,VIEWS @& ,COMM5TS #ca #aieh ,PEOPLE 3 ,AU?OR 3 ,LIB]T>IAN ,LEAGUE ,TEXT 3 ,A MON?LY PUBLICATION ( ,! ,L,I,B,],T,>,I,A,N ,L,E,A,G,U,E ,ADDRESS ALL CORRESPOND5CE TO3 ,V,I,E,W,S & ,C,O,M,M,5,T,S ,P,O ,BOX #bfa ,COOP] ,/ATION ,NEW ,YORK #c1 ,N4,Y4 ,SUBSCRIPTIONS3 #ab ISSUES = @s#a--S+LE COPIES3 #a C5TS ,V,I,E,W,S ,& ,C,O,M,M,5,T,S IS PR9T$ & PUBLI%$ 5TIRELY BY VOLUNT>Y LABOR4 ,CONT5TS ,R,U,D,O,L,F ,R,O,C,K,]1 #a#h#g#c-#a#i#e#h #b ,A,N,>,*,I,S,M ,& ,P,O,L,I,T,I,C,A,L ,A,C,T,I,O,N BY ,RUDOLF ,ROCK] #c ,C,A,N ,D,E,C,5,T ,U,N,I,O,N,S ,/,A,Y ,9 ,! ,A,F,L-,C,I,O8 #g ,! ,/,A,T,E ,&_/,O,R ,S,O,C,I,E,T,Y BY ,COL9 ,W>D #h ,F,R,O,M ,\,R ,P,R,E,S,S ,A,B,R,O,A,D #h ,9 ,! ,/,R,U,G,G,L,E ,= ,E,Q,U,A,L,I,T,Y 7BOOK REVIEW7 #i ,A ,L,O,O,K ,A,T ,L,A,T,9 ,A,M,],I,C,A #a ,! ,B,9,E,F,> ,C,O,L,L,E,C,T,I,V,E 7F\R? ( A S]IES ON ,! ,S,P,A,N,I,% ,C,O,L,L,E,C,T,I,V,E,S7 #ad 0,L,I,B,],A,T,$0 ,T,U,N,I,S,I,A #ag "9 ,CLEVEL& ,L,I,B,],T,>,I,A,N ,M,E,E,T,+,S ,W,I,L,L ,B,E ,H,E,L,D ,A,T #cge ,WE/ ,P>K ,ROAD 7NE> ,LORA9 & ,TRISKETT7 ,F,R,I,D,A,Y1 ,OCT4 #c#a--#h ,P4,M4 ,F,R,I,D,A,Y1 ,NOV4 #b#h--#h ,P4,M4 ,& ,!,R,E,A,F,T,] ,O,N ,! ,L,A,/ ,F,R,I,D,A,Y ,( ,E,A,* ,M,O,N,? ,A,T ,! ,S,A,M,E ,T,I,M,E4 ,RUDOLF ,ROCK] #a#h#g#c-#a#i#e#h ,A BIOGRAPHY ( ,RUDOLF ,ROCK]'S LONG & REM>KABLE C>E] W\LD 5COMPASS MORE ?AN A HALF C5TURY 9 ! HI/ORY ( ! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T4 ,HIS AUTOBIOGRAPHY ALONE 7TO SAY NO?+ ( A MASS ( O!R MAT]IAL71 CONSI/S ( ?REE VOLUMES ( ALMO/ #h PAGES EA*4 ,A COMPREH5SIVE HI/ORY ( HIS LIFE & AN EVALUATION ( HIS WORK & 9FLU5CE AWAIT FUTURE BIOGRAPH]S4 ,H]E1 WE CAN ONLY (F] A V]Y SKET*Y \TL9E4 ,ON ,SEPT4 #a1 #a#i#e#h1 ,RUDOLF ,ROCK] DI$ AT ! AGE ( #h#f4 ,HE WAS BORN 9 ,MA9Z1 ,G]MANY1 ,M>* #b#e1 #a#h#g#c4 ,HIS FA!R WAS A MUSIC TYPOGRAPH]4 ,:5 HE WAS SIX YE>S OLD HIS P>5TS DI$ & HE SP5T HIS BOYHOOD 9 A ,CA?OLIC ORPHANAGE4 ,RUDOLF ,NAUMANN1 HIS MO!R'S BRO!R1 9TRODUC$ HIM 9TO ! SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T4 ,?IS WAS ! TIME ( ,BISM>CK4 ,! SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T WAS \TLAW$ & FUNCTION$ UND]GR\ND & IMPORT$ ITS LIT]ATURE FROM ABROAD4 ,AT ! AGE ( #ad HE WAS APPR5TIC$ TO A BOOKB9D]4 ,AS WAS ! CU/OM1 ! J\RNEYMAN TRAVEL$ ?R\<\T ,EUROPE WORK+ AT HIS TRADE4 ,?US ,ROCK] W&]$ ?R\<\T ,EUROPE AFOOT1 ABSORB+ & OBS]V+ ! CU/OMS & LANGUAGES ( V>I\S C\NTRIES4 ,DUR+ ?IS TIME1 HE MET & BECAME FRI5DS ) SU* \T/&+ LIB]T>IAN ?9K]S & MILITANTS AS ,KROPOTK91 ,ELISEE ,RECLUS1 ,]RICO ,MALATE/A1 ,DOMELA ,NIEW5HUIS1 ,L\ISE ,MI*EL & MANY O!RS4 ,ROCK] WAS BANI%$ FROM ,G]MANY = REVOLUTION>Y ACTIVITY & LIV$ 9 ,P>IS FROM #ahic TO #a#h#i#e1 BROAD5+ HIS LIB]T>IAN CONCEPTS & CONTACTS4 ,!N HE W5T TO ,LONDON & WORK$ AT HIS TRADE4 ,!RE HE BECAME ACTIVE 9 ! ,JEWI% LABOR MOVEM5T4 ,AL?\< HE WAS A NON-,JEW1 HE LE>N$ TO SPEAK & WRITE ,YIDDI%4 ,HE !N BECAME $ITOR ( TWO \T/&+ ,YIDDI% PUBLICATIONS3 ,>BEIT] ,FREUND1 A WEEKLY1 & ,G]M9AL1 A !ORETICAL & LIT]>Y MON?LY TO :I* LEAD+ LIB]T>IAN ?9K]S CONTRIBUT$4 ,HE $IT$ ! PAP]S UNTIL ! \TBREAK ( WORLD W> ,I4 ,!N1 = HIS OPPOSITION TO ! W>1 HE WAS >RE/$ & 9T]N$4 ,AT ! 5D ( ! W>1 HE RETURN$ TO ,G]MANY & BECAME 9T5SELY ACTIVE 9 ! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T4 ,HE HELP$ ORGANIZE ! REVOLUTION>Y SYNDICALI/ 0,FREE ,WORK]S' ,UNION ( ,G]MANY0 & HELP$ PUBLI% ! PAP]S ,D] ,SYNDIKALI/ & ,D] ,FRY] ,>BEIT]4 ,9 #aiba HE TOOK A MAJOR P>T 9 ! REORGANIZATION ( ! OLD ,9T]NATIONAL ,WORK+M5'S ,ASSOCIATION4 ,:5 ,HITL] CAME TO P[]1 ,ROCK] FL$1 LEAV+ HIS FIVE ?\S& VOLUME LIBR>Y :I* ! ,NAZIS BURN$4 ,HE ESCAP$ ) ONLY ! CLO!S ON HIS BACK & ! MANUSCRIPT ( HIS DI/+UI%$ WORK1 ,NATIONALISM & ,CULTURE4 ,S9CE !N HE HAS LIV$ 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 DEVOT+ ! RE/ ( HIS LIFE TO WRIT+ & SPEAK+4 ,A BIBLIOGRAPHY ( HIS 'BOOKS1 PAMPHLETS & >TICLES W\LD MAKE A FAIR-SIZ$ VOLUME4 ,9 ADDITION TO ?IS HE TRANSLAT$ 9TO ,YIDDI% ,KROPOTK9'S 0,WORDS ( A ,REBEL10 ,ELISEE ,RECLUS' 0,EVOLUTION & ,REVOLUTION0 & MANY O!R WORKS4 ,HE ALSO DID TRANSLATIONS 9 O!R LANGUAGES4 ,HIS BOOKS 9CLUDE3 ,NATIONALISM & ,CULTURE1 ,! ,HI/ORY ( ! ,T]RORI/ ,MOVEM5T 9 ,FRANCE1 ,FRANCISCO ,F]R] & ! ,FREE ,$UCATION ( ,Y\?1 ,JOHANN ,MO/1 ,MI*AEL ,BAKUN91 ,! TRAG$Y ( ,SPA92 ,PIONE]S ( ,AM]ICAN ,FRE$OM1 ,BEH9D ,B>S & ,B>B$ ,WIRE1 & MANY1 MANY O!RS4 ,V]Y FEW ( HIS WORKS HAVE APPE>$ 9 ,5GLI%1 AL?