,TRUE & ,FALSE ,SOCIETY 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,WILLIAM ,MORRIS 

,TEXT 3 

      ,I HAVE BE5 ASK$ TO GIVE Y\ ! ,SOCIALI/ VIEW ( ! ,LABOR ,QUE/ION4 ,N[ 9 
      SOME WAYS ?AT IS A DIFFICULT MATT] TO DEAL ) - F> BEYOND MY 9DIVIDUAL 
      CAPACITIES - & W\LD ALSO BE A LONG BUS9ESS2 YET 9 ANO!R WAY1 AS A MATT] ( 
      PR9CIPLE1 IT IS NOT DIFFICULT TO UND]/& OR LONG TO TELL (1 & DOES NOT NE$ 
      PREVI\S /UDY OR ACQUA9TANCE ) ! WORKS ( SPECIALI/S OR PHILOSOPH]S4 
      ,9DE$1 IF IT DID1 IT W\LD NOT BE A POLITICAL SUBJECT1 & ,I HOPE TO %[ Y\ ?AT 
      IT IS PREEM95TLY POLITICAL 9 ! S5SE 9 :I* ,I %\LD USE ! WORD2 ?AT IS 
      TO SAY1 IT IS A MATT] :I* CONC]NS EV]YONE1 & HAD TO DO ) ! PRACTICAL 
      EV]YDAY RELATIONS ( HIS LIFE1 & ?AT NOT ONLY AS AN 9DIVIDUAL1 BUT AS A MEMB] 
      ( A BODY CORPORATE1 NAY1 AS A MEMB] ( ! GREAT CORPORATION - HUMANITY4 ,?US 
      CONSID]$1 IT W\LD BE H>D 9DE$ IF IT C\LD NOT BE UND]/OOD READILY BY A 
      P]SON ( ORD9>Y 9TELLIG5CE :O CAN BR+ HIS M9D TO BE> UPON IT )\T 
      PREJUDICE4 ,SU* A P]SON CAN LE>N ! BASIS ( ! OP9ION 9 EV5 AN H\R'S TALK1 
      IF ! MATT] BE CLE>LY PUT BE=E HIM4 ,IT IS MY TASK TO ATTEMPT ?IS2 & :E!R 
      ,I FAIL OR SUCCE$1 ,I CAN AT LEA/ PROMISE Y\ TO USE NO TE*NICAL PHRASES :I* 
      W\LD REQUIRE EXPLANATION2 NOR WILL ,I1 AS F> AS ,I CAN HELP1 GO 9TO ANY 
      SPECULATIVE MATT]1 BUT WILL BE AS PLA9 & PRACTICAL AS ,I CAN BE4 
     
     

      ,YET ,I MU/ W>N Y\ ?AT Y\ MAY BE DISAPPO9T$ :5 Y\ F9D ?AT ,I HAVE NO 
      ELABORATE PLAN1 NO DETAILS ( A NEW SOCIETY TO LAY BE=E Y\1 ?AT TO MY M9D TO 
      ATTEMPT ?IS W\LD BE PUTT+ BE=E Y\ A M]E DELUSION4 ,:AT ,I ASK Y\ TO 
      CONSID] IS 9 ! MA9 ! CLE>+ AWAY ( OB/ACLES ?AT /& 9 ! WAY ( ! 
      DUE & UNWA/EFUL USE ( LABOR - A TASK NOT LI<T 9DE$1 NOR TO BE ACCOMPLI%$ 
      )\T ! MO/ /R5U\S EF=T 9 ! TEE? ( VIOL5T RESI/ANCE1 BUT YET NOT 
      IMPOSSIBLE = HUMANITY AS WE KN[ IT1 & AS ,I FIRMLY BELIEVE NOT ONLY NECESS>Y1 
      BUT1 AS ?+S N[ >E1 ! ONE ?+ ESS5TIAL TO BE UND]TAK54 
     
     

      ,N[ Y\ ALL KN[ ?AT1 TAK+ MANK9D AS A :OLE1 IT IS NECESS>Y = MAN TO LABOR 
      9 ORD] TO LIVE4 ,C]TA9LY NOT ALL ?+S ?AT WE 5JOY >E ! WORKS ( MAN'S 
      LABOR2 ! BEAUTY ( ! E>?1 & ! ACTION ( NATURE ON \R S5SATIONS1 >E 
      ALWAYS H]E = US TO 5JOY1 BUT WE CAN ONLY DO SO ON ! T]MS ( \R KEEP+ 
      \RSELVES ALIVE & 9 GOOD CASE BY MEANS ( LABOR1 & NO 9V5TIONS CAN SET 
      ASIDE ?AT NECESSITY4 ,! M]E/ SAVAGE HAS TO PLUCK ! B]RY FROM ! TREE1 OR 
      DIG UP ! ROOT FROM ! GR\ND BE=E HE CAN 5JOY HIS DOG-LIKE SLEEP 9 SUN OR 
      %ADE2 & !RE >E NO SAVAGES :O HAVE NOT GOT BEYOND ?AT /AGE2 :ILE ! 
      PROGRESSIVE RACES ( MANK9D HAVE = MANY AGES GOT A V]Y LONG WAY BEYOND IT1 SO 
      ?AT WE HAVE NO RECORD ( ANY TIME :5 !Y HAD NOT =M$ SOME SORT ( SOCIETY1 
      :OSE AIM WAS TO MAKE ! /RUGGLE ) ,NATURE = SUBSI/5CE LESS H>D ?AN IT 
      O!RWISE W\LD HAVE BE51 TO W9 A MORE ABUNDANT LIVELIHOOD FROM H]4 
     
     

      ,WE CANNOT DEAL AT ANY L5G? ) ! HI/ORICAL DEVELOPM5T ( SOCIETY2 \R OBJECT 
      IS SIMPLY TO 9QUIRE 9TO ! CON/ITUTION ( ?AT F9AL DEVELOPM5T ( SOCIETY 
      UND] :I* WE LIVE4 ,BUT ONE MAY FIR/ ASK A FEW QUE/IONS3 - #a/1 ,S9CE ! 
      COMMUNITY G5]ALLY MU/ LABOR 9 ORD] ?AT ! 9DIVIDUALS COMPOS+ IT MAY 
      SUBSI/1 & LABOR H>D] 9 ORD] ?AT !Y MAY ATTA9 FUR!R ADVANTAGES1 \<T 
      NOT A REALLY SUCCESSFUL COMMUNITY SO TO >RANGE ?AT LABOR ?AT EA* CAPABLE 
      P]SON %\LD DO A FAIR %>E ( IT & NO MORE8 #bND1 ,%\LD NOT A REALLY 
      SUCCESSFUL COMMUNITY - E/ABLI%$ SURELY = ! B5EFIT ( ALL ITS MEMB]S - 
      >RANGE ?AT EV]YONE :O DID HIS DUE %>E ( LABOR %\LD HAVE HIS DUE %>E ( 
      ! WEAL? E>N$ BY ?AT LABOR8 #cRD1 ,IF ANY LABOR W]E WA/$1 SU* WA/E W\LD 
      ?R[ AN ADDITIONAL BURD5 ON ?OSE :O PRODUC$ :AT WAS NECESS>Y & PLEASANT TO 
      EXI/5CE4 ,%\LD NOT A SUCCESSFUL COMMUNITY1 !RE=E1 SO ORGANIZE ITS LABOR 
      ?AT IS %\LD NOT BE WA/$8 ,Y\ MU/ SURELY ANSW] ,YES TO EA* ( !SE ?REE 
      QUE/IONS4 ,I WILL ASS]T1 !N1 ?AT A SUCCESSFUL SOCIETY - A SOCIETY :I* 
      FULFILL$ ITS TRUE FUNCTIONS - W\LD TAKE C>E ?AT EA* DID HIS DUE %>E ( 
      LABOR1 ?AT EA* HAD HIS DUE %>E ( WEAL? RESULT+ FROM ?AT LABOR1 & ?AT 
      ! LABOR ( P]SONS G5]ALLY WAS NOT WA/$4 ,I ASK Y\ TO REMEMB] ?OSE ?REE 
      ESS5TIALS ( A SUCCESSFUL SOCIETY ?R\<\T ALL ?AT FOLL[S2 & TO LET ME APPLY 
      !M N[ AS A TE/ ( SUCCESS TO ! SOCIETY 9 :I* WE LIVE1 ! LATE/ 
      DEVELOPM5T ( SO MANY AGES ( ! /RUGGLE ) ,NATURE1 \R ELABORATE & 
      HI<LY-ORGANIZ$ CIVILIZATION4 
     
     

      ,9 \R SOCIETY1 DOES EA* CAPABLE P]SON DO HIS FAIR %>E ( LABOR8 ,IS HIS %>E 
      ( ! WEAL? PRODUC$ PROPORTIONATE TO HIS LABOR8 ,IS ! WA/E ( LABOR AVOID$ 
      9 \R SOCIETY8 
     
     

      ,Y\ MAY P]HAPS HESITATE 9 Y\R ANSW] TO ! ?IRD QUE/ION2 Y\ CANNOT HESITATE 
      TO SAY ,NO TO ! TWO FIR/4 ,I ?9K1 H[EV]1 ,I %ALL BE ABLE TO %[ Y\ ?AT MU* 
      LABOR IS WA/$1 & ?AT1 !RE=E1 \R SOCIETY FAILS 9 ! ?REE ESS5TIALS 
      NECESS>Y = A SUCCESSFUL SOCIETY4 ,\R CIVILIZATION1 !RE=E1 ?\< ELABORATE 
      & HI<LY ORGANIZ$1 IS A FAILURE2 ?AT IS1 SUPPOS+ IT TO BE ! F9AL 
      DEVELOPM5T ( SOCIETY1 AS SOME PEOPLE1 NAY1 MO/ PEOPLE1 SUPPOSE IT TO BE4 
     
     

