS - WAG$ AGA9/ ! POPULATION 9 ! NAME ( \R PROTECTION4 ,EV] MORE PECULI> LAWS WILL BE S\<T1 & /ATES ( EM]G5CY WILL BE UTILIZ$ MU* MORE FREQU5TLY4 ,AT EV]Y TURN1 ! /ATE WILL FI<T TOO? & NAIL = ITS AMBITION ( TOTAL CONTROL1 GA9+ AS MU* GR\ND AS WE'RE WILL+ TO GIVE IT4 

,ESPECIALLY ONCE T5SIONS GET REALLY HI<1 ANY DEMOCRATIC GOV]NM5T WILL PROVE ITSELF WILL+ TO TAKE EV] GREAT] RISKS4 ,! ASSASS9ATION ( ,F]D ,HAMPTON & O!R ,BLACK ,PAN!RS DUR+ ! ,C,O,9,T,E,L,P,R,O ]A GIVES A TA/E ( :AT ! ,U,S /ATE HAS P]PETRAT$ :5 NECESS>Y2 NO LESS1 LOOK AT ! #aifi ,PIAZZA ,FONTANA BOMB+ 9 ,ITALY1 9 :I* A FASCI/ T]RORI/ ATTACK - P]HAPS EV5 FACILITAT$ BY ,N,A,T,O - WAS US$ AS AN EXCUSE TO P]SECUTE & MURD] LOCAL AN>*I/S4 ,!SE K9DS ( UND]H&$ TACTICS >E ONLY LIKELY TO BE \TDONE 9 ! YE>S AHEAD4 

,JU/ AS ! RI<T TO *OOSE Y\R MA/] DOESN'T /OP Y\ BE+ A SLAVE1 NEI!R DOES ! RI<T TO VOTE = Y\R GOV]NM5T /OP Y\ LIV+ 9 A DICTATOR%IP4 ,! DEA? ( LIB]AL DEMOCRACY - SOME?+ MANY NATIONS WILL 5DURE ?IS C5TURY - IS GU>ANTE$ BY ?AT LURK+ CONTRADICTION SO FUNDAM5TAL TO ITS EXI/5CE3 :IL/ SU* REGIMES PRIZE PROGRESSIVE1 EGALIT>IAN 5DS 9 !ORY1 !Y'RE DEF9$ 9 PRACTICE BY ALMO/ AS HI]>*ICAL A SETUP AS ANY O!R4 ,!SE 9CONSI/5CIES >E LESS NOTICEABLE DUR+ TIMES ( RELATIVE SOCIAL PEACE1 BUT ALL IT TAKES IS A BIT ( TURBUL5CE TO TEASE !M \T1 REVEAL+ ! BASIC MISMAT* BETWE5 SAY+ ONE ?+ & DO+ ANO!R4 ,AS ! MAT]IAL B5EFITS (F]$ BY LIB]ALISM RUN DRY1 CITIZ5S WILL F9D !MSELVES LESS WILL+ TO 5T]TA9 ! DEMOCRATIC MY?4 ,! AU?ORIT>IANISM AT ! CORE ( ANY /ATE WILL /EADILY BECOME UND5IABLE4 ,?AT WILL LEAVE MANY C5TRI/S CONFRONT$ ) A *OICE BETWE5 FOLL[+ ! DEMOCRATIC E?OS TO ITS LOGICAL1 AN>*IC CONCLUSION1 OR ELSE REJECT+ IT \TRI<T 9 FAVOR ( A MORE HONE/ DICTATOR%IP4 ,9 MANY CASES1 OP9ION WILL POL>IZE >\ND ! ONLY TWO COH]5T OPTIONS ON (F]3 AN>*ISM1 ) ITS REJECTION ( HI]>*Y 9 ANY =M1 & FASCISM1 :I* WE>S ! AFFIRMATION ( HI]>*Y ON ITS SLEEVE4 