\< !Y HAVE BE5 TRANSLAT$ 9TO MANY O!R LANGUAGES4 ,! FOLL[+ POLEMICAL >TICLE1 :I*1 AS F> AS WE KN[1 HAS NEV] APPE>$ 9 ,5GLI%1 WAS ONE ( ?REE WRITT5 9 ANSW] TO ! REVISIONI/ IDEAS ( ,DR4 ,M>YSON1 A ,JEWI% AN>*I/ WRIT] ( ?AT P]IOD4 ,FROM ! ,YIDDI% WE TRANSLATE EXTRACTS FROM ?AT >TICLE1 :I* APPE>$ 9 ,G]M9AL ( ,DEC4 #a#i#f4 ,IT ILLU/RATES ,ROCK]'S E>LY VIEWS & IT DEALS ) A FUNDAM5TAL PROBLEM :I* HAS BECOME EV5 MORE ACUTE ) ! PASS+ ( ! YE>S4 ,! BE/ TRIBUTE ?AT WE CAN PAY TO HIS MEMORY IS TO MAKE MORE ( HIS WORKS KN[N TO ! ,5GLI% SPEAK+ PUBLIC4 ,AN>*ISM & ,POLITICAL ,ACTION BY ,RUDOLF ,ROCK] ,! QUE/ION ( POLITICAL ACTION HAS BE5 REPEAT$LY DISCUSS$ 9 AN>*I/ CIRCLES4 ,NEV]!LESS1 WE MU/ CONT9UALLY DEAL ) MISUND]/&+S & FALSE 9T]PRETATIONS ( \R POSITION ON ?IS PO9T4 ,9 REALITY ! AN>*I/S W]E NEV] OPPOS$ TO POLITICAL ACTIVITY4 ,S9CE !IR IDEAL1 AN>*ISM1 IS A POLITICAL DOCTR9E4 ,!IR CRITICISM HAS BE5 DIRECT$ ONLY AGA9/ A P>TICUL> K9D ( POLITICAL ACTIVITY4 ,9 ORD] TO >RIVE AT A CLE>] CONCEPTION1 IT IS NECESS>Y TO DEF9E :AT WE MEAN BY POLITICAL ACTION4 ,WE HAVE NO OBJECTION TO 0POLITICS0 IF IT IS UND]/OOD 9 ITS ORIG9AL1 ETYMOLOGICAL D]IVATION4 ,! ,GREEK WORD 0POLIS0 MEANS CITY1 COMMUNITY1 ASSOCIATION4 ,A 0POLITICUS0 IS ANYONE :O IS CONC]N$ ) ! PUBLIC AFFAIRS ( ! 0POLIS40 ,AL?\< A /RIKE IS AN ECONOMIC ACT1 IT HAS AT ! SAME TIME A POLITICAL *>ACT] BECAUSE IT CONC]NS & 9FLU5CES ! LIFE ( ! 0POLIS40 ,) ! DEVELOPM5T ( P>LIAM5T>IANISM & ABOVE ALL P>LIAM5T>Y TACTICS 9 ! SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T1 ! MEAN+ ( 0POLITICS0 HAS BE5 LIMIT$ SO ?AT MO/ PEOPLE ?9K ( POLITICS AS BE+ ONLY P>LIAM5T>Y ACTION4 ,BUT P>LIAM5T>Y ACTION IS ONLY A P>TICUL> =M ( G5]AL POLITICAL ACTION4 ,IT IS ONLY AGA9/ ?IS =M ?AT ! AN>*I/ DIRECTS HIS CRITICISM4 ,\R MOD]N POLITICAL P>TIES HAVE CON/RICT$ ! :OLE ( POLITICAL LIFE )9 ! N>R[ LIMITS ( P>LIAM5TS4 ,IT IS PRECISELY P>LIAM5T>Y ACTION ?AT ,COMRADE ,M>YSON REG>DS AS ! MO/ IMPORTANT PROPAG&A TACTIC = AN>*ISM4 ,M>YSON TRIES TO PROVE ?AT P>LIAM5T>Y ACTION IS ONLY A ME?OD1 A WAY TO REA* A C]TA9 OBJECTIVE1 :I* HAS NO?+ TO DO ) ! PR9CIPLES ( AN>*ISM4 ,?IS IS AN UNW>RANT$ ASSUMPTION4 ,PR9CIPLES & TACTICS >E 9T]WOV54 ,WE CAN EASILY UND]/& :Y SOCIAL-DEMOCRATS P>TICIPATE 9 P>LIAM5T>Y ACTION4 ,!RE IS AN ORGANIC H>MONY BETWE5 !M & ALL O!R POLITICAL P>TIES4 ,! SOCIAL DEMOCRAT RECOGNIZES ! NECESSITY ( GOV]NM5T4 ,HIS OPPOSITION IS ONLY AGA9/ ! EXI/+ =M ( GOV]NM5T4 ,HE IS NOT AGA9/ ! PR9CIPLE ( GOV]NM5T4 ,?IS IS :Y HE /RIVES ALWAYS TO CAPTURE POLITICAL P[]4 ,HE CONSID]S ! /ATE AS ! ONLY CREATOR & DEF5D] ( SOCIAL LIFE4 ,HE IGNORES DIRECT ACTION ( 9DIVIDUALS & GR\PS & SEEKS TO COMBAT HIS OPPON5T BY ! ACTION ( HIS REPRES5TATIVES 9 P>LIAM5T4 ,= ! AN>*I/ ! PROBLEM IS DIFF]5T4 ,HE IS AN OPPON5T ( EV]Y GOV]NM5T1 REG>DLESS ( ! =M IT TAKES4 ,HIS AIM IS NOT ! CONQUE/1 BUT ! ABOLITION ( GOV]NM5TAL P[]4 ,HE CANNOT !RE=E BE AN AG5T OR REPRES5TATIVE ( GOV]NM5TAL P[]1 A :EEL 9 ! ,/ATE *>IOT4 ,AN>*ISM BASES ALL ITS TEA*+S ON ! FREE P]SONALITY & ! TACTICAL EXPRESSION ( ?IS TEA*+ IS 9DIVIDUAL 9ITIATIVE & DIRECT ACTION4 ,! =MS ( ,AN>*I/ TACTICS MAY V>Y ACCORD+ TO ! CIRCUM/ANCES & ! TACTICS ( \R 5EMIES1 BUT ! /RUGGLE ITSELF WILL ALWAYS BE A DIRECT ONE4 ,AS AN>*I/S WE KN[ ?AT MOD]N P>LIAM5T>IANISM1 ! SO-CALL$ REPRES5TATIVE SY/EM1 IS ONLY A NEW =M ( ! OLD ,/ATE PR9CIPLE4 ,! PLACE ( ! DICTATOR IS TAK5 BY ! DEPUTIES4 ,! RESULTS >E ! SAME4 ,IT IS IMMAT]IAL IF ! LAWS >E MADE & IMPOS$ BY ! WILL ( ONE HUNDR$1 FIVE HUNDR$ OR A ?\S& P]SONS4 ,EXP]I5CE DEMON/RATES ?AT LEGISLATION ( P>LIAM5T>Y MAJORITIES CAN SOMETIMES BE MORE DESPOTIC ?AN ?AT ( A P]SONAL DICTATOR4 ,IF ! PEOPLE 9 L&S RUL$ BY P>LIAM5TS 5JOY MORE RIY NATURE COMMON TO ALL GOV]NM5TS4 ,IT MAKES LITTLE DIFF]5CE :O DET]M9ES ! FATE ( A NATION1 :E!R IT IS AN ABSOLUTE K+ OR A NUMB] ( DEPUTIES4 ,PR\DHON WAS CORRECT :5 HE /AT$1 0,P>LIAM5T IS NO?