,APP5DIX ,PEOPLE 3 ,AU?OR 3 ,MURRAY ,BOOK*9 ,TEXT 3 ,APP5DIX3 ,&RE ,GORZ ,RIDES ,AGA9 -- OR ,POLITICS AS ,5VIRONM5TALISM ,ECOLOGY & ! ECOLOGICAL IMBALANCES ( \R TIME OP5 A SWEEP+ SOCIAL HORIZON ?AT PR(\NDLY *ALL5GES EV]Y CONV5TIONAL !ORY 9 ! IDEOLOGICAL SPECTRUM4 ,! SPLIT BETWE5 HUMANITY & NATURE2 ! NOTION ?AT MAN CAN DOM9ATE NATURE1 A NOTION ?AT D]IVES FROM ! DOM9ATION ( HUMAN BY HUMAN2 ! ROLE ( ! M>KET ECONOMY 9 DEVELOP+ TE*NOLOGIES ?AT CAN UNDO ! WORK ( NATURAL EVOLUTION 9 ONLY A FEW G5]ATIONS2 ! ABSURDITY ( DEAL+ ) ECOSY/EMS & FOOD WEBS 9 HI]>*ICAL T]MS -- ALL ( !SE ISSUES & T5ETS RAISE IMM5SE POSSIBILITIES = DEVELOP+ A RADICAL SOCIAL ECOLOGY ?AT TRANSC5DS OR?ODOX ,LEFT IDEOLOGIES AT ONE EXTREME & ! CRUDITIES ( SOCIOBIOLOGY AT ! O!R4 ,A S]I\S !ORI/ W\LD WANT TO EXPLORE !SE ISSUES & W\LD WANT TO USE !M RECON- /RUCTIVELY TO FO/] ! REH>MONIZATION ( NATURE ) HUMANITY & ( HUMAN ) HUMAN1 BO? AS FACT & S5SIBILITY4 ,AS FACT1 ! ATTEMPT TO A*IEVE A NEW H>MONY BETWE5 HUMANITY & NATURE W\LD 9VOLVE AN EXPLORATION ( ! USES ( ECOTE*NOLOGIES AS ! TE*NICAL & CREATIVE MEANS = RECOV]+ HUMANITY'S METABOLISM ) NATURE 9 A NON-,PROME!AN WAY4 ,I REF] TO ! USE ( NEW ME?ODS ( FOOD CULTIVATION1 ECOLOGICAL S\RCES ( 5]GY 7SOL>1 W9D1 ME?ANE1 & ! LIKE71 ! 9TEGRATION ( CRAFT ) 0HI<0 TE*NOLOGIES1 FULFILL+ =MS ( WORK OR ( WORK AS PLAY4 ,IT W\LD 9VOLVE AN EXPLORATION ( ! DEC5TRALIZ$1 CONF$]AL1 ECOCOMMUNITIES & =MS ( DIRECT DEMOCRACY ?AT A NEW SOCIETY W\LD SEEK TO CREATE4 ,AS S5SIBILITY1 ! ATTEMPT TO A*IEVE A NEW H>MONY BETWE5 HUMANITY & NATURE W\LD 9VOLVE AN EXPLORATION ?AT OP5S ! FASC9AT+ DISCUSSION ( A NATURE PHILOSOPHY AS ! BASIS = A NEW E?ICS1 ( FEM9ISM AS ! BASIS = A NEW S5SIBILITY1 & ( ! COMMUNE AS ! NEW =M ( HUMAN 9T]ACTION & ! >5A = SELF-DEVELOPM5T4 ,! ECOLOGICAL PROJECT CONCEIV$ AS A PROJECT ( A RADICAL SOCIAL ECOLOGY W\LD !REBY PROVIDE ! BASES = A RI* CRITIQUE ( PREVAIL+ IDEOLOGIES -- B\RGEOIS & SOCIALI/ ALIKE -- ?AT W\LD TRANSC5D ! TRADITIONAL 0RADICAL0 CRITIQUES ( POLITICAL ECONOMY4 ,IT W\LD OP5 ! WAY = A DISCUSSION ( NEW =MS ( ORGANIZATION 7= EXAMPLE1 ! AFF9ITY GR\P71 NEW =MS ( /RUGGLE 7DIRECT ACTION1 CONCEIV$ AS ! PRAXIS ( SELF-MANAGEM5T1 NOT M]ELY ! OCCUPATION ( NUCLE> P[]-PLANT SITES71 NEW =MS ( CITIZ5%IP 7SELF-ACTIVITY1 VIEW$ AS =MS ( SELF- REALIZATION74 ,! ECOLOGICAL PROJECT1 SO CONCEIV$1 W\LD PROVIDE ! SOCIAL GYMNASIUM = %$D+ ! S5SE ( P[]LESSNESS ?AT ?REAT5S TO R$UCE ! PUBLIC SPH]E TO A BUREAUCRATIZ$ SUB/ITUTE = ALL =MS ( HUMAN CONSOCIATION4 ,CRITIQUE & PRACTICE W\LD ?US M]GE TO =M A COH]5T & CONSI/5TLY REVOLUTION>Y P]SPECTIVE4 ,?IS P]SPECTIVE W\LD OP5 A ?OR\*IALISM1 URBAN DECAY1 CORPORATE P[]1 HI]>*Y1 DOM9ATION1 POLLUTION1 TE*NOCRATIC MANIPULATION -- 9DE$1 A MULTITUDE ( ISSUES ?AT ACQUIRE MEAN+ & AU!NTICITY 9 ! LIIAN1 YES1 AN>*I/1 9T]PRETATION ( SOCIAL ECOLOGY4 ,MO/ PRECI\S ( ALL TO SU* A !ORI/ W\LD BE ! COH]5CE & REVOLUTION>Y CONSI/5CY ONE W\LD BE EXPECT$ TO ATTA9 AS A RESULT ( ! !ORETICAL & PRACTICAL POSSIBILITIES OP5$ BY A RADICAL SOCIAL ECOLOGY1 P>TICUL>LY ONE ?AT HAS A REVOLUTION>Y AN>*I/ FOCUS4 ,GIV5 !SE SWEEP+ IMPLICATIONS1 ,&RE ,GORZ'S ,ECOLOGY AS ,POLITICS TURNS \T TO BE A V]Y DISAPPO9T+ BOOK -- 9DE$1 A HIT FROM ! IDEAS ,GORZ PILF]S QUITE FREELY FROM ! WORKS ( AN>*I/ !ORI/S ( ! PA/ & ( ! ,AM]ICAN ,NEW ,LEFT1 ! BOOK CONTA9S V]Y LITTLE ?AT IS NEW OR 9T]E/+4 ,IT WAS TO BE HOP$ ?AT ,FR5* READ]S1 AT LEA/1 W\LD HAVE ACQUIR$ A FULL] KN[L$GE ( !SE IDEAS 9 !IR ORIG9AL =M1 ) EM5DATIONS & POSSIBLY NEW] 9T]PRETATIONS BY ,GORZ4 ,BUT ,GORZ IS CONT5T NOT ONLY TO REPEAT !M 7) M9IMAL OR NO ACKN[L$GM5T7 9 A CURSORY1 (T5 TATT]$ FA%ION4 ,HE DOES SUB/ANTIALLY WORSE3 HE DEBASES !M & DIVE/S !M ( !IR ROOTS1 ( !IR COH]5CE1 ( !IR 9T]NAL LOGIC & !IR REVOLUTION>Y ?RU/4 ,ECOLOGY AS ,POLITICS IS NOT ONLY AN 9TELLECTUAL PA/I*E ( IDEAS :OSE !ORETICAL P$IGREE IS UTT]LY ALI5 TO ?AT ( ,GORZ'S2 ! BOOK IS AN EXAMPLE ( BAD ECOLOGY AS WELL AS BAD POLITICS1 (T5 WRITT5 9 BAD FAI? ) RESPECT TO ! REAL TRADITIONS ON :I* ,GORZ LEANS4 ,:AT MAKES ,GORZ'S BOOK P>TICUL>LY DI/A/EFUL IS ITS ATTEMPT TO REFURBI% AN OR?ODOX ECONOMI/IC ,M>XISM ) A NEW ECOLOGICAL AN>*ISM4 ,ALMO/ EV]Y PAGE S\NDS A FALSE NOTE4 ,TO CRITICALLY REVIEW A VOLUME ( SOME #b PAGES ) ! DETAIL ?AT IT REQUIRES W\LD YIELD A WORK TWO OR ?REE TIMES ! SIZE ( ! ORIG9AL4 ,TO ILLU/RATE ! MAGNITUDE ( ?IS PROBLEM1 LET US CLOSELY EXAM9E ,GORZ'S 0,9TRODUCTION10 :I* PRESUMABLY PRES5TS ! !ORETICAL BASIS ( ! BOOK4 ,AL?\< ?IS 0,9TRODUCTION0 IS SC>CELY MORE ?AN SEV5 PR9T$ PAGES1 ! PIECE ACQUIRES P>TICUL> 9T]E/ :5 ONE LOOKS BEYOND ITS PRET5SION TO SWEEP & SCOPE4 ,:AT LIES UND] ! C>PET ( ,GORZ'S !ORETICAL POND]OSITY IS AN APPALL+ AM\NT ( 9TELLECTUAL CONFUSION -- & AN 9T]E/+ GLIMPSE ( ,GORZ'S ME?ODOLOGY1 NOTABLY ! SECT>IAN ,M>XIAN OR?ODOXY ?AT ALWAYS SUBV]TS ! AU?OR'S S5SE ( 0VISION0 & 0DISCOV]Y40 ,FROM ! \TSET1 ! 0,9TRODUCTION0 BEG9S TO CRUMBLE 9TO SEMANTIC CONFUSION4 ,ITS PURPOSE IS TO DI/+UI% 0,TWO ,K9DS ( ,ECOLOGY0 7?IS IS ! ACTUAL SUBTITLE ( ! 0,9TRODUCTION074 ,BUT AS IT ACTUALLY TURNS \T1 ,GORZ IS REALLY CONC]N$ ) TWO K9DS ( POLITICS4 ,TO ! ECOLOGI/ :O CAN USE A VIABLE POLITICS1 ?IS MIT1 = IT BECOMES APP>5T ?AT ,&RE ,GORZ KN[S V]Y LITTLE AB\T ECOLOGY1 OR1 MORE PRECISELY1 0ECOLOGICAL ?9K+0 AS HE PUTS IT4 ,!RE >E 9 FACT TWO DIFF]5T K9DS ( 0ECOLOGY0 -- NOTABLY1 ECOLOGY & 5VIRONM5TALISM -- BUT ,GORZ IS BASICALLY OBLIVI\S TO ! DIFF]5CE4 ,:5 ,GORZ SPEAKS ( 0,TWO ,K9DS ( ,ECOLOGY0 HE IS ACTUALLY TALK+ ( TWO K9DS ( POLITICS -- B\RGEOIS POLITICS & HIS [N4 ,?AT ECOLOGY HAS V]Y LITTLE TO DO ) ! DI/9CTION HE MEANS TO DEVELOP BECOMES EVID5T :51 SC>CELY A FEW L9ES 9TO ! 0,9TRODUCTION10 WE >E SOMB]LY ADVIS$ ?AT 0,ECOLOGICAL ?9K+ /ILL HAS MANY OPPON5TS 9 ! 