,?IS W>N+ ( ! LIKELY REEM]G5CE ( FASCISM IS H>DLY AL>MI/4 ,! SOCIAL CONTRACT HAS ALWAYS BE5 A TRADE(F BETWE5 FRE$OM & SECURITY2 AS ! 9SECURITY POS$ BY CLIMATE *ANGE REALLY GETS SC>Y1 H[EV]1 ! DEGREE ( FRE$OM MANY ( US WILL OPT TO SURR5D] IS GO+ TO 9CREASE DRAMATICALLY4 ,:E!R EXPLICIT OR IMPLICIT1 GRADUAL OR SUDD51 FASCI/IC LOGIC WILL CONT9UE TO 9FILTRATE ! SPH]E ( MA9/REAM POLITICS1 AS HAS ALREADY BEGUN 9 REC5T YE>S4 ,ESPECIALLY ONCE IT BECOMES UND5IABLE ?AT ECONOMIC GR[? IS AT ! HE>T ( ! 5VIRONM5TAL CRISIS1 IT'S H>D TO IMAG9E ! SLUDGY C5T] ( NEOLIB]AL DISC\RSE CONT9U+ TO HOLD SWAY4 ,EI!R ! KILL+ MA*9E ?AT IS ! ECONOMY WILL BE TORN D[N COMPLETELY1 OR ELSE AN EV5 GREAT] MON/] - ! OMNIPOT5T /ATE - WILL NE$ TO >ISE JU/ TO KEEP IT 9 *ECK4 ,! FASCI/ OPTION1 DEF9$ NOT ONLY BY ITS NATIONALISM1 BUT ALSO ! REJECTION ( FREE M>KETS1 WILL SEEM LIKE AN 9CREAS+LY LOGICAL *OICE = MANY4 

,9 P>TICUL>1 ! #b#a/ C5TURY IS LIKELY TO WITNESS ! WIDESPREAD RE9V5TION ( FASCISM 9 ECOLOGICAL =M4 ,P5TTI ,L9KOLA1 EXPOS+ ! D>K SIDE ( DEEP ECOLOGY1 SUMM>IZES ! AU?ORIT>IAN TAKE ON 5VIRONM5TALISM AS SU*3 0! SURVIVAL ( MAN - :5 NATURE CAN TAKE NO MORE - IS POSSIBLE ONLY :5 ! DISCIPL9E1 PROHIBITION1 5=CEM5T & OPPRESSION MET$ \T BY ANO!R CLE>-SI<T$ HUMAN PREV5TS HIM FROM 9DULG+ 9 HIS DE/RUCTIVE IMPULSES & COMMITT+ SUICIDE40 ,DON'T =GET ?AT ,NAZISM WAS AT TIMES /RANGELY SYMPA!TIC TO ! PLI<T ( NONHUMAN ANIMALS & ! 5VIRONM5T4 ,HITL]'S REGIME 5DORS$ ORGANIC F>M+ & BANN$ VIVISECTION1 :IL/ ,SAVITRI ,DEVI - AMONG ! MO/ 9FLU5TIAL ,NAZI WRIT]S S9CE ! ,SECOND ,WORLD ,W> - ATTEMPT$ TO COMB9E FASCISM & ! OCCULT ) ANIMAL RI<TS & BIOC5TRISM4 ,MU* ( ! APPEAL ( CONTEMPOR>Y FASCI/S SU* AS ! ,ALT-RI<T LIES 9 !IR PROMISE TO RE/ORE1 ALONG RACIAL L9ES1 ! S5SE ( COMMUNITY NEOLIB]AL CAPITALISM HAS SO METICUL\SLY DE/ROY$2 YET IT'S ECO-FASCISM - ! FIXATION ) BLOOD & SOIL - ?AT WILL (F] A RETURN TO UNITY ) ,NATURE AS WELL4 ,JU/ AS ,HITL] & ,MUSSOL9I LEGITIMIZ$ !MSELVES ) WORK]I/ OV]TONES1 EXPLOIT+ ONE ( ! LEAD+ MORAL =CES ( ! E>LY #b? C5TURY1 ! NE$ TO PROTECT AN 9CREAS+LY UN9HABITABLE PLANET WILL BE TAK5 AS ! LATE/ EXCUSE TO PULV]IZE ! MO/ VULN]ABLE AMONG US4 

,! ATTEMPT TO COMB9E FASCISM ) ECOLOGY IS1 ( C\RSE1 S]I\SLY CONFUS$4 ,?IS SYN!SIS %\LD BE GRANT$ AB\T AS MU* DURABILITY AS ,HITL]'S APPRAISAL ( WORK]S' P[]1 :I* WAS 9EVITABLY SWAPP$ = \TRI<T ANNIHILATION ( ! TRADE UNIONS ! MOM5T HE GA9$ P[]4 ,P>TICUL>LY GIV5 ?AT1 F> FROM ABOLI%+ ! GR[?-IMP]ATIVE ?AT DEF9ES CAPITALI/ PRODUCTION1 FASCISM M]ELY SEEKS TO C5TRALIZE IT UND] /ATE CONTROL4 ,ALL ! :ILE =TIFY+ ! V]Y HI]>*IES - ! /ATE1 CLASS1 & G5D]1 IF NOT CIVILIZATION ITSELF - ?AT LIE AT ! ROOT ( ! 5VIRONM5TAL CRISIS4 ,HAV+ SAID ?AT1 H[EV]1 ! 9EVITABILITY ( A POLITICAL QUICK-FIX M]ELY COMP\ND+ ! HORROR D[N ! L9E HAS NEV] BE5 A GU>ANTEE IT WON'T /ILL BE TRI$4 