+ MORE ?AN A K+ ) #f HEADS40 ,! AN>*I/S WANT TO MAKE IT IMPOSSIBLE = ONE1 T51 OR A HUNDR$ PEOPLE TO RULE & TYRANNIZE OV] !IR SUBJECTS & CONTROL !IR ?\IAN P[]4 ,! F\NDATION ( EV]Y GOV]NM5T IS NOT ! POLICE1 >MY & O!R P[] 9/ITUTIONS :I* PROTECT ! /ATE SY/EM1 BUT ! IGNORANCE1 SUP]/ITION & ! RESPECT ( ! MASSES = !SE 9/ITUTIONS4 ,!SE ATTITUDES MU/ BE *ANG$4 ,IF WE \RSELVES P>TICIPATE 9 LEGISLATIVE OR EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONS & BECOME P>T ( ! ME*ANICS ( GOV]NM5T1 ?IS WORK WILL BE IMPOSSIBLE4 ,9 ! PA/ MAN C\LD NOT CONCEIVE ( A WORLD )\T ,GOD4 ,TO HIM ! C5T] ( ALL HIS FEEL+S & CONCEPTIONS WAS ,GOD4 ,UPON ?IS BL9D FANATICISM ! *UR* BUILT ITS P[]4 ,! PIONE]S ( FREE ?\*Y1 ! K+ WAS REV]$ ALMO/ AS ,GOD4 ,HE & HIS C\RT W]E ! C5T] ( LIFE4 ,EV]Y?+ REVOLV$ >\ND HIM & HIS M9I/]S4 ,AT ?AT TIME A SOCIETY )\T A K+ MEANT = MO/ PEOPLE ! 5D ( ! WORLD4 ,WE KN[ H[ MU* LABOR & SACRIFICE IT TOOK TO DE/ROY ?IS SUP]/ITION & TO PROVE TO PEOPLE ?AT ! K+ IS ONLY AN ORD9>Y MAN1 V]Y (T5 AN 9F]IOR ONE AT ?AT2 ?AT HIS P[] RE/$ ON ! IGNORANCE ( HIS SUBJECTS4 ,N[ ! GREAT SUP]/ITION IS ! WOR%IP & BELIEF 9 ! 0K+ ) ! #f HEADS40 ,P>LIAM5T>IANISM IS ! MO/ T]RIBLE LIE ( \R TIME4 ,! PEOPLE EXPECT EV]Y?+ FROM ! /ATE & ITS LAWS4 ,P>LIAM5T IS REG>D$ AS ! F\NTA9 ( LIFE4 ,! PEOPLE CANNOT CONCEIVE ( H[ SOCIETY CAN EXI/ )\T /ATI/ EXECUTIVE & LEGISLATIVE 9/ITUTIONS4 ,JU/ AS 9 ! PA/1 PEOPLE C\LD NOT IMAG9E A WORLD )\T A ,GOD & )\T A ,K+4 ,! SPIRITUAL & CULTURAL NON5TITIES :O =M P>LIAM5TS 5JOY ! SAME SUP]/ITI\S RESPECT AS DID ! PREVI\S NON5TITIES :O PLAY$ ! P>T ( ANO9T$ DESPOTS4 ,! NEWSPAP]S >E FULL ( P>LIAM5T>Y REPORTS AS IF NO?+ ELSE EXI/$ 9 ! WORLD \TSIDE ( ! FEW BUS9ESS M5 & LAWY]S :O REG>D !MSELVES & >E REG>D$ BY O!RS AS ! LORDS ( LIFE4 ,TO DE/ROY ?IS SUP]/ITION IS \R TASK4 ,IF WE W]E TO FOLL[ ! ADVICE ( ,DR4 ,M>YSON WE W\LD NOT WEAK5 BUT SUPPORT & SANCTION ?IS SUP]/ITION ( ! OMNIPOT5CE ( ! ALL P[]FUL P>LIAM5T>Y GOV]NM5T1 BECAUSE WE \RSELVES W\LD BE TAK+ P>T 9 P>LIAM5T>Y ACTION4 ,DON'T TELL ME ?AT ! AN>*I/ DEPUTIES W\LD BE ! OPPOSITION TO ! GOV]NM5T4 ,?IS PROVES NO?+ EXCEPT ?AT ! OPPOSITION IS ALSO A NECESS>Y P>T ( ! P>LIAM5T>Y SY/EM4 ,IF !RE W]E NO OPPOSITION IT W\LD BE NECESS>Y TO CREATE ONE4 ,A ,P>LIAM5T )\T AN OPPOSITION IS IMPOSSIBLE & ABSURD4 ,! FACT ?AT WE GO 9TO A P>LIAM5T IS LOGICAL PRO( ?AT WE RECOGNIZE ! MORAL VALIDITY & NECESSITY = ?IS BODY4 ,WE !REBY HELP TO P]PETUATE ! BELIEF 9 ! MAGICAL P[]S ( P>LIAM5T4 ,! OLD SAY+1 0,TELL ME ! COMPANY Y\ KEEP & ,I WILL TELL Y\ :AT Y\ >E0 W\LD ALSO BE US$ AGA9/ US4 ,BUT ,COMRADE ,M>YSON TELLS US ?AT HE IS ONLY LOOK+ = A PLAT=M 9 P>LIAM5T4 ,FROM ?IS TRIBUNAL1 HE CAN SPEAK TO ALL ! PEOPLE4 ,%\LD NOT ! AN>*I/S AVAIL !MSELVES ( ?IS OPPORTUNITY8 ,IT W\LD BE SIMPLE4 ,FIR/ ( ALL WE MU/ AGREE ?AT IT MU/ BE DONE4 ,WE NOM9ATE 9 ! NEXT ELECTION1 \R C&IDATE1 ,COMRADE ,YANOVSKY1 7A PROM95T ,JEWI% AN>*I/ SPEAK] & WRIT]7 ON ! CONDITION ?AT HE WILL NOT TAKE P>T 9 ! LAWMAK+ ACTIVITY ( P>LIAM5T4 ,HE W\LD ONLY PROTE/ AGA9/ BAD LEGISLATION & MAKE PROPAG&A = AN>*ISM1 OR BETT] SAID1 /ATE \R POSITION AS AN>*I/S TO ALL PROBLEMS DISCUSS$ 9 P>LIAM5T4 ,! REALITIES ( ! SITUATION >E NOT SO SIMPLE1 MY DE> ,M>YSON4 ,IF Y\ W]E TO SUGGE/ ?AT ,YANOVSKY BE S5T TO SOME CONGRESS OR CONV5TION TO EXPLA9 \R POSITION ON SOME SPECIFIC PROBLEM1 NO ONE W\LD OBJECT4 ,IF ,YANOVSKY W\LD CORRECTLY PRES5T \R POSITION WE W\LD C]TA9LY BE PLEAS$4 ,IF HE DID NOT1 NO GREAT H>M W\LD BE DONE4 ,NO ONE C\LD =CE US TO ACCEPT A DECISION :I* WE DID NOT AGREE )4 ,H[EV]1 ! SITUATION TAKES ON A DIFF]5T *>ACT] :5 WE NOM9ATE HIM = P>LIAM5T4 ,IF ,YANOVSKY %\LD BE ELECT$ HE IS NO LONG] ON EQUAL FOOT+ ) US4 ,HIS ELECTION GIVES HIM A HI<] P[]4 ,HE IS NO LONG] A DELEGATE BUT A DEPUTY :OSE VOICE & VOTE HAVE AN 9FLU5CE 9 ! MAK+ ( LAWS4 ,WE HAVE NOT ! SLIANTEE ?AT ,YANOVSKY WILL DO EV]Y?+ WE ASK HIM4 ,WE W\LD HAVE TO DEP5D SOLELY ON HIS P]SONAL HONE/Y1 /R5G? ( PURPOSE1 5]GY & SO =?4 ,%\LD HE TAKE AN OPPOSITE POSITION TO \RS ON ?IS OR ?AT PROBLEM 9 P>LIAM5T1 WE W\LD NOT BE ABLE TO /OP HIM4 ,AS A DELEGATE TO AN ORD9>Y GA!R+1 WE W\LD JU/ LAU< AT HIM1 IF HE FAIL$ TO REPRES5T US4 ,HE C\LD DO NO?