,UTOPIAS ( ! ,5GLI% ,REVOLUTION 

#aida 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,M>IE ,L\ISE ,B]N]I 

,TEXT 3 

  

,PHOTO BY ,G&ALF'S ,GALL]Y1,C,C ,B,Y-,S,A ,LIC5SE ,:ILE ON ! ,CONT95T ! SEV5TE5? C5TURY SAW ! CONSOLIDATION ( ABSOLUTE GOV]NM5TS1 9 ,5GL& ! ABSOLUTISM ( ! K+S WAS RESOLUTELY OPPOS$ BY A GREAT SECTION ( ! POPULATION1 & ! P[] ( ! MON>*Y WAS HELD 9 *ECK BY ,P>LIAM5T4 ,AT A TIME :5 ,L\IS ,X,I,V WAS ABLE TO PROCLAIM 0,L',ETAT C'E/ ,MOI10 ,*>LES ,I WAS L$ TO ! SCAFFOLD4 ,! DOCTR9E ( ! DIV9E RI<T ( K+S1 :I* HAD ALL[$ ! ,FR5* MON>*S TO CRU% ALL POLITICAL & RELIGI\S FRE$OM1 HAD GA9$ LITTLE SUPPORT AMONG ,5GLI% PEOPLE :O BELIEV$1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 ?AT ! P[] ( ! RUL]S MU/ RESPECT ! 9ALI5ABLE RI<TS ( ! 9DIVIDUAL & ?AT C]TA9 LIMITATIONS MU/ BE PUT TO ! P[] ( ! HEAD ( ! /ATE4 

,:ILE ! IDEAL COMMONWEAL? CONCEIV$ BY ,JAMES ,H>R+TON TRI$ TO COMB9E ! EXI/5CE ( A P[]FUL /ATE ) RESPECT = ! POLITICAL RI<TS ( ! CITIZ5S1 ,?OMAS ,HOBBES & ,G]R>D ,W9/ANLEY1 = OPPOSITE REASONS1 D5I$ ! POSSIBILITY ( P[] BE+ %>$ BETWE5 ! /ATE & ! PEOPLE4 

,WE %ALL ONLY SAY A FEW WORDS H]E AB\T ,HOBBES' ,LEVIA?AN & ,H>R+TON'S ,OCEANA BECAUSE1 ?\< !Y >E (T5 REF]R$ TO AS ,UTOPIAS1 ! FIR/ W\LD BE MORE CORRECTLY DESCRIB$ AS A TREATISE ON GOV]NM5T1 :ILE ! SECOND BELONGS TO ! CATEGORY ( IDEAL CON/ITUTIONS RA!R ?AN TO ?AT ( IDEAL COMMONWEAL?S4 ,ON ! O!R H& WE %ALL DEAL AT L5G? ) ,W9/ANLEY'S ,LAW ( ,FRE$OM1 P>TLY BECAUSE IT HAS G5]ALLY BE5 OV]LOOK$1 & P>TLY BECAUSE IT EMBODIES ! SPIRIT ( ! ,5GLI% REVOLUTION 9 ITS MORE POPUL> & REVOLUTION>Y =M4 

,?OMAS ,HOBBES' ,LEVIA?AN1 :I* WAS PUBLI%$ 9 #a#f#e#a1 CLAIM$ TO E/ABLI% ! RI<T ( ! ,/ATE TO ABSOLUTE P[]1 & D5I$ ?AT MAN POSSESS$ ANY 0NATURAL RI<TS40 ,HOBBES MA9TA9$ ?AT MAN IS NOT BY NATURE A SOCIAL BE+1 PROVID$ ) MORAL S5SE1 BUT ?AT IT WAS ! ,/ATE :I* HAD PUT AN 5D TO ! 0W> ( ALL AGA9/ ALL40 ,! FIR/ RUL]S HAD BE5 GIV5 BY CONTRACT1 ABSOLUTE P[] OV] ! RE/ ( ! PEOPLE & ?AT CONTRACT WAS TO BE RESPECT$ BY FOLL[+ G5]ATIONS & :OEV] BROKE IT WAS GUILTY ( ! WOR/ ( ALL CRIMES4 ,HE RECOMM5D$ ABSOLUTE MON>*Y AS ! BE/ =M ( GOV]NM5T & HELD ?AT ! 9DIVIDUAL IS UND] OBLIGATION TO SUBMIT UNQUE/ION+LY TO SU* A GOV]NM5T4 ,EV5 ! ,*UR* MU/ BE D5I$ ALL TEMPORAL P[] & RELIGION MU/ BE RECOGNIZ$ & TAU<T BY ! /ATE4 0,! NAME ,LEVIA?AN10 SAYS ,F4 ,A4 ,LANGEL1 0IS ONLY TOO APPROPRIATE = ?IS MON/]1 ! /ATE1 :I* GUID$ BY NO HI<] CONSID]ATION1 LIKE A T]RE/RIAL GOD ORD]S LAW & JU/ICE1 RI<TS & PROP]TY1 ACCORD+ TO ITS PLEASURE EV5 >BITR>ILY DEF9ES ! CONCEPTS ( GOOD & EVIL & 9 RETURN GU>ANTEES PROTECTION ( LIFE & PROP]TY TO ?OSE :O FALL ON !IR KNEES & SACRIFICE TO IT40 

,H>R+TON'S ,OCEANA WAS WRITT5 AFT] ! EXECUTION ( ,*>LES ,I1 AT A TIME :5 IT SEEM$ POSSIBLE ?AT F>-REA*+ RE=MS MI<T SOLVE ,5GL&'S ECONOMIC & POLITICAL PROBLEMS4 ,:ILE ,! ,LAW ( ,FRE$OM1 :I* HAD APPE>$ A FEW YE>S E>LI]1 IS CONC]N$ MA9LY ) IMPROV+ ! CONDITIONS ( ! L&LESS LABOR]S1 ,OCEANA (F]S TO AMELIORATE ! SITUATION ( ! MIDDLE CLASSES4 ,! RI<T ( ! ELD] BRO!RS TO ! :OLE 9H]ITANCE WAS CONC5TRAT+ PROP]TY 9 ! H&S ( AN EV]-%R9K+ NUMB] ( PEOPLE1 DE/ROY+ ! ECONOMIC BALANCE ( PROP]TY 9 ! C\NTRY1 & CREAT+ A CLASS ( P>ASITES COMPOS$ MA9LY ( CL]GYM5 & LAWY]S1 :I* WAS ! REFUGE ( ! 0Y\NG] SONS40 

,H>R+TON BELIEV$ ?AT !RE C\LD BE NO POLITICAL P[] )\T ECONOMIC P[] & HE WI%$ TO SPREAD ?IS ECONOMIC P[] OV] A L>GE SECTION ( ! POPULATION BY ! APPLICATION ( AN AGR>IAN LAW :I* W\LD RE/RICT ! SIZE ( L& PROP]TY TO ?AT YIELD+ A REV5UE ( "4#c4 ,?IS NEW BALANCE ( PROP]TY WAS TO BE PRES]V$ BY A ,REPUBLICAN GOV]NM5T 9 :I* ALL (FICES W]E TO BE FILL$ BY M5 *OS5 BY BALLOT & HOLD+ (FICE = A LIMIT$ TIME4 ,!RE WAS TO BE A D\BLE *AMB] SY/EM1 ONE H\SE = DEBATE & ! O!R = VOT+4 ,?IS CURI\S DIVISION WAS BAS$ ON ! ASSUMPTION ?AT !RE IS AN IMPORTANT DI/9CTION BETWE5 ! CAPACITY = 09T5TION0 & ! CAPACITY = 0JUDGM5T10 & ?AT ELOQU5CE PRES5T$ A DANG] = ! DEMOCRATIC /ATE4 ,ONLY ! 0FREEM510 ?AT IS TO SAY ! PROP]TY [N]S1 W]E TO HAVE ! RI<T TO P>TICIPATE 9 ! GOV]NM5T ( ! ,COMMONWEAL? -- ! 0S]VANTS BE+ ECONOMICALLY DEP5D5T C\LD NOT TAKE P>T 9 ! AFFAIRS ( ! ,/ATE4 ,UNLIKE ! SLAVES ( ,ANCI5T ,GREECE1 H[EV]1 ! 0S]VANTS0 C\LD BY !IR 9DU/RY RISE TO ! /ATUS ( FREEM54 ,H>R+TON HAD BE5 GREATLY 9FLU5C$ BY ,PLUT>*1 ,PLATO & ,>I/OTLE1 & HE SAID HIMSELF ?AT 0,OCEANA WAS NOT DISCOV]$ 9 PHANSY BUT 9 ! >*IVES ( ANCI5T PRUD5CE40 ,BUT1 AS ,H4 ,F4 ,RUSSELL HAS PO9T$ \T 9 HIS BOOK ON ,H>R+TON & HIS ,OCEANA1 IT IS A WORK ( A DIFF]5T TYPE FROM ,PLATO'S ,REPUBLIC OR ,MORE'S ,UTOPIA3 0,IT WAS MEANT NEI!R = ! SKIES NOR = SOME SPOT ( E>? ?AT DID NOT EXI/1 BUT = ,5GL&4 ,ITS AU?OR HAD V]Y CLE>LY DEF9$ VIEWS AS TO ! NE$S ( HIS C\NTRY1 & HIS LOVE ( ! PICTURESQUE PROMPT$ HIM TO BR+ !M =W>D 9 ! =M ( :AT HE CALL$ A 'POLITICAL ROMANCE' 4444 ,! BOOK1 /RIPP$ ( ITS ALLEGORICAL TRAPP+S IS LITTLE MORE ?AN A MAGNIFI$ WRITT5 CON/ITUTION40 

,?\< ,H>R+TON D$ICAT$ HIS ,OCEANA TO ,CROMWELL1 :O IS ALSO ! H]O ( ! /ORY & GIV5 ! TASK ( ACCOMPLI%+ = ,5GL& :AT ,LYCURGUS DID = ,SP>TA1 ! BOOK WAS CONFISCAT$ :ILE IT WAS PASS+ ?R\< ! PRESS UND] ! NEWLY 5ACT$ ORD] AGA9/ 0SC&AL\S ,BOOKS & ,PAMPHLETS40 ,IT WAS1 H[EV]1 ALL[$ TO APPE> ONE YE> LAT]1 9 #a#f#e#f1 & IMM$IATELY 5JOY$ A GREAT POPUL>ITY1 ?\< ,CROMWELL'S SUPPORT]S TRI$ !IR BE/ TO RIDICULE IT4 ,OCEANA1 AS ,RUSSELL HAS %[N1 RECEIV$ GREAT ATT5TION 9 ,AM]ICA & MANY ( ,H>R+TON'S IDEAS W]E EMBODI$ 9 ! CON/ITUTIONS ( ! ,AM]ICAN COLONIES ( ! ,RE/ORATION P]IOD & 9 P>TICUL> 9 ! CON/ITUTION ( ,P5NSYLVANIA4 

,H>R+TON %>$ ) ! ,LEVEL]S ! BELIEF ?AT POLITICAL FRE$OM MU/ RE/ ON ! 0POSSESSION ( ! E>?10 BUT HE ONLY S\<T ?AT FRE$OM = A CLASS ( G5TLEM5 F>M]S :O W]E TO BE ! 0GU>DIANS0 ( ! LABOR+ CLASSES4 

,G]R>D ,W9/ANLEY 

,! ,LAW ( ,FRE$OM 

,DUR+ ! C5TURY & HALF :I* SEP>ATE ,MORE'S ,UTOPIA FROM ,W9/ANLEY'S ,LAW ( ,FRE$OM1 ! CONDITIONS ( ! ,5GLI% LABOR] HAD /EADILY WORS5$4 ,?\< COMM]CE & 9DU/RY W]E EXP&+1 ! SEV5TE5? C5TURY WAS1 9 ! WORDS ( ,?OROLD ,ROG]S1 0A P]IOD ( EXCESSIVE MIS]Y AMONG ! MASS ( ! PEOPLE & ! T5ANTS1 A TIME 9 :I* A FEW MI<T HAVE BECOME RI*1 :ILE ! MANY W]E CRU%$ D[N 9TO HOPELESS & ALMO/ P]MAN5T 9DIG5CE40 ,! UNEMPLOYM5T1 HOMELESSNESS & VAGRANCY BR\<T AB\T BY ! 5CLOSURE ( ! L&S WAS CONT9UALLY 9CREAS+1 COPYHOLD T5ANTS W]E BE+ DEPRIV$ ( ! /RIPS ( L& !Y CULTIVAT$ 9 ! OP5 FIELDS & ! L&LESS LABOR]S ( !IR RI<T TO PA/URE !IR BEA/S & CUT FIREWOOD ON ! COMMONS4 ,AS DUR+ ! REIGN ( ,H5RY ,V,I,I,I1 ! RUL+ CLASS S\<T TO CRU% POPUL> DISCONT5T BY 9CREAS+ ! SEV]ITY ( ! LAWS AGA9/ BEGG>S & VAGRANTS2 IT WAS ORD]$ ?AT :5 APPREH5D$ = ! FIR/ TIME !Y %\LD BE BR&$ ) ! LETT] ,R & IF F\ND AGA9 W&]+ OR BEGG+ !Y W\LD 0SUFF] DEA? )\T B5EFIT ( ,CL]GY40 

,9 SPITE ( !SE MEASURES VAGRANCY & PETTY !FT 9CREAS$ =1 AS ,MORE HAD SAID1 0:5 ! /OMA*S ( ?OSE ?AT >E TURN$ \T ( DOORS1 GR[ KE51 !Y ROB NO LESS KE5LY2 & :AT ELSE CAN !Y DO80 ,!Y C\LD ALSO REVOLT1 & !Y DID4 ,F5CES & H$GES :I* 5CLOS$ ! ONCE COMMON FIELDS W]E LEVEL$ & PEASANTS' 9SURRECTIONS FOLL[$ ONE ANO!R AT %ORT 9T]VALS4 ,MOVEM5TS ALSO CAME 9TO EXI/5CE :I* S\<T A REM$Y TO ! MIS]Y ( ! PEOPLE ?R\< POLITICAL ACTION4 ,) ! FALL ( ! ,MON>*Y & ! RISE ( ! ,9DEP5D5TS !RE WAS A HOPE ?AT RADICAL RE=MS W\LD TAKE PLACE1 BUT !SE HOPES W]E %ORT LIV$4 ,DISCONT5T SPREAD TO ! >MY & MUT9IES HAD TO BE CRU%$ BY :OLESALE CA%I]+4 ,EV5 AMONG ! ,LEVEL]S :O HAD ADVOCAT$ CON/ITUTIONAL POLITICAL RE=MS1 MANY BEGAN TO LOSE FAI? 9 ! ,LONG ,P>LIAM5T1 DOM9AT$ BY ! L&LORDS1 :O DID LITTLE TO RELIEVE ! 9CREAS$ POV]TY BR\<T AB\T BY ! ,CIVIL ,W> & %[$ NO CONC]N = ! FAMILIES ( ?OSE :O HAD BE5 MAIM$ OR KILL$ S]V+ 9 !IR [N >MY4 ,! 0LEFT W+0 ( ! ,LEVEL]S REALIZ$ ?AT A SOLUTION TO ! ECONOMIC SITUATION C\LD ONLY BE F\ND BY IMPROV+ ! CONDITIONS ( ! PEASANTRY1 & !Y ADVOCAT$ ! RE/ORATION ( ALL COMMON L&S TO ! L&LESS LABOR]S & ! ABOLITION ( 0BASE T5URES40 

