,*APT] #a 
,CONCLUSION3 ,UTOPIANISM & ,FUTURISM 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,MURRAY ,BOOK*9 

,TEXT 3 

,CONCLUSION3 ,UTOPIANISM & ,FUTURISM 

  

,TO ! MEMORY ( \R M>TYR$ DEAD1 ,NICOLO ,SACCO & ,B>TOLOMEO ,VANZETTI -- LET TIME NEV] ALL[ US TO =GET444 

,TO BUILD ! FUTURE FROM ! RI* POT5TIALITIES ( HUMANITY1 NOT FROM P>ALYZ+ LIMITATIONS CREAT$ BY PRES5TDAY SOCIAL B>B>ISM2 TO SEEK :AT IS FRE%1 NEW1 & EM]G5T 9 ! HUMAN CONDITION1 NOT :AT IS /AGNANT1 GIV51 & REGRESSIVE2 TO WORK )9 ! REALM ( :AT %\LD BE1 NOT :AT IS -- !SE ALT]NATIVES SEP>ATE TWO 5TIRELY ANTAGONI/IC WAYS AB\T ?9K+ AB\T ! WORLD4 ,TRU?1 CONCEIV$ AS AN EVOLV+ PROCESS ( ?\<T & REALITY1 ALWAYS APPE>S ON ! M>G9S ( EXP]I5CE & PRACTICE1 EV5 AS ! C5T] SEEMS TRIUMPHANT & ALMO/ ALL- P]VASIVE4 ,TO BE 9 ! M9ORITY IS NOT NECESS>ILY TE/IMONY TO ! FUTILITY ( AN IDEAL OR A VISION2 IT IS (T5 A TOK5 ( :AT IS YET TO COME 9 ! FULFILLM5T ( HUMAN & SOCIAL POT5TIALITIES4 ,9DE$1 NO?+ IS MORE 9SIDI\S ?AN ! MY? ?AT RAPID SUCCESS & POPUL>ITY >E EVID5CE ( TRU?4 ,SUCCESS & POPUL>ITY1 9 ! S5SE ( A MASSIVE HUMAN COMMITM5T TO AN IDEAL1 >E MATT]S ( GR[?1 PA9/AK+ $UCATION1 DEVELOPM5T1 & ! RIP5+ ( CONDITIONS ?AT R5D] ! ACTUALIZATION ( HUMAN & SOCIAL POT5TIALITIES ! REAL EPO*AL *ANGES 9 ! 9DIVIDUAL & SOCIETY4 

,TO BUILD ! FUTURE FROM ! SOCIAL LIMITATIONS ( SOCIETY1 FROM ! /AGNANT1 ! GIV51 & ! REGRESSIVE IS TO SEE ! 0FUTURE0 M]ELY AS AN EXTRAPOLATION ( ! PRES5T4 ,IT IS ! 0FUTURE0 AS PRES5T QUANTIFI$1 :E!R BY EXPANSION OR ATTRITION4 ,VULG>IANS LIKE ! ,ALV9 ,T(FL]S HAVE MADE FUTURISM 9TO A MATT] ( 0%OCK02 ! ,PAUL ,EHRLI*S 9TO A MATT] ( DEMOGRAPHIC CATA/ROPHE2 ! ,M>%ALL ,MAC,LUHANS 9TO A MATT] ( M$IA2 ! ,H]MAN ,KAHNS & ,AN?ONY ,WE9]S 9TO A MATT] ( TE*NOCRATIC 0SC5>IOS02 ! ,BUCKM9/] ,FULL]S 9TO A MATT] ( ME*ANI/IC DESIGN2 ! ,G>RETT ,H>D9S 9TO A MATT] ( EC(ASCI/IC E?ICS4 ,:ATEV] CLAIMS !SE FUTURI/S MAY MAKE = !IR 0VISIONS0 OR 0DREAMS10 !IR SC5>IOS >E NOTABLE = ONE COMPELL+ FACT3 !Y (F] NO *ALL5GE TO ! BASES ( ! /ATUS QUO4 ,:AT EXI/S 9 NE>LY ALL FUTURI/IC 0SC5>IOS0 & 0VISIONS0 IS ! EXT5SION ( ! PRES5T -- BE IT 9TO ! YE> 0#b10 9TO SPACE1 9TO ! OCEANS OR UND] ! E>?4 ,! /ATUS QUO1 9 EFFECT1 IS 5L>G$ RA!R ?AN *ALL5G$1 EV5 BY FUTURI/S :O PR(ESS TO FAVOR 0M9IATURIZATION0 & 0DEC5TRALIZATION40 ,IT IS PRESUPPOS$ ?AT ! EXI/+ POLITICAL1 ECONOMIC1 PROP]TY1 & VALUE SY/EMS1 (T5 ! EXI/+ CITIES1 M$IA NETWORKS1 BUREAUCRACY1 MULT9ATIONAL CORPORATIONS1 M>KET /RUCTURE1 MONET>Y RELATIONS1 & EV5 MILIT>Y & POLICE MA*9]Y -- ALL1 WILL  
CONT9UE TO EXI/ 9 ONE =M OR ANO!R4 ,FUTURI/S R>ELY EXAM9E !IR HI<LY CONV5TIONAL PRESUPPOSITIONS4 ,LIKE ! CU/OMS ( >*AIC SOCIETIES1 ! PREMISES ( ! PREVAIL+ SOCIETY >E NOT M]ELY ASSUM$ BUT RA!R SO COMPLETELY 9TROJECT$ 9TO FUTURI/IC ?\<T ?AT ITS HI]>*ICAL1 DOM9E]+1 & PROP]TY /RUCTURE DO NOT EV5 LIE ON ! SURFACE ( CONSCI\SNESS4 ,!SE /RUCTURES >E EXT5D$ TO ! FUTURE AS SU* 1 H5CE ! FUTURE M]ELY BECOMES ! PRES5T WRIT L>GE 7OR SMALL7 ) ! V]BAL V5E] ( A UTOPIAN VOCABUL>Y4 ,IT IS 9T]E/+ TO NOTE ?AT ,KUBRICK'S CULT MOVIE1 0#b#a10 RETA9S ! MILIT>Y CADRES1 ! SCI5TI/IC BANALITIES1 ! COLD-W> AMBIANCE1 EV5 ! FA/-FOOD EMPORIA & SVELTE AIRL9E HO/ESSES ( ! P]IOD 9 :I* IT WAS PRODUC$4 ,! 0LI<T %[0 ?AT EXPLODES T[>D ! 5D ( ! MOVIE1 A PRODUCT ( ! ?IRTIES DANCE FLOOR1 IS ,KUBRICK'S PR9CIPAL CONCESSION TO ! C\NT]CULTURE ( ! SIXTIES -- A CULTURE ?AT HAS S9CE BECOME A C>ICATURE ( ITSELF4 

