,TW5TY-,ONE ,!SES = ! ,PEOPLE'S ,ECOLOGY 9 ! ,TW5TY-,FIR/ ,C5TURY ,PEOPLE 3 ,AU?OR 3 ,JANET ,BIEHL ,TEXT 3 ,! 0#b#a ,!SES10 DAT$ ,JULY #bad & PUBLI%$ 9 ,NOVEMB] #b#a#e1 M>K$ ! BIR? ( ! ,SOCIAL ,ECOLOGY ,COOP]ATIVE 9 ,P>IS4 ,9 ,MAY #baf ,I HAD ! OPPORTUNITY TO ASK ,PATRICK ,F>BIAZ1 ONE ( ITS F\ND]S1 :AT ! COOP]ATIVE MEANT BY SOCIAL ECOLOGY4 ,HE EXPLA9$ ?AT IT VIEWS ECOLOGY ?R\< ! EYES ( ! POOR 9 ! GLOBAL ,S\?4 ,IT ADVANCES AN 0ECOLOGY ( LIB]ATION0 9SPIR$ BY ! 0!OLOGY ( LIB]ATION10 A =MULATION ( ,*RI/IAN DOCTR9E SE5 ?R\< ! EYES ( ! POOR1 ESPECIALLY 9 ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA4 ,?IS =M ( POLITICAL ECOLOGY HAS /RONG OV]TONES ) ! 5VIRONM5TAL JU/ICE MOVEM5T ?AT EM]G$ 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES 9 ! #a#i#gS1 :I* S\ CLASSES10 ?OSE DISPOSSESS$ BY CAPITALI/ MOD]NITY ON A GLOBAL SCALE4 ,! AFF9ITIES ) ,BOOK*9'S SOCIAL ECOLOGY >E CLE>1 NOTABLY ! SOCIAL ORIG9S ( ! ECOLOGICAL CRISES2 ! DI/9CTION BETWE5 5VIRONM5TALISM 79H]5TLY RE=MI/7 & ECOLOGY 7:I* 9 POLITICAL T]MS IS SOCIALLY REVOLUTION>Y72 ! ORI5TATION T[>D ! D[NTRODD52 ! CONC]N = LOCALIZATION2 & ! BITT] OPPOSITION TO GRE5 CAPITALISM4 ,! ?REE F\ND+ MEMB]S ( ! ,COOP]ATIVE ,ECOLOGIE ,SOCIALE HAVE BE5 ASSOCIAT$ ) ! V>I\S EVOLV+ ,FR5* ,GRE5 P>TIES 7,LES ,V]TS1 ,ECOLOGY ,EUROPE1 ,ECOLOGY ,EUROPE-,LES ,V]TS1 OR ,E,E,L,V7 S9CE ! E>LY #a#i#iS4 ,FRANC9E ,BAVAY WAS ELECT$ 9 #bd TO ! REGIONAL C\NCIL = ,ILE-DE-,FRANCE & BECAME SECOND VICE PRESID5T 9 *>GE ( SOCIAL DEVELOPM5T1 ! SOCIAL ECONOMY1 & SOLID>ITY1 HEAL?1 & DISABILITY4 ,%E HAS S9CE QUIT ELECTIVE (FICE & N[ ORGANIZES >\ND LOCAL CURR5CY4 ,PATRICK ,F>BIAZ WORKS 9 ! (FICE ( ,NOEL ,MAM]E1 A DEPUTY 9 ! ,FR5* ,NATIONAL ,ASSEMBLY4 ,S]GE ,CORONADO1 AN ,E,E,L,V (FICEHOLD]1 REPRES5TS ,FR5* NATIONALS 9 ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA & ! ,C>IBBEAN 9 ! ASSEMBLY4 ,I AM PUBLI%+ ITS ,5GLI% TRANSLATION H]E \T ( RESPECT = ! COOP]ATIVE'S EF=T TO BR+ SOCIAL ECOLOGY 9TO ! TW5TY-FIR/ C5TURY BY CA/+ IT 9 GLOBAL T]MS & = ITS EMPHASIS ON 5VIRONM5TAL JU/ICE4 ,= MORE 9=MATION AB\T ! COOP]ATIVE1 TO SEE ITS O!R DOCUM5TS1 & TO CONSULT ! ORIG9AL ,FR5* = ?IS ONE1 SEE ITS WEBSITE AT ,ECOLGIESOCIALE4ORG4 ,! ,PEOPLE'S ,ECOLOGY IS ! POLITICAL RESPONSE ( ECOLOGI/S :O REFUSE TO RESIGN !MSELVES TO ! DOM9ATION1 EXPLOITATION1 & ALI5ATION ( ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM4 ,IT R5OVATES ECOLOGICAL ?9K+ BY PROPOS+ A NEW N>RATIVE ( ECOLOGY BAS$ ON A VISION ( ! HI/ORY ( ECOLOGY & HUMANITY \TSIDE ! MA9/REAM4 ,F> FROM BE+ AN AB/RACT MODEL1 IT (F]S A CONCRETE ALT]NATIVE 9 ! FACE ( ! 5VIRONM5TAL CRISIS ?AT ?REAT5S HUMANITY4 ,BUILD+ ! PEOPLE'S ECOLOGY WILL RECA/ ! ECOLOGY PROJECT BY CONJO9+ ! HI/ORIC =CE ( ! POOR ) ! DEF5SE ( ! PLANET & ! COMMONS4 ,?IS MANIFE/O />TS ) ! SIMPLE IDEA ?AT !RE >E TWO ECOLOGIES1 ONE FROM ABOVE & ONE FROM BEL[4 ,! FROM-ABOVE ECOLOGY ADVOCATES DEVELOP+ AN ECONOMY BAS$ ON GRE5 GR[?4 ,IT SEEKS TO BE1 9 EFFECT1 ! SP>E TIRE 9 ! GLOBALIZ$ CAPITALI/ SY/EM4 ,! O!R ECOLOGY IS ! FROM-BEL[ /RUGGLE ( ! POPUL> CLASSES = SURVIVAL1 & = MEET+ !IR NE$S 9 T]MS ( ACCESS TO ECOLOGICAL