,T[>DS #afdh A MOVEM5T SPRANG UP1 ( ! 0TRUE LEVEL]S0 OR 0,DIGG]S10 :I* W5T BEYOND ! DEM&S ( EV5 ! MO/ EXTREME ( ! ,LEVEL]S4 ,!Y SAW ?AT NO?+1 %ORT ( DIRECT ACTION1 W\LD GIVE BACK TO ! PEASANTS ! L&S !Y HAD LO/1 & EV5TUALLY !Y EV5 *ALL5G$ ! RI<T ( A FEW TO PRIVATE PROP]TY 9 ! L&4 ,?IS 9VOLV$ A COMPLETE *ANGE 9 ! /RUCTURE ( SOCIETY =1 AS ,G]R>D ,W9/ANLEY1 :O BECAME ! LEAD] & !ORETICIAN ( ! ,DIGG]S' ,MOVEM5T1 EXPRESS$ IT1 IT WAS NOT 5\< TO 0REMOVE ! ,CONQU]OR'S P[] \T ( ! K+'S H& 9TO O!R M5'S1 MA9TA9+ ! OLD LAWS /ILL40 

,BY ! BEG9N+ ( #afdi ! 0,CONQU]OR'S P[]0 HAD BE5 REMOV$ \T ( ! ,K+'S H&S1 ! ,K+ HAD BE5 EXECUT$1 ! ,H\SE ( ,COMMONS HAD BE5 PURG$ ( ITS 0MALIGNANT MEMB]S0 & ! ,C\NCILS ( ,/ATE HAD BE5 APPO9T$ TO ADM9I/] ! PUBLIC AFFAIRS ( ,5GL&4 ,BUT ! ,DIGG]S TOOK IT UPON !MSELVES TO REMOVE ! 0OLD ,LAWS40 ,ON ! #a#f? ( ,APRIL1 #a#f#d#i1 ! ,C\NCIL ( ,/ATE WAS 9=M$ ?AT A 0DISORD]LY & TUMULTU\S SORT ( PEOPLE0 L$ BY 0ONE ,EV]>D1 ONCE ( ! >MY BUT WAS CA%I]$10 HAD BEGUN TO DIG ON ,/ ,GEORGE'S ,HILL 9 ,SURREY 0& S[$ ! GR\ND ) P>SNIPS1 C>ROTS & BEANS40 ,! ,C\NCIL ( ,/ATE WAS SO AL>M$ BY ! ACTIVITIES ( ! ,DIGG]S1 ?\< !Y ONLY NUMB]$ TW5TY OR ?IRTY1 ?AT !Y 9/RUCT$ ,LORD ,FAIRFAX1 ! ,LORD ,G5]AL ( ! >M$ =CES ( ! ,COMMONWEAL?1 TO S5D SOME 0=CE ( HORSE444 ) ORD]S TO DISP]SE ! PEOPLE SO MET1 & TO PREV5T ! LIKE = ! FUTURE0 &1 SO AS ALMO/ TO EXCUSE !MSELVES = !IR FE>S1 !Y ADD$ 0AL?\< ! PRET5SE ( !IR BE+ !RE MAY SEEM V]Y RIDICUL\S1 YET ?AT CONFLUX ( PEOPLE MAY BE A BEG9N+ TO :5CE ?+S ( A GREAT] & MORE DANG]\S CONSEQU5CE MAY GR[1 TO ! DI/URBANCE ( ! PEACE & QUIET ( ! ,COMMONWEAL?40 

,?US AT A MOM5T\S TIME 9 HI/ORY ! T9Y ,DIGG] ,MOVEM5T OCCUPI$ ! ATT5TION ( ! ,C\NCIL ( ,/ATE & ( ! ,LORD ,G5]AL ( ! ,>M$ ,=CES ( ! ,COMMONWEAL?4 ,HAD !Y KN[N ! REASONS :I* PROMPT$ ! ,DIGG]S TO OCCUPY ,/ ,GEORGE'S ,HILL !IR FE>S W\LD HAVE BE5 /ILL GREAT]4 ,!SE REASONS HAD BE5 SET D[N BY ,G]R>D ,W9/ANLEY BE=E !Y BEGAN !IR ACTIVITIES3 

0,! WORK WE >E GO+ AB\T IS ?IS1 ,TO DIG UP ,GEORGE'S ,HILL & ! WA/E GR\NDS !REAB\TS1 & S[ CORN1 & TO EAT \R BREAD TOGE!R BY ! SWEAT ( \R BR[S4 

0,& ! FIR/ REASON IS ?IS1 ?AT WE MAY WORK 9 RI<TE\SNESS1 & LAY ! F\NDATION ( MAK+ ! E>? A COMMON TREASURY = ALL1 BO? RI* & POOR1 ?AT EV]YONE ?AT IS BORN 9 ! L& MAY BE F$ BY ! E>? HIS MO!R ?AT BR\<T HIM =?1 ACCORD+ TO ! REASON ?AT RULES 9 ! CREATION40 

,( ,G]R>D ,W9/ANLEY1 :O EM]GES AT ?AT TIME AS ONE ( ! LEAD]S ( ! MOVEM5T1 LITTLE IS KN[N UNTIL #afdh :5 HE PUBLI%$ F\R PAMPHLETS EXPRESS+ SOME D>+ !OLOGICAL VIEWS & = :I* HE WAS ACCUS$1 BY SOME OR?ODOX M9I/]S ( ! ,*UR*1 ( D5Y+ ,GOD1 ! ,SCRIPTURES & ! ,ORD9ANCES ( ,GOD4 ,!SE PAMPHLETS W]E PROBABLY WRITT5 BE=E HE CAME 9 CONTACT ) ,WILLIAM ,EV]>D & ! 0TRUE ,LEVEL]S10 = !Y DO NOT REVEAL AN 9T]E/ 9 SOCIAL QUE/IONS1 BUT ,W9/ANLEY HAD ALREADY HAD CAUSE TO REFLECT ON ! 9JU/ICES ( SOCIETY4 ,HE HAD BE5 A SMALL TRAD] & A FREEMAN ( ! ,CITY ( ,LONDON BUT1 LIKE SO MANY O!RS1 HE HAD BE5 RU9$ BY ! ,CIVIL ,W>4 ,AS HE SAID LAT]1 9 A LETT] ADDRESS$ TO ! ,CITY ( ,LONDON1 0 ,I HAD AN E/ATE 9 !E444 BY ?Y *EAT+ SONS 9 ! ?IEV+ >T ( BUY+ & SELL+1 & BY ! BURD5S ( & = ! SOLDI]Y 9 ! BEG9N+ ( ! W>1 ,I WAS BEAT5 \T ( BO? E/ATE & TRADE1 & =C$ TO ACCEPT ! GOOD-WILL ( FRI5DS1 CR$IT+ ( ME1 TO LIVE A C\NTRY LIFE40 

,9 ,JANU>Y1 #a#f#d#i1 HE PUBLI%$ ,! ,NEW ,LAW ( ,RI<TE\SNESS1 :I* HAS BE5 DESCRIB$ BY ,H4 ,N4 ,BRAILS=D 0AS ! MO/ *>ACT]I/IC ( HIS BOOKS444 :I* IS 9 REALITY A ,COMMUNI/ ,MANIFE/O WRITT5 9 ! DIALECT ( ITS DAY0 & 9 :I*1 AS ,GEORGE ,WOODCOCK HAS PO9T$ \T1 0HE REVEAL$ AN UND]/&+ ( SOCIAL PROBLEMS 9 ADVANCE ( ANY ,5GLI% SOCIAL ?9K] BE=E ,GODW940 ,HE FI]CELY D5\NC$ ! PRIVATE [N]%IP ( ! L&3 

,& LET ALL M5 SAY :AT !Y WILL1 SO LONG AS SU* >E RUL]S AS CALL ! L& !IRS1 UPHOLD+ ?IS P>TICUL> PROPRIETY ( M9E & ?9E1 ! COMMON PEOPLE %ALL NEV] HAVE !IR LIB]TY1 NOR ! L& BE EV] FRE$ FROM TR\BLES1 OPPRESSIONS1 & COMPLA9+S1 BY REASON :]E( ! ,CREATOR ( ALL ?+S IS CONT9UALLY PROVOK$444 

,! MAN ( ! FLE% JUDGES IT A RI<TE\S ?+ ?AT SOME M5 :O >E CLOA!D ) ! OBJECTS ( ! E>?1 & SO CALL$ RI* M51 :E!R IT BE GOT BY RI<T OR WRONG1 %\LD BE MAGI/RATES TO RULE OV] ! POOR2 & ?AT ! POOR %\LD BE S]VANTS1 NAY1 RA!R SLAVES1 TO ! RI*4 ,BUT ! SPIRITUAL MAN1 :I* IS ,*RI/1 DO? JUDGE ACCORD+ TO ! LI<T ( EQUITY & REASON1 ?AT ALL MANK9D \<T TO HAVE A QUIET SUBSI/5CE & FRE$OM TO LIVE UPON E>?2 & ?AT !RE %\LD BE NO BONDMAN NOR BEGG> 9 ALL HIS HOLY M\NTA94 

,& HE ADVOCAT$ ! 5D ( ! EXPLOITATION ( MAN BY MAN3 

,NO MAN %ALL HAVE ANY MORE L& ?AN HE CAN LABOR HIMSELF OR HAVE O!RS TO LABOR ) HIM 9 LOVE1 WORK+ TOGE!R1 & EAT+ BREAD TOGE!R1 AS ONE ( ! TRIBES OR FAMILIES ( ,ISRAEL NEI!R GIV+ NOR TAK+ HIRE4 

,?\< HIS DOCTR9ES W]E REVOLUTION>Y ,W9/ANLEY DID NOT 9CITE PEOPLE TO VIOL5CE OR TO ! EXPROPRIATION ( ! RI*4 ,HE WANT$ ! POOR TO SEIZE ! WA/E L&S & CULTIVATE !M 9 COMMON3 0,& LET ! COMMON PEOPLE ?AT SAY ! E>? IS \RS1 NOT M9E1 LET !M LABOR TOGE!R1 & EAT BREAD TOGE!R UPON ! COMMONS1 M\NTA9S & HILLS40 

,DUR+ ! TWO YE>S :I* FOLL[$1 ! ,DIGG]S ( ,/ ,GEORGE'S ,HILL W]E P]SECUT$ BY ! ,LORDS1 ! SOLDI]Y & ! FREEHOLD]S4 ,!Y W]E BEAT5 UP1 !IR SPADES W]E TAK5 AWAY1 !IR H\SES PULL$ D[N1 !IR CORN WAS DE/ROY$ & !IR C>TS TORN TO PIECES4 ,SOME ( !M W]E >RE/$ & PROSECUT$ &1 AS !Y C\LD NOT PAY ! HEAVY F9E IMPOS$ UPON !M1 !IR MEAG] POSSESSIONS W]E TAK5 AWAY4 ,AFT] ONE YE> ONLY A FEW ,DIGG]S W]E LEFT1 :O1 SAYS ,W9/ANLEY1 0HAVE MADE LITTLE HUT*ES TO LIE 91 LIKE CALF-CRIBS444 & HAVE PLANT$ DIV]SE ACRES ( :EAT & RYE444 & NO?+ %ALL MAKE !M SLACK BUT WANT ( FOOD1 :I* IS NOT MU* N[1 !Y BE+ ALL POOR PEOPLE1 & HAV+ SUFF]$ SO MU* 9 ONE EXP5SE OR O!R S9CE !Y BEGAN40 

,9 SPITE ( !IR C\RAGE & P]SEV]ANCE ! ,DIGG]S W]E DEFEAT$4 ,W9/ANLEY HAD DONE ALL 9 HIS P[] TO DEF5D !M2 9 SEV]AL =CEFUL PAMPHLETS HE HAD %[N ! JU/ICE ( !IR CLAIMS & !IR PEACEFUL 9T5TIONS & HAD APPEAL$ TO ! ,>MY1 TO ,P>LIAM5T1 & TO ! ,CITY ( ,LONDON1 ?AT ! P]SECUTIONS %\LD CEASE4 

,IT WAS AFT] ! ADV5TURE ( ,/ ,GEORGE'S ,HILL HAD FAIL$ TO GA9 ANY SUPPORT & TO SPREAD1 AS ! PIONE]S HAD HOP$1 9TO A MASS MOVEM5T1 ?AT ,W9/ANLEY PUBLI%$ 9 #a#f#e#b1 ,! ,LAW ( ,FRE$OM1 :]E HE SET =? ! PLAN = AN IDEAL COMMONWEAL?4 ,IT WAS WRITT5 LESS ?AN F\R YE>S AFT] ! PUBLICATION ( HIS FIR/ PAMPHLET & DUR+ ?IS %ORT TIME HIS RELIGI\S & POLITICAL IDEAS HAD UND]GONE A SWIFT DEVELOPM5T2 !Y HAD PASS$ FROM A RELIGI\S MY/ICISM TO A K9D ( RATIONAL A!ISM1 FROM AGR>IAN RE=MISM TO 9TEGRAL COLLECTIVISM4 ,W9/ANLEY WAS ALSO BEG9N+ TO LOSE FAI? 9 ! ME?ODS BY :I* HE & HIS COMPANIONS HAD HOP$ TO BR+ AB\T A BETT] SOCIETY4 ,! ,DIGG]S HAD BELIEV$ ?AT1 BY EXPLA9+ !IR AIMS & BY !IR EXAMPLE1 !Y C\LD P]SUADE ! PEOPLE TO WORK ! WA/E L&S COMMUNALLY & ?AT EV5TUALLY EV5 ! L&LORDS W\LD BE PREP>$ TO GIVE UP !IR L&S4 ,!IR RESI/ANCE WAS ONE ( NONVIOL5CE & !Y NEV] EMPLOY$ =CE TO DEF5D !MSELVES AGA9/ ! SOLDI]S & ! RI* T5ANT F>M]S :O ATTACK$ !M4 

,! FAILURE ( ! EXP]IM5T AT ,/ ,GEORGE'S ,HILL SEEMS TO HAVE L$ ,W9/ANLEY TO ! BELIEF ?AT AS LONG AS ! >MY WAS AGA9/ ! PEOPLE IT W\LD BE IMPOSSIBLE = !M TO SEIZE & WORK ! L& AS FREE M54 ,IT WAS P]HAPS = ?IS REASON ?AT ! ,LAW ( ,FRE$OM OP5S ) AN EPI/LE ADDRESS$ TO ,CROMWELL1 :O WAS AT ! TIME ,COMM&] 9 ,*IEF ( ! ,>MY1 & :O1 MORE ?AN ANYBODY ELSE1 W\LD HAVE HAD ! P[] TO C>RY \T F>-REA*+ RE=MS4 ,FROM ! CONT5TS & TONE ( ! LETT]1 H[EV]1 IT IS CLE> ?AT ,W9/ANLEY HAD LITTLE HOPE ?AT ,CROMWELL W\LD C>RY \T ! PROGRAM SET =? 9 HIS BOOK & ?AT HE M]ELY TOLD HIM :AT HE %\LD DO TO BE 9 A BETT] POSITION TO CRITICIZE :AT HE W\LD DO4 ,HE W\LD NOT HAVE ADDRESS$ ,CROMWELL 9 ?IS WAY IF HE HAD SE5 9 HIM A FUTURE LIB]ATOR & LAW-GIV]3 

