,UNLIKE ! ,GOD ( ,HUMAN ,]ROR 
,P]CY ,%ELLEY'S ,DEP>TURE FROM ,UNIV]SAL ,G5D] 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,BA$AN 

,TEXT 3 

,P]CY ,%ELLEY IS KN[N TO MOD]N AN>*I/S1 IF HE IS KN[N AT ALL1 BY A FEW 
L9ES FROM 0,! ,MASK ( ,AN>*Y01.<#a.> A POLITICAL POEM HE P5N$ AFT] ! 
,PET]LOO ,MASSACRE ( #a#h#a#i1 :5 CAVALRY ATTACK$ A L>GE CR[D DEM&+ ! 
RE=M ( ! ,P>LIAM5T>Y SY/EM4 ,?IS POEM1 SURG+ ) ! RI<TE\S ANG] 
( A PEACE-LOV+ POET1 CONTA9S A REFRA9 SUNG 7AS IF7 BY ! ,E>? TO H] 
*ILDR53 

,RISE LIKE ,LIONS AFT] SLUMB] 

,9 UNVANQUI%ABLE NUMB]-- 

,%AKE Y\R *A9S TO ,E>? LIKE DEW 

,:I* 9 SLEEP HAD FALL5 ON Y\-- 

,YE >E MANY--!Y >E FEW4.<#b.> 

7#c#f#h-#g#b7 

,!SE L9ES NOT)/&+1 ,%ELLEY T5D$ TO AVOID1 ESPECIALLY 9 HIS LONG] 
POEMS1 EXPLICITLY 5GAG+ ) POLITICS4 ,IT IS NOT ?AT HE WAS UN9T]E/$ 9 
IDEAS ( A RADICAL1 OR EV5 AN>*I/1 SORT4 ,:5 ,%ELLEY WAS EI<TE5 YE>S 
OLD1 & A PROMIS+ Y\NG S*OL> AT ,OX=D1 HE PUBLI%$ A PAMPHLET 5TITL$ 
0,! ,NECESSITY ( ,A!ISM0 & S5T IT TO ! HEADS ( EA* ( ! COLLEGES ( 
,OX=D4 ,= ?IS REBELLION HE WAS PROMPTLY EXPELL$ FROM ! 9/ITUTION1 :OSE 
*>T] AT ?AT TIME /ILL RE/RICT$ 5ROLLM5T TO ,*RI/IANS4 ,UPON HIS 
EXPULSION1 HE S\<T \T O!R RADICALS & WROTE TO ,WILLIAM ,GODW91 :OSE 
,9QUIRY ,CONC]N+ ,POLITICAL ,JU/ICE ,%ELLY HAD READ4 ,! C5TRAL 
!SIS ( ,GODW9'S L5G?Y BOOK WAS ! NECESSITY ( ABOLI%+ GOV]NM5T1 & 
IT CAN BE CONSID]$ ! FIR/ >TICULATION ( AN>*ISM 7)\T ! WORD7 9 
! ,WE/]N CANON4 

,%ELLEY ALSO BECAME ACQUA9T$ ) ONE ( ,GODW9'S DAU<T]S1 ,M>Y 
,WOLL/ONECRAFT ,GODW91 ) :OM HE W\LD DEVELOP A ROMANCE1 & :O W\LD 
LAT] GO ON TO P5 ! MO/ WELL-KN[N TEXT ( ?IS UNUSUAL FAMILY ( WRIT]S1 
,FRANK5/E91.<#c.> AS WELL AS ) ! WRIT+ ( ! LATE ,M>Y 
,WOLL/ONECRAFT1 :O PUBLI%$ ONE ( ! FIR/ ,WE/]N DEF5SES ( FEM9ISM1 0,A 
,V9DICATION ( ! ,RI<TS ( ,WOMAN40 ,P]CY & ! Y\NG ,M>Y READ 
,WOLL/ONECRAFT'S WORDS TO EA* O!R AS !Y TRAVEL$4 

,P]CY'S RADICAL IDEAS >E ALSO CONVEY$ 9 HIS POETRY1 AS WE %ALL SEE1 AS A 
CRITIQUE ( HI]>*Y1 GOV]NM5T1 RELIGION1 & COMM]CE4 ,YET = ! MO/ 
P>T1 ,%ELLEY'S PROJECT DIFF]$ FROM ?AT ( ,GODW9 OR ,WOLL/ONECRAFT4 ,HIS 
MAJOR WRITT5 CONTRIBUTION WAS TO DEVELOP A ?OR\<LY RADICAL METAPHYSICS4 ,! 
SUBTITLE ( HIS FIR/ MAJOR WORK1 ,QUE5 ,MAB1 = EXAMPLE1 IS 0,A 
,PHILOSOPHICAL ,POEM40 ,ITS !MES 9CLUDE DEA? & SLEEP1 IMAG9ATION & 
SPIRIT4 ,! METAPHYSICAL B5T TO HIS POETRY %\LD NOT SURPRISE US 9 LI<T ( 
A!ISM BE+ ! SUBJECT ( HIS GREAT ACT ( REBELLION AT ,OX=D1 AS WELL AS 
! RELATIVE P[] ( ,*RI/IANITY 9 HIS DAY4 

,?ANKS TO ,%ELLEY'S RELATION TO ,GODW91 ,WOLL/ONECRAFT & O!R RADICALS1 AS 
WELL AS HIS LUCID EXPRESSION ( AN>*I/ PR9CIPLES1 WE BELIEVE IT IS NOT \T 
( B\NDS TO READ HIS PHILOSOPHICAL POETRY AS ONE ( ! V]Y FEW ?OR\< 
>TICULATIONS ( AN AN>*I/ METAPHYSICS4 ,WE MI<T TAKE ! GAP BETWE5 
,%ELLEY'S METAPHYSICS & ,GODW9 & ,WOLL/ONECRAFT'S POLITICS AS AN 9VITATION 
TO CONSID] ?IS DI*OTOMY4 ,:AT CON/ITUTES AN>*I/ ?\<T 9 ! POLITICAL 
SPH]E IS A MATT] ( CONT5TION1 BUT \TSIDE ( ! POLITICAL SPH]E--9 
METAPHYSICS = 9/ANCE--ONE MI<T WOND] :E!R OR NOT AN>*I/ ?\<T CAN 
BE SPOK5 ( AT ALL4.<#d.> ,:ILE IT IS \TSIDE ! SCOPE ( ?IS ESSAY TO ADDRESS 
?IS QUE/ION DIRECTLY1 \R 5GAGEM5T ) ,%ELLEY WILL PRESUPPOSE AN 9T]E/ 
9 AN>*Y AS IT DEP>TS FROM ! POLITICAL &1 9DE$1 FROM ! SPH]E ( 
HUMAN SOCIETY 5TIRELY1 PURSU+ F> /RANG]1 EV5 EXTRAT]RE/RIAL1 
ORI5TATIONS4 

