,TURKI% ,AN>*I/S ON ! ,FI<T = ,KOBANE 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,CRIME?,9C4 

,TEXT 3 

,9 SUMM] #b#a#c1 WE 9T]VIEW$ ! ,TURKI% GR\P ,REVOLUTION>Y ,AN>*I/ ,ACTION 7,DEVRIMCI ,AN>SI/ ,FAALIYET1 OR ,D,A,F7 AB\T ! UPRIS+ ?AT BEGAN 9 ,GEZI ,P>K4 ,AT ! 5D ( SUMM] #b#a#d1 WE LE>N$ ?AT ,D,A,F WAS SUPPORT+ ! FI]CE RESI/ANCE ?AT RESID5TS ( ! T[N ( ,KOBANE 9 NOR!RN ,SYRIA W]E PUTT+ UP TO ! 9CURSION ( ! FUNDAM5TALI/ ,ISLAMIC ,/ATE4 

,DUR+ ! CIVIL W> 9 ,SYRIA ?AT BEGAN ) ! ,>AB ,SPR+1 ! ,KURDI% REGION ( NOR!RN ,SYRIA1 KN[N AS ,ROJAVA1 ASS]T$ ITS AUTONOMY & BEGAN C>RY+ \T EXP]IM5TS 9 HORIZONTAL ORGANIZATION4 ,ROJAVA IS SURR\ND$ ON ALL SIDES BY HO/ILE =CES3 ,ASSAD'S BELEAGU]$ ,SYRIAN GOV]NM5T1 :I* LO/ CONTROL ( ! REGION A C\PLE YE>S AGO2 ! ,TURKI% GOV]NM5T1 KN[N = OPPRESS+ ITS ,KURDI% M9ORITY2 O!R REVOLUTION>Y ,SYRIAN =CES1 9CLUD+ ,ISLAMIC FUNDAM5TALI/S & ! ,U,S-BACK$ COALITION KN[N AS ! ,FREE ,SYRIAN ,>MY2 ! ,KURDI% REGIONAL GOV]NM5T 9 ,IRAQ1 A LONGTIME RIVAL ( ,SYRIAN ,KURDI% ORGANIZATIONS2 &1 MO/ PRESS+LY1 ! ,ISLAMIC ,/ATE1 ALSO KN[N AS ,I,S,I,S--AN UNRECOGNIZ$ /ATE 5TITY ?AT HAS GA9$ CONTROL ( MU* ( ,IRAQ & ,SYRIA OV] ! PA/ TWO YE>S US+ CAPTUR$ >MAM5TS ORIG9ALLY BR\<T 9TO ! REGION DUR+ ! ,U,S MILIT>Y OCCUPATION4 

,9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 WE READ CORPORATE M$IA ACC\NTS ( REFUGEES FROM ,KOBANE %\T+ 0,LONG LIVE ,AM]ICA60 FROM ACROSS ! ,TURKI% BORD] AS ,U,S AIR/RIKES AIM$ AT ,ISLAMIC ,/ATE MILITANTS DE/ROY$ !IR CITY--A *ILL+ RE-LEGITIMIZATION ( ,U,S MILIT>Y 9T]V5TION 9 ! ,MIDDLE ,EA/1 AFT] ! COLOSSAL FAILURE ( ! OCCUPATION ( ,IRAQ4 ,U,S ,SECRET>Y ( ,/ATE ,JOHN ,K]RY H9T$ ?AT ,KOBANE W\LD 9EVITABLY FALL TO ! ,ISLAMIC ,/ATE1 & MA9TA9$ ?AT RESCU+ ! CITY WAS 0NOT A /RATEGIC OBJECTIVE40 ,YET 9 ! 5D1 IT WAS NOT ! ,U,S MILIT>Y1 BUT ! C\RAGE ( A FEW ILL-EQUIPP$ AUTONOM\S FI<T]S FROM ,ROJAVA ?AT HALT$ ! ADVANCE ( ! ,ISLAMIC ,/ATE ACROSS ! ,MIDDLE ,EA/4 

,) FIR/H& REPORTS FROM ! REGION 9 %ORT SUPPLY1 !RE W]E BITT] POLEMICS BETWE5 ,5GLI%-SPEAK+ AN>*I/S AB\T :E!R TO D\BT ! ALLEG$LY LIB]T>IAN *>ACT] ( ! RESI/ANCE OR EXT5D CRITICAL SUPPORT4 ,9 HOPES ( GA9+ MORE 9SI<T 9TO ! SITUATION1 WE CONTACT$ \R COMRADES ( ,D,A,F ONCE MORE4 ,AFT] MON?S ( WAIT+1 WE >E F9ALLY ABLE TO PRES5T !SE TWO 9T]VIEWS--ONE (F]+ G5]AL BACKGR\ND ON ! /RUGGLE 9 ,KOBANE1 ! O!R DELV+ 9TO ANALYTICAL DETAIL AB\T ! GEOPOLITICAL IMPLICATIONS4 

,9T]VIEW ) A MEMB] ( ,D,A,F ON ! ,SLOV5IAN AN>*I/ RADIO %[ ,CRNA LUKNJA 9 E>LY ,JANU>Y1 #bae 

  

,CAN Y\ GIVE US AN OV]VIEW ( ! SITUATION 9 ! BORD] REGION ( ,TURKEY & ,SYRIA1 DESCRIB+ ! MILITIAS & O!R KEY ACTORS ?AT >E OP]AT+ !RE8 