,?AT :I* IS YET WAIT+ ON Y\R P>T TO BE DONE IS ?IS1 TO SEE ! OPPRESSOR'S P[] TO BE CA/ \T ) HIS P]SON2 & TO SEE ?AT ! FREE POSSESSION ( ! L& & LIB]TIES BE PUT 9TO ! H&S ( ! OPPRESS$ COMMON]S ( ,5GL&444 

,& N[ Y\ HAVE ! P[] ( ! L& 9 Y\R H&1 Y\ MU/ DO ONE ( !SE TWO ?+S4 ,FIR/1 EI!R SET ! L& FREE TO ! OPPRESS$ COMMON]S1 :O ASSI/$ Y\1 & PAID ! ,>MY !IR WAGES2 & !N Y\ WILL FULFILL ! ,SCRIPTURES & Y\R [N 5GAGEM5TS1 & SO TAKE POSSESSION ( Y\R DES]V$ HONOR4 

,OR SECONDLY1 Y\ MU/ ONLY REMOVE ! ,CONQU]OR'S P[] \T ( ! ,K+'S H& 9TO O!R M5'S1 MA9TA9+ ! OLD LAWS /ILL2 & !N Y\R WISDOM & HONOR IS BLA/$ = EV]2 & Y\ WILL EI!R LOSE Y\RSELF1 OR LAY ! F\NDATION ( GREAT] SLAV]Y TO PO/]ITY ?AN Y\ EV] KNEW4 

,W9/ANLEY WAS TOO ACUTE A SOCIAL ?9K] TO ?9K ?AT SOCIETY C\LD BE TRANS=M$ ?R\< ! WORK ( ONE MAN1 & HE REALIZ$ ?AT A REVOLUTION FROM ! TOP W\LD BE USELESS IF MAN'S M5TAL & MORAL \TLOOK REMA9$ ! SAME4 ,BUT HE WAS FIRMLY CONV9C$ ?AT :5 ,*RI/ OR ! 0SPREAD+ ( LI<T0 W\LD P5ETRATE PEOPLE'S M9DS !Y W\LD CEASE TO COVET & OPPRESS & A NEW SOCIETY W\LD COME 9TO BE+4 0,HE LOV$10 SAYS ,BRAILS=D1 0TO QUOTE ! BIBLICAL PROPHECIES :I* ASSURE ?IS TRIUMPH TO '! DESPIS$ ONES ( ! E>?' & BID ! RI* M5 'WEEP & H[L4' ,HE PR$ICTS ?AT ?IS REVOLUTION WILL BE ACCOMPLI%$ ']E MANY YE>S :EEL AB\T'444 ,! REVOLUTION HE DESIR$ WAS TO COME ?R\< A *ANGE WR\<T BY '! SPIRIT ( ,REASON' 9 M5'S HE>TS40 

,= ALL HIS BIBLICAL QUOTATIONS & BIBLICAL LANGUAGE ,W9/ANLEY REJECT$ ALL ! F\NDATIONS ( OR?ODOX RELIGION4 ,HE DID NOT BELIEVE 9 A P]SONAL ,GOD1 & W5T AS F> AS ID5TIFY+ ,GOD ) ,REASON & ONCE TOOK ! RESOLUTION1 7:I* HE DID NOT KEEP7 0TO USE ! WORD ,REASON 9/EAD ( ! WORD ,GOD0 9 HIS WRIT+S4 ,HE ANTICIPAT$ ! CONCEPTION ( A 0SOCIALI/ ,*RI/0 BY DECL>+ ?AT HE WAS 0! TRUE & FAI?FUL ,LEVEL]0 BUT HE DID NOT IMPLY BY IT ?AT HE WAS AN HI/ORICAL FIGURE BUT 0! SPREAD+ P[] ( LI<T40 ,HE CONDEMN$ ! BELIEF 9 MIRACLES1 9 HEAV5 & HELL1 & EV5 D\BT$ MAN'S P]SONAL SURVIVAL AFT] DEA?4 ,W9/ANLEY ALSO REJECT$ ! DOCTR9E ( ORIG9AL S94 ,MAN IS BORN GOOD & FREE3 0,! SPIRIT ( LI<T 9 MAN LOVES FRE$OM & HATES BONDAGE0 & HIS NATURE HAS BE5 W>P$ BY A SY/EM ( SOCIETY BAS$ ON CORRUPTION & MIS]Y4 

,?OMAS ,MORE1 & MO/ ,UTOPIAN WRIT]S AFT] HIM1 HAD ABOLI%$ PRIVATE PROP]TY BECAUSE !Y FE>$ ITS CORRUPT+ 9FLU5CE & SAW 9 IT ! GREATE/ DANG] TO ! UNITY ( ! /ATE4 ,W9/ANLEY ALSO ABOLI%ES ! PRIVATE [N]%IP ( ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION1 BUT ON ! GR\NDS ?AT 0TRUE ,FRE$OM0 CANNOT EXI/ AS LONG AS M5 DO NOT HAVE ECONOMIC FRE$OM &1 AS HE CONSID]S ! L& AS ! MA9 S\RCE ( WEAL?1 HE DECL>ES3 0,TRUE COMMONWEAL?'S FRE$OM LIES 9 ! FREE 5JOYM5T ( ! E>?10 & AGA91 0,A MAN HAD BETT] TO HAVE NO BODY ?AN TO HAVE NO FOOD = IT4 ,!RE=E ?IS RE/RA9+ ( ! E>? FROM BRE?R5 BY BRE?R5 IS OPPRESSION & BONDAGE2 BUT ! FREE 5JOYM5T !RE( IS TRUE FRE$OM40 ,FROM ! FRE$OM TO 5JOY ! FRUITS ( ! E>? D]IVES ALSO ! FRE$OM ( ! M9D1 =1 SAYS ,W9/ANLEY1 0,I AM ASSUR$ ?AT IF IT BE RI<TLY SE>*$ 9TO1 ! 9W>D BONDAGES ( ! M9D1 AS COVET\SNESS1 PRIDE1 HYPOCRISY1 5VY1 SORR[1 FE>S1 DESP]ATION & MADNESS1 >E ALL OCCASION$ BY ! \TW>D BONDAGE ?AT ONE SORT ( PEOPLE LAY UPON ANO!R40 

,BE=E DEF9+ ! GOV]NM5T ( A TRUE ,COMMONWEAL? ,W9/ANLEY D5\NCES ! K+LY GOV]NM5T BAS$ ON PROP]TY & LIKE ,PR\DHON HE BELIEVES ?AT 0PROP]TY IS !FT03 

,K+LY GOV]NM5T GOV]NS ! E>? BY ?AT *EAT+ >T ( BUY+ & SELL+1 & !REBY BECOMES A MAN ( CONT5TION HIS H& IS AGA9/ EV]Y MAN1 & EV]Y MAN'S H& AGA9/ HIM4 ,& TAKE ?IS GOV]NM5T AT ! BE/1 IT IS A DISEAS$ GOV]NM5T & ! V]Y ,CITY ,BABYLON1 FULL ( CONFUSION1 & IF IT HAD NOT A CLUB LAW TO SUPPORT IT !RE W\LD BE NO ORD] 9 IT1 BECAUSE IT IS ! COVET\S & PR\D WILL ( A CONQU]OR1 5SLAV+ ! CONQU]$ PEOPLE4 

,?IS K+LY GOV]NM5T IS HE :O BEATS PRUN+ HOOKS & PL[S 9TO SPE>S1 GUNS1 SWORDS1 & 9/RUM5TS ( W>2 ?AT HE MI<T TAKE HIS Y\NG] BRO!R'S CREATIONAL BIR?-RI<T FROM HIM1 CALL+ ! E>? HIS1 & NOT HIS BRO!R'S1 UNLESS HIS BRO!R WILL HIRE ! E>? ( HIM2 SO ?AT HE MAY LIVE IDLE & AT EASE BY HIS BRO!R'S LABORS4 

,9DE$ ?IS GOV]NM5T MAY WELL BE CALL$ ! GOV]NM5T ( HI<WAYM51 :O HA? /OL5 ! E>? FROM ! Y\NG] BRE?R5 BY =CE1 & HOLDS IT FROM !M BY IORCE4 ,HE %$S BLOOD NOT TO FREE ! PEOPLE FROM OPPRESSION1 BUT ?AT HE MAY BE K+ & RUL] OV] AN OPPRESS$ PEOPLE4444 

,COMMONWEAL?'S GOV]NM5T GOV]NS ! E>? )\T BUY+ & SELL+ & !REBY BECOMES A MAN ( PEACE1 & ! RE/OR] ( ANCI5T PEACE & FRE$OM4 ,HE MAKES PROVISION = ! OPPRESS$1 ! WEAK & ! SIMPLE1 AS WELL AS = ! RI*1 ! WISE & ! /RONG4 ,HE BEATS SWORDS & SPE>S 9TO PRUN+ HOOKS & PL[S4 ,HE MAKES BO? ELD] & Y\NG] BRO!R FREE-M5 9 ! E>?4 ,MICAH1 IV1 #c1 #d1 ,ISAIAH1 XXXIII1 ,I & ,IXV1 #a#g-#b#e4 

,ALL SLAV]IES & OPPRESSIONS :I* HAVE BE5 BR\<T UPON MANK9D BY K+S1 LORDS ( MANORS1 LAWY]S1 & L&LORDS1 & ! DIV9+ CL]GY1 >E ALL CA/ \T AGA9 BY ?IS GOV]NM5T1 IF IT BE RI<T 9 P[] AS WELL AS 9 NAME4 

,= ?IS GOV]NM5T IS ! TRUE RE/OR] ( ALL LONG LO/ FRE$OMS1 & SO BECOMES ! ,JOY ( ALL NATIONS1 & ! BLESS+ ( ! :OLE E>?3 = ?IS TAKES (F ! K+LY CURSE1 & MAKES ,J]USALEM A PRAISE 9 ! E>?4 ,!RE=E ALL Y\ :O PR(ESS RELIGION & SPIRITUAL ?+S1 N[ LOOK TO IT & SEE :AT SPIRIT Y\ DO PR(ESS1 = Y\R PR(ESSION IS BR\<T TO TRIAL4 

,IF ONCE ,COMMONWEAL?'S GOV]NM5T BE SET UPON ! ?RONE !N NO TYRANNY OR OPPRESSION CAN LOOK HIM 9 ! FACE & LIVE4 

,= :5 OPPRESSION LIES UPON BRE?R5 BY BRE?R51 ?AT IS NO ,COMMONWEAL?'S GOV]NM5T1 BUT ! K+LY GOV]NM5T /ILL2 & ! MY/]Y ( 9IQUITY HA? TAK5 ?AT PEACE-MAK]'S NAME TO BE A CLOAK TO HIDE HIS COVET\SNESS1 PRIDE1 & OPPRESSION UND]4 

,A ,COMMONWEAL? GOV]NM5T CANNOT BE ! WORK ( SOME LAWGIV] OR SAVIOR3 0,?IS GOV]NM5T DEP5DS NOT UPON ! WILL ( ANY P>TICUL> MAN1 OR M5444 ! GREAT LAWGIV] 9 ! ,COMMONWEAL? GOV]NM5T IS ! SPIRIT ( UNIV]SAL RI<TE\SNESS DWELL+ 9 MANK9D1 N[ RIS+ UP TO TEA* EV]YONE TO DO TO ANO!R AS HE W\LD HAVE ANO!R DO TO HIM1 & IS NO RESPECT] ( P]SONS1 & ?IS SPIRIT HA? BE5 KILL$ BY ! PH>ISAICAL SPIRIT ( SELF-LOVE1 & BE5 BURI$ 9 ! DUN<ILL ( !IR 5MITY = MANY YE>S PA/40 

,! LAWS ( ! TRUE COMMONWEAL? SPR+ FROM 0COMMON PRES]VATION10 OR :AT ,KROPOTK9 W\LD CALL 0MUTUAL AID10 :I* IS 0A PR9CIPLE 9 EV]Y ONE TO SEEK ! GOOD ( O!RS AS HIMSELF03 

,?IS IS ! ROOT ( ! TREE MAGI/RACY1 & ! LAW ( RI<TE\SNESS & PEACE2 & ALL P>TICUL> LAWS F\ND \T BY EXP]I5CE1 NECESS>Y TO BE PRACTIC$ = COMMON PRES]VATION1 >E ! B\<S & BRAN*ES ( ?AT TREE4 ,& BECAUSE1 AMONG ! V>IETY ( MANK9D1 IGNORANCE MAY GR[ UP1 !RE=E ?IS ORIG9AL LAW IS WRITT5 9 ! HE>T ( EV]Y MAN1 TO BE HIS GUIDE OR LEAD]4 ,SO ?AT IF AN (FIC] BE BL9D$ BY COVET\SNESS & PRIDE1 & ?AT IGNORANCE RULE 9 HIM YET AN 9F]IOR MAN MAY TELL HIM :]E HE GOES A/RAY2 = COMMON PRES]VATION & PEACE IS ! F\NDATION RULE ( ALL GOV]NM5T4 

,! TASK ( ! MAGI/RATES ( ! TRUE ,COMMONWEAL? IS 0TO MA9TA9 ! COMMON LAW1 :I* IS ! ROOT ( RI<T GOV]NM5T1 & PRES]VATION & PEACE TO EV]YONE2 & TO CA/ \T ALL SELF-5D$ PR9CIPLES & 9T]E/S1 :I* IS TYRANNY & OPPRESSION1 & :I* BREAKS COMMON PEACE40 

,9 ,! ,NEW ,LAW ( ,RI<TE\SNESS ,W9/ANLEY HAD ADVOCAT$ A SOCIETY :]E !RE W\LD BE NO NE$ = LAWY]S OR MAGI/RATES1 BUT 9 HIS IMAG9>Y COMMONWEAL? ! ADM9I/RATION IS TO BE C>RI$ \T BY ELECT$ (FIC]S4 ,HIS BELIEF ?AT 0EV]YONE ?AT GETS AN AU?ORITY 9TO HIS H&S TYRANNIZES OV] O!RS0 DID NOT ALTOGE!R AB&ON HIM1 H[EV]1 & HE TOOK GREAT PRECAUTIONS TO 5SURE ?AT ?IS W\LD NOT HAPP54 ,ALL (FIC]S ( ! COMMONWEAL? MU/ 5JOY ! CONFID5CE ( ! PEOPLE & BE FREELY ELECT$4 ,! FIR/ L9K 9 ! MAGI/RACY IS TO BE ! FA!R :O WILL RULE OV] HIS FAMILY1 & ,W9/ANLEY >GUES 7NOT V]Y CONV9C+LY7 ?AT HE HAS BE5 ELECT$ BY HIS *ILDR5 0BECAUSE ! NECESSITY ( ! Y\NG *ILDR5 *OSE HIM BY A JO9T CONS5T1 & NOT O!RWISE40 ,! O!R L9KS 9 ! *A9 >E TO BE ! (FIC]S ELECT$ BY ! P>I%1 C\NTY1 %IRE OR L&4 