,NOT ,HUMAN ,S5SE1 ,NOT ,HUMAN ,M9D 

,QUE5 ,MAB IS ,%ELLEY'S FIR/ MAJOR WORK & ALSO HIS MO/ ASPIR+1 
WRITT5 M]E MON?S AFT] 0,NECESSITY ( ,A!ISM40 ,IT MA9LY CONSI/S ( A 
SPEE* DELIV]$ BY ,MAB1 ! ,FAIRY ,QUE51 TO A HUMAN SPIRIT :I* ,MAB HAS 
:ISK$ AWAY FROM ! SLEEP+ BODY ( ,IAN! & BR\<T TO LOOK UPON ! 
UNIV]SE FROM ATOP H] CELE/IAL PALACE4 ,%ELLEY'S COSMOLOGY AS TOLD BY ,MAB IS 
AN AMBITI\S ATTEMPT TO LEAVE UNSETTL$ NO QUE/ION ( UNIV]SAL PR9CIPLE1 
NATURAL LAW1 HUMAN BEHAVIOR1 TIME1 OR NE>LY ANY PHILOSOPHICAL MY/]Y4 ,! 
,FAIRY ,QUE5 DECL>ES ?AT %E HOLDS ALL ! SECRETS ( ! HUMAN WORLD1 & 
BE=E %E BEG9S H] GREAT DISC\RSE1 PROMISES ,IAN!'S SPIRIT ?AT 0! PA/ 
%ALL RISE2 _/ ,?\ %ALT BEHOLD ! PRES5T2 ,I WILL TEA* _/ ,! SECRETS ( ! 
FUTURE40 7,I,I1 #f#e-#f#g7 

,9 ,MAB1 ,%ELLEY'S TASK IS TO NEGATE ,GOD'S EXI/5CE OR1 AS HIS 
EPIGRAPH FROM ,VOLTAIRE PUTS IT1 0ECRASEZ L'9FAME60--CRU% ! DEMON6 ,%ELLEY 
MAKES HIS ATTACK BY EXP\ND+ A RADICAL DET]M9ISM4 ,AS 9 ! TITLE ( HIS 
PAMPHLET ON A!ISM1 ! NAME HE USES TO SIGNIFY BO? ! NONEXI/5CE ( ,GOD 
& ! UND]LY+ PR9CIPLE ( ! UNIV]SE IS ,NECESSITY4 ,NECESSITY 
H]E REF]S TO ! 9EVITABLE *A9 ( CAUSATION ?AT D5IES RELIGION & ,GOD4 
,FROM ,%ELLEY'S [N NOTE ON ,MAB3 

,HE :O ASS]TS ! DOCTR9E ( ,NECESSITY1 MEANS ?AT1444 HE BEHOLDS ONLY AN 
IMM5SE & UN9T]RUPT$ *A9 ( CAUSES & EFFECTS4444 ,! DOCTR9E ( 
,NECESSITY T5DS TO 9TRODUCE A GREAT *ANGE 9TO ! E/ABLI%$ NOTIONS ( 
MORALITY1 & UTT]LY TO DE/ROY RELIGION4444 ,!RE IS NEI!R GOOD NOR EVIL 9 
! UNIV]SE1 O!RWISE ?AN AS ! EV5TS TO :I* WE APPLY ?OSE EPI!TS 
HAVE 9 RELATION TO \R [N PECULI> MODE ( BE+4 

,DEFY+ ! ,*RI/IAN DOCTR9E ( FREE WILL1 ,%ELLEY CLAIMS ?AT FRE$OM IS 
NO?+ BUT A LACK ( KN[L$GE ( :AT MU/ HAPP5 BY ,NECESSITY4 ,YET 
,MAB IS NOT :AT ONE MI<T EXPECT FROM A PHILOSOPHICAL M9D ?AT VIEWS 
EV]Y EV5T 9 HI/ORY & EV]Y HUMAN EMOTION OR ?\<T AS 0A L9K _/ ,9 ! 
GREAT *A9 ( ,NATURE0 7,I,I1 #a#g-#h74 ,IT IS NOT :AT ONE MI<T CALL PURELY 
SCI5TIFIC OR RATIONALI/4 ,IT IS A POEM />R+ A FAIRY & A DISEMBODI$ 
SPIRIT TRAVEL+ ?R\< SPACE ON A *>IOT PULL$ BY CELE/IAL HORSES4 ,EV5 
MORE1 ,MAB IS AN ODE TO AN A!ISM 9=M$ BY IMAG9ATION & FANCY4 

,%ELLEY'S APPRECIATION ( ! IMAG9ATION GOES BEYOND M]E POSITIVE ASSOCIATION 
) POETRY4 ,9 ,MAB1 HUMAN FANCY IS ! EXPLICIT VEHICLE = REA*+ 
! P]SPECTIVE ?R\< :I* ! POEM'S PHILOSOPHICAL CONT5T IS DELIV]$4 
,?IS IS ILLU/RAT$ WELL BY ! POEM'S OP5+ L9ES1 A MUS+ ON ! RELATION 
( SLEEP & DEA? :ILE ! N>RATOR LOOKS ON ! SLEEP+ =M ( ,IAN!4 
,?IS P>T SUGGE/S ?AT ! 5TIRE N>RATIVE TAKES PLACE NEI!R 9 REALITY NOR 
9 ,IAN!'S SLEEP+ M9D BUT RA!R 9 ! IMAG9ATION ( ! N>RATOR AS HE 
WAT*ES H] SLEEP4 ,! IMAG9ATIVE NATURE ( ! SPACE J\RNEY IS ILLUM9AT$ 
EV5 MORE BY ! 9T]LUDE ONCE ,MAB & ,IAN! REA* ! PALACE3 

,IF SOLITUDE HA? EV] L$ ?Y /EPS 

    ,TO ! WILD OCEAN'S E*O+ %ORE1 

        ,& ?\ HA/ L+]$ !RE1 

        ,UNTIL ! SUN'S BROAD ORB 

    ,SEEM$ RE/+ ON ! BURNI%$ WAVE1 

        ,?\ MU/ HAVE M>K$ ! L9ES 

    ,( PURPLE GOLD1 ?AT MOTIONLESS 

        ,HUNG O'] ! S9K+ SPH]E3 

        74447 

    ,!N HAS ?Y FANCY SO>$ ABOVE ! E>?1 

        ,& FURL$ ITS WE>I$ W+ 

        ,)9 ! ,FAIRY'S FANE4.<#e.> 

                    7,I,I1 #a-#b#a7 

,H[ CAN ,%ELLEY'S A!I/ POSITION BE REA*$ BY WAT*+ ! SUNSET8 ,! 
SUNSET IS ONE ( ! R>E 9/ANCES :5 ! HUMAN IMAG9ATION IS ABLE TO WAT* 
79 REAL TIME1 ONE MI<T SAY7 ! E>? & SUN 9 MOTION ?R\< ! IMM5SITY 
( SPACE & CAT* A H9T ( ! TREM5D\S SCALE ( ! UNIV]SE1 9 :I* 
HUMANS >E T9Y & ADRIFT4 ,WE %\LD ?9K ( ?IS AS ! P]SPECTIVE FROM 
:I* ,MAB GIVES H] SPEE*4 ,?IS ALSO EXPLA9S H[ ! SCI5TIFIC ME?OD IS 
USEFUL TO ,%ELLEY'S PROJECT 9 SPITE ( HIS POETIC & FANCIFUL APPROA*3 MU* 
LIKE ! VIEW ( A SETT+ SUN1 ! VIEW ?R\< A TELESCOPE HELPS ONE IMAG9E 
! SCALE ( ! UNIV]SE & GRASP ! FOLLY ( RELIGI\S BELIEF4 ,%ELLEY IS 
EXPLICIT AB\T ! CONNECTION BETWE5 SCALE & A!ISM 9 HIS NOTE TO ! 
DESCRIPTION ( ,MAB & ,IAN!'S TRAVEL ?R\< SPACE TO ! FAIRY PALACE3 