7CORPORATE7 BO>D ROOMS1 BUT IT ALREADY HAS 5\< CONV]TS 9 ! RUL+ ELITE TO 5SURE ITS EV5TUAL ACCEPTANCE BY MAJOR 9/ITUTIONS ( MOD]N CAPITALISM40 7,MY EMPHASIS -- ,M4,B47 ,:ILE LOOSE =MULATIONS ( ?IS K9D MIS AGO1 !Y BECOME TOTALLY OBFUSCATORY TODAY4 ,TO DESCRIBE ! K9D ( 5VIRONM5TALI/IC ?9K+ ?AT GOES ON 9 CORPORATE 0BO>D ROOMS0 AS 0ECOLOGICAL0 IS TO SET BACK ! CLOCK ( ECOLOGICAL ?9K+ & ! ECOLOGICAL MOVEM5T HI/ORICALLY4 ,! ATTEMPT TO RESCUE ! T]M 0ECOLOGY0 FROM 0BO>D ROOMS0 & FROM WRIT]S LIKE ,GORZ HAS BE5 LONG 9 ! MAK+4 ,ECOLOGY1 P>TICUL>LY CONCEIV$ AS SOCIAL ECOLOGY1 CONTA9S V]Y RADICAL PHILOSOPHICAL & CULTURAL IMPLICATIONS4 ,!SE C5T] >\ND ! NON-HI]>*ICAL NATURE ( ECOSY/EMS & ! IMPORTANCE ( DIV]SITY AS A FUNCTION ( BIOTIC /ABILITY4 ,EXT5D$ TO SOCIETY1 !Y SUGGE/ ! NE$ = NON-HI]>*ICAL SOCIAL RELATIONS & A NON- HI]>*ICAL S5SIBILITY TO A*IEVE A TRULY H>MONI\S BALANCE ) NATURE & BETWE5 PEOPLE4 ,:AT ,GORZ MEANS BY 0ECOLOGICAL ?9K+0 9 ! 0BO>D ROOMS0 IS 9 FACT :AT %\LD PROP]LY BE CALL$ 05VIRONM5TALISM10 ! L>GELY TE*NOCRATIC /RATEGEMS = MANIPULAT+ NATURE4 ,TAK5 AS AN ACADEMIC DISCIPL9E1 05VIRONM5TALISM0 IS ESS5TIALLY AN 9/RUM5TAL BODY ( TE*NIQUES ?AT ! ,MASSA*USETTS ,9/ITUTE ( ,TE*NOLOGY ONCE TAUY 5G9E]+40 ,LIKE ,B>RY ,COMMON]1 :O CONSCI\SLY ES*EWS ! WORD 0ECOLOGY0 = 05VIRONM5TALISM10 ,GORZ IS M9DFUL ?AT HE IS ADVANC+ A POLITICS ?AT IS 5VIRONM5TALLY ORI5T$1 NOT AN ECOLOGICAL S5SIBILITY ?AT IS MEANT TO YIELD A POLITICAL ORI5TATION4 ,TO DI/+UI% ECOLOGY FROM 5VIRONM5TALISM & TO EXPLORE ! SOCIAL ?RU/ ( ECOLOGICAL ?9K+ AS DI/+UI%$ FROM ! M]ELY TE*NICAL /RATEGIES ( 5VIRONM5TAL ?9K+ W\LD ACTUALLY COMPEL ,GORZ TO CONFRONT ! S]I\S *ALL5GES A RADICAL SOCIAL ECOLOGY RAISES TO HIS [N MODE ( ?9K+ -- NOTABLY1 SOCIALI/ 0?9K+40 ,= ! REAL CONFLICT ?AT FACES ! ,LEFT SO F> AS SOCIETY & ! NATURAL WORLD IS CONC]N$ IS NOT BETWE5 A SPECI\S =M ( B\RGEOIS 0ECOLOGY0 & SOCIALI/ POLITICS BUT BETWE5 A LIB]T>IAN =M ( SOCIAL ECOLOGY & AN ECONOMI/IC1 TE*NOLOGICALLY ORI5T$ =M ( SOCIALISM -- 9 %ORT1 ,M>XISM4 ,& ?IS1 AS WE %ALL SEE1 IS NOT :AT ,&RE ,GORZ S]I\SLY 9T5DS TO DO4 ,ECOLOGY1 9 EFFECT1 IS R$UC$ TO 5VIRONM5TALISM ALL ! MORE TO SPURI\SLY FUZE ,M>XI/ 0?9K+0 ) ! ECOLOGICAL ISSUES ( \R TIME4 ,ACCORD+LY1 ,GORZ PROCE$S TO UND]P9 HIS [N 5VIRONM5TALI/ 0?9K+0 BY ASS]T+ ?AT CAPITALISM1 F> FROM BE+ FAC$ ) AN ECOLOGICAL IMPASSE ?AT CAN TE> D[N ! 5TIRE BIOSPH]E1 CAN ACTUALLY 0ASSIMILATE ECOLOGICAL NECESSITIES AS TE*NICAL CON/RA9TS & ADAPT ! CONDITIONS ( EXPLOITATION TO !M40 ,IRONICALLY1 ?IS =MULATION IS NOT ONLY 0SANIT>Y 5G9E]+0 ) A V5G5ANCE2 IS IS EV5 BAD ,M>XISM4 ,IF ANY S]I\S ECOLOGICAL CONCLUSION IS TO BE DRAWN FROM ,CAPITAL1 ,VOL4 ,I1 IT IS FROM ,M>X'S COMPELL+ DEMON/RATION ?AT ! V]Y LAW ( LIFE ( CAPITALI/ COMPETITION1 ( ! FULLY DEVELOP$ M>KET ECONOMY1 IS BAS$ ON ! MAXIM1 0GR[ OR DIE40 ,TRANSLAT$ 9TO ECOLOGICAL T]MS1 ?IS CLE>LY MEANS ?AT A FULLY DEVELOP$ M>KET ECONOMY MU/ UNREL5T+LY EXPLOIT NATURE TO A PO9T 7:I* EV5 ,M>X C\LD NOT =ESEE7 ?AT IS LIT]ALLY REGRESSIVE GEOLOGICALLY & BIOLOGICALLY4 ,CAPITALISM1 9 EFFECT1 IS NOT ONLY POLLUT+ ! WORLD ON A HI/ORICALLY UNPREC$5T$ SCALE2 IT IS SIMPLIFY+ ALL ! ECOSY/EMS ( ! PLANET1 TURN+ SOIL 9TO S&1 ! OCEANS 9TO LIFELESS SEW]S1 9DE$1 ?REAT5+ ! V]Y 9TEGRITY ( \R S\RCES ( ATMOSPH]IC OXYG54 ,IF ONE W]E TO FOLL[ ! LOGIC ( ?IS T5D5CY TO ITS V]Y 5D1 CAPITALI/ -- & HI]>*ICAL -- SOCIETY >E UTT]LY 9COMPATIBLE ) A VIABLE BIOSPH]E4 ,:AT LIMITS ! ECOLOGICAL VALIDITY ( ,M>X'S VIEW IS OBVI\SLY NOT HIS REVELATION ( CAPITALISM'S 0LAW ( LIFE0 BUT RA!R ! 0PROGRESSIVE0 ROLE HE IMP>TS TO CAPITALISM'S 0SUCCESS0 9 SUPPOS$LY A*IEV+ ! TE*NICAL DOM9ATION ( NATURE4 ,?IS ,JANUS-FAC$ ASPECT ( ,M>X'S WRIT+S IS :AT ?R[ !M 9TO CONFLICT ) AN AU!NTIC ECOLOGICAL S5SIBILITY4 ,GORZ1 BY CONTRA/1 SIDE-/EPS EXACTLY :AT WE MU/ LE>N 9 ! CONTRADICTORY POSITION ( ,M>X1 NAMELY1 ?AT ! V]Y TE*NICAL A*IEVEM5TS ( CAPITALISM1 F> FROM ASSIMILAT+ 0ECOLOGICAL NECESSITIES AS TE*NICAL RE/RA9TS10 >E GOV]N$ BY A 0LAW ( LIFE0 ?AT TE*NOLOGICALLY LACKS ANY =M ( 0RE/RA9T40 ,HAV+ TWI/$ HIMSELF 9TO A PRETZEL1 ,GORZ PROCE$S TO RAISE A HAMM]+ DEM&3 0,RE=M OR REVOLUTION80 ,%ALL WE HAVE 0ONE0 K9D ( 0ECOLOGY10 A RE=MI/ ONE ?AT RESOLVES \R DISEQUILIBRIUM ) NATURE BY MEANS ( TE*NOLOGY8 ,OR %ALL WE HAVE ANO!R K9D ( 0ECOLOGY0 ?AT RESOLVES \R DISEQUILIBRIUM ) NATURE BY MEANS ( REVOLUTION8 ,AS IT TURNS \T1 !SE FI]Y DEM&S >E M]E PABLUM4 ,IF ,GORZ IS CORRECT & CAPITALISM CAN ADAPT TO 0ECOLOGICAL NECESSITIES0 M]ELY BY DEVELOP+ POLLUTION-CONTROLL+ DEVICES 7& ?IS IS :AT ,GORZ MEANS BY 0TE*NICAL RE/RA9TS071 :Y NOT HAVE A S]IES ( NICE1 ORD]LY1 G5TEEL RE=MS 9/EAD ( A MESSY1 POSSIBLY BLOODLY REVOLUTION8 ,IT IS AT ?IS PO9T ?AT ! SEEM+LY 0SEMANTIC0 DI/9CTION BETWE5 ECOLOGY & 5VIRONM5TALISM ACQUIRES CONSID]ABLE SIGNIFICANCE4 ,IF1 AS ,I P]SONALLY SUSPECT1 ,B>RY ,COMMON] IS REALLY A CLOSET ,EURO-,COMMUNI/ :O1 AT HE>T1 IS COMMITT$ TO C5TRALIZ$ ECONOMIC PLANN+1 HE RIXIAN VIEWS4 ,BY REJECT+ HIS SOCIAL !ORIES AS ECOLOGICAL1 ,COMMON] QUITE CONSI/5TLY CAN RETA9 HIS REFURBI%$ ,M>XIAN VIEWS UND] ! SOCIALLY NEUTRAL T]M ( 05VIRONM5TALISM40 ,GORZ1 :E!R HE IS CLE>LY M9DFUL ( ! FACT OR NOT1 DOES PRECISELY ! SAME ?+4 ,& IT IS NOT :AT IS MO/ VIABLE 9 ,M>X'S WRIT+ ?AT ,GORZ *OOSES = ! !ORETICAL UND]P9N+S ( HIS VIEWS1 BUT :AT IS L>GELY MORIBUND OR1 AT LEA/1 MO/ QUE/IONABLE4 ,9 ,GORZ'S VIEW1 CAPITALISM ?REAT5S TO PRODUCE A PR(\ND SOCIAL CRISIS NOT AS A =M ( ECOLOGICAL DISEQUILIBRIUM & BREAKD[N BUT RA!R AS A =M ( ECONOMIC DISEQUILIBRIUM & BREAKD[N4 ,IF ONE IS TO TAKE ,GORZ'S 0,9TRODUCTION0 S]I\SLY1 ECOLOGY CAN BE REG>D$ SIMPLY AS AN EXAC]BAT+ FACTOR 9 A MU* L>G] ECONOMIC CRISIS ?AT FACES CAPITALISM4 ,IF ONE PE]S BEH9D ! RI* V]DURE ( ,GORZIAN 0ECOLOGY10 ONE F9DS ! MO/ DISMAL COBWEBS ( OR?ODOX ,M>XISM4 ,=1 :5 ALL IS SAID & DONE1 :AT ,GORZ REALLY >GUES 9 HIS 0,9TRODUCTION0 IS ?AT CAPITALISM1 BY 9TRODUC+ SU* 0TE*NICAL CON/RA9TS0 AS POLLUTION-CONTROLL+ DEVICES 9CREASES ! 0ORGANIC COMPOSITION ( CAPITAL10 ?AT IS TO SAY1 ! RATIO ( CON/ANT CAPITAL 7MA*9]Y & RAW MAT]IALS7 TO V>IABLE CAPITAL 7LABOR74 ,9ASMU* AS LABOR1 9 ,M>XIAN ECONOMIC !ORY1 IS ! S\RCE ( ALL VALUE & H5CE ( ALL PR(IT1 ?IS *ANG+ RATIO YIELDS ! HORR5D\S RESULT ?AT 0EI!R ! RATE ( PR(IT DECL9ES OR ! PRICE ( PRODUCTS 9CREASES40 ,H5CE 0PRICE WILL T5D TO RISE FA/] ?AN REAL WAGES1 PUR*AS+ P[] WILL BE R$UC$1 & IT WILL BE AS IF ! CO/ ( POLLUTION CONTROL HAD BE5 D$UCT$ FROM ! 9COME AVAILABLE TO 9DIVIDUALS = ! PUR*ASE ( CONSUM] GOODS40.<#h#b.