+ TO US4 ,AS DEPUTY HIS P]SONAL WILL SUP]S$ES \R JO9T DECISION4 ,HE C\LD =CE US TO ACCEPT HIS DECISION BECAUSE HE GIVES HIS VOTE = OR AGA9/ A P>TICUL> PIECE ( LEGISLATION4 ,HIS P]SONAL WILL BECOMES A LEGISLATIVE & EXECUTIVE P[]4 ,?IS IS A FACT ?AT WE OBS]VE EV]Y DAY4 ,WE KN[ ( SOCIAL-DEMOCRATIC DEPUTIES :O VOT$ TO S5D TROOPS TO CRU% /RIK+ WORK]S1 /R5G!N ! POLICE1 ACCEPT ! BUDGET ( A GOV]NM5T & SO =?4 ,9 ACTUAL FACT Y\ WILL NOT F9D A DEPUTY :O ALWAYS C>RIES \T ! WILL ( HIS ELECTORS4 ,IT IS TRUE ?AT Y\ CAN1 9 ! NEXT ELECTIONS1 PICK ANO!R DEPUTY IF ! FIR/ ONE DID NOT C>RY \T Y\R DECISIONS4 ,BUT FIR/LY1 Y\ W\LD NOT BE ABLE TO CORRECT ! H>M DONE BY HIS PR$ECESSOR & SECONDLY1 Y\ W\LD NOT HAVE ! SLI*I/ & NOT A SOCIAL-DEMOCRAT4 ,9 ?IS RESPECT ,I AM A SKEPTIC4 ,I DO NOT BELIEVE ?AT ! NAME WILL *ANGE ! FACT4 ,AN>*I/S >E1 AFT] ALL1 PEOPLE & NOT ANGELS & ! FAULT LIES NOT 9 :E!R A DEPUTY CALLS HIMSELF AN AN>*I/ OR A SOCIAL-DEMOCRAT1 BUT 9 ! FACT ?AT WE \RSELVES GIVE HIM ! P[] TO REGULATE \R LIVES4 ,& EV5 IF WE NOM9AT$ & ELECT$ ! BE/ AN>*I/ C&IDATE1 IT W\LD NOT DO AWAY ) ! 9CONTE/ABLE FACT ?AT WE \RSELVES PLAC$ \R FATE 9 ! H&S ( ANO!R P]SON :O WILL DO ) \R TRU/ :AT HE PLEASES4 ,:E!R AN AN>*I/ CAN OR %\LD P>TICIPATE 9 P>LIAM5T>Y ACTION ,I LEAVE TO ! READ] TO DECIDE = HIMSELF4 ,AS F> AS ,I AM P]SONALLY CONC]N$1 MY OP9ION IS ?AT AN AN>*I/ C\LD NOT & %\LD NOT DO ?IS4 ,IF HE DID HE W\LD BETRAY HIS AN>*I/ PR9CIPLES & CONVICTIONS4 ,IT IS NOT NECESS>Y TO EXPLA9 9 DETAIL H[ ELECTIONS >E RIGG$1 ESPECIALLY 9 ,AM]ICA1 :]E POLITICS IS NO?+ MORE ?AN OP5 BUY+ & SELL+ ON ! ELECTION M>KET4 ,AT NO O!R TIME IS SO MU* APPEAL MADE TO ! L[E/ & DIRTIE/ PASSIONS ( ! MOB AS 9 ! ELECTION P]IOD & IF A P]SON CANNOT /OOP TO SEW] POLITICS HE WILL HAVE NO 9FLU5CE 9 ! ELECTION4 ,IDEALISM WILL NEV] GET HIM ELECT$1 = IDEALISM & POLITICS >E TWO DIFF]5T ?+S4 ,COMRADE ,M>YSON ASSURES US ?AT HE DOES NOT WANT TO COMPROMISE 9 ANY WAY4 ,HIS OP9ION IS ?AT ! AN>*I/ DEPUTY NE$ NEV] BYPASS ! AN>*I/ PR9CIPLES4 ,BUT ,I ASK HIM IF HE EV] E>NE/LY CONSID]$ ! PECULI> ROLE ?AT \R AN>*I/ W\LD HAVE TO PLAY 9 ! *AMB]S ( P>LIAM5T & ! K9D ( SPEE* HE W\LD HAVE TO DELIV] TO ! VOT]S 9 ! ELECTORAL CAMPAIGN8 ,HE W\LD HAVE TO TELL ! VOT]S ?AT IT IS S5SELESS TO EXPECT HELP FROM P>LIAM5T1 ?AT SOCIAL PROBLEMS WILL NOT BE SOLV$ !RE S9CE P>LIAM5T>Y GOV]NM5T1 LIKE ALL O!R GOV]NM5TS1 W\LD BE ! POLITICAL 9/RUM5T ( ! RUL+ CLASSES :OSE PURPOSE IS TO P]PETUATE ! ECONOMIC & SOCIAL SLAV]Y ( ! PEOPLE4 ,HE W\LD HAVE TO DECL>E ?AT HE C\LD DO NO?+ = !M & = ?IS HE DES]VES TO BE ELECT$ AS DEPUTY 9 P>LIAM5T4 ,AS AN AN>*I/1 HE W\LD HAVE TO EXPLA9 ?AT ! REPRES5TATIVE SY/EM IS NO?+ MORE ?AN A NEW =M ( POLITICAL SLAV]Y4 ,HE W\LD HAVE TO EXPLA9 ?AT NO P]SON CAN REPRES5T ANO!R4 ,JU/ AS ANO!R P]SON CANNOT EAT1 DR9K & SLEEP = HIM1 SO HE CANNOT ?9K & ACT = HIM4 ,?IS IS :Y1 DE> VOT]1 ,I ASK Y\ NOT TO VOTE = ME OR ANY O!R C&IDATE4 ,:AT IMPRESSION W\LD SU* A SPEE* MAKE8 ,! C&IDATE W\LD BE LOOK$ UPON AS A POLITICAL CL[N :O IS NOT 9 HIS RIYSON TO USE ! P>LIAM5T>Y TRIBUNE AS A PROPAG&A /AGE IS BY NO MEANS NEW4 ,?IS WAS ! ORIG9AL POSITION ( ! SOCIAL-DEMOCRACY4 ,AS E>LY AS #ahhg ! CONGRESS ( ! ,G]MAN SOCIAL-DEMOCRATS 9 ,/4 ,GAL5 DECID$ ?AT SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC DEPUTIES %\LD NOT1 UND] ANY CIRCUM/ANCES1 TAKE P>T 9 ! MAK+ ( LAWS & %\LD LIMIT !MSELVES TO CRITICIZ+ & MAK+ SOCIALI/ PROPAG&A4 ,:AT WAS ! RESULT8 ,O!R P>TIES *>G$ ?AT ! SOCIAL-DEMOCRATS CRITICIZE O!RS BUT DO NO?+ PRACTICAL OR CON/RUCTIVE4 ,! SOCIAL DEMOCRATS GRADUALLY RELAX$ !IR ORIG9AL RULE & COLLABORAT$ ) O!R DEPUTIES ON PRACTICAL MEASURES1 BECAUSE !Y DID NOT WANT TO LOSE 9FLU5CE ) ! VOT]S4 ,?IS IS UND]/&ABLE4 ,PLAC$ 9 A SIMIL> POSITION1 ! AN>*I/S W\LD HAVE TO DO ! SAME4 ,IT IS NOT ! NAME BUT ! ?