,! PLURALITY ( WORLDS1--! 9DEF9ITE IMM5SITY ( ! UNIV]SE IS A MO/ 
AWFUL SUBJECT ( CONTEMPLATION4 ,HE :O RI<TLY FEELS ITS MY/]Y & GR&EUR1 
IS 9 NO DANG] ( S$UCTION FROM ! FAL%OODS ( RELIGI\S SY/EMS1 OR ( 
DEIFY+ ! PR9CIPLE ( ! UNIV]SE4 

,BY ! FALSEHOOD ( RELIGION ,%ELLEY MEANS ?AT HUMANS1 \T ( IGNORANCE & 
VANITY1 HAVE CREAT$ ,GOD 9 !IR [N IMAGE TO 5CAPSULATE EV]Y?+ !Y DO 
NOT UND]/&4 ,! PRECONDITION = ! ]ROR ( RELIGION IS AWE3 A 
!ME ,%ELLEY WILL DWELL ON ?R\<\T HIS POETRY4 ,!RE >E V>I\S WAYS 
PEOPLE DEAL ) AN EXP]I5CE ( AWE3 FE>1 =GETFULNESS1 NO/ALGIA1 
REV]5CE4 ,= ,%ELLEY1 RELIGION IS BORN :5 ! NAMELESS UNKN[N ?AT GIVES 
RISE TO AWE IS AB/RACT$ & GIV5 A NAME4 ,!N ALL ! REAL OR DESIR$ HUMAN 
QUALITIES >E PROJECT$ ONTO ! RELIGI\S 5TITY1 & PEOPLE BELIEVE !Y 
!MSELVES CAN BE ET]NAL LIKE !IR GODS4 ,!Y BUILD MONUM5TS & TEMPLES AS 
TE/AM5TS TO ! SUPPOS$ UNIV]SALITY ( !IR RELIGIONS4 ,BUT ,MAB WILL %[ 
H[ FOOLI% ?IS IS4 ,ONCE ,IAN! & ,MAB REA* ! BATTLEM5TS ( ! PALACE 
& LOOK \T OV] ! VA/NESS ( SPACE1 CAPABLE ( SEE+ EV]Y?+ AT 
UNIV]SAL SCALE FROM ! P]SPECTIVE ( SO>+ FANCY1 !Y CAN SEE ! 
FUTILITY ( HUMAN CIVILIZATION & ITS ATTEMPTS AT IMMORTALITY4 ,AS !Y LOOK ON 
! RU9S ( AN ANCI5T CIVILIZATION1 ,MAB ASKS3 

,:AT IS IMMORTAL !RE8 

,NO?+--IT /&S TO TELL 

,A MELAN*OLY TALE1 TO GIVE 

,AN AWFUL W>N+3 SOON 

,OBLIVION WILL /EAL SIL5TLY 

,! REMNANT ( ITS FAME4 

,MON>*S & CONQU]ORS !RE 

,PR\D O'] PRO/RATE MILLIONS TROD-- 

,! E>?QUAKES ( ! HUMAN RACE2 

,LIKE !M1 =GOTT5 :5 ! RU9 

,?AT M>KS !IR %OCK IS PA/4 

        7,I,I1 #a#a#e-#b#e7 

,! GREATE/ MONUM5TS TO HUMAN PRIDE#f75D7 >E 9SIGNIFICANT & TRANSITORY NEXT TO 
! VA/ H>MONIC WILD]NESS ( SPACE1 ! ONLY 0FITT+ TEMPLE0 TO ! ,SPIRIT 
( ,NATURE 7,I1 #b#f#d-#h74 ,BUT IT IS NOT JU/ BECAUSE ( !IR VANITY & FOLLY ?AT 
,%ELLY ATTACKS RELIGION & /ATE4 ,! MONUM5TS TO HUMAN PRIDE1 DE/9$ ONLY 
TO FALL 9TO RU91 >E BUILT AT ! CO/ ( HUMAN SUFF]+3 

,OH6 MANY A WID[1 MANY AN ORPHAN CURS$ 

,! BUILD+ ( ?AT FANE2 & MANY A FA!R1 

,WORN \T ) TOIL & SLAV]Y1 IMPLOR$ 

,! POOR MAN'S ,GOD TO SWEEP IT FROM ! E>?1 

,& SP>E HIS *ILDR5 ! DETE/$ TASK 

,( PIL+ /ONE ON /ONE1 & POISON+ 

,! *OICE/ DAYS ( LIFE1 

,TO SOO! A DOT>D'S VANITY4 

        7,I,I1 #a#d#a-#h7 

,NOT EV5 ! RUL]S >E FREE FROM ?IS SUFF]+4 ,%ELLEY DESCRIBES AT L5G? 
! DESPAIR ( ! ,K+1 B\ND BY HIS [N GOLD5 *A9S & 9CAPABLE ( 
EXP]I5C+ ! V]Y PEACE = :I* HE BUILT HIS TREM5D\S PALACES & 
TEMPLES1 BUT :I* DOES NOT C>E = HUMAN MONUM5TS & DOES NOT VISIT HIM 
BECAUSE HIS HE>T IS )\T VIRTUE4 

,MAB DECL>ES ?AT HUMAN HI]>*Y HAS NO P>ALLEL 9 NATURE1 :OSE SPIRIT IS 
SPREAD EQUALLY ?R\< EV]Y BE+1 & PROMISES ?AT ALL HUMAN AU?ORITY 0,WILL 
LOSE ITS P[] TO DAZZLE2 ITS AU?ORITY _/ ,WILL SIL5TLY PASS BY0 7,I,I,I1 #a#c#c-#d74 
,%ELLEY'S HOPE1 MU* LIKE ,GODW9'S1 IS ?AT 9CREAS$ HUMAN KN[L$GE MU/ 
CAUSE !M TO AB&ON GOV]NM5T & RELIGION1 :ILE !IR CAPACITY = 
VIRTU\S ACTION WILL ALSO GR[4 ,TO ?IS 5D1 SEV]AL ( ,QUE5 ,MAB'S CANTOS 
DISCUSS !MES ( AN AN>*I/ NATURE1 SEEK+ TO ILLUM9ATE ! EVILS ( 
HI]>*Y AS IT MANIFE/S 9 GOV]NM5T1 RELIGION1 W>1 & COMM]CE4 