RES\RCES4 ,BETWE5 !SE TWO ECOLOGIES1 ! GAP IS WID5+ EV]Y DAY1 & IT IS NECESS>Y TO *OOSE4 ,& CONSID]+ ! %OCK ?AT IS COM+1 ! ALT]NATIVE MU/ BE A POLITICAL ECOLOGY4 #a7 ,! GLOBAL CRISIS ?AT WE >E EXP]I5C+ IS MULTIDIM5SIONAL3 IT IS F9ANCIAL1 ECONOMIC1 SOCIAL1 CULTURAL1 ID5TIT>IAN--& ECOLOGICAL4 ,?IS LA/ FEATURE IS ! RADICALLY NEW ELEM5T ?AT IS DRIV+ ! WORLD T[>D AN EXI/5TIAL *OICE3 ! B>B>ISM 5G5D]$ BY M>KET FUNDAM5TALISM OR A POLITICS ( CIVILIZATION 9 ! L&S ( 0LIV+ WELL40 ,! CAPITALI/ SY/EM1 5GAG$ 9 A LOGIC ( DE/RUCTION1 CANNOT BE RE=M$1 EV5 IF ! GRE5 ECONOMY IS MAK+ A F9AL ATTEMPT TO SALVAGE A SOLUTION TO ITS CRISIS4 ,! 0CIVILIZ+ MISSION ( CAPITALISM10 BAS$ ON ! DEVELOPM5T ( PRODUCTIVE =CES & DEF5D$ BY LIB]AL ?9K]S AS WELL AS BY SOCIALI/S1 HAS L$ TO DISRUPTIONS ( MAJOR BALANCES 9 ! E>? SY/EM ?AT >E POIS$ TO R5D] HUMAN LIFE IMPOSSIBLE4 ,CAPITALISM IS 9COMPATIBLE ) RESPECT = NATURAL LIMITS4 ,! EV] MORE RAPID DE/RUCTION ( ECOSY/EMS1 ! DISRUPTION ( ! CLIMATE1 *EMICAL POLLUTION & DISEASES IT CAUSES1 ! RAPID DECL9E ( BIODIV]SITY1 ! DEGRADATION ( SOIL1 ! DE/RUCTION ( ! RA9=E/S1 GLOBAL SOCIAL AP>!ID PRODUC$ BY ! BRUTAL DEVELOPM5T ( 9EQUALITY1 & ! RISE ( ID5TIT>IAN & RELIGI\S VIOL5CE >E ! MA9 SYMPTOMS4 ,!SE CRISES /EM FROM ! MODE ( PRODUCTION ?AT BECAME DOM9ANT OV] TWO C5TURIES --CAPITALISM--& ! RESULT+ PATT]NS ( CONSUMPTION & MOBILITY4 ,?IS ECOLOGICALLY & SOCIALLY UNSU/A9ABLE MODE ( DEVELOPM5T IS LEAD+ ! BIOSPH]E TO COLLAPSE4 #b7 ,! ONLY =CE ?AT HAS ANTICIPAT$ ?IS CRISIS IS POLITICAL ECOLOGY4 ,POLITICAL ECOLOGY HAS SEV]AL CURR5TS1 BUT ALONE AMONG ALL POLITICAL FAMILIES1 ECOLOGY CONSID]S IT NECESS>Y TO *ANGE ! MODEL ( DEVELOPM5T BY R$UC+ \R ECOLOGICAL FOOTPR9T1 BY DEF5D+ ! ECOSY/EMS ( ! PLANET AGA9/ PR$ATORS1 & BY PROTECT+ ! COMMONS :ILE MEET+ FUNDAM5TAL SOCIAL NE$S4 ,ECOLOGY F\ND$ ON ! PR9CIPLES ( AUTONOMY1 RESPONSIBILITY1 & EQUILIBRIUM CALLS = EMBRAC+ UNIV]SAL VALUES ( PROTECT+ ! L& & HUMAN & NON-HUMAN RITIES1 :OSE SOCIAL BASE CORRESPOND$ TO ! PO/-#a#i#f#h /UD5T G5]ATION ?AT HAD GR[N UP DUR+ ! AFFLU5T PO/W> DECADES4 ,?IS SOCIAL BASE CAN BE REF]R$ TO AS ! MIDDLE CLASS1 :I* HAS HI< CULTURAL CAPITAL AT ITS DISPOSAL & LIVES 9 ! URBAN C5T]S ( L>GE CITIES2 IT HAS CONFIGUR$ POLITICAL ECOLOGY 9 ITS [N IMAGE & FUNCTIONS 9 ITS [N 9T]E/S4 ,IT ADVOCATES A POLITICS ( GRE5+ ?AT SETS /&>DS FROM ABOVE & ?AT REG>DS ADAPTATION TO CAPITALISM BY MEANS ( A GRE5 ECONOMY AS ! HORIZON ( POLITICAL ECOLOGY4 #c7 ,ANO!R ECOLOGY1 ISSU+ FROM ! HI/ORICAL =CE ( ! POOR1 ! ECOLOGY FROM BEL[1 >OSE 9 ,ASIA1 ,AFRICA1 & ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA4 ,?IS PLEBEIAN ECOLOGY1 EM]G+ FROM ! L>GE MAJORITY ( ! PLANET1 ANIMATES EV]Y:]E /RUGGLES = ! SURVIVAL ( HUMANITY & ( BIODIV]SITY4 ,NATIVE TO ! SOCIAL P]IPH]Y1 IT MOBILIZES MILLIONS ( WOM5 & M5 AGA9/ ! F9ANCIAL & 9DU/RIAL OLIG>*Y ?AT IS DE/ROY+ ! PLANET & ?REAT5+ ! SURVIVAL ( HUMANITY & ! CONDITIONS = LIFE AMONG ! DISPOSSESS$ ?R\<\T ! WORLD3 AGA9/ ! DE/RUCTION ( =E/S1 AGA9/ L>GE DAMS1 AGA9/ ! EXTRACTION ( OIL & M9]AL RES\RCES1 & = ! SURVIVAL ( !IR LANGUAGES & !IR CULTURAL DIV]SITY1 AGA9/ 9DU/RIAL DISA/]S1 