,*APT] #c 
,AN ,OP5 ,LETT] TO ! ,ECOLOGICAL ,MOVEM5T 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,MURRAY ,BOOK*9 

,TEXT 3 

,AN OP5 LETT] TO ! ,ECOLOGICAL ,MOVEM5T 

  

,) ! OP5+ ( ! EI<TIES1 ! ECOLOGY MOVEM5T 9 BO? ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES & ,EUROPE IS FAC$ ) A S]I\S CRISIS4 ,?IS CRISIS IS LIT]ALLY ONE ( ITS ID5TITY & GOALS1 A CRISIS ?AT PA9FULLY *ALL5GES ! MOVEM5T'S CAPACITY TO FULFILL ITS RI* PROMISE ( ADVANC+ ALT]NATIVES TO ! DOM9E]+ S5SIBILITY1 ! HI]>*ICAL POLITICAL & ECONOMIC 9/ITUTIONS1 & ! MANIPULATIVE /RATEGIES = SOCIAL *ANGE ?AT HAVE PRODUC$ ! CATA/ROPHIC SPLIT BETWE5 HUMANITY & NATURE4 

,TO SPEAK BLUNTLY3 ! COM+ DECADE MAY WELL DET]M9E :E!R ! ECOLOGY MOVEM5T WILL BE R$UC$ TO A DECORATIVE APP5DAGE ( AN 9H]5TLY DISEAS$1ANTI-ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY1 A SOCIETY RIDDL$ BY AN UNBRIDL$ NE$ = CONTROL1 DOM9ATION & EXPLOITATION ( HUMANITY & NATURE -- OR1 HOPEFULLY1 :E!R ! ECOLOGY MOVEM5T WILL BECOME ! GR[+ $UCATIONAL >5A = A NEW ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY BAS$ ON MUTUAL AID1 DEC5TRALIZ$ COMMUNITIES1 A PEOPLE'S TE*NOLOGY1 & NON-HI]>*ICAL1 LIB]T>IAN RELATIONS ?AT WILL YIELD NOT ONLY A NEW H>MONY BETWE5 HUMAN & HUMAN1 BUT BETWE5 HUMANITY & NATURE4 

,P]HAPS IT MAY SEEM PRESUMPTU\S = A S+LE 9DIVIDUAL TO ADDRESS HIMSELF TO A SIZABLE CON/ITU5CY ( PEOPLE :O HAVE C5T]$ !IR ACTIVITIES >\ND ECOLOGICAL CONC]NS4 ,BUT MY CONC]N = ! FUTURE ( ! ECOLOGY MOVEM5T IS NOT AN IMP]SONAL OR EPHEM]AL ONE4 ,= NE>LY ?IRTY YE>S ,I HAVE WRITT5 EXT5SIVELY ON \R GR[+ ECOLOGICAL DISLOCATIONS4 ,!SE WRIT+S HAVE BE5 RE9=C$ BY MY ACTIVITIES AGA9/ ! GR[+ USE ( PE/ICIDES & FOOD ADDITIVES AS E>LY AS #a#i#e#b1 ! PROBLEM ( NUCLE> FALL\T ?AT SURFAC$ ) ! FIR/ HYDROG5 BOMB TE/ 9 ! ,PACIFIC 9 #a#i#e#d1 ! RADIOACTIVE POLLUTION ISSUE ?AT EM]G$ ) ! ,W9DSCALE NUCLE> REACTOR 09CID5T0 9 #a#i#e#f1 & ,CON ,$ISON'S ATTEMPT TO CON/RUCT ! WORLD'S L>GE/ NUCLE> REACTOR 9 ! V]Y HE>T ( ,NEW ,YORK ,CITY 9 #a#i#f#c4 ,S9CE !N1 ,I HAVE BE5 9VOLV$ 9 ANTI-NUKE ALLIANCES SU* AS ,CLAM%ELL & ,%AD1 NOT TO SPEAK ( !IR PR$ECESSORS ,ECOLOGY ,ACTION ,EA/1 :OSE MANIFE/O1 ,! ,P[] TO ,DE/ROY1 ,! ,P[] TO ,CREATE1 ,I WROTE 9 #a#i#f#i1 & ! ,CITIZ5S ,COMMITTEE ON ,RADIATION ,9=MATION1 :I* PLAY$ A CRUCIAL ROLE 9 /OPP+ ! ,RAV5SWOOD REACTOR 9 #a#i#f#c4 ,H5CE1 ,I CAN H>DLY BE DESCRIB$ AS AN 9T]LOP] OR NEWCOM] TO ! ECOLOGY MOVEM5T4 ,MY REM>KS 9 ?IS LETT] >E ! PRODUCT ( A V]Y EXT5SIVE EXP]I5CE AS WELL AS MY 9DIVIDUAL CONC]N = IDEAS ?AT HAVE CLAIM$ MY ATT5TION = DECADES4 