,FUTURISM1 9 FACT1 IS ! SPECI\S 0UTOPIANISM0 ( 5VIRONM5TALISM AS DI/+UI%$ FROM ! UNSETTL+ LOGIC ( ECOLOGY4 ,IT CAN AF=D TO BE S*IZOID & CONTRADICTORY BECAUSE ! SOCIETY FROM :I* IT PROJECTS ITS 0VISIONS0 IS ITSELF S*IZOID & CONTRADICTORY4 ,?AT ,BUCKM9I/] ,FULL] CAN DESCRIBE MAN AS 0A SELFBALANC+1 #b#h-JO9T$ ADAPT]-BASE BIP$1 AN ELECTRO*EMICAL R$UCTION PLANT1 9TEGRAL ) ! SEGREGAT$ /[AGES ( SPECIAL 5]GY EXTRACTS 9 /ORAGE BATT]IES10 ! HUMAN N]V\S SY/EM AS A 0UNIV]SALLY DI/RIBUT$ TELEPHONE SY/EM NE$+ NO S]VICE = #g YE>S IF WELL-MANAG$10 & ! HUMAN M9D AS A 0TURRET 9 :I* >E LOCAT$ TELESCOPIC & MICROSCOPIC SELF-REGI/]+ & RECORD+ RANGE-F9D]S1 A SPECTROSCOPE1 ET CET]A0 -- & /ILL BE DESCRIB$ BY HIS DAZZL$ ACOLYTES AS AN 0ECOLOGI/10 A 0CITIZ5 ( ! WORLD0 7ONE MAY JU/LY ASK3 :I* ONE871 & AS A 0UTOPIAN VISION>Y0 %\LD COME AS NO SURPRISE4 ,IT W\LD BE TRITE M]ELY TO EXAM9E ! EXT5T TO :I* ,FULL]'S 0ECOLOGY0 P>ALLELS ,LA ,METTRIE'S TREATM5T ( MAN AS A MA*9E4 ,:AT C\NTS IS ?AT HIS CON/ITU5CY (T5 FAIL TO EXHIBIT EV5 A GLIMM] ( 9SI<T 9TO HIS ANALYTICALLY ME*ANI/IC \TLOOK & ! S]I\S *ALL5GE IT POSES TO AN ORGANICALLY ECOLOGICAL S5SIBILITY4 ,ULTIMATELY1 IT IS NOT ! S*IZOPHR5IA ( ,FULL] ?AT IS />TL+ & ! EXT5T TO :I* HIS ACOLYTES MELD HIS ME*ANI/IC CONTRADICTIONS ) ECOLOGY BUT1 EV5 MORE FUNDAM5TALLY1 ! S*IZOPHR5IA & CONTRADICTIONS ?AT RIDDLE PRES5T-DAY SOCIETY4 ,IF HOLISM IMPLIES1 AT ! V]Y LEA/1 A UNITY & COH]5CE ( RELATIONS1 ! PRES5T- DAY SOCIETY IS ! MO/ FRAGM5T$ 9 HI/ORY4 