      ,N[ A FEW WORDS AS TO ! C\RSE ( EV5TS :I* HAVE BR\<T US TO ! SOCIETY ( 
      ! PRES5T DAY4 ,9 P]IODS ALMO/ BE=E ! DAWN ( CONT9U\S HI/ORY ! E>LY 
      PROGRESSIVE RACES FROM :I* WE >E DESC5D$ W]E DIVID$ 9TO CLANS OR FAMILIES1 
      :O HELD !IR WEAL?1 SU* AS IT WAS1 9 COMMON )9 ! CLAN1 :ILE ALL \TSIDE 
      ! CLAN WAS HO/ILE1 & WEAL? NOT BELONG+ TO ! CLAN WAS LOOK$ UPON AS PRIZE 
      ( W>4 ,!RE WAS CONSEQU5TLY CONT9UAL FI<T+ ( CLAN ) CLAN1 & AT FIR/ 
      ALL 5EMIES TAK5 9 W> W]E SLA94 ,BUT AFT] A :ILE1 AS MAN PROGRESS$ & GOT 
      DEFT] ) HIS H&S1 & LE>N$ H[ TO MAKE MORE EFFECTIVE TOOLS1 IT BEGAN TO BE 
      F\ND \T ?AT1 SO WORK+1 EA* MAN C\LD DO MORE ?AN M]ELY SU/A9 HIMSELF2 & 
      !N SOME ( ! PRISON]S ( W>1 9/EAD ( BE+ SLA9 ON ! FIELD1 W]E MADE 
      SLAVES (2 !Y HAD BECOME VALUABLE = WORK1 LIKE HORSES4 ,\T ( ! WORK !Y 
      PRODUC$ !IR MA/]S OR [N]S GAVE !M SU/5ANCE 5\< TO LIVE ON1 & TOOK 
      ! RE/ = !MSELVES4 ,TIME PASS$1 & ! COMPLEXITY ( SOCIETY GREW2 ! E>LY 
      B>B>ISM PASS$ ?R\< MANY /AGES 9TO ! ANCI5T CIVILIZATIONS ( :I* ,GREECE 
      & ,ROME W]E ! GREAT REPRES5TATIVES2 BUT ?IS CIVILIZATION WAS /ILL F\ND$ ON 
      SLAVE-LABOR4 ,MO/ ( ITS WEAL? WAS CREAT$ BY M5 :O C\LD BE SOLD 9 ! M>KET 
      LIKE CATTLE4 ,BUT AS ! OLD CIVILIZATIONS BEGAN TO DECAY1 ?IS SLAVE-LABOR BECAME 
      UNPR(ITABLE2 ! C\NTRIES COMPRIS$ 9 ! ,ROMAN ,EMPIRE W]E DI/URB$ BY 
      CON/ANT W>2 ! GOV]NM5TS1 BO? C5TRAL & PROV9CIAL1 BECAME M]E 
      TAX-GA!R+ MA*9ES1 & GREW SO GRE$Y ?AT ?+S BECAME UNBE>ABLE4 ,SOCIETY 
      BECAME A M]E PRETEXT = TAX-GA!R+1 & FELL TO PIECES1 & *ATTEL SLAV]Y 
      FELL ) IT1 S9CE UND] ALL !SE CIRCUM/ANCES SLAVES W]E NO LONG] VALUABLE4 
     
     

      ,!N CAME ANO!R *ANGE4 ,A NEW SOCIETY WAS =M$1 P>TLY \T ( ! TRIBES ( 
      B>B>IANS :O HAD 9VAD$ ! ,ROMAN ,EMPIRE1 & P>TLY \T ( ! FRAGM5TS ( 
      ?AT EMPIRE ITSELF2 ! FEUDAL SY/EM >OSE1 BE>+ ) IT NEW IDEAS1 :I* ,I 
      HAVE NOT TIME TO DEAL ) H]E & N[4 ,SUFFICE IT TO SAY ?AT 9 ITS E>LY DAYS 
      M]E *ATTEL SLAV]Y GAVE PLACE TO S]FDOM4 ,P[]FUL M51 PRIVILEG$ M51 HAD NOT 
      =GOTT5 ?AT M5 CAN PRODUCE MORE BY A DAY'S LABOR ?AN WILL KEEP !M ALIVE = 
      A DAY2 SO N[ !Y SETTL$ !IR LABOR]S ON C]TA9 PORTIONS ( L&1 /OCK$ 
      !IR L& ) !M1 9 FACT1 & ON !SE L&S !Y HAD LEAVE TO LIVE AS WELL AS 
      !Y MI<T ON ! CONDITION ?AT !Y %\LD WORK A C]TA9 P>T ( !IR TIME ON 
      ! L& :I* BELONG$ TO !IR LORDS4 ,! AV]AGE CONDITION ( !SE S]FS WAS 
      BETT] ?AN ?AT ( ! *ATTEL SLAVES4 ,!Y C\LD NOT BE B\<T & SOLD 
      P]SONALLY1 !Y W]E A P>T ( ! MANOR ON :I* !Y LIV$1 & !Y HAD AS A 
      CLASS A T5D5CY TO BECOME T5ANTS BY V>I\S PROCESSES4 ,9 ONE WAY OR ANO!R 
      !SE S]FS GOT GRADUALLY EMANCIPAT$1 & DUR+ A TRANSITIONAL P]IOD1 LA/+ 
      ?R\< ! TWO LA/ C5TURIES ( ! ,MIDDLE ,AGES1 ! F\RTE5? & FIFTE5? 
      C5TURIES1 ! LABOR CLASSES W]E 9 A F> BETT] POSITION ?AN !Y HAD BE5 
      BE=E1 & 9 SOME WAYS ?AN !Y HAVE BE5 S9CE2 SUFF]+ MORE FROM SPASMODIC 
      >BITR>Y VIOL5CE ?AN FROM *RONIC LEGAL OPPRESSION4 ,! TRANSITION FROM ?IS 
      P]IOD TO \R [N DAYS IS ONE ( ! MO/ 9T]E/+ *APT]S ( HI/ORY2 BUT IT 
      IS IMPOSSIBLE = ME TO T\* ON IT H]E4 ,ALL ,I CAN SAY IS ?AT ! EMANCIPAT$ 
      S]FS =M$ ONE ( ! ELEM5TS ?AT W5T TO MAKE UP \R PRES5T MIDDLE CLASS1 & 
      ?AT A NEW CLASS ( WORK]S GREW UP B5EA? !M3 M5 :O W]E NOT [N$ BY ANYONE1 
      :O W]E B\ND BY NO LEGAL TIES TO SU* & SU* A MANOR1 :O MI<T E>N :AT 
      LIVELIHOOD !Y C\LD = !MSELVES UND] C]TA9 CONDITIONS1 :I* ,I WILL 
      PRES5TLY TRY TO LAY BE=E Y\1 & :I* >E MO/ IMPORTANT TO BE CONSID]$2 = 
      ?IS NEW CLASS ( SO-CALL$ FREE LABOR]S HAS BECOME \R MOD]N WORK+ CLASS4 
     
     

      ,N[ IT WILL BE CLE> TO Y\1 SURELY1 H[ MU* & H[ GRIEV\SLY BO? ! CLASSICAL 
      P]IOD1 ) ITS *ATTEL SLAV]Y1 & ! FEUDAL SY/EM1 ) ITS S]FDOM1 FELL 
      %ORT ( ! SOCIETY :I* WE HAVE SET BE=E US AS REASONABLY SUCCESSFUL4 ,9 EA* 
      ( !M !RE WAS A CLASS OBVI\SLY FRE$ FROM ! NECESSITY ( LABOR BY MEANS ( 
      ! DEGRADATION ( ANO!R CLASS :I* LABOR$ EXCESSIVELY & REAP$ BUT A SMALL 
      REW>D = ITS EXCESSIVE LABOR4 ,SURELY !RE WAS SOME?+ RADICALLY WRONG 9 
      !SE TWO SOCIETIES4 ,FROM ! FACT ?AT LABOR IS NECESS>Y = MAN'S LIFE ON 
      E>?1 & ?AT ,NATURE YIELDS H] ABUNDANCE TO LABOR ONLY1 ONE W\LD BE 9CL9$ 
      TO D$UCE ! PROBABILITY ?AT HE :O WORK$ MO/ W\LD BE ! BE/ (F4 ,BUT 9 
      !SE SLAVE & S]F SOCIETIES ! REV]SE WAS ! CASE3 ! MAN ( LEISURELESS 
      TOIL LIV$ MIS]ABLY1 ! MAN :O DID NO?+ USEFUL LIV$ ABUNDANTLY4 ,!N1 AGA91 
      AS TO \R ?IRD TE/1 WAS !RE NO WA/E ( LABOR8 ,YES1 9DE$1 !RE WAS WA/E 
      MO/ GRIEV\S4 ,I HAVE SAID ?AT ! SLAVE-[N] OR ! LORD ( ! MANOR DID 
      NO?+ USEFUL1 & YET HE DID SOME?+2 HE WAS B\ND TO DO SOME?+1 = HE WAS 
      (T5 5]GETIC1 GIFT$1 FULL ( *>ACT]2 HE MADE W> CEASELESSLY1 CONSUM+ 
      !REBY ! WEAL? :I* HIS SLAVES OR HIS S]FS CREAT$1 & =C+ !M TO WORK 
      ! MORE GRIEV\SLY4 ,H]E WAS WA/E 5\<1 & LACK ( ORGANIZATION ( LABOR4 
     
     

      ,WELL1 ALL ?IS PEOPLE F9D NO GREAT DIFFICULTY 9 SEE+1 & FEW W\LD LIKE1 
      PUBLICLY AT LEA/1 TO CONFESS A REGRET = !SE CONDITIONS ( LABOR1 AL?\< 9 
      PRIVATE SOME M51 LESS HYPOCRITICAL ( MORE LOGICAL ?AN ! BULK ( REACTIONI/S1 
      ADMIT ?AT !Y CONSID] ! SOCIETY ( CULTIVAT$ M5 & *ATTEL SLAVES ! BE/ 
      POSSIBLE = WEAK HUMAN NATURE4 ,YET ?\< WE CAN SEE :AT HAS BE51 WE CANNOT SO 
      EASILY SEE :AT IS2 & ,I ADMIT ?AT IT IS ESPECIALLY H>D = PEOPLE 9 \R 
      CIVILIZATION1 ) ITS G5]AL FRE$OM FROM ! RUD] =MS ( VIOL5CE1 ITS 
      ORD]LY R\T9E LIFE1 &1 9 %ORT1 ALL ?AT TREM5D\S ORGANIZATION :OSE V]Y 
      P]FECTION ( CONT9UITY PREV5TS US FROM NOTIC+ IT - ,I SAY IT IS H>D = PEOPLE 
      UND] ! QUIET ORD] & EXT]NAL /ABILITY ( MOD]N SOCIETY TO NOTE ?AT MU* 
      ! SAME ?+ IS GO+ ON 9 ! RELATIONS ( EMPLOY]S TO ! EMPLOY$ AS W5T ON 
      UND] ! SLAVE SOCIETY ( ,A!NS OR UND] ! SELF-SU/A9$ B>ONAGE ( ! 
      ?IRTE5? C5TURY4 
     
     

      ,= ,I ASS]T ?AT ) US1 AS ) ! OLD] SOCIETIES1 ?OSE :O WORK H>DE/ F>E 
      ! WOR/2 ?OSE :O PRODUCE ! LEA/ GET ! MO/2 :ILE AS TO ! WA/E ( 
      LABOR ?AT GOES ON1 ! WA/E ( TIMES PA/ IS AS NO?+ COMP>$ ) :AT IS 
      WA/$ TO-DAY4 
     
     

      ,I MU/ N[ JU/IFY ?IS VIEW ( M9E1 &1 IF POSSIBLE1 GET Y\ TO AGREE ) IT BY 
      PO9T+ \T TO Y\ H[ SOCIETY AT ! PRES5T DAY IS CON/ITUT$4 
     
     