,?IS CONFIRMS ! URG5CY ( 5GAG+ 9 EFFECTIVE ANTI-FASCISM N[4 ,:IL/ CONFRONTATION REMA9S ESS5TIAL1 ?\<1 ANY LONG-T]M ANTI-FASCI/ /RATEGY MU/ ALSO TAKE C>E TO (F] MORE ATTRACTIVE1 LIB]T>IAN ALT]NATIVES TO ! DECOMPOSITION ( MA9/REAM POLITICS4 ,! /ATUS QUO IS FAIL+ - SOME?+ :I*1 9 A WEIRD WAY1 BO? ,TRUMP & ,BREXIT ALREADY BEG9 TO 9DICATE - & MORE ( ! SAME ISN'T GO+ TO SAVE US4 ,!RE'S A GR[+ NE$ = A RESI/ANCE MOVEM5T AGA9/ ALL =MS ( HI]>*Y1 ONE ?AT AFFIRMS ECOLOGICAL BALANCE AS ONE & ! SAME ) ! CON/RUCTION ( HORIZONTAL SOCIAL RELATIONS4 ,9 !SE 9CREAS+LY 9T5SE TIMES1 ! EM]G5CE ( A BOLD MOVEM5T = TOTAL LIB]ATION - IMM$IATE 9 ITS IMPACT1 YET =EV] ) ITS GAZE ON ! REVOLUTION>Y HORIZON - WILL BECOME LESS ( A LUXURY1 MU* MORE A MATT] ( EV]YDAY SURVIVAL 9 AN 9CREAS+LY HO/ILE T]RA94 ,!RE CAN BE NO PRET5SIONS ( NEUTRALITY 9 ?IS DY+ WORLD4 

"9 "9 "9 

,F\R & A HALF BILLION YE>S AGO1 PLANET ,E>? WAS A GL[+1 VOLCANIC EXPANSE4 ,) TIME1 \R PLANET COOL$ & ! ATMOSPH]E =M$2 WAT] & OXYG5 EM]G$1 G5]AT+ ! CONDITIONS NECESS>Y = LIFE TO FL\RI%4 ,! /ORY ( \R ORIG9S1 BILLIONS ( YE>S 9 ! MAK+1 GAVE RISE AT FIR/ TO S+LE-CELL$ ORGANISMS1 !N TO COMPLEX LIFE4 ,EVOLUTION CONT9U$ TO DEVELOP1 & LIFE MULTIPLI$ 9TO A VA/ DIV]SITY ( FLORA & FAUNA1 :OLLY CONTA9$ )9 A S+LE1 P]FECTLY BALANC$ ECOLOGICAL CONT9UUM4 ,\RS IS A PLANET SO BEAUTIFUL1 SO UNFA?OMABLY COMPLETE1 ?AT ,GOD ,HIMSELF HAD TO BE 9V5T$ JU/ TO MAKE S5SE ( IT ALL4 ,& YET1 H]E WE >E1 ONE SPECIES AMONG BILLIONS1 LAY+ WA/E TO ! LIFE-EXP]IM5T4 ,= ?OSE PLANTS & ANIMALS ALREADY DRIV5 TO EXT9CTION BY CIVILIZATION1 AS WELL AS ALMO/ ALL NON-CIVILIZ$ PEOPLES1 ! APOCALYPSE HAS LONG S9CE COME & GONE1 LEAV+ NO?+ BUT DEA? & DI/ANT PR(ITS 9 ITS WAKE4 ,?IS CATA/ROPHE CONT9UES TO DEEP5 & EXP& AT AN 9CONCEIVABLE PACE4 ,UNTIL ! V]Y ]ASURE ( LIFE AS WE KN[ IT BEG9S TO />E EA* & EV]Y ONE ( US SQU>ELY 9 ! FACE4 