,W9/ANLEY1 BE+ CONV9C$ ?AT 0P[] CORRUPTS10 P>TICUL>LY IF 5JOY$ = LONG1 ADVOCATES ?AT NEW (FIC]S %\LD BE ELECT$ EV]Y YE>3 

,:5 PUBLIC (FIC]S REMA9 LONG 9 PLACE ( JUDICATURE !Y WILL DEG5]ATE FROM ! B\NDS ( HUMILITY1 HONE/Y & T5D] C>E ( BRE?R51 9 REG>D ! HE>T ( MAN IS SO SUBJECT TO BE OV]SPREAD ) ! CL\DS ( COVET\SNESS1 PRIDE1 VA9 GLORY4 ,= ?\< AT FIR/ 5TRANCE 9TO PLACES ( RULE !Y BE ( PUBLIC SPIRIT1 SEEK+ ! FRE$OM ( O!RS AS !IR [N2 YET CONT9U+ LONG 9 SU* A PLACE1 :]E HONORS & GREATNESS IS COM+ 91 !Y BECOME SELFI%1 SEEK+ !MSELVES & NOT COMMON FRE$OM2 AS EXP]I5CE PROVES IT TRUE 9 !SE DAYS1 ACCORD+ TO ?IS COMMON PROV]B1 ,GREAT (FICES 9 A L& & >MY HAVE *ANG$ ! DISPOSITION ( RMANY SWEET-SPIRIT$ M54 

,& NATURE TELLS US ?AT IF WAT] /&S LONG IT CORRUPTS2 :]EAS RUNN+ WAT] KEEPS SWEET & IS FIT = COMMON USE4 

,!RE=E AS ! NECESSITY ( COMMON PRES]VATION MOVES ! PEOPLE TO FRAME A LAW1 & TO *OOSE (FIC]S TO SEE ! LAW OBEY$1 ?AT !Y MAY LIVE 9 PEACE3 SO DO? ! SAME NECESSITY BID ! PEOPLE1 & CRIES AL\D 9 ! E>S & EYES ( ,5GL&1 TO *OOSE NEW (FIC]S & TO REMOVE OLD ONES1 & TO *OOSE /ATE (FIC]S EV]Y YE>2 & ?AT = !SE REASONS4 

,FIR/1 TO PREV5T !IR [N EVILS4 ,= :5 PRIDE & FULLNESS TAKE HOLD ( AN (FIC]1 HIS EYES >E SO BL9D$ !RE) ?AT HE =GETS HE IS A S]VANT TO ! ,COMMONWEAL?1 & /RIVES TO LIFT UP HIMSELF HI< ABOVE HIS BRE?R52 & (T5TIMES HIS FALL PROVES V]Y GREAT3 WITNESS ! FALL ( OPPRESS+ K+S1 BI%OPS & O!R /ATE (FIC]S4 

,SECONDLY1 TO PREV5T ! CREEP+ 9 ( OPPRESSION 9TO ! ,COMMONWEAL? AGA94 ,= :5 (FIC]S GR[ PR\D & FULL !Y WILL MA9TA9 !IR GREATNESS1 ?\< IT BE 9 ! POV]TY1 MIRE & H>D%IP ( !IR BRE?R53 WITNESS ! PRACTICE ( K+S & !IR LAWS1 ?AT HAVE CRU%$ ! COMMON]S ( ,5GL& A LONG TIME4 

,& HAVE WE NOT EXP]I5CE 9 !SE DAYS1 ?AT SOME (FIC]S ( ! ,COMMONWEAL? >E GR[N SO MOSSY = WANT ( REMOV+1 ?AT !Y WILL H>DLY SPEAK TO AN OLD ACQUA9TANCE1 IF HE BE AN 9F]IOR MAN1 ?\< !Y W]E V]Y FAMILI> BE=E !SE W>S BEGAN1 ETC48 

,& :AT HA? OCCASION$ ?IS DI/ANCE AMONG FRI5DS & BRE?R5 BUT LONG CONT9UANCE 9 PLACES ( HONOR1 GREATNESS & RI*ES8 

,?IRDLY1 LET (FIC]S BE *OS5 NEW EV]Y YE> 9 LOVE TO \R PO/]ITY4 ,= IF BURD5S & OPPRESSIONS %\LD GR[ UP 9 \R LAWS & 9 \R (FIC]S = WANT ( REMOV+1 AS MOSS & WE$S GR[ 9 SOME L& = WANT ( /IRR+1 SURELY IT WILL BE A F\NDATION ( MIS]Y1 NOT EASILY TO BE REMOV$ BY \R PO/]ITY2 & !N WILL !Y CURSE ! TIME ?AT EV] WE !IR =EFA!RS HAD OPPORTUNITIES TO SET ?+S TO RI<TS = !IR EASE1 & W\LD NOT DO IT4 

,F\R?LY1 TO REMOVE (FIC]S ( /ATE EV]Y YE> WILL MAKE !M TRULY FAI?FUL1 KN[+ ?AT O!RS >E COM+ AFT] :O WILL LOOK 9TO !IR WAYS4 ,& IF !Y DO NOT DO ?+S JU/LY !Y MU/ BE A%AM$ :5 ! NEXT (FIC]S SUCCE$4 ,& :5 (FIC]S DEAL FAI?FULLY 9 ! GOV]NM5T ( ! ,COMMONWEAL? !Y WILL NOT BE UNWILL+ TO REMOVE4 ,! PEACE ( ,LONDON IS MU* PRES]V$ BY REMOV+ !IR (FIC]S YE>LY4 

,FIF?LY1 IT IS GOOD TO REMOVE (FIC]S EV]Y YE>1 ?AT :]EAS MANY HAVE !IR PORTIONS TO OBEY1 SO MANY MAY HAVE !IR TURNS TO RULE2 & ?IS WILL 5C\RAGE ALL M5 TO ADVANCE RI<TE\SNESS & GOOD MANN]S 9 HOPES ( HONOR4 ,BUT :5 MONEY & RI*ES BE>S ALL ! SWAY 9 ! RUL]S' HE>TS !RE IS NO?+ BUT TYRANNY 9 SU* WAYS4 

,SIX?LY1 ! ,COMMONWEAL? H]EBY WILL BE FURNI%$ ) ABLE & EXP]I5C$ M51 FIT TO GOV]N1 :I* WILL MI<TILY ADVANCE ! HONOR & PEACE ( \R L&1 OCCASION ! MORE WAT*FUL C>E 9 ! $UCATION ( *ILDR51 & 9 TIME WILL MAKE \R ,COMMONWEAL? ( ,5GL& ! LILY AMONG ! NATIONS ( ! E>?4 

,HE !N DET]M9ES ) GREAT C>E 0,:O >E FIT TO *OOSE & FIT TO BE *OS5 (FIC]S 9 A ,COMMONWEAL?03 

,ALL UNCIVIL LIV]S1 AS DRUNK>DS1 QU>REL]S1 FE>FUL IGNORANT M51 :O D>E NOT SPEAK TRU? LE/ !Y ANG] O!R M52 LIKEWISE ALL :O >E :OLLY GIV5 TO PLEASURE & SPORT1 OR M5 :O >E FULL ( TALK2 ALL !SE >E EMPTY ( SUB/ANCE & CANNOT BE EXP]I5C$ M51 !RE=E NOT FIT TO BE *OS5 (FIC]S 9 A COMMONWEAL?2 YET !Y MAY HAVE A VOICE 9 ! *OOS+4 

,SECONDLY1 ALL ?OSE :O >E 9T]E/$ 9 ! MON>*ICAL P[] & GOV]NM5T \<T NEI!R TO *OOSE NOR BE *OS5 (FIC]S TO MANAGE ,COMMONWEAL?'S AFFAIRS2 = !SE CANNOT BE FRI5DS TO COMMON FRE$OM4 ,& !SE >E ( TWO SORTS3 

,FIR/1 SU* AS HAVE EI!R L5T MONEY TO MA9TA9 ! K+'S >MY1 OR 9 ?AT >MY HAVE BE5 SOLDI]S TO FI<T AGA9/ ! RECOV]+ ( COMMON FRE$OM4 ,!SE >E NEI!R TO *OOSE NOR TO BE *OS5 (FIC]S 9 ! ,CORNMONWEAL? AS YET1 = !Y HAVE LO/ !IR FRE$OM4 ,YET ,I DO NOT SAY !Y %\LD BE MADE S]VANTS AS ! CONQU]$ USUALLY >E MADE S]VANTS1 = !Y >E \R BRE?R52 & :AT !Y DID1 NO D\BT !Y DID 9 CONSCIONABLE ZEAL1 ?\< 9 IGNORANCE4 

,& SEE+ ?AT BUT FEW ( ! ,P>LIAM5T'S FRI5DS UND]/& !IR COMMON FRE$OMS1 ?\< !Y [N ! NAME ,COMMONWEAL?1 !RE=E ! ,P>LIAM5T'S P>TY \<T TO BE> ) ! IGNORANCE ( ! ,K+'S P>TY1 BECAUSE !Y >E BRE?R51 & NOT MAKE !M S]VANTS2 ?\< = ! PRES5T !Y BE SUFF]$ NEI!R TO *OOSE NOR TO BE *OS5 (FIC]S1 LE/ ?AT IGNORANT SPIRIT ( REV5GE BREAK \T 9 !M TO 9T]RUPT \R COMMON PEACE4 

,SECONDLY1 ALL ?OSE :O HAVE BE5 SO HA/Y TO BUY & SELL ! ,COMMONWEAL?'S L&1 SO TO 5TANGLE IT UPON A NEW ACC\NT1 \<T NEI!R TO *OOSE NOR TO BE *OS5 (FIC]S4 ,= H]EBY !Y DECL>E !MSELVES EI!R TO BE = K+LY 9T]E/S OR ELSE >E IGNORANT ( ,COMMONWEAL?'S FRE$OM1 OR BO?2 !RE=E UNFIT TO MAKE LAWS TO GOV]N A FREE ,COMMONWEAL?1 OR TO BE OV]SE]S TO SEE ?OSE LAWS EXECUT$4 

,:Y TRULY1 *OOSE SU* AS HAVE A LONG TIME GIV5 TE/IMONY BY !IR ACTIONS TO BE PROMOT]S ( COMMON FRE$OM1 :E!R !Y BE MEMB]S 9 *UR* FELL[%IP OR NOT 9 *UR* FELL[%IP1 = ALL >E ONE 9 ,*RI/4 

,*OOSE SU* AS >E M5 ( PEACEABLE SPIRITS & ( A PEACEABLE CONV]SATION4 

,*OOSE SU* AS HAVE SUFF]$ UND] K+LY OPPRESSION1 = !Y WILL BE FELL[-FEEL]S ( O!R BONDAGES4 

,*OOSE SU* AS HAVE ADV5TUR$ ! LOSS ( !IR E/ATES & LIVES TO R$EEM ! L& FROM BONDAGE1 & :O HAVE REMA9$ CON/ANT4 

,*OOSE SU* AS >E UND]/&+ M51 & :O >E EXP]I5C$ 9 ! LAWS ( PEACEABLE & RI<T ORD]$ GOV]NM5T4 

,*OOSE M5 ( C\RAGE1 :O >E NOT AFRAID TO SPEAK ! TRU? = ?IS IS ! %AME ( MANY 9 ,5GL& AT ?IS DAY2 !Y >E DR[N$ 9 ! DUN<ILL MUD ( SLAVI% FE> ( M52 !SE >E COVETE\S M51 NOT FE>+ ,GOD1 & !IR PORTION IS TO BE CA/ )\T ! CITY ( PEACE AMONG ! DOGS4 

,*OOSE (FIC]S \T ( ! NUMB] ( ?OSE M5 ?AT >E ABOVE =TY YE>S ( AGE1 = !Y >E MO/ LIKELY TO BE EXP]I5C$ M5 & ALL !SE >E LIKELY TO BE M5 ( C\RAGE1 DEAL+ TRULY & HAT+ COVET\SNESS4 

,& IF Y\ *OOSE M5 ?US PR9CIPL$1 :O >E POOR M5 AS TIMES GO1 = ! ,CONQU]OR'S P[] HA? MADE MANY A RI<TE\S MAN A POOR MAN1 !N ALL[ !M A YE>LY MA9T5ANCE FROM ! COMMON /OCK1 UNTIL SU* TIME AS A ,COMMONWEAL?'S FRE$OM IS E/ABLI%$1 = !N !RE WILL BE NO NE$ ( SU* ALL[ANCES4 

,AS 9 ,MORE'S ,UTOPIA1 ) :I* ,W9/ANLEY SEEMS TO HAVE BE5 ACQUA9T$1 ! UNIT ( SOCIETY IS ! FAMILY & ! FA!R NOT ONLY DIRECTS ! $UCATION ( ! *ILDR5 BUT ALSO SUP]VISES !IR WORK3 

,A FA!R IS TO *]I% HIS *ILDR5 TILL !Y GR[ WISE & /RONG2 & !N AS A MA/] HE IS TO 9/RUCT !M 9 READ+1 9 LE>N+ LANGUAGES1 >TS & SCI5CES1 OR TO BR+ !M UP TO LABOR OR EMPLOY !M 9 SOME TRADE OR O!R1 OR CAUSE !M TO BE 9/RUCT$ !RE91 ACCORD+ AS IS %[N H]EAFT] 9 ! $UCATION ( MANK9D4 

,A FA!R IS TO HAVE A C>E ?AT AS ALL HIS *ILDR5 DO ASSI/ TO PLANT ! E>?1 OR BY O!R TRADES PROVIDE NECESS>IES1 SO HE %ALL SEE ?AT EV]Y ONE HAVE A COM=TABLE LIVELIHOOD1 NOT RESPECT+ ONE BE=E ANO!R4 

,HE IS TO COMM& !M !IR WORK1 & SEE !Y DO IT1 & NOT SUFF] !M TO LIVE IDLE4 ,HE IS EI!R TO REPROVE !M BY WORDS1 OR :IP ?OSE :O (F5DS = ! ROD IS PREP>$ TO BR+ ! UNREASONABLE ONES TO EXP]I5CE & MOD]ATION3 ?AT SO *ILDR5 MAY NOT QU>REL LIKE BEA/S1 BUT LIVE 9 PEACE LIKE RATIONAL M51 EXP]I5C$ 9 YIELD+ OB$I5CE TO ! LAWS & (FIC]S ( ! ,COMMONWEAL?1 EV]YONE DO+ TO ANO!R AS HE W\LD HAVE ANO!R DO TO HIM4 

,9 ! T[N1 CITY OR P>I% !RE >E TO BE FIVE K9DS ( (FIC]S3 ! PEACE-MAK]S1 ! OV]SE]S1 ! SOLDI]S 7:I* WE W\LD CALL POLICEM571 ! TASKMA/]S1 & ! EXECUTION]4 ,?IS IS H[ ,W9/ANLEY DETAILS ! TASKS ( EA* ( !M3 

,! ,WORK ( A ,PEACE-MAK] 

,9 A P>I% OR T[N MAY BE *OS5 ?REE1 F\R OR SIX PEACE-MAK]S1 OR MORE1 ACCORD+ TO ! BIGNESS ( ! PLACE2 & !IR WORK IS TW(OLD4 

,FIR/1 9 G5]AL TO SIT 9 C\NCIL TO ORD] ! AFFAIRS ( ! P>I%1 TO PREV5T TR\BLES1 & TO PRES]VE COMMON PEACE1 & H]E !Y MAY BE CALL$ C\NCILORS4 