> ,! SUSPICION ?AT ,GORZ IS CONC]N$ NOT ) ECOLOGY OR EV5 ) 5VIRONM5TALISM BUT ) POLITICS1 SPECIFICALLY ) ECONOMICS1 NOT ONLY EM]GES ) />K CL>ITY1 BUT EV5 HIS ECONOMICS TURNS \T TO BE HIE ! RESULT NOT PRIM>ILY ( OLIGOPOLI/IC OR MONOPOLI/IC MANIPULATIONS ( ! M>KET1 BUT ( DIM9I%+ PR(ITS DUE TO 9CREAS+ CAPITAL CO/S4 ,AS IT TURNS \T1 ?IS IS PRECISELY ! >GUM5T ?AT ! B\RGEOISIE ITSELF USES AGA9/ 5VIRONM5TAL CONTROLS4 ,= ,GORZ TO IGNORE ! PR(\ND /RUCTURAL *ANGES 9 MOD]N CAPITALISM SU* AS PRICEFIX+ 9 ORD] TO REHABILITATE ,M>X'S MO/ DUBI\S !ORIES 9 ! SO-CALL$ 0FREE M>KET0 ]A ( ! LA/ C5TURY REFLECTS POORLY NOT ONLY ON ,GORZ ! 5VIRONM5TALI/ BUT ON ,GORZ ! ECONOMI/4 ,! ESSAYS ?AT FOLL[ ! 0,9TRODUCTION0 9 N[AY R$EEM !SE CRUDITIES4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 AS WE %ALL NOTE1 !Y E*O ! MO/ PREPO/]\S %IBBOLE?S ( B\RGEOIS M$IA PROPAG&A4 ,9 ANY CASE1 TO TALK AB\T 0ECOLOGY0 :5 ONE ACTUALLY MEANS 5VIRONM5TALISM IS NO M]E WORD-PLAY4 ,IT MEANS ?AT ONE R$UCES ECOLOGY TO 5VIRONM5TALISM SO ?AT SOCIAL ECOLOGY CAN BE REPLAC$ BY SOME?+ ELSE -- 9 ,COMMON]'S CASE1 BY A CLOSET =M ( ,EURO-,COMMUNISM2 9 ,GORZ'S CASE1 BY A V]Y NAIVE =M ( ,M>XIAN SOCIALISM ?AT RE/S ON ECONOMIC R$UCTIONISM4 ,IT IS WOR? EMPHASIZ+ ?AT ,GORZ'S ECONOMIZATION ( ECOLOGY IS NOT A M]E EPISODE 9 HIS BOOK2 IT IS REALLY ITS UND]LY+ !ORETICAL BASIS & LEITMOTIF4 ,SCRAT* ,GORZ ! ECOLOGI/ & Y\ F9D ,GORZ ! 5VIRONM5TALI/4 ,SCRAT* ,GORZ ! 5VIRONM5TALI/ & Y\ F9D ,GORZ ! VULG> ,M>XI/4 ,SCRAT* ,GORZ ! VULG> ,M>XI/ & Y\ F9D ,GORZ ! RE=MI/4 ,TO A GREAT EXT5T1 ?IS SUMM>IZES ! BASIC CONT5T ( ! 5TIRE BOOK4 ,UNTIL ,GORZ CONCLUDES HIS 0,9TRODUCTION0 ) A SURVEY ( HIS 0UTOPIA10 ! REMA9+ PORTIONS ( ! PIECE >E L>GELY DECLAMATIONS ?AT HAVE BE5 /AT$ ) GREAT] CL>ITY & COH]5CE 9 O!R1 MORE ORIG9AL1 WORKS4 ,?AT LIMIT$ GR[? UND] CAPITALISM W\LD PRODUCE UNEMPLOYM5T & MIS]Y1 AS ,GORZ SOLEMNLY AV]S1 IS PA9FULLY OBVI\S4 ,EV5 ! B\RGEOISIE1 9 ITS D5UNCIATIONS ( ! 5VIRONM5TALI/ MOVEM5T1 HAS SAID AS MU*4 ,?AT C]TA9 GOODS 7SAY1 OCEAN L9]S1 CA/LES1 SKI SLOPES1 & SPACE %IPS -- ,GORZ1 9 FACT1 FOCUSES ON SU* TRIVIAL & DELECTABLE ITEMS AS ,M]C$ES ,B5ZS & SWIMM+ POOLS7 MU/ EI!R REMA9 SC>CE OR BE %>$ BY EV]YONE DUE TO NATURE'S CRUEL MAT]IAL LIMITS H>DLY REQUIRES EMPHASIS4 ,GORZ'S GR&IOSE E?IC -- 0,! ONLY ?+S WOR?Y ( EA* >E ?OSE :I* >E GOOD = ALL0 -- IS SO TRITE ?AT IT HAS ! E>M>KS ( A ,B5?AMITE PHILI/9E4 ,YES1 ,B5?AM WAS RIX FROM VIEW+ ,B5?AM AS A MORAL CRET94 ,GORZ'S CAPACITY TO DEBASE A SUBJECT TO ! LEVEL ( %E] ABSURDITY1 H[EV]1 F9DS ITS MO/ TELL+ EXPRESSION 9 ! CONCLUD+ PORTION ( ! 0,9TRODUCTION3 HIS ''UTOPIA40 ,& :AT1 PRAY1 IS ,GORZUTOPIA8 ,) BREA?LESS >DOR WE LE>N ?AT ,GORZUTOPIA WILL FOCUS ON ! 0PRODUCTION ( APP>5TLY 9DE/RUCTIBLE MAT]IAL0 7HOPEFULLY1 AN 09DE/RUCTIBLE0 ,M]C$ES ,B5Z1 IF NOT A SOLIDLY BUILT SWIMM+ POOL71 0COLLECTIVE DWELL+S0 & COLLECTIVELY US$ TRANSPORT1 LOTS ( BICYCLES1 0MAJOR 9DU/RIES1 C5TRALLY PLANN$10 ?AT >E MEANT TO MEET BASIC REQUIREM5TS ( PEOPLE )\T REG>D TO /YLES1 LOCAL 0PUBLIC WORK%OPS0 ?AT WILL BE WELL-EQUIPP$ ) TOOLS & MA*9ES = EV]Y 9DIVIDUAL TO USE1 & A SALAD ( O!R PROPOSALS ?AT >E PROMISCU\SLY DRAWN FROM ! G>D5S ( ,PET] ,KROPOTK91 ,PAUL ,GOODMAN1 & O!R AN>*I/ !ORI/S )\T ! SLIE NOT$ 9 T]MS ( ! BROAD] BODY ( IDEAS = :I* EA* ONE SPEAKS1 ! TRADITION ?AT EA* ONE REPRES5TS1 ! CONT9UITY ( !SE IDEAS 9TO REC5T AN>*I/ !ORIES & RECON/RUCTIVE PROPOSALS4 ,?AT WE >E SATURAT$ ) ,M>X GOES )\T SAY+1 EV5 IF ! BREW HAS BEGUN TO TURN S\R -- &1 ( C\RSE1 ) A G5]\S AM\NT ( ,GORZIAN ECLECTICISM4 ,IS ALL ( ?IS POSSIBLE 9 A M>KET ECONOMY1 CRIES ,GORZ8 0,NO60 HE RES\ND+LY REPLIES1 0= SU* A 'UTOPIA' CORRESPONDS TO ! MO/ ADVANC$1 NOT ! MO/ PRIMITIVE1 =M ( SOCIALISM 7ONE IS PRONE TO ASK :AT ,GORZ MEANS BY ?IS DELICI\S CONTRA/3 HIPPIE TRIBALISM OR ! 0PRIMITIVE0 AN>*I/ 0REBELS0 FROM :OM ,GORZ PILF]S MO/ ( HIS IDEAS = A UTOPIA -- ,M4,B47 -- TO A SOCIETY )\T BUREAUCRACY1 :]E ! M>KET WI!RS AWAY1 :]E !RE IS 5\< = EV]YONE1 :]E PEOPLE >E COLLECTIVELY & 9DIVIDUALLY FREE TO %APE !IR LIVES1 :]E PEOPLE PRODUCE ACCORD+ TO !IR FANTASIES1 NOT ONLY ACCORD+ TO !IR NE$S40 ,WE WILL LEAVE ?IS EXPLOSITION ( 0PRIMITIVE0 ,F\RI]ESQUE RHETORIC ASIDE & M]ELY NOTE1 = ! MOM5T1 ?AT ,GORZUTOPIA ACQUIRES ITS APPROPRIATE SEAL ( APPROVAL BY CLOS+ ) ! FOLL[+ QUOTATION3 09 %ORT1 A SOCIETY :]E '! FREE DEVELOPM5T ( EA* IS ! CONDITION = ! FREE DEVELOPM5T ( ALL0 7,K>L ,M>X1 ,! ,COMMUNI/ ,MANIFE/O1 #a#h#d#h740 7,MY EMPHASIS -- ,M4,B47 ,?US ! HALO ( ! ,MA/] IS PLAC$ OV] AN EFFLUVIUM ( 9TELLECTUAL G\LA% ?AT W\LD MAKE EV5 SO SCRUPUL\S A !ORI/ AS ! AU?OR ( ,! ,CRITIQUE ( ! ,GO?A ,PROGRAM1 A BRILLIANTLY UNREL5T+ PIECE ( CRITICISM1 DISCLAIM HIS ACOLYTE4 ,N[ ALL ( ?IS MAY BE SPICEY F>E = C]TA9 ,P>ISIAN GAU*I/ES & ! MORE NAIVE ADH]5TS ( ,COMMON]'S ,CITIZ5'S ,P>TY1 BUT IT IS UTT]LY TA/ELESS TO ANYONE :O IS EV5 M9IMALLY FAMILI> ) RADICAL SOCIAL ECOLOGY4 ,QUALITY PRODUCTION1 LIB]T>IAN COLLECTIVISM1 & O!R ,GORZUTOPIAN APPROPRIATIONS FROM 0PRIMITIVE0 SOCIALI/S & AN>*I/S ASIDE1 ONE IS /UNN$ BY ! P>ADOXES ?AT COEXI/ 9 ,GORZ'S 0VISION40 ,H[ 9 ! NAME ( 9TELLECTUAL COH]5CE CAN ,&RE ,GORZ DREAM ( A 0SOCIETY )\T BUREAUCRACY0 :OSE 0MAJOR 9DU/RIES0 7NO LESS67 >E 0C5TRALLY PLANN$08 ,NOTE WELL ?AT ,GORZ DOES NOT SPEAK SIMPLY ( PLANN+ OR EV5 COORD9ATION OR EV5 ( REGIONALISM -- BUT ( C5TRALIZATION4 ,WILL !SE 0MAJOR 9DU/RIES0 BE C5TRALIZ$ BY M9DLESS ROBOTS1 BY 0GOOD VIBES10 BY /ON$ HIPPIES OR WILL !Y BE C5TRALIZ$ BY AG5CIES 7READ3 BUREAUS7 :I* >E /AFF$ BY BUREAUCRATS8 ,H[ WILL ?IS PLANN+ & C5TRALIZATION BE EXECUT$ -- BY MUTUAL LOVE1 BY ! HI< MORAL PROBITY SO NOBLY EXHIBIT$ BY ! ,RUSSIAN ,BOL%EVIKS1 OR P]HAPS BY A H>% SY/EM ( OB$I5CE & COMM& :I* ,5GELS 9VOK$ 9 HIS 9SIDI\S ESSAY 0,ON ,AU?ORITY08 ,GORZ IS AT PA9S TO TELL US ?AT WE MU/ LE>N TO LIVE )\T ,M]C$ES ,B5ZS & SWIMM+ POOLS = EA* FAMILY1 BUT HE TELLS US VIRTUALLY NO?+ AB\T ! ADM9I/RATIVE /RUCTURES >\ND :I* HIS UTOPIA WILL BE ORGANIZ$4 ,IF ,GORZ'S EVOCATION ( A 0SOCIETY )\T BUREAUCRACY0 :OSE 0MAJOR 9DU/RIES 7>E7 C5TRALLY PLANN$0 SEEMS 9DIGE/IBLE1 HIS IMAGE ( A 0M>KET 7?AT7 WI!RS AWAY0 PRODUCES \TRITBURN4 ,ONE S5SES ?AT ! WI!R+ AWAY ( ! M>KET IS NOT F>-REMOV$ FROM SU* OM9\S =MULATIONS LIKE ! 0WI!R+ AWAY ( ! /ATE0 -- & SURE 5\<1 ,GORZ DOES NOT FAIL US3 ! =MULATION DOES APPE> 9 ! BOOK6 ,IF IT %\LD COME TO PASS ?AT 9 ,GORZUTOPIA ! 