,9 ANO!R CANTO1 ,%ELLEY IS MORE EXPLICIT AB\T HIS ASS]TION ?AT RELIGION 
DEVELOPS ?R\< PEOPLE'S URGE TO GIVE NAMES TO :AT !Y DO NOT KN[ OR 
UND]/&4 ,US+ ! METAPHOR ( ! DEVELOPM5T ( A HUMAN FROM *ILDHOOD TO 
OLD AGE1 HE WALKS ?R\< ! /AGES ( RELIGI\S BELIEF4 ,TO ! *ILD1 ALL ! 
ASPECTS ( NATURE >E GODS3 ! />S1 TREES1 CL\DS1 M\NTA91 SUN1 & MOON4 
,! ADOLESC5T TURNS TO DEIFY SPIRITS1 <O/S & O!R =CES4 ,!N MAN1 HIS 
PRIDE MOCK$ BY ! UNKN[N WOND]S >\ND HIM1 TAKES ALL ( !SE & ALL ( 
!IR CAUSES1 & MAKES !M CONV]GE UPON A S+LE AB/RACT PO9T1 :I* HE 
CALLS ,GOD3 

,! SELF-SUFFIC+1 ! OMNIPOT5T1 

,! M]CIFUL1 & ! AV5G+ ,GOD6 

,:O1 PROTOTYPE ( HUMAN MISRULE1 SITS 

,HI< 9 HEAV5'S REALM1 UPON A GOLD5 ?RONE1 

,EV5 LIKE AN E>?LY K+2 & :OSE DREAD WORK1 

,HELL1 GAPES = EV] = ! UNHAPPY SLAVES 

,( FATE1 :OM HE CREAT$1 9 HIS SPORT1 

,TO TRIUMPH 9 !IR TORM5TS :5 !Y FELL6 

        7,I,V1 #a#c-#a7 

,F9ALLY1 9 HIS LA/ YE>S1 MAN'S DECAY+ RELIGION REQUIRES MORE GODS 7WE CAN 
PRESUME ,%ELLEY IS ?9K+ ( ,*RI/IANITY'S TR9ITY74 ,?IS S5SE ?AT 
RELIGION HAS REA*$ A /AGE ( DECAY IS ONE ( ! REASONS ,%ELLEY FEELS HOPE 
& ! C]TA9TY ?AT ?OSE :O *AMPION TRU? WILL OV]COME ! T]RIBLE 
FALSEHOOD ?AT DOM9ATES HUMAN ?\<T4 

,EV5 ?\< ,%ELLEY PRAISES ! ,SPIRIT ( ,NATURE1 HE IS CLE> TO PO9T \T ?AT 
?IS 5TITY HAS ABSOLUTELY NO CONC]N = HUMAN FLATT]Y3 

,SPIRIT ( ,NATURE6 ALL-SUFFIC+ ,P[]1 

,NECESSITY6 ?\ MO!R ( ! WORLD6 

,UNLIKE ! ,GOD ( HUMAN ]ROR1 ?\ 

,REQUIRE/ NO PRAY]S OR PRAISES2 ! CAPRICE 

,( MAN'S WEAK WILL BELONGS NO MORE TO !E 

,?AN DO ! *ANGEFUL PASSIONS ( HIS BREA/ 

,TO ?Y UNV>Y+ H>MONY444 

        7,V,I1 #a#i#g-#b#c7 

,ALSO WOR? NOT+ 9 ?IS PASSAGE >E ,%ELLEY'S F\R DIFF]5T NAMES = ! 
SAME UND]LY+ PR9CIPLE ( ! UNIV]SE1 AN 9DICATION ?AT HE F9DS NO 
FITT+ NAME = IT1 & *OOSES HIS WORDS = !IR ALLUSIVE P[]4 ,! NAMES 
0,SPIRIT ( ,NATURE0 & 0,P[]0 7CAPITALIZ$ & ) DIFF]+ ADJECTIVES7 WILL 
REAPPE> 9 HIS LAT] WORKS4 ,NECESSITY1 H[EV]1 FALLS \T ( ITS FAVOR$ 
PLACE.<#g.>1 POSSIBLY BECAUSE IT 9DICATES A /RICT ORD] TO NATURE ?AT ,%ELLEY WILL 
BEG9 TO QUE/ION4 ,F9ALLY1 0MO!R ( ! WORLD10 ! MO/ AN?ROPOMORPHIC ( 
! GR\P4 ,?IS LA/ T]M WILL REAPPE>1 ?\< ) AN ADD$ LAY] ( 
UNC]TA9TY1 9 ,ALA/OR1 & !N IS DISC>D$4 ,%ELLEY'S AB&ONM5T 
( ?IS T]M CO9CIDES ) HIS ASS]TION ?AT ! PR9CIPLE ( ! UNIV]SE IS 
UTT]LY 9HUMAN & 9DIFF]5T TO HUMANITY1 AS 9 ?IS PASSAGE ALSO FROM 
,MAB3 

444ALL ?AT ! WIDE WORLD CONTA9S 

,>E BUT ?Y PASSIVE 9/RUM5TS1 & ?\ 

,REG>D/ !M ALL ) AN IMP>TIAL EYE1 

,:OSE JOY OR PA9 ?Y NATURE CANNOT FEEL1 

,BECAUSE ?\ HA/ NOT HUMAN S5SE1 

,BECAUSE ?\ >T NOT HUMAN M9D4 

        7,V,I1 #b#a#d-#a#i7 

,IT IS ?IS APPRECIATION ( ! 9F9ITE APA?Y ( ! UNIV]SE ?AT MAKES 
,%ELLEY'S METAPHYSICS 9T]E/+ TO US4 ,!RE IS NO D\BT HIS APPRECIATION 
GOES ALONGSIDE A T5D5CY TO ROMANTICIZE ?IS SAME PR9CIPLE1 ESPECIALLY 9 
,MAB4 ,:5 HE REF]S TO IT AS 0MO!R ( ! WORLD10 HE HAS GONE F> 
5\< D[N ?IS PA? ?AT MANY WILL BE ABLE TO RECOGNIZE A RADICALISM !Y CAN 
RELATE TO--AFT] ALL1 !RE HAD BE5 A TREM5D\S CAMPAIGN ( MURD] AIM$ 9 
L>GE P>T AT ANNIHILAT+ ! FEM99E DIV9E 9 ,EUROPE = C5TURIES LEAD+ 
UP TO ?IS POEM1 & ?IS FACT ALONE C\LD HAVE P]SUAD$ ,%ELLEY 9TO 
BELIEV+1 AS HE DID1 ?AT ,MAB WAS TOO RADICAL = HIS [N SAFETY4.<#h.> ,BUT 
TO \R M9DS ?IS IS A REACTIVE =M ( 5GAGEM5T ?AT1 :ILE ALWAYS HAV+ 
BE5 P>T ( RADICALISM1 FAILS TO 9T]E/ US4 ,IF ,%ELLEY HAD ONLY DECL>$ ! 
PR9CIPLE ( ! UNIV]SE TO BE A FEM99E1 WE W\LD NOT BO!R TO 5GAGE ) 
HIM H]E4 ,AS WE WILL SEE1 H[EV]1 ,%ELLEY'S METAPHYSICS IS MU* MORE 
9T]E/+4 ,IT IS AN A!ISM FULL ( FANCY & WOND]1 RETIC5T TO IMPOSE 
HUMAN LIMITS ON ! UND]LY+ PR9CIPLE ( ! UNIV]SE1 ?AT D5IES EV]Y 
CATEGORY & NAME IMPOS$ ON ! GREAT UNKN[N4 