      ,N[1 AS ALWAYS1 !RE >E ONLY TWO ?+S ESS5TIAL TO ! PRODUCTION ( WEAL? - 
      LABOR1 & RAW MAT]IAL3 EV]YONE CAN LABOR :O IS NOT SICK OR 9 NONAGE1 
      !RE=E EV]YONE EXCEPT ?OSE1 IF HE CAN GET AT RAW MAT]IAL1 CAN PRODUCE WEAL?2 
      BUT )\T ?AT RAW MAT]IAL HE CANNOT PRODUCE ANY?+ - ANY?+1 ?AT IS1 ?AT 
      MAN CAN LIVE UPON2 & IF HE DOES NOT LABOR HE MU/ LIVE AT ! CO/ ( ?OSE ?AT 
      DO2 UNLESS1 !RE=E1 EV]YONE CAN GET AT ! RAW MAT]IAL & 9/RUM5TS ( 
      PRODUCTION1 ! COMMUNITY 9 G5]AL WILL BE BURD5$ BY ! EXP5SE ( SO MANY 
      USELESS M\?S1 & ! SUM ( ITS WEAL? WILL BE LESS ?AN IT \<T TO BE4 ,BUT 9 
      \R CIVILIZ$ SOCIETY TO-DAY ! RAW MAT]IAL & ! 9/RUM5TS ( PRODUCTION >E 
      MONOPOLIZ$ BY A COMP>ATIVELY SMALL NUMB] ( P]SONS1 :O WILL NOT ALL[ ! 
      G5]AL POPULATION TO USE !M = PRODUCTION ( WEAL? UNLESS !Y PAY !M 
      TRIBUTE = DO+ SO2 & S9CE !Y >E ABLE TO EXACT ?IS TRIBUTE1 !Y 
      !MSELVES >E ABLE TO LIVE )\T PRODUC+1 & CONSEQU5TLY >E A BURD5 ON 
      SOCIETY4 ,NOR >E !SE MONOPOLI/S CONT5T ) EXACT+ A B>E LIVELIHOOD FROM ! 
      PRODUC]S1 AS M]E VAGABONDS & PETTY ?IEVES DO2 !Y >E ABLE TO GET FROM ! 
      PRODUC]S 9 ALL CASES AN ABUNDANT LIVELIHOOD1 9CLUD+ MO/ ( ! 5JOYM5TS & 
      ADVANTAGES ( CIVILIZATION1 & 9 MANY CASES A POSITION ( SU* P[] ?AT !Y 
      >E PRACTICALLY 9DEP5D5T ( ! COMMUNITY & ALMO/ \T ( REA* ( ITS LAWS1 
      AL?\<1 9DE$1 ! GREAT] P>T ( ?OSE LAWS W]E MADE = ! PURPOSE ( 
      UPHOLD+ ?IS MONOPOLY2 & :]EV] NECESS>Y !Y DO N[ USE ! PHYSICAL =CE 
      :I*1 BY ONE MEANS OR ANO!R1 !Y HAVE UND] !IR CONTROL1 = SU* UPHOLD+4 
     
     

      ,!SE MONOPOLI/S1 OR CAPITALI/S1 AS ONE MAY CALL !M BROADLY 7= ,I WILL NOT AT 
      PRES5T DI/+UI% ! L& CAPITALI/S FROM ! MONEY CAPITALI/S71 >E 9 MU* 
      ! SAME POSITION AS ! SLAVE-[N]S ( ANCI5T ,GREECE & ,ROME1 OR ! 
      S]F-MA/]S ( ! ?IRTE5? C5TURY2 BUT !Y HAVE ?IS ADVANTAGE OV] !M1 
      ?AT ?\< REALLY !Y SU/A9 !IR POSITION BY M]E COMPULSION1 JU/ AS ! 
      E>LI] MA/]S DID1 ?AT COMPULSION IS NOT VISIBLE AS ! COMPULSION ( ! 
      E>LI] TIMES WAS2 & IT IS V]Y MU* !IR BUS9ESS TO PREV5T IT BECOM+ 
      VISIBLE1 AS MAY WELL BE IMAG9$4 ,BUT AS ,I AM AGA9/ MONOPOLY & 9 FAVOR ( 
      FRE$OM1 ,I MU/ TRY TO GET Y\ TO SEE IT1 S9CE SEE+ IT IS ! FIR/ /EP T[>DS 
      FEEL+ IT1 :I*1 9 ITS TURN1 IS SURE TO LEAD TO Y\R REFUS+ TO BE> IT4 
     
     

      ,I HAVE SPOK5 ( ! TRIBUTE :I* ! CAPITALI/S EXACT AS ! PRICE ( ! USE ( 
      ?OSE MEANS ( PRODUCTION :I* %\LD BE AS FREE TO ALL AS ! AIR WE BREA! IS1 
      S9CE !Y >E AS NECESS>Y TO \R EXI/5CE AS IT IS3 H[ DO !Y EXACT ! 
      TRIBUTE8 ,!Y >E1 TO />T )1 9 A GOOD POSITION1 Y\ SEE1 BECAUSE EV5 )\T 
      ANYONE'S HELP !Y C\LD USE ! LABOR-P[] 9 !IR [N BODIES ON ! RAW 
      MAT]IAL !Y HAVE1 & SO E>N !IR LIVELIHOOD2 BUT !Y >E NOT CONT5T$ ) 
      ?AT1 AS ,I H9T$ ABOVE - !Y >E NOT LIKELY TO BE1 BECAUSE !IR POSITION1 
      LEGALIZ$ & SUPPORT$ BY ! :OLE PHYSICAL =CE ( ! ,/ATE1 5ABLES !M 0TO 
      DO BETT] = !MSELVES10 AS ! PHRASE GOES2 !Y CAN USE ! LABOR-P[] ( ! 
      DIS9H]IT$1 & =CE !M TO KEEP !M )\T WORK+ = PRODUCTION4 ,?OSE 
      DIS9H]IT$1 H[EV]1 !Y MU/ KEEP ALIVE TO LABOR1 & !Y MU/ ALL[ !M 
      ALSO OPPORTUNITY = BRE$+ - !SE >E NECESSITIES ?AT PRESS$ EQUALLY ON ! 
      ANCI5T SLAVE-[N] OR ! M$IEVAL LORD ( ! MANOR1 OR1 9DE$1 ?AT PRESS ON 
      ! [N] ( DRAFT CATTLE2 !Y MU/ AT LEA/ DO = ! WORK]S AS MU* AS = A 
      MA*9E - SUPPLY !M ) FUEL TO 5ABLE !M TO WORK4 ,NOR NE$ !Y DO MORE IF 
      !Y >E DEAL+ ) M5 :O HAVE NO P[] ( RESI/ANCE4 ,BUT !SE MA*9ES >E 
      HUMAN ONES1 9/9CT ) DESIRES & PASSIONS1 & !RE=E1 !Y CANNOT HELP 
      TRY+ TO BETT] !MSELVES2 & !Y CANNOT BETT] !MSELVES EXCEPT AT ! 
      EXP5SE ( ! MA/]S1 BECAUSE :ATEV] !Y PRODUCE MORE ?AN ! B>E 
      NECESS>IES ( LIFE ! MA/]S WILL AT ONCE TAKE FROM !M IF !Y CAN2 !RE=E 
      !Y HAVE ALWAYS RESI/$ ! FULL EX]CISE ( ! PRIVILEGE ( ! MA/]S1 & 
      HAVE TRI$ TO RAISE !IR /&>D ( LIVELIHOOD ABOVE ! M]E SUBSI/5CE LIMIT4 
      ,!IR RESI/ANCE HAS TAK5 V>I\S =MS1 FROM PEACEFUL /RIKES TO OP5 W>1 BUT IT 
      HAS ALWAYS BE5 GO+ ON1 & ! MA/]S1 :5 NOT DRIV5 9TO A CORN]1 HAVE 
      (T5 YIELD$ TO IT1 AL?\< UNWILL+LY 5\<2 BUT IT MU/ BE SAID ?AT MO/LY 
      ! WORK]S HAVE CLAIM$ LITTLE MORE ?AN M]E SLAVES W\LD1 :O MI<T MUT9Y = A 
      BIGG] RATION4 ,=1 9 FACT1 ?IS WAGE PAID BY \R MOD]N MA/] IS NO?+ MORE 
      ?AN ! RATION ( ! SLAVE 9 ANO!R =M2 & :5 ! MA/]S HAVE PAID IT1 
      !Y >E FREE TO USE ALL ! RE/ ?AT ! WORK]S PRODUCE1 JU/ AS ! SLAVE-[N] 
      TAKES ALL ?AT ! SLAVE PRODUCES4 ,REMEMB] AT ?IS PO9T1 !RE=E1 ?AT 
      EV]Y?+ MORE ?AN B>E SUBSI/5CE :I* ! WORK]S GA9 TO-DAY !Y GA9 BY 
      C>RY+ ON CON/ANT W> ) !IR MA/]S4 ,I MU/ ADD ?AT !IR SUCCESS 9 ?IS 
      W> IS (T5 MORE APP>5T ?AN REAL2 ?AT TOO (T5 IT MEANS LITTLE MORE ?AN 
      %IFT+ ! BURD5 ( EXTREME POV]TY FROM ONE GR\P ( WORK]S TO ANO!R2 ! 
      UNSKILL$ LABOR]S1 ( :OM ! SUPPLY IS UNLIMIT$1 DO NOT GA9 BY IT1 & !IR 
      NUMB]S HAVE A T5D5CY TO 9CREASE1 AS ! MA/]S1 DRIV5 TO !IR %IFTS1 USE 
      MORE ELABORATE MA*9ES 9 ORD] TO DISP5SE ) SKILL$ LABOR1 & ALSO USE ! 
      AUXILI>Y LABOR ( WOM5 & *ILDR51 TO :OM !Y DO NOT PAY 
      SUBSI/5CE WAGES1 !REBY KEEP+ D[N ! WAGES ( ! HEAD ( ! FAMILY1 & 
      DEPRIV+ HIM & !M ( ! MUTUAL HELP & COM=T 9 ! H\SEHOLD :I* W\LD 
      O!RWISE BE GA9$ FROM !M4 
     
     

      ,?US1 !N1 ! CAPITALI/S1 BY MEANS ( !IR MONOPOLY ( ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION1 
      COMPEL ! WORK] TO WORK = LESS ?AN HIS DUE %>E ( ! WEAL? :I* HE 
      PRODUCES - ?AT IS1 = LESS ?AN HE PRODUCES4 ,HE MU/ WORK1 HE WILL DIE ELSE2 & 
      AS !Y >E 9 POSSESSION ( ! RAW MAT]IAL1 HE MU/ AGREE TO ! T]MS !Y 
      5=CE UPON HIM4 ,?IS IS ! 0FREE CONTRACT0 ( :I* WE HE> SO MU*1 & :I*1 
      TO SPEAK PLA9LY1 IS A CAPITALI/ LIE4 ,!RE IS NO WAY \T ( ?IS 0FRE$OM0 SAVE 
      REBELLION ( SOME K9D OR O!R3 /RIKE-REBELLION1 :I* IMPOV]I%ES ! WORK]S 
      = ! TIME1 :E!R !Y W9 ! /RIKE OR LOSE IT2 OR ! REBELLION ( OP5 
      REVOLT1 :I* WILL BE PUT D[N ALWAYS UNTIL IT IS ORGANIZ$ = A COMPLETE *ANGE 
      9 ! BASIS ( SOCIETY4 
     