,! PEOPLE LIV+ 9 ! REGION >E MO/LY ,KURDS1 :O HAVE BE5 LIV+ !RE = HUNDR$S ( YE>S4 ,?IS REGION HAS NEV] BE5 REPRES5T$ BY A /ATE4 ,BECAUSE ( ?AT1 ! PEOPLE ( ! REGION HAVE BE5 9 /RUGGLE = A V]Y LONG TIME4 ,! PEOPLE >E V]Y DIV]SE 9 T]MS ( E?NICITY & RELIGION3 !RE >E ,KURDI% PEOPLE1 ,>ABIC PEOPLE1 ,YAZIDI PEOPLE1 & MORE4 ,ONE ( ! MAJOR ,KURDI% PEOPLE'S ORGANIZATIONS 9 ,TURKEY & ,IRAQ IS ! ,P,K,K1 & ! ,P,Y,D 9 ,SYRIA IS 9 ! SAME L9E ) ! ,P,K,K4 ,AS = MILIT>Y ORGANIZATIONS1 !RE >E ! ,Y,P,J & ,Y,P,G1 ! M5'S & WOM5'S ORGANIZATIONS4 

,AGA9/ !SE ORGANIZATIONS /& ,I,S,I,S1 ! ,ISLAMIC GANGS1 9 :I* ,AL ,NUSRA IS 9VOLV$4 ,!SE >E ! RADICAL ,ISLAMI/S4 ,!RE IS ALSO ! ,FREE ,SYRIAN ,>MY1 A COALITION ( MANY DIFF]5T GR\PS2 !Y >E SUPPORT$ BY ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM1 BUT !Y >E NOT AS RADICAL AS ,I,S,I,S4 ,& !RE IS ! ,TURKI% /ATE1 & ,ASSAD'S ,SYRIAN /ATE1 :O >E ON ! ATTACK4 ,9 NOR!RN ,IRAQ1 !RE IS ALSO A ,KURDI% /ATE1 UND] ! ,K,D,P ( ,B>ZANI1 :I* IS IDEOLOGICALLY ! SAME AS ! ,TURKI% /ATE1 BUT E?NICALLY A BIT DIFF]5T4 

,:AT IS ! ROLE ( ! ,P,K,K 9 ! REGION1 & ! MEAN+ ( !IR SUPPOS$ LIB]T>IAN TURN8 

,! ,P,K,K HAS A BAD REPUTATION 9 ! ,WE/ BECAUSE ( !IR PA/4 ,TW5TY YE>S AGO1 :5 IT WAS F\ND$1 IT WAS A ,M>XI/-,L59I/ GR\P4 ,BUT A FEW YE>S AGO1 IT HAS *ANG$ ?IS COMPLETELY & D5\NC$ !SE IDEAS1 BECAUSE ! IDEAS ( !IR LEAD] *ANG$ & SO DID ! PEOPLE4 ,!Y W5T T[>DS A MORE LIB]T>IAN IDEOLOGY AFT] READ+ ! WORKS ( ,MURRAY ,BOOK*9 & ON ACC\NT ( SOME O!R FACTORS 9 ! REGION4 ,TO UND]/& ! SITUATION TODAY1 IT IS ALSO IMPORTANT ?AT 9 ! BEG9N+1 ! ,P,K,K WAS NOT SO IDEOLOGICAL4 ,IT DID NOT GR[ UP AS AN IDEOLOGICAL MOVEM5T1 BUT AS A PEOPLE'S MOVEM5T4 ,?IS IS ANO!R FACTOR EXPLA9+ H[ IT HAS DEVELOP$ 9 ?IS DIRECTION4 

,:AT DO Y\ MEAN :5 Y\ SAY ,ROJAVA REVOLUTION8 ,:AT K9D ( SOCIAL EXP]IM5T IS IT1 & :Y IS IT RELEVANT = ANTI-AU?ORIT>IAN SOCIAL MOVEM5TS >\ND ! WORLD8 

,! ,ROJAVA REVOLUTION WAS PROCLAIM$ TWO YE>S AGO4 ,?REE CANTONS DECL>$ !IR 9DEP5D5CE FROM ! /ATE1 FROM ,ASSAD'S REGIME4 ,!Y DIDN'T WANT ANY K9D ( 9VOLVEM5T ) ANY ( ! 9T]NATIONALLY SUPPORT$ CAPITALI/ P[]S4 ,?IS SUCCESSFULLY OP5$ UP A ?IRD FRONT 9 ! REGION4 ,IT WAS A MOM5T :5 ! /ATES 9 ! REGION LO/ P[]4 

,?IS BEGAN AS A PROJECT ( ! ,KURDI% /RUGGLE4 ,IT 9VOLVES DIRECTLY DEMOCRATIC PRACTICES LIKE PEOPLE'S ASSEMBLIES1 & IT IS FOCUS$ ON E?NIC DIV]SITY1 P[] TO ! PEOPLE1 & WOM5'S LIB]ATION1 :I* IS A BIG FOCUS ( ! ,KURDI% MOVEM5T 9 G5]AL1 NOT JU/ 9 ,ROJAVA4 ,!Y =M$ !IR [N DEF5SE UNITS1 :I* >E VOLUNT>Y ORGANIZATIONS JU/ MADE UP ( ! PEOPLE :O >E LIV+ !RE4 

,Y\ >E P>T ( ! AN>*I/ GR\P ,D,A,F 7,REVOLUTION>Y ,AN>*I/ ,ACTION7 9 ,TURKEY4 ,ONE ( Y\R MA9 ACTIVITIES OV] ! LA/ YE>S HAS BE5 BUILD+ SOLID>ITY & MUTUAL AID ) ! PEOPLE 9 ,KURDI/AN4 ,TELL US AB\T Y\R GR\P & :AT Y\R 9VOLVEM5T IS 9 ! ,ROJAVA REVOLUTION8 