+ ITSELF :I* PRODUCES DEF9ITE EFFECTS1 & EV5 ! BE/ 9T5TIONS ( ,COMRADE ,M>YSON W\LD NOT BE ABLE TO HALT OR REV]SE ! PROCESS4 ,COMRADE ,M>YSON /RESSES ! GREAT PROPAG&A SUCCESS :I* ! SOCIAL-DEMOCRATS MADE BY P>LIAM5T>Y ACTIVITY4 ,! QUE/ION IS1 H[ WE UND]/& ! WORD SUCCESS4 ,IF SUCCESS IS MEASUR$ BY ! NUMB] ( VOTES1 !N ! SOCIAL-DEMOCRATS HAVE BE5 SUCCESSFUL4 ,AS A SOCIAL-DEMOCRATIC P>TY1 ITS SUCCESS IS NULL & VOID1 = ! GREAT] ! NUMB] ( VOTES IT WON1 ! WEAK] ITS ORIG9AL SOCIALI/ PR9CIPLES BECAME4 ,9 ,G]MANY !RE >E ?REE MILLION SOCIAL-DEMOCRATIC VOT]S1 BUT H[ MANY REAL SOCIALI/S WILL Y\ F9D AMONG !M8 ,Y\ HAVE 9 ,G]MANY #h DAILY SOCIAL-DEMOCRATIC NEWSPAP]S4 ,IF Y\ W\LD NOT READ ! L9E 0,SOCIAL-,DEMOCRATIC ,ORGAN0 Y\ W\LD NEV] SUSPECT1 FROM !IR CONT5TS1 ?AT !Y >E SOCIALI/ PAP]S4 ,ONLY ! !ORETICAL ORGAN ( ! P>TY1 0,DIE ,NEUE ,ZIET10 $IT$ BY ,K>L ,KAUTSKY1 C>RIES FROM TIME TO TIME SOCIALI/ DISCUSSION & >TICLES4 ,AL?\< ITS PRICE IS L[1 IT HAS ONLY SEV5 ?\S& READ]S \T ( ?REE MILLION VOT]S & IS ALWAYS 9 DEBT4 ,BAKUN9 KNEW :AT HE WAS TALK+ AB\T :5 HE ADMONI%$ HIS ,M>XI/ OPPON5TS1 0,Y\ WANT TO CONQU] POLITICAL P[]1 BUT ,I AM MU* AFRAID ?AT POLITICAL P[] WILL CONQU] Y\R SOCIALISM40 ,IF IT W]E NOT = ! AN>*I/S1 SOCIALISM W\LD BE COMPLETELY SUBM]G$ 9 ! SWAMP ( P>LIAM5T>Y ACTION4 ,IS ! P>LIAM5T>Y TRIBUNAL REALLY ! ONLY PLACE FROM :I* WE CAN SPEAK TO ! PEOPLE & GIVE \R MOVEM5T A PRACTICAL IMPORTANCE8 ,I ?9K NOT4 ,! MAJORITY ( ! PEOPLE >E NOT 9T]E/$ 9 POLITICS4 ,! NUMB] ( ?OSE :O TAKE ! TR\BLE TO READ ! P>LIAM5T>Y REPORTS >E V]Y FEW4 ,P>LIAM5T IS BUT ! POLITICAL /OCK EX*ANGE ( ! RUL+ CLASSES4 ,?IS IS :Y ! AG5DA C>RIES ! /AMP ( ?OSE CLASSES4 ,I DO NOT UND]/& H[ IT IS ?AT ,COMRADE ,M>YSON COMES ) HIS PROPOSAL AT ?IS TIME :5 AN>*ISM IS MAK+ GOOD PROGRESS 9 MO/ ( ! ,EUROPEAN C\NTRIES4 ,9 ,FRANCE WE HAVE ! REVOLUTION>Y LABOR MOVEM5T :OSE AIMS & TACTICS >E CLOSELY L9K$ ) AN>*I/ DEM&S4 ,!Y >E AGA9/ ! WAGE SY/EM & AGA9/ EV]Y GOV]NM5T4 ,!Y ADVOCATE ! AUTONOMY ( ! COMMUNES & DECL>E ?AT IT IS ! GREAT HI/ORIC MISSION ( ! UNIONS TO ORGANIZE ! COM+ COMMUNI/IC PRODUCTION & ! POLITICAL ADM9I/RATION ( EV]Y COMMUNE4 ,!Y >E ANTI-P>LIAM5T>IAN & = DIRECT ACTION4 ,!IR MO/ IMPORTANT & EFFECTIVE PROPAG&I/S >E \TSPOK5 AN>*I/S :O 9FLU5CE ! 5TIRE ,FR5* LABOR MOVEM5T4 ,! SAME IS TRUE 9 ,FR5* ,SWITZ]L&1 ,ITALY1 ,HOLL& & ,BELGIUM1 TO SAY NO?+ ( ,SPA91 :OSE LABOR MOVEM5T HAD FROM ! \TSET AN AN>*I/ *>ACT]4 ,H]E IS \R PLACE1 9 ! UNION1 AMONG ! PEOPLE4 ,H]E IS ! FIELD = \R ACTIVITY1 :]E \R WORDS WILL NOT BE LO/4 ,IT IS NOT TRUE1 ,COMRADE ,M>YSON1 ?AT ONLY ?R\< P>LIAM5T IS IT POSSIBLE TO 9T]E/ ! PEOPLE4 ,H]E IS AN EXAMPLE FROM ! HI/ORY ( ! FIR/ 0,9T]NATIONAL ,WORK+M5'S ,ASSOCIATION40 ,?IS P[]FUL ORGANIZATION HAD )9 A %ORT TIME UNIT$ TWO MILLION WORK]S 9 ITS RANKS1 DESPITE ! FACT ?AT IT REJECT$ P>LIAM5T>Y ACTION4 ,LAT]1 :5 ,M>X & ,5GELS TRI$ TO 9TRODUCE P>LIAM5T>Y ACTION !RE CAME ! SPLIT1 & ! ,9T]NATIONAL W5T UND]4 ,SIDEB> 0,LET US CONSID] ?AT >BITR>Y P[] HAS SELDOM OR NEV] BE5 9TRODUC$ 9TO ANY C\NTRY AT ONCE4 ,IT MU/ BE 9TRODUC$ BY SL[ DEGREES1 & AS IT W]E /EP BY /EP1 LE/ ! PEOPLE %\LD SEE ITS APPROA*40 --,LORD ,*E/]FIELD ,CAN ,DEC5T ,UNIONS ,/AY 9 ! ,A,F,L-,C,I,O8 ,! ,ME*ANICS ,$UCATIONAL ,SOCIETY ( ,AM]ICA 7,M,E,S,A7 WAS AN 9DEP5D5T UNION4 ,IT AFFILIAT$ TO ! ,A,F,L-,C,I,O ON ! CONDITION ?AT IT W\LD KEEP ITS AUTONOMY4 ,IT /ILL RETA9S ITS MILITANCY1 ITS RANK & FILE CONTROL1 ITS SAFEGU>DS AGA9/ CORRUPTION & (FICIALDOM & ITS SOCIAL IDEALISM4 ,9 !SE RESPECTS1 IT IS SUP]IOR TO ANY ( ! UNIONS 9 ! ,A,F,L-,C,I,O4 ,?IS IS ALL TO ! GOOD4 ,BUT1 9 URG+ ITS MEMB]S TO VOTE = 0LABOR'S FRI5DS10 WE SEE ! BEG9N+ ( A TR5D :I* W\LD NULLIFY !SE POSITIVE VALUES4 ,! FAILURE TO SEE ! LONG-RANGE BAD EFFECTS ( P>LIAM5T>Y ACTION HAS BE5 ONE ( ! MA9 CAUSES = ! DEG5]ATION ( MANY F9E & UP/&+ UNIONS4 ,H[EV]1 WE >E NOT H]E CONC]N$ ) ?IS S]I\S PROBLEM1 :I* WE HAVE DEALT ) & WILL CONT9UE TO DISCUSS 9 COM+ ISSUES ( ,VIEWS & ,COMM5TS4 ,:AT 9T]E/S US N[ >E ! RELATIONS BETWE5 ! ,M,E,S,A & ! ,A,F,L-,C,I,O 9 G5]AL & ) ! ,UNIT$ ,AUTO ,WORK]S 7,U,A,W7 9 P>TICUL>4 ,! ,SEPT4 #aieh ,MESA ,$UCATOR TELLS ! SORDID /ORY ( H[ ! GIANT ,U,A,W /ABB$ ITS SMALL] BRO!R UNION1 ! ,M,E,S,A1 9 ! BACK1 & SOLD \T ITS [N MEMB]S :O W]E WORK+ 9 ,GR& ,RAPIDS1 BY A SECRET AGREEM5T ) ! EMPLOY]1 ! ,KELV9ATOR APPLIANCE PLANT ( ! ,AM]ICAN ,MOTORS ,CORPORATION4 ,! AGREEM5T 9VOLV$ ! MOV+ ( ! ,KELV9ATOR PLANT 7:I* WAS ORGANIZ$ 9 ! ,M,E,S,A7 FROM ,DETROIT TO ,GR& ,RAPIDS1 ,MI*IGAN4 ,9 EX*ANGE = JURISDICTION OV] ! ADDITIONAL WORK]S 9 ! EXP&$ ,GR& ,RAPIDS PLANT1 ! ,U,A,W MADE A SECRET TWO-YE> AGREEM5T :I* WAS 9 EV]Y RESPECT WORSE ?AN ! OLD CONTRACT4 ,IT PROVID$ = A WAGE CUT1 WORS5+ ( WORK+ CONDITIONS & DEPRIV$ ! WORK]S ( MANY B5EFITS ?AT !Y HAD ALREADY WON4 ,! ,U,A,W AGRE$ TO ?IS DIRTY DEAL ON ! CONDITION ?AT ! CORPORATION W\LD MOVE ITS PLANT )9 SIX MON?S4 ,! EXCUSE = ?IS BETRAYAL WAS ?AT ! ,U,A,W WANTS TO HELP COMPANIES TO COMPETE ) !IR MORE SUCCESSFUL RIVALS--AT ! EXP5SE ( ! WORK]S4 ,! ,M,E,S,A ,$UCATOR NAMES ! 5G9E]S ( ?IS SELL\T3 0,$W>D ,L4 ,CU%MAN1 COLLEGE PR(ESSOR1 SO-CALL$ LIB]AL1 EX-,NEW ,DEAL]1 ,VISE ,PRESID5T ( ,AM]ICAN ,MOTORS1 & CONSPIRATIONAL PIRATE FRI5D ( ,NORMAN ,MA!WS1 ,VISE-,PRESID5T ( ! ,U,A,W60 ,9 ! SAME FRONT-PAGE $ITORIAL1 ! ,$UCATOR CA/IGATES ! ,U,A,W (FICIALDOM & RAISES A NUMB] ( VITAL QUE/IONS3 0,IT IS C]TA9 ?AT SE$S ( FE> & MI/RU/ HAVE BE5 PLANT$ 9 ! M9DS ( EV]Y ,U,A,W MEMB] :5 ! ,U,A,W & ITS HI< (FICIALS1 SU* AS ,NORMAN ,MA!WS1 HAVE SO LO/ ALL UND]/&+ ( ! PR9CIPLES ( UNIONISM ?AT !Y /OOP SO L[ AS TO COLLUDE ) EMPLOY]S 9 WAGE-CUTT+ & =G+ ! %ACKLES ( S]VITUDE ON !IR WORK]S4 0,IS ?IS ! BR& ( DI%ONORABLE CONDUCT ! ,PRESID5T ( ! ,U,A,W MEANT :5 HE SAID WE HAVE BIG BUS9ESS &1 !RE=E1 MU/ HAVE BIG UNIONS8 ,>E !SE 0BIG UNIONS0 TO BE BUILT ON ! CRUEL DISILLUSIONM5TS & %ATT]$ HOPES & ASPIRATIONS ( ?\S&S ( CAPTIVE & /OL5 WORK]S1 :O HAVE NO KN[L$GE ( SECRET SWEE!>T DEALS ?AT SO ADV]SELY EFFECT !IR LIVES & ! LIVELIHOOD ( !IR FAMILIES8 ,IS IT ! /RATEGY ( ! ,U,A,W ?AT !IR MEMB]S WORK+ 9 SMALL PLANTS >E EXP5DABLE PAWNS 9 ! ,U,A,W'S DRIVE = P[] & 0BIGNESS80 0',:AT PR(IT A MAN IF HE GA9 ! :OLE WORLD BUT LOSE HIS [N S\L8' ,!SE FACSIMILES ( M5 SURELY SOLD !IR S\LS TO ! DEVIL :5 !Y CONSUMMAT$ ?IS AV>ICI\S DEAL 9 ! D>K RECESSES ( !IR RAPACI\S M9DS40 ,IF ?IS IS ! WAY A DEC5T UNION IS TREAT$ BY ONE ( ! MO/ 0PROGRESSIVE0 UNIONS 9 ,AM]ICA1 ONE ( ! FRAM]S ( ,LABOR'S 0E?ICAL CODE10 WE CAN IMAG9E H[ ?+S /& ) EV5 LESS 0PROGRESSIVE0 UNIONS6 ,H[ LONG CAN A SMALL] HONE/ UNION /& = ! AGGRESSION ( ITS RAPACI\S FELL[ 0UNIONS0 9 ! ,A,F,L-,C,I,O1 :O WANT TO SWALL[ IT UP8 ,H[ LONG CAN IT MA9TA9 ITS AUTONOMY8 ,HAS IT ! RES\RCES TO FIY =CES )9 ! ,A,F,L-,C,I,O & REBUILD IT ON NEW & DIFF]5T L9ES1 OR1 FAIL+ ?AT1 LEAVE ! ?IEVES TO !MSELVES & BUILD A F$]ATION :I* WILL W9 ! SUPPORT ( ! MASSES ( UNORGANIZ$ & MISORGANIZ$ WORK]S4 ,AL?\< ! ,M,E,S,A DOES NOT GO AS F> AS ?IS1 ! LA/ P>AGRAPH ( AN >TICLE AB\T ! SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITIES ( LABOR :I* APPE>$ 9 ! SAME ISSUE ( ,! ,$UCATOR 9DICATES S]I\S ?9K+ AB\T ! FUTURE ( ! LABOR MOVEM5T4 ,?IS IS A HEAL?Y SIGN3 0,IF ! LABOR MOVEM5T REJECTS ITS RESPONSIBILITY TO *AMPION ! CAUSE ( SOCIAL PROGRESS--IF ! LABOR MOVEM5T P]SI/S 9 PLAY+ FOOTSIE ) ?OSE D$ICAT$ TO KEEP+ ! WORK] 9 HIS PRES5T /ATUS--!N IT WILL HAVE WAIV$ ITS JURISDICTION & A NEW =M ( ORGANIZATION MU/ COME =W>D TO C>RY \T ?IS NECESS>Y JOB40 ,! ,/ATE &_/OR ,SOCIETY BY ,COL9 ,W>D ,! LIVES ( M5 & ( COMMUNITIES IS A CONT9UAL CONTE/ BETWE5 ! TRADITION ( P[]1 ,/ATE & AU?ORITY ON ! ONE H&1 & ON ! O!R--SOCIETY1 COMMUNITY & MUTUAL AID4 ,! PREPOND]ANCE ( ONE OV] ! O!R IS ! MEASURE ( ! DEGREE ( LIB]TY OR SLAV]Y 9 A NATION4 ,! ,JEWI% PHILOSOPH] ,M>T9 ,BUB]1 CALLS !SE TWO OPPOS+ TRADITIONS ! ,POLITICAL PR9CIPLE & ! ,SOCIAL PR9CIPLE & HE SEES !M AS BAS$ ON ! ,/ATE & ON ,SOCIETY RESPECTIVELY4 ,HE ALSO MAKES ! V]Y IMPORTANT OBS]VATION ?AT ! /R5G? ( ! ONE IS EQUIVAL5T TO ! WEAKNESS ( ! O!R1 ?AT !RE IS 9 REALITY AN 9V]SE RELATION BETWE5 !M4 ,?IS MANN] ( VIEW+ HUMAN 9/ITUTIONS1 RE9=C$ BY ! OBS]VATIONS ( AN?ROPOLOGI/S & SOCIOLOGI/S1 IS ( GREAT IMPORTANCE = ,AN>*I/S4 ,IF WE WI% TO WEAK5 ! ,/ATE1 WE MU/ RE9=CE ,SOCIETY4 ,! TOTALIT>IANS KN[ ?IS V]Y WELL & 9V>IABLY SEEK TO DE/ROY ! SOCIAL 9/ITUTIONS ?AT !Y CANNOT DOM9ATE4 ,! DEGREE TO :I* ! SOCIAL PR9CIPLE PR$OM9ATES IS CALL$ BY ,BUB] ! COMMUNIT>IAN CONT5T ( A SOCIETY4 ,! ,AN>*I/1 9 HIS EF=T TO