     

      ,N[ TO %[ Y\ ANO!R L9K OR TWO ( ! *A9 :I* B9DS ! WORK]S4 ,!RE IS 
      ONE ?+ :I* HAMP]S ?IS CON/ANT /RUGGLE ( ! WORK]S T[>DS BETT]+ 
      !IR CONDITION AT ! EXP5SE ( !IR MA/]S1 & ?AT IS COMPETITION = 
      LIVELIHOOD AMONG !M4 ,I HAVE TOLD Y\ ?AT UNSKILL$ LABOR IS PRACTICALLY 
      UNLIMIT$2 & MA*9ES1 ! EMPLOYM5T ( WOM5 & *ILDR51 LONG H\RS ( WORK1 
      & ALL ?AT *EAP5+ ( PRODUCTION SO MU* BEPRAIS$ N[1 BR+ AB\T ?IS /ATE 
      ( ?+S1 ?AT EV5 9 ORD9>Y YE>S !RE >E MORE H&S ?AN !RE IS WORK TO 
      GIVE !M4 ,?IS IS ! GREAT 9/RUM5T ( COMPULSION ( MOD]N MONOPOLY2 PEOPLE 
      UND]SELL ONE ANO!R 9 \R MOD]N SLAVE-M>KET1 SO ?AT ! EMPLOY]S HAVE NO 
      NE$ TO USE ANY VISIBLE 9/RUM5T ( COMPULSION 9 DRIV+ !M T[>DS WORK2 & 
      ! 9VISIBILITY ( ?IS :IP1 ! FE> ( DEA? BY />VATION1 HAS SO MUDDL$ 
      PEOPLE'S BRA9S ?AT Y\ CAN HE> M51 O!RWISE 9TELLIG5T1 E4G41 
      ANSW]+ OBJECTIONS TO ! USELESSNESS ( SOME OCCUPATION BY SAY+1 0,BUT Y\ SEE 
      IT GIVES PEOPLE EMPLOYM5T10 AL?\< !Y W\LD SEE ?AT IF ?REE ( !M HAD TO 
      DIG A PIECE ( GR\ND1 & ONE ( !M KNOCK$ (F1 & WAS 0EMPLOY$0 9 ?R[+ 
      *UCKIE /ONES 9TO ! WAT]1 ! O!R TWO W\LD HAVE TO DO HIS %>E ( ! WORK 
      AS WELL AS !IR [N4 
     
     

      ,ANO!R 9VISIBLE L9K ( ! *A9 IS ?IS1 ?AT ! WORKMAN DOES NOT REALLY KN[ 
      HIS [N MA/]2 ! 9DIVIDUAL EMPLOY] MAY BE & (T5 IS ON GOOD T]MS ) HIS 
      M51 & REALLY UNCONSCI\S ( ! W> BETWE5 !M1 AL?\< HE CANNOT FAIL TO 
      KN[ ?AT IF HE PAYS MORE WAGES TO HIS M5 ?AN O!R EMPLOY]S 9 ! SAME L9E ( 
      BUS9ESS AS HIMSELF DO1 HE WILL BE BEAT5 BY !M4 ,BUT ! WORKMAN'S REAL MA/] IS 
      NOT HIS IMM$IATE EMPLOY] BUT HIS CLASS1 :I* WILL NOT ALL[ EV5 ! 
      BE/ 9T5TION$ EMPLOY] TO TREAT HIS M5 O!RWISE ?AN AS PR(IT-GR9D+ 
      MA*9ES4 ,BY HIS PR(IT1 MADE \T ( ! UNPAID LABOR ( HIS M51 ! MANUFACTUR] 
      MU/ LIVE1 UNLESS HE GIVES UP HIS POSITION & LE>NS TO WORK LIKE ONE ( HIS [N 
      M51 :I* 9DE$1 AS A RULE1 HE C\LD NOT DO1 AS HE HAS USUALLY NOT BE5 TAU<T TO 
      DO ANY USEFUL WORK2 !RE=E1 AS ,I HAVE SAID1 HE MU/ R$UCE HIS WAGES TO ! 
      L[E/ PO9T HE CAN1 S9CE IT IS ON ! M>G9 BETWE5 HIS M5'S PRODUCTION & 
      !IR WAGES ?AT HIS PR(IT DEP5DS2 HIS CLASS1 !RE=E1 COMPEL HIS WORKM5 TO 
      ACCEPT AS LITTLE AS POSSIBLE4 ,BUT FUR!R1 ! WORKMAN IS A CONSUM] AS WELL AS A 
      PRODUC]1 & 9 ?AT *>ACT] HE HAS NOT ONLY TO PAY R5T TO A L&LORD 7& F> 
      HEAVI] PROPORTIONATELY ?AN RI* PEOPLE HAVE TO PAY71 & ALSO A TRIBUTE TO ! 
      MIDDLE-MAN :O LIVES )\T PRODUC+1 & )\T DO+ S]VICE TO ! COMMUNITY1 
      BY PASS+ MONEY FROM ONE POCKET TO ANO!R2 BUT HE ALSO HAS TO PAY 7AS CONSUM]7 
      ! PR(ITS ( ! O!R MANUFACTUR]S :O SUP]9T5D ! PRODUCTION ( ! GOODS 
      HE US$4 ,AGA91 AS A M]E MEMB] ( SOCIETY1 A %\LD-BE CITIZ51 HAS HAD TO PAY 
      TAXES1 & A GREAT DEAL MORE ?AN HE ?9KS2 HE HAS TO PAY = W>S1 PA/1 PRES5T1 
      & FUTURE1 ?AT W]E & >E NEV] MEANT TO B5EFIT HIM1 BUT TO =CE M>KETS = 
      HIS MA/]S1 NAY1 TO KEEP HIM FROM REBELLION1 FROM TAK+ HIS [N AT SOME DATE2 HE 
      HAS ALSO TO PAY = ! ?\S& & ONE IDIOCIES ( P>LIAM5T>Y GOV]NM5T1 & 
      RIDICUL\S MON>*ICAL & (FICIAL /ATE2 = ! M\NTA9 ( PREC$5T1 NONS5SE1 
      & *ICAN]Y ) ITS SET ( (FICIALS1 :OSE BUS9ESS IT IS UND] ! 
      NAME ( LAW TO PREV5T JU/ICE BE+ DONE TO ANY ONE4 ,9 %ORT1 9 ONE WAY OR 
      ANO!R1 :5 HE HAS BY D9T ( CON/ANT LABOR GOT HIS WAGES 9TO HIS POCKET1 HE 
      HAS !M TAK5 AWAY FROM HIM AGA9 BY V>I\S OCCULT ME?ODS1 TILL IT COMES TO ?IS 
      AT LA/1 ?AT HE REALLY WORKS AN H\R = ONE-?IRD ( AN H\R'S PAY1 :ILE ! 
      TWO-?IRDS GO TO ?OSE :O HAVE NOT PRODUC$ ! WEAL? :I* !Y CONSUME4 
     
     

      ,H]E1 !N1 AS TO ! FIR/ & SECOND CONDITIONS ( A REASONABLE SOCIETY4 #a/1 
      ,?AT ! LABOR %\LD BE DULY APPORTION$4 #bND1 ,?AT ! WEAL? %\LD BE DULY 
      APPORTION$4 ,\R SOCIETY DOES NOT M]ELY FAIL 9 !M1 BUT POSITIVELY 9V]TS !M2 
      ) US ?OSE :O CONSUME MO/ PRODUCE LEA/2 ?OSE :O PRODUCE MO/ CONSUME LEA/4 
     
     

      ,!RE YET REMA9S SOME?+ TO BE SAID ON ! ?IRD CONDITION ( A FAIR /ATE ( 
      SOCIETY1 ?AT IT %\LD LOOK TO IT ?AT LABOR BE NOT WA/$4 ,H[ DOES CIVILIZATION 
      F>E 9 ?AT RESPECT8 ,I HAVE TOLD Y\ ?AT W> WAS ! OCCUPATION ( ! ANCI5T 
      SLAVEHOLD]S1 SET FREE BY SLAVE-LABOR FROM ! NECESSITY ( PRODUC+2 SIMIL>LY1 
      ! M$IEVAL B>ON1 SET FREE FROM ! NECESSITY ( PRODUC+ BY ! LABOR ( ! 
      S]FS1 :O TILL$ HIS L&S = HIM1 OCCUPI$ HIMSELF ) FI<T+ = MORE 
      S]F-TILL$ L& EI!R = HIMSELF OR HIS SUZ]A94 ,9 \R [N DAYS WE SEE ?AT 
      !RE IS A CLASS FRE$ FROM ! NECESSITY ( PRODUC+ BY ! TRIBUTE PAID BY ! 
      WAGE-E>N]S2 :AT DOES \R FREE CLASS DO1 H[ DOES IT OCCUPY ! 
      LIFE-LONG LEISURE :I* IT =CES TOIL TO YIELD TO IT8 
     
     