AGA9/ 5VIRONM5TAL RACISM4 444 ,! ECOLOGY FROM BEL[ CURR5TLY HAS NOT BE5 TRANSLAT$ 9TO A =MAL POLITICS4 ,:5 IT APPE>S )9 ! GRE5 P>TIES1 IT IS MO/ (T5 A M9ORITY4 ,IT IS EXPRESS$ 9 ORGANIZ$ SOCIAL MOVEM5TS 7,M,/ 9 ,BRAZIL1 ,VIA ,CAMPES9A1 9DIG5\S MOVEM5TS7 & 9 ! POPUL> UPRIS+S 7! ,WAT] ,W> 9 ,BOLIVIA1 RIOTS 9 ,*9A1 ANTI-DAM MOVEM5TS 9 ,9DIA74 ,IT IS /ILL SEEK+ ITS REF]5CES1 BUT ALREADY IT HAS BECOME 9DISP5SABLE1 ESPECIALLY DUR+ SU* MAJOR MEET+S ( POLITICAL ECOLOGY AS ,R,I,O "4 #b OR :5 T5S ( ?\S&S ( ECOLOGI/S DEMON/RATE AGA9/ ! GRE5 ECONOMY & ITS CONSEQU5CES & EXPRESS ?R\< ! ,CLIMATE ,JU/ICE NETWORK ! REQUIREM5TS ( SOCIAL ECOLOGICAL MOVEM5TS 444 ,GRADUALLY1 ! PEOPLE'S ECOLOGY IS SPREAD+ 9 ,WE/]N C\NTRIES1 9 PEASANT COMMUNITIES FI NEIY & POSSIBLE4 #d7 ,!SE TWO POLES ( POLITICAL ECOLOGY HAVE !IR ROOTS 9 AN E>LI] /ORY ?AT HAS BE5 DIVID$ S9CE ITS 9CEPTION4 ,S9CE ! N9ETE5? C5TURY1 A GAP HAS WID5$ BETWE5 ! SCI5TIFIC ECOLOGY FROM ABOVE1 =M$ 9TO L>GE P>T BY COLONIAL SCI5CE1 HYGI5ISM1 CONS]VATIONISM1 & SOCIAL ,D>W9ISM4 ,DRIV5 BY ! POSITIVI/ IDEOLOGY & ! RELIGION ( UNLIMIT$ PROGRESS1 ECOLOGY FROM ABOVE 9FLU5C$ ! FIR/ ECOLOGI/S1 (T5 NATURALI/S & 5VIRONM5TALI/S1 9 ! TW5TIE? C5TURY4 ,ON ! O!R SIDE1 ECOLOGY FROM BEL[ IS AN ECOLOGY ( TRANS=MATION1 ( ! PEOPLE'S ECOLOGY1 EM]G+ FROM ! /RUGGLES ( WORK]S1 PEASANTS1 & ANTICOLONIAL PEOPLES = SURVIVAL4 ,/RUGGLES = SURVIVAL >E F\NDATIONAL TO ! PEOPLE'S ECOLOGY4 ,! POPUL> CLASSES WILL DEF5D NOT ONLY !IR MAT]IAL CONDITIONS ( LIFE BUT ALSO !IR NATURAL 5VIRONM5T1 AS CAPITALI/ MOD]NITY DE/ROYS !IR CIVILIZATION4 ,CAPITAL HAS DE/ROY$ ! CONDITIONS ( LIFE & WORK ( COMMUNITIES ( PEASANTS & >TISANS 9 ! NAME ( ,PROGRESS1 ,SCI5CE1 & ,REASON4 ,9 ?IS S5SE ! ,RIY ( ! LEFT & ( ECOLOGY 9 FI CLASSES4 ,! ,T]RA ,NOVA ,F\NDATION CALLS LEFTI/S UNCONC]N$ AB\T ! FUTURE 0BOBOS10 S9CE !Y HAVE DE FACTO AB&ON$ ! POPUL> CLASSES 9 FAVOR ( AB/5TION OR ! ,NATIONAL ,FRONT2 9 SO DO+1 !Y >E FOLL[+ ! LOGIC ( SOCIALISM & SCI5TIFIC ECOLOGY 9 DESPIS+ ! SOCIALISM ( !IR ORIG9S1 ( WORK]S1 9DIG5\S PEOPLES1 & PEASANT MOVEM5TS1 CLAIM+ !Y >E N[ >*AIC4 ,! DECOLONIZATION ( ! IMAG9>Y ?US CONTRIBUTES TO ! R$ISCOV]Y ( ! VALUES & HI/ORY ( ! DIS9H]IT$1 :O >E ! EXACT OPPOSITE ( ! M>KET SOCIETY BAS$ ON PR(IT & COMPETITION EXAC]BAT$ AMONG 9DIVIDUALS3 !Y REPRES5T CONSOCIATION1 CONC]N = O!RS1 ! COMMON [N]%IP ( L&1 ! GIFT1 MUTUAL AID1 COOP]ATION1 & CIVILITY4 ,PATRICK ,F>BIAZ & ,FRANC9E ,BAVAY ( ! ,COOP]ATIVE ,ECOLOGIE-,SOCIALE 9 ,P>IS #e7 ,! PEOPLE'S ECOLOGY WAS BORN 9 ! N9ETE5?-C5TURY ECOLOGY ( WORK]S' ASSOCIATIONISM1 AGR>IAN POPULISM1 ,LUDDISM1 CIVIL DISOB$I5CE1 & LIB]T>IAN GEOGRAPHY4 ,WORK]S' ASSOCIATIONISM IS ! TAPROOT ( ! SOCIAL & SOLID>I/IC ECONOMY2 ,LUDDISM IS ! ROOT ( ! CRITIQUE ( 9DU/RIALISM & ME*ANIZATION2 AGR>IAN POPULISM EM]G$ FROM /RUGGLES & W>S ( RURAL COMMUNITIES TO DEF5D !IR LIFEWAYS & EXI/5CE AGA9/ ! DEVELOPM5T ( ANO!R RELATION TO E>? & TO COMMODIFICATION2 CIVIL DISOB$I5CE ORIG9AT$ 9 ME?ODS ( NONCOOP]ATION 9 /RUGGLES US$ FROM ,?OREAU TO ,G&HI & PASS+ ?R\< ! ,L&LESS ( ,BRAZIL2 ! LIB]T>IAN GEOGRAPHY ( ,RECLUS & ,KROPOTK91 C\NT]+ SOCIOBIOLOGY1 DEVELOP$ ! CONCEPT ( MUTUAL AID & COOP]ATION4 ,! (FICIAL HI/ORY ( ECOLOGY REC\NTS ITS EM]G5CE AS A PASS+ ( ! BATON FROM SCI5TIFIC ECOLOGI/S TO 5VIRONM5TALI/ & NATURALI/ MOVEM5TS ) B\RGEOIS S5SIBILITIES T[>D NATURE4 ,AFT] #a#i#f#h1 A SET ( CURR5TS1 BORN 9 ! #a#i#gS1 FROM A CULTURAL & G5]ATIONAL MOVEM5T N\RI%$ BY V>I\S 9FLU5CES 7FEM9ISM1 ,?IRD ,WORLD1 PACIFISM & NONVIOL5CE1 LIB]T>IAN1 SOCIALI/ SELF-MANAGEM5T7 CAME TOGE!R & GAVE BIR? TO POLITICAL ECOLOGY & ! GRE5 P>TIES4 ,?IS /ORY IS FALSE BECAUSE IT DELIB]ATELY OMITS ! ECOLOGY ( ! POOR1 :I* 9 ! #a#i? & #b? C5TURIES NEV] CEAS$ TO FI ,ATLANTIC TRADE SY/EM1 BAS$ ON HUMAN SLAV]Y1 :I* RESULT$ 9 ! DE/RUCTION ( 9DIG5\S PEOPLES & PUT 9 PLACE EXTRACTIVISM1 ! GRABB+ ( NATURAL RES\RCES & RAW MAT]IALS4 ,! SECOND GLOBALIZATION1 BAS$ ON COAL & /EAM 5]GY1 G5]AT$ WAGE LABOR1 =C$ LABOR1 & PRODUCTIVISM1 ?AT IS1 ! RELIGION ( PRODUCTION BAS$ ON ! PR(ITS REAP$ BY COLONIAL EMPIRES4 ,MEAN:ILE 5CLOSURES PUT AN 5D TO ! COMMON [N]%IP ( L& & TRANS=M$ MILLIONS ( PEASANTS 9TO EXT5SIONS ( MA*9ES4 ,! DE/RUCTION ( ! PEASANT COMMUNITY CO9CID$ ) ! BIR? ( ! 9DU/RIAL PROLET>IAT4 ,! ?IRD GLOBALIZATION1 G5]AT$ BY OIL EXPLOITATION1 WAS ?AT ( ,=DISM & ELECTRICITY1 ( CONSUM]ISM & ALI5ATION4 ,! F\R? GLOBALIZATION1 US+ NUCLE> P[]1 PEAK OIL & R5EWABLE 5]GY1 IS CONTEMPOR>Y ) ! PLANN$ OBSOLESC5CE ( PRODUCTS & ( HUMANITY ITSELF4 ,?IS ]A WILL LEAD EI!R TO B>B>ISM & *AOS OR TO A HUMANI/ ,R5AISSANCE BAS$ ON GLOBAL CITIZ5%IP & EMPA?Y4 ,! CURR5T GLOBALIZATION ?REAT5S ! V]Y EXI/5CE ( HUMANITY4 ,READ+ !SE F\R GLOBALIZATIONS ?R\< AN ECOLOGICAL PRISM %[S ?AT CAPITALI/ MOD]NITY HAS ALWAYS BE5 BAS$ ON ! EXPLOITATION ( ! WORK+ CLASSES & ! DE/RUCTION ( !IR ECOSY/EMS4 ,?OSE :O >E DOM9AT$ HAVE NEV] CEAS$ TO CONTE/ ! DOM9ATION ( HUMAN & ( NATURE1 AS EVID5C$ BY ,9DIAN RESI/ANCE1 RUNAWAY SLAVES1 SLAVE REVOLTS1 RIOTS & PEASANT W>S1 /RUGGLES = ! RIGE UNNECESS>Y PROJECTS4 ,:AT ,IS ! ,PEOPLE'S ,ECOLOGY8 #g7 ,! PEOPLE'S ECOLOGY IS NEI!R MA9/REAM NOR NEUTRAL4 ,ECOLOGY IS 9TIMATELY 9VOLV$ ) SOCIAL RELATIONS & CONFRONTATIONS FROM LOCAL TO GLOBAL4 ,IT PLACES AT ! C5T] ( ITS ?9K+ ! CONFLICT BETWE5 ! POPUL> CLASSES & ! POLITICAL & ECONOMIC OLIG>*Y1 = ! SIMPLE REASON ?AT ALL P>TS ( HUMANITY DO NOT EXP]I5CE ! ECOLOGICAL CRISIS 9 ! SAME WAY4 ,9EQUALITIES 9 9COME1 P[]1 & CULTURAL FLU5CY1 :I* LIE AT ! ROOT ( ECOLOGICAL CRISES1 5SURE ?AT SOME ( US LACK ! CAPACITY TO PROTECT \RSELVES FROM ITS EFFECTS4 ,! AIM ( ! PEOPLE'S ECOLOGY IS TO ]ADICATE SOCIAL 9EQUALITIES1 />T+ BY DECOMMODIFY+ WAT]1 AIR1 E>? & 9 G5]AL ALL PUBLIC GOODS 7HEAL?1 $UCATION1 CULTURE74 ,! F9ANCIALIZATION ( ! WORLD IS ! HID IS ,K+ ,MONEY & ! LEVEL ( MAT]IAL WEAL? IS ! 9DEX ( CALCULAT+ HAPP9ESS4 ,! PEOPLE'S ECOLOGY1 AGA9/ ! DICTATOR%IP ( ! ECONOMIC1 HAS TAK5 SIDES1 & ITS PREF]5CE = ! POOR F9DS /R5G? 9 DEF5D+ ! LIV+ CONDITIONS ( ! POOR1 ! DIS9H]IT$1 ! DISPOSSESS$1 ! \TCA/S1 & ! UNSE51 TO BETT] FIE DIRECTLY ?REAT5$ BY ! CRISIS4 #h7 ,! PEOPLE'S ECOLOGY IS A POLITICAL & IDEOLOGICAL CURR5T ( ! ,GRE5 & 9T]NATIONAL ECOLOGY MOVEM5TS4 ,IT RADICALLY DI/+UI%ES ITSELF FROM O!R T5D5CIES3 ,5VIRONM5TALISM4 ,?IS T5D5CY R$UCES POLITICAL ECOLOGY TO NO?