,SECONDLY1 IF !RE >ISE ANY MATT]S ( (F5SE BETWE5 MAN & MAN1 BY REASON ( ANY QU>REL1 DI/URBANCE1 OR FOOLI% ACT+S ! (F5D+ P>TIES %ALL BE BR\<T BY ! SOLDI]S BE=E ANY ONE OR MORE ( !SE PEACE-MAK]S1 :O %ALL HE> ! MATT] & %ALL 5DEAVOR TO RECONCILE ! P>TIES & MAKE PEACE1 & SO PUT A /OP TO ! RIGOR ( ! LAW1 & GO NO FUR!R4 

,BUT IF ! PEACE-MAK] CANNOT P]SUADE OR RECONCILE ! P>TIES1 !N HE %ALL COMM& !M TO APPE> AT ! JUDGE'S C\RT AT ! TIME APPO9T$ TO RECEIVE ! JUDGM5T ( ! LAW4 

,IF ANY MATT]S ( PUBLIC CONC]NM5T FALL \T :]E9 ! PEACE ( ! CITY1 T[N OR C\NTRY 9 ONE C\NTY IS CONC]N$ !N ! PEACE-MAK]S 9 EV]Y T[N !REAB\TS %ALL MEET1 & CONSULT AB\T IT2 & FROM !M1 OR FROM ANY SIX ( !M1 IF NE$ REQUIRE1 %ALL ISSUE =? ANY ORD] TO 9F]IOR (FIC]S4 

,BUT IF ! MATT]S CONC]N ONLY ! LIMITS ( A T[N OR CITY1 !N ! PEACE-MAK]S ( ?AT T[N %ALL FROM !IR C\RT S5D =? ORD]S TO 9F]IOR (FIC]S = ! P]=M+ ( ANY PUBLIC S]VICE )9 !IR LIMITS4 

,?IRDLY1 IF ANY PRO( BE GIV5 ?AT ANY (FIC] NEGLECTS HIS DUTY1 A PEACE-MAK] IS TO TELL ?AT (FIC] BETWE5 !M TWO ( HIS NEGLECT4 ,& IF ! (FIC] CONT9UE NEGLIG5T AFT] ?IS REPRO(1 ! PEACE-MAK] %ALL ACQUA9T EI!R ! C\NTY S5ATE OR ! NATIONAL ,P>LIAM5T !RE)1 ?AT FROM !M ! (F5D] MAY RECEIVE CONDIGN PUNI%M5T4 

,& IT IS ALL TO ?IS 5D1 ?AT ! LAWS BE OBEY$2 = A C>EFUL EXECUTION ( LAWS IS ! LIFE ( GOV]NM5T4 

,! ,WORK ( AN ,OV]SE] 

,9 ! P>I% OR T[N !RE IS TO BE A F\R-FOLD DEGREE ( OV] SE]S1 :I* >E TO BE *OS5 YE>LY4 

,! FIR/ IS AN OV]SE] TO PRES]VE PEACE1 9 CASE ( ANY QU>RELS ?AT MAY FALL \T BETWE5 MAN & MAN4 ,= ?\< ! E>? ) H] FRUITS BE A COMMON TREASURY1 & IS TO BE PLANT$ & REAP$ BY COMMON ASSI/ANCE ( EV]Y FAMILY1 YET EV]Y H\SE & ALL ! FURNITURE = ORNAM5T !RE9 IS A PROP]TY TO ! 9DWELL]S2 & :5 ANY FAMILY HA? FET*$ 9 FROM ! /ORE-H\SE OR %OPS EI!R CLO!S1 FOOD1 OR ANY ORNAM5T NECESS>Y = !IR USE1 IT IS ALL A PROP]TY TO ?AT FAMILY4 

,! SECOND (FICE ( OV]SE]%IP IS = TRADES4 ,?IS OV]SE] IS TO SEE ?AT Y\NG PEOPLE BE PUT TO MA/]S1 TO BE 9/RUCT$ 9 SOME LABOR1 TRADE1 S]VICE1 OR TO BE WAIT]S 9 /OREH\SES1 ?AT NONE MAY BE IDLY BR\<T UP 9 ANY FAMILY )9 HIS CIRCUIT444 ,TRULY ! GOV]NM5T ( ! ,HALLS & ,COMPANIES 9 ,LONDON IS A V]Y RATIONAL & WELL-ORD]$ GOV]NM5T2 & ! OV]SE]S = TRADES MAY WELL BE CALL$ MA/]S1 W>D5S1 & ASSI/ANTS ( SU* & SU* A COMPANY1 = SU* & SU* A P>TICUL> TRADE 4 ,LIKEWISE ?IS OV]SE] = TRADES %ALL SEE ?AT NO MAN %ALL BE A H\SEKEEP] & HAVE S]VANTS UND] HIM TILL HE HA? S]V$ UND] A MA/] SEV5 YE>S1 & HA? LE>N$ HIS TRADE2 & ! REASON IS1 ?AT EV]Y FAMILY MAY BE GOV]N$ BY /AID & EXP]I5C$ MA/]S1 & NOT BY WANTON Y\?4 ,& ?IS (FICE ( OV]SE] KEEPS ALL PEOPLE )9 A PEACEFUL H>MONY ( TRADES1 SCI5CES OR WORKS1 ?AT !RE BE NEI!R BEGG> NOR IDLE P]SON 9 ! ,COMMONWEAL?4 

,! ?IRD (FICE ( OV]SE]%IP IS TO SEE P>TICUL> TRADESM5 BR+ 9 !IR WORK TO ! /OREH\SES & %OPS1 & TO SEE ?AT ! WAIT]S 9 ! /OREH\SES DO !IR DUTY444 ,& IF ANY KEEP] ( A %OP OR /OREH\SE NEGLECTS ! DUTY ( HIS PLACE ! OV]SE] %ALL ADMONI% HIM & REPROVE HIM4 ,IF HE AM5D1 ALL IS WELL2 IF HE DO? NOT1 ! ,OV]SE] %ALL GIVE ORD]S TO ! SOLDI]S TO C>RY HIM BE=E ! PEACE-MAK]'S C\RT1 & IF HE RE=M UPON ! REPRO( ( ?AT C\RT1 ALL IS WELL4 ,BUT IF HE DO? NOT RE=M1 HE %ALL BE S5T BY ! (FIC]S TO APPE> BE=E ! JUDGE'S C\RT1 & ! JUDGE %ALL PASS S5T5CE3 ,?AT HE %ALL BE PUT \T ( ?AT H\SE & EMPLOYM5T1 & S5T AMONG ! HUSB&M5 TO WORK 9 ! E>?3 & SOME O!R %ALL HAVE HIS PLACE & H\SE TILL HE BE RE=M$4 

,F\R?LY1 ALL ANCI5T M51 ABOVE SIXTY YE>S ( AGE1 >E G5]AL OV]SE]S4 ,& :]ESOEV] !Y GO & SEE ?+S AMISS 9 ANY (FIC] & TRADESM51 !Y %ALL CALL ANY (FIC] OR O!RS TO ACC\NT = !IR NEGLECT ( DUTY TO ! ,COMMONWEAL?'S PEACE2 & !Y >E CALL$ ELD]S4 

,! ,(FICE ( A ,SOLDI] 

,A SOLDI] IS A MAGI/RATE AS WELL AS ANY (FIC]1 & 9DE$ ALL /ATE (FIC]S >E SOLDI]S1 = !Y REPRES5T P[]1 & IF !RE W]E NOT P[] 9 ! H& ( (FIC]S ! SPIRIT ( RUD5ESS W\LD NOT BE OB$I5T TO ANY LAW OR GOV]NM5T1 BUT TO !IR [N WILLS4 

,!RE=E EV]Y YE> %ALL BE *OS5 A SOLDI]1 LIKE UNTO A M>%AL ( A CITY1 & BE+ ! *IEF HE %ALL HAVE DIV]SE SOLDI]S UND] HIM AT HIS COMM&1 TO ASSI/ 9 CASE ( NE$4 

,! WORK ( A SOLDI] 9 TIMES ( PEACE IS TO FET* 9 (F5D]S & TO BR+ !M BE=E EI!R (FIC] OR C\RTS1 & TO BE A PROTECTION TO ! (FIC] AGA9/ ALL DI/URBANCES4 

,! ,WORK ( A ,TASK-MA/] 7,PRISON W>D]7 

,! WORK OR (FICE ( A TASKMA/] IS TO TAKE ?OSE 9TO HIS OV]SI<T AS >E S5T5C$ BY ! JUDGE TO LOSE !IR FRE$OM1 & APPO9T !M !IR WORK & SEE !Y DO IT4 

,IF !Y DO !IR TASKS HE IS TO ALL[ !M SUFFICI5T VICTUALS & ELO?+ TO PRES]VE ! HEAL? ( !IR BODIES4 ,BUT IF !Y PROVE DESP]ATE1 WANTON OR IDLE1 & WILL NOT QUIETLY SUBMIT TO ! LAW1 ! TASKMA/] IS TO FE$ !M ) %ORT DIET1 & TO :IP !M ,= A ROD IS PREP>$ = ! FOOL'S BACK1 TILL SU* TIME AS !IR PR\D HE>TS DO B5D TO ! LAW4 

,& :5 HE F9DS !M SUBJECT HE %ALL !N C>RY A FAVORABLE H& T[>DS !M1 AS TO (F5D+ BRE?R51 & ALL[ !M SUFFICI5T DIET & CLO!S 9 HOPES ( !IR AM5DM5T2 BUT )AL SEE !Y DO !IR WORK1 TILL BY ! S5T5CE ( ! LAW1 HE BE SET FREE AGA94 

,! TASKMA/] %ALL APPO9T !M ANY K9D ( WORK OR LABOR AS HE PLEASES ?AT IS TO BE DONE BY MAN4 

,& IF ANY ( !SE (F5D]S RUN AWAY !RE %ALL BE HUE & CRY S5T AFT] HIM1 & HE %ALL DIE BY ! S5T5CE ( ! JUDGE :5 TAK5 AGA94 

,! ,WORK ( AN ,EXECUTION] 

,IF ANY HAVE SO HI<LY BROKE ! LAWS1 AS !Y COME )9 ! COMPASS ( :IPP+1 IMPRISON+ & DEA?1 ! EXECUTION] %ALL CUT (F ! HEAD1 HANG OR %OOT TO DEA?1 OR :IP ! (F5D] ACCORD+ TO ! S5T5CE ( ! LAW4 ,?US Y\ MAY SEE :AT ! WORK ( EV]Y (FIC] 9 A T[N OR CITY IS4 

,! ,WORK ( A ,JUDGE 

,! LAW ITSELF IS ! JUDGE ( ALL M5'S ACTIONS1 YET HE :O IS *OS5 TO PRON\NCE ! LAW IS CALL$ JUDGE1 BECAUSE HE IS ! M\? ( ! LAW2 = NO S+LE MAN \<T TO JUDGE OR 9T]PRET ! LAW4 

,BECAUSE ! LAW ITSELF1 AS IT IS LEFT 9 ! LETT]1 IS ! M9D & DET]M9ATION ( ! ,P>LIAM5T & ( ! PEOPLE ( ! L&1 TO BE !IR RULE TO WALK BY & TO BE ! T\*/ONE ( ALL ACTIONS4 

,& ?AT MAN :O TAKES UPON HIM TO 9T]PRET ! LAW DO? EI!R D>K5 ! S5SE ( ! LAW1 & SO MAKES IT CONFUS$ & H>D TO BE UND]/OOD1 OR ELSE PUTS ANO!R MEAN+ UPON IT2 & SO LIFTS UP HIMSELF ABOVE ! ,P>LIAM5T1 ABOVE ! LAW & ABOVE ALL PEOPLE 9 ! L&4 

,!RE=E ! WORK ( ?AT MAN :O IS CALL$ JUDGE IS TO HE> ANY MATT] ?AT IS BR\<T BE=E HIM2 & 9 ALL CASES ( DIFF]5CE BETWE5 MAN & MAN HE %ALL SEE ! P>TIES ON BO? SIDES BE=E HIM1 & %ALL HE> EA* MAN SPEAK = HIMSELF )\T A FE$ LAWY]4 ,LIKEWISE HE IS TO EXAM9E ANY WITNESS :O IS TO PROVE A MATT] 9 TRIAL BE=E HIM 

,& !N HE IS TO PRON\NCE ! B>E LETT] ( ! LAW CONC]N+ SU* A ?+1 = HE HA? HIS NAME JUDGE NOT BECAUSE HIS WILL & M9D IS TO JUDGE ! ACTIONS ( (F5D]S BE=E HIM1 BUT BECAUSE HE IS ! M\? TO PRON\NCE ! LAW1 :O 9DE$ IS ! TRUE JUDGE4 ,!RE=E TO ?IS LAW & TO ?IS TE/IMONY LET EV]YONE HAVE A REG>D :O 9T5DS TO LIVE 9 PEACE 9 ! ,COMMONWEAL?4 

,BUT FROM H5CE HA? >OSE MU* MIS]Y 9 ! NATIONS UND] K+LY GOV]NM5T1 9 ?AT ! MAN CALL$ ! JUDGE HA? BE5 SUFF]$ TO 9T]PRET ! LAW4 ,& :5 ! M9D ( ! LAW1 ! JUDGRN5T ( ! ,P>LIAM5T1 & ! GOV]NM5T ( ! L& IS RESOLV$ 9TO ! BREA/ ( ! JUDGES1 ?IS HA? OCCASION$ MU* COMPLA9+ ( 9JU/ICE1 ILL JUDGES1 9 C\RTS ( JU/ICE1 9 LAWY]S & 9 ! C\RSE ( ! LAW ITSELF1 AS IF IT W]E AN EVIL RULE4 

,BECAUSE ! LAW1 :I* WAS A C]TA9 RULE1 WAS V>I$ ACCORD+ TO ! WILL ( A COVET\S1 5VI\S OR PR\D JUDGE4 ,!RE=E NO M>VEL ?\< ! K+LY LAWS BE SO 9TRICATE1 & ?\< FEW KNEW :I* WAY ! C\RSE ( ! LAW GOES1 BECAUSE ! S5T5CE LIES MANY TIMES 9 ! BREA/ ( A JUDGE & NOT 9 ! LETT] ( ! LAW4 

,& SO ! GOOD LAWS MADE BY AN 9DU/RI\S ,P>LIAM5T >E LIKE GOOD EGGS LAID BY A SILLY GOOSE1 & AS SOON AS %E HA? LAID !M %E GOES H] WAY & LETS O!RS TAKE !M1 & NEV] LOOKS AFT] !M MORE2 SO ?AT IF Y\ LAV A /ONE 9 H] NE/ %E WILL SIT UPON IT AS ?\< IT W]E AN EGG4 

,& SO ?\< ! LAWS BE GOOD1 YET IF !Y BE LEFT TO ! WILL ( A JUDGE TO 9T]PRET1 ! EXECUTION HA? MANY TIMES PROV$ BAD 4444 

,& SURELY BO? ! JUDGES = ! LAW & ! M9I/]S = ,GOD'S WORD HAVE BE5 BO? UNFAI?FUL S]VANTS TO RNAN & TO ,GOD BY TAK+ UPON !M TO EXP\ND & 9T]PRET ?AT RULE :I* !Y >E B\ND TO YIELD OB$I5CE TO1 )\T ADD+ TO OR DIM9I%+ FROM4 

,= A :OLE C\NTY OR %IRE !RE IS TO BE A JUDGE'S C\RT1 OR C\NTY S5ATE1 :I* IS TO BE COMPOS$ ( A JUDGE1 ( ! PEACEMAK]S ( EV]Y T[N )9 ?AT CIRCUIT1 & ( ! OV]SE]S & SOLDI]S ATT5D+ !REUPON4 