TRANS=M ! DAILY /RUGGLE 9 ! FACTORIES & ON ! L&1 9 URG+ WORK]S CONTROL ( 9DU/RY1 9 HIS DESIRE TO FREE $UCATION FROM ALL RELIGI\S1 NATIONALI/IC & AU?ORIT>IAN DOGMAS1 9 5C\RAG+ SPONTANE\S & VOLUNT>Y LOCAL =MS ( SOCIAL ORGANIZATION1 /IMULAT+ ! QUALITY & V>IETY ( HUMAN LIFE1 IS /R5G!N+ ! COMMUNIT>IAN CONT5T ( A SOCIETY4 ,9 DO+ ?IS HE DIM9I%ES ! SPH]E ( ! ,/ATE1 & ( ! AU?ORIT>IAN 9T]E/S ?AT ! ,/ATE PROTECTS4 ,TODAY1 ! ,AN>*I/ SEES EV]Y:]E A MASSIVE SOCIETY EASILY MANIPULAT$ BY POLITICAL DEMAGOGUES1 :O >E 9DIFF]5T OR APA!TIC TO ! REVOLUTION>Y ALT]NATIVES4 ,\R TASK 9 ALL ASPECTS ( LIFE IS TO TRANS=M ! SOCIETY ( MASSES 9TO A MASS ( SOCIETIES4 ,FROM \R ,PRESS ,ABROAD3 ,B,>,C,E,L,O,N,A1 ,S,P,A,9--,A C\RT M>TIAL TRI$ #de P]SONS1 AMONG !M N9E WOM51 = POSSESSION ( >MS & EXPLOSIVES & RECON/ITUT+ ,AN>*I/ GR\PS4 ,LAZ>O ,ANGU]A & ,G9ES ,MOR5O1 ACCUS$ ( ASSASS9AT+ A POLICE AG5T 9 ,M>*1 #a#i#e#f1 W]E CONDEMN$ TO DEA?4 #af W]E FRE$1 & ! O!RS W]E S5T5C$ AS FOLL[S3 #a TO #c YE>S1 #c TO #f YE>S 7AMONG !M A WOMAN71 ONE TO #g YE>S1 ANO!R TO #f1 ANO!R TO #b & #ah TO FROM #c TO #f MON?S4 ,L,I,S,B,O,N1 ,P,O,R,T,U,G,A,L--,! M9I/]S ( ! ,9T]IOR & ,JU/ICE HAVE ISSU$ NEW DECREES 9CREAS+ P5ALTIES = /RIK+4 ,CLOS+ ( 9DU/RIAL & COMM]CIAL E/ABLI%M5TS1 CURTAILM5T OR SUSP5SION ( WORK 9 ANY PUBLIC S]VICE OR ANY O!R ECONOMIC ACTIVITY )\T 0LEGITIMATE0 CAUSE WILL BE PUNI%$ ) PRISON4 ,?OSE :O HELP OR 9ITIATE CURTAILM5T OR SUSP5SION ( WORK WILL BE PUNI%$ ) P5ALTIES ( FROM #b TO #h YE>S IMPRISONM5T4 ,SIDEB> 0,GOV]NM5T IS ! \TCOME ( CONQUE/40 --,LE/] ,F4 ,W>D 7,PURE ,SOCIOLOGY7 ,9 ! ,/RUGGLE = ,EQUALITY1 BOOK REVIEW BY ,S4,D4 ,9 ! ,/RUGGLE = ,EQUALITY3 ,! ,/ORY ( ! ,AN>*I/ ,R$ ,CROSS BY ,B4 ,YEL5SKY4 ,A4 ,B]KMAN ,AID ,FUND1 ,*ICAGO4 #if PP41 @s#b4#e 7AVAILABLE FROM ,V,I,E,W,S ,& ,C,O,M,M,5,T,S67 ,HUMAN BE+S MAKE EV5TS & HI/ORIANS RECORD !M = ! GUIDANCE ( COM+ G5]ATIONS4 ,BO? >E NE$$4 ,! HONE/ HI/ORIAN ALWAYS TRIES TO GET 9=MATION FROM ORIG9AL RECORDS1 OR IF POSSIBLE FROM ! PEOPLE :O WITNESS$ OR TOOK P>T 9 ! EV5TS !MSELVES4 ,ALL TOO (T5 ! ACTORS 9 ! DRAMA ( HI/ORY LEAVE NO WRITT5 RECORD ( ! P>TS !Y PLAY$4 ,SIGNIFICANT PIECES 9 ! HI/ORICAL PUZZLE >E LO/ =EV] & ! MISS+ P>TS >E FILL$ 9 BY \TRIT HE PLAY$ 9 IT4 ,YEL5SKY TELLS AB\T HIS FIFTY YE>S ( UNCEAS+ ACTIVITY TO HELP ! VICTIMS ( OPPRESSION & 9JU/ICE4 ,HE D$ICAT$ HIS LIFE & HIS BOOK 0TO ! ,FIY MOVEM5T & ! P>T PLAY$ BY ! ,AN>*I/S4 ,!N ,YEL5SKY GIVES ! HI/ORY ( ! ,AN>*I/ ,R$ ,CROSS :I* WAS F\ND$ 9 #a#i#e4 ,9 TELL+ :Y A SPECIAL ,AN>*I/ ,RELIEF ,ORGANIZATION BECAME NECESS>Y HE CALLS ATT5TION TO A NEGLECT$ ASPECT ( REVOLUTION>Y HI/ORY--! SABOTAGE & DISCRIM9ATION ( MANY SOCIAL-DEMOCRATS AGA9/ !IR FELL[-PRISON]S & 9 ! \TSIDE RELIEF ORGANIZATIONS4 ,( ! VA/ SUMS COLLECT$ ALL OV] ! WORLD1 FROM ,CZ>I/ TIMES UP TO ! PRES5T1 V]Y LITTLE REA*$ ! ,AN>*I/ PRISON]S4 ,YEL5SKY QUOTES ,H4 ,WE9/E9 :O WAS JAIL$ 9 ,CZ>I/ TIMES = RADICAL ACTIVITY3 0,9 ,JULY OR ,AUGU/ ( #aif ,I WAS PLAC$ UND] >RE/ 9 ! CITY ( ,BIALO/OCK4 ,:5 ,I >RIV$ AT ! PRISON 9 ?AT CITY1 ,I MET !RE ,JACOB ,KREPLEI* & A FRI5D ( HIS1 A ,RUSSIAN TEA*]2 !Y LIKEWISE 9=M$ ME ?AT ! ORGANIZATION :I* !N EXI/$ 9 ,RUSSIA1 SET UP BY ! SOCIAL-DEMOCRATS TO EXT5D AID TO ALL REVOLUTION>Y CAPTIVES REG>DLESS ( POLITICAL AFFILIATION WAS REFUS+ TO HELP ! ,AN>*I/S2 & DUR+ ! BRIEF P]IOD ?AT ,I REMA9$ 9 ! ,BIALO/OCK PRISON WE RECEIV$ LETT]S FROM ! ,GRODNO JAIL :I* GAVE CONFIRMATION ( ! TRU? ( !SE /ATEM5TS40 ,?IS DISCRIM9ATION /ILL P]SI/S4 ,AS ,YEL5SKY PO9TS \T 9 TELL+ AB\T ! CONDUCT ( ! SOCIAL-DEMOCRAT RELIEF ORGANIZATION1 ,! ,JEWI% ,LABOR ,COMMITTEE 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 ,IT IS NOT A PRETTY TALE1 BUT IT HAD TO BE TOLD4 ,! ,AN>*I/S HAVE CONT9U$ RELIEF ACTIVITIES ALL ?IS TIME4 ,! BULK ( ?IS WORK IS N[ C>RI$ ON BY ! ,ALEX&] ,B]KMAN ,AID ,FUND1 :I* IS NOT LIMIT$ TO ,RUSSIAN OR ,JEWI% PRISON]S4 ,AID IS BE+ S5T TO ,SPANI%1 ,ITALIAN1 ,BULG>IAN & O!R PRISON]S ALL OV] ! WORLD4 ,! FUND ALSO ,PUBLI%$ A DOCUM5T>Y HI/ORY ( ,BOL%EVIK T]ROR AGA9/ REVOLUTIONI/S1 ,! ,GUILLOT9E ,AT ,WORK1 BY ,P4,G4 ,MAXIMOV4 ,9 RELAT+ ! RELIEF ACTIVITIES1 ,YEL5SKY