,D,A,F ADVOCATES A REVOLUTION>Y P]SPECTIVE2 WE CALL \RSELVES REVOLUTION>Y AN>*I/S BECAUSE WE WANT AN>*ISM TO BE SOCIALLY UND]/OOD 9 \R REGION1 BECAUSE 9 ?IS REGION AN>*ISM DOESN'T HAVE ANY TRADITION OR HI/ORY4 ,\R FIR/ AIM IS TO SPREAD ! IDEALS ( AN>*ISM 9TO ! SOCIAL FABRIC ( \R SOCIETY1 & = US ! PRACTICE IS MORE IMPORTANT ?AN !ORY4 ,OR RA!R1 WE BUILD \R !ORY ON \R PRACTICE AS REVOLUTION>Y AN>*I/S4 

,WE >E AGA9/ ALL =MS ( OPPRESSION4 ,WE FOCUS ON WORK]S' MOVEM5TS & PEOPLE'S MOVEM5TS ?AT >E OPPRESS$ DUE TO E?NICITY1 WE /& 9 SOLID>ITY AGA9/ WOM5'S OPPRESSION1 & WE >E ACTIVE 9 ALL ( ?OSE MOVEM5TS4 ,9 ,ROJAVA1 WE W]E 9 T\* ) P>TICIPANTS 9 ! REVOLUTION S9CE IT />T$2 :5 ! RESI/ANCE BEGAN 9 ,KOBANE1 WE IMM$IATELY W5T TO ! REGION2 \R COMRADES ORGANIZ$ SOLID>ITY ACTIONS ON BO? SIDES ( ! BORD]4 ,WE /ILL HAVE PEOPLE !RE ON A ROTAT+ BASIS1 & WE >E /ILL ORGANIZ+ ACTIONS4 ,= EXAMPLE1 REC5TLY1 \R WOM5'S GR\P ORGANIZ$ AN ACTION 9 :I* !Y CALL$ = CONSCI5TI\S OBJECTION 9 SUPPORT ( ! ,KOBANE RESI/ANCE4 

,D,A,F HAS ORGANIZ$ ON ! ,TURKI%-,SYRIAN BORD]1 9 A 0HUMAN *A90 9T5D$ TO PREV5T FI<T]S ( ! ,ISLAMIC ,/ATE FROM PASS+ OV] ! BORD] FROM ! ,TURKI% SIDE TO JO9 9 FI<T+ AGA9/ ! ,KURDI% RESI/ANCE4 ,TELL US AB\T ?IS =M ( DIRECT ACTION8 

,! ,TURKI% /ATE HAS BE5 ATTACK+ ,KOBANE FROM ! WE/4 ,9 !IR DISC\RSE1 ! ,TURKI% /ATE S\NDS LIKE !Y >E AGA9/ ,I,S,I,S1 BUT 9 PRACTICE IT P]MITS MAT]IAL RES\RCES1 >MS1 & PEOPLE TO PASS ?R\< ! BORD]1 & IT HAS BE5 ATTACK+ ! VILLAGES ON ! BORD]4 ,!SE VILLAGES >E NOT V]Y SEP>ATE FROM ,KOBANE2 IT'S ! SAME FAMILIES & A LOT ( PEOPLE FROM ,KOBANE PASS ?R\< !RE :5 !Y >E 9JUR$ OR IF !Y WANT TO JO9 ! /RUGGLE FROM ! ,TURKI% SIDE ( ! BORD]4 ,SO \R COMRADES >E /AY+ 9 ! VILLAGES & P>TICIPAT+ 9 ALL ! ACTIONS 9 ! COMMUNES1 DO+ LOGI/ICAL SUPPORT = ! REFUGEES & = 9JUR$ PEOPLE4  
  

0,WE CUT ! WIRES4 ,! MOM5T WE PASS$ ! BORD]1 WE W]E GREET$ ) HUGE 5?USIASM4 ,9 ! BORD] VILLAGES ( ,KOBANE1 EV]YONE1 Y\NG & OLD1 W]E ON ! /REETS4 ,Y,P,G & ,Y,P,J GU]RILLAS SALUT$ \R ELIM9ATION ( BORD]S BY FIR+ 9TO AIR4 ,WE RALLI$ 9 ! /REETS ( ,KOBANE40 -,D,A,F REPORT FROM A SOLID>ITY MISSION  
  

,?R\<\T ! >M$ CONFLICT1 ! MA9/REAM M$IA SAID ?AT ,KOBANE W\LD FALL1 DESPITE ! FACT ?AT ! RESI/ANCE ON ! GR\ND NEV] GAVE UP4 ,:Y DO Y\ ?9K !Y REPORT$ IT ?AT WAY8 

,?IS WAS A PSY*OLOGICAL W> FROM ! BEG9N+4 ,! M$IA DID NOT WANT ! ,KOBANE RESI/ANCE TO BE HE>D4 ,! COV]AGE WAS P>T ( ! PSY*OLOGICAL W>1 BECAUSE !RE WAS A LOT ( 9T]NATIONAL SUPPORT = ! RESI/ANCE4 ,& :5 IT BECAME EVID5T ?AT ,KOBANE W\LD NOT FALL1 !Y *ANG$ TACTICS3 ALL ! 9T]NATIONAL P[]S TRI$ TO GIVE ! IMPRESSION ?AT !Y W]E HELP+ ) AIR/RIKES1 & ! ,KURDI% /ATES BY S5D+ FI<T]S4 ,?IS WAS DONE RI<T BE=E IT WAS EVID5T ?AT ,KOBANE W\LD NOT FALL1 ONLY 9 ORD] TO GIVE ! IMPRESSION ?AT !Y >E NOT AGA9/ ?IS /RUGGLE4 

,IT IS OBVI\S ?AT ! PEOPLE'S /RUGGLE 9 ,KOBANE IS NOT 9 ! 9T]E/ ( ! PREVAIL+ WORLD P[]S4 ,:AT DO Y\ ?9K ! PROSPECTS >E = ! ,ROJAVA REVOLUTION8 ,:AT IS ! SITUATION ON ! GR\ND N[8 ,H[ CAN PEOPLE FROM O!R C\NTRIES SUPPORT ! REVOLUTION !RE8 