0M>KET WI!RS AWAY10 IT IS FAIR TO ASSUME ?AT ,GORZUTOPIA WILL AFT] ALL CONTA9 A M>KET FROM ITS V]Y 9CEPTION4 ,ONE CAN REASONABLY 9VOKE ,M>X'S SE>*+ ANALYSIS' ( ! EM]G5CE ( ! M>KET1 ITS IMMAN5T CAPACITY TO UND]M9E ALL =MS ( RECIPROCITY & MUTUALISM1 F9ALLY ITS TRIUMPH OV] EV]Y ASPECT ( ECONOMIC LIFE4 ,ONE DOES NOT HAVE TO BE A ,M>XI/ TO ACCEPT ! 5ORM\S CATALYTIC ROLE ,M>X IMPUTES TO ! VALUE & M>KET RELATION%IP1 ANY MORE ?AN ONE HAS TO REJECT AN>*ISM TO MOCK ,PR\DHON'S 0,PEOPLE'S ,BANK10 PATRI>*AL FAMILY RELATION%IPS1 & CONTRACTUAL !ORY ( SOCIAL RELATIONS4 ,IT WAS TO BE HOP$ ?AT IF ,GORZ PLANN$ TO \TL9E ! MO/ 0ADVANC$444 =M ( SOCIALISM10 HE W\LD NOT DO SO ) ! MO/ PRIMITIVE !ORETICAL EQUIPM5T4 ,SURELY1 HE W\LD KN[ -- WE HOP$ -- ?AT M>KETS 9 A TE*NOLOGICALLY 0ADVANC$0 SOCIETY1 BURD5$ BY A SAVAGE HI/ORICAL LEGACY ( RU?LESS PR(IT-SEEK+1 P>ASITIC EX*ANGE1 & CRUEL EGOISM1 W\LD MAKE ! WI!R+ AWAY ( ! M>KET AS PREPO/]\S AS ! WI!R+ AWAY ( ! /ATE4 ,ALL ( :I* RAISES ! REALLY FUNDAM5TAL ISSUES ( ,GORZ'S 0,9TRODUCTION03 IS ,GORZ ACTUALLY POS+ AN AU!NTIC *OICE BETWE5 RE=M & REVOLUTION8 ,OR MU/ ONE ALWAYS LOOK B5EA? ,GORZ'S RHETORIC & ASK ! EMB>RASS+ QUE/IONS ?AT FOLL[ FROM ! 9T]NAL LOGIC ( ,ECOLOGY AS ,POLITICS3 5VIRONM5TALISM OR ECOLOGY8 ,C5TRALIZATION OR DEC5TRALIZATION8 ,A M>KET ECONOMY OR RECIPROCITY & MUTUALISM8 ,/ATE OR SOCIETY 8 ,AN 9EXTRICABLE V>IANT ( ,M>XIAN OR?ODOXY OR A CONSI/5TLY LIB]T>IAN !ORY8 ,C5TRALIZ$ P[] OR DEC5TRALIZ$ COORD9ATION 8 ,!SE QUE/IONS & O!RS HAUNT ! 5TIRE BOOK ) !IR CONTRADICTORY ALT]NATIVES1 P$IGREE1 & 9T]NAL LOGIC4 ,NEI!R ,GORZ'S 9T5TIONS OR RHETORIC1 H[EV] WELL-MEAN+ !IR 9T5T1 CAN REMOVE ! 9TELLECTUAL CONFUSION !Y >E LIKELY TO FO/] 9 A READ+ PUBLIC ?AT IS ALREADY PLAGU$ BY MORE S9I/] PUBLICI/S ?AN AN ,&RE ,GORZ4 ,HAV+ TAK5 UP ! FIR/ SEV5 PAGES ( ,ECOLOGY AS ,POLITICS ) A MODE/ DEGREE ( C>E1 IT %\LD BE OBVI\S TO ! READ] ?AT IT W\LD BE IMPOSSIBLE TO BR+ ! SAME DEGREE ( DETAIL TO A CRITICAL ANALYSIS ( ! O!R ESSAYS4 ,I %ALL ?US CONF9E MYSELF TO ! MORE \T/&+ 0IDIOSYNCRACIES0 ?AT M> SO MU* ( ! BOOK4 ,YET = ALL MY SELECTIV5ESS1 ,I CANNOT HELP BUT NOTE ?AT ! V]Y FIR/ P>AGRAPH ( ! FIR/ *APT] IMM$IATELY 5SN>ES US 9 %E] NONS5SE4 ,?US1 ! *APT] OP5S ) ! RES\ND+ REM>K3 0,GR[?-ORI5T$ CAPITALISM IS DEAD02 SO TOO1 = ALL PRACTICAL PURPOSES1 IS 0GR[?-ORI5T$ SOCIALISM40 0,M>XISM1 AL?\< IRREPLACEABLE AS AN 9/RUM5T ( ANALYSIS1 HAS LO/ ITS PROPHETIC VALUE40 ,N[ ALL ( ?IS IS REALLY A M\?FUL -- & APP>5TLY IT TAKES V]Y LITTLE EF=T = ,GORZ TO UTT] IT4 ,UN=TUNATELY1 0GR[?- ORI5T$ CAPITALISM0 7HAS !RE EV]Y BE5 ANY O!R K9D 87 IS NOT DEAD AT ALL1 NOT EV5 METAPHORICALLY4 ,TO ! CONTR>Y1 IT IS ALIVE & KICK+4 ,IT IS NOT EV5 0DEAD0 9 ! ,M>XIAN S5SE ?AT IT HAS CEAS$ TO EX]CISE A 0GREAT CIVILIZ+ 9FLU5CE0 HI/ORICALLY 7TO USE ,M>X'S =MULATION 9 ! ,GRUNDRISSE71 A VIEW ?AT ,K>L ,POLANYI BRILLIANTLY *ALL5G$ DECADES AGO4 ,FUR!RMORE1 S9CE ,M>XISM 0AS AN 9/RUM5T ( ANALYSIS0 HAS NEV] ADVANC$ ANY !ORY ( SOCIALISM BUT ONE ?AT IS ALSO 0GR[?-ORI5T$0 7SEE ,CAPITAL1 ,VOL4 ,I,I,I1 ,! ,GRUNDRISSE1 & MANY SMALL] WORKS BY ,M>X71 WE 5C\NT] ANO!R ,GORZIAN P>ADOX3 EI!R ,M>XISM IS V]Y UNSATISFACTORY 0AS AN 9/RUM5T ( ANALYSIS0 OR ONE ( ITS MO/ IMPORTANT CONCLUSIONS -- ! HI/ORIC1 9DE$1 PROGRESSIVE ROLE ( GR[? & ! EXPANSION ( 0NE$S0 -- IS BASICALLY UNS\ND4 ,F9ALLY1 9 ALL FAIRNESS TO ,M>X1 ! ,MA/] NEV] ASSIGN$ A 0PROPHETIC VALUE0 TO HIS !ORIES4 ,9 FACT1 HE EXPLICITLY REJECT$ AS 0UTOPIAN0 ANY PROJECT = DESCRIB+ ! CONT\RS ( A FUTURE COMMUNI/ SOCIETY4 ,SO ,GORZ'S REM>KS BEG9 ) NONS5SE & !Y CONCLUDE ) NONS5SE4 ,AGA91 ! FALSE NOTE ?AT R+S 9 VIRTUALLY EV]Y PAGE ( ,GORZ'S BOOK IS S\ND$ AT ITS \TSET4 ,:AT ,GORZ REALLY SEEMS TO BELIEVE1 :5 ALL ! RHETORIC IS DISC>D$1 IS ?AT ,M>X'S 09/RUM5T ( ANALYSIS0 IS 0IRREPLACEABLE40 ,IT MAY BE WELL TO PAUSE & EXAM9E ?IS >GUM5T S9CE IT RE>S ITSELF 9 XISM AGA9/ ITS MO/ FALLACI\S !ORETICAL CONCLUSIONS4 ,! ,M>XIAN CORPUS LIES 9 AN UNCOV]$ GRAVE1 DI/5D$ BY GASES & FE/]+ ) MOLDS & WORMS4 ,ITS ONCE RI* SWEEP -- ! PROJECT ( A SCI5TIFIC SOCIALISM1 HI/ORICAL MAT]IALISM AS A BASE-SUP]/RUCTURE !ORY ( SOCIAL DEVELOPM5T1 ! CALL TO PROLET>IAN 9SURRECTION1 ! IDEAL ( A C5TRALIZ$ PLANN$ ECONOMY1 ! /RATEGY ( DEVELOP+ REVOLUTION>Y WORK]S' P>TIES 9 9DU/RIALLY ADVANC$ C\NTRIES ( ! WORLD -- ALL1 HAVE TURN$ 9TO A SICKLY1 FETID JELLY4 ,BUT LE/ WE FACE UP TO ! DECAY ( ! ,M>XIAN PROJECT & DRAW S]I\S LESSONS FROM ITS TRAGIC DE/9Y1 WE >E 9EVITABLY REM9D$ BY ,M>XI/ PUNDITS ?AT ! 09/RUM5T ( ANALYSIS0 SURVIVES1 9DE$1 IS 0IRREPLACEABLE40 ,M>XISM1 9 EFFECT1 IS A SUCCESS AS A ME?OD H[EV] MU* IT IS A FAILURE AS A !ORY4 ,:Y SU* AN 0IRREPLACEABLE0 ME?OD %\LD YIELD SU* IMPOV]I%$ RESULTS REMA9S 9EXPLICABLY UNCLE>4 ,9DE$1 ! CRUCIAL RELATION%IP BETWE5 ME?ODOLOGY & REALITY RAISES F>-REA*+ PHILOSOPHICAL QUE/IONS :I* CAN H>DLY BE DISCUSS$ AT ANY L5G? H]E4 ,IT IS DIFFICULT NOT TO NOTE ?AT ! DECL9E ( PHILOSOPHY ITSELF FROM AN 9T]PRETATION ( ! WORLD 9TO A M]E 0ME?OD0 ( 0ANALYSIS0 HAS BE5 ! SUBJECT ( BRILLIANT CRITIQUE BY ! !ORI/S ( ! ,FRANKFURT ,S*OOL1 NOTABLY ,MAX ,HORKHEIM] & ,!ODOR ,ADORNO4 ,ONE MAY JU/IFIABLY TURN ?IS CRITIQUE AGA9/ ,M>XISM ITSELF1 :I* HAS 9CREAS+LY BE5 TURN$ BY ITS ACOLYTES 9TO AN ANALYTICAL 9/RUM5TALI/ ME?ODOLOGY RA!R ?AN A !ORY ( ACTUAL SOCIAL *ANGE4 ,?AT ,HEGEL'S DIALECTIC1 TOO1 WAS R$UC$ BY ,M>X TO A 0ME?OD0 MAY V]Y WELL TELL US A GREAT DEAL AB\T ! 9/RUM5TAL DIM5SION ?AT VITIATES MU* ( ,M>X'S [N WORK1 BUT AT LEA/ HE CLO!D IT 9 A REALITY ?AT FOLL[$ 9TR9SICALLY FROM HIS USE ( ?AT 0ME?OD40 ,IF ,M>XISM1 TOO1 MU/ N[ BE R$UC$ TO A 0ME?OD0 -- ?AT IS1 A M]E TE*NIQUE ( ANALYSIS DEPRIV$ ( ITS SOCIAL SUB/ANCE OR ONTOLOGICAL CONT5T -- WE CAN FAIRLY ASK :AT ?IS TR5D MEANS = ! CORPUS ( ITS SOCIAL !ORY4 ,9 ANY CASE1 ?IS 9/RUM5TALI/ /RATEGY = EXORCIZ+ ,M>XISM'S LOGICAL !ORETICAL RESULTS HANGS LIKE A %AD[ OV] ! 