      ,WELL1 IT *IEFLY OCCUPIES ITSELF 9 W> LIKE ?OSE E>LI] NON-PRODUC+ CLASSES1 
      & V]Y BUSY IT IS OV] IT4 ,I KN[ 9DE$ ?AT !RE IS A C]TA9 POSITION ( ! 
      DOM9ANT CLASS ?AT DOES NOT PRET5D TO DO ANY?+ AT ALL1 EXCEPT P]HAPS A LITTLE 
      AMATEUR REACTION>Y LEGISLATION2 YET EV5 ( ?AT GR\P ,I HAVE HE>D ?AT SOME ( 
      !M >E V]Y BUSY 9 !IR E/ATE (FICES TRY+ TO MAKE ! MO/ ( !IR SPECIAL 
      PRIVILEGE1 ! MONOPOLY ( ! L&2 & TAK+ !M ALTOGE!R !Y >E NOT A V]Y 
      L>GE CLASS4 ,( ! RE/ SOME >E BUSY 9 TAX+ US & REPRESS+ \R LIB]TIES 
      DIRECTLY1 AS (FIC]S 9 ! >MY & NAVY1 MAGI/RATES1 JUDGES1 B>RI/]S1 & 
      LAWY]S2 !Y >E ! SAL>I$ (FIC]S ON ! P>T ( ! MA/]S 9 ! GREAT 
      CLASS /RUGGLE4 ,O!R GR\PS !RE >E1 AS >TI/S & LIT]>Y M51 DOCTORS1 
      S*OOLMA/]S1 ETC41 :O OCCUPY A MIDDLE POSITION BETWE5 ! PRODUC]S & 
      NON-PRODUC]S2 !Y >E DO+ USEFUL S]VICE1 & \<T TO BE DO+ IT = ! 
      COMMUNITY AT L>GE1 BUT PRACTICALLY !Y >E ONLY WORK+ = A CLASS1 & 9 !IR 
      PRES5T POSITION >E LITTLE BETT] ?AN HANG]S-ON ( ! NON-PRODUC+ CLASS1 FROM 
      :OM !Y RECEIVE A %>E ( !IR PRIVILEGE1 TOGE!R ) A K9D ( CONTEMPTU\S 
      RECOGNITION ( !IR POSITION AS G5TLEM5 - HEAV5 SAVE ! M>K6 ,BUT ! GREAT 
      MASS ( ! NON-PRODUC+ CLASSES >E C]TA9LY NOT IDLE 9 ! ORD9>Y S5SE ( 
      ! WORD2 !Y C\LD NOT BE1 = !Y 9CLUDE M5 ( GREAT 5]GY & =CE ( 
      *>ACT]1 :O W\LD1 AS ALL REASONABLE M5 DO1 9SI/ ON SOME S]I\S OR EXCIT+ 
      OCCUPATION2 & ,I SAY ONCE AGA9 !IR OCCUPATION IS W>1 ?\< IT IS 0WRIT 
      L>GE10 & CALL$ COMPETITION4 ,!Y >E1 IT IS TRUE1 CALL$ ORGANIZ]S ( LABOR2 
      & SOMETIMES !Y DO ORGANIZE IT1 BUT :5 !Y DO !Y EXPECT AN EXTRA REW>D = 
      SO DO+ \TSIDE !IR SPECIAL PRIVILEGE4 ,A GREAT MANY ( !M1 ?\< !Y >E 
      5GAG$ 9 ! W>1 SIT AT HOME AT EASE & LET !IR G5]ALS - !IR SAL>I$ 
      MANAG]S1 TO WIT - WAGE IT = !M4 ,I AM MEAN+ H]E %>EHOLD]S OR SLEEP+ 
      P>TN]S2 BUT :5EV] !Y >E ACTIVE 9 BUS9ESS !Y >E REALLY 5GAG$ 9 
      ORGANIZ+ ! W> ) !IR COMPETITORS1 ! CAPITALI/S 9 ! SAME L9E ( 
      BUS9ESS AS !MSELVES2 & IF !Y >E TO BE SUCCESSFUL 9 ?AT W>1 !Y MU/ NOT 
      BE SP>+ ( DE/RUCTION1 EI!R ( !IR [N OR O!R PEOPLE'S GOODS2 NAY1 !Y 
      NOT UNSELDOM >E PREP>$ TO FUR!R ! W> ( SUDD51 AS OPPOS$ TO ?AT ( 
      L+]+ DEA?1 & ( LATE YE>S !Y HAVE 9VOLV$ PRETTY NE>LY ! :OLE ( 
      ,EUROPE 9 ATTACKS ON B>B>IAN OR SAVAGE PEOPLES1 :I* >E ONLY DI/+UI%ABLE 
      FROM %E] PIRACY BY !IR BE+ C>RI$ ON BY NATIONS 9/EAD ( 9DIVIDUALS4 ,BUT 
      ALL ?AT IS ONLY BY ! WAY2 IT IS ! ORD9>Y & NECESS>Y \TCOME ( !IR 
      OP]ATIONS ?AT !RE %\LD BE P]IODICAL SLACKNESS ( TRADE FOLL[+ ON TIMES ( 
      9FLATION1 FROM ! FACT ?AT EV]YONE TRIES TO GET AS MU* AS HE CAN ( ! M>KET 
      TO HIMSELF AT ! EXP5SE ( EV]YONE ELSE1 SO ?AT SOON] OR LAT] ! M>KET IS 
      SURE TO BE OV]/OCK$1 SO ?AT W>ES >E SOLD SOMETIMES AT LESS ?AN ! CO/ ( 
      PRODUCTION1 :I* MEANS ?AT SO MU* LABOR HAS BE5 WA/$ ON !M BY 
      MISDIRECTION4 ,NOR IS ?AT ALL2 = !Y >E OBLIG$ TO KEEP AN >MY ( CL]KS & 
      SU* LIKE PEOPLE1 :O >E NOT NECESS>Y EI!R = ! PRODUCTION ( GOODS OR !IR 
      DI/RIBUTION1 BUT >E EMPLOY$ 9 SAFE-GU>D+ !IR MA/]S' 9T]E/S AGA9/ 
      !IR MA/]S' COMPETITORS4 ,! WA/E IS FUR!R 9CREAS$ BY ! NECESSITY ( 
      !SE ORGANIZ]S ( ! COMM]CIAL W> = PLAY+ ON ! IGNORANCE & GULLIBILITY 
      ( ! CONSUM]S BY TWO PROCESSES1 :I* 9 !IR P]FECTION >E SPECIALTIES ( 
      ! PRES5T C5TURY1 & EV51 IT MAY BE SAID1 ( ?IS LATT] HALF ( IT - TO WIT1 
      ADULT]ATION & PUFF]Y4 ,IT W\LD BE H>D TO SAY H[ MU* +5UITY & 
      PA9/AK+ HAVE BE5 WA/$ ON !SE 9CID5TS 9 ! W> ( COMM]CE1 & ,I AM 
      :OLLY UNABLE TO GET ANY /ATI/ICS ( !M3 BUT WE ALL KN[ ?AT AN 5ORM\S 
      AM\NT ( LABOR IS SP5T ON !M1 :I* IS AT ! V]Y BE/ AS MU* WA/$ AS IF 
      ?OSE 5GAG$ ON !M W]E EMPLOY$ 9 DIGG+ A HOLE & FILL+ IT UP AGA94 
     
     

      ,BUT FUR!R2 !RE IS YET ANO!R S\RCE ( WA/E 9VOLV$ 9 \R PRES5T SOCIETY4 
      ,! GROSSLY UNEQUAL DI/RIBUTION ( WEAL? =CES ! RI* TO GET RID ( !IR 
      SURPLUS MONEY BY MEANS ( V>I\S =MS ( FOLLY & LUXURY1 :I* MEANS FUR!R 
      WA/E ( LABOR4 ,DO NOT ?9K ,I AM ADVOCAT+ ASCETICISM4 ,I WI% US ALL TO MAKE ! 
      UTMO/ ( :AT WE CAN OBTA9 FROM ,NATURE TO MAKE US HAPPI] & MORE CONT5T$ 
      :ILE WE LIVE2 BUT AP>T FROM REASONABLE COM=T & REAL REF9EM5T1 !RE IS1 AS 
      ,I AM SURE NO ONE CAN D5Y1 A VA/ AM\NT ( %AM WEAL? & %AM S]VICE CREAT$ BY 
      \R MIS]ABLE SY/EM ( RI* & POOR1 :I* MAKES NO HUMAN BE+ ! HAPPI]1 ON 
      ! ONE H&1 :ILE ON ! O!R IT )DRAWS VA/ NUMB]S ( WORK]S FROM ! 
      PRODUCTION ( REAL UTILITIES1 & SO CA/S A HEAVY ADDITIONAL BURD5 ( LABOR ON 
      ?OSE :O >E PRODUC+ !M4 ,I HAVE BE5 SPEAK+ HI!RTO ( A PRODUC+ & A 
      NON-PRODUC+ CLASS1 BUT ,I HAVE BE5 QUITE CONSCI\S ALL ! TIME ?AT ?\< ! 
      FIR/ CLASS PRODUCES :ATEV] WEAL? IS CREAT$1 A V]Y GREAT PORTION ( IT IS 
      PREV5T$ FROM PRODUC+ WEAL? AT ALL1 & BE+ SET TO NO?+ BETT] ?AN 
      TURN+ A :EEL ?AT GR9DS NO?+ - SAVE ! WORK]S' LIVES4 ,NAY1 WORSE ?AN 
      NO?+4 ,I HOLD ?AT ?IS %AM WEAL? IS NOT M]ELY A NEGATIVE EVIL 7,I MEAN 9 
      ITSELF71 BUT A POSITIVE ONE4 ,IT SEEMS TO ME ?AT ! REF9$ SOCIETY ( TO-DAY IS 
      DI/+UI%$ FROM ALL O!RS BY A K9D ( GLOOMY C[>DICE - A /OLID BUT TIMOR\S 
      9CAPACITY ( 5JOYM5T4 ,HE :O RUNS MAY READ ! RECORD ( ! UNHAPPY RI* NOT 
      LESS ?AN ?AT ( ! UNHAPPY POOR 9 ! FUTILITY ( !IR AMUSEM5TS1 & ! 
      DEGRADATION ( !IR >T & LIT]ATURE4 
     
     

      ,WELL1 !N1 ! ?IRD CONDITION ( A REASONABLE SOCIETY IS VIOLAT$ BY \R PRES5T 
      SO CALL$ SOCIETY2 ! TREM5D\S ACTIVITY1 5]GY1 & 9V5TION ( MOD]N TIMES 
      IS TO A GREAT EXT5T WA/$2 ! MONOPOLI/S =CE ! WORK]S TO WA/E A GREAT 
      P>T ( !IR LABOR-P[]1 :ILE !Y WA/E ALMO/ ALL ( !IRS4 ,\R SOCIETY1 
      !RE=E1 DOES NOT FULFILL ! TRUE FUNCTIONS ( SOCIETY4 ,N[1 ! CON/ITUTION ( 
      ALL SOCIETY REQUIRES ?AT EA* 9DIVIDUAL MEMB] ( IT %\LD YIELD UP A P>T ( 
      HIS LIB]TY 9 RETURN = ! ADVANTAGES ( MUTUAL HELP & DEF5SE2 YET AT BOTTOM 
      ?AT SURR5D] %\LD BE P>T ( ! LIB]TY ITSELF2 IT %\LD BE VOLUNT>Y 9 
      ESS5CE4 ,BUT IF SOCIETY DOES NOT FULFILL ITS DUTIES T[>DS ! 9DIVIDUAL1 IT 
      WRONGS HIM1 & NO MAN VOLUNT>ILY SUBMITS TO WRONG - NAY1 NO MAN \<T TO4 ,! 
      SOCIETY1 !RE=E1 ?AT HAS VIOLAT$ ! ESS5TIAL CONDITIONS ( ITS EXI/5CE 
      MU/ BE SU/A9$ BY M]E BRUTE =CE1 & ?AT IS ! CASE ) \R 
      MOD]N SOCIETY NO LESS ?AN ?AT ( ! ANCI5T SLAVE-HOLD+ & ! M$IEVAL 
      S]F-HOLD+ SOCIETIES4 ,AS A PRACTICAL D$UCTION1 ,I ASK Y\ TO AGREE ) ME ?AT 
      SU* A SOCIETY %\LD BE *ANG$ FROM ITS BASE UP1 IF IT BE POSSIBLE4 ,& FUR!R1 
      ,I MU/ ASK H[1 BY :AT1 & BY :OM1 SU* A REVOLUTION CAN BE ACCOMPLI%$8 ,BUT 
      BE=E ,I SET MYSELF TO DEAL ) !SE QUE/IONS1 ,I WILL ASK Y\ TO BELIEVE ?AT 
      ?\< ,I HAVE TRI$ TO >GUE ! MATT] ON FIR/ PR9CIPLES1 ,I DO NOT APPROA* ! 
      SUBJECT FROM A P$ANTIC PO9T ( VIEW4 ,IF ,I C\LD BELIEVE ?AT1 H[EV] WRONG IT 
      MAY BE 9 !ORY1 \R PRES5T SY/EM WORKS WELL 9 PRACTICE1 ,I %\LD BE SIL5C$4 
      ,IF ,I ?\<T ?AT ITS WRONGS & ANOMALIES W]E SO CAPABLE ( PALLIATION ?AT 
      PEOPLE G5]ALLY W]E NOT ONLY CONT5T$1 BUT W]E CAPABLE ( DEVELOP+ !IR 
      HUMAN FACULTIES DULY UND] IT1 & ?AT WE W]E ON ! ROAD TO PROGRESS )\T A 
      GREAT *ANGE1 ,I = ONE W\LD NOT ASK ANYONE TO M$DLE ) IT4 ,BUT ,I DO NOT 
      BELIEVE ?AT1 NOR DO ,I KN[ ( ANY ?\<TFUL P]SON ?AT DOES4 ,9 ?\<TFUL 
      P]SONS ,I CAN SEE BUT TWO ATTITUDES2 ON ! ONE H&1 ! DESPAIR ( PESSIMISM1 
      :I* ,I ADMIT IS COMMON1 & ON ! O!R A DESIRE & HOPE ( *ANGE4 ,9DE$1 9 
      YE>S LIKE !SE FEW LA/1 :5 ONE HE>S ON ALL SIDES & FROM ALL CLASSES ( :AT 
      PEOPLE CALL DEPRESSION ( TRADE1 :I*1 AS WE TOO WELL KN[1 MEANS MIS]Y AT LEA/ 
      AS GREAT AS ?AT :I* A BIG W> BE>S ) IT1 & :5 ON ALL SIDES !RE IS 
      OM9\S GRUMBL+ ( ! COM+ /ORM1 ! WORK]S UNABLE TO BE> ! EXTRA BURD5 
      LAID UPON !M BY ! 0BAD TIMES10 - 9 SU* YE>S !RE IS1 ,I DO NOT SAY NO HOPE1 
      BUT AT LEA/ NO HOPE EXCEPT 9 ?OSE *ANGES1 ! TOK5S ( :I* >E ALL >\ND 
      US4 
     