,)9 SU* AN UN=GIV+ CONTEXT1 IT IS NECESS>Y TO *OOSE A SIDE4 ,?AT CAN BE DONE ) C\RAGE & PURPOSE1 OR WE C\LD RESIGN \RSELVES TO GETT+ SWEPT UP YET AGA91 ONLY ?IS TIME BY ! MO/ G5OCIDAL ( C5TURIES4 ,MAKE NO MI/AKE1 IT'S IMPOSSIBLE TO DO NO?+3 Y\'RE ALWAYS EI!R GO+ ) A FL[ OR AGA9/ IT1 & NEI!R OPTION IS FREE ( RISK4 ,:AT ( ! POSSIBILITY ?AT1 BEYOND FAIL+ TO FI<T = ! ?+S 9 LIFE ?AT REALLY MATT]1 WE'LL EV5 5D UP COMPLICIT 9 ANNIHILAT+ !M8 ,CAPITALI/S HAVE PROV5 !IR FONDNESS = HID+ BEH9D ! ATROCITIES ( ! #b? C5TURY1 BUT IT SEEMS ! #b#a/ - DRIV5 TO ! BR9K BY ! 0MO/ REALI/IC0 ( ECONOMIC SY/EMS - IS DIGG+ MASS GRAVES ! LIKES ( :I* ONE D>ES NOT IMAG9E4 ,SUDD5LY IT'S ?OSE CALL+ TO KEEP ?+S ! SAME ) !IR HEADS 9 ! CL\DS3 NO LONG] >E WE GU>ANTE$ A DEC5T %OT AT SURVIVAL 9 RETURN = GIV+ UP \R DREAMS4 

,TAKE A /&1 FI<T+ E>?L+S4 ,WAG+ W> ) ! SY/EM ( DEA?1 F> FROM BE+ A MATT] ( DECL>ATION1 M]ELY FACES UP TO ! REALITY ?AT ALREADY 5GULFS US4 ,! PLANET IS BE+ ?ROTTL$1 ! ECONOMY IS CRU%+ US1 & FASCISM IS ON ! RISE4 ,FAC$ ) ?IS DIZZY+ COMB9ATION ( CIRCUM/ANCES1 TOTAL LIB]ATION IS LIT]ALLY ! MO/ REALI/IC RESPONSE WE HAVE4 ,GONE IS ! TIME 9 :I* SO MANY AMONG US - HUMANS1 ANIMALS1 ! E>? - C\LD JU/IFIABLY BE LEFT BEH9D4 ,SU* A PLURALITY ( CONC]NS1 F> FROM BE+ A DRAWBACK1 IS EXACTLY ! S\RCE ( \R REVOLUTION>Y POT5TIAL1 SOME?+ ?AT'S N\RI%$ ALL ! MORE BY AGREE+ NOT TO PUT \R DIFF]5CES ASIDE4 ,! PO9T IS M]ELY ?AT1 IRRESPECTIVE ( ! UNIQUE PA? ( EA* LIB]ATION /RUGGLE1 !SE MU/ NONE!LESS ATTEMPT TO MEET 9 ! MIDDLE1 A*IEV+ A COMPLETE BREAK ) ! /ATE1 CAPITAL1 & SOCIAL HI]>*Y ALTOGE!R4 

,?IS ISN'T A /ORY ( SACRIFICE1 NOR A YE>N+ = APPLAUSE2 :AT MAKES ! /RUGGLE WOR? AFFIRM+ - AMID BO? ! JOY & ! PA9 IT (F]S - IS ?AT1 EV5 9 ! DIRE/ ( CONTEXTS1 IT (F]S A LIFE ?AT'S BEAUTIFUL & TRUE4 ,! MEAN+ ( REVOLUTION1 ASIDE FROM ITS PROMISES ( A WORLD TO COME1 IS EMBODI$ 9 ! V]Y REALITIES WE SUCCE$ 9 CREAT+ N[4 ,EV5 AMID ! FUMES ?AT *OKE US1 Y\ CAN'T D5Y ! POSSIBILITIES BUR/+ ?R\<4 