,! ,JUDGE'S ,C\RT 

,?IS C\RT %ALL SIT F\R TIMES 9 ! YE>1 OR (T5] IF NE$ BE1 9 ! C\NTY1 & F\R TIMES 9 ! YE> 9 GREAT CITIES4 ,9 ! FIR/ QU>T] ( ! YE> !Y %ALL SIT 9 ! EA/ P>T ( ! C\NTY1 & ! SECOND QU>T] ( ! YE> 9 ! WE/1 9 ! ?IRD 9 ! S\?1 & 9 ! F\R? 9 ! NOR?4 

,& ?IS C\RT IS TO OV]SEE & EXAM9E ANY (FIC] )9 !IR C\NTY OR LIMITS2 = !IR WORK IS TO SEE ?AT EV]YONE BE FAI?FUL 9 HIS PLACE4 ,& IF ANY (FIC] HA? DONE WRONG TO ANY1 ?IS C\RT IS TO PASS S5T5CE ( PUNI%M5T UPON ! (F5D]1 ACCORD+ TO HIS (F5SE AGA9/ ! LAW4 

,IF ANY GRIEVANCE LIE UPON ANY MAN1 :]E9 9F]IOR (FIC]S CANNOT EASE HIM1 ?IS C\RT %ALL QUIETLY HE> HIS COMPLA9T1 & EASE HIM4 ,= :]E A LAW IS WANT+1 !Y MAY PREP>E A WAY ( EASE = ! (F5D] TILL ! ,P>LIAM5T SIT1 :O MAY EI!R E/ABLI% ?AT CONCLUSION = A LAW1 IF !Y APPROVE ( IT1 OR FRAME ANO!R LAW TO ?AT EFFECT2 = IT IS POSSIBLE ?AT MANY ?+S MAY FALL \T H]EAFT]1 :I* ! LAW-MAK]S = ! PRES5T MAY NOT =ESEE4 

,IF ANY DISORD] BREAK 9 AMONG ! PEOPLE1 ?IS C\RT %ALL SET ?+S TO RI<TS4 ,IF ANY BE B\ND OV] TO APPE> AT ?IS C\RT1 ! JUDGE %ALL HE> ! MATT]1 & PRON\NCE ! LETT] ( ! LAW1 ACCORD+ TO ! NATURE ( ! (F5SE4 

,SO ?AT ! ALONE WORK ( ! JUDGE IS TO PRON\NCE ! S5T5CE & M9D ( ! LAW4 ,& ALL ?IS IS BUT TO SEE ! LAWS EXECUT$1 ?AT ! PEACE ( ! ,COMMONWEAL? MAY BE PRES]V$4 

,= ! :OLE L& !RE WILL BE A ,P>LIAM5T1 A ,COMMONWEAL?'S M9I/RY1 A PO/-MA/] & AN >MY4 

,! ,WORK ( A ,COMMONWEAL?'S ,P>LIAM5T 

,A ,P>LIAM5T IS ! HI<E/ C\RT ( EQUITY 9 A L&1 & IT IS TO BE *OS5 EV]Y YE>4 ,& \T ( EV]Y CITY1 T[N1 & C]TA9 LIMITS ( A C\NTY ?R\< ! L&1 TWO1 ?REE1 OR MORE M5 >E TO BE *OS5 TO MAKE UP ?IS C\RT4 

,?IS C\RT IS TO OV]SEE ALL O!R C\RTS1 (FIC]S1 P]SONS & ACTIONS1 & TO HAVE A FULL P[]1 BE+ ! REPRES5TATIVE ( ! :OLE L&1 TO REMOVE ALL GRIEVANCES1 & TO EASE ! PEOPLE ?AT >E OPPRESS$4 

,FIR/1 AS A T5D] FA!R1 A ,P>LIAM5T IS TO EMP[] (FIC]S1 & GIVE \T ORD]S = ! FREE PLANT+ & REAP+ ( ! COMMONWEAL?'S L&1 ?AT ALL :O HAVE BE5 OPPRESS$ & KEPT FROM ! FREE USE !RE( BY CONQU]ORS1 K+S1 & !IR TYRANT LAWS1 MAY N[ BE SET AT LIB]TY TO PLANT 9 FRE$OM = FOOD & RAIM5T2 & >E TO BE A PROTECTION TO !M :O LABOR ! E>?1 & A PUNI%] ( !M :O >E IDLE4 

,! WORK ( A ,P>LIAM5T1 SECONDLY1 IS TO ABOLI% ALL OLD LAWS & CU/OMS1 :I* HAVE BE5 ! /R5G? ( ! OPPRESSOR1 & TO PREP>E & !N TO 5ACT NEW LAWS = ! EASE & FRE$OM ( ! PEOPLE1 BUT YET NOT )\T ! PEOPLE'S KN[L$GE4 ,= ! WORK ( A ,P>LIAM5T H]E9 IS ?REE-FOLD4 ,FIR/1 :5 ! OLD LAWS & CU/OMS ( ! K+S DO BURD5 ! PEOPLE1 & ! PEOPLE DESIRE ! REMOVE ( !M1 & ! E/ABLI%M5T ( MORE EASY LAWS4 

,IT IS N[ ! WORK ( A ,P>LIAM5T TO SE>* 9TO REASON & EQUITY1 H[ RELIEF MAY BE F\ND \T = ! PEOPLE 9 SU* A CASE1 & TO PRES]VE A COMMON PEACE4 ,& :5 !Y HAVE F\ND \T A WAY ( DEBATE ( C\NSEL AMONG !MSELVES1 :]EBY ! PEOPLE MAY BE RELIEV$1 !Y >E NOT PRES5TLY TO E/ABLI% !IR CONCLUSIONS = A LAW4 

,BUT 9 ! NEXT PLACE1 !Y >E TO MAKE A PUBLIC DECL>ATION !RE( TO ! PEOPLE ( ! L& :O *OSE !M1 = !IR APPROBATION2 & IF NO OBJECTION COME 9 FROM ! PEOPLE )9 ONE MON?1 !Y MAY !N TAKE ! PEOPLE'S SIL5CE AS CONS5T !REUNTO4 

,& !N 9 ! ?IRD PLACE1 !Y >E TO 5ACT IT = A LAW1 TO BE A B9D+ RULE ( ! :OLE L&4 ,= AS ! REMOVE ( ! OLD LAWS & CU/OMS >E BY ! PEOPLE'S CONS5T1 :I* IS PROV$ BY !IR FREQU5T PETITION+ & REQUE/S ( SU* A ?+1 SO ! 5ACT+ ( NEW LAWS MU/ BE BY ! PEOPLE'S CONS5T & KN[L$GE LIKEWISE4 

,& H]E !Y >E TO REQUIRE ! CONS5T1 NOT ( M5 9T]E/$ 9 ! OLD OPPRESS+ LAWS & CU/OMS1 AS K+S US$ TO DO1 BUT ( !M :O HAVE BE5 OPPRESS$4 ,& ! REASON IS ?IS3 BECAUSE ! PEOPLE MU/ BE ALL SUBJECT TO ! LAW1 UND] PA9 ( PUNI%M5T2 !RE=E IT IS ALL REASON !Y %\LD KN[ IT BE=E IT BE 5ACT$1 ?AT IF !RE BE ANY?+ ( ! C\NSEL ( OPPRESSION 9 IT1 IT MAY BE DISCOV]$ & AM5D$4 

,! WORK ( A ,P>LIAM5T1 F\R?LY1 IS ?IS3 IF !RE BE OCCASION TO RAISE AN >MY TO WAGE W>1 EI!R AGA9/ AN 9VASION ( A =EIGN 5EMY OR AGA9/ AN 9SURRECTION AT HOME1 IT IS ! WORK ( A ,P>LIAM5T TO MANAGE ?AT BUS9ESS = TO PRES]VE COMMON PEACE4 

,SO !N1 A ,P>LIAM5T IS ! HEAD ( P[] 9 A ,COMMONWEAL?1 & IT IS !IR WORK TO MANAGE PUBLIC AFFAIRS 9 TIMES ( W> & 9 TIMES ( PEACE2 NOT TO PROMOTE ! 9T]E/S ( P>TICUL> M51 BUT = ! PEACE & FRE$OM ( ! :OLE BODY ( ! L& VIZ41 ( EV]Y P>TICUL> MAN1 ?AT NONE BE DEPRIV$ ( HIS ,CREATION RI<TS UNLESS HE HA? LO/ HIS FRE$OM BY TRANSGRESSION1 AS BY ! LAWS IS EXPRESS$4 

,! >MY1 9 ,W9/ANLEY'S ,COMMONWEAL?1 IS NOT TO BE A P]MAN5T BODY ( HIR$ OR CONSCRIPT$ SOLDI]S4 ,IT IS LEVI$ ONLY 9 CASE ( EM]G5CY & IS COMPOS$ ( ! (FIC]S :O =M ! MAGI/RACY 9 TIMES ( PEACE &1 IF NECESS>Y1 ( ! :OLE PEOPLE 9 >MS3 

,A RUL+ >MY IS CALL$ MAGI/RACY 9 TIMES ( PEACE1 KEEP+ ?AT L& & GOV]NM5T 9 PEACE BY EXECUTION ( ! LAWS1 :I* ! FI<T+ >MY DID PUR*ASE 9 ! FIELD BY !IR BLOOD \T ( ! H&S ( OPPRESSION4 

,& H]E ALL (FIC]S1 FROM ! FA!R 9 A FAMILY1 TO ! ,P>LIAM5T 9 A L&1 >E BUT ! HEADS & LEAD]S ( AN >MY2 & ALL PEOPLE >IS+ TO PROTECT & ASSI/ !IR (FIC]S1 9 DEF5SE ( A RI<T ORD]$ GOV]NM5T1 >E BUT ! BODY ( AN >MY4 

,W9/ANLEY SAW ! NE$ TO /R5G!N ! SOCIAL BONDS BETWE5 ! V>I\S P>I%ES & C\NTIES :I* COMPOSE ! COMMONWEAL? & = ?IS PURPOSE HE IMAG9$ ?AT !RE %\LD BE PO/-MA/]S1 :OSE ROLE IS NOT DISSIMIL> FROM ?AT ( \R NEWSPAP] $ITORS1 ?\< !IR AIRNS SEEM MORE ALTRUI/IC3 

,9 EV]Y P>I% ?R\<\T ! ,COMMONWEAL? %ALL BE *OS5 TWO M5 7AT ! TIME :5 O!R (FIC]S >E *OS571 & !SE %ALL BE CALL$ PO/MA/]S4 ,& :]EAS !RE >E F\R P>TS ( ! L&1 EA/1 WE/1 NOR?1 S\?1 !RE %ALL BE *OS5 9 ! *IEF CITY TWO M5 TO RECEIVE 9 :AT ! PO/MA/] ( ! EA/ C\NTRY BR+S 91 & TWO M5 TO RECEIVE 9 :AT ! PO/MA/] ( ! WE/ BR+S 91 & TWO = ! NOR?1 & TWO = ! S\?4 

,N[ ! WORK ( ! C\NTRY PO/MA/] %ALL BE ?IS4 ,!Y %ALL EV]Y MON? BR+ UP OR S5D BY TID+S1 FROM !IR RESPECTIVE P>I%ES TO ! *IEF CITY1 ( :AT ACCID5TS OR PASSAGES FALL \T :I* IS EI!R TO BE ! HONOR OR ! DI%ONOR1 HURT OR PR(IT ( ! ,COMMONWEAL?4 ,& IF NO?+ HAVE FALL5 \T 9 ?AT MON? WOR? OBS]VATION1 !N !Y %ALL WRITE D[N PEACE OR GOOD ORD] 9 SU* A P>I%4 

,& :5 !SE RESPECTIVE PO/MA/]S HAVE BR\<T UP !IR BILLS OR C]TIFICATES FROM ALL P>TS ( ! L&1 ! RECEIV]S ( ?OSE BILLS %ALL WRITE D[N EV]Y?+ 9 ORD] FROM P>I% TO P>I% 9 ! NATURE ( A WEEKLY BILL ( OBS]VATION4 

,& ?OSE EI<T RECEIV]S %ALL CAUSE ! AFFAIRS ( ! F\R QU>T]S ( ! L& TO BE PR9T$ 9 ONE BOOK ) :AT SPE$ MAY BE1 & DELIV] TO EV]Y PO/MA/] A BOOK1 ?AT AS !Y BR+ UP ! AFFAIRS ( ONE P>I% 9 WRIT+1 !Y MAY C>RY D[N 9 PR9T ! AFFAIRS ( ! :OLE L&4 

,! B5EFIT LIES H]E1 ?AT IF ANY P>T ( ! L& BE VISIT$ ) PLAGUE1 FAM9E1 9VASION1 OR 9SURRECTION1 OR ANY CASUALTIES1 ! O!R P>TS ( ! L& MAY HAVE SPE$Y KN[L$GE & S5D RELIEF4 

,& IF ANY ACCID5T FALL \T ?R\< UNREASONABLE ACTION1 OR C>ELESS NEGLECT1 O!R P>TS ( ! L& MAY !REBY BE MADE WAT*FUL TO PREV5T LIKE DANG]4 

,OR IF ANY ?R\< 9DU/RY OR RIP5ESS ( UND]/&+ HAVE F\ND \T ANY SECRET 9 NATURE1 OR NEW 9V5TION 9 ANY >T OR TRADE OR 9 ! TILLAGE ( ! E>?1 OR SU* LIKE1 :]EBY ! ,COMMONWEAL? MAY MORE FL\RI% 9 PEACE & PL5TY1 = :I* VIRTUES ?OSE P]SONS RECEIV$ HONOR 9 ! PLACES :]E !Y DWELT2 :5 O!R P>TS ( ! L& HE>S ( IT1 MANY !REBY WILL BE 5C\RAG$ TO EMPLOY !IR REASON & 9DU/RY TO DO ! LIKE2 ?AT SO 9 TIME !RE WILL NOT BE ANY SECRET 9 NATURE1 :I* N[ LIES HID 7BY REASON ( ! IRON AGE ( K+LY OPPRESS+ GOV]NM5T7 BUT BY SOME OR O!R WILL BE BR\<T TO LI<T1 TO ! BEAUTY ( \R ,COMMONWEAL?4 

,W9/ANLEY !N GOES ON TO DESCRIBE ! TASKS ( ! ,M9I/]S ( ! ,COMMONWEAL? :O >E TO BE LAYM51 ELECT$ EV]Y YE> BY ! MEMB]S ( ! P>I%4 EA* ,SUNDAY :5 ! P>I% HOLDS ITS MEET+ ! M9I/] READS AL\D ! LAWS ( ! ,COMMONWEAL? & ! REPORT CONTA9$ 9 ! ,PO/MA/]'S GAZETTE & ?IS IS FOLL[$ BY SPEE*ES & DISCUSSIONS ON HI/ORICAL & SCI5TIFIC SUBJECTS4 ,?US WE SEE ?AT !RE IS NO ROOM = RELIGION 9 ,W9/ANLEY'S IDEAL ,COMMONWEAL? & ?AT IT HAS BE5 REPLAC$ BY ! /UDY ( NATURE & HI/ORY4 ,HIS VIEWS ON EXP]IM5TAL SCI5CES ON ! IMPORTANCE ( DISCOV]IES & ON $UCATION >E ALL ! MORE 9T]E/+ S9CE !Y DO NOT COME FROM A PHILOSOPH] OR A SCI5TI/1 BUT FROZN A MAN :O HAD ONLY RECEIV$ A GRAMM>-S*OOL $UCATION4 