,LATELY1 O!R P>TS ( ,ROJAVA HAVE BE5 ATTACK$4 ,IF Y\ REMEMB] MON?S AGO :5 ,I,S,I,S FIR/ ATTACK$ ! ,YAZID PEOPLE1 ! ,YAZIDS W]E =C$ TO FLEE FROM !IR CITIES1 & !Y W]E SAV$ BY ! ,Y,P,D FI<T]S4 ,AFT]W>DS1 ,I,S,I,S WAS REPELL$4 ,LA/ WEEK1 ! ,YAZID PEOPLE HAVE =M$ !IR [N DEF5SE UNITS1 SIMIL> TO ?OSE 9 ,ROJAVA4 ,SO ! /RUGGLE IS GR[+ 9 ! REGION1 ) SELF-DEF5SE & ! IDEA ( DIRECT DEMOCRACY GA9+ MORE SUPPORT4 

,ALSO1 ON ! ,TURKI% SIDE ( ! BORD]1 ! W> IS GETT+ H>%]4 ,! GOV]NM5T IS US+ MORE VIOL5CE AGA9/ ! ,KURDI% RESI/ANCE4 ,AGA91 LA/ WEEK1 ! POLICE ATTACK$ & MURD]$ A #a#d-YE>-OLD KID4 ,?IS %[S ?AT ! /RUGGLE WILL CONT9UE 9 A MORE VIOL5T WAY4 ,?IS MATT] IS NOT JU/ LIMIT$ TO ?IS REGION2 Y\ CAN SEE FROM ! REC5T ATTACKS ON ! J\RNALI/S 9 ,FRANCE ?AT ?IS HAS TO BE TAK5 V]Y S]I\SLY ON ! 9T]NATIONAL LEVEL1 ESPECIALLY BY REVOLUTION>IES4 

,?IS ALSO %[S ! IMPORTANCE ( ! ,ROJAVA REVOLUTION AGA9/ ,I,S,I,S & RADICAL ,ISLAMISM4 ,I ?9K ?AT 9T]NATIONAL SUPPORT W\LD MEAN TAK+ MORE ACTIONS LOCALLY AGA9/ ! REAL P[]S ?AT >E SUPPORT+ ,I,S,I,S4 

,9T]VIEW ) A MEMB] ( ,D,A,F1 CONDUCT$ BY ,CRIME?,9C4 OP]ATIVES BETWE5 ,OCTOB] & ,DECEMB] #bad 

  

,H[ SUCCESSFUL DO Y\ FEEL ! 9T]V5TION ( ! ,D,A,F HAS BE5 9 PROVID+ SOLID>ITY TO ?OSE 9 ,ROJAVA /RUGGL+ AGA9/ ! ,ISLAMIC ,/ATE8 ,:AT RES\RCES OR SKILLS >E IMPORTANT = AN>*I/ GR\PS TO DEVELOP 9 ORD] TO BE BETT] PREP>$ = SITUATIONS LIKE ?IS8 

,D,A,F HAS BE5 9 SOLID>ITY ) ! ,ROJAVA ,REVOLUTION S9CE IT WAS DECL>$ OV] TWO YE>S AGO4 ,\R COMRADES HAVE BE5 !RE S9CE ! FIR/ DAY ( ! ,KOBANE RESI/ANCE1 9 SOLID>ITY1 TO ! BE/ ( \R ABILITY1 ) ! PEOPLES' /RUGGLE = FRE$OM4 

,WE ALWAYS KNEW ?AT ,KOBANE W\LD NOT FALL & IT DIDN'T FALL1 CONTR>Y TO :AT MA9/REAM M$IA REPORT$ A HUNDR$ TIMES S9CE ! RESI/ANCE BEGAN4 ,ONE MON? AGO1 ,I,S,I,S CONTROLL$ #d.0 ( ,KOBANE1 N[ IT'S #b.0 & !Y >E BACK+ (F4 .<,S9CE ?IS 9T]VIEW WAS CONDUCT$1 ,I,S,I,S HAS BE5 COMPLETELY DRIV5 \T ( ,KOBANE4.> ,GIV5 ?AT ,I,S,I,S IS LOS+ !IR BATTLES ) O!R =CES 9 ! REGION & GETT+ WEAK]1 WE CAN SAY ?AT ! ,KOBANE RESI/ANCE WAS SUCCESSFUL4 

,! RES\RCES & SKILLS W\LD BE DIFF]5T = EV]Y SPECIFIC /RUGGLE4 ,! LEVEL ( OPPRESSION & VIOL5CE >E DIFF]5T 9 EV]Y REGION & ! SKILLS = RESI/ANCE >E BE/ BUILT ON DIRECT EXP]I5CE4 ,H[EV]1 ! SKILLS ( ORGANIZATION & ! CULTURE ( %>+ & SOLID>ITY >E AT LEA/ AS IMPORTANT AS ANY P>TICUL> SKILLS = RESI/ANCE4 ,!SE >E ALMO/ UNIV]SAL4 ,D,A,F HAS BUILT ITS [N EXP]I5CE ON ! CULTURE ( ! COMMUNE & /RUGGLE AGA9/ OPPRESSION AS WELL AS A LONG-T]M RELATION%IP ( MUTUAL SOLID>ITY ) ! ,KURDI% PEOPLE & O!R /RUGGLES = FRE$OM 9 ,ANATOLIA & ,KURDI/AN4 