     

      ,!RE=E1 AGA9 ,I ASK H[1 OR BY :AT1 OR BY :OM1 ! NECESS>Y REVOLUTION CAN BE 
      BR\<T AB\T8 ,:AT ,I HAVE BE5 SAY+ HI!RTO HAS BE5 9T5D$ TO %[ Y\ ?AT 
      !RE HAS ALWAYS BE5 A GREAT CLASS /RUGGLE GO+ ON :I* IS /ILL SU/A9$ BY 
      \R CLASS ( MONOPOLY & \R CLASS ( DIS9H]ITANCE4 ,IT IS TRUE ?AT 9 =M] 
      TIMES NO SOON] WAS ONE =M ( ?AT CLASS /RUGGLE OV] ?AN ANO!R TOOK ITS 
      PLACE2 BUT 9 \R DAYS IT HAS BECOME MU* SIMPLIFI$1 & HAS CLE>$ ITSELF BY 
      PROGRESS ?R\< ITS V>I\S /AGES ( M]E ACCID5TAL CIRCUM/ANCES4 ,! /RUGGLE 
      = POLITICAL EQUALITY HAS COME TO AN 5D1 OR NE>LY SO2 ALL M5 >E 7BY A FICTION 
      IT IS TRUE7 DECL>$ TO BE EQUAL BE=E ! LAW1 & COMPULSION TO LABOR = 
      ANO!R'S B5EFIT HAS TAK5 ! SIMPLE =M ( ! P[] ( ! POSSESSOR ( MONEY1 
      :O IS ALL P[]FUL2 !RE=E1 IF1 AS WE ,SOCIALI/S BELIEVE1 IT IS C]TA9 ?AT 
      ! CLASS /RUGGLE MU/ ONE DAY COME TO AN 5D1 WE >E SO MU* NE>] TO ?AT 5D 
      BY ! PASS+ ?R\< ( SOME ( ITS NECESS>Y /AGES2 HI/ORY NEV] RETURNS ON 
      ITSELF4 
     
     

      ,N[1 Y\ MU/ NOT SUPPOSE1 !RE=E1 ?AT ! REVOLUTION>Y /RUGGLE ( TO-DAY1 
      ?\< IT MAY BE ACCOMPANI$ 7& NECESS>ILY7 BY VIOL5T 9SURRECTION1 IS 
      P>ALLEL$ BY ! 9SURRECTIONS ( PA/ TIMES4 ,A RIS+ ( ! SLAVES ( ! 
      ANCI5T P]IOD1 OR ( ! S]FS ( M$IEVAL TIMES1 C\LD NOT HAVE BE5 P]MAN5TLY 
      SUCCESSFUL1 BECAUSE ! TIME WAS NOT RIPE = SU* SUCCESS1 S9CE ! GR[? ( ! 
      NEW ORD] ( ?+S WAS NOT SUFFICI5TLY DEVELOP$4 ,IT IS 9DE$ A T]RIBLE ?\<T 
      ?AT1 AL?\< ! BURD5 ( 9JU/ICE & SUFF]+ WAS ALMO/ TOO HEAVY TO BE 
      BORNE 9 SU* 9SURRECTION>Y TIMES1 & AL?\< ALL POPUL> UPRIS+S HAVE RI<T 
      ON !IR SIDE1 !Y C\LD NOT BE SUCCESSFUL AT ! TIME1 BECAUSE !RE WAS NO?+ 
      TO PUT 9 ! PLACE ( ! UNJU/ SY/EM AGA9/ :I* M5 W]E REVOLT+4 ,& YET 
      IT IS TRUE1 & IT EXPLA9S ! FACT ?AT ! CLASS ANTAGONISM IS G5]ALLY MORE 
      FELT :5 ! OPPRESS$ CLASS IS BETT]+ ITS CONDITION ?AN :5 IT IS AT ITS 
      WOR/4 ,! CONSCI\SNESS ( OPPRESSION !N TAKES ! =M ( HOPE1 & LEADS TO 
      ACTION1 & IS 9DE$ ! TOK5 ( ! GRADUAL =MATION ( A NEW ORD] ( ?+S 
      UND]NEA? ! OLD DECAY+ ORD]4 
     
     

      ,I TOLD Y\ ?AT ,I WAS NOT PREP>$ TO GIVE Y\ ANY DETAILS ( ! >RANGEM5T ( A 
      NEW /ATE ( SOCIETY2 BUT ,I AM PREP>$ TO /ATE ! PR9CIPLES ON :I* IT W\LD 
      BE F\ND$1 & ! RECOGNITION ( :I* W\LD MAKE IT EASY = S]I\S M5 TO DEAL 
      ) ! DETAILS ( >RANGEM5T4 ,SOCIALISM ASS]TS ?AT EV]YONE %\LD HAVE FREE 
      ACCESS TO ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION ( WEAL? - ! RAW MAT]IAL & ! /OR$-UP 
      =CE PRODUC$ BY LABOR2 9 O!R WORDS1 ! L&1 PLANT1 & /OCK ( ! 
      COMMUNITY1 :I* >E N[ MONOPOLIZ$ BY C]TA9 PRIVILEG$ P]SONS1 :O =CE 
      O!RS TO PAY = !IR USE4 ,?IS CLAIM IS F\ND$ ON ! PR9CIPLE :I* LIES AT 
      ! BOTTOM ( ,SOCIALISM1 ?AT ! RI<T TO ! POSSESSION ( WEAL? IS CONF]R$ BY 
      ! POSSESSOR HAV+ WORK$ T[>DS ITS PRODUCTION1 & BE+ ABLE TO USE IT = 
      ! SATISFACTION ( HIS P]SONAL NE$S4 ,! RECOGNITION ( ?IS RI<T WILL BE 
      5\< TO GU>D AGA9/ M]E CONFUSION & VIOL5CE4 ,! CLAIM TO PROP]TY ON ANY 
      O!R GR\NDS MU/ LEAD TO :AT IS 9 PLA9 T]MS ROBB]Y2 :I* WILL BE NO LESS 
      ROBB]Y BECAUSE IT IS ORGANIZ$ BY A %AM SOCIETY1 & MU/ NO LESS BE SUPPORT$ BY 
      VIOL5CE BECAUSE IT IS C>RI$ ON UND] ! SANCTION ( ! LAW4 
     
     

      ,LET ME PUT ?IS ) SOME:AT MORE ( DETAIL4 ,NO MAN HAS MADE ! L& ( ! 
      C\NTRY1 NOR CAN HE USE MORE ?AN A SMALL PORTION ( IT = HIS P]SONAL NE$S2 NO 
      MAN HAS MADE MORE ?AN A SMALL PORTION ( ITS F]TILITY1 NOR CAN USE P]SONALLY 
      MORE ?AN A SMALL P>T ( ! RESULTS ( ! LABOR ( C\NTLESS P]SONS1 LIV+ 
      & DEAD1 :I* HAS GONE TO PRODUCE ?AT F]TILITY4 ,NO MAN CAN BUILD A FACTORY ) 
      HIS [N H&S1 OR MAKE ! MA*9]Y 9 IT1 NOR CAN HE USE IT1 EXCEPT 9 
      COMB9ATION ) O!RS4 ,HE MAY CALL IT HIS1 BUT HE CANNOT MAKE ANY USE ( IT AS 
      HIS ALONE1 UNLESS HE IS ABLE TO COMPEL O!R PEOPLE TO USE IT = HIS B5EFIT2 ?IS 
      HE DOES NOT DO P]SONALLY1 BUT \R %AM SOCIETY HAS SO ORGANIZ$ ITSELF ?AT BY ITS 
      MEANS HE CAN COMPEL ?IS UNPAID S]VICE FROM O!RS4 ,! MAGI/RATE1 ! JUDGE1 ! 
      POLICEMAN1 & ! SOLDI] >E ! SWORD & PI/OL ( ?IS MOD]N HI<WAYMAN1 & 
      ,I MAY ADD ?AT HE IS ALSO FURNI%$ ) :AT HE CAN USE AS A MASK UND] ! NAME 
      ( MORALS & RELIGION4 
     
     