,IF !RE W]E GOOD LAWS1 & ! PEOPLE BE IGNORANT ( !M1 IT W\LD BE AS BAD = ! ,COMMONWEAL? AS IF !RE W]E NO LAWS AT ALL4 

,!RE=E ACCORD+ TO ONE ( ! LAWS ( ,ISRAEL'S ,COMMONWEAL? MADE BY ,MOSES1 :O WAS ! RUL] ( ! PEOPLE AT ?AT TIME1 IT IS V]Y RATIONAL & GOOD ?AT ONE DAY 9 SEV5 BE /ILL SET AP>T1 = ?REE REASONS4 

,FIR/1 ?AT ! PEOPLE 9 SU* A P>I% MAY G5]ALLY MEET TOGE!R TO SEE ONE ANO!R'S FACES1 & BEGET OR PRES]VE FELL[%IP 9 FRI5DLY LOVE4 

,SECONDLY1 TO BE A DAY ( RE/ OR CESSATION FROM LABOR2 SO ?AT !Y MAY HAVE SO,9E BODILY RE/ = !MSELVES & CATTLE 

,?IRDLY1 ?AT HE :O IS *OS5 M9I/] 7= ?AT YE>7 9 ?AT P>I% MAY READ TO ! PEOPLE ?REE ?+S4 

,FIR/1 ! AFFAIRS ( ! :OLE L&1 AS IT IS BR\<T 9 BY ! PO/MA/]1 AS IT IS RELAT$ 9 HIS (RLCE H]EAFT] FOLL[+4 

,SECONDLY1 TO READ ! LAW ( ! ,COMMONWEAL?2 NOT ONLY TO /R5G!N ! MEMORY ( ! ANCI5TS1 BUT ?AT ! Y\NG PEOPLE ALSO1 :O >E NOT GR[N UP TO RIP5ESS ( EXP]I5CE1 MAY BE 9/RUCT$1 TO KN[ :5 !Y DO WELL & :5 !Y DO ILL4 ,= ! LAWS ( A L& HA? ! P[] ( FRE$OM & BONDAGE1 LIFE & DEA? 9 ITS H&1 !RE=E ! NECESS>Y KN[L$GE 7IS7 TO BE KN[N1 & HE IS ! BE/ PROPHET ?AT ACQUA9TS MAN !RE)2 ?AT AS M5 GR[ UP 9 YE>S !Y MAY HE ABLE TO DEF5D ! LAWS & GOV]NM5T ( ! L&4 ,BUT !SE LAWS %ALL NOT BE EXP\ND$ BY ! READ]1 = TO EXP\ND A PLA9 LAW1 AS IF A MAN C\LD PUT A BETT] MEAN+ ?AN ! LETT] ITSELF1 PRODUCES TWO EVILS4 

,FIR/1 ! PURE LAW & ! M9DS ( PEOPLE WILL BE !REBY CONF\ND$1 = MULTITUDE ( WORDS D>K5 KN[L$GE4 

,SECONDLY1 ! READ] WILL BE PUFF$ UP 9 PRIDE TO CONDEMN ! LAW-MAK]S & 9 TIME ?AT WILL PROVE ! FA!R & NURSE ( TYRANNY1 AS AT ?IS DAY IS MANIFE/$ BY \R M9I/RY4 

,& ?IRDLY1 BECAUSE ! M9DS ( PEOPLE G5]ALLY LOVE DISC\RSES2 !RE=E1 ?AT ! WITS ( M5 BO? Y\NG & OLD MAY BE EX]CIS$ !RE MAY BE SPEE*ES MADE 9 ?REE-FOLD NATURE4 

,FIR/1 TO DECL>E ! ACTS & PASSAGES ( =M] AGES & GOV]NM5TS1 SETT+ =? ! B5EFITS ( FRE$OM BY WELL-ORD]$ GOV]NM5TS1 AS 9 ,ISRAEL'S ,COMMONWEAL?2 & ! TR\BLES & BONDAGE :I* HA? ALWAYS ATT5D$ OPPRESSION & OPPRESSORS1 AS ! /ATE ( ,PH>AOH & O!R TYRANT K+S :O SAID ! E>? & PEOPLE W]E !IRS & ONLY AT !IR DISPOSE4 

,SECONDLY1 SPEE*ES MAY BE MADE ( ALL >TS & SCI5CES1 SOME ONE DAY1 SOME ANO!R1 AS 9 PHYSICS1 SURG]Y1 A/ROLOGY1 A/RONOMY1 NAVIGATION1 HUSB&RY1 & SU* LIKE4 ,& 9 !SE SPEE*ES MAY BE UNFOLD$ ! NATURE ( ALL H]BS & PLANTS FROM ! HYSSOP TO ! C$>1 AS ,SOLOMON WRIT (4 

,LIKEWISE M5 MAY COME TO SEE 9TO ! NATURE ( ! FIX$ & W&]+ />S1 ?OSE GREAT P[]S ( ,GOD 9 ! HEAV5S ABOVE & H]EBY M5 WILL COME TO KN[ ! SECRETS ( NATURE & ,CREATION1 )9 :I* ALL TRUE KN[L$GE IS WRAPP$ UP1 & ! LI<T 9 MAN MU/ >ISE TO SE>* IT \T4 

,?IRDLY1 SPEE*ES MAY BE MADE SOMETIMES ( ! NATURE ( MANK9D ( HIS D>KNESS & ( HIS LI<T1 ( HIS WEAKNESS & ( HIS /R5G?1 ( HIS LOVE & ( HIS 5VY1 ( HIS SORR[S & ( HIS JOYS1 ( HIS 9W>D & \TW>D BONDAGES1 & ( HIS 9W>D & \TW>D FRE$OMS1 ETC4 ,& ?IS IS ?AT :I* ! M9I/RY ( *UR*ES G5]ALLY AIM .<AT.>1 BUT ONLY ?AT !Y CONF\ND !IR KN[L$GE BY IMAG9>Y /UDY1 :5 ANYONE TAKES UPON HIM TO SPEAK )\T EXP]I5CE4 

,& BECAUSE O!R NATIONS >E ( SEV]AL LANGUAGES1 !RE=E !SE SPEE*ES MAY BE MADE SOMETIMES 9 O!R LANGUAGES & SOMETIMES 9 \R MO!R TONGUE2 ?AT SO M5 ( \R ,5GLI% ,COMMONWEAL? MAY ATTA9 TO ALL KN[L$GES1 >TS & LANGUAGES4 & ?AT EV]Y ONE MAY BE 5C\RAG$ 9 HIS 9DU/RY1 & PUR*ASE ! C\NT5ANCE & LOVE ( !IR NEI<BORHOOD = !IR WISDOM & EXP]IM5TAL KN[L$GE 9 ! ?+S :I* >E4 

,W9/ANLEY ASS]T$ ?AT UND] 0K+LY0 GOV]NM5T $UCATION HAD REMA9$ ! PRIVILEGE ( A FEW3 0K+LY BONDAGE10 HE SAYS1 0IS ! CAUSE ( ! SPREAD+ IGNORANCE 9 ! E>?4 ,BUT :5 ,COMMONWEAL?'S FRE$OM IS E/ABLI%$1 & ,PH>ISAICAL OR K+LY SLAV]Y CA/ \T1 !N WILL KN[L$GE COV] ! E>? AS ! WAT]S COV] ! SEAS1 & NOT TILL !N40 ,9 HIS IDEAL COMMONWEAL? EV]Y *ILD WILL BE $UCAT$ BO? 9 0BOOK LE>N+0 & 9 A P>TICUL> TRADE1 & SPECIAL C>E WILL ALSO BE TAK5 TO TRA9 *ILDR5 9TO GOOD CITIZ5S3 

,MANK9D 9 ! DAYS ( HIS Y\? IS LIKE A Y\NG COLT1 WANTON & FOOLI%1 TILL HE BE BROKE BY $UCATION & CORRECTION & ! NEGLECT ( ?IS C>E OR ! WANT ( WISDOM 9 ! P]=MANCE ( IT1 HA? BE5 & IS1 ! CAUSE ( MU* DIVISION & TR\BLE 9 ! WORLD4 

,!RE=E ! LAW ( A ,COMMONWEAL? DOES REQUIRE ?AT NOT ONLY A FA!R BUT ?AT ALL OV]SE]S & (FIC]S %\LD MAKE IT !IR WORK TO $UCATE *ILDR5 9 GOOD MANN]S2 & TO SEE !M BR\<T UP 9 SOME TRADE OR O!R1 & TO SUFF] NO *ILDR5 9 ANY P>I% TO LIVE 9 IDL5ESS & Y\?FUL PLEASURE ALL !IR DAYS AS MANY HAVE BE52 BUT ?AT !Y BE BR\<T UP LIKE M5 & NOT LIKE BEA/S1 ?AT SO ! ,COMMONWEAL? MAY BE PLANT$ ) LABORI\S & WISE EXP]I5C$ M51 & NOT ) IDLE FOOLS4 

,MANK9D MAY BE CONSID]$ 9 A F\RFOLD DEGREE1 HIS *ILD HOOD1 Y\?1 MANHOOD & OLD AGE4 ,HIS *ILDHOOD & HIS Y\? MAY BE CONSID]$ FROM HIS BIR? TILL =TY YE>S ( AGE2 & )9 ?IS COMPASS ( TIME1 AFT] HE IS WEAN$ FROM HIS MO!R 7:O %ALL BE ! NURSE H]SELF IF !RE BE NO DEFECT 9 NATURE71 HIS P>5TS %ALL TEA* HIM A CIVIL & HUMBLE BEHAVIOR T[>D ALL M54 ,!N S5D HIM TO S*OOL1 TO LE>N & TO READ ! LAWS ( ! ,COMMONWEAL?1 TO RIP5 HIS WITS FROM HIS *ILDHOOD1 & SO TO PROCE$ 9 HIS LE>N+ TILL HE BE ACQUA9T$ ) ALL >TS & LANGUAGES4 ,& ! REASON IS ?REEFOLD4 

,FIR/1 BY BE+ ACQUA9T$ ) ! KN[L$GE ( ! AFFAIRS ( ! WORLD1 BY !IR TRADITIONAL KN[L$GE !Y MAY BE ! BETT] ABLE TO GOV]N !MSELVES LIKE RATIONAL M54 

,SECONDLY1 !Y MAY BECOME !REBY GOOD ,COMMONWEAL?'S M5 9 SUPPORT+ ! GOV]NM5T !RE(1 BY BE+ ACQUA9T$ ) ! NATURE ( GOV]NM5T4 

,?IRDLY1 IF ,5GL& HAVE OCCASION TO S5D AMBASSADORS TO ANY O!R L&1 WE MAY HAVE SU* AS >E ACQUA9T$ ) !IR LANGUAGE2 OR IF ANY AMBASSADOR COME FROM O!R L&S1 WE MAY HAVE SU* AS CAN UND]/& !IR SPEE*4 

,BUT ONE SORT ( *ILDR5 %ALL NOT BE TRA9$ UP ONLY TO BOOK LE>N+ & NO O!R EMPLOYM5T1 CALL$ S*OL>S1 AS !Y >E 9 ! GOV]NM5T ( MON>*Y2 = !N ?R\< IDL5ESS & EX]CIS$ WIT !RE9 !Y SP5D !IR TIME TO F9D \T POLICIES TO ADVANCE !MSELVES TO BE LORDS & MA/]S ABOVE !IR LABOR+ BRE?R52 AS ,SIMEON & ,LEVI DO1 :I* OCCASIONS ALL ! TR\BLE 9 ! WORLD4 

,!RE=E1 TO PREV5T ! DANG]\S EV5TS ( IDL5ESS 9 S*OL>S1 IT IS REASON1 & SAFE = COMMON PEACE1 ?AT AFT] *ILDR5 HAVE BE5 BR\<T UP AT S*OOLS1 TO RIP5 !IR WITS1 !Y %ALL !N BE SET TO SU* TRADES1 >TS & SCI5CES AS !IR BODIES & WITS >E CAPABLE (2 & !RE9 CONT9UE TILL !Y COME TO =TY YE>S ( AGE4 

,WE HAVE ALREADY SE5 ?AT ,W9/ANLEY ABOLI%$ PRIVATE [N]%IP ( ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION1 BUT UNLIKE ,MORE1 ,CAMPANELLA1 & ,&REAE1 HE RETA9$ PRIVATE [N]%IP ( 0CONSUM] GOODS40 

,IF ANY O!R MAN 5DEAVOR TO TAKE AWAY HIS H\SE1 FURNITURE1 FOOD1 WIFE1 OR *ILDR51 SAY+1 ,EV]Y?+ IS COMMON1 & SO ABUS+ ! LAW ( PEACE1 SU* A ONE IS A TRANSGRESSOR1 & %ALL SUFF] PUNI%M5T1 AS BY ! GOV]NM5T & LAWS FOLL[+ EXPRESS$4 

,= ?\< ! PUBLIC /OREH\SES BE A COMMON TREASURY1 YET EV]Y MAN'S P>TICUL> DWELL+ IS NOT COMMON1 BUT BY HIS CONS5T2 & ! ,COMMONWEAL?'S LAWS >E TO PRES]VE A MAN'S PEACE 9 HIS P]SON1 & 9 HIS PRIVATE DWELL+1 AGA9/ ! RUD5ESS & IGNORANCE ?AT MAY >ISE 9 MANK9D4 

,NEV]!LESS 9 HIS IDEAL COMMONWEAL? !RE IS NEI!R MONEY NOR WAGES & EA* GIVES ACCORD+ TO HIS ABILITY & RECEIVES ACCORD+ TO HIS NE$S4 ,AT ! 5D ( ,! ,LAW ( ,FRE$OM HE RETURNS TO ! ORGANIZATION ( A MONEYLESS SOCIETY & EXPLA9S H[ IT WILL WORK3 

,! E>? IS TO BE PLANT$ & ! FRUITS REAP$ & C>RI$ MTO B>NS & /OREH\SES BY ! ASSI/ANCE ( EV]Y FAMILY4 ,& IF ANY MAN OR FAMILY WANT CORN OR O!R PROVISION1 !Y MAY GO TO ! /OREH\SES & FET* )\T MONEY4 ,IF !Y WANT A HORSE TO RIDE1 GO 9TO ! FIELDS 9 SUMM]1 OR TO ! COMMON /ABLES 9 W9T]1 & RECEIVE ONE FROM ! KEEP]S1 & :5 Y\R J\RNEY IS P]=M$1 BR+ HIM :]E Y\ HAD HIM1 )\T MONEY4 ,IF ANY PLANT FOOD OR VICTUALS1 !Y MAY EI!R GO TO ! BUT*]S' %OPS1 & RECEIVE :AT !Y WANT )\T MONEY -- OR ELSE GO TO ! FLOCKS ( %EEP1 OR H]DS ( CATTLE1 & TAKE & KILL :AT MEAT IS NE$FUL = !IR FAMILIES1 )\T BUY+ & SELL+4 