,IT IS MY CONVICTION ?AT MY WORK & EXP]I5CE 9 ALL ( !SE >EAS W\LD MEAN V]Y LITTLE IF !Y W]E LIMIT$ M]ELY TO ! ISSUES !MSELVES1 H[EV] IMPORTANT EA* ONE MAY BE 9 ITS [N RI<T4 0,NO ,NUKES10 OR = ?AT MATT]1 NO FOOD ADDITIVES1 NO AGRIBUS9ESS1 OR NO NUCLE> BOMBS IS SIMPLY NOT 5\< IF \R HORIZON IS LIMIT$ TO EA* ONE ISSUE ALONE4 ,( EQUAL IMPORTANCE IS ! NE$ TO REVEAL ! TOXIC SOCIAL CAUSES1 VALUES1 & 9HUMAN RELATIONS ?AT HAVE CREAT$ A PLANET :I* IS ALREADY VA/LY POISON$4 

,ECOLOGY1 9 MY VIEW1 HAS ALWAYS MEANT SOCIAL ECOLOGY3 ! CONVICTION ?AT ! V]Y CONCEPT ( DOM9AT+ NATURE /EMS FROM ! DOM9ATION ( HUMAN BY HUMAN1 9DE$1 ( WOM5 BY M51 ( ! Y\NG BY !IR ELD]S1 ( ONE E?NIC GR\P BY ANO!R1 ( SOCIETY BY ! /ATE1 ( ! 9DIVIDUAL BY BUREAUCRACY1 AS WELL AS ( ONE ECONOMIC CLASS BY ANO!R OR A COLONIZ$ PEOPLE BY A COLONIAL P[]4 ,TO MY ?9K+1 SOCIAL ECOLOGY HAS TO BEG9 ITS QUE/ = FRE$OM NOT ONLY 9 ! FACTORY BUT ALSO 9 ! FAMILY1 NOT ONLY 9 ! ECONOMY BUT ALSO 9 ! PSY*E1 NOT ONLY 9 ! MAT]IAL CONDITIONS ( LIFE BUT ALSO 9 ! SPIRITUAL ONES4 ,)\T *ANG+ ! MO/ MOLECUL> RELATION%IPS 9 SOCIETY -- NOTABLY1 ?OSE BETWE5 M5 & WOM51 ADULTS & *ILDR51 :ITES & O!R E?NIC GR\PS1 HET]OSEXUALS & GAYS 7! LI/1 9 FACT1 IS CONSID]ABLE7 -- SOCIETY WILL BE RIDDL$ BY DOM9ATION EV5 9 A SOCIALI/IC 0CLASSLESS0 & 0NONEXPLOITATIVE0 =M4 ,IT W\LD BE 9FUS$ BY HI]>*Y EV5 AS IT CELEBRAT$ ! DUBI\S VIRTUES ( 0PEOPLE'S DEMOCRACIES10 0SOCIALISM0 & ! 0PUBLIC [N]%IP0 ( 0NATURAL RES\RCES40 ,& AS LONG AS HI]>*Y P]SI/S1 AS LONG AS DOM9ATION ORGANIZES HUMANITY >\ND A SY/EM ( ELITES1 ! PROJECT ( DOM9AT+ NATURE WILL CONT9UE TO EXI/ & 9EVITABLY LEAD \R PLANET TO ECOLOGICAL EXT9CTION4 

,! EM]G5CE ( ! WOM5'S MOVEM5T1 EV5 MORE SO ?AN ! C\NT]CULTURE1 ! 0APPROPRIATE0 TE*NOLOGY CRUSADE & ! ANTI-NUKE ALLIANCES 7,I WILL OMIT ! CLEAN-UP ESCAPADES ( 0,E>? ,DAY071 PO9TS TO ! V]Y HE>T ( ! HI]>*ICAL DOM9ATION ?AT UND]P9S \R ECOLOGICAL CRISIS4 ,ONLY 9S(> AS A C\NT]CULTURE1 AN ALT]NATE TE*NOLOGY OR ANTI-NUKE MOVEM5T RE/S ON ! NON-HI]>*ICAL S5SIBILITIES & /RUCTURES ?AT >E MO/ EVID5T 9 ! TRULY RADICAL T5D5CIES 9 FEM9ISM CAN ! ECOLOGY MOVEM5T REALIZE ITS RI* POT5TIAL = BASIC *ANGES 9 \R PREVAIL+ ANTI-ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY & ITS VALUES4 ,ONLY 9S(> AS ! ECOLOGY MOVEM5T CONSCI\SLY CULTIVATES AN ANTI-HI]>*ICAL & A NON-DOM9E]+ S5SIBILITY1 /RUCTURE1 & /RATEGY = SOCIAL *ANGE CAN IT RETA9 ITS V]Y ID5TITY AS ! VOICE = A NEW BALANCE BETWE5 HUMANITY & NATURE & ITS GOAL = A TRULY ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY4 

