0,VAE ,VICTIS10 ,G]MANY6 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,AMADEO ,BORDIGA 

,TEXT 3 

,FIR/ PUBLI%$3 9 ,ITALIAN AS 0',VAE VICTIS' .<#a.> ,G]MANIA0 9 ,IL ,PROGRAMMA ,COMUNI/A ,NO4 #a#a1 ,JUNE #a#a-#b#d1 #a#i#f2 
,TRANSLAT$3 FROM ! ,ITALIAN BY ,ANY?+,=,PROXIMITY2 
,S\RCE ( ! ,ITALIAN TEXT3 ,9T]NATIONAL ,LIBR>Y ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,LEFT4 

,IT WILL SOON BE HALF A C5TURY S9CE ! WOES ?AT BEFELL HUMANITY 
W]E SPILL$ UPON ! ,G]MANS1 ! WOES ( ?IS T]RIBLE P]IOD DUR+ 
:I* 0B\RGEOIS CIVILIZATION0 HAS BEGUN TO RECOIL FROM :AT 
WAS QUITE POSSIBLY ITS HI<E/ PIT* ( GREATNESS4 

,AT ! \TBREAK ( ! IMP]IALI/ W> ( #a#i#a#d1 ! GIGANTIC 
DECEPTION TO PRES5T ! CONFLICT AS AN IDEOLOGICAL W> WAS 
F\ND$ ON ! D5IGRATION ( ,G]MANY & ! ,G]MAN PEOPLE4 ,IT WAS NOT 
CAPITALISM ?AT SLID D[N ! 9ESCAPABLE SLOPE ( DISGRACE & IGNOM9Y 
& NAK$ B>B>ISM1 D5\NC$ BY ! ,M>XI/S4 ,NO1 CIVILIZATION1 ONE 9 
TIME & 9 SPACE1 WAS A .<UNIV]SAL.> HUMAN ATTRIBUTE ?AT HAD ONLY ONE 
5EMY3 ! ,G]MAN1 :ILE ALL O!RS RU%$ TO DEF5D IT 9 A HOLY 
CRUSADE6 ,H]E9 LIES ! 5TIRE SECUL> BLASPHEMY2 IT WAS ! SAME 9 
#aici & IT IS ! SAME TODAY4 

,! GREAT ,M>XI/ MOVEM5T ( ! WORLD SEEM$ TO TE> ITSELF AP>T4 
,! OR?O-,M>XI/S SAW 9 ! W> ! 9EVITABLE CONSEQU5CE ( ! 
CAPITALI/ SOCIAL SY/EM & ! REACTION ( ,G]MAN CAPITAL1 DET]M9$ 
BY ITS EXCLUSION FROM ! COLONIAL FEA/ UPON ! SK9S ( ! WRET*$ 
PEOPLES ( COLOR4 ,ON ! OPPOSITE SIDE1 ! R5EGADES CONT5D$ ?AT ! 
PROLET>IAT %\LD R5T ITSELF \T = ! DEF5SE ( ! LOCAL HOMEL& 
OR ( HUMAN CIVILIZATION1 = :I* IT HAD TO SWAP ITS [N CAUSE3 ! 
COM+ ( ! SOCIALI/ REVOLUTION4 

,! R5EGADES TOOK ROOTS ALSO & ESPECIALLY 9 ,G]MANY1 & PO9T$ 
TO ! ?REAT TO CIVILIZATION & CULTURE POS$ BY FEUDAL ,RUSSIA ?AT 
WAS AB\T TO DE/ROY A C5TURY ( DEMOCRACY - ! SAME ?+ ( 
:I* ! ,5T5TI/S ACCUS$ ! ,C5TRAL ,P[]S4 

,! FALSIFI]S ( SOCIALISM RESORT$ TO ALL MEANS4 ,BUT ! 
ANTI-,G]MANS1 LAY+ ! GR\NDWORK = ! 9FAMY ( RACISM & ( ! 
PR$E/9ATION ( PEOPLES TO SAVE OR RU9 ! :OLE HUMAN SPECIES1 
FANN$ ! FLAMES ( VILE HATR$ US+ ! TEXT ( ,TACITUS' 
,G]MANIA - 9 :I* ! CIVILIZ$ ,ROMAN DESCRIB$ SAID 
PEOPLE1 REBELL+ AGA9/ IMP]IAL OPPRESSION1 AS A BUN* ( BRUTES & 
WILD BEA/S - PASS$ ALONG AS IT WAS OV] ! MILL5NIA4 