O ,BIBLIOGRAPHY 
,BIBLIOGRAPHY _/ FUR!R READ+ 

,&REW ,X 7#b#a7 0,GIVE UP ,ACTIVISM40 FROM ,DO OR ,DIE1 ISSUE #i 

,ANONYM\S 7#b#a7 ,AT ,DAGG]S ,DRAWN ) ! ,EXI/5T1 ITS ,DEF5D]S & ITS ,FALSE ,CRITICS 7,LONDON3 ,ELEPHANT ,$ITIONS7 

,ANONYM\S 7#b#c7 ,CALL 

,ANONYM\S 7#b#a#a7 ,DES]T 7,/4 ,KILDA1 ,U,K3 ,/AC AN ,>M9 ,PRESS7 

,ANONYM\S 7#b#f7 ,D[N ) ! ,EMPIRE1 ,UP ) ! ,SPR+6 7,WELL+TON3 ,REBEL ,PRESS7 

,ANONYM\S 7#b#c7 0,9SURRECTION>Y ,AN>*Y3 ,ORGANIZ+ = ,ATTACK60 FROM ,DO OR ,DIE1 ISSUE #a 

,ANONYM\S 7#b#a#c7 ,! ,ISSUES >E NOT ! ,ISSUE 

,ANONYM\S 7#b#a#e7 0,! ,VEIL ,DOPS40 FROM ,RETURN ,FIRE1 ISSUE #c 

,B>I1 ,JUDI4 7#a#i#i#e7 0,REVOLUTION>Y ,ECOLOGY3 ,BIOC5TRISM @& ,DEEP ,ECOLOGY40 FROM ,AL>M 

,BE/1 ,/EV51 @& ,NOCELLA1 ,AN?ONY ,J4 ,I,I 7#b#f7 0,A ,FIRE 9 ! ,BELLY ( ! ,BEA/3 ,! ,EM]G5CE ( ,REVOLUTION>Y ,5VIRONM5TALISM40 FROM ,IGNIT+ A ,REVOLUTION3 ,VOICES 9 ,DEF5SE ( ! ,E>?1 $4 ,BE/1 ,/EV51 @& ,NOCELLA1 ,AN?ONY ,J4 ,I 7,OAKL&3 ,A,K ,PRESS7 

,BE/1 ,/EV5 7#b#a#d7 ,! ,POLITICS ( ,TOTAL ,LIB]ATION3 ,REVOLUTION = ! #b#a/ ,C5TURY 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,PALGRAVE ,MACMILLAN7 

,BEY1 ,HAKIM 7#b#c7 ,T,A,Z3 ,! ,TEMPOR>Y ,AUTONOM\S ,ZONE1 ,ONTOLOGICAL ,AN>*Y1 ,POETIC ,T]RORISM 7,NEW ,YORK ,CITY3 ,AUTONOM$IA7 

,BIEHL1 ,JANET 7#b#g7 0,BOOK*9 ,BREAKS ) ,AN>*ISM40 FROM ,COMMUNALISM 

,BOOK*91 ,MURRAY 7#b#a7 ,! ,SPANI% ,AN>*I/S3 ,! ,H]OIC ,YE>S #a#h#f#h-#a#i#c#f 7,OAKL&3 ,A,K ,PRESS7 

---4 7#b#d7 0,LI/51 ,M>XI/60 FROM ,PO/-,SC>CITY ,AN>*ISM 7,MONTREAL3 ,BLACK ,ROSE ,BOOKS7 

---4 7#b#e7 ,! ,ECOLOGY ( ,FRE$OM3 ,! ,EM]G5CE & ,DISSOLUTION ( ,HI]>*Y 7,OAKL&3 ,A,K ,PRESS7 

,BONANNO1 ,ALFR$O 7#a#i#g#g7 ,>M$ ,JOY 7,LONDON3 ,ELEPHANT ,$ITIONS7 

---4 7#b7 ,! ,9SURRECTIONAL ,PROJECT 7,LONDON3 ,ELEPHANT ,$ITIONS7 

---4 7#b#a#c7 ,LET'S ,DE/ROY ,WORK1 ,LET'S ,DE/ROY ! ,ECONOMY 7,SAN ,FRANCISCO3 ,>D5T ,PRESS7 

,DAUVE1 ,GILLES 7#b#h7 0,:5 ,9SURRECTIONS ,DIE3 #a#i#a#g-#a#i#c#g40 FROM ,5DNOTES1 ISSUE #a 

---4 7#b#a#e7 ,ECLIPSE & ,REEM]G5CE ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,MOVEM5T 7,OAKL&3 ,P,M ,PRESS7 

,GELD]LOOS1 ,PET]4 7#b#g7 ,9SURRECTION VS4 ,ORGANIZATION3 ,REFLECTIONS FROM ,GREECE ON A ,PO9TLESS ,S*ISM 

---4 7#b#a7 ,AN ,AN>*I/ ,SOLUTION TO ,GLOBAL ,W>M+ 

,HAID]1 ,ASAD4 7#b#a#h7 ,MI/AK5 ,ID5TITY3 ,RACE & ,CLASS 9 ! ,AGE ( ,TRUMP 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,V]SO ,BOOKS7 