,?IS ID5TITY & ?IS GOAL IS N[ FAC$ ) S]I\S ]OSION4 ,ECOLOGY IS N[ FA%IONABLE1 9DE$1 FADDI% -- & ) ?IS SLEAZY POPUL>ITY HAS EM]G$ A NEW TYPE ( 5VIRONM5TALI/ HYPE4 ,FROM AN \TLOOK & MOVEM5T ?AT AT LEA/ HELD ! PROMISE ( *ALL5G+ HI]>*Y & DOM9ATION HAVE EM]G$ A =M (  
5VIRONM5TALISM ?AT IS BAS$ MORE ON T9K]+ ) EXI/+ 9/ITUTIONS1 SOCIAL RELATIONS1 TE*NOLOGIES1 & VALUES ?AN ON *ANG+ !M4 ,I USE ! WORD 05VIRONM5TALISM0 TO CONTRA/ IT ) ECOLOGY1 SPECIFICALLY ) SOCIAL ECOLOGY4 ,:]E SOCIAL ECOLOGY1 9 MY VIEW1 SEEKS TO ELIM9ATE ! CONCEPT ( ! DOM9ATION ( NATURE BY HUMANITY BY ELIM9AT+ ! DOM9ATION ( HUMAN BY HUMAN1 5VIRONM5TALISM REFLECTS AN 09/RUM5TALI/0 OR TE*NICAL S5SIBILITY 9 :I* NATURE IS VIEW$ M]ELY AS A PASSIVE HABITAT1 AN AGGLOM]ATION ( EXT]NAL OBJECTS & =CES1 ?AT MU/ BE MADE MORE 0S]VICEABLE0 = HUMAN USE1 IRRESPECTIVE ( :AT !SE USES MAY BE4 ,5VIRONM5TALISM1 9 FACT1 IS MQRELY 5VIRONM5TAL 5G9E]+4 ,IT DOES NOT BR+ 9TO QUE/ION ! UND]LY+ NOTIONS ( ! PRES5T SOCIETY1 NOTABLY ?AT MAN MU/ DOM9ATE NATURE4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 IT SEEKS TO FACILITATE ?AT DOM9ATION BY DEVELOP+ TE*NIQUES = DIM9I%+ ! HAZ>DS CAUS$ BY DOM9ATION4 ,! V]Y NOTIONS ( HI]>*Y & DOM9ATION >E OBSCUR$ BY A TE*NICAL EMPHASIS ON 0ALT]NATIVE0 P[] S\RCES1 /RUCTURAL DESIGNS = 0CONS]V+0 5]GY1 0SIMPLE0 LIFE/YLES 9 ! NAME ( 0LIMITS TO GR[?0 ?AT N[ REPRES5T AN 5ORM\S GR[? 9DU/RY 9 ITS [N RI<T -- &1 ( C\RSE1 A MU%ROOM+ ( 0ECOLOGY0-ORI5T$ C&IDATES = POLITICAL (FICE & 0ECOLOGY0-ORI5T$ P>TIES ?AT >E DESIGN$ NOT ONLY TO 5G9E] NATURE BUT ALSO PUBLIC OP9ION 9TO AN ACCOMMODAT+ RELATION%IP ) ! PREVAIL+ SOCIETY4 