+ MORE ?AN PROTECTION ( ! 5VIRONM5T4 ,BUT POLITICAL ECOLOGY IS A COMPREH5SIVE & SY/EMIC APPROA* TO ! RELATIONS AMONG PEOPLE1 SOCIETY1 & NATURE4 ,AN 5VIRONM5TALISM ?AT ONLY DEF5DS WILDLIFE LIMITS ITSELF TO ONE ASPECT ( ECOLOGY & BECOMES ,N,I,M,B,Y-TYPE CORPORATISM :5 IT 5T]S ! POLITICAL FIELD4 ,DEEP ECOLOGY4 ,?IS =M ( ANTIHUMANISM EM]G$ FROM CONS]VATIONISM1 :I* HAS ALWAYS EXCLUD$ HUMAN BE+S FROM ! ECOSY/EM4 ,F\ND$ BY ! ,NORWEGIAN PHILOSOPH] ,>NE ,NAESS1 ?IS S*OOL ( ?\BON M>KETS 4444 ,! PEOPLE'S ECOLOGY4 ,PURSU+ ! ECOLOGY ( TRANS=MATION1 ?IS RADICAL ECOLOGY 9CLUDES SUPPORT]S ( DE-GR[?1 SOCIAL ECOLOGY1 & ECO-SOCIALISM4 ,! ECOLOGY ( TRANS=MATION BELIEVES ?AT CAPITALISM CANNOT BE RE=M$1 & IT SETS AB\T CREAT+ ! CONDITIONS = OV]COM+ IT1 ?R\< SOCIAL PRACTICES1 CONCRETE /RUGGLES1 & ! ELABORATION ( A POLITICAL PROJECT ?AT TAKES REC\RSE NEI!R TO ! LAWS ( ! M>KET NOR TO ! /ATE AS ! SUPREME SAVIOR4 #i7 ,! PEOPLE'S ECOLOGY IS NOT ECO-SOCIALISM4 ,IT IS NOT A COPY-&-PA/E ( ! !SES ( SCI5TIFIC SOCIALISM & ECOLOGY4 ,IT IS NOT A SUCCESSOR ( PRODUCTIVI/ SOCIALISM BUT EXI/S AS AN ALT]NATIVE TO IT4 ,SO-CALL$ 0SCI5TIFIC0 SOCIALISM IS BAS$ ON BELIEF ?AT ! DEVELOPM5T ( PRODUCTIVE =CES DESIR$ & SUPPORT$ BY ! B\RGEOISIE HAS CREAT$ ! CONDITIONS = ITS [N OV]?R[ BY ! V]Y CLASS IT HELP$ =M1 ! MOD]N 9DU/RIAL PROLET>IAT4 ,?IS CONCEPT WAS RE9=C$ BY ! IDEOLOGY ( ,PROGRESS1 ! DEIFICATION ( SCI5CE & TE*NOLOGY1 ! DEVELOPM5T ( TE*NOLOGY AT ALL CO/S REG>DLESS ( ITS CONSEQU5CES1 ! DISPROPORTIONATE IMPORTANCE GIV5 TO ! ROLE ( ! NATION-/ATE1 & ! NEGATION ( COMMUNITY ID5TITIES4 ,BUT CAPITALISM W5T ON TO DE/ROY PEASANT COMMUNITIES1 ! LIFEWAYS ( >TISANS & TRADESPEOPLE1 & IT 5LI/$ MILLIONS ( WORK]S 9 AN 9DU/RIAL >MY ) NO REF]5CE BEYOND ! 9DU/RIAL & PRODUCTIVI/ REVOLUTION ITSELF4 ,9 ! COLONIES1 IT ATTACK$ ANCE/RAL CIVILIZATIONS BAS$ ON ! L&S ( ! PEOPLE IT CLAIM$ TO ASSIMILATE & CIVILIZE4444 ,! CRITIQUE ( TE*NOLOGY IS ANO!R DIFF]5CE BETWE5 ECO-SOCIALISM & ! PEOPLE'S ECOLOGY4 ,M>XISM BELIEVES ?AT TE*NOLOGY IS A NEUTRAL 9/RUM5T ?AT CAN & MU/ BE PUT AT ! S]VICE ( ! WORK+ CLASS1 ?AT TE*NOLOGY IS A DECISIVE FACTOR = SOCIAL TRANS=MATION & PROGRESS4 ,BY CONTRA/1 ! PEOPLE'S ECOLOGY CONSID]S ?AT TE*NOLOGY IS BECOM+ EV] MORE AUTONOM\S & IS 5DANG]+ ! E>? & HUMANK9D4 ,NONE!LESS1 ECO-SOCIALISM IS ! 9TELLECTUAL T5D5CY CLOSE/ TO ! PEOPLE'S ECOLOGY4 ,! OV]LAPS >E NUM]\S1 & !Y CAN WORK TOGE!R AS P>T ( ! SAME 9T]NATIONAL NETWORK4 #a7 ,! PEOPLE'S ECOLOGY IS NOT ! SAME AS DE-GR[?4 ,EV5 IF ! PR9CIPLES ( DE-GR[? >E APPLI$ TO ! 5TIRE WORLD SY/EM1 ! PEOPLE'S ECOLOGY /ILL F9DS IT NECESS>Y TO GU>ANTEE FOOD1 $UCATION1 & HEAL? = ! POPUL> CLASSES4 ,FAIR CULTIVATION 9 !SE >EAS REQUIRES A MODEL ( ECO-DEVELOPM5T BAS$ ON SOCIAL & ECOLOGICAL JU/ICE4 ,9 ! ,S\?1 9 ! POORE/ C\NTRIES1 BUT ALSO 9 EM]G+ & ,WE/]N C\NTRIES1 ?IS CAN TRANSLATE 9TO A POLICY ( REP>ATION 7SU* AS COMP5SATION = F9ANCIAL OR ECOLOGICAL DEBT74 ,! POPUL> CLASSES :O HAVE BE5 EXCLUD$ FROM ! SY/EM MAY !N GET A BOO/ ?R\< ! GR[? ( CONSUMPTION & PRODUCTION 9 SOME >EAS4 ,IF DECL9E 9 ! ECOLOGICAL FOOTPR9T IS TO BE AN ABSOLUTE