,9 ,WORLD ,W> ,I1 ,G]MANY WAS DEFEAT$1 BUT NOT ?ANKS TO ?OSE 
SOCIALI/S :O BECAME CRUSAD]S = ! B\RGEOIS LIB]AL IDEA4 ,IT WAS 
PRECISELY ?OSE SOCIALI/S :O BELONG$ TO ! HEAL?Y W+ ( ! 
MOVEM5T & :O HAD SUPPORT$ 9T]NAL DEFEATISM & CIVIL W> RA!R 
?AN =EIGN CRUSADES ?AT DUG ! GRAVE = ! ,KAIS]'S /ATE4 
,! ,OCTOB] ,REVOLUTION 9 ,RUSSIA RID ! ,G]MAN >MIES ( A P[]FUL 
5EMY1 EV5 MORE SO :5 IT SIGN$ ! PEACE ( ,BRE/-,LITOVSK 9 
#a#i#a#h4 

,BUT DEFEATISM1 ?AT LIVELY & G5]\S S*OOL ( SOCIALISM1 CROSS$ 
! BORD] BRI/L+ ) IRON1 & ! GREAT ,G]MAN PROLET>IAT GRASP$ 
! ,RUSSIAN LESSON4 ,! ,WE/]N FRONT COLLAPS$1 & ?US CAME AB\T ! 
PEACE ( ,V]SAILLES & ! ,WEIM> ,REPUBLIC4 

,! ,G]MAN PROLET>IAT HAD TWO *OICES4 ,ONE WAS ! REVOLUTION>Y 
DICTATOR%IP & ! F\NDATION ( A SECOND & L>G] ,REPUBLIC ( 
,SOVIETS4 ,! O!R WAS A REVAN*I/ NATIONAL MOVEM5T AGA9/ ! 
9FAM\S PACT ( ,V]SAILLES1 :I* - )\T1 H[EV]1 DISMANTL+ 
! ALMO/ 9TACT PRODUCTIVE APP>ATUS - DIS>M$ ! DEFEAT$ & 
MADE ( ! C\NTRY ?AT HAD CAPITULAT$ A S+LE ,/ATE1 BUT ONE ?AT 
COMPRIS$ TWO PIECES ( T]RITORY DIVID$ BY ! 9SANE 0,POLI% 
CORRIDOR40 

,! HI/ORY ( ! CRISIS ( ! ,G]MAN PROLET>IAT /UCK BETWE5 
!SE TWO T5D5CIES IS FULL ( IMM5SE LESSONS4 ,IT WAS ! TREASON\S 
SOCIALI/S :O PAV$ ! WAY = ! LOGICAL ,HITL]IAN SOLUTION1 AGA9/ 
:I* ! SAME M\NTA9S ( EX]CISES 9 ATROCITY-MONG]+ W]E HEAP$ 
ONCE AGA94 

,WE COMMUNI/S ( ! ,MOSC[ ,9T]NATIONAL REJECT$ EV]Y IDEA ( 
RESPOND+ ) AN ANTI-,V]SAILLES NATIONAL W>4 ,H[EV]1 EV5 ?IS 
=MULA HAD BE5 PUT =W>D4 

,9 ! SECOND W> ( ,G]MAN REVAN*ISM1 ,RUSSIA - N[ DEVIAT$ 
FROM REVOLUTION>Y ,M>XISM - AT FIR/ MADE A PACT ) ,HITL] = 
A MOM5T1 US+ AS A PRET5SE ! ,L59I/ !SIS ?AT ,FRANCE & 
,5GL& 7LAT] ,AM]ICA7 W]E FI<T+ = EXQUISITE IMP]IALI/ MOTIVES3 
?OSE ( #a#i#a#d4 