      ,N[ IF !SE MEANS ( PRODUCTION1 ! L&1 PLANT1 & /OCK1 W]E REALLY US$ = 
      !IR PRIM>Y USES1 & NOT AS MEANS = EXTRACT+ UNPAID LABOR FROM O!RS1 !Y 
      W\LD BE US$ BY M5 WORK+ 9 COMB9ATION ) EA* O!R1 EA* ( :OM W\LD 
      RECEIVE HIS DUE %>E ( ! RESULTS ( ?AT COMB9$ LABOR2 ! ONLY DIFFICULTY 
      W\LD !N BE :AT W\LD BE HIS DUE %>E1 BECAUSE IT MU/ BE ADMITT$ ON ALL H&S 
      ?AT IT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO KN[ H[ MU* EA* 9DIVIDUAL HAS CONTRIBUT$ T[>DS ! 
      PRODUCTION ( A PIECE ( COOP]ATIVE LABOR4 ,BUT ! PR9CIPLE ONCE GRANT$ ?AT 
      EA* MAN %\LD HAVE HIS DUE %>E ( :AT HE HAS CREAT$ BY HIS LABOR1 ! 
      SOLUTION ( ! DIFFICULTY W\LD BE ATTEMPT$1 NAY1 IS N[ HYPO!TICALLY 
      ATTEMPT$1 9 V>I\S WAYS - 9 TWO WAYS MA9LY4 ,ONE VIEW IS ?AT ! ,/ATE - ?AT 
      IS1 SOCIETY ORGANIZ$ = ! PRODUCTION & DI/RIBUTION ( WEAL? - W\LD HOLD 
      ALL ! MEANS ( ! PRODUCTION & DI/RIBUTION ( WEAL? 9 ITS H&S1 ALL[+ 
      ! USE ( !M TO :OMSOEV] IT ?\<T C\LD USE !M1 *>G+ R5T1 P]HAPS1 
      = !IR USE1 BUT :I* R5T W\LD BE US$ AGA9 ONLY = ! B5EFIT ( ! :OLE 
      COMMUNITY1 & !RE=E W\LD RETURN TO ! WORK] 9 ANO!R =M4 ,IT W\LD ALSO 
      TAKE ON ITSELF ! ORGANIZATION ( LABOR 9 DETAIL1 >RANG+ ! H[1 :51 & 
      :]E = ! B5EFIT ( ! PUBLIC2 DO+ ALL ?IS1 ONE MU/ HOPE1 ) AS LITTLE 
      C5TRALIZATION AS POSSIBLE2 9 %ORT1 ! ,/ATE1 ACCORD+ TO ?IS VIEW1 W\LD BE 
      ! ONLY EMPLOY] ( LABOR4 ,NO 9DIVIDUAL W\LD BE ABLE TO EMPLOY A WORKMAN TO 
      WORK = HIM AT A PR(IT1 I4E41 TO WORK = LESS ?AN ! VALUE ( HIS 
      LABOR 7R\<LY E/IMAT$71 BECAUSE ! ,/ATE W\LD PAY HIM ! FULL VALUE ( IT2 
      NOR C\LD ANY MAN LET L& OR MA*9]Y AT A PR(IT1 BECAUSE ! ,/ATE W\LD LET IT 
      )\T PR(IT4 ,IT IS CLE> ?AT1 IF ?IS C\LD BE C>RI$ \T1 NO ONE C\LD LIVE 
      )\T WORK+4 ,:5 A MAN HAD SP5T ! WEAL? HE HAD E>N$ P]SONALLY1 HE W\LD 
      HAVE TO WORK = MORE1 AS !RE W\LD BE NO TRIBUTE COM+ TO HIM FROM ! LABOR 
      ( PA/ G5]ATIONS4 ,ON ?OSE T]MS HE C\LD NOT ACCUMULATE WEAL?1 NOR W\LD HE 
      DESIRE TO2 = HE C\LD DO NO?+ ) IT EXCEPT SATISFY HIS P]SONAL NE$S ) 
      IT1 :]EAS AT PRES5T HE CAN TURN ! SUP]FLUITY ( HIS WEAL? 9TO CAPITAL1 
      I4E41 WEAL? US$ = ! EXTRACTION ( PR(IT4 ,?US SOCIETY W\LD BE 
      *ANG$4 ,EV]YONE W\LD HAVE TO WORK = HIS LIVELIHOOD1 & EV]YBODY W\LD BE 
      ABLE TO DO SO1 :]EAS AT PRES5T !RE >E PEOPLE :O REFUSE TO WORK = !IR 
      LIVELIHOOD & =BID O!RS TO DO SO4 ,LABOR W\LD NOT BE WA/$1 AS !RE W\LD 
      BE NO COMPET+ EMPLOY]S GAMBL+ 9 ! M>KET & US+ ! REAL PRODUC] & 
      ! CONSUM] AS !IR MIL* C[S4 ,! LIMIT ( PRICE W\LD BE ! CO/ ( 
      PRODUCTION1 SO ?AT BUY+ & SELL+ W\LD BE SIMPLY ! EX*ANGE ( EQUIVAL5T 
      VALUES1 & !RE W\LD BE NO LOSS ON EI!R SIDE 9 ! TRANSACTION ,?US !RE 
      W\LD BE A SOCIETY 9 :I* EV]YONE W\LD HAVE AN EQUAL *ANCE = WELL-DO+1 
      =1 AS A MATT] ( C\RSE1 >RANGEM5TS W\LD BE MADE = ! SU/A9+ ( PEOPLE 
      9 !IR NONAGE1 = KEEP+ !M 9 COM=T IF !Y W]E PHYSICALLY 9CAPACITAT$ 
      FROM WORK+1 & ALSO = $UCAT+ EV]YONE ACCORD+ TO HIS CAPACITIES4 ,?IS 
      W\LD AT ! LEA/ BE A SOCIETY :I* W\LD TRY TO P]=M ?OSE FUNCTIONS ( 
      SEE+ ?AT EV]YONE DID HIS DUE %>E ( WORK & NO MORE1 & HAD HIS DUE %>E 
      ( WEAL? & NO LESS1 & ?AT NO LABOR WAS WA/$1 :I* ,I HAVE SAID W]E ! 
      REAL FUNCTIONS ( A TRUE SOCIETY4 
     
     

      ,BUT !RE IS ANO!R VIEW ( ! SOLUTION ( ! DIFFICULTY AS TO :AT CON/ITUTES 
      ! DUE %>E ( ! WEAL? CREAT$ BY LABOR4 ,?OSE :O TAKE IT SAY1 S9CE IT IS 
      NOT REALLY POSSIBLE TO F9D \T :AT PROPORTION ( COMB9$ LABOR EA* MAN 
      CONTRIBUTES1 :Y PR(ESS TO TRY TO DO SO8 ,9 A PROP]LY ORD]$ COMMUNITY1 ALL WORK 
      ?AT IS DONE IS NECESS>Y ON ! ONE H&1 & ON ! O!R !RE W\LD BE PL5TY 
      ( WEAL? 9 SU* A COMMUNITY TO SATISFY ALL REASONABLE NE$S4 ,! COMMUNITY HOLDS 
      ALL WEAL? 9 COMMON1 BUT HAS ! SAME RI<T TO HOLD+ WEAL? ?AT ! 9DIVIDUAL 
      HAS1 NAMELY1 ! FACT ?AT IT HAS CREAT$ IT & USES IT2 BUT AS A COMMUNITY IT CAN 
      ONLY USE WEAL? BY SATISFY+ ) IT ! NE$S ( EV]Y ONE ( ITS MEMB]S - IT IS 
      NOT A TRUE COMMUNITY IF IT DOES LESS ?AN ?IS - BUT !IR NE$S >E NOT 
      NECESS>ILY DET]M9$ BY ! K9D OR AM\NT ( WORK :I* EA* MAN DOES1 ?\< ( 
      C\RSE1 :5 !Y >E1 ?AT MU/ BE TAK5 9TO ACC\NT4 ,TO SAY ! LEA/ ( IT1 
      M5'S NE$S >E MU* MORE EQUAL ?AN !IR M5TAL OR BODILY CAPACITIES >E3 !IR 
      ORD9>Y NE$S1 GRANT+ SIMIL> CONDITIONS ( CLIMATE & ! LIKE1 >E PRETTY 
      MU* ! SAME1 & C\LD1 AS ABOVE SAID1 BE EASILY SATISFI$4 ,AS = SPECIAL NE$S 
      = WEAL? ( A MORE SPECIAL K9D1 REASONABLE M5 W\LD BE CONT5T$ TO SACRIFICE 
      ! ?+ :I* !Y NE$$ LESS = ?AT :I* !Y NE$$ MORE2 & = ! RE/ 
      ! V>IETIES ( TEMP]AM5T W\LD GET OV] ! DIFFICULTIES ( ?IS SORT4 ,AS TO 
      ! 9C5TIVES TO WORK1 IT MU/ BE REMEMB]$ ?AT EV5 9 \R %AM SOCIETY MO/ 
      M5 >E NOT DIS9CL9$ TO WORK1 SO ONLY ?AT !IR WORK IS NOT ?AT :I* !Y >E 
      COMPELL$ TO DO2 & ! HI<] & MORE 9TELLECTUAL ! WORK IS1 ! MORE M5 >E 
      RESOLV$ TO DO IT1 EV5 9 SPITE ( OB/ACLES4 ,9 FACT1 ! IDEAS ON ! SUBJECT ( 
      ! REW>D ( LABOR 9 ! FUTURE >E F\ND$ ON ITS POSITION 9 ! PRES5T4 ,LIFE 
      IS SU* A T]RIBLE /RUGGLE = ! MAJORITY ?AT WE >E ALL APT TO ?9K ?AT A 
      SPECIALLY GIFT$ P]SON %\LD BE 5D[$ ) MORE ( ?AT :I* WE >E ALL 
      COMPELL$ TO /RUGGLE = - MONEY1 TO WIT - & TO VALUE HIS S]VICES SIMPLY BY 
      ?AT /&>D4 ,BUT 9 A /ATE ( SOCIETY 9 :I* ALL W]E WELL-TO-DO1 H[ C\LD 
      Y\ REW>D EXTRA S]VICES TO ! COMMUNITY8 ,GIVE Y\R GOOD WORK] IMMUNITY FROM 
      WORK8 ,! QUE/ION C>RIES ) IT ! CONDEMNATION ( ! IDEA1 &1 MOREOV]1 
      ?AT WILL BE ! LA/ ?+ HE WILL ?ANK Y\ =4 ,PROVIDE = HIS *ILDR58 ,! 
      FACT ?AT !Y >E HUMAN BE+S ) A CAPACITY = WORK IS 5\<2 !Y >E 
      PROVID$ = 9 BE+ MEMB]S ( A COMMUNITY :I* WILL SEE ?AT !Y NEI!R LACK 
      WORK NOR WEAL?4 ,GIVE HIM MORE WEAL?8 ,NAY1 :AT =8 ,:AT CAN HE DO ) MORE ?AN 
      HE CAN USE8 ,HE CANNOT EAT ?REE D9N]S A DAY1 OR SLEEP 9 F\R B$S4 ,GIVE HIM 
      DOM9ATION OV] O!R M58 ,NAY1 IF HE BE MORE EXCELL5T ?AN !Y >E 9 ANY >T1 
      HE MU/ 9FLU5CE !M = HIS GOOD & !IRS IF !Y >E WOR? ANY?+2 
      BUT IF Y\ MAKE HIM !IR >BITR>Y MA/]1 HE WILL GOV]N !M1 BUT HE WILL NOT 
      9FLU5CE !M2 HE & !Y WILL BE 5EMIES1 & H>M EA* O!R MUTUALLY4 ,ONE 
      REW>D Y\ CAN GIVE HIM1 ?AT IS1 OPPORTUNITY = DEVELOP+ HIS SPECIAL CAPACITY2 
      BUT ?AT Y\ WILL DO = EV]YBODY1 & NOT ! EXCELL5T ONLY4 ,9DE$1 ,I SUPPOSE 
      HE WILL NOT1 IF HE BE EXCELL5T1 LACK ! ADMIRATION1 OR P]HAPS IT IS BETT] TO 
      SAY ! AFFECTION1 ( HIS FELL[ M51 & HE WILL BE ALL ! MORE LIKELY TO GET 
      ?AT :5 ! RELATIONS BETWE5 HIM & !M >E NO LONG] CL\D$ BY ! FATAL 
      GIFT ( MA/]%IP4 
     