,A SOCIETY ?AT HAS SUB/ITUT$ MEANS = 5DS1 CONSI/5CY = TRU?1 TE*NIQUE = VIRTUE1 EFFICI5CY = ! HUMAN GOOD1 QUANTITY = QUALITY1 & OBJECT = SUBJECT IS A SOCIETY ?AT IS LIT]ALLY DESIGN$ = NO O!R PURPOSE BUT SURVIVAL ON ANY T]MS4 ,TO CONT9UE TO 0EXI/0 -- :E!R OR NOT ?AT EXI/5CE IS MEAN+FUL1 SATISFY+1 CREATIVE1 & REALIZES ! POT5TIALITIES ( ! HUMAN SPIRIT -- LEADS TO ADAPTATION AS AN 5D 9 ITSELF4 ,9S(> AS SURVIVAL IS ! ONLY PR9CIPLE OR 5D ?AT GUIDES ! BEHAVIOR ( ! PRES5T-DAY SOCIETY1 ANY MEANS ?AT CAN PROMOTE ?AT 5D IS SOCIALLY ACCEPTABLE4 ,H5CE SOL> P[] CAN CO-EXI/ ) NUCLE> P[]1 0APPROPRIATE0 TE*NOLOGY ) HI< TE*NOLOGY1 0VOLUNT>Y SIMPLICITY0 ) M$IA-OR*E/RAT$ OPUL5CE1 DEC5TRALIZATION1 ) C5TRALIZATION1 0LIMITS TO GR[?0 ) UNLIMIT$ ACCUMULATION1 COMMUNES ) MULT9ATIONAL CORPORATIONS1 H$ONISM ) AU/]ITY1 & MUTUAL AID ) COMPETITION4 

,BUT B5EA? ?IS GOAL ( SURVIVAL IS NOT M]E EXI/5CE AS SU*4 ,! PRES5T-DAY SOCIETY HAS A DEF9ITE *>ACT]4 ,IT IS A PROP]TI$ SOCIETY ?AT CONC5TRATES ECONOMIC P[] 9 CORPORATE ELITES4 ,IT IS A MILIT>I/IC SOCIETY ?AT CONC5TRATES ! MEANS ( VIOL5CE 9 PR(ESSIONAL SOLDI]S4 ,IT IS A BUREAUCRATIC SOCIETY ?AT CONC5TRATES POLITICAL P[] 9 C5TRALIZ$ /ATE 9/ITUTIONS4 ,IT IS A PATRI>*AL SOCIETY ?AT ALLOCATES AU?ORITY TO M5 9 V>Y+ DEGREES4 ,& IT IS A RACI/ SOCIETY ?AT PLACES A M9ORITY ( :ITES 9 A SELF-DECEPTIVE SOV]EIGNTY OV] A VA/ WORLDWIDE MAJORITY ( PEOPLES ( COLOR4 ,TAK5 TOGE!R1 ! PREVAIL+ SOCIETY RETA9S ASSUMPTIONS AB\T ! ECONOMY1 POLITICS1 SEX ROLES1 & E?NIC H]ITAGE ( HUMANITY ?AT >E PRUD5TLY HIDD5 FROM CONSCI\SNESS4 ,H5CE ITS CONC]N ) SURVIVAL & ADAPTATION IS GUID$ BY DI/9CT 9/ITUTIONS1 VALUES1 PREJUDICES1 & TRADITIONS ?AT MU/ ALWAYS BE OP5 TO CRITICAL EXAM9ATION4 ,SURVIVAL & ADAPTATION KEEP !SE ASSUMPTIONS HIDD5 BY PROVID+ A TE*NIQUE = MASK+ !M ) ! RHETORIC ( 0TOL]ANCE0 & 0CO-EXI/5CE40 ,! SOCIETY WILL 0CO-EXI/0 ) ANY?+ OR ANY VISION ?AT DOES NOT FOLL[ ITS LOGIC ( CRITIQUE & FULFILLM5T4 ,TO 0PLAY ! GAME0 ) A CORDIAL SMILE1 TO M+LE ! MO/ ODI\S CONTRADICTIONS ) C\RTESY1 TO SEEK ! L[E/ COMMON D5OM9ATOR 9 IDEAS & CON/ITU5CIES ) /YLI% 0S5SITIVITY10 TO IGNORE COH]5CE & CONSI/5CY BY APPEAL+ TO 0CONS5SUS0 & 0UNITY0 -- ALL ( ?IS MAKES 0COEXI/5CE0 ! DEVICE  
P> EXCELL5CE = ADAPTATION1 SURVIVAL1 & ABOVE ALL1 ! DOM9ATION & SOV]EIGNTY ( ! /ATUS QUO4 