,UN=TUNATELY1 IT'S NOT POSSIBLE TO GIVE A MORE DETAIL$ ANSW] H]E ON ACC\NT ( SECURITY ISSUES & O!R CONC]NS4 

,H[ IS ! /RUGGLE 9 ,KOBANE *ANG+ ! POLITICAL CONTEXT 9 ,TURKEY1 BO? = ,]DOGAN & = SOCIAL MOVEM5TS = LIB]ATION8 

,! ,TURKI% /ATE HAS HAD TO TAKE /EPS BACKW>D 9 RELATION TO ! RESI/ANCE 9 ,KOBANE4 ,IT HAS /OPP$ OP5LY SUPPORT+ ,I,S,I,S1 AL?\< IT IS /ILL SUPPORT+ ,I,S,I,S BEH9D ! SC5ES4 ,IT HAD OCCUPY+ PLANS 9 ! NAME ( CREAT+ A 0SECURITY REGION10 :I* 9CLUD$ MILIT>Y 9T]V5TION TO WEAK5 ! ,KURDI% /RUGGLE & ALSO ATTACK+ ,ASSAD'S =CES 9 ALLIANCE ) ! ,MUSLIM ,BRO!RHOOD ( ,SYRIA4 ,!SE PLANS HAVE FAIL$4 

,! SOLID>ITY ACTIONS C>RI$ \T BY SOCIAL MOVEM5TS = LIB]ATION SPREAD >\ND ! WORLD TO AN EXT5T ?AT WAS UNSE5 9 REC5T YE>S4 ,?IS 9T]NATIONAL SOLID>Y WAS AN IMPORTANT FACTOR 9 ! SUCCESS ( ! ,KOBANE RESI/ANCE4 ,ROJAVA IS ANO!R EXAMPLE PROV+ ?AT PEOPLE CAN MAKE A REVOLUTION )\T A VANGU>D P>TY OR A GR\P ( ! ELITE1 EV5 :]E !RE IS NO 9DU/RY4 ,& ?IS CAN HAPP5 9 A PLACE LIKE ! ,MIDDLE ,EA/1 :]E /RUGGL+ = FRE$OM MEANS FI<T+ AGA9/ ALL K9DS ( OPPRESSION1 9CLUD+ PATRI>*Y AS WELL AS MASSACRES BAS$ ON E?NICITY & RELIGION4 

,D,A,F TEXTS HAVE DESCRIB$ ! ,ISLAMIC ,/ATE AS 0! VIOL5T MOB PRODUC$ BY GLOBAL CAPITALISM0 & 0! SUBCONTRACTOR ( ! ,/ATES ?AT PURSUE 9COME /RATEGIES ON ! REGION40 ,CAN Y\ EXPLA9 PRECISELY :AT Y\R ANALYSIS ( ! ,ISLAMIC ,/ATE IS--:Y IT APPE>$1 & :OSE 9T]E/S IT S]VES8 

,IT IS OBVI\S ?AT ! ACTIONS ( ,ISLAMIC ,/ATE B5EFIT ! P[]S 7ECONOMIC & POLITICAL7 ?AT HAVE GOALS 9 ! REGION4 ,!SE C\LD BE DIRECT OR 9DIRECT B5EFITS ?AT /R5G!N ! H& ( !SE P[]S4 ,= EXAMPLE1 A RADICAL ,ISLAMI/ GR\P IS USEFUL = ,WE/]N ECONOMIC OR POLITICAL P[]S TO MAKE PROPAG&A AB\T DEF5D+ ,WE/]N VALUES4 ,ISLAMIC T]ROR IS ONE ( ! BIGGE/ ISSUES ?AT ,WE/]N C\NTRIES MAKE PROPAG&A AB\T4 ,MOREOV]1 IT IS ALSO A POLITICAL REALITY ?AT SOME C\NTRIES1 9CLUD+ ! ,U,S1 HAVE AGREEM5TS ) !SE FUNDAM5TALI/S4 ,?IS IS ! #e-YE>-RUNN+ ,MIDDLE ,EA/ POLICY ( ,WE/]N C\NTRIES4 

,! ,TURKI% /ATE EXPRESS$ A NEGATIVE VIEW ( ! ,ISLAMIC ,/ATE 9 EV]Y SPEE* ( ITS BUREAUCRATS4 ,BUT WE HAVE WITNESS$ REAL POLITICAL COOP]ATION ( ! ,TURKI% /ATE ) ! ,ISLAMIC ,/ATE 9 RELATION TO ! RESI/ANCE 9 ,KOBANE4 ,SO 9 ?IS SITUATION1 IT APPE>S ?AT !Y >E SUPPORT+ ,ISLAMIC ,/ATE BUT !Y >E CLAIM+ ?AT !Y >E NOT SUPPORT+ IT4 

,IT SEEMS CLE> ?AT ! ,TURKI% GOV]NM5T IS HOP+ = ! ,ISLAMIC ,/ATE TO WEAK5 ,KURDI% P[] 9 ! REGION4 ,BUT :AT DO Y\ ?9K ! ,TURKI% /ATE'S LONG-T]M GOALS >E 9 REF]5CE TO ! ,ISLAMIC ,/ATE ITSELF8 

,! ,TURKI% /ATE HAS BE5 PROVID+ L>GE AM\NTS ( >MS1 SUPPLIES1 & RECRUITS TO ,I,S,I,S EV] S9CE ! TIME :5 IT WAS P>T ( ! GLOBALLY SUPPORT$ ,FREE ,SYRIAN ,>MY4 ,?IS SUPPORT CONT9UES SURREPTITI\SLY1 S9CE POLITICALLY ! ,TURKI% /ATE HAD TO SEEM TO BE AGA9/ ,I,S,I,S AFT] ! RESI/ANCE 9 ,KOBANE SUCCE$$4 ,\R COMRADES AT ! ,TURKI% BORD] ) ,SYRIA >E /ILL REPORT+ SUSPICI\SLY L>GE TRANSPORTS CROSS+ IT4 