,LIFT ,NOT ! ,PA9T$ ,VEIL 

,AS MU* AS ,%ELLEY S+S ( ! MY/]Y & UNKN[ABILITY ( ! UNIV]SAL 
PR9CIPLE 9 ,QUE5 ,MAB1 9 HIS ZEAL TO REVEAL ! FALSEHOOD ( 
RELIGION & HI]>*Y HE DOES PASS 9TO ! SAME SORT ( ]ROR 7ALBEIT MORE 
CAUTI\SLY1 & SELF-CONSCI\SLY7 ?AT HE ACCUSES RELIGION (4 ,= EVID5CE ( 
?IS1 ONE C\LD SIMPLY PO9T TO ! FACT ?AT SO MU* ( ,QUE5 ,MAB IS 
A LONG SPEE* ?AT CLAIMS TO MAKE KN[N ! TRU?S ( ! UNIV]SE4 ,!SE 
TRU?S1 MOREOV]1 >E SUPPOS$ TO COME FROM A FAIRY 5TITY :OSE KN[L$GE IS 
F> BEYOND HUMAN ?\<T & :OSE P]SPECTIVE IS MU* CLOS] TO ! ,SPIRIT ( 
,NATURE ITSELF4 ,BUT ONE MI<T NOTE1 MORE SPECIFICALLY1 ,%ELLEY'S UN%AK5 FAI? 
9 ,NECESSITY1 HIS C]TA9TY ?AT EV]Y MOTION & EV5T ?R\<\T SPACE & 
TIME >E UNT\*$ BY *ANCE OR WILL1 ?AT !Y >E NO?+ O!R ?AN ! 
FULFILLM5T ( NATURAL LAW4 ,WE %ALL SEE ?AT ,%ELLEY'S C]TA9TY AB\T ?IS 
WILL NOT LONG REMA9 UN%AK54 

,ONE WAY TO READ ,%ELLEY'S PHILOSOPHICAL POETRY AFT] ,MAB IS ?AT HE 
DRAWS ! VEIL ( MY/]Y OV] ! UNSE5 P[] TO :I* HE HAD PUT NAME1 FACE1 
& HUMAN EMOTION4 ,AN ASPECT ( ?IS RETRACTION IS HIS /RANGE BLURR+ & 
]ASURE ( ! G5D]$ M>KS HE HAD AT FIR/ PLAC$ UPON ! ,SPIRIT ( ,NATURE4 
,?IS OBSCURATION CAN BE READ AS M]ELY 9CID5TAL1 S9CE IT IS ONLY ONE ( ! 
AN?ROPOMORPHISMS ,%ELLEY PROJECT$ ON ?IS 9HUMAN PR9CIPLE & LAT] SAW FIT 
TO )DRAW4 ,&1 9DE$1 9 A DIFF]5T WORLD & A DIFF]5T POLITICAL 
CONTEXT1 WE MI<T PAY NO SPECIAL ATT5TION TO ! ISSUE ( G5D] 9 ,%ELLEY'S 
WORK4 ,!N1 H[EV]1 AS N[1 ! G5D]+ ( ! DIV9E WAS NOT M]ELY A 
SIDE-ISSUE BUT WAS 7& IS7 9/EAD A BATTLEGR\ND = V>I\S SOCIAL & 
POLITICAL /RUGGLES4.<#i.> ,JU/ AS WE CANNOT PRET5D ,%ELLEY1 FULLY 9VOLV$ 9 ! RADICALISM ( HIS DAY1 WAS IGNORANT ( ! POLITICAL SIGNIFICANCE ( G5D] 
ESPECIALLY AS IT MI<T RELATE TO ! DIV9E1 NEI!R CAN WE DISMISS ! 
IMPORTANCE ( ?IS SUBJECT TO MANY ( \R CONTEMPOR>IES4 ,= ?IS REASON1 WE 
>E EXCIT$ TO F9D 9 ,%ELLEY SOMEONE T\*$ BY ! DESIRE TO RECA/ IMAGES 
( DIV9ITY 9 9V]T$ =MS RADICAL 5\< TO W>RANT DEA?1 BUT :O ALSO 
FELT ?AT ?IS FELL 9TO ! SAME ]ROR AS :AT IT OPPOS$4 

,9 ,ALA/OR1 OR1 ,! ,SPIRIT ( ,SOLITUDE1 ,%ELLEY'S NEXT MAJOR WORK 
AFT] ,MAB1 ! VEIL HE HAD PU%$ ASIDE N[ REAPPE>S TO %R\D ! 
TRU? ) MY/]Y4 ,:ILE BE=E1 AN 9VIT+ ,FAIRY ,QUE5 TOOK ! /AGE & 
SPOKE OP5LY ALL ! SECRETS ( ! UNIV]SE1 N[ ! POEM'S PROTAGONI/1 A 
POET :O W&]S ! WORLD 9 SE>* ( ULTIMATE TRU?S1 IS DRIV5 TO DESPAIR 
BECAUSE HE SEES ?OSE SECRETS FLEE FROM HIM4 

,:]E ,IAN! HAD DREAM$ A ,FAIRY ,QUE5 :O FLUNG OP5 ! DOOR TO KN[L$GE1 
N[ ! POET DREAMS ( A VEIL$ FIGURE1 & ?\< %E SPEAKS TO HIM ( 
0KN[L$GE & TRU? & VIRTUE10 ,%ELLEY DOES NOT REC\NT H] SPEE*4 ,WE DO 
NOT LE>N :AT %E SAID1 ONLY ?AT :5 ! POET CAT*ES A GLIMPSE ( H] FACE 
& LIMBS BEH9D ! VEIL HE FALLS MADLY 9 LOVE ) H]1 ONLY TO SEE ! 
VISION DISAPPE> AS HE WAKES4 

,DESP]ATE = H] RETURN & UNABLE TO F9D H] 9 SLEEP1 ! POET DECIDES ?AT 
DEA? WILL BR+ HIM :AT SLEEP CANNOT4#a75D7 ,PREP>$ TO DIE1 HE SAILS ALONE 9TO 
! SEA DUR+ A /ORM4.<#a#a.> ,IT IS 9 ! MID/ ( ?IS /ORM ?AT WE F9D AN 
9TRIGU+ 9DICATION ( ,%ELLEY'S *ANG+ P]SPECTIVE ON CAUSATION & 
C]TA9TY4 ,:ILE 9 ,MAB EV]Y MOTION ( EV]Y P>TICLE 9 ! UNIV]SE 
WAS DET]M9$ BY NATURE'S LAW1 & *ANCE WAS JU/ A WORD = HUMAN IGNORANCE1 
! CLIMACTIC MOM5T ( ,ALA/OR IS DESCRIB$ ) A TONE ( 
UNC]TA9TY & *AOS4 ,! POET HAS BE5 DRAGG$ AB\T ! SEA 9 HIS BOAT & 
N[ HANGS ON ! $GE ( A :IRLPOOL4 ,! \TCOME & EV5 ! QUE/ION ( :AT 
WILL HAPP5 >E NOT FRAM$ AS WE W\LD EXPECT FROM A /RICT DET]M9I/3 