,?AT WAS ! FIR/ DISGRACE1 BUT ! SECOND /AGE WAS EV5 WORSE4 
,REA*+ \T TO ! ,FR5*1 ! ,5GLI%1 & ! ,AM]ICANS1 ! ,RUSSIANS 
?REW !MSELVES ONCE AGA9 9TO ! MO/ CRIM9AL DEMOCRATIC CRUSADISM4 
,! VITAL =CE ( CLASS DEFEATISM WAS EV]Y:]E EXT+UI%$ BY TWO 
WAVES ( BETRAYAL4 ,DEFEAT$ = A SECOND TIME1 ,G]MANY HAS NOT UND]GONE 
A SECOND ,V]SAILLES YET1 BUT IT IS EV5 WORSE (F = IT4 ,! W9N]S 
DIVID$ IT 9TO TWO OCCUPATION ZONES ?AT =M TWO SEP>ATE ,/ATES1 
ALBEIT )\T A CORRIDOR BETWE5 ! TWO P>TS ( ! T]RITORY4 ,!SE 
>E TWO P>TS ?AT T\* EA* O!R1 & EV5 ,B]L9 IS 9 TWO 
PIECES4 

,! PROBLEM ( PEACE4 ,:O CAN ! W9N]S ( #aide CONCLUDE IT )8 
,CAN !Y MAKE A S+LE /ATE \T ( ! TWO PIECES1 CLE> \T1 & LAT] 
SIGN A TREATY ) ITS GOV]NM5T8 ,?AT WILL NEV] COME TO PASS1 BECAUSE 
IT IS IMPOSSIBLE4 ,IT C\LD ONLY BE O!RWISE IF ! MON/R\S 
IMPASSE ( FRE$OM1 DEMOCRACY1 & P>LIAM5T>ISM W]E NOT1 AS 
,M>XISM HAS KN[N = A HUNDR$ YE>S1 ! F\LE/ ( LIES4 

,A ?9KABLE SOLUTION1 BUT ONE :OSE TIME HAS C]TA9LY NOT YET COME1 
IS = EA* ( ! TWO W9N+ GR\PS TO ANNEX ITS P>T ( ,G]MANY1 & 
= AN >M$ WORLD CONFLICT TO FOLL[4 ,?IS W\LD HAVE ONE ADVANTAGE1 
NAMELY ?AT ! 0ACCURS$0 ,G]MAN PEOPLE1 FI<T+ 9 P>T 
ON ONE SIDE & 9 P>T ON ! O!R1 C\LD NOT BE ACCUS$ = A ?IRD 
TIME ( BE+ ! ,CA9 ( MOD]N CIVILIZATION4 ,!RE MAY BE ANO!R 
SOLUTION1 9 :I* ! :OLE ,G]MAN PEOPLE RISES UP 9 A NATIONAL W> 
AGA9/ ITS OPPRESSORS ,EA/ & ,WE/4 ,SU* MI<T BE A PATRIOTIC SLOGAN 
ONCE IT BECOMES CLE> ?AT NEI!R ,AM]ICA NOR ,RUSSIA WANTS 
REUNIFICATION1 & !RE=E PEACE ) A S+LE ,G]MANY1 :ILE HAV+ 
NO 9T]E/ 9 TWO SEP>ATE PEACE TREATIES4 

,WE DO HAVE SOME FACTS4 ,RUSSIA HAS NOT CONCLUD$ A TREATY ) ,EA/ 
,G]MANY4 ,AM]ICA HAS NOT CONCLUD$ IT ) ! ,G]MANY ( ,BONN 9 
ISOLATION1 EI!R 7!SE W\LD BE USELESS ACTS74 ,! ,AM]ICAN PRESID5T 
TOLD ! ,RUSSIAN LEAD] AT ,CAMP ,DAVID ?AT HE FE>$ ,G]MAN 
REUNIFICATION4 ,! =M] !N D5I$ IT4 ,BUT ! TRU? IS ?AT !Y 
TOLD EA* O!R1 9 A CONCILIATORY TONE1 ?AT NEI!R ( !M WANT$ A 
UNIT$ ,G]MANY1 & ?AT !Y FE>$ IT4 ,! TRUE AGREEM5T ( ! 
SUMMIT4 ,ANO!R FACT3 ! QU>REL IS NOT OV] ,B]L92 9/EAD1 !RE IS 
PLAY-ACT+ AB\T QU>REL+ OV] ! ,U-#b1 ! SPY FLI<TS1 & ! 
BASES4 

,!RE IS YET ANO!R >DU\S .<BUT.> SPL5DID PROSPECT4 ,NOT A NATIONAL 
W> ( ! ,G]MANS1 ONCE AGA9 PATRIOTIC & RACI/1 AGA9/ ALL4 
,RA!R1 A CIVIL W> 9 ! TWO ,G]MANIES AGA9/ ! .<MUTUALLY.> 
COMPLICIT GOV]NM5TS ( ,AM]ICA & ,RUSSIA1 ?AT IS1 A CLASS REBIR? ( 
! ,G]MAN PROLET>IAT1 A RETURN ( ! PHRASE 0DICTATOR%IP ( 
! PROLET>IAT0 & ( ! MAGNIFIC5T TRADITION ( ,M>X4 