RULE1 IT MU/ NOT COME AT ! EXP5SE ( ! POPUL> CLASSES4 ,DE-GR[? CANNOT MEAN RECESSION4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 IT MU/ REPLACE ! QUANTITATIVE GR[? ( CAPITALISM & ITS LOGIC ( ACCUMULATION ) ! LOGIC ( QUALITATIVE GR[?1 :I* IMPLIES SIGNIFICANT QUANTITATIVE DE-GR[? PRIM>ILY 9 ! DOM9ANT CAPITALI/ C\NTRIES4 #a#a7 ,! PEOPLE'S ECOLOGY IS AN ECOLOGY ( LIB]ATION4 ,IT IS AN ECOLOGY ( ! POOR 9 ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA1 ,ASIA1 & ,AFRICA4 ,ITS F\ND+ FIGURES >E ,*ICO ,M5DES1 ,V&ANA ,%IVA1 & ,K5 ,S>O-,WIWA4 ,IT HOLDS ?AT ! CONNECTIONS BETWE5 ,MO!R ,E>? & ! POOR PROHIBIT ! COMMODIFICATION ( WAT]1 AIR1 & E>?4 ,BY LIB]AT+ !MSELVES1 ! POOR LIB]ATE ALL ( HUMANITY & PRES]VE ! PLANET & ALL ITS COMPON5TS4 ,! ECOLOGY ( LIB]ATION HAS AS A F\NDATIONAL PR9CIPLE ?AT ! E>? IS NOT TO BE [N$4 ,! ECOLOGY ( LIB]ATION IS AN ECOLOGY ( SURVIVAL4 ,IT DEM&S ACCESS TO RIATION ( ,HUMAN ,RIACT]IZ$ BY A RAPPRO*EM5T BETWE5 ,*RI/IAN LIB]ATION !OLOGY & ! IDEA ( ,MO!R ,E>? ?AT IS F\ND 9 ! PEASANT COMMUNITIES 9 ! ,&EAN HIIAN ECOLOGICAL ACTIVI/ ,MURRAY ,BOOK*94 #a#c7 ,! PEOPLE'S ECOLOGY IS AN ECOLOGY ( ! COMMONS4 ,! COMMONS ORIG9AT$ AS AN A*IEVEM5T ( ! F>M+ COMMUNITY ESPECIALLY 9 ! FIGE DAMS1 ! MOVEM5T = ,CLIMATE ,JU/ICE1 ! MOVEM5T AGA9/ ! IMPOSITION ( USELESS L>GE PROJECTS1 ! MOVEM5TS ( 9DIG5\S PEOPLES = SURVIVAL1 ! MOVEM5T = FREE S(TW>E1 & ECO-UNIONISM4 ,IT P>TICIPATES 9 ! ALT]-GLOBALIZATION MOVEM5T AT SOCIAL =UMS4 #a#e7 ,! PEOPLE'S ECOLOGY HAS AFF9ITIES ) ECO-UNIONISM4 ,WORK]S' /RUGGLES AGA9/ SOCIAL & 5VIRONM5TAL 9JU/ICES >E P>T ( ! PEOPLE'S ECOLOGY4 ,/RUGGLES = OCCUPATIONAL HEAL? AGA9/ ASBE/OS1 LEAD POISON+1 & TOXIC PRODUCTS >E AN ESS5TIAL DIM5SION4 ,! PEOPLE'S ECOLOGY1 LIKE ECO-UNIONISM1 ADVOCATES SELF-MANAGEM5T4 ,IT ADVOCATES ! DIRECT MANAGEM5T ( COMPANIES ON A F$]ALI/ & DEC5TRALIZ$ MODEL BUT ALSO US]-CITIZ5 CONTROL OV] PRODUCTION & ! 5VIRONM5T4 #a#f7 ,! PEOPLE'S ECOLOGY IS ECO-FEM9I/4 ,! PATRI>*AL CAPITALI/ SY/EM HAS OPPRESS$ & EXPLOIT$ WOM5 AS IT HAS L&4 ,ECO-FEM9ISM HOLDS ?AT PROTECT+ ( ! 9TEGRITY ( LIFE 9 ALL ITS =MS AGA9/ PATRI>*AL DOM9ATION IS A UNIFI$ FIITY1 %>+1 TRU/1 C>E = O!RS1 RESPECT = ! 9DIVIDUAL1 & RESPONSIBILITY ) RESPECT TO ALL ECOSY/EMS4 #a#g7 ,! PEOPLE'S ECOLOGY IS COSMOPOLITAN4 ,! PRES]VATION ( HUMAN DIV]SITY IS AN ESS5TIAL ELEM5T 9 ! /RUGGLE = ! DEF5SE ( ! PLANET4 ,SIX ?\S& PEOPLES COMPOSE ! PLANET1 & ! PRES]VATION ( !IR LANGUAGES1 CULTURES1 & ID5TITIES IS A KEY FEATURE ( ! ECOLOGICAL /RUGGLE4 ,F9ANCIAL GLOBALIZATION TRIES TO /&>DIZE CULTURE BY IMPOS+ A /&>DIZ$ LANGUAGE & CULTURAL PRODUCTION4 ,! W> ( CIVILIZATIONS ADVOCAT$ BY ! ,AM]ICAN NEOCONS]VATIVES 9 ! #a#i#iS GAVE RISE TO A GLOBALIZ$ RACISM AGA9/ PEOPLE :O REJECT ! NEW WORLD ORD]4 ,!RE IS NO NATIONAL ECOLOGY4 ,! PEOPLE'S ECOLOGY IS BORD]LESS & FIIAT3 9TELLECTUAL WORK]S1 ! PREC>IAT1 P>TS ( ! 