,9 ! LA/ *APT] ( ,! ,LAW ( ,FRE$OM ,W9/ANLEY ANALYZES ! NATURE ( LAWS & ATTEMPTS TO %[ ! DIFF]5CE BETWE5 CU/OM>Y1 CONV5TIONAL & WRITT5 LAWS1 & ! UNWRITT5 LAWS :I* SPR+ FROM ! 09W>D LI<T ( REASON40 0,! ,K+'S OLD LAWS10 HE SAYS1 0CANNOT GOV]N 9 TIMES ( BONDAGE & 9 TIMES ( FRE$OM TOO10 &1 ) HIS *>ACT]I/IC CONCRET5ESS1 HE COMP>ES !M TO 0OLD SOLDI]S1 :O WILL *ANGE !IR NAME1 & TURN AB\T1 & AS !Y W]E40 ,! LAW ( ! TRUE COMMONWEAL? MU/ BE 0A COV5ANT ( PEACE TO :OLE MANK9D40 ,?IS LAW 0SETS ! E>? FREE TO ALL4 ,?IS UNITES BO? ,JEW & ,G5TILE 9TO ONE BRO!RHOOD1 & REJECTS NONE4 ,?IS MAKES ,*RI/'S G>M5T :OLE AGA91 & MAKES ! K+DOMS ( ! WORLD TO BECOME ,COMMONWEAL?S AGA94 ,IT IS ! 9W>D P[] ( RI<T UND]/&+1 :I* IS ! TRUE LAW ?AT TEA*ES PEOPLE 9 ACTION1 AS WELL AS 9 WORDS1 TO DO AS !Y W\LD BE DONE UNTO40 

,AS F> AS ! WRITT5 LAWS ( ! ,COMMONWEAL? >E CONC]N$ !Y MU/ BE 0FEW & %ORT & (T5 READ444 & EV]YONE1 KN[+ :5 !Y DID WELL & :5 ILL1 W\LD BE V]Y CAUTI\S ( !IR WORDS & ACTIONS3 & ?US W\LD ESCAPE ! LAWY]'S CRAFT40 ,IT IS RA!R SURPRIS+1 9 VIEW ( ?IS /ATEM5T1 TO F9D ?AT ,W9/ANLEY 5DS ! DESCRIPTION ( HIS IDEAL ,COMMONWEAL? ) A LI/ ( SIXTY-TWO LAWS1 MANY ( :I* SEEM LITTLE DIFF]5T FROM ! 0TRADITIONAL LAW ( K+S :I* KILLS TRUE FRE$OM40 ,!Y APPE>1 H[EV]1 TO HAVE BE5 PUT =W>D T5TATIVELY1 = ,W9/ANLEY PREFACES !M ) !SE WORDS3 0,:AT MAY BE ?OSE P>TICUL> LAWS1 OR SU* A ME?OD ( LAW1 :]EBY A ,COMMONWEAL? MAY BE GOV]N$40 ,IT IS DISAPPO9T+1 NEV]!LESS1 TO SEE ?AT ,W9/ANLEY1 LIKE SO MANY O!R ,UTOPIAN WRIT]S1 %[S SO LITTLE FAI?FULNESS TO HIS [N !ORETICAL VIEWS :5 HE COMES TO PUT !M 9TO PRACTICE4 ,HE1 :O 9 ! ,LAW ( ,RI<TE\SNESS HAD SAID3 0,IF ANY MAN CAN SAY1 HE CAN GIVE LIFE1 !N HE HA? ! P[] TO TAKE AWAY LIFE4 ,BUT IF ! P[] ( LIFE & DEA? BE ONLY 9 ! H& ( ! ,LORD1 !N SURELY HE IS A MURD]] ( ! ,CREATION ?AT TAKE? AWAY ! LIFE ( HIS FELL[ CREATURE1 MAN1 BY ANY LAW :ATSOEV]10 MAKES A FREE USE ( ! DEA? P5ALTY4 ,AS IF HE HAD HAD P[] TO GIVE LIFE10 HE ORD]S3 

,NO MAN %ALL ADM9I/] ! LAW = MONEY OR REW>D4 ,HE ?AT DO? %ALL DIE AS TRAITOR TO ! ,COMMONWEAL? = :5 MONEY MU/ BUY & SELL JU/ICE1 & BE> ALL ! SWAY1 !RE IS NO?+ BUT OPPRESSION TO BE EXPECT$4 ,HE :O PR(ESSES ! S]VICE ( A RI<TE\S ,GOD BY PREA*+ & PRAY]1 & MAKES A TRADE TO GET POSSESS %ALL BE PUT TO DEA? = A WIT* & A *EAT]4 

,HIS CONCEPTION ( JU/ICE IS :OLLY B>B>IAN3 

,HE :O /RIKES HIS NEI<BOR %ALL BE /RUCK HIMSELF BY ! EXECUTION] BL[ = BL[1 & %ALL LOSE EYE = EYE1 TOO? = TOO?1 LIMB = LIMB1 LIFE = LIFE2 & ! REASON IS1 ?AT M5 MAY BE T5D] TO ONE ANO!R'S BODIES1 DO+ AS !Y W\LD BE DONE BY4 

,AS 9 ,MORE'S ,UTOPIA SLAV]Y IS PRESCRIB$ AS ! PUNI%M5T = LESS] CRIMES3 

,HE :O BREAKS ANY LAWS %ALL BE ! FIR/ TIME REPROV$ 9 WORDS 9 PRIVATE OR 9 PUBLIC1 AS IS %[$ BE=E2 ! NEXT TIME :IPP$1 ! ?IRD TIME LOSE HIS FRE$OM1 EI!R = A TIME OR = EV]1 & NOT TO BE ANY (FIC]4 

,HE :O HA? LO/ HIS FRE$OM %ALL BE A COMMON S]VANT TO ANY FREEMAN :O COMES TO ! TASKMA/]S & REQUIRES ONE TO DO ANY WORK = HIM2 ALWAYS PROVID$ ?AT AFT] ONE FREEMAN HA? BY ! CONS5T ( ! TASK-MA/]S APPO9T$ HIM HIS WORK1 ANO!R FREEMAN %ALL NOT CALL HIM !NCE TILL ?AT WORK BE DONE4 

,IF ANY ( !SE (F5D]S REVILE ! LAWS BY WORDS !Y %ALL BE S\NDLY :IPP$ & F$ ON CO>SE DIET4 ,IF !Y RAISE WEAPONS AGA9/ ! LAWS !Y %ALL DIE AS TRAITORS4 

,:5 ANY SLAVES GIVE OP5 TE/IMONY ( !IR HUMILITY & DILIG5CE & !IR C>E TO OBS]VE ! LAWS ( ! ,COMMONWEAL?1 !Y >E !N CAPABLE TO BE RE/OR$ TO !IR FRE$OM :5 ! TIME ( S]VITUDE IS EXPIR$1 ACCORD+ TO ! JUDGE'S S5T5CES4 ,BUT IF !Y REMA9 OPPOSITE TO TLLE LAWS !Y %ALL CONT9UE SLAVES TILL ANO!R T]M ( TIME4 

,W9/ANLEY WAS A /AUN* DEF5D] ( ! FAMILY & HE HAD (T5 D5\NC$ ?OSE :O1 0?R\< UNREASONABLE BEA/LY IGNORANCE1 ?9K !RE MU/ BE A COMMUNITY ( ALL M5 & WOM5 = COPULATION1 & SO /RIVE TO LIVE A BE/IAL LIFE40 ,9 A FREE ,COMMONWEAL? 0EV]Y FAMILY %ALL LIVE AP>T1 AS N[ !Y DO4 ,EV]Y MAN %ALL 5JOY HIS [N WIFE1 & EV]Y WOMAN H] HUSB&1 AS N[ !Y DO40 ,! LAWS CONC]N+ M>RIAGE >E H[EV] EXTREMELY SIMPLE & ?\< RAPE IS1 9 SOME CASES PUNI%$ BY DEA?1 ADULT]Y IS NOT CONSID]$ A CRIME3 

,EV]Y MAN & WOMAN %ALL HAVE ! FREE LIB]TY TO M>RY WOM !Y LOVE1 IF !Y CAN OBTA9 ! LOVE & LIK+ ( ?AT P>TY :OM !Y W\LD M>RY4 ,& NEI!R BIR? NOR PORTION %ALL H9D] ! MAT*1 = WE >E ALL ( ONE BLOOD1 MANK9D4 ,& = PORTION1 ! COMMON /OREH\SES >E EV]Y MAN'S & MAID'S PORTION1 AS FREE TO ONE AS TO ANO!R4 

,IF ANY MAN LIE ) A MAID & BEGET A *ILD1 HE %ALL M>RY4 

,IF A MAN LIE ) A WOMAN =CIBLY1 & %E CRY \T & GIVE NO CONS5T2 IF ?IS BE PROV$ BY TWO WITNESSES1 OR 9 ! MAN'S CONFESSION1 HE %ALL BE PUT TO DEA?1 & ! WOMAN LET GO FREE4 ,IT IS ROBB]Y ( A WOMAN'S BODILY FRE$OM4 

,IF ANY MAN BY VIOL5CE 5DEAVOR TO TAKE AWAY ANO!R MAN'S WIFE1 ! FIR/ TIME ( SU* VIOL5T (F] HE %ALL BE REPROV$ BE=E ! CONGREGATION BY ! PEACE-MAK]2 ! SECOND TIME HE %ALL BE MADE A S]VANT UND] ! TASKMA/] = TWELVE MON?S2 & IF HE =CIBLY LIE ) ANO!R MAN'S WIFE1 & %E CRY \T1 AS 9 ! CASE :5 A MAID IS =C$1 ! MAN %ALL BE PUT TO DEA?4 

,:5 ANY MAN OR WOMAN >E CONS5T$ TO LIVE TOGE!R 9 M>RIAGE1 !Y %ALL ACQUA9T ALL ! OV]SE]S 9 !IR CIRCUIT !RE)1 & SOME O!R NEI<BORS4 ,& BE+ ALL MET TOGE!R1 ! MAN %ALL DECL>E BY HIS [N M\? BE=E !M ALL ?AT HE TAKES ?AT WOMAN TO BE HIS WIFE1 & ! WOMAN %ALL SAY ! SAME & DESIRE ! OV]SE]S TO BE WITNESSES4 

,IF1 9 ! DRAFT+ ( ! LAWS ( HIS IDEAL COMMONWEAL?1 ,W9/ANLEY REVEALS AN AU?ORIT>IAN SPIRIT COMMON TO MO/ ,UTOPIANS HE IS1 ON ! O!R H&1 COMPLETELY FREE FROM ?AT NATIONALISM :I* *>ACT]IZES SO MANY ( !M4 ,NOT ONLY DOES HIS ,COMMONWEAL? NOT 5GAGE 9 W>S ( AGGRESSION1 BUT HE ALSO SEEMS TO HAVE BELIEV$ ?AT ! O!R NATIONS ( ! WORLD W\LD SOON FOLL[ ITS EXAMPLE & ?AT ! :OLE ( HUMANITY W\LD LIVE 9 PEACE3 

,9 ?AT NATION :]E ?IS ,COMMONWEAL?'S GOV]NM5T %ALL BE FIR/ E/ABLI%$1 !RE %ALL BE ABUNDANCE ( PEACE & PL5TY & ALL NATIONS ( ! E>? %ALL COME FLOCK+ ?I!R TO SEE HIS BEAUTY1 & TO LE>N ! WAYS !RE(4 ,& ! LAW %ALL GO =? FROM ?AT ,ZION1 & ?AT WORD ( ! ,LORD FROM ?AT ,J]USALEM :I* %ALL GOV]N ! :OLE E>?4 ,MICAH1 IV4 #a1 #b4 

,!RE %ALL BE NO TYRANT K+S LORDS ( MANORS1 TI?+ PRIE/S1 OPPRESS+ LAWY]S1 EXACT+ L&LORDS1 NOR ANY SU* LIKE PRICK+ BRI] 9 ALL ?IS HOLY M\NTA9 ( ! ,LORD ,GOD \R ,RI<TE\SNESS & ,PEACE2 = ! RI<TE\S LAW %ALL BE ! RULE = EV]YONE & ! JUDGE ( ALL M5'S ACTIONS4 

,! :OLE E>? W\LD BECOME ONE IMM5SE FAMILY3 

,& ! RULE ( RI<T GOV]NM5T1 BE+ ?US OBS]V$1 MAY MAKE A :OLE L&1 NAY ! :OLE FABRIC ( ! E>?1 TO BECOME ONE FAMILY ( MANK9D & ONE WELL GOV]N$ ,COMMONWEAL?2 AS ,ISRAEL WAS CALL$ ONE H\SE ( ,ISRAEL1 ?\< IT CONSI/$ ( MANY TRIBES1 NATIONS & FAMILY4 

,! ,LAW ( ,FRE$OM M>KS ! 5D ( ,W9/ANLEY'S %ORT1 BUT 9T5SE1 LIT]>Y & POLITICAL ACTIVITY4 ,AT ! TIME ( ITS APPE>ANCE IT MU/ HAVE 5JOY$ A C]TA9 SUCCESS = IT SOON RAN 9TO A SECOND $ITION1 & LIKE MO/ ( HIS O!R WORKS WAS WIDELY PIRAT$4 ,BUT ) ! RETURN ( ! MON>*Y & ! F9AL 5SLAVEM5T ( ! ,5GLI% WORK+ CLASS1 ,W9/ANLEY'S MESSAGE LO/ ITS MEAN+ & HIS WORKS W]E IGNOR$ BO? BY HI/ORIANS & SOCIAL ?9K]S4 ,IT WAS NOT UNTIL ! BEG9N+ ( ?IS C5TURY ?AT A COMPREH5SIVE /UDY ( HIS ACTIVITIES & WRIT+S WAS MADE BY ,L4 ,H4 ,B]5S 9 ,! ,DIGG] ,MOVEM5T 9 ! ,DAYS ( ! ,COMMONWEAL?4 ,S9CE !N A SELECTION FROM HIS WORKS HAS BE5 PUBLI%$ 9 ,5GL& & A COMPLETE $ITION HAS APPE>$ 9 ,AM]ICA4 ,YET ,B]5S PROTE/S AGA9/ ! NEGLECT FROM :I* ,W9/ANLEY HAS SUFF]$1 :I* /ILL APPLIES TO-DAY3 0,ITS P]USAL 7( ,! ,LAW ( ,FRE$OM7 CONV9C$ US1 & \R SUBSEQU5T 9VE/IGATIONS HAVE ONLY S]V$ TO /R5G!N ! BELIEF1 ?AT ,W9/ANLEY WAS1 9 TRU?1 ONE ( ! MO/ C\RAGE\S1 F>-SEE+ & PHILOSOPHICAL PREA*]S ( SOCIAL RI<TE\SNESS ?AT ,5GL& HAS GIV5 TO ! WORLD4 ,& YET H[ UNEQUALLY ,FAME BE/[S H] REW>DS4 ,MORE'S ,UTOPIA HAS SECUR$ ITS AU?OR WORLD-WIDE R5[N2 IT IS SPOK5 (1 EV5 IF NOT READ1 9 EV]Y CIVILIZ$ C\NTRY 9 ! WORLD4 ,G]R>D ,W9/ANLEY'S ,UTOPIA IS UNKN[N TO HIS [N C\NTRYM540 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #aid 3 ,UTOPIAS ( ! ,5GLI% ,REVOLUTION -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,JULY #a1 #bai 3 ,UTOPIAS ( ! ,5GLI% ,REVOLUTION -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #c1 #bbb 3 ,UTOPIAS ( ! ,5GLI% ,REVOLUTION -- ,UPDAT$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
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