444! BOAT PAUS$ %UDD]+4--,%ALL IT S9K 

,D[N ! ABYSS8 ,%ALL ! REV]T+ /RESS 

,( ?AT RESI/LESS GULPH EMBOSOM IT8 

,N[ %ALL IT FALL8--,A W&]+ /REAM ( W9D1 

,BREA!D FROM ! WE/1 HAS CAU<T ! EXP&$ SAIL1 

,&1 LO6 ) G5TLE MOTION1 BETWE5 BANKS 

,( MOSSY SLOPE1 & ON A PLACID /REAM1 

,B5EA? A WOV5 GROVE IT SAILS444 

        7#c#i#d-#d#a7 

,9 ,%ELLEY'S UNIV]SE1 :I* WAS P]FECT H>MONY & NECESSITY 9 ,MAB1 
!RE IS N[ A LITTLE ROOM = *ANCE & *AOS4 ,:AT'S MORE1 ,%ELLEY HAS 
/EPP$ BACK FROM HIS [N CLAIMS AT KN[L$GE4 ,9 ! OP5+ L9ES TO 
,ALA/OR1 HE AGA9 REF]S TO ! WORLD'S S\RCE 9 ! FEM99E1 BUT 
?IS TIME HE SAYS 0,MO!R ( ?IS UNFA?OMABLE WORLD0 7#a#h1 EMPHASIS 
ADD$74 ,%ELLEY'S T5D5CY TO SPEAK ( ! UNKN[ABLE1 ! UNFA?OMABLE1 & 
! UNC]TA9 WILL ONLY MULTIPLY FROM H]E4 

,ALA/OR CAN EV5 BE READ AS A W>N+ ?AT ! ZEAL TO KN[ ! 
SECRETS ( ! UNIV]SE 7AS EXEMPLIFI$ BY ! POET7 WILL LEAD TO SOCIAL 
ISOLATION & ESCAPISM FROM ! WORLD4 ,! REMA9D] ( ! POEM CONSI/S ( 
! POET'S LONG SOLIT>Y J\RNEY TO HIS DEA? UPON A M\NTA9TOP4 ,AT ! 5D1 
,ALA/OR S+S ! TRAG$Y ( ! ONE :O SEEKS TO UNCOV] ! MY/]IES ( ! 
UNFA?OMABLE &1 C>RI$ BY ?IS IMPOSSIBLE TASK1 IS LO/ TO ! WORLD4#a#b75D7 

,! CLOS+ L9ES ( ,ALA/OR3 

,IT IS A WOE TOO 0DEEP = TE>S10 :5 ALL 

,IS REFT AT ONCE1 :5 SOME SURPASS+ ,SPIRIT1 

,:OSE LI<T ADORN$ ! WORLD >\ND IT1 LEAVES 

,?OSE :O REMA9 BEH9D1 NOT SOBS OR GROANS1 

,! PASSIONATE TUMULT ( A CL++ HOPE2 

,BUT PALE DESPAIR & COLD TRANQUILITY1 

,NATURE'S VA/ FRAME1 ! WEB ( HUMAN ?+S1 

,BIR? & ! GRAVE1 ?AT >E NOT AS !Y W]E4 

7#g#a#c-#b7 

,! POEM IS NOT MORALI/IC 5\< TO BE A W>N+1 H[EV]4 ,:AT IT CONVEYS 
9/EAD IS ! K9D ( AWFUL BEAUTY ?AT *>ACT]IZES ! GREAT TRAG$IES ( 
! ,GREEKS 7ATTUN$1 LIKE ,%ELLEY1 TO ! P[] ( !IR ,FATES74 ,?IS V]Y 
WORD1 AWFUL1 :I* ,%ELLEY USES (T51 MAY CONVEY ,%ELLEY'S /RANGE ATTITUDE 
T[>D ! UNIV]SE4 ,9 ! E>LY #a#i? C5TURY :5 ,%ELLEY WAS WRIT+1 ! 
MEAN+ ( 'AWFUL' WAS 9 A TRANSITION FROM ITS OLD] S5SE ( EVOK+ WOND] 
& AWE TO ITS MOD]N S5SE ( V]Y BAD OR HORRIFY+4 ,P]HAPS AT ! CUSP ( 
!SE TWO S5SES WE CAN 9TUIT A MEAN+ ( ! T]M ?AT V]GES ON ! ODD 
COMB9ATION ( AWE1 FE>1 & T]ROR 5TAIL$ BY ,%ELLEY'S WORLDVIEW4 

,!RE IS TRAG$Y 9 ,ALA/OR'S P>T+ L9ES ABOVE1 AS WELL AS 9 ! 
DESCRIPTION ( ! LONELY PEAK & SOLIT>Y P9E ?AT FRAME ! PLACE ( ! 
POET'S DEA?4 ,= EXAMPLE1 ! DESCRIPTION ( ! P9E ON :I* ! POET PLACES 
HIS H& BE=E HE LAYS D[N TO DIE CONVEYS ! QUALITY ?AT ACCRUES TO ?OSE 
:OSE PASSIONS LEAD !M TO SEEK ! PEAKS & :O 5DURE H>% CONDITIONS & 
SOLITUDE4 ,!RE IS AN UND5IABLE LOVEL9ESS & TRANQUILITY TO ! SETT+ & 
EXP]I5CE ( ! POET'S DEA?1 & A TRAGIC 9EVITABILITY TO ! DEP>TURE ( 
! BRI<TE/ FLAMES FROM A WORLD TOO DIM = !M4 ,:AT ,%ELLEY DOES SEEM TO 
W>N AGA9/ 9 ,ALA/OR IS NOT ! SE>* = TRU?1 EV5 IF IT LEADS 
TO SOLITUDE & DEA?1 BUT 9/EAD ! BELIEF ?AT ! UNIV]SE CAN BE FULLY 
FA?OM$ & ITS MY/]Y CAPTUR$ 9 AN 5DUR+ IMAGE4 