     

      ,MOREOV]1 ?OSE :O SEE ?IS VIEW ( ! NEW SOCIETY BELIEVE ?AT DEC5TRALIZATION 
      9 IT W\LD HAVE TO BE COMPLETE4 ,! POLITICAL UNIT ) !M IS NOT A ,NATION1 BUT 
      A ,COMMUNE2 ! :OLE ( REASONABLE SOCIETY W\LD BE A GREAT F$]ATION ( SU* 
      COMMUNES1 F$]AT$ = DEF9ITE PURPOSES ( ! ORGANIZATION ( LIVELIHOOD & 
      EX*ANGE4 ,= A M]E NATION IS ! HI/ORICAL D$UCTION FROM ! ANCI5T TRIBAL 
      FAMILY 9 :I* !RE WAS PEACE BETWE5 ! 9DIVIDUALS COMPOS+ IT & W> ) 
      ! RE/ ( ! WORLD4 ,A NATION IS A BODY ( PEOPLE KEPT TOGE!R = ! PURPOSES 
      ( RIVALRY & W> ) O!R SIMIL> BODIES1 & :5 COMPETITION %ALL HAVE GIV5 
      PLACE TO COMB9ATION1 ! FUNCTION ( ! NATION WILL BE GONE4 
     
     

      ,I WILL RECAPITULATE1 !N1 ! TWO VIEWS TAK5 AMONG ,SOCIALI/S AS TO ! FUTURE ( 
      SOCIETY4 ,ACCORD+ TO ! FIR/1 ! ,/ATE - ?AT IS1 ! NATION ORGANIZ$ = 
      UNWA/EFUL PRODUCTION & EX*ANGE ( WEAL? - WILL BE ! SOLE POSSESSOR ( ! 
      NATIONAL PLANT & /OCK1 ! SOLE EMPLOY] ( LABOR1 :I* %E WILL SO REGULATE 
      9 ! G5]AL 9T]E/ ?AT NO MAN WILL EV] NE$ TO FE> LACK ( EMPLOYM5T & 
      DUE E>N+S !REFROM4 ,EV]YBODY WILL HAVE AN EQUAL *ANCE ( LIVELIHOOD1 &1 
      EXCEPT AS A R>E DISEASE1 !RE W\LD BE NO HO>D+ ( MONEY OR O!R WEAL?4 ,?IS 
      VIEW PO9TS TO AN ATTEMPT TO GIVE EV]YBODY ! FULL WOR? ( ! PRODUCTIVE WORK 
      DONE BY HIM1 AFT] HAVE 5SUR$ ! NECESS>Y PRELIM9>Y ?AT HE %ALL ALWAYS BE 
      FREE TO WORK4 
     
     

      ,ACCORD+ TO ! O!R VIEW1 ! C5TRALIZ$ NATION W\LD GIVE PLACE TO A 
      F$]ATION ( COMMUNITIES :O W\LD HOLD ALL WEAL? 9 COMMON1 & W\LD USE ?AT 
      WEAL? = SATISFY+ ! NE$S ( EA* MEMB]1 ONLY EXACT+ FROM EA* ?AT HE 
      %\LD DO HIS BE/ ACCORD+ TO HIS CAPACITY T[>DS ! PRODUCTION ( ! COMMON 
      WEAL?4 ,( C\RSE1 IT IS TO BE UND]/OOD ?AT EA* MEMB] IS ABSOLUTELY FREE TO 
      USE HIS %>E ( WEAL? AS HE PLEASES1 )\T 9T]F]5CE FROM ANY1 SO LONG AS HE 
      REALLY USES IT1 ?AT IS1 DOES NOT TURN IT 9TO AN 9/RUM5T = ! OPPRESSION ( 
      O!RS4 ,?IS VIEW 9T5DS COMPLETE EQUALITY ( CONDITION = EV]YONE1 ?\< LIFE 
      W\LD BE1 AS ALWAYS1 V>I$ BY ! DIFF]5CES ( CAPACITY & DISPOSITION2 & 
      EMULATION 9 WORK+ = ! COMMON GOOD W\LD SUPPLY ! PLACE ( COMPETITION AS 
      AN 9C5TIVE4 
     
     

      ,!SE TWO VIEWS ( ! FUTURE ( SOCIETY >E SOMETIMES OPPOS$ TO EA* O!R AS 
      ,SOCIALISM & ,COMMUNISM1 BUT TO MY M9D ! LATT] IS SIMPLY ! NECESS>Y 
      DEVELOPM5T ( ! =M]1 :I* IMPLIES A TRANSITION P]IOD1 DUR+ :I* PEOPLE 
      W\LD BE GETT+ RID ( ! HABITS ( M9D BR$ BY ! LONG AGES ( TYRANNY & 
      COMM]CIAL COMPETITION1 & BE LE>N+ ?AT IT IS TO ! 9T]E/ ( EA* ?AT ALL 
      %\LD ?RIVE4 
     
     

      ,:5 M5 HAD LO/ ! FE> ( EA* O!R 5G5D]$ BY \R SY/EM ( >TIFICIAL 
      FAM9E1 !Y W\LD FEEL ?AT ! BE/ WAY ( AVOID+ ! WA/E ( LABOR W\LD BE 
      TO ALL[ EV]Y MAN TO TAKE :AT HE NE$$ FROM ! COMMON /ORE1 S9CE HE W\LD 
      HAVE NO TEMPTATION OR OPPORTUNITY ( DO+ ANY?+ ) A GREAT] PORTION ?AT HE 
      REALLY NE$$ = HIS P]SONAL USE4 ,?US W\LD BE M9IMIZ$ ! DANG] ( ! 
      COMMUNITY FALL+ 9TO BUREAUCRACY1 ! MULTIPLICATION ( BO>DS & (FICES1 & 
      ALL ! P>APH]NALIA ( (FICIAL AU?ORITY1 :I* IS1 AFT] ALL1 A BURD51 EV5 
      :5 IT IS EX]CIS$ BY ! DELEGATION ( ! :OLE PEOPLE & 9 ACCORDANCE ) 
      !IR WI%ES4 
     
     

      ,?US HAVE ,I LAID BE=E Y\1 NECESS>ILY BRIEFLY1 A ,SOCIALI/'S VIEW ( ! PRES5T 
      CONDITION ( LABOR & ITS HOPES = ! FUTURE4 ,IF ! 9DICTM5T AGA9/ ! 
      PRES5T SOCIETY SEEM TO Y\ TO BE ( UNDUE PROPORTIONS COMP>$ ) ! VIEW ( 
      ?AT :I* IS TO COME1 ,I MU/ AGA9 REM9D Y\ ?AT WE ,SOCIALI/S NEV] DREAM ( 
      BUILD+ UP BY \R [N EF=TS 9 ONE G5]ATION A SOCIETY ALTOGE!R ANEW4 ,ALL ,I 
      HAVE BE5 ATTACK+ HAS BE5 ! EX]CISE ( >BITR>Y AU?ORITY = ! SUPPOS$ 
      B5EFIT ( A PRIVILEG$ CLASS4 ,:5 WE HAVE GOT RID ( ?AT AU?ORITY & >E FREE 
      ONCE MORE1 WE \RSELVES %ALL DO :ATEV] MAY BE NECESS>Y 9 ORGANIZ+ ! REAL 
      SOCIETY :I* EV5 N[ EXI/S UND] ! AU?ORITY :I* USURPS ?AT TITLE4 ,?AT 
      TRUE SOCIETY ( LOV$ & LOV]1 P>5T & *ILD1 FRI5D & FRI5D1 ! SOCIETY 
      ( WELL-WI%]S1 ( REASONABLE PEOPLE CONSCI\S ( ! ASPIRATIONS ( HUMANITY & 
      ( ! DUTIES WE [E TO IT ?R\< ONE ANO!R - ?IS SOCIETY1 ,I SAY1 IS HELD 
      TOGE!R & EXI/S BY ITS [N 9H]5T RI<T & REASON1 9 SPITE ( :AT IS 
      USUALLY ?\<T TO BE ! CEM5T ( SOCIETY1 >BITR>Y AU?ORITY TO WIT1 ?AT IS TO 
      SAY1 ! EXPRESSION ( BRUTE =CE UND] ! 9FLU5CE ( UNREASON+ HABIT4 
      ,UNHAPPILY ?\< SOCIETY EXI/S1 IT IS 9 AN 5SLAV$ & MIS]ABLE CONDITION1 
      BECAUSE ?AT SAME >BITR>Y AU?ORITY SAYS TO US PRACTICALLY3 0,Y\ MAY BE HAPPY IF 
      Y\ CAN AF=D IT1 BUT1 UNLESS Y\ HAVE A C]TA9 AM\NT ( MONEY Y\ %ALL NOT BE 
      ALL[$ ! EX]CISE ( ! SOCIAL VIRTUES3 S5TIM5T1 AFFECTION1 GOOD MANN]S1 
      9TELLIG5CE EV51 TO Y\ %ALL BE M]E WORDS2 Y\ %ALL BE LESS ?AN M51 BECAUSE 
      Y\ >E NE$$ AS MA*9ES TO GR9D ON 9 A SY/EM :I* HAS COME UPON US WE SC>CE 
      KN[ H[1 & :I* COMPELS US AS WELL AS Y\40 ,?IS IS ! REAL1 
      CONT9U\SLY-REPEAT$ PROCLAMATION ( LAW & ORD] TO ! MO/ P>T ( M5 :O >E 
      UND] ! BURD5 ( ?AT HI]>*Y ( COMPULSION :I* GOV]NS US UND] ! USURP$ 
      & FALSE TITLE ( SOCIETY1 & :I* ALL TRUE ,SOCIALI/S OR SUPPORT]S ( REAL 
      SOCIETY >E B\ND TO DO !IR BE/ TO GET RID (1 SO AS TO LEAVE US FREE TO REALIZE 
      TO ! FULL ?AT TRUE SOCIETY :I* MEANS WELL-BE+ & WELL-DO+ = ONE & 
      ALL4 
     

,FROM 3 ,M>XI/S4ORG4 

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,JANU>Y #g1 #bbb 3 ,TRUE & ,FALSE ,SOCIETY -- ,UPDAT$4 

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