,9VISIBLE ,COMMITTEE4 7#b#i7 ,! ,COM+ ,9SURRECTION 7,LOS ,ANGELES3 ,SEMIOTEXT7E77 

---4 7#b#a#e7 ,TO ,\R ,FRI5DS 7,LOS ,ANGELES3 ,SEMIOTEXT7E77 

---4 7#b#a#g7 ,N[ 7,LOS ,ANGELES3 ,SEMIOTEXT7E77 

,NAESS1 ,>NE4 7#a#i#i#c7 0,! ,DEEP ,ECOLOGICAL ,MOVEM5T3 ,SOME ,PHILOSOPHICAL ,ASPECTS40 FROM ,5VIRONM5TAL ,PHILOSOPHY 

,NIB]T1 ,DAVID 7#b#b7 ,ANIMAL ,RI<TS_/,HUMAN ,RI<TS3 ,5TANGLEM5TS ( ,OPPRESSION & ,LIB]ATION 7,LANHAM1 ,M,D3 ,R[MAN @& ,LITTLEFIELD7 

,OCALAN1 ,ABDULLAH 7#b#a#c7 ,DEMOCRATIC ,CONF$]ALISM 7,COLOGNE3 ,9T]NATIONAL ,9ITIATIVE ,$ITION7 

---4 7#b#a#g7 ,LIB]AT+ ,LIFE3 ,WOMAN'S ,REVOLUTION 7,COLOGNE3 ,9T]NATIONAL ,9ITIATIVE ,$ITION7 

,PELL[1 ,DAVID ,NAGUIB 7#b#a#d7 ,TOTAL ,LIB]ATION3 ,! ,P[] & ,PROMISE ( ,ANIMAL ,RI<TS & ! ,RADICAL ,E>? ,MOVEM5T 7,M9NEAPOLIS3 ,UNIV]SITY ( ,M9NESOTA ,PRESS7 

,PELL[1 ,DAVID ,NAGUIB1 @& ,BREHM1 ,HOLLIE ,NYSE? 7#b#a#e7 0,FROM ! ,NEW ,ECOLOGICAL ,P>ADIGM TO ,TOTAL ,LIB]ATION3 ,! ,EM]G5CE ( A ,SOCIAL ,MOVEM5T ,FRAME40 FROM ,SOCIOLOGICAL ,QU>T]LY 

,P]LMAN1 ,FR$Y4 7#b#a7 ,AGA9/ ,HIS-TORY1 ,AGA9/ ,LEVIA?AN6 7,DETROIT3 ,BLACK @& ,R$7 

$4 ,S*W>TZ1 ,A4 ,G41 ,SAGRIS1 ,TASOS2 ,VOID ,NETWORK4 7#b#a7 ,WE >E AN ,IMAGE FROM ! ,FUTURE3 ,! ,GREEK ,REVOLT ( ,DECEMB] #bh 7,OAKL&3 ,A,K ,PRESS7 

,S+]1 ,PET] 7#b#i7 ,ANIMAL ,LIB]ATION 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,H>P] ,P]5NIAL7 

$4 ,/RANG]S 9 A ,TANGL$ ,WILD]NESS 7#b#a#e7 ,A ,SMALL ,KEY CAN ,OP5 A ,L>GE ,DOOR3 ,! ,ROJAVA ,REVOLUTION 7,/RANG]S 9 A ,TANGL$ ,WILD]NESS7 

,TIQQUN4 7#b#a#a7 ,?IS IS ,NOT A ,PROGRAM 7,LOS ,ANGELES3 ,SEMIOTEXT7E77 

VAN D] ,WALT1 ,LUCI51 @& ,S*MIDT1 ,MI*AEL 7#b#i7 ,BLACK ,FLAME3 ,! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,CLASS ,POLITICS ( ,AN>*ISM & ,SYNDICALISM 7,OAKL&3 ,A,K ,PRESS7 

,Z]ZAN1 ,JOHN 7#a#i#i#i7 0,AGRICULTURE40 FROM ,ELEM5TS ( ,REFUSAL 7,COLUMBIA1 ,M,O3 ,C4,A4,L4 ,PRESS7 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,JANU>Y #c#a1 #bba 3 ,TOTAL ,LIB]ATION -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #g1 #bbb 3 ,TOTAL ,LIB]ATION -- ,UPDAT$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/