,! ,TURKI% /ATE HAS /RONG RELATIONS ) ! ,MUSLIM ,BRO!RHOOD1 & !IR JO9T LONG-T]M GOAL IS TO GA9 MORE P[] 9 ! REGION BY ELIM9AT+ ,ASSAD'S AU?ORITY4 ,I,S,I,S IS !IR ALLY 9 ?IS RESPECT ALSO4 

,>GUABLY1 ! ,ISLAMIC ,/ATE C\LD NEV] HAVE COME TO P[] )\T ! WEAPONS & 9/ABILITY ?AT ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES IMPORT$ TO ,IRAQ4 ,AT ! SAME TIME1 IT APPE>S ?AT ,U,S AIR/RIKES & COORD9ATION ) FI<T]S 9 ,KOBANE HAVE PLAY$ A SIGNIFICANT ROLE 9 PREV5T+ ! ,ISLAMIC ,/ATE FROM GA9+ CONTROL ( ! CITY4 ,HAS ?IS 5ABL$ ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES TO LEGITIMIZE ITSELF AMONG ?OSE DEF5D+ ,ROJAVA8 ,:AT *ALL5GES DOES ?IS CREATE !RE = AN>*I/S :O OPPOSE /ATE P[]8 

,?IS FALSE IMPRESSION IS A PRODUCT ( ! MA9/REAM M$IA4 ,U,S AIR/RIKES BEGAN V]Y LATE1 AFT] IT WAS EVID5T ?AT ,KOBANE W\LD NOT FALL1 & !Y W]E NOT CRITICAL4 ,! BOMB+S ALSO HIT ! >EAS 9 ,Y,P,G CONTROL 0BY MI/AKE40 ,& SOME AMMUNITION L&$ 9 ! H&S ( ,I,S,I,S ALSO 0BY MI/AKE40 

,! SUCCESS ( ! ,KOBANE ,RESI/ANCE CAN ONLY BE ATTRIBUT$ TO ! SELF-ORGANIZ$ P[] ( ! PEOPLE'S >M$ =CES4 ,BECAUSE ( ?IS /RONG RESI/ANCE1 AS WELL AS EXT5SIVE 9T]NATIONAL SOLID>ITY1 ! ,U,S & ITS ALLIES HAD TO TAKE /EPS BACKW>D4 

,! BOMB+S & M$IA COV]AGE >E P>T ( ! POLITICAL MANEUV]S AGA9/ ! REVOLUTION ?AT WILL TRY TO DE/ROY IT BY 9CLUD+ IT4 ,H[EV]1 ! ,ROJAVA ,REVOLUTION IS P>T ( A LONG HI/ORY ( ,KURDI% PEOPLE'S /RUGGLE = FRE$OM4 ,ITS 9SI/5CE ON BE+ /ATELESS1 ITS GA9S 9 ! LIB]ATION ( WOM51 ETC4 >E NOT CO9CID5CES4 

,! *ALL5GE IS TO COMMUNICATE ! VALUES CREAT$ 9 ! ,ROJAVA ,REVOLUTION & ! POLITICAL REALITY ( W>TIME CONDITIONS4 

,CAN Y\ SAY ANY?+ ON ! RELATION%IP BETWE5 >M$ /RUGGLE & VANGU>DISM8 ,DOES >M$ W>F>E 9EVITABLY COMPROMISE ANTI-AU?ORIT>IAN /RUGGLES1 OR >E !RE WAYS TO 5GAGE 9 W>F>E ?AT DO NOT 9EVITABLY PRODUCE HI]>*IES & SPECIALIZATION8 ,?IS HAS BE5 AN IMPORTANT CONV]SATION 9 ! ,U,S AFT] ! PROTE/S 9 ,F]GUSON1 :I* 9VOLV$ GUNFIRE FROM BO? SIDES4 ,SOME COMRADES 9 ,!SSALONIKI W]E DEBAT+ ?IS ISSUE ) US1 >GU+ ?AT :5 GUNS >E 9TRODUC$ TO SOCIAL CONFLICT1 IT IS ALWAYS A /EP AWAY FROM AN>*Y4 ,BUT P]HAPS 9 SOME CASES !RE IS NO O!R OPTION8 

,:5 ALL ! PEOPLE 7:O >E ABLE7 >E >M$1 :O IS ! VANGU>D8 ,! PEOPLE'S SELF-DEF5SE =CES 9 ,ROJAVA 9CLUDE ALL AGES1 BO? M5 & WOM5 7:O >E ALREADY LEG5D>Y FI<T]S7 FROM ALL E?NIC & RELIGI\S BACKGR\NDS 9 ! REGION4 

,! HI]>*Y CREAT$ 9 ! >M$ /RUGGLE ( ! GU]RILLA DOES NOT NECESS>ILY MEAN AN EXCLUSIVE AU?ORITY 9 ! SOCIAL /RUCTURES CREAT$ BY ! REVOLUTION4 ,?IS AW>5ESS IS A P>T ( ! ,ROJAVA PEOPLES' /RUGGLE = FRE$OM4 

,COMRADES FROM ,D,A,F & ! ,AN>KISMO ,$ITORS ,GR\P HAVE MADE /RONG >GUM5TS ?AT IT IS IMPORTANT TO ACT 9 SOLID>ITY ) ! /RUGGLE 9 ,ROJAVA :E!R OR NOT IT IS AN EXPLICITLY 0AN>*I/0 /RUGGLE4 ,BUT NO SOCIETY1 E?NIC GR\P1 OR /RUGGLE IS HOMOG5\S2 EA* CONTA9S 9T]NAL CONFLICTS & CONTRADICTIONS1 & ! H>DE/ P>T ( SOLID>ITY WORK IS USUALLY FIGUR+ \T H[ TO TAKE SIDES 7OR AVOID TAK+ SIDES74 ,9 Y\R EF=TS TO %[ SOLID>ITY ) ?OSE /RUGGL+ 9 ,ROJAVA1 HAS ,D,A,F 5C\NT]$ T5SIONS BETWE5 MORE AU?ORIT>IAN & LESS AU?ORIT>IAN /RUCTURES )9 ! DEF5SE8 ,H[ >E Y\ 5GAG+ ) !M8 