5TIRE CORPUS1 A %AD[ :I* EV5 ! MO/ SKEPTICAL NEO- ,M>XI/S HAVE NOT DISPELL$4 ,! OR?ODOX ,M>XIAN SECTS1 ( C\RSE1 HAVE NO PROBLEMS :ATEV]4 ,! CORPUS IS NOT SE5 AS AN IRREP>ABLE FAILURE BUT M]ELY AS ! VICTIM ( A CONSPIRATORIAL 0BETRAYAL0 BY 0PETTY B\RGEOIS0 9TELLECTUALS OR1 TO BORR[ FROM ,L59'S RI* POLITICAL VOCABUL>LY1 BY 0SOCIAL PATRIOTS10 0TRAITORS10 & 0R5EGADES0 TO UNDO ! ME?OD1 ! !ORY1 OR BO?4 ,NEV]!LESS1 ! FETI%IZATION ( A 0LIV+ ,M>XISM0 AS A 0ME?OD0 P]SI/S -- RE9=C$ BY 9T5SE PE] PRESSURE AMONG RADICALS 9 ! ACADEMY1 A PE] PRESSURE ?AT MORALLY DEGRADES ITS VICTIMS AS WELL AS ITS HI< PRIE/S4 ,9DE$1 UTT]LY ALI5 !ORIES LIKE SYNDICALISM1 AN>*OCOMMUNISM1 & UTOPIAN SOCIALISM1 NOT TO SPEAK ( ,FREUDIANISM & /RUCTURALISM1 >E GRAFT$ ON TO ,M>XISM 9 A P]SI/5T RACE TO CAT* UP ) -- RA!R ?AN 0LEAD0 9 -- SU* EXOTIC ISSUES ( \R TIME AS ECOLOGY1 FEM9ISM1 & NEIKABLE 0ME?OD0 ?AT HAS SURVIV$ A C5TURY ( FAILURE1 0TREA*]Y10 & MISADV5TURE8 ,/AT$ QUITE BLUNTLY1 IT IS ,M>X'S ME?OD ( CLASS ANALYSIS -- A SOCIAL & HI/ORICAL /RATEGY = DET]M9+ ! CONFLICT+ MAT]IAL 9T]E/S ?AT HAVE 9CREAS+LY ASS]T$ HUMANITY'S 0DOM9ATION0 ( NATURE BY MEANS ( TE*NOLOGICAL GR[?1 EXP&+ NE$S1 & ! DOM9ATION ( HUMAN BY HUMAN4 ,TO ,M>X1 :AT MAKES ?IS ME?OD SO P[]FUL IS ?AT IT REMOVES ! 0IDEOLOGICAL0 CLOAK1 ! 0G5]AL PROCESS ( SOCIAL1 POLITICAL & 9TELLECTUAL LIFE0 7TO USE ,M>X'S [N =MULATIONS71 ?AT CONCEALS ! PRODUCTION RELATIONS :I* PEOPLE 5T] 9TO 09DEP5D5T ( !IR WILL10 ! TOTALITY ( :I* =M ! 0REAL F\NDATION ON :I* >ISES A LEGAL & POLITICAL SUP]/RUCTURE & TO :I* CORRESPOND DEF9ITE =MS ( SOCIAL CONSCI\SNESS40 70,PREFACE10 ,A ,CONTRIBUTION TO ! ,CRITIQUE ( ,POLITICAL ,ECONOMY7 ,:AT IS DECISIVE 9 ANY DISCUSSION ( ,M>X'S 0ME?OD0 -- AS DI/+UI%$ FROM ! ,M>XIAN CORPUS -- IS ,M>X'S MORE FUNDAM5TAL !ORY ( A SUP]/RUCTURE-BASE 9T]PRETATION ( SOCIETY4 ,)\T ?IS SUP]/RUCTURE-BASE !ORY1 ,M>X'S 0ME?OD0 -- HIS 0CLASS ANALYSIS0 -- IS SIMPLY MEAN+LESS4 ,9 %ORT1 ! 0ME?OD0 IS MEAN+FUL ONLY IF IT REVEALS ! MAT]IAL 9T]E/S ?AT UND]LIE 0SOCIAL CONSCI\SNESS10 ?AT IS1 ONLY IF SOCIAL CONSCI\SNESS IS SE5 AS ! D]IVATIVE1 H[EV] BROADLY & 9DIRECTLY1 ( PRODUCTION RELATIONS4 ,CULTURE1 SOCIAL 9/ITUTIONS1 FAMILY RELATIONS1 IDEOLOGIES1 & ! LIKE CAN ONLY BE CLE>LY ANALYZ$ IF !IR ULTIMATE ECONOMIC F\NDATIONS & MORE SPECIFICALLY1 ! MAT]IAL & CLASS 9T]E/S !Y S]VE1 >E REVEAL$4 ,H]E9 LIES ! P[] & PRACTICALITY ( ,M>X'S 0ME?OD40 ,AS IT TURNS \T1 ! MU*-MALIGN$ ,M>XI/ SECT>IANS1 H[EV] %RILL & REPELL5T !IR D5UNCIATIONS1 >E V]Y S\ND ,M>XI/S 9DE$4 ,MORE SO ?AN ! 0NEO-,M>XI/0 CRITICS 7& PRESUMABLY ,GORZ MAY BE 9CLUD$ AMONG ! LATT]71 !Y 9SI/ ON 0REVEAL+0 ! 0UND]LY+0 MAT]IAL OR CLASS 9T]E/S ?AT ECOLOGY1 FEM9ISM1 & O!R SU* 0IDEOLOGIES0 CONCEAL -- ! REAL 0BASE0 :I* ,M>X'S 0ME?OD0 DISCLOSES4 ,ONE CANNOT ACCEPT ! 0ME?OD0 )\T ACCEPT+ ! SUP]/RUCTURE-BASE !ORY ?AT UND]P9S IT4 ,GORZ'S REAL DILEMMA H]E IS ?AT HE WANTS TO HAVE HIS CAKE & EAT IT4 ,M>X'S SUP]/RUCTURE-BASE !ORY HAS BE5 ! T>GET ( SU* P[]FUL CRITICAL ANALYZES1 BE IT AT ! H&S ( ,MAX ,WEB] 9 ! E>LY P>T ( ! C5TURY OR ! ,FRANKFURT ,S*OOL 9 MORE REC5T DECADES1 ?AT ITS VALIDITY IS COMPLETELY 9 QUE/ION4 ,MORE CURR5TLY1 EV5 SU* 0SUP]/RUCTURAL0 PH5OM5A AS ! ,/ATE HAVE BE5 DESIGNAT$ AS 0TE*NOLOGIES0 SO ?AT ! CONCEPTS ( 0SUP]/RUCTURE0 & 0BASE0 HAVE BECOME TOO 9T]*ANGEABLE TO BE DI/+UI%ABLE4 ,ASIDE FROM ! FACT ?AT MOD]N SOCIETY IS CLE>LY A CAPITALI/IC ONE -- & WE CAN REASONABLY ADD ! 0SOCIALI/0 WORLD TO ?IS CATEGORY -- ! CLASS ANALYSIS DEVELOP$ BY ,M>X = ! MOD]N WORLD HANGS BY A ?READ4 ,D\BTLESS1 ,GORZ W\LD SC>CELY WANT TO REMOVE HIMSELF FROM ! *>M$ CIRCLE ( SU* SUP]B SOCIAL CRITICS AS ,WEB] & ! ,9/ITUTE = ,SOCIAL ,RESE>*1 BUT NEI!R CAN HE RETA9 HIS PRE/IGE AS AN AU!NTIC ,P>ISIAN GAU*I/E )\T ! APPROPRIATE G5UFLECTIONS TO ,M>X4 ,?AT NEI!R ! 0NEO-,M>XI/S0 OR ,GORZ HAVE C>RI$ !IR ANALYZES ( ,M>X'S 0ME?OD0 D[N TO ITS R$UCTIONI/ ROOTS AS A SUP]/RUCTURE-BASE !ORY HAS DONE NO?+ TO REMOVE ! PE] PRESSURE ?AT SURR\NDS ! 5TIRE ISSUE ( ,M>XISM AS A :OLE4 ,?AT A 0ME?OD0 :I* HANGS 9 ! AIR )\T ANY ONTOLOGICAL CONT5T1 SOCIAL REALITY1 & 9TELLECTUAL VALIDITY IS LITTLE MORE ?AN RANK 9/RUM5TALISM1 WILL H>DLY P]SUADE ! 0NEO-,M>XI/S0 TO APPLY !IR [N CRITIQUE ( B\RGEOIS 9/RUM5TALISM TO ,M>X'S4.<#h#c.> ,GORZ'S ,ECOLOGY AS ,POLITICS ?US 9CORPORATES PROBLEMS ?AT >E NOT EV5 EVID5T TO ITS [N AU?OR4 ,NOT ONLY IS ECOLOGY CONFUS$ ) 5VIRONM5TALISM1 REVOLUTION ) RE=MISM1 C5TRALIZATION ) DEC5TRALIZATION1 A 0WI!R+ AWAY ( ! M>KET0 ) A HORTATORY D5UNCIATION ( M>KET SOCIETY 7,I LEAVE ASIDE ,GORZ'S ABILITY TO ACCEPT A 0WI!R+ AWAY ( ! /ATE071 BUT A RESOLUTE REJECTION ( ,M>XISM IS COMPLETELY TA9T$ BY A TACIT ACCEPTANCE ( ITS !ORETICAL CORE -- ! SUP]/RUCTURE-BASE !ORY ( SOCIETY4 ,HAD ,GORZ CONF9$ HIS BOOK TO A M]E J\RNALI/IC ACC\NT ( ! ECOLOGICAL CRISIS1 IT MID$ AS NAIVE BUT WELL- MEAN+4 ,BUT S9CE ,ECOLOGY AS ,POLITICS 5GAGES 9 !ORETICAL 0SUMMITRY0 AS WELL AS NEWSY *IT-*AT1 IT BECOMES LAUGELY J\RNALI/IC4 ,UN=TUNATELY1 AS ONE MIELY DOES HE ADVANCE HIS VIEWS 9 A =?RID+ EA* ESSAY OR 0*APT]0 AS A /EP 9 HIS DEVELOPM5T FROM ,M>XIAN OR?ODOXY T[>D A HYBRIDIZ$ V]SION ( LIB]T>IAN ECOLOGY4 ,BUT AS ,HEGEL CAU/ICALLY OBS]V$ ( ,S*ELL+3 :Y MU/ HE CONDUCT HIS $UCATION 9 PUBLIC8 ,= :AT WE WITNESS IS NOT H[ ,GORZ >RIVES AT A CLE> LIB]T>IAN \TLOOK 7ONE HE HAS YET TO A*IEVE EV5 9 HIS LATE/ BOOK1 ,ADIEU AU ,PROLET>IAT7 BUT H[ PA9FUL SU* AN ORDEAL MU/ BE -- NOT ONLY TO ! AU?OR BUT TO HIS UTT]LY CONFUS$ READ]S4 ,?AT ,GORZ SEEMS TO DISLIKE CAPITALISM IS ! ONLY C]TA9TY ) :I* WE CAN FUNCTION4 ,= ! RE/1 ALMO/ EV]Y?+ ?AT FOLL[S ! 0,9TRODUCTION0 IS MI/Y OR SIMPLY MUDDL$4 ,A FEW EXAMPLES %\LD ILLU/RATE :AT ,I MEAN3 ,ITEM3 0,IT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO D]IVE AN E?IC FROM ECOLOGY40 7PG4 #a#f7 ,FACT3 ,P]HAPS NO FIELD !SE DAYS HOLDS MORE PROMISE ( AN E?ICS ?AN ECOLOGY1 AS ,HANS ,JONAS & O!R SE>*+ ?9K]S HAVE SUGGE/$4 ,GORZ1 H]E1 SIMPLY DOESN'T KN[ :AT HE IS TALK+ AB\T IF ONLY BECAUSE ! PROBLEM ( A NATURE PHILOSOPHY IS BEYOND HIS COMPET5CE4 ,ITEM3 ,WE MU/ BEW>E ( 0C5TRALIZ$ 9/ITUTIONS & H>D TE*NOLOGIES 7?IS IS ! TE*N(ASCI/ OPTION1 ! PA? ALONG :I* WE >E ALREADY HALFWAY 5GAG$70 7PG4 #a#g7 ,FACT3 ,BUT ONLY A FEW PAGES E>LI] 7PG4 #i71 ,GORZ HAS TOLD US ?AT \R 0MAJOR 9DU/RIES0 MU/ BE 0C5TRALLY PLANN$40 ,:AT >E \R 0MAJOR 9DU/RIES0 IF NOT 0H>D TE*NOLOGIES0 & H[ CAN !Y BE 0C5TRALLY PLANN$0 )\T 0C5TRALIZ$ 9/ITUTIONS08 ,ITEM3 0,! TOTAL DOM9ATION ( NATURE 9EVITABLY 5TAILS A DOM9ATION ( PEOPLE BY ! TE*NIQUES ( DOM9ATION0 7PG4 #b74 ,FACT3 ,?AT ,GORZ HAS SIMPLY PILF]$ ?IS S5T5CE ) CURI\S MODIFICATIONS FROM REC5T ,AM]ICAN AN>*I/ WRIT+S H>DLY REQUIRES DISCUSSION4 ,:AT IS 9T]E/+ IS ?AT1 EV5 :5 HE USES IT1 HE DOES SO ]RONE\SLY4 ,HUMANITY CAN NEV] A*IEVE ! 