,! ESS5CE ( FUTURISM &1 = ?AT MATT]1 ( 5VIRONM5TALISM & ,M>XISM IS ?AT ! SOCIETY'S 9/ITUTIONS1 VALUES1 & PREJUDICES >E NOT EXAM9$ 9 A TRULY FUNDAM5TAL S5SE4 ,:]E FUTURISM DOES MORE ?AN M]ELY EXT5D ! PRES5T 9TO ! FUTURE1 IT (T5 D5ATURES ALT]NATIVES ?AT >E DESIGN$ TO RADICALLY REPLACE ! PRES5T BY A QUALITATIVELY NEW SOCIETY4 ,:5 ,LE ,CORBUSI] & HIS TRADITIONAL OPPON5T1 ,FRANK ,LLOYD ,WRI<T1 BO? DESCRIB$ ! CITY AS A 0MA*9E10 !IR DISPUTES OV] URBAN GIGANTISM & C5TRALIZATION BECAME MEAN+LESS4 ,!IR %>$ NOTION ?AT HUMAN COMMUNITIES CAN BE DESCRIB$ 9 ME*ANI/IC T]MS EFFAC$ ! REAL SIGNIFICANCE ( !IR DIFF]5CES4 ,:5 ,FULL] CAN N[ DESCRIBE ! E>? AS A 0SPACE%IP10 HIS CLAIMS TO AN ECOLOGICAL S5SIBILITY BECOME A TRAVE/Y ( ECOLOGY4 ,:5 ,MAC,LUHAN CAN IMP>T TO M$IA A CAPACITY TO PRODUCE A 0GLOBAL VILLAGE10 ! CONTRADICTORY NATURE ( ! T]M ITSELF R5D]S HIS 0UTOPIANISM0 9TO A MOCK]Y ( UTOPIA4 ,UNLESS WE /UDY ?IS SOCIETY ) A ?IRD EYE ?AT IS NOT BORN ( ITS 9/ITUTIONS1 RELATIONS1 & VALUES1 WE BECOME IDEOLOGICALLY & MORALLY 5TRAPP$ 9 PRESUPPOSITIONS ?AT HAVE BE5 BUILT 9TO \R NORMAL ?9K+ AS UNCONSCI\SLY AS BREA?+4 

,! P[] ( UTOPIAN ?9K+1 PROP]LY CONCEIV$ AS A VISION ( A NEW SOCIETY ?AT QUE/IONS ALL ! PRESUPPOSITIONS ( ! PRES5T-DAY SOCIETY1 IS ITS 9H]5T ABILITY TO SEE ! FUTURE 9 T]MS ( RADICALLY NEW =MS & VALUES4 ,BY 0NEW10 ,I DO NOT M]ELY MEAN 0*ANGE0 -- 0*ANGE0 ?AT CAN M]ELY BE QUANTITATIVE1 9]TIAL1 & PHYSICAL4 ,I MEAN 0NEW0 9 T]MS ( DEVELOPM5T & PROCESS RA!R ?AN 0MOTION0 & 0DISPLACEM5T40 ,! LATT] >E M]ELY LOGI/ICAL PH5OM5A2 !Y >E *ANGES ( PLACE & QUANTITY AS DI/+UI%$ FROM A DEVELOPM5T ?AT IS QUALITATIVE4 ,H5CE1 UND] ! RUBRIC ( 0UTOPIA0 ,I PLACE ONLY CONSI/5TLY REVOLUTION>Y VISIONS ( A FUTURE ?AT >E EM]G5T1 ! RESULTS ( DEEP-SEAT$ PROCESSES ?AT 9VOLVE ! RADICAL RECON/RUCTION ( P]SONALITY1 S5SIBILITY1 SEXUALITY1 SOCIAL MANAGEM5T1 TE*NICS1 HUMAN RELATIONS1 & HUMANITY'S RELATION%IP ) NATURE4 ,! TIME LAPSE ?AT TURNS PRES5T 9TO FUTURE IS NOT M]ELY QUANTITATIVE2 IT IS A *ANGE 9 DEVELOPM5T1 =M1 & QUALITY4 

,UTOPIAN ?9K+ HAS ITS [N HI/ORY AS WELL AS ! HI/ORICALLY SPECIFIC VISIONS UTOPIAS UNCONSCI\SLY ABSORB FROM ! SOCIETY !Y WI% TO REPLACE4 ,?AT ,MORE'S UTOPIA TOL]AT$ SLAV]Y1 ?AT ,&REA'S WAS MODEL$ ON ! MONA/>IES ( HIS TIME1 ?AT ,MABLY & ,MORELLY BAS$ !IR CODES ( 0NATURE0 ON ,SP>TA1 & ?AT ,RABELAIS'S ,ABBEY ( ,!LEME P>TLY ANTICIPAT$ ! C\RT LIFE ( ,V]SAILLES >E OBVI\S4 ,UTOPIAS HAVE BE5 MODEL$ ON LONG-GONE RECOLLECTIONS ( TRIBAL SOCIETY1 ! ,A!NIAN POLIS1 MOD]N 0PRIMITIVE0 COMMUNITIES1 OR1 AS 9 ,BACON'S CASE1 ! LABORATORY1 9 ,SADE'S ! B\DOIR1 & 9 ! CONTEMPOR>Y C9EMA1 ! 0,SATURDAY NI<T0 DISCO!QUE T[>D :I* ! 5TIRE WEEK CONV]GES4 ,:AT CRUCIALLY DI/+UI%ES UTOPIAS1 BE !Y REAL OR SPECI\S1 FROM EA* O!R IS ! EXT5T TO :I* !Y >E LIB]T>IAN4 ,FROM ?IS /&PO9T1 EV5 ! REM>KABLE MAN :O DEVIS$ ! WORD 0UTOPIA10 ,?OMAS ,MORE1 C\LD H>DLY BE CALL$ A UTOPIAN1 NOT TO SPEAK ( ,PLATO1 ,CAMPANULA1 ,&REA1 ,BACON1 ,DEFOE1 & ! SO-CALL$ 0COMMUNI/S0 ( ! ,5LI<T5M5T1 ,MABLY & ,MORELLY1 LAT] ,SA9T-,SIMON1 ,CABET1 & ,BELLAMY4 