,AS Y\ HAVE /AT$1 NO POPUL> MOVEM5T IS HOMOG5\S4 ,! IMPORTANCE ( ! ,ROJAVA ,REVOLUTION IS ! REVOLUTION>Y EF=TS ?AT >E BECOM+ G5]ALIZ$4 ,?IS IS A MUTUAL PROCESS 9 :I* ! PEOPLE ( ,ROJAVA >E BECOM+ AW>E AB\T SOCIAL REVOLUTION & AT ! SAME TIME >E %AP+ A SOCIAL REVOLUTION4 ,! ,Y,P,G & ,Y,P,J >E SELF-DEF5SE ORGANIZATIONS CREAT$ BY ! PEOPLE4 ,! *>ACT] ( BO? ORGANIZATIONS HAS BE5 CRITICIZ$ 9 MANY TEXTS AS AU?ORIT>IAN4 

,SIMIL> DISCUSSIONS TOOK PLACE AMONG COMRADES 9 ! E>LY #bS 9 REF]5CE TO ! ,ZAPATI/A MOVEM5T4 ,!RE W]E MANY CRITIQUES ( ! ,E,Z,L,N'S AU?ORIT>IAN *>ACT] 9 ! ,ZAPATI/A ,REVOLUTION4 ,CRITIQUES AB\T ! *>ACT] ( ! POPUL> MOVEM5TS MU/ TAKE 9TO ACC\NT ! POLITICAL REALITY4 ,AS ,D,A,F1 WE W\LD FRAME CRITIQUES ON ! PROCESS ?AT >E BAS$ ON \R EXP]I5CES1 & :I* >E F> FROM BE+ PREJUDGM5TS AB\T ,KURDI% MOVEM5T4 ,SO !RE IS NO COOP]ATION ) ANY AU?ORIT>IAN /RUCTURE1 NOR WILL ANY AU?ORIT>IAN /RUCTURE PLAY A ROLE 9 SOCIAL REVOLUTION4 

,9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 SOME AN>*I/S HAVE SOMETIMES SPOK5 ( C]TA9 E?NIC GR\PS SU* AS ! PEOPLE ( ,*IAPAS AS IF !Y >E 0CULTURALLY AN>*I/40 ,N[ SOME PEOPLE H]E >E SPEAK+ AB\T ! ,KURDI% PEOPLE ! SAME WAY4 ,TO US1 AL?\< WE DO NOT WANT TO R5D] ! /RUGGLES ( OPPRESS$ PEOPLES & COLONIZ$ PEOPLES 9VISIBLE1 IT ALSO SEEMS SIMPLI/IC & DANG]\S TO CONFUSE E?NIC ID5TITY ) POLITICS4 ,LIKEWISE1 \R COMRADES 9 =M] ,YUGOSLAVIA HAVE EXPRESS$ CONC]NS OV] /RUGGLES ?AT >E BAS$ 9 E?NIC OR RELIGI\S ID5TITY1 ON ACC\NT ( !IR EXP]I5CE ( ! #a#i#iS CIVIL W>4 ,H[ IMPORTANT IS E?NIC ID5TITY 9 ! /RUGGLE 9 ,ROJAVA8 ,DO Y\ SEE ?IS AS A POT5TIAL PROBLEM1 OR NOT8 

,! ,ROJAVA ,REVOLUTION IS 9DE$ MADE BY PEOPLES ) AT LEA/ F\R DIFF]5T E?NIC & ?REE DIFF]5T RELIGI\S BACKGR\NDS1 :O >E ACTIVELY TAK+ P>T EQUALLY 9 BO? MILIT>Y & SOCIAL FRONTS4 ,ALSO1 ! PEOPLE ( ,ROJAVA 9SI/ ON BE+ /ATELESS1 :5 !RE IS ALREADY A NEI<BOR+ ,KURDI% /ATE 9 PLACE4 ,KURDI% E?NIC ID5TITY HAS BE5 SUBJECT TO ! D5IAL & OPPRESSION POLICIES ( ALL ! /ATES 9 ! REGION4 ,RAIS+ OPPRESS$ ID5TITIES IS /RATEGICALLY IMPORTANT 9 PEOPLES' /RUGGLE = FRE$OM1 BUT NOT TO ! EXT5T ?AT IT IS A DEVICE ( DISCRIM9ATION & DECEPTION4 ,?IS BALANCE IS ( KEY IMPORTANCE & ! ,ROJAVA ,REVOLUTION HAS ALREADY PROV$ ITSELF 9 ?IS RESPECT4 

,D,A,F ALSO F9DS ?AT ! VALUES ?AT ! PEOPLE ( ,*IAPAS HAVE CREAT$ 9 !IR /RUGGLE = FRE$OM ALIGN ) AN>*ISM1 AL?\< 0CULTURALLY AN>*I/0 W\LD NOT BE A T]M WE W\LD USE4 

,>E !RE ANY O!R REGIONS ( ! ,MIDDLE ,EA/ :]E SOCIAL EXP]IM5TS LIKE ! ONE 9 ,ROJAVA >E TAK+ PLACE1 OR :]E !Y MI<T EM]GE8 ,:AT W\LD IT TAKE1 9T]NATIONALLY1 = :AT IS PROMIS+ 9 ,ROJAVA TO SPREAD8 