9DU/RIAL WORK+ CLASS1 PETTY (FICIALS1 & PEASANT-WORK]S4 ,! PEOPLE'S ECOLOGY'S ALLIES 9 ?IS NEW HI/ORICAL BLOC >E ALL ! MOVEM5TS ?AT FIE FI?1 AIR7 & SO = ! SURVIVAL ( HUMANITY & ?OSE :O FIE ?IS DESIRE = A REVOLUTION = ! COMMONS & = ACCESS4 #a#i7 ,! PEOPLE'S ECOLOGY SEEKS AN ECOLOGICAL TRANSITION BAS$ ON AN ALT]NATIVE MODEL ( DEVELOPM5T ?AT TAKES 9TO ACC\NT HUMAN NE$S & ! LIMITATIONS ( ! PLANET4 ,IT RE?9KS ! SOCIAL UTILITY ( PRODUCTION1 WAYS ( CONSUM+1 ! PURPOSE ( \R PRODUCTS1 & H[ !Y >E PRODUC$4 ,IT ADVOCATES ! RELOCALIZATION ( ECONOMIC ACTIVITY & ! CONV]SION ( USELESS OR PR$ATORY ACTIVITIES1 & ! R$I/RIBUTION ( WEAL? & WORK4 ,9 ! FI P[]1 ! NONEXPLOITATION ( UNCONV5TIONAL S\RCES ( FOSSIL FUELS1 & ! USE ( LOCAL R5EWABLE 5]GY ! RELOCALIZATION ( ! ECONOMY TO AVOID =C$ DISPLACEM5TS & TO RE/ORE CONTROL & FAIR RES\RCE %>+ AT ! LOCAL LEVEL4 ,IT SUPPORTS AN 9=MAL POPUL> ECONOMY & A NEW PO/-CAPITALI/ ECONOMY SOLID>ITY ECONOMY4444 ,TO DEVELOP SOCIETY'S RESILI5CE TO ! ECOLOGICAL CRISIS1 WE MU/ COLLECTIVELY PREP>E TO ANTICIPATE ! IMPACT ( PEAK OIL & CLIMATE *ANGE ON 5]GY4 444 .<,WE MU/ DEVELOP.> GLOBAL1 CONT95TAL1 NATIONAL1 & REGIONAL PUBLIC POLICIES 5ABL+ DEMOCRATIC ECOLOGICAL PLANN+2 SUPPORT /RUGGLES = ! RECOV]Y ( NATURAL RES\RCES1 COMMON GOODS1 & FOOD SOV]EIGNTY2 & CON/RUCT SPACES = ECONOMIC COOP]ATION BY DEVELOP+ A PLURAL ECONOMY 5COMPASS+ ! PRIVATE SECTOR1 A SOCIAL & SOLID>I/IC ECONOMY1 & PUBLIC S]VICES4 444 #b7 ,! PEOPLE'S ECOLOGY REJECTS ! PR(ESSIONALIZATION ( POLITICS & ITS SEP>ATION FROM /RUGGLES = SOCIAL & ECOLOGICAL EMANCIPATION4 ,! POPUL> CLASSES DO NOT NE$ SPECIALI/S 9 POLITICS4 ,!Y WANT TO DECIDE ON ! CONDITIONS ( !IR LIVES1 !IR WORK1 & !IR 5VIRONM5T FROM LOCAL TO GLOBAL4 ,POLITICS IS EV]YONE'S BUS9ESS4 ,IT IS /RONG :]E SOCIAL & 5VIRONM5TAL MOVEM5TS EXI/ & EXPRESS !IR =CE = TRANS=MATION4 ,IT IS WEAK :]E !Y DO NOT4 ,! PEOPLE'S ECOLOGY CANNOT BE ABSORB$ 9TO A P>TY1 AL?\< IT CAN BECOME A COMPON5T ( V>I\S MOVEM5TS1 P>TIES1 OR FRONTS4 ,! PEOPLE'S ECOLOGY IS BAS$ ON POPUL> 9ITIATIVES1 SELF-MANAG$ /RUGGLES1 ! CON/RUCTION ( DEMOCRACY FROM BEL[1 & COMMUNAL RELATIONS4 ,SO IT RETURNS TO ! ORIG9S ( UTOPIAN & LIB]T>IAN SOCIALISM1 :I* 9ITIALLY WANT$ A COLLECTIVE1 DYNAMIC1 & SOLID>I/IC RESPONSE TO LIB]AL 9DIVIDUALISM1 TO ! DE/RUCTION ( TRADES & RURAL COMMUNITIES1 ! DISPOSSESSION ( ! POPUL> CLASSES BY ! 9DU/RIAL REVOLUTION1 & !IR 5SLAVEM5T TO ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM4 ,! PEOPLE'S ECOLOGY F9DS ! ,*>T] ( ,AMI5S .<( #a#i#f.> TO BE \TDAT$4 ,! =MAL SEP>ATION BETWE5 LABOR UNIONS1 ASSOCIATIONS1 & P>TIES WAS IMPOS$ BY ! 9DU/RIAL REVOLUTION4 ,SIMIL>LY1 ! C5TRALIZ$ ORGANIZATION ( POLITICAL P>TIES DATES TO ?AT TIME4 ,TODAY SOCIAL *ANGE MOVEM5TS MU/ CO-DEVELOP A POLITICAL PROJECT & SET IT 9 MOTION4 ,DO+ POLITICS DIFF]5TLY PRESUPPOSES PRACTIC+ DEMOCRACY ?OR\TICULATE G5]AL P]SPECTIVES & (F] !M AS PUBLIC POLICY4 ,! MOVEM5T ?AT ASSUMES ?IS ROLE MU/ REJECT ! \TDAT$ ORGANIZATIONAL PATT]N ( A VANGU>D1 ) A PROGRAM DEVELOP$ 9 ISOLATION AS A PRE-DET]M9$ MODEL4 ,IT MU/ !RE=E ORGANIZE ITSELF AS AN AUTONOM\S T5D5CY )9 ! ECOLOGY MOVEM5T4 ,\R ATTEMPT TO CON/RUCT A POLITICAL COOP]ATIVE 444 WAS AN ADVANCE OV] ! P>TY =M1 :I* HAS BECOME OBSOLETE 9 ! #b#a/ C5TURY4 ,! SEP>ATION BETWE5 ?OSE :O >E SAID TO BE COMPET5T & ?OSE :O >E NOT1 BETWE5 POLITICAL ACTORS & UNION MILITANTS1 BELONGS TO ! POLITICS ( ! 