,NA?AN ,GLAZ]'S 0ECOLOGICAL0 #b#d-SQU>E-MILE SOL> SATELLITE1 ,O',NEIL'S 0ECOLOGICAL0 SPACE%IPS1 & ! ,D,O,E'S GIANT 0ECOLOGICAL0 W9DMILLS1 TO CITE ! MORE BLATANT EXAMPLES ( ?IS 5VIRONM5TALI/S M5TALITY1 >E NO MORE 0ECOLOGICAL0 ?AN NUCLE> P[] PLANTS OR AGRIBUS9ESS4 ,IF ANY?+1 !IR 0ECOLOGICAL0 PRET5SIONS >E ALL ! MORE DANG]\S BECAUSE !Y >E MORE DECEPTIVE & DISORI5T+ TO ! G5]AL PUBLIC4 ,! HOOPLA AB\T A NEW 0,E>? ,DAY0 OR FUTURE 0,SUN ,DAYS0 OR 0,W9D ,DAYS10 LIKE ! PI\S RHETORIC ( FA/-TALK+ SOL> CONTRACTORS & PAT5T -- HUNGRY 0ECOLOGICAL0 9V5TORS1 CONCEAL ! ALL-IMPORTANT FACT ?AT SOL> 5]GY1 W9D P[]1 ORGANIC AGRICULTURE1 HOLI/IC HEAL?1 & 0VOLUNT>Y SIMPLICITY0 WILL ALT] V]Y LITTLE 9 \R GROTESQUE IMBALANCE ) NATURE IF !Y LEAVE ! PATRI>*AL FAMILY1 ! MULT9ATIONAL CORPORATION1 ! BUREAUCRATIC & C5TRALIZ$ POLITICAL /RUCTURE1 ! PROP]TY SY/EM1 & ! PREVAIL+ TE*NOCRATIC RATIONALITY UNT\*$4 ,SOL> P[]1 W9D P[]1 ME?ANE1 & GEO!RMAL P[] >E M]ELY P[] 9S(> AS ! DEVICES = US+ !M >E NE$LESSLY COMPLEX1 BUREAUCRATICALLY CONTROLL$1 CORPORATELY [N$ OR 9/ITUTIONALLY C5TRALIZ$4 ,ADMITT$LY1 !Y >E LESS DANG]\S TO ! PHYSICAL HEAL? ( HUMAN BE+S ?AN P[] D]IV$ FROM NUCLE> & FOSSIL FUELS1 BUT !Y >E CLE>LY DANG]\S TO ! SPIRITUAL1 MORAL & SOCIAL HEAL? ( HUMANITY IF !Y >E TREAT$ M]ELY AS TE*NIQUES ?AT DO NOT 9VOLVE NEW RELATIONS BETWE5 PEOPLE & NATURE & )9 SOCIETY ITSELF4 ,! DESIGN]1 ! BUREAUCRAT1 ! CORPORATE EXECUTIVE1 & ! POLITICAL C>E]I/ DO NOT 9TRODUCE ANY?+ NEW OR ECOLOGICAL 9 SOCIETY OR 9 \R S5SIBILITIES T[>D NATURE & PEOPLE BECAUSE !Y ADOPT 0S(T 5]GY 4PA?S10 LIKE ALL 0TE*NOTWITS0 7TO USE ,AMORY ,LOV9S' DESCRIPTION ( HIMSELF 9 A P]SONAL CONV]SATION ) ME71 !Y M]ELY CU%ION OR CONCEAL ! DANG]S TO ! BIOSPH]E & TO HUMAN LIFE BY PLAC+ ECOLOGICAL TE*NOLOGIES 9 A /RAITJACKET ( HI]>*ICAL VALUES RA!R ?AN BY *ALL5G+ ! VALUES & ! 9/ITUTIONS !Y REPRES5T4 

,BY ! SAME TOK51 EV5 DEC5TRALIZATION BECOMES MEAN+LESS IF IT D5OTES LOGI/ICAL ADVANTAGES ( SUPPLY & RECYCL+ RA!R ?AN HUMAN SCALE4 ,IF \R GOAL 9 DEC5TRALIZ+ SOCIETY 7OR1 AS ! 0ECOLOGY0-ORI5T$ POLITICIANS LIKE TO PUT IT1 /RIK+ A 0BALANCE0 BETWE5 0DEC5TRALIZATION0 & 0C5TRALIZATION07 IS 9T5D$ TO ACQUIRE 0FRE% FOOD0 OR TO'0RECYCLE WA/ES0 EASILY OR TO R$UCE 0TRANSPORTATION CO/S0 OR TO FO/] 0MORE0 POPUL> CONTROL 7NOT1 BE IT NOT$1 COMPLETE POPUL> CONTROL7 OV] SOCIAL LIFE1 DEC5TRALIZATION TOO IS DIVE/$ ( ITS RI* ECOLOGICAL & LIB]T>IAN MEAN+ AS A NETWORK ( FREE1 NATURALLY BALANC$ COMMUNITIES BAS$ ON DIRECT FACE-TO-FACE DEMOCRACY & FULLY ACTUALIZ$ SELVES :O CAN REALLY 5GAGE 9 ! SELF-MANAGEM5T & SELF-ACTIVITY SO VITAL = ! A*IEVEM5T ( AN ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY4 ,LIKE ALT]NATE TE*NOLOGY1 DEC5TRALIZATION IS R$UC$ TO A M]E TE*NICAL /RATAGEM = CONCEAL+ HI]>*Y & DOM9ATION4 ,! 0ECOLOGICAL0 VISION ( 0MUNICIPAL CONTROL ( P[]10 0NATIONALIZATION ( 9DU/RY10 NOT TO SPEAK ( VAGUE T]MS LIKE 0ECONOMIC DEMOCRACY10 MAY SEEM+LY RE/RICT UTILITIES & CORPORATIONS1 BUT LEAVES !IR OV]ALL CONTROL ( SOCIETY L>GELY UN*ALL5G$4 ,9DE$1 EV5 A NATIONALIZ$ CORPORATE /RUCTURE REMA9S A BUREAUCRATIC & HI]>*ICAL ONE4 