,! ,ROJAVA ,REVOLUTION HAS BE5 DEVELOP+ 9 A TIME :5 MANY SOCIO-ECONOMIC CRISES APPE>$ >\ND ! WORLD3 ,GREECE1 ,EGYPT1 ,UKRA9E444 ,DUR+ ! FIR/ P]IOD ( ! ,>AB ,SPR+S1 ! SOCIAL OPPOSITION SUPPORT$ ?IS 0SPR+ WAVE40 ,AFT] A :ILE1 !SE WAVES EVOLV$ 9TO CLA%ES BETWE5 FUNDAM5TALI/S & SECUL> MILIT>I/ P[]S4 ,SO ! REVOLUTION 9 ,ROJAVA APPE>$ AT A CONJUNCTURE :5 ! SOCIAL OPPOSITION HAD LO/ !IR HOPES 9 ! ,MIDDLE ,EA/4 ,ITS [N 9T]NATIONAL *>ACT] & 9T]NATIONAL SOLID>ITY WILL SPREAD ?IS EF=T--FIR/ 9 ! ,MIDDLE ,EA/1 !N >\ND ! WORLD4 

,:AT DOES ! CONFLICT 9 ,KOBANE TELL US AB\T ! K9D ( /RUGGLES AHEAD 9 ! #b#a/ C5TURY8 ,IT SEEMS TO BE AN E>LY EXAMPLE ( :AT MI<T HAPP5 9 0SACRIFICE ZONES0 9 :I* TRADITIONAL /ATE =CES SEAL (F ! >EA & )DRAW1 LEAV+ AUTONOM\S COMMUNITIES TO DO BATTLE ) NEW FUNDAM5TALI/ OR NEO-FASCI/ PO/-/ATE ORGANIZATIONS4 ,DO Y\ SEE :AT IS HAPP5+ !RE AS SOME?+ NEW1 OR OLD8 ,OR BO?8 

,AS WE /AT$ ABOVE1 ?IS IS A P>T ( ! PROCESS ?AT />T$ ) ! 0SPR+ WAVES40 ,IT CAN BE UND]/OOD AS A P>T ( ?IS !ORY ( 0SACRIFICE ZONES40 ,BUT ?IS !ORY GIVES A GREAT DEAL ( IMPORTANCE TO ! *>ACT] ( 9T]NATIONAL P[]S AS SUBJECTS4 ,WE ALSO HAVE TO RECOGNIZE ! ROLE ( 9T]NAL POLITICAL1 ECONOMIC1 & SOCIAL =CES4 ,WE HAVE TO *ECK \T ! 9T]NAL CAPITAL ?AT HAS RELATIONS ) FUNDAM5TALI/S AGA9/ 9T]NATIONAL CAPITALI/ P[]S4 

,MOREOV]1 ONE ( ! BIGGE/ ISSUES TO UND]/& ! POLITICAL CULTURE ( ! ,MIDDLE ,EA/ IS TO RECOGNIZE ITS UNIQUE *>ACT]4 ,RELIGION HAS A UNIQUE EFFECT 9 ! POLITICAL AG5DA ( ! ,EA/4 ,NOT JU/ = ! ,ROJAVA ,REVOLUTION1 BUT ACROSS ! BO>D1 ,D,A,F'S P]SPECTIVE ON 9T]NATIONAL POLITICS IS BAS$ 9 AN UND]/&+ ( RELATIONS ( DOM9ATION BETWE5 SOCIAL1 ECONOMIC1 & POLITICAL =CES :I* COOP]ATE & CLA% FROM TIME TO TIME ACCORD+ TO CONV5I5CE1 ALL ( :I* >E USELESS = OPPRESS$ PEOPLE4 

,FUR!R ,READ+ 

  

,RES\RCES ON ! ,ROJAVA ,REVOLUTION--,A BROAD SELECTION ( COV]AGE & REF]5CE MAT]IAL 

,AN ,9T]VIEW ) ,REVOLUTION>Y ,AN>*I/ ,ACTION 7,D,A,F7 ON ,KOBANE3 0,WE >E ,KAWA AGA9/ ,DEHAKS0--,ANO!R 9T]VIEW ) ! ,D,A,F 

,D,A,F ,FACEBOOK PAGE 

,REVOLUTION ,WILL ,W9 9 ,KOBANE6--A ,D,A,F REPORT FROM ,BOYDE ,VILLAGE ON ! ,SYRIAN BORD] DUR+ ! FIR/ MON? ( ! /RUGGLE 9 ,KOBANE 

,ROJAVA'S ,COMMUNES & ,C\NCILS--,AN OV]VIEW ( H[ ! /RUCTURES ( DIRECT DEMOCRACY FUNCTION 9 REVOLUTION>Y ,ROJAVA 

,! ,EXP]IM5T ( ,WE/ ,KURDI/AN ,HAS ,PROV$ ?AT ,PEOPLE ,CAN ,MAKE ,*ANGES--,A REPORT BY A MEMB] ( ! ,KURDI/AN ,AN>*I/S ,=UM :O SP5T TWO WEEKS 9 ,SYRIAN ,KURDI/AN 

,BOOK*91 ,OCALAN1 & ! ,DIALECTICS ( ,DEMOCRACY--,ON ! RELATION%IP BETWE5 ! =M] AN>*I/ ,MURRAY ,BOOK*9 & ,ABDULLAH ,OCALAN1 ! LEAD] ( ! ,P,K,K 

,! ,KURDI% ,QUE/ION3 ,?R\< ! L5S ( ,AN>*I/ ,RESI/ANCE 9 ! ,HE>T ( ! ,OTTOMAN ,EMPIRE #a#h#h-#a#i#b#c--,A DEEP BACKGR\ND ON AN>*ISM 9 ! REGION 

7,S\RCE3 ,RETRIEV$ ON ,FEBRU>Y #g?1 #bae FROM HTTP3_/_/CRIME?9C4COM_/TEXTS_/R_/KOBANE_/47 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,JANU>Y #a#d1 #bbb 3 ,TURKI% ,AN>*I/S ON ! ,FI<T = ,KOBANE -- ,ADD$4 

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