,BY CONTRA/1 FOLK UTOPIAS LIKE ! ,L& ( ,COCKAYGNE1 VISIONS ( ! FUTURE ADVANC$ BY ! ,DIGG]S ( ! ,5GLI% ,REVOLUTION1 ,RABELAIS'S ,ABBEY ( ,!LEME1 & MO/ NOTABLY1 ,*>LES ,F\RI]'S PHALAN/]Y & ,WILLIAM ,MORRIS'S QUASI-M$IEVAL COMMUNE1 REMA9 9H]5TLY LIB]T>IAN4 ,:AT /RIKES US AB\T !SE VISIONS IS !IR [N SEEM+LY UNCONSCI\S C\NT]?RU/ TO ! UN/AT$ PRESUPPOSITIONS ( 0CIVILIZATION0 7TO USE ?IS WORD 9 ,F\RI]'S S5SE74 ,EV5 :]E !Y SEEM TO ACCEPT ! CLAIMS ( PROP]TY 7,RABELAIS & ,F\RI]71 !Y 9H]5TLY D5Y ITS AU?ORITY OV] FRE$OM4 0,DO AS ?\ WILT/60 -- ! EXPLICIT MAXIM ( ,RABELAIS'S ,ABBEY ( ,!LEME & ! IMPLICIT MAXIM ( ,F\RI]'S PHALAN/]Y -- NECESS>ILY SUBV]TS ! P[] ( PROP]TY BY D5Y+ ! P[] ( AU?ORITY ITSELF4 ,TO ! HIDD5 PRESUPPOSITIONS ( ! PRES5T-DAY SOCIETY1 !SE ,UTOPIANS ADVANCE HIDD5 PRESUPPOSITIONS ( !IR [N :I* WE %ALL EXAM9E BEL[4 ,H5CE ! NE$ = ! CONCRET5ESS ( UTOPIAN ?9K+1 ITS SPECIFIC & DAY-TO- DAY *>ACT]1 ITS N>RATIVE QUALITIES4 ,LIT]ALLY1 ONE =M ( EV]YDAY LIFE IS OPPOS$ TO ANO!R =M ( EV]YDAY LIFE4 ,IRONICALLY1 ! !ORETICAL PAUCITY ( UTOPIAN ?9K+1 AT LEA/ 9 ! PA/1 IS ITS RAISON D'ETRE1 ITS HOLD ON ! M9D & ON BEHAVIOR4 ,R\SSEAU REALIZ$ ! IMPORTANCE ( ?AT P[] 9 ,EMILE JU/ AS ,SADE 9 ! ,PHILOSOPHY ( ! ,B$ROOM4 ,HUMAN BE+S AS ! EMBODIM5T ( IDEALS DEAL ) US )\T LOS+ !IR CR$IBILITY & CONCRET5ESS4 ,!IR V]Y HUMANNESS -- ONE ?9KS H]E P>TICUL>LY ( ,RABELAIS'S ,G>GANTUA & ,PANTAGRUEL1 ( ,DID]OT'S  
,JACQUES LE ,FATALI/E & ,B\GA9VILLE DIALOGUE1 & ,CLAUDE ,TILLI]'S ,MON ,ONCLE ,B5JAM9 -- 5GAGES \R HUMANNESS 9 ! FULLNESS ( LIFE & P]SONAL 9VOLVEM5T4 