,AS AN 9DIVIDUAL :O HAS BE5 DEEPLY 9VOLV$ 9 ECOLOGICAL ISSUES = DECADES1 ,I AM TRY+ TO AL]T WELL-9T5TION$ ECOLOGICALLY ORI5T$ PEOPLE TO A PR(\NDLY S]I\S PROBLEM 9 \R MOVEM5T4 ,TO PUT MY CONC]NS 9 ! MO/ DIRECT =M POSSIBLE3 ,I AM DI/URB$ BY A WIDESPREAD TE*NOCRATIC M5TALITY & POLITICAL OPPORTUNISM ?AT ?REAT5S TO REPLACE SOCIAL ECOLOGY BY A NEW =M ( SOCIAL 5G9E]+4 ,= A TIME IT SEEM$ ?AT ! ECOLOGY MOVEM5T MI<T WELL FULFILL ITS LIB]T>IAN POT5TIAL AS A MOVEM5T = A NON-HI]>*ICAL SOCIETY4 ,RE9=C$ BY ! MO/ ADVANC$ T5D5CIES 9 ! FEM9I/1 GAY1 COMMUNITY & SOCIALLY RADICAL MOVEM5TS1 IT SEEM$ ?AT ! ECOLOGY MOVEM5T MI<T WELL BEG9 TO FOCUS ITS EF=TS ON *ANG+ ! BASIC /RUCTURE ( \R ANTI-ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY1 NOT M]ELY ON PROVID+ MORE PALATABLE TE*NIQUES = P]PETUAT+ IT OR 9/ITUTIONAL COSMETICS = CONCEAL+ ITS IRREM$IABLE DISEASES4 ,! RISE ( ! ANTI-NUKE ALLIANCES BAS$ ON A DEC5TRALIZ$ NETWORK ( AFF9ITY GR\PS1 ON A DIRECTLY DEMOCRATIC DECISION-MAK+ PROCESS1 & ON DIRECT ACTION SEEM$ TO SUPPORT ?IS HOPE4 ,! PROBLEM ?AT FAC$ ! MOVEM5T SEEM$ PRIM>ILY ONE ( SELF-$UCATION & PUBLIC $UCATION -- ! NE$ TO FULLY UND]/& ! MEAN+ ( ! AFF9ITY GR\P /RUCTURE AS A LA/+1 FAMILY-TYPE =M1 ! FULL IMPLICATIONS ( DIRECT DEMOCRACY1 ! CONCEPT ( DIRECT ACTION AS MORE ?AN A 0/RATEGY0 BUT AS A DEEPLY ROOT$ S5SIBILITY1 AN \TLOOK ?AT EXPRESSES ! FACT ?AT EV]YONE HAD ! RI<T TO TAKE DIRECT CONTROL ( SOCIETY & ( H] OR HIS EV]YDAY LIFE4 

,IRONICALLY1 ! OP5+ ( ! EI<TIES1 SO RI* 9 ITS PROMISE ( SWEEP+ *ANGES 9 VALUES & CONSCI\SNESS1 HAS ALSO SE5 ! EM]G5CE ( A NEW OPPORTUNISM1 ONE ?AT ?REAT5S TO R$UCE ! ECOLOGY MOVEM5T TO A M]E COSMETIC = ! PRES5T SOCIETY4 ,MANY SELF-/YL$ 0F\ND]S0 ( ! ANTI-NUKE ALLIANCES 7ONE ?9KS H]E ESPECIALLY ( ! ,CLAM%ELL ,ALLIANCE7 HAVE BECOME :AT ,&REW ,KOPK9D HAS DESCRIB$ AS 0MANAG]IAL RADICALS0 -- ! MANIPULATORS ( A POLITICAL CONS5SUS ?AT OP]ATES )9 ! SY/EM 9 ! V]Y NAME ( OPPOS+ IT4 