9DU/RIAL REVOLUTION1 :]E ! POPUL> CLASSES W]E R$UC$ TO C>RY+ \T TASKS4 ,9 FACT1 = ! COLLECTIVE 9TELLIG5CE ( ! 5TIRE P>TY & ! SOCIETY1 IT SUB/ITUT$ ! DOM9ATION ( ONE SMALL GR\P ?AT IMPOS$ ITSELF V]TICALLY ON ! RE/4 ,! CONDITIONS = ?AT TYPE ( ORGANIZATION HAVE COLLAPS$4 ,9V5T+ A P>TY =M SUITABLE = ! AGE ( ! NETWORK1 ( HORIZONTALITY1 IS ! TASK ( ! PEOPLE'S ECOLOGY4 #b#a7 ,! PEOPLE'S ECOLOGY SUPPORTS ! CON/RUCTION ( COMMUNAL DEMOCRACY4 ,! PEOPLE'S ECOLOGY CANNOT BUILD AN ALT]NATIVE ON ! BASIS ( ELECTIONS ALONE4 ,)\T DEEP 9VOLVEM5T ( ! POPULATION AT ALL LEVELS1 DEMOCRACY CANNOT EXI/ TODAY2 O!RWISE IT BECOMES A DE FACTO C5SUS4 ,! OLIG>*Y HAS A /RANGLEHOLD ON ! M$IA1 ADV]TIS+1 & POLL+1 & IT ORGANIZES DEMOCRATIC DEBATE ON ITS [N T]MS4 ,CITIZ5S :O WANT TO RECLAIM POLITICS MU/ DO IT FROM ! BOTTOM1 />T+ BY F$]AT+ TRANSITIONAL 9ITIATIVES MADE BY LOCAL COMMUNITIES 5GAG+ 9 SOCIAL TRANS=MATION & ADOPT+ VALUES ( ! PEOPLE'S ECOLOGY3 AUTONOMY1 EQUALITY1 DIGNITY1 & MUTUAL AID4 ,POLITICAL ECOLOGY SEEKS NOT TO TAKE P[] BUT TO *ANGE SOCIETY FROM BEL[ :ILE SIMULTANE\SLY US+ ! PA? ( 9/ITUTIONS1 PROTE/1 & SOCIAL EXP]IM5TATION4 ,?IS /RATEGY IMPLIES ! EX]CISE ( P[] ISSU+ FROM BEL[1 CONTROLL$ BY CITIZ5S MOBILIZ$ 9 L9E ) ! F$]ALI/ & SELF-MANAGEM5T MOVEM5T4 ,IT CONT9UES TODAY 9 ! SOCIAL MOVEM5TS ?AT WANT TO LIB]ATE SPACES RA!R ?AN FRONTALLY ATTACK /ATE P[]4 ,IT DOES NOT EXCLUDE ! QUE/ION ( ! /ATE FROM ITS ?9K+1 BUT IT CONSID]S ?AT ! TRANSITION WILL GIVE RISE TO A SY/EM ( SELF-GOV]NM5T :]E CITIZ5S E/ABLI% !IR [N P[] 9 MUNICIPALITIES1 REGIONS1 & COMPANIES4 ,! POLITICAL ORGANIZATION MU/ HELP IMPLEM5T !SE SELF-GOV]NM5T PRACTICES & )\T REPLAC+ !M4 ,COMMUNAL DEMOCRACY PRESUPPOSES ! CON/RUCTION ( A F$]ATIVE REPUBLIC AT ALL LEVELS4 ,! F$]ALI/ PR9CIPLE WILL NOT BE APPLICABLE TO ! ,EUROPEAN CONT95T OR TO ! WORLD SY/EM IF IT DOES NOT APPLY AT ! NATIONAL1 REGIONAL1 & LOCAL LEVELS4 ,REG>D+ POLITICAL ALLIANCES1 ! PEOPLE'S ECOLOGY HOLDS ?AT ! P>TICIPATION ( MAJORITY COALITIONS = SOCIAL TRANS=MATION IS ! WAY = ECOLOGI/S TO BECOME ! CULTURAL & POLITICAL MAJORITY1 BUT 9 C\NTRIES :]E SOCIAL LIB]ALISM HAS DE/ROY$ ! BASIS = SOCIAL DEMOCRACY1 LEAD+ TO ANTISOCIAL & ANTI ECOLOGICAL POLICIES1 P>TICIPATION 9 SOCIAL LIB]AL GOV]NM5TS M>G9ALIZES POLITICAL ECOLOGY & MAKES IT AN AG5T = GRE5 CAPITALISM4 ,WE MU/ P>TICIPATE 9 ! CON/RUCTION ( A SOCIAL & ECOLOGICAL OPPOSITION1 /R5G!N+ ! PRES5CE ( ECOLOGI/S 9 ALL LOCAL1 REGIONAL & ,EUROPEAN ELECTIONS :]E AUTONOMY CAN BE BUILT1 & NEGOTIATE MAJORITY CONTRACTS 9 P>LIAM5T1 BUT REFUSE TO P>TICIPATE 9 SOCIAL-LIB]AL GOV]NM5TS ?AT >E ! MO/ EFFECTIVE 9/RUM5TS ( CAPITALI/ MOD]NITY4 ,WRITT5 79 ,FR5*7 ,JULY #b#a#d2 ISSU$ ,NOVEMB] #i1 #b#a#e4 ,TRANSLAT$ 9TO ,5GLI% BY ,JANET ,BIEHL4 ,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 ,*RONOLOGY 3 ,NOVEMB] #b#h1 #bb 3 ,TW5TY-,ONE ,!SES = ! ,PEOPLE'S ,ECOLOGY 9 ! ,TW5TY-,FIR/ ,C5TURY -- ,ADD$4 ,JANU>Y #d1 #bbb 3 ,TW5TY-,ONE ,!SES = ! ,PEOPLE'S ,ECOLOGY 9 ! ,TW5TY-,FIR/ ,C5TURY -- ,UPDAT$4 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3 HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/