,?IS IS NOT AN ABSURD PROSPECT - ON ! CONDITION ?AT ! 
9T]NAL CLASS /RUGGLE FL>ES UP AGA9 9 ! C5T]S ( ! ,WE/ & 
! ,EA/4 

,ALMO/ HALF A C5TURY HAS BE5 5\< TO %[ ?AT ! ,RUSSIAN 
LEAD]%IP ( ! /RUGGLE = COMMUNISM HAS 5D$ 9 FAILURE4 .<,\R.> 
HOPES CAN ONLY BE PLAC$ 9 A MISSION ( ! GREAT ,G]MANIC .<#b.> PROLET>IAT1 :I* WILL FILL 
UP ! HI/ORY ( ! RE/ ( ! C5TURY4 ,IT IS NOT JU/ AB\T ,EUROPE 
ANYMORE4 ,ALL CONT95TS >E 9 TURMOIL4 ,AL?\< ! NATIONAL BALLA/ 
WEI<S HEAVILY1 EV5 ) REVOLUTION>Y EFFECTS1 ON PEOPLES ( COLOR1 
!IR DIRECTION W\LD LIE 9 FULL 9T]NATIONALISM FOLL[+ ! ,G]MAN 
UNIT>Y =MULA2 ! GREAT NEW ,/ATE ( ! ,G]MAN PROLET>IAT 
CONFRONT+ ! =CES ( ! ,EA/ & ! ,WE/1 ALL ( !M SOCIALLY 
CAPITALI/4 

,! PEOPLES ( COLOR C\LD MOVE =W>D RAPIDLY & LEAP OV] 
C5TURIES' WOR? ( HI/ORY4 ,TODAY'S SITUATION IS BLEAK1 BUT 
IT ALREADY SEEMS ?AT ,*9A IS LESS 9CL9$ ?AN ,RUSSIA T[>D PEACEFUL 
COEXI/5CE4 

,P]HAPS IT WAS :5 ,BEIJ+ LE>N$ ( ! SUBJUGATION ( ! :ITE 
,G]MAN PEOPLE DECRE$ AT ,CAMP ,DAVID ?AT A YELL[ CRY ( PROTE/1 
NAIVE BUT P[]FUL1 BLEW ! :OLE DISGU/+ COMPROMISE UP4 

,ONLY ! L9E ( ,M>X1 ( ,L591 & ( CLASS DICTATOR%IP CAN 
*ANNEL 9TO A S+LE /REAM ! =CES ?AT TREMBLE 9 ! B$ROCK ( 
HI/ORY ACROSS ! 5TIRE PLANET4 

,FOOTNOTES 

#a4 
0,WOE TO ! VANQUI%$02 9 ,LAT9 9 ! ORIG9AL TEXT4 

#b4 
,?IS IS ! ONLY PLACE 9 ! TEXT :]E ,BORDIGA USES ! ADJECTIVE 
G]MANICO 7LIT4 0,G]MANIC07 RA!R ?AN 
T$ESCO 7,G]MAN74 ,:ILE ?IS MAY BE M]ELY A /YLI/IC 
V>IATION TO AVOID REPETITION1 ! DI/9CTION IS PRES]V$ 9 ! 
TRANSLATION1 S9CE !RE >E 9DICATIONS ?AT ,BORDIGA WAS REF]R+ TO A 
BROAD] CATEGORY ?AN JU/ ! WORK+ CLASSES ( ,EA/ & ,WE/ ,G]MANY4 
,9 HIS ,DIALOGUE ) ,BORDIGA1 ,JACQUES ,CAMATTE 9T]PRETS 
,BORDIGA'S ANALYSIS AS ALSO APPLY+ TO ,AU/RIA & UNNAM$ 
C\NTRIES 0UND] ,G]MAN 9FLU5CE40 

,FROM 3 ,M>XI/S4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,M>* #c1 #bba 3 0,VAE ,VICTIS10 ,G]MANY6 -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #h1 #bbb 3 0,VAE ,VICTIS10 ,G]MANY6 -- ,UPDAT$4 

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