,! 0MANAG]IAL RADICAL0 IS NOT A V]Y NEW PH5OM5ON4 ,J]RY ,BR[N1 LIKE ! ,K5N$Y DYNA/Y1 HAS PRACTIC$ ! >T 9 ! POLITICAL FIELD = YE>S4 ,:AT IS /RIK+ AB\T ! CURR5T CROP IS ! EXT5T TO :I* 0MANAG]IAL RADICALS0 COME FROM IMPORTANT RADICAL SOCIAL MOVEM5TS ( ! SIXTIES &1 MORE SIGNIFICANTLY1 FROM ! ECOLOGY MOVEM5T ( ! SEV5TIES4 ,! RADICALS & IDEALI/S ( ! #a#i#cS REQUIR$ DECADES TO REA* ! MIDDLE-AG$ CYNICISM NE$$ = CAPITULATION1 & !Y HAD ! HONE/Y TO ADMIT IT 9 PUBLIC4 ,=M] MEMB]S ( ,S,D,S & ECOLOGY ACTION GR\PS CAPITULATE 9 !IR LATE Y\? OR E>LY MATURITY -- & WRITE !IR 0EMBITT]$0 BIOGRAPHIES AT #b#e1#c1 OR #ce YE>S ( AGE1 SPIC$ ) RATIONALIZATIONS = !IR SURR5D] TO ! /ATUS QUO4 ,TOM ,HAYD5 H>DLY REQUIRES MU* CRITICISM1 AS HIS >GUM5TS AGA9/ DIRECT ACTION AT ,SEABROOK LA/ FALL ATTE/4 ,P]HAPS WORSE IS ! EM]G5CE ( ,B>RY ,COMMON]'S 0,CITIZ5'S ,P>TY10 ( NEW F9ANCIAL 9/ITUTIONS LIKE ,M,U,S,E 7,MUSICIANS ,UNIT$ = ,SAFE ,5]GY71 & ! 0,VOLUNT>Y ,SIMPLICITY0 CELEBRATION ( A DUAL SOCIETY ( SW++1 JEANS-CLAD1 HI<-BR[ ELITI/S FROM ! MIDDLE CLASSES & ! CONV5TIONALLY CLAD1 CONSUM]-ORI5T$1 L[BR[ UND]DOGS FROM ! WORK+ CLASSES1 A DUAL SOCIETY G5]AT$ BY ! CORPORATE-F9ANC$ 0?9K TANKS0 ( ! ,/AN=D ,RESE>* ,9/ITUTE4 

,9 ALL ( !SE CASES1 ! RADICAL IMPLICATIONS ( A DEC5TRALIZ$ SOCIETY BAS$ ON ALT]NATE TE*NOLOGIES & CLOSELY KNIT COMMUNITIES >E %REWDLY PLAC$ 9 ! S]VICE ( A TE*NOCRATIC S5SIBILITY1 ( 0MANAG]IAL RADICALS10 & OPPORTUNI/IC C>E]I/S4 ,! GRAVE DANG] H]E LIES 9 ! FAILURE ( MANY IDEALI/IC 9DIVIDUALS TO DEAL ) MAJOR SOCIAL ISSUES ON !IR [N T]MS -- TO RECOGNIZE ! BLATANT 9COMPATIBILITIES ( GOALS ?AT REMA9 9 DEEP-SEAT$ CONFLICT ) EA* O!R1 GOALS ?AT CANNOT POSSIBLY COEXI/ )\T DELIV]+ ! ECOLOGY MOVEM5T TO ITS WOR/ 5EMIES4 ,MORE (T5 ?AN NOT1 !SE 5EMIES >E ITS 0LEAD]S0 & 0F\ND]S0 :O HAVE TRI$ TO MANIPULATE IT TO CON=M ) ! V]Y SY/EM & IDEOLOGIES ?AT BLOCK ANY SOCIAL OR ECOLOGICAL RECONCILIATION 9 ! =M ( AN ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY4 