0TOTAL DOM9ATION ( NATURE0 IF ONLY BECAUSE IT IS P>T ( NATURE -- NOT PHYSICALLY ABOVE IT OR BEYOND IT4 ,= HUMANITY TO A*IEVE ! 0TOTAL 7NO LESS -- ,M4 ,B47 DOM9ATION ( NATURE0 W\LD BE EQUIVAL5T TO LIFT+ ONESELF UP BY ONE'S BOOT/RAPS- -- A NICE METAPHOR1 P]HAPS1 BUT A GRAVITATIONAL IMPOSSIBILITY4 ,:AT ,GORZ APP>5TLY MEANS TO SAY 7AS ,I HAVE SOME FIFTE5 YE>S AGO7 IS ?AT ! NOTION ( DOM9AT+ NATURE D]IVES FROM ! DOM9ATION ( HUMAN BY HUMAN -- A =MULATION ?AT REV]SES ! ,M>XIAN ONE ?AT ! DOM9ATION ( MAN BY MAN /EMS FROM ! NE$ TO DOM9ATE NATURE4 ,?IS IS A CRUCIAL RE=MULATION ?AT REQUIRES CONSID]ABLE DISCUSSION4 ,GORZ CONFUSES ! NOTION ) AN ILLUSORY REALITY4 ,:AT ! NOTION HAS 9 FACT PRODUC$ IS ! 9CREAS+ SIMPLI- CATION ( NATURE1 ! 9CREAS+ R$UCTION ( ! ORGANIC TO ! 9ORGANIC -- A CRISIS ?AT MAY WELL R5D] ! PLANET 9SUPPORTABLE = A COMPLEX SPECIES LIKE HUMAN BE+S4 ,ITEM3 0,ALL PRODUCTION IS ALSO DE/RUCTION0 7PG4 #b74 ,FACT3 0,ALL DE/RUCTION IS ALSO CREATION0 7,MIKHAIL ,BAKUN974 ,OR = ?AT MATT]1 ,HEGEL4 ,ITEM3 0,M>X DEMON/RAT$ ?AT1 SOON] OR LAT]1 ! AV]AGE RATE ( PR(IT MU/ DECL9E4440 7PG4 #b#b7 ,FACT3 ,UTT]LY FALSE6 ,M>X LEAVES ?IS QUE/ION COMPLETELY OP5 -- &1 IF ANY?+1 HE SPEAKS ( A 0T5D5CY10 NOT A C]TA9TY4 ,GORZ %\LD AT LEA/ CONSULT ,MAURICE ,DOBBS'S ESSAYS ON ! SUBJECT & ! DISPUTES ?AT SURR\ND IT BE=E HE PLUNGES 9TO >EAS 9 :I* HE PAT5TLY HAS LIMIT$ KN[L$GE444 ,ITEM3 ,:5 AIR1 WAT]1 & URBAN 767 L& BECOME SC>CE 7PG4 #b#e7444 ! EXHAU/ION ( ! MO/ ACCESSIBLE M9]AL DEPOSITS 7PG4 #b#e7444 ! OB/ACLES TO GR[? HAVE BECOME SUB/ANTIVE ONES 7PG4 #b#g7444 ! 9CREAS+ SC>CITY ( NATURAL RES\RCES 7PG4 #b#g74440 ETC4 AD NAUSEUM4 ,9 %ORT1 ,GORZ HAS B\E PROBABLY SOME SIX TRILLION B>RELS ( OIL 9 ! GR\ND TODAY & EV5 ! MO/ EXTRAVAGANT E/IMATES ( PETROLEUM RES]VES HAVE PROV5 HI/ORICALLY TO BE UND]E/IMATIONS4 ,ACTUALLY1 NOT ALL ( ?IS GEOLOGICAL L>GESSE IS ACCESSIBLE TO US1 NOR IS IT LIKELY TO BE HI/ORICALLY4 ,:AT IS F> MORE SIGNIFICANT = ?IS P]IOD & POSSIBLY = ! NEXT TWO G5]ATIONS >E NOT ! 0SUB/ANTIVE0 LIMITS TO CAPITALISM BUT ! /RUCTURAL ONES4 ,AS ,PET] ,ODELL1 5]GY CONSULTANT TO ! ,BRITI% GOV]NM5T OBS]VES3 0,! SO-CALL$ G5]ALLY ACCEPT$ OIL %ORTAGE' IS ! \TCOME ( COMM]CIALLY ORI5T$ 9T]E/S RA!R ?AN A /ATEM5T ( ! ESS5TIAL REALITIES ( ! OIL RES\RCES ( ! WORLD40 ,?AT ! 0BONANZA0 OIL FIELD LIKE ! ,TEXAS & ,OKLAHOMA ONES ( ! #a#i#bS & ! ,NE> ,EA/]N ONES ( ! #a#i#fS >E LIMIT$ MAY WELL BE TRUE AS ?+S N[ /&1 BUT A MASS ( MAT]IAL CAN BE ADDUC$ TO DEMON/RATE ?AT CURR5T 5]GY & M9]AL %ORTAGES >E ! RESULT ( OLIGOPOLI/IC M>KET MANIPULATION & CONTROLL$ PETROLEUM PRODUCTION = PRICE ADVANTAGES4 ,9DE$1 IF WE W]E TO BELIEVE ! 0(FICIAL0 E/IMATES ( V>I\S GOV]NM5TAL AG5CIES 7BAS$ ALMO/ 5TIRELY ON OIL COMPANY REPORTS71 WE %\LD HAVE EXHAU/$ \R OIL RES]VES 9 #a#i#b#e1 #a#i#e1 & N[1 #a#i#h-#i4 ,!RE IS NO S]I\S EVID5CE ?AT ! LATE/ E/IMATES >E AU!NTIC OR BAS$ ON REAL FACTS O!R ?AN ?OSE :I* ! 5]GY 9DU/RY WANTS US TO BELIEVE4 ,= EXAMPLE1 ! ,OIL & ,GAS ,J\RNAL PLAC$ ! WORLD'S 0PROV5 RES]VES0 \TSIDE ( ! SO-CALL$ 0SOCIALI/ WORLD0 AT #gb BILLION B>RELS4 ,REC5T EVID5CE N[ REVEALS ?AT SOME #bc BILLION B>RELS ( OIL DISCOV]$ PRIOR TO #aie SOMEH[ FAIL$ TO APPE> 9 ! #aie E/IMATE4 ,?IS GAME HAS GONE ON REPEAT$LY & SEEMS TO F9D NO E*O 9 ,GORZ'S BOOK4 ,MU* ! SAME IS TRUE ( METALS & M9]ALS4 ,E/IMATES ( DECL9+ LEAD1 Z9C1 BAUXITE1 COBALT1 MANGANESE1 *ROME1 & SIMIL> RES\RCES HAVE FLOOD$ ! PRESS1 BUT MU* ( ! DATA IS SPECI\S AT BE/ & DELIB]ATELY MISLEAD+ AT WOR/4 ,TRADITIONAL M9+ OP]ATIONS >E L>GELY PRIVATELY WORK$ & FE>S ( %ORTAGES S]VE ! 9T]E/S ( PRICE-FIX+ OP]ATIONS1 NOT TO SPEAK ( CRASSLY IMP]IALI/IC POLICIES4 ,EV5 SOME ( ! MO/ GRIM PR$ICTIONS ( ! ,BROOK+S ,9/ITUTION'S ,JOHN ,TITLON >E T+$ ) IRONY4 ,IF ! READ] F9DS HIS PR$ICTIONS ''DISCONC]T+10 ,TITLON NOTES1 MANY IMPORTANT M9]AL RES\RCES >E 9CREAS+ AT AN EV5 FA/] RATE ?AN !Y >E BE+ DEPLET$ & AN ACCEPTABLE SUB/ITUTE CAN BE F\ND = VIRTUALLY EV]Y DIM9I%+ M9]AL 9 USE TODAY4 ,:I* IS NOT TO SAY ?AT CAPITALISM CAN PLUND] ! WORLD =EV]4 ,BUT ! GREATE/ DANG] !SE PRACTICES RAISE IS NOT DEPLETION BUT SIMPLIFICATION & ! LIMITS TO CAPITALI/ EXPANSION >E ECOLOGICAL1 NOT GEOLOGICAL4 ,ONE CAN GO ON 9DEF9ITELY COMP>+ & CONTRA/+ ,GORZ'S REM>KS 9 ONE P>T ( ! BOOK ) CONTR>Y ONES 9 ANO!R P>T4 ,! FACT IS ?AT ,GORZ SIMPLY DOES NOT KN[ H[ TO DEAL ) ! MEAN+ ( ! WORD 0SC>CITY40 ,?AT 0SC>CITY0 IS A SOCIAL PROBLEM1 NOT M]ELY A 0NATURAL0 ONE1 IS SOME?+ HE HAS LE>N$ FROM ,M>X4 ,BUT H[ 0NATURAL0 IT IS & H[ 0SOCIAL0 IT IS CONFUSES HIM COMPLETELY -- AS IT HAS ! ECOLOGY MOVEM5T G5]ALLY4 ,TO CLE>LY EXPLORE !SE DI/9CTIONS & !IR DIALECTIC W\LD HAVE BE5 ! MO/ IMPORTANT S]VICE ,GORZ C\LD HAVE P]=M$ 9 ! 5TIRE BOOK4 ,9/EAD1 ,GORZ ! ,M>XI/ DISSOLVES ALMO/ COMPLETELY AT TIMES 9TO ! CRUDE/ 5VIRONM5TALI/4 ,ACCORD+LY1 ! ,CLUB ( ,ROME'S NOTORI\S REPORT 7,I REF] TO ! ,MEAD[S'S V]SION71 ,! ,LIMITS TO ,GR[?1 E>NS ,GORZ S ADMIRATION AS A DOCUM5T ?AT 0BR\E UNRELIABLE1 ! FUNDAM5TAL TRU? ( ITS !SIS REMA9S UN*ANG$40 7PG4 #h#d7 ,HAV+ SP5T YE>S 9 ! RADICAL ECOLOGY MOVEM5T1 ,I'M NOT AT ALL C]TA9 :AT 0MILL0 ,GORZ IS TALK+ AB\T OR H[ ANTI-CAPITALI/ ! 0CONSEQU5CES0 ( ! REPORT MAY BE4 ,ACTUALLY1 ,GORZ W\LD NOT BE ,GORZ IF HE DID NOT TRY TO QUALIFY SU* UTT]LY ABSURD REM>KS4 ,SO WE !N LE>N LAT] ?AT ! REPORT IS ALSO DESIGN$ TO RESCUE CAPITALISM4 0,:5 ! ,MEAD[S REPORT LOOKS =W>D TO TRIPL+ WORLDWIDE 9DU/RIAL PRODUCTION :ILE RECOMM5D+ Z]O GR[? 9 9DU/RIAL C\NTRIES1 DOESN'T IT IMPLY ?IS NEO-IMP]IALI/ VISION ( ! FUTURE80 7PG4 #h#e7 -- NOTABLY1 A MAXIMUM EXPLOITATION ( ,?IRD ,WORLD RES\RCES4 0,AM]ICANS WILL BECOME A NATION ( BANK]S1 BUSY RECIRCULAT+ !IR PR(ITS LEVI$ ON ! WORK ( O!RS0 7PG4 #h#e74 ,?AT ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 9 FACT1 IS N[ UND]GO+ A MASSIVE1 9DE$1 HI/ORIC 9DU/RIAL REVOLUTION ( ITS [N 9 CONC]T ) ,WE/]N ,EUROPE & ,JAPAN IS AN IMM5SELY IMPORTANT REALITY ?AT H>DLY CROSSES ,GORZ'S 9TELLECTUAL HORIZON4 ,! MAN IS /ILL ON ! LEVEL ( ,L59'S ,IMP]IALISM1 A WORK LONG-\TDAT$ BY F>-REA*+ /RUCTURAL *ANGES 9 ! 