,! IMM5SITY ( ! MAXIM1 0,DO AS ?\ WIL/610 IS A DIRECT EXPRESSION ( FRE$OM ?AT GOES BEYOND ! MO/ EXPANSIVE NOTIONS ( DEMOCRACY1 EV5 ( ! DIRECT DEMOCRACY PRACTIC$ BY ! ,A!NIAN POPUL> ASSEMBLY1 ! ,NEW ,5GL& T[N MEET+S ( ! #a#g#fS1 & ! REVOLUTION>Y ,P>ISIAN SECTIONS ( #a#g#i#c4 ,ULTIMATELY1 :AT !SE ,UTOPIANS AFFIRM >E ! CLAIMS ( P]SONALITY 7NOT M]ELY ?OSE ( AN AB/RACTLY CONCEIV$ 09DIVIDUAL07 OV] ! P[] ( CU/OM1 TRADITION1 & 9/ITUTIONS4 ,:5 ! ,SPANI% ,AN>*I/S ( ! #a#i#cS RAIS$ ! CRY1 0,DEA? TO 9/ITUTIONS -- NOT TO PEOPLE10 !Y MORE CLOSELY APPROXIMAT$ ?IS FLEET+ ,RABELAISIAN & ,F\RI]I/ RECOGNITION ( P]SONALITY ?AN ANY RADICAL MOVEM5T ( \R ]A4 ,NOT ?AT 9/ITUTIONS AS SU* W]E ABOLI%$ 9 ,RABELAIS'S & ,F\RI]'S UTOPIAS1 BO? ( :I* HAVE A MANORIAL AMBIANCE4 ,BUT !IR 9/ITUTIONS EXI/ TO RE9=CE & 5RI* P]SONALITY1 NOT TO DIM9I% HUMAN UNIQU5ESS & CREATIVITY4 ,! V]Y T5SION ?AT EM]GES BETWE5 9DIVIDUAL & SOCIETY1 SO M>K$ EV5 9 ! DECAD5T PHASE ( ! POLIS1 IS SIMPLY REMOV$4 

,! REMOVAL ( ?IS T5SION IS ! MO/ SIGNIFICANT FEATURE ( ! LIB]T>IAN UTOPIAS4 ,LIT]ALLY1 IT IS A*IEV$ BY RECOGNIZ+ NOT ONLY ! CLAIMS ( FRE$OM BUT ( SPONTANE\S EXPRESSION4 ,SEXUALITY1 >T1 PLEASURE1 V>IETY1 PLAY1 & UNIMP$$ SELF-EXPRESSION >E AV[$ OV] TE*NICAL RATIONALIZATION1 PROPAG&A1 HAPP9ESS1 UNI=MITY1 & MASS MOBILIZATION -- FEATURES ?AT ! AU?ORIT>IAN ,UTOPIANS W]E TO %>E ) ! AU?ORIT>IAN SOCIALI/S &1 NO LESS PO9T$LY1 MANY FUTURI/S ( ! PRES5T DAY4 ,! HI/ORIC DEM& = 0HAPP9ESS0 HAD BE5 REPLAC$ BY ! MORE LIB]ATORY DEM& = PLEASURE4 ,! CLAIMS ( UNFETT]$ SEXUALITY1 V>IETY1 CREATION1 & A FULL RECOGNITION ( 9DIVIDUAL PROCLIVITIES & P]SONAL UNIQU5ESS BECOME ! 5DS ?AT EFFICI5CY1 COORD9ATION1 WORK1 & TE*NICS >E MEANT TO S]VE4 ,! TWO MAJOR DIVISIONS ( LIFE ?AT W]E TO BE OPPOS$ TO EA* O!R BY ALL GREAT SOCIAL !ORI/S FROM ,PLATO TO ,FREUD -- ! 0REALMS0 ( FRE$OM & NECESSITY -- >E ?US 9TEGRAT$4 

,?AT ! LIB]T>IAN ,UTOPIANS ( ! PA/ DID NOT PROVIDE 0BLUEPR9TS0 = ! FUTURE ?AT WE CAN REG>D AS ACCEPTABLE TODAY H>DLY REQUIRES EMPHASIS4 0,BLUEPR9TS10 9 ANY CASE1 W]E VEHICLES = A CONCRET5ESS ?AT PITT$ ! PRESUPPOSITIONS ( ! NEW AGA9/ ! OLD4 ,!IR NE$ = DETAIL IS N[ IRRELEVANT TO AN AGE ?AT REQUIRES FULL CONSCI\SNESS ( ALL PRESUPPOSITIONS1 BE !Y ! HIDD5 ONES ( ! /ATUS QUO OR ( ! ,UTOPIANS1 TO ATTA9 A TOTALLY LIB]AT$ ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY4 ,9 A S5SE1 WE MU/ N[ BE FREE ( HI/ORY -- NOT ( ITS MEMORY BUT ITS ICY GRASP ON CONSCI\SNESS -- TO CREATE HI/ORY RA!R ?AN TO BE CREAT$ BY IT4 ,! HI/ORICAL ROOTS ( ! OLD ,UTOPIANS >E ONLY TOO CLE> TO BE ACCEPTABLE TO A MORE DEM&+ ]A4 ,! ,ABBEY ( ,!LEME WAS S]VIC$ BY GROOMS1 F>M]S1 BLACKSMI?S1 9 %ORT1 BY AN ANONYM\S BODY ( SUBS]VI5T PEOPLE :O C\LD NOT PRACTICE ITS MAXIM4 ,NOR DID ,F\RI] OP5 HIS PHALAN/]IES TO ! DE/ITUTE & ! MAIM$1 ! VICTIMS ( ! NEW 9DU/RIAL B\RGEOISIE HE SO SAVAGELY ATTACK$4 ,:E!R ANY ( !SE UTOPIAS W]E POSSIBLE ON !IR [N T]MS1 )9 ! MAT]IAL CONTEXT ( !IR [N LEVEL ( TE*NICAL DEVELOPM5T1 WILL ALWAYS REMA9 UNC]TA94 ,:AT IS IMPORTANT AB\T !IR VISION IS ITS EXTRAORD9>ILY F>-REA*+ RADICAL NATURE3 !Y HAD *ALL5G$ &1 9 A FALT]+ WAY1 TRI$ TO REMOVE ! P[] ( NE$ OV] FRE$OM -- 9DE$1 ! TA9T+ ( ! IDEAL ( FRE$OM BY >*AIC NOTIONS ( NE$4 ,FROM ?IS *ALL5GE1 ALL ELSE /EMM$ -- ! REMOVAL ( ! P[] ( SOCIAL & ECONOMIC RATIONALIZATION OV] P]SONALITY1 WORK OV] PLAY1 AU/]ITY OV] BEAUTY1 9/ITUTIONS OV] SOCIAL ADM9I/RATION1 ! /ATE OV] SOCIETY4 