,! LURE ( 09FLU5CE10 ( 0MA9/REAM POLITICS10 ( 0EFFECTIV5ESS0 /RIK+LY EXEMPLIFIES ! LACK ( COH]5CE & CONSCI\SNESS ?AT AFFLICTS ! ECOLOGY MOVEM5T TODAY4 ,AFF9ITY GR\PS1 DIRECT DEMOCRACY1 & DIRECT ACTION >E NOT LIKELY TO BE PALATABLE -- OR1 = ?AT MATT]1 EV5 COMPREH5SIBLE -- TO MILLIONS ( PEOPLE :O LIVE AS SOLOI/S 9 DISCO!QUES & S+LES B>S4 ,TRAGICALLY1 !SE MILLIONS HAVE SURR5D]$ !IR SOCIAL P[]1 9DE$1 !IR V]Y P]SONALITIES1 TO POLITICIANS & BUREAUCRATS :O LIVE 9 A NEXUS ( OB$I5CE & COMM& 9 :I* !Y >E NORMALLY EXPECT$ TO PLAY SUBORD9ATE ROLES4  
,YET ?IS IS PRECISELY ! IMM$IATE CAUSE ( ! ECOLOGICAL CRISIS ( \R TIME -- A CAUSE ?AT HAS ITS HI/ORIC ROOTS 9 ! M>KET SOCIETY ?AT 5GULFS US4 ,TO ASK P[]LESS PEOPLE TO REGA9 P[] OV] !IR LIVES IS EV5 MORE IMPORTANT ?AN TO ADD A COMPLICAT$1 (T5 9COMPREH5SIBLE1 & CO/LY SOL> COLLECTOR TO !IR H\SES4 ,UNTIL !Y REGA9 A NEW S5SE ( P[] OV] !IR LIVES1 UNTIL !Y CREATE !IR [N SY/EM ( SELF-MANAGEM5T TO OPPOSE ! PRES5T SY/EM ( HI]>*ICAL MANAGEM5T1 UNTIL !Y DEVELOP NEW ECOLOGICAL VALUES TO REPLACE CURR5T DOM9E]+ VALUES -- A PROCESS :I* SOL> COLLECTORS1 W9D MA*9ES1 & ,FR5*-9T5SIVE G>D5S CAN FACILITATE BUT NEV] REPLACE -- NO?+ !Y *ANGE 9 SOCIETY WILL YIELD A NEW BALANCE ) ! NATURAL WORLD4 

,OBVI\SLY1 P[]LESS PEOPLE WILL NOT EAG]LY ACCEPT AFF9ITY GR\PS1 DIRECT DEMOCRACY1 & DIRECT ACTION 9 ! NORMAL C\RSE ( EV5TS4 ,?AT !Y H>BOR BASIC IMPULSES :I* MAKE !M V]Y SUSCEPTIBLE TO !SE =MS & ACTIVITIES -- A FACT :I* ALWAYS SURPRISES ! 0MANAG]IAL RADICAL0 9 P]IODS ( CRISIS & CONFRONTATION -- REPRES5TS A POT5TIAL ?AT HAS YET TO BE FULLY REALIZ$ & FURNI%$ ) 9TELLECTUAL COH]5CE ?R\< PA9/AK+ $UCATION & REPEAT$ EXAMPLES4 ,IT WAS PRECISELY ?IS $UCATION & EXAMPLE ?AT C]TA9 FEM9I/ & ANTI-NUKE GR\PS BEGAN TO PROVIDE4 ,:AT IS SO 9CR$IBLY REGRESSIVE AB\T ! TE*NICAL ?RU/ & ELECTORAL POLITICS ( 5VIRONM5TAL TE*NOCRATS & 0MANAG]IAL RADICALS0 TODAY IS ?AT !Y RECREATE 9 ! NAME ( 0S(T 5]GY PA?S10 A SPECI\S 0DEC5TRALIZATION10 & 9H]5TLY HI]>*ICAL P>TY-TYPE /RUCTURES ! WOR/ =MS & HABITS ?AT FO/] PASSIVITY1 OB$I5CE & VULN]ABILITY TO ! MASS M$IA 9 ! ,AM]ICAN PUBLIC4 ,! SPECTATORIAL POLITICS PROMOT$ BY ,BR[N1 ,HAYD51 ,COMMON]1 ! ,CLAM%ELL 0F\ND]S0 LIKE ,WASS]MAN & ,LOVEJOY1 TOGE!R ) REC5T HUGE DEMON/RATIONS 9 ,WA%+TON & ,NEW ,YORK ,CITY BRE$  
MASSES1 NOT CITIZ5S -- ! MANIPULAT$ OBJECTS ( MASS M$IA :E!R IT IS US$ BY ,EXXON OR BY ! ,C,$ 7,CAMPAIGN = ,ECONOMIC ,DEMOCRACY71 ! ,CITIZ5'S ,P>TY1 & ,M,U,S,E4 