9DU/RIALLY ADVANC$ C\NTRIES ( ! WORLD4 ,HIS ,M>X1 9 TURN1 IS A S\RCE PRIM>ILY ( ! MO/ %ALL[ !ORIES ( OV]ACCUMULATION & CLASSICAL B\RGEOIS !ORIES ( ECONOMIC CRISES4 ,?US ! MAXIM1 0,GR[ OR DIE10 F9ALLY SURFACES WELL ON 9 ! BOOK 7PAGE #b#b7 BUT NOT TO EXPLORE ITS ECOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS2 RA!R1 ,GORZ USES IT TO %ORE UP HIS EMPHASIS ON ! 0DECL9E 9 ! RATE ( PR(IT10 :I* HE N[ DEALS ) NOT AS A 0T5D5CY0 BUT AS A FACT4 ,9 %ORT1 A SOCIAL !ORY ( SC>CITY IS SO CRUDELY 9T]LOCK$ ) A GEOLOGICAL ONE ?AT IT IS H>D TO DET]M9E IF ,GORZ HAS AB&ON$ SOCIAL !ORY = ECONOMICS1 ECONOMICS = BIOLOGY1 OR BIOLOGY = GEOLOGY4 ,ACCORD+LY1 ! V]Y MAN :O HAS TOLD US ON ! OP5+ PAGE ( HIS 0,9TRODUCTION0 ?AT 0ECOLOGICAL ?9K+444 HAS 5\< CONV]TS 9 ! RUL+ ELITE TO 5SURE ITS EV5TUAL ACCEPTANCE BY ! MAJOR 9/ITUTIONS ( MOD]N CAPITALISM0 7PG4 #c7 HAS NO DIFFICULTY 9 EMPHASIZ+ 7FIFTE5 PAGES LAT]7 ?AT 0! ECOLOGICAL P]SPECTIVE IS 9COMPATIBLE ) ! RATIONALITY ( CAPITALISM0 7PG4 #a#h74 ,GORZ LIT]ALLY DROPS !SE CONTRADICTIONS ALL OV] ! PLACE -- )9 HIS ESSAYS1 BETWE5 !M1 OR QUITE PROMISCU\SLY1 AMONG !M4 ,GORZUTOPIAS & !SES AB\ND 9 ONE =M OR ANO!R ALL OV] ! PLACE4 ,9 0ONE ( SEV]AL POSSIBLE UTOPIAS10 ,GORZ PRES5TS A SC5>IO ( H[ ,GORZUTOPIA 7V]SION TWO7 MI4 ,:AT WE LE>N IS 0?AT A NUMB] ( FACTORIES & 5T]PRISES HAD BE5 TAK5 OV] BY ! WORK]S40 ,IS ?IS ,P>IS1 #a#h#g#a8 ,B>CELONA1 #a#i#c#f8 ,BUDAPE/1 #a#i#e#f8 ,P>IS1 AGA91 #a#i#f#h8 ,!SE >E NOT IDLE QUE/IONS IF ONE WI%ES1 EV5 LIS BE5 OCCUPY+ AB&ON$ PLANTS 2 EMPTY BUILD+S444 TRANS=M$ 9TO COMMUNES02 S*OOLS1 BY /UD5TS & !IR TEA*]S -- & EV]Y:]E1 0HYDROPONIC G>D5S0 7,GORZ1 9CID5TALLY1 C\LDN'T HAVE MADE A WORSE *OICE H]E = ECOLOGICAL G>D5+71 0FACILITIES = RAIS+ FI%1 9/ALLATIONS = 0WOODWORK+1 METAL-WORK+1 & O!R CRAFTS4440 ,WE MU/ ASSUME ON \R [N ?AT ! ,C,R,S HAS DECID$ TO OCCUPY ITS B>RACKS1 ! ,P>ISIAN 0FLICKS0 !IR POLICE HEADQU>T]S1 & ! ,FR5* ,>MY ITS LONG-LO/ =TS 9 ,ALG]IA1 MU* TO ! DELI ON EV5+ TELEVISION4 ,MASS M$IA SCORES ANO!R TRIUMPH6 ,TOGE!R1 ! TWO M5 GIVE ! ,FR5* PEOPLE A HEAVY DOSE ( ,GORZUTOPIA :I* HAPPILY MIXES ! FANCIES ( ,FRITZ ,S*UMA*] & ,IVAN ,ILLI* TOGE!R ) ,&RE ,GORZ & ,K>L ,M>X4 ,! 0GOV]NM5T10 WE >E TOLD1 HAS 0DEVELOP$ A PROGRAM = AN ALT]NATIVE PATT]N ( GR[?1 BAS$ ON AN ALT]NATIVE ECONOMY & ALT]NATIVE 9/ITUTIONS40 ,FR5*M5 & ,FR5*WOM5 WILL 0WORK LESS10 0MORE EFFECTIVELY1 & 9 0NEW WAYS40 ,EV]YONE WILL1 0AS A MATT] ( RINS1 & 0! DOM9ANT FIRMS 9 EA* SECTOR0 WILL BECOME 0! PROP]TY ( SOCIETY40 0,WE MU/ RE-9TEGRATE CULTURE 9TO ! EV]YDAY LIFE ( ALL40 ,! ,PRESID5TIAL ADDRESS TO ! NATION RUNS ?R\< SU* DELIIO1 ,GROZ FOCUSES ON ! ,PRIME ,M9I/]1 :O RAPIDLY LI/S 0TW5TY-N9E 5T]PRISES & CORPORATIONS0 ?AT WILL BE 0SOCIALIZ$0 BY ! 0,NATIONAL ,ASSEMBLY40 ,WORK]S WILL BE 0FREE TO HOLD G5]AL ASSEMBLIES0 ?AT WILL ESS5TIALLY TAKE OV] PRODUCTION & WORK ITSELF WILL BE CONF9$ TO ! AFT]NOON SO ?AT ! PROLET>IAT CAN BE FREE TO MAKE ITS DECISIONS 9 ! MORN+ -- ALT]NAT+ H\RS1 R$ESIGN+ ! GOODS ?AT BEFIT ,GORZUTOPIA1 & SETT+ SUITABLE SAL>IES4 ,SOMEH[ 0,MONEY ITSELF WILL NO LONG] CONF] ANY RIES ! ,PRIME ,M9I/] -- BUT APP>5TLY IT WILL CONT9UE TO EXI/1 TOGE!R ) PRICES1 M>KETS1 & LUXURIES1 :I*1 PRESUMABLY BY GOV]NM5TAL $ICT1 WILL BEG9 TO WI!R AWAY TOGE!R ) ! ,/ATE4 ,BUT BE=E ! ,/ATE TOTALLY DISAPPE>S1 ,GORZ CANNOT D5Y HIMSELF ONE DELICI\S ACT ( CO]CION3 0,AFT] COMPLET+ COMPULSORY $UCATION1 ! ,PRIME ,M9I/] W5T ON1 EA* 9DIVIDUAL W\LD BE REQUIR$ TO PUT 9 TW5TY H\RS ( WORK EA* WEEK 7= :I* HE OR %E W\LD E>N A FULL SAL>Y71 9 ADDITION TO CONT9U+ :ATEV] /UDIES HE OR %E DESIR$40 7,MY EMPHASIS -- ,M4,B47 ,?IS IS NO 0SC5>IO02 IT IS A *ILDI% 0LIB]T>IAN0 ,DISNEYL& 9 :I* ,GORZ P]MITS HIS READ]S TO 9DULGE 9 SOCIAL SPECTACLES ON A C>TOON LEVEL4 ,! BOOK ITSELF C\LD ALREADY BE DISMISS$ AS AN OV]DONE COMIC /RIP W]E IT NOT = ! PITS ,GORZ REA*ES :5 HE RECONNOIT]S ! 9FAM\S 0POPULATION PROBLEM40 ,H]E1 ,GORZ PASSES FROM ,M>X & ,DISNEY TO ,MAL?US & ,G>RETT ,H>D94 0,TWELVE ,BILLION ,PEOPLE80 CRIES ,GORZ 9 AL>M -- & ! READ] IS 5JO9$ TO TREMBLE OV] ! C]TITUDE ( 0FAM9E10 0EPIDEMICS10 0POPULATION PRESSURE10 RES\RCE EXHAU/ION1 & 0A CLASSIC GAME !ORY SC5>IO -- C ! TRAG$Y ( ! COMMONS'40 ,:E!R ,GORZ KN[S ?AT ,G>RETT ,H>D9'S 0,TRAG$Y ( ! ,COMMONS0 IS ONE ( ! OP5+ %OTS 9 ! EM]G5CE ( EC(ASCISM & ! 0LIFEBOAT E?IC0 ,I DO NOT KN[4 ,BUT ,H>D9'S VIEWS1 LIKE ?OSE ( ,MAL?US1 >E TROTT$ \T ) ! SAME APLOMB AS ?OSE ( ,M>X4 ,ACCORD+LY1 IF ! POPULATION GR[?-RATE 9 NOT SL[$1 0!RE WILL BE #i BILLION PEOPLE 9 #a#i#i#e1 #d BILLION 9 #b#b#e1 & #a BILLION 9 #b#g#e40 ,BY ?IS TIME1 ,GORZ CRIES1 0,CATA/ROPHE WILL BE 9EVITABLE40 ,HAPPILY1 HE ADDS1 0! ,9DIAN GOV]NM5T KN[S SOME?+ AB\T ?IS0 -- & ONE S]I\SLY WOND]S IF ,GORZ HAS ,9DIRA ,G&HI'S =C$ /]ILIZATION PROGRAM 9 M9D :5 HE CELEBRATES 0/]ILIZATION CAMPAIGNS0 AS WELL AS ! ,GORZIAN 0A*IEVEM5T ( A LIV+ /&>D ?AT 5C\RAGES A SPONTANE\S BIR? RATE10 0AGR>IAN RE=M0 & 0! EMANCIPATION ( WOM540 ,IT IS NOTEWOR?Y ?AT FEM9ISM1 SO VITAL TO ANY LIB]T>IAN 0POPULATION0 DISCUSSION1 RATES ?REE WORDS 9 ! 5TIRE BOOK4 ,:AT ,GORZ DOES H]E IS SIMPLY EMB>RASS+4 ,HIS POPULATION PROJECTIONS1 LIKE ?OSE ( ! ,POPULATION ,F\NDATION1 DEAL ) HUMAN BE+S AS ?\< !Y W]E FRUIT FLIES4 ,HIS ME?ODOLOGY IMPLIES AN ACCEPTANCE ( NEO-,MAL?USIAN DEMOGRAPHY4 ,H>D9'S 0,TRAG$Y ( ! ,COMMONS0 M5TALITY GA9S GREAT] CR$ITABILITY & ATT5TION ?AN ,JOSUE DE ,CA/RO'S VIEWS 9 ,! ,GEOPOLITICS ( ,HUNG]1 :I* SEEM MORE LIKE AN AFT]-?\X'S CRITIQUE ( ,MAL?US1 >E SUBORD9AT$ TO HYPO!TICAL RATIOS ( PROLIF]ATION4 ,! 0,GRE5 ,REVOLUTION0 GETS ITS OBLIGATORY WRI/SLAP1 BUT ,GORZ (F]S ONLY A M9IMAL EXPLANATION ( ! 9T]RELATION%IP BETWE5 FAM9E & IMP]IALISM OR1 = ?AT MATT]1 HUNG] & GEOPOLITICS4 ,H]E1 ! NEO-,MAL?USIAN RE/ATEM5T ( 0ORIG9AL S90 7I4E41 ! 0POPULATION PROBLEM0 BEG9S 9 EV]YONE'S B$ROOM1 NOT 9 ! WORLD'S BROK]AGE H\SES7 ACQUIRES AN EXTRAORD9>Y DEGREE ( EM95CE4 ,! 