,UTOPIA HAS N[ CEAS$ TO BE MY?IC4 ,! CONC]N ( ?IS G5]ATION ) ! FUTURE1 A CONC]N ?AT EM]GES FROM ! UNIMAG9ABLE P[] HI]>*Y CAN COMM& PHYSICALLY & PSY*ICALLY1 HAS MADE UTOPIANISM A MATT] ( =ESI<T RA!R ?AN DREAMY VISIONS4 ,FUTURISM HAS ABOLI%$ ! FUTURE4 ,IT HAS DONE SO BY ASSIMILAT+ ! FUTURE TO A PRES5T ?AT !REBY ACQUIRES A /AGNANT ET]NALITY BY VIRTUE ( ! EXT5T TO :I* IT P]MEATES ! ]AS ?AT LIE AHEAD4 ,NOT TO =M VISIONS ?AT BREAK RADICALLY ) ! PRES5T IS TO D5Y A FUTURE ?AT CAN BE QUALITATIVELY DIFF]5T FROM ! PRES5T4 ,?IS IS WORSE ?AN AN ABOLITION ( ! WISDOM ( HI/ORY2 IT IS AN ABOLITION ( ! PROMISE ( SOCIETY TO ADVANCE 9TO A MORE HUMANI/IC WORLD4 

,UTOPIA R$EEMS ! FUTURE4 ,IT RECOV]S IT = ! G5]ATIONS TO COME & RE/ORES IT TO !M AS A FUTURE :I* !Y CAN CREATIVELY =M & ?OR\<LY EMANCIPATE -- NOT ) HIDD5 PRESUPPOSITIONS BUT CONSCI\S >TFULNESS4 ,! GREATE/ UTOPIAN IDEALS -- ?OSE ( ,RABELAIS1 ,F\RI]1 & ,MORRIS -- MU/ BE PROJECT$ BEYOND ! LIMITS ( !IR TIME4 ,NOT ONLY DO WE SEEK PLEASURE RA!R ?AN ! SMALL SATISFACTIONS ( 0HAPP9ESS10 P]SONALITY RA!R ?AN ! EGOTISM ( 9DIVIDUALITY1 PLAY RA!R ?AN MONOTON\S WORK1 MUTUAL AID RA!R ?AN COMPETITION1 BEAUTY RA!R ?AN AU/]ITY2 WE SEEK A NEW UNITY ) NATURE1 ! ABOLITION (- HI]>*Y & DOM9ATION1 ! FULLNESS ( SPONTANEITY & ! WEAL? ( DIV]SITY4 

,TO DRAW UP A BLUEPR9T -- A 0SC5>IO0 -- = ! REALIZATION ( SU* A UTOPIA W\LD BE A REGRESSION TO ! HIDD5 PRESUPPOSITIONS & ! CONCRET5ESS ?AT E>LI] ,UTOPIANS OPPOS$ TO ! HIDD5 PRESUPPOSITIONS & EXPLICIT REALITIES ( !IR [N PREVAIL+ SOCIETIES4 ,WE DO NOT NE$ ! NOVELS1 DIAGRAMS1 *>ACT] /UDIES1 & DIALOGUES ?AT ! TRADITIONAL ,UTOPIANS EMPLOY$ TO OPPOSE ONE =M ( EV]YDAY LIFE TO ANO!R4 ,?AT EV]YDAY LIFE MU/ BE C5TRAL TO ! REVOLUTION>Y PROJECT ( \R TIMES CAN N[ BE /AT$ EXPLICITLY & ROOT$ 9 A WEAL? ( CONSCI\SNESS & 9 ! COMMITM5T ( REVOLUTION>IES TO !IR MOVEM5TS AS CULTURES1 NOT M]ELY AS ORGANIZATIONS4 ,MORE DEM&+ ?AN1 ! 0BLUEPR9TS0 ( YE/]DAY >E ! ECOLOGICAL IMP]ATIVES ( TODAY4 ,WE MU/ 0PHASE \T0 \R =MLESS URBAN AGGLOM]ATIONS 9TO ECOCOMMUNITIES ?AT >E SCAL$ TO HUMAN DIM5SIONS1 S5SITIVELY TAILOR$ 9 SIZ$1 POPULATION1 NE$S1 & >*ITECTURE TO ! SPECIFIC ECOSY/EMS 9 :I* !Y >E TO BE LOCAT$4 ,WE MU/ USE MOD]N TE*NICS TO REPLACE \R FACTORIES1 AGRIBUS9ESS 5T]PRISES1 & M9ES BY NEW1 HUMAN-SCAL$ ECOTE*NOLOGIES ?AT DEPLOY SUN1 W9D1 /REAMS1 RECYCL$ WA/ES1 & VEGETATION TO CREATE A COMPREH5SIBLE PEOPLE'S TE*NOLOGY4 ,WE MU/ REPLACE ! /ATE 9/ITUTIONS BAS$ ON PR(ESSIONAL VIOL5CE BY SOCIAL 9/ITUTIONS BAS$ ON MUTUAL AID & HUMAN SOLID>ITY4 ,WE MU/ REPLACE C5TRALIZ$ SOCIAL =MS BY DEC5TRALIZ$ POPUL> ASSEMBLIES2 REPRES5TATIVES & BUREAUCRACIES BY COORD9AT+ BODIES ( SPOKESP]SONS ) M&AT$ ADM9I/RATIVE P[]S1 EA* SUBJECT TO ROTATION1 SORTITION1 & IMM$IATE RECALL4 