,ECOLOGY IS BE+ US$ AGA9/ AN ECOLOGICAL S5SIBILITY1 ECOLOGICAL =MS ( ORGANIZATION1 & ECOLOGICAL PRACTICES TO 0W90 L>GE CON/ITU5CIES1 NOT TO $UCATE !M4 ,! FE> ( 0ISOLATION10 ( 0FUTILITY10 ( 09EFFECTIV5ESS0 YIELDS A NEW K9D ( ISOLATION1 FUTILITY & 9EFFECTIV5ESS1 NAMELY1 A COMPLETE SURR5D] ( ONE'S MO/ BASIC IDEALS & GOALS4 0,P[]0 IS GA9$ AT ! CO/ ( LOS+ ! ONLY P[] WE REALLY HAVE ?AT CAN *ANGE ?IS 9SANE SOCIETY -- \R MORAL 9TEGRITY1 \R IDEALS1 & \R PR9CIPLES4 ,?IS MAY BE A FE/IVE OCCASION = C>E]I/S :O HAVE US$ ! ECOLOGY ISSUE TO ADVANCE !IR />DOM & P]SONAL =TUNES2 IT W\LD BECOME ! OBITU>Y ( A MOVEM5T ?AT HAS1 LAT5T )9 ITSELF1 ! IDEALS ( A NEW WORLD 9 :I* MASSES BECOME 9DIVIDUALS & NATURAL RES\RCES BECOME NATURE1 BO? TO BE RESPECT$ = !IR UNIQU5ESS & SPIRITUALITY4 

,AN ECOLOGICALLY ORI5T$ FEM9I/ MOVEM5T IS N[ EM]G+ & ! CONT\RS ( ! LIB]T>IAN ANTI-NUKE ALLIANCES /ILL EXI/4 ,! FUS+ ( ! TWO TOGE!R ) NEW MOVEM5TS ?AT >E LIKELY TO EM]GE FROM ! V>I$ CRISES ( \R TIMES MAY OP5 ONE ( ! MO/ EXCIT+ & LIB]AT+ DECADES ( \R C5TURY4 ,NEI!R SEXISM1 AGEISM1 E?NIC OPPRESSION1 ! 05]GY CRISIS10 CORPORATE P[]1 CONV5TIONAL M$IC9E1 BUREAUCRATIC MANIPULATION1 CONSCRIPTION1 MILIT>ISM1 URBAN DEVA/ATION OR POLITICAL C5TRALISM CAN BE SEP>AT$ FROM ! ECOLOGICAL ISSUE4 ,ALL ( !SE ISSUES TURN >\ND HI]>*Y & DOM9ATION1 ! ROOT CONCEPTIONS ( A RADICAL SOCIAL ECOLOGY4 

,IT IS NECESS>Y1 ,I BELIEVE1 = EV]YONE 9 ! ECOLOGY MOVEM5T TO MAKE A CRUCIAL DECISION3 WILL ! EI<TIES RETA9 ! VISION>Y CONCEPT ( AN ECOLOGICAL FUTURE BAS$ ON A LIB]T>IAN COMMITM5T TO DEC5TRALIZATION1 ALT]NATIVE TE*NOLOGY1 & A LIB]T>IAN PRACTICE BAS$ ON AFF9ITY GR\PS1 DIRECT DEMOCRACY1 & DIRECT ACTION8 ,OR WILL ! DECADE BE M>K$ BY A DISMAL RETREAT 9TO IDEOLOGICAL OBSCURANTISM & A 0MA9/REAM POLITICS0 ?AT ACQUIRES 0P[]0 & 0EFFECTIV5ESS0 BY FOLL[+ ! V]Y 0/REAM0 IT %\LD SEEK TO DIV]T8 ,WILL IT PURSUE FICTITI\S 0MASS CON/ITU5CIES0 BY IMITAT+ ! V]Y =MS ( MASS MANIPULATION1 MASS M$IA1 & MASS CULTURE IT IS COMMITT$ TO OPPOSE8 ,!SE TWO DIRECTIONS CANNOT BE RECONCIL$4 ,\R USE ( 0M$IA10 MOBILIZATIONS1 & ACTIONS MU/ APPEAL TO M9D & TO SPIRIT1 NOT TO CONDITION$ REFLEXES & %OCK TACTICS ?AT LEAVE NO ROOM = REASON & HUMANITY4 ,9 ANY CASE1 ! *OICE MU/ BE MADE N[1 BE=E ! ECOLOGY MOVEM5T BECOMES 9/ITUTIONALIZ$ 9TO A M]E APP5DAGE ( ! V]Y SY/EM :OSE /RUCTURE & ME?ODS IT PR(ESSES TO OPPOSE4 ,IT MU/ BE MADE CONSCI\SLY & DECISIVELY -- OR ! C5TURY ITSELF1 NOT ONLY ! DECADE1 WILL BE LO/ TO US =EV]4  
  

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