0CRISIS0 APPE>S MORE AS A CRISIS ( NUMB]S ?AN ( SOCIAL RELATIONS 9 :I* 0TE*NICAL CON/RA9TS0 LIKE CONDOMS >E EQUALLY AS SIGNIFICANT AS SOCIAL FACTORS4 ,:AT ECOLOGY HAS DONE = ,GORZ IS TO CONFUSE HIM4 ,F> FROM 5RI*+ HIS \TLOOK ) ! NE$ = A NATURE PHILOSOPHY1 AN E?ICS1 ! PROBLEMS ( SOCIETY'S 9T]ACTION ) ! BIOTIC WORLD1 & A RADICAL PRACTICE1 IT HAS ACTUALLY CULTIVAT$ HIS MO/ PHILI/9E 9TELLECTUAL QUALITIES & HIS 9N] PROCLIVITY = IDEOLOGICAL S5SATIONALISM4 ,DESPITE ITS RADICAL RHETORIC1 ,ECOLOGY AS ,POLITICS CONTA9S SOME ( ! WOR/1 ALBEIT FA%IONABLE1 PREJUDICES ( ! 5VIRONM5TALI/ MOVEM5T1 TA/ELESSLY DECORAT$ ) ,M>XIAN T]M9OLOGY4 ,IT IS TIME TO BR+ ?IS CRITICAL REVIEW TO AN 5D4 ,I WILL NOT FOLL[ ,GORZ ?R\< HIS RITUALIZ$ DISCUSSION ( NUCLE> P[] & PUBLIC HEAL?4 ,IF ! READ] HAS SCANN$ ,ANNA ,GYORGY'S ,NO ,NUKES6 & ,IVAN ,ILI*'S ,M$ICAL ,NEMISIS1 %E OR HE REQUIRES NO ADDITIONAL COMM5TS4 ,! BOOK CONCLUDES ) A S]IES ( P]SONAL1 L>GELY 0C\NT]CULTURAL0 VIGNETTES ( A ,GORZEAN J\RNEY ?R\< ,CALI=NIA1 TITL$3 0,! ,AM]ICAN ,REVOLUTION ,CONT9UES40 ,TO BE FRANK1 9 ,CALI=NIA ,GORZ MIT ( ! WORLD4 ,NE$LESS TO SAY1 ! VIGNETTES 9CLUDE ! PRESCRIB$ 0,JIM10 :O IS /ILL ACTIVE 9 CAMPUS POLITICS2 ! 9DISP5SABLE 0,SUSIE10 :O HATES ,CALI=NIA SMOG2 ! NECESS>Y 0,GEORGE10 :O PRACTICES SOCIALISM 9 ONE NEIL ,HESS 7! LATT] LIVES 9 ,WE/ ,VIRG9IA7 & !RE IS H>DLY ANY?+ ?AT ,GORZ CAN SAY AB\T !M ?AT IS H>MFUL4 ,P]HAPS ! MO/ 9T]E/+ REM>KS 9 !SE VIGNETTES H[EV]1 C5T] >\ND ,RALPH ,NAD] & ,J]RY ,BR[N4 ,NAD]1 ,GORZ HAS TOLD HIS ,FR5* READ]S1 0BELIEVES ?AT PEOPLE HAVE TO ORGANIZE & TAKE P[] OV] !IR [N LIVES0 7PG4 #b#c74 ,HAV+ REC5TLY 5GAG$ 9 A BRIEF V]BAL DUEL ) ,NAD]1 ,I CAN ATTE/ TO ! FACT ?AT ?IS CONSUM] ADVOCATE IS MORE ORI5T$ T[>D ,E/ABLI%M5T POLITICS ?AN POPUL> ACTION4 ,J]RY ,BR[N1 9 ,GORZ'S SKET*1 IS VIRTUALLY *>ACT]IZ$ AS A 0NEO-AN>*I/0 7! T]M IS ,GORZ'S1 NOT M9E74 ,LIKE ALL 0NEO-AN>*I/S10 NO D\BT1 ,J]RY'S 0MODELS >E ,HO ,*I ,M9H1 ,<&I1 & ,MAO4 ,HIS B$SIDE READ+ IS ,SMALL ,IS ,BEAUTIFUL444 & HE SP5DS A LOT ( TIME AT ! ,Z5 7,BUDDHI/7 C5T]40 ,! ,FR5* READ] IS FUR!R TOLD ?AT 0,BR[N HAS BECOME IMM5SELY POPUL>4 ,HE REFUSES TO LIVE 9 ! GOV]NOR'S MANSION1 HE SLEEPS ON A MATTRESS ON ! FLOOR 9 A R5T$ AP>TM5T1 & HE MAKES HIS /AFF GO ON WORK RETREATS ?AT CAN LA/ FROM #g ,A4,M4 TO #b ,P4,M4 ,SOME:AT LIKE ,FIDEL ,CA/RO1 HE %[S UP :]E HE IS LEA/ EXPECT$444 0,SO ON & SO =?4 ,L9DA ,RON/ADT RECEIVES NO M5TION 9 ?IS IDYLLIC PICTURE ( ! 0NEOAN>*I/0 ,GOV]NOR ( ,CALI=NIA1 SO IT H>DLY PAYS TO SAY MORE4 ,?AT A ,M>XI/1 OR A PUBLICI/ TRA9$ 9 SOME K9D ( ,M>XISM1 CAN BELIEVE ?AT ANY ,GOV]NOR ( ,CALI=NIA IS A CR$IBLE FIGURE1 H[EV]1 DOES W>RANT SOME COMM5T4 ,IT MATT]S LITTLE :AT ,J]RY ,BR[N SAYS HE IS OR :AT HE CLAIMS HE READS4 ,:AT MATT]S IS ?AT A SUPPOS$LY 0LEAD+0 ,FR5* 0RADICAL0 BELIEVES IT & DESCRIBES ,BR[N'S MANUFACTUR$ P]SONA ) AN EV5 MODE/ DEGREE ( CR$ULITY4 ,IT N[ BECOMES PA9FULLY EVID5T ?AT ,GORZ'S ABSURDITIES HAVE A RATIONALITY ( !IR [N4 ,GORZ'S REALITY PR9CIPLE IS HOPELESSLY ONE-DIM5SIONAL1 9DE$1 SURPRIS+LY ASKEW4 ,! BOOK ITSELF IS NOT SIMPLY A BIZ>RE MIXTURE ( UTT]LY CONTRADICTORY !ORIES & FACTS2 IT IS A COMPELL+ SYMPTOM ( ! CRISIS ( MOD]N SOCIALISM4 ,! D\BLE MEAN+S :I* ,GORZ GIVES TO 0ECOLOGICAL ?9K+10 0DEC5TRALIZATION10 0AUTONOMY10 0! ,/ATE10 & HIS 0UTOPIAN0 SC5>IOS = A NEW SOCIETY BECOME PROBLEMS NOT ( !ORETICAL ANALYZES BUT ( SOCIAL DIAGNOSES4 ,:AT APPE> AS CONFLICT+ IDEAS 9 ! BOOK >E NOT IDEOLOGICAL CONTRADICTIONS2 !Y >E REALLY CULTURAL TRAITS ( AN EM]G+ ]A ( 9TELLECTUAL CONFUSION & 9COH]5CE AS A NORMAL CONDITION ( ! 9T]NATIONAL ,LEFT4 ,IF ,H]B ,G9TIS CAN PRAISE ?IS BOOK TO ! SKIES1 IF ! REVIEWS IT RECEIVES 9 ! RADICAL PRESS >E 9 ANY WAY FAVORABLE1 IT WILL BE BECAUSE ! ,LEFT ITSELF HAS DESC5D$ TO UNPREC$5T$LY L[ DEP?S -- TOGE!R ) ! CULTURE 9 :I* IT IS ROOT$4 ,! MO/ DISQUIET+ ASPECT ( ?IS !ORETICAL & CULTURAL REGRESSION IS ! 9ABILITY ( ,LEFT SOCIAL CRITICS TO DI/+UI% BETWE5 ! DIFF]5CES 9 ! PREMISES & LOGIC ( PR(\NDLY DISP>ATE !ORIES OR EV5 BE> SOLEMN WITNESS TO ! 9T]NAL CONTRADICTIONS ?AT MU/ 9EVITABLY CAUSE !M TO CLA% ) EA* O!R4 ,LIKE ?OSE POND]\S BANKS AT ! TURN ( ! C5TURY ?AT COMB9$ ,GREEK COLUMNS ) ROCOCO BAS RELIEFS1 LEAV+ ! VIEW] 9 AN >*ITECTURAL LIMBO1 SOCIALI/ !ORI/S DIP FREELY 9TO DISP>ATE & PR(\NDLY CONTRADICTORY TRADITIONS TO FA%ION !IR BLURR$ IDEOLOGIES4 ,TO BE \T ( FOCUS IS NOT M]ELY FA%IONABLE TODAY BUT ABSOLUTELY NECESS>Y IF ONE WI%ES TO RESONATE ) ! PREVAIL+ CULTURE4 ,GORZ IS M]ELY ONE ( ! MORE VULN]ABLE EXAMPLES ( ?IS IDEOLOGICAL ECLECTICISM4 ,P]HAPS MORE CLE>LY ?AN MO/1 HE IS ! TOMB/ONE TO AN ]A :5 REVOLUTION>IES TOOK !IR IDEAS S]I\SLY2 :5 !Y CRITICIZ$ !IR OPPON5TS ) RU?LESS LOGIC2 :5 !Y DEM&$ CL>ITY1 COH]5CE1 & 9SIX :O WROTE ,! ,CRITIQUE ( ! ,GO?A ,PROGRAM2 BUT ONE CANNOT HELP BUT ADMIRE HIS /UNN+ & UNREL5T+ P[]S ( CRITIQUE1 HIS WILLFULL DEM& = CONSI/5CY1 & HIS METICUL\S DEM& = COH]5CE4 ,) ,GORZ WE 5T] AN 5TIRELY DIFF]5T ]A3 ONE :]E ! ,/ATE LEGISLATES AN>*Y 9TO EXI/5CE1 :]E ,M>X MU/ 5DURE ! COMPANY ( ,MAL?US1 :]E C5TRALIZ$ PRODUCTION CO-EXI/S ) DEC5TRALIZ$ COMMUNES1 :]E WORK]S' CONTROL IS EX]CIS$ UND] A PLANN$ FROM ABOVE ECONOMY1 & :]E NOT ONLY ! ,/ATE BUT ! M>KET 0WI!RS AWAY40 ,NEI!R ,M>X NOR ,BAKUN91 ,5GELS NOR ,KROPOTK91 ,L59 NOR ,MALATE/A >E P]MITT$ TO SPEAK 9 !IR [N VOICES4 ,GORZ TUNES !M 91 \T1 OR UP AS HIS J\RNALI/IC NE$S REQUIRE1 LIKE A TELEVISION TE*NICIAN TOY+ ) HIS MONITOR+ PANEL4 ,ACCORD+LY1 FA%ION BECOMES A SUB/ITUTE = !ORY & ! LATE/ GIMMICK A SUB/ITUTE = S]I\S PRACTICE4 ,BOOKS LIKE ,ECOLOGY AS ,POLITICS >E NOT M]ELY A PROBLEM BUT A *ALL5GE4 ,WILL IDEAS BECOME MATT]S ( S]I\S CONC]N OR M]E TOPICS = RADICAL *IT-*AT8 ,WILL REVOLUTION BE ! LIV$ EXP]I5CE ?AT LIT]ALLY PROVIDES ! SUB/ANCE ( LIFE OR 5T]TA9+ & EXP5DABLE EPISODES8 ,WILL MOVEM5TS BE GUID$ BY COH]5T IDEAS OR DISSOLVE 9TO TA/ELESS SPECTACLES8 ,TO CLAIM ?AT !SE QUE/IONS CAN BE ANSW]$ TODAY W\LD BE M]E PRET5SION4 ,BUT IF TRU? %\LD ALWAYS BE ITS [N 5D1 !N ! ANSW] TOO %\LD BE CLE> 5\<4 ,9 ANY CASE1 IT WILL NOT BE F\ND 9 RADICAL COMIC BOOKS ?AT HAVE BE5 PREP>$ BY IDEOLOGICAL C>TOONI/S4 ,SEPTEMB] #aih ,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 ,*RONOLOGY 3 ,JANU>Y #b1 #bba 3 ,APP5DIX -- ,ADD$4 ,JANU>Y #a#f1 #bbb 3 ,APP5DIX -- ,UPDAT$4 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3 HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/