,ALL ( ?IS MU/ BE DONE IF WE >E TO RESOLVE ! ECOLOGICAL CRISIS ?AT ?REAT5S ! V]Y EXI/5CE ( ! BIOSPH]E 9 ! DECADES ?AT LIE AHEAD4 ,IT IS NOT A VISION>Y 0BLUEPR9T0 OR 0SC5>IO0 ?AT M&ATES !SE F>-REA*+ ALT]ATIONS 9 \R SOCIAL /RUCTURES & RELATIONS1 BUT ! DICTATES ( NATURE ITSELF4 ,BUT !SE ALT]ATIONS BECOME SOCIAL DESID]ATA BECAUSE !Y BR+ ! SUN1 W9D1 SOIL1 VEGETATION1 & ANIMALS BACK 9TO \R LIVES TO A*IEVE A NEW S5SE ( R5EWAL ) NATURE4 ,)\T RECOV]+ AN ECOLOGICAL RELATION%IP ) ! BIOSPH]E & PR(\NDLY ALT]+ \R S5SIBILITIES T[>D ! NATURAL WORLD1 \R HOPE ( A*IEV+ AN ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY REGRESSES TO A M]ELY FUTURI/IC 0SC5>IO40 

,EQUALLY SIGNIFICANTLY1 WE MU/ R5EW \R RELATION%IP TO EA* O!R 9 A RI* NEXUS ( SOLID>ITY & LOVE1 ONE ?AT 5DS ALL HI]>*ICAL & DOM9E]+ RELATION%IPS 9 \R SPECIES4 ,TO DEC5TRALIZE1 TO DEVELOP AN 0APPROPRIATE TE*NOLOGY10 TO ASPIRE TO SIMPLICITY1 ALL M]ELY = REASONS ( LOGI/ICS1 TE*NICAL EFFICI5CY1 & CONS]VATION W\LD BE TO BETRAY ! IDEAL ( HUMAN SCALE1 HUMAN P>TICIPATION1 & HUMAN SELF-DEVELOPM5T4 ,TO COMPROMISE DEC5TRALIZATION ) C5TRALIZATION 0:]E NECESS>Y0 7TO USE ,M>CUSE'S MEMORABLE =MULATION71 TO USE 0APPROPRIATE TE*NOLOGY0 9 CONJUNCTION ) FACTORIES1 TO FO/] 0VOLUNT>Y SIMPLICITY0 AMID M9DLESS OPUL5CE IS TO TA9T ! 5TIRE ECOLOGICAL PROJECT 9 A MANN] ?AT R5D]S ! ECOLOGICAL CRISIS UNRESOLVABLE4 ,LIKE ,GRE%AM'S ,LAW1 NOT ONLY DOES BAD MONEY DRIVE \T GOOD1 BUT FUTURI/IC 0SC5>IOS0 WILL DE/ROY ! UTOPIAN DIM5SION ( ! REVOLUTION>Y PROJECT4 ,NEV] 9 ! PA/ HAS IT BE5 SO NECESS>Y TO RETA9 ! UTMO/ CL>ITY1 COH]5CE1 & PURPOSEFULNESS ?AT IS REQUIR$ ( \R ]A4 ,9 A SOCIETY ?AT HAS MADE SURVIVAL1 ADAPTATION1 & CO-EXI/5CE A MODE ( DOM9ATION & ANNIHILATION1 !RE CAN BE NO COMPROMISES ) CONTRADICTIONS -- ',ONLY !IR TOTAL RESOLUTION 9 A NEW ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OR ! 9EVITABILITY ( HOPELESS SURR5D]4  
  

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