,D>KNESS TO A ,DY+ ,FLAME 

,AFT] ,ALA/OR1 ,%ELLEY'S *>ACT]IZATION ( ! UNIV]SE & ITS 
UND]LY+ PR9CIPLE T5DS /ILL FUR!R T[>D UNC]TA9TY & UNKN[ABILITY4 
,! ,HYMN TO ,9TELLECTUAL ,BEAUTY IS AN ODE TO AN 0UNSE5 ,P[]10 BUT 
MORE (T5 ?AN NOT IT IS ADDRESS$ TO ?AT P[]'S 0AWFUL %AD[10 A %AD[ 
:I* 0,FLOATS ?\< UNSE5 AMONG US0 7#a-#b74 ,ONE GETS ! S5SE N[ ?AT 
!RE >E LAY]S ( MY/]Y & %AD[ BETWE5 \RSELVES & TRU?1 AS NOT ONLY 
IS ITS %AD[ ) US1 BUT EV5 ?AT %AD[ GOES UNSE54 ,BUT ! UNSE5 P[]'S 
MY/]Y1 ,%ELLEY DECL>ES1 MAKES IT ALL ! MORE DE> TO US4 

,?\< ! ,SPIRIT ( ,BEAUTY VISITS ! WORLD1 ITS PRES5CE IS FLEET+ & IT 
LEAVES 0,?IS DIM VA/ VALE ( TE>S1 VACANT & DESOLATE40 ,9 AN ATTEMPT TO 
OV]COME !IR WORLDLY SORR[1 PEOPLE CREATE 0! NAME ( ,GOD & <O/S & 
,HEAV510 TRY+ TO L5D CL>ITY TO A P[] !Y >E IGNORANT (4 ,BUT !SE 
NAMES1 ,%ELLEY CLAIMS1 >E UNABLE 0TO SEV]1 _/ ,FROM ALL WE HE> & ALL WE SEE1 
_/ ,D\BT1 *ANCE & MUTABILITY0 7#b#i-#c#a74 

,H]E1 NOT ONLY DOES ,%ELLEY SEEM TO HAVE AB&ON$ HIS PRIOR BELIEF 9 ! 
ABSOLUTE C]TA9TY ( ! UNIV]SE1 HE ACCUSES RELIGION ( ATTEMPT+ TO 
ELIM9ATE *ANGE & UNC]TA9TY FROM ! WORLD4 ,9DE$1 MUTABILITY IS N[ ONE 
( ! WAYS HE NAMES ! UND]LY+ PR9CIPLE ( ! UNIV]SE1 AS 9 ! POEM 
5TITL$ ,MUTABILITY :I* HE WROTE JU/ BE=E ! ,HYMN4 ,?IS 
PR9CIPLE GOES BY MANY NAMES 9 ! ,HYMN--0UNSE5 ,P[]0 7#a71 0,SPIRIT 
( BEAUTY0 7#a#c71 0AWFUL LOVEL9ESS0 7#g#a71 0SPIRIT FAIR0 7#h#c7 7,%ELLEY USES EA* 
( !SE ONLY ONCE7--& EV5 MORE METAPHORS1 EA* EVOK+ MY/]Y & ! 
UNKN[N4 ,ONE ( !SE METAPHORS DES]VES P>TICUL> M5TION3 

,?\--?AT TO HUMAN ?\<T >T N\RI%M5T 

,LIKE D>KNESS TO A DY+ FLAME6 

7#d#d-#d#e7 

,H]E HUMAN ?\<T IS NOT CREAT$ OR SU/A9$ BY AN 5TITY 9 ANY WAY FAMILI> 
OR ALIKE TO IT4 ,HUMAN ?\<T IS 9/EAD A BURN+1 DY+ =CE SURR\ND$ BY 
! D>KNESS ( EV]Y?+ IT F9DS MY/]I\S & UNKN[N4 ,IF IT EXI/S1 IT IS 
BY ! />K CONTRA/ ( ?IS VA/1 5COMPASS+ ALI5NESS4 ,IF IT 5DURES1 IT 
IS BECAUSE IT IS FILL$ ) WOND] & DESIRE BY ! MY/]Y ?AT SURR\NDS 
IT4 ,HUMAN ?\<T BURNS1 DY+1 AGA9/ ! D>KNESS ( :AT IT DOES NOT KN[4 

,%ELLEY WILL AGA9 SPEAK ( ! MY/]I\S P[] AS ! S\RCE ( HUMAN ?\<T 
9 ,MONT ,BLANC1 ?IS TIME ?R\< ! METAPHOR ( ! /REAMS ( WAT] 
?AT DESC5D FROM ! M\NTA9 MU* AS HUMAN ?\<T DESC5DS FROM 0SECRET 
SPR+S0 7#d74 ,MONT ,BLANC1 9 L9E ) ! 0D>KNESS TO A DY+ FLAME0 
9 ! ,HYMN1 IS AN ODE TO SIL5CE4 ,%ELLEY CONCLUDES ! BRIEF ODE 
) !SE L9ES3 

444 ,! SECRET /R5G? ( ?+S 

,:I* GOV]NS ?\<T1 & TO ! 9F9ITE DOME 

,( HEAV5 IS AS A LAW1 9HABITS !E6 

,& :AT W]E ?\1 & E>?1 & />S1 & SEA1 

,IF TO ! HUMAN M9D'S IMAG9+S 

,SIL5CE & SOLITUDE W]E VACANCY8 

7#a#c#i-#d#d7 

,AS ,%ELLEY'S APPRECIATION ( MY/]Y1 D>KNESS & SIL5CE GR[1 HIS METAPHORS 
& NAMES = ! PR9CIPLE ( ! UNIV]SE GR[ MORE MY/]I\S1 D>K & 
9HUMAN4 ,AB&ON+ ! NAME ( 0MO!R10 HE EVOKES ! P[] ?R\< ! 
D>KNESS 9 ! ,HYMN & ! SIL5T1 SOLIT>Y M\NTA9 9 ,MONT 
,BLANC4 ,! P[] /ILL GIVES RISE TO ! UNIV]SE1 NOT 9 ANY BIR?-LIKE 
G5]ATION1 & IT N\RI%ES HUMAN ?\<T1 BUT )\T ! HUMAN EMOTION & 
BOND ?AT ! NAME ( MO!R W\LD SUGGE/4 ,ITS ABS5CE & ITS MY/]Y >E 
:AT FE$ ! DY+ FLAME ( HUMAN ?\<T1 BURN+ AGA9/ ! D>KNESS4 

,5D NOTES 

#f4 ,MAB'S SPEE* ON HUMAN PRIDE IS QUITE ILLU/RATIVE ( ,%ELLEY'S ANIMI/ ?\<T3 

,H[ /RANGE IS HUMAN PRIDE6 

,I TELL !E ?AT ?OSE LIV+ ?+S1 

,TO :OM ! FRAGILE BLADE ( GRASS1 

,?AT SPR+E? 9 ! MORN 

,& P]I%E? ]E NOON1 

,IS AN UNB\ND$ WORLD2 

,I TELL !E ?AT ?OSE VIEWLESS BE+S1 

,:OSE MANSION IS ! SMALLE/ P>TICLE 

,( ! IMPASSIVE ATMOSPH]E1 

,?9K1 FEEL & LIVE LIKE MAN2 

,?AT !IR AFFECTIONS & ANTIPA?IES1 

,LIKE HIS1 PRODUCE ! LAWS 

,RUL+ !IR MORTAL /ATE 

        7,I,I1 #b#b#e-#b#c#g7 

#a4 ,?IS !ME E*OES ! 9TRODUCTORY ODE FROM ,QUE5 ,MAB3 

,H[ WOND]FUL IS ,DEA?1 

,DEA? & HIS BRO!R ,SLEEP6 

,ONE1 PALE AS YOND] WAN+ MOON 

,) LIPS ( LURID BLUE2 

,! O!R1 ROSY AS ! MORN 

,:5 ?RON$ ON OCEAN'S WAVE 

,IT BLU%ES O'] ! WORLD3 

,YET BO? SO PASS+ WOND]FUL6 

#a#b4 ,! TRAG$Y ( ! BRI<TE/ ONES BE+ LO/ TO ! WORLD RECURS 9 
,%ELLEY'S WRIT+1 NO D\BT BECAUSE HE ID5TIFIES ) !SE TRAGIC FIGURES :O 
SEEK TRU? & KN[L$GE BEYOND ALL ELSE4 ,9 A LAT] 7UNTITL$7 SONNET HE 
COND5SES MU* ( ! SPIRIT ( ,ALA/OR 9TO A FEW L9ES3 

,LIFT NOT ! PA9T$ VEIL :I* ?OSE :O LIVE 

,CALL ,LIFE2 ?\< UNREAL %APES BE PICTUR$ !RE 

,& IT BUT MIMIC ALL WE W\LD BELIEVE 

,) COLORS IDLY SPREAD1--BEH9D1 LURK ,FE> 

,& ,HOPE1 TW9 ,DE/9IES1 :O EV] WEAVE 

,!IR %AD[S O'] ! *ASM1 SI<TLESS & DRE>1 

,I KNEW ONE :O HAD LIFT$ IT 4444 HE S\<T1 

,= HIS LO/ HE>T WAS T5D]1 ?+S TO LOVE 

,BUT F\ND !M NOT1 ALAS2 NOR WAS !RE AU<T 

,! WORLD CONTA9S1 ! :I* HE C\LD APPROVE4 

,?R\< ! UNHE$+ MANY HE DID MOVE1 

,A SPL5DOR AMONG %AD[S--A BRI<T BLOT 

,UPON ?IS GLOOMY SC5E--A ,SPIRIT ?AT /ROVE 

,= TRU?1 & LIKE ! ,PREA*]1 F\ND IT NOT4-- 

.<#a.> ,%ELLEY'S USAGE ( ',AN>*Y' 9 ! TITLE & ! BODY ( ! POEM DOES NOT 
REF] HIS [N IDEAL BUT TO ! ,*AOS :I* SPREADS DEA? ACROSS ! L&4 ,?AT 
! ,AN>*Y ( ! POEM IS ESS5TIALLY ! OPPOSITE ( ! IDEAL %>$ BY 
,%ELLEY & ?OSE :O HAVE LAT] CALL$ !MSELVES AN>*I/S IS DEMON/RAT$ 
BY H[ ! SOLDI]S1 LAWY]S1 & PRIE/S GREET HIM3 0,?\ >T ,K+1 & ,GOD1 
& ,LORD2 _/ ,AN>*Y1 TO ,!E WE B[1 _/ ,BE ?Y NAME MADE HOLY N[60 

.<#b.> ,! FIR/ ?REE WORDS ( ?IS REFRA9 HAVE REC5TLY BE5 ADOPT$ AS ! 
NAME ( AN AN>*I/ PUBLI%+ PROJECT 9 ! NOR?WE/ REGION ( ! ,UNIT$ 
,/ATES AS WELL AS ! TITLE ( A DOCUM5T>Y FILM AB\T ! ,OCCUPY ,MOVEM5T4 

.<#c.> ,AFT] %E TOOK ! SURNAME ,%ELLEY FROM ,P]CY HIMSELF4 ,P]CY BE+ ! 
SUBJECT ( ?IS ESSAY1 WE WILL USE !IR %>$ SURNAME TO REF] SOLELY TO HIM4 

.<#d.> ,M>Y ,%ELLEY1 :O WAS CLOSELY ACQUA9T$ ) !SE IDEAS AS !Y EXI/$ 
9 ! POLITICAL SPH]E ( H] P>5TS & ! METAPHYSICAL SPH]E ( H] 
LOV]1 CAN BE READ AS 9T]WEAV+1 9 ,FRANK5/E91 AN>*IC ?\<T 
BETWE5 !SE SPH]ES4 ,! 9T]WEAV+ ( METAPHYSICS ) ! ISSUES ( 
PRES5T SOCIETY IS 9DE$ A FITT+ DEF9ITION ( SCI5CE FICTION1 ! G5RE 
?AT ,M>Y ,%ELLEY IS CR$IT$ ) PIONE]+ 9 ,FRANK5/E94 ,M>Y 
,%ELLEY IS NOT ! SUBJECT ( ?IS ESSAY1 BUT P>TIES 9TRIGU$ BY ! TOPIC 
MAY BE 9T]E/$ 9 READ+ H] 9 ?IS LI<T4 

.<#e.> ,TEMPLE4 

.<#g.> ,%ELLEY DOES 9VOKE ! T]M AGA9 9 ,LAON & ,CYN?IA OR1 ,! 
,REVOLUTION ( ! ,GOLD5 ,CITY3 ,A ,VISION ( ! ,N9ETE5? ,C5TURY 7:I* 
HE LAT] RETITL$ ,! ,REVOLT ( ,ISLAM74 ,?IS POEM DESCRIBES ! RISE 
& FALL ( A FLEET+ UPRIS+1 & /UDIES ! ]RORS ?AT LEAD TO ! 
REIMPOSITION ( ORD]4 

.<#h.> ,%ELLEY HAD ! TEXT PR9T$ 9 HIS NAME & !N DI/RIBUT$ AB\T SEV5TY 
COPIES TO P]SONS HE FELT RELATIVELY UN?REAT5$ BY1 BUT ONLY AFT] CUTT+ 
\T HIS NAME & ADDRESS FROM ! TEXT1 USUALLY REMOV+ HIS OP5+ D$ICATION 
( ! POEM TO HIS !N-WIFE ,H>RIET AS WELL4 

.<#i.> ,WE WILL ONLY MAKE PASS+ REF]5CE TO TWO PH5OM5A3 FIR/1 ! RISE ( 
MONO!ISM1 SYNONYM\S ) ! EXCLUSIVE MASCUL9ITY ( ,GOD1 & ) ! MASS 
DEVA/ATION ( ?OSE ACCUS$ ( WOR%IP+ A ,GODDESS OR GODDESSES2 & SECOND1 
! C\NT]-MOVEM5T ( REC5T DECADES FOCUS+ L>GELY ON ! REVIVAL ( ! 
CONCEPT ( DIV9E FEM99ITY4 

.<#a#a.> ,ODDLY 5\<1 ,%ELLEY W\LD HIMSELF DIE1 SEV]AL YE>S LAT]1 9 A /ORM AT SEA4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,FEBRU>Y #a1 #bba 3 ,UNLIKE ! ,GOD ( ,HUMAN ,]ROR -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #g1 #bbb 3 ,UNLIKE ! ,GOD ( ,HUMAN ,]ROR -- ,UPDAT$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/