GIVES US A PICTURE ( ! GREAT CONTRIBUTION MADE BY ! ,EA/]N ,EUROPEAN ,JEWS TO ! RADICAL MOVEM5T 9 ?IS C\NTRY4 ,?IS BOOK %\LD BE READ NOT ONLY = ITS FACTUAL CONTRIBUTIONS BUT ALSO BECAUSE IT DEMON/RATES ?AT PEOPLE ( MEAG] MEANS 9 A /RANGE C\NTRY1 AGA9/ GREAT OB/ACLES1 CAN C>RY ON GREAT WORK4 ,IT IS ! PEOPLE :O DO ! UNGLAM\R\S BUT 9DISP5SABLE TASKS1 :O >E ! TRUE LIFE'S BLOOD ( EV]Y WOR?:ILE MOVEM5T4 ,?IS BOOK WAS PUBLI%$ BY ! ,ALEX&] ,B]KMAN ,AID ,FUND1 A NONPR(IT ORGANIZATION & ALL PROCE$S FROM ITS SALE 0,9URE TO ,! ,FUND ,= ,POLITICAL ,PRISON]S & ,REFUGEES40 ,A ,LOOK AT ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA BY ,G,W,R ,VISE ,PRESID5T ,NIXON'S DISA/R\S TRIP ?R\< ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA HAS FOCUS$ PUBLIC ATT5TION ON ?AT >EA 9 AWAY 9 :I* ! REC5T DE?RON+ ( SEV]AL DICTATORS HAD FAIL$ TO DO4 ,H[EV]1 ! REAL MOTIVES UND]LY+ ! HATR$ :I* HE 5C\NT]$ HAVE BE5 DELIB]ATELY OBSCUR$ 9 ! 9DIGNANT SPLUTT]+S ( $ITORIAL WRIT]S & POLITICOS 9 ?IS C\NTRY4 ,! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES HAS ALWAYS BE5 AB\T AS POPUL> 9 ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA AS ,5GL& WAS 9 ,AFRICA & ,9DIA1 & = ! SAME REASONS4 ,?IS C\NTRY HAS ALWAYS FOLL[$ AN IMP]IALI/IC POLICY1 BO? POLITICALLY & ECONOMICALLY1 S\? ( ! BORD]4 ,IT WASN'T SO V]Y LONG AGO ?AT ,U4,S4 ,M>9ES W]E FIAGUA1 ,PANAMA & ELSE:]E TO IMPOSE ! WILL ( ,U4,S4 BIG BUS9ESS ON ! RECALCITRANT PEOPLES ( ?OSE C\NTRIES4 ,! LESSON WASN'T LO/ ON ! ,LAT9 ,AM]ICANS1 & JU/ 9 CASE !Y %\LD T5D TO =GET1 !Y HAVE ! ,U4,S4 ,GOV]NM5T'S B>EFAC$ 9T]V5TION 9 ,GUATEMALA TO REM9D !M AGA9 ( ?IS C\NTRY'S REAL 9T5TIONS T[>D !M4 ,& WORSE /ILL1 !Y HAVE SE5 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES S5D+ DOLL>S & GUNS = YE>S TO SUPPORT DICTATORS SU* AS ,ROJAS ,P9ILLA 9 ,COLOMBIA1 ,P]EZ ,JIM5EZ 9 ,V5EZUELA1 ,TRUJILLO 9 ! ,DOM9ICAN ,REPUBLIC & ,BATI/A 9 ,CUBA1 TO CITE ONLY ! MO/ NOTORI\S EXAMPLES4 ,?US ,NIXON1 :O WAS ! SYMBOL ( ,U4,S4 IMP]IALISM :5 HE TRAVEL$ 9 ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA1 HAD TO FACE SOME H>D TRU?S & SOME H>D] /ONES AS ?OSE PEOPLES GAVE V5T TO YE>S ( HATR$ = :AT ?IS C\NTRY HAS DONE TO !M4 ,= TO !M ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES REPRES5TS DICTATOR%IP & SLAV]Y1 JU/ AS SURELY AS ,RUSSIA REPRES5TS ! SAME ?+ 9 H] 5SLAV$ SATELLITES4 ,IF ! PEOPLE ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES DON'T LIKE TO BE HAT$ & 9SULT$1 !N !Y %\LD PUT AN 5D ONCE & = ALL TO ! CAUSES !RE(4 ,A BRIEF RUND[N ON ! PRES5T SITUATION 9 A FEW ,LAT9 ,AM]ICAN C\NTRIES WILL LEAD TO A BETT] UND]/&+ ( ! =CES AT WORK !RE4 ,IT MU/ BE SAID AT ! BEG9N+1 H[EV]1 ?AT ! V>I\S PUTS*ES1 REVOLTS & REVOLUTIONS :I* (T5 SEEM MEAN+LESS AT A DI/ANCE >E NO COMIC OP]A F>CE BUT AN 9TEGRAL P>T ( A BITT] /RUGGLE 9 EV]Y C\NTRY ( ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA AGA9/ ! =CES ( OPPRESSION :I* WILL NOT CEASE UNTIL !SE PEOPLES 5JOY A TRUE FRE$OM4 ,!SE EV5TS >E A TRIBUTE TO ! T\<1 FRE$OM-LOV+ SPIRIT ( ALL ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA4 ,>,G,5,T,9,A ,! OV]?R[ ( ,DICTATOR ,JUAN ,P]ON DID NOT U%] 9 A P]IOD ( TRANQUILITY 9 ?AT C\NTRY4 ,QUITE TO ! CONTR>Y1 IT M]ELY LIFT$ ! LID FROM AN ALREADY DISCONT5T$ PEOPLE4 ,! REGIME :I* FOLL[$ ,P]ON DOES NOT HAVE POPUL> SUPPORT1 BECAUSE ! MILIT>Y-B\RGEOIS =CES :I* \/$ HIM DID SO1 NOT \T ( LOVE = ! PEOPLE1 BUT BECAUSE ,P]ON'S L>GE-SCALE ROBB]Y WAS SPOIL+ !IR [N PRIVATE ?IEV]Y4 ,! PEOPLE DID NOT DEF5D ,P]ON1 BUT NEI!R DID !Y SUPPORT ?OSE :O OPPOS$ HIM4 ,AS SOON AS ! REBELS W]E 9 P[] !Y 9ITIAT$ A S]IES ( DICTATORIAL1 ANTI-LABOR MEASURES ( !IR [N1 & TO BREAK ! RESI/ANCE ( DEMOCRATIC1 9DEP5D5T UNIONS1 !Y /R5G!N$ ! MAMMO?1 BUREAUCRATIC ,CONF$]ACION ,G5]AL DE ,TRABAJADORES1 ,P]ON'S OLD LABOR FRONT4 ,! WORK]S ANSW]$ ) A BITT]LY-F\K$ BY ! AN>*O-SYNDICALI/ ,F$]ACION ,OBR]A ,REGIONAL ,>G5T9A1 & LOCAL /RIKES 9 O!R P>TS ( ! C\NTRY4 ,RESI/ANCE TO ! PRES5T AUTOCRATIC REGIME IS ALSO GR[+ AMONG ! /UD5TS1 :O HAVE DEMON/RAT$ ON V>I\S OCCASIONS !IR SOLID>ITY ) ! WORK]S4 ,*,I,L,I ,?IS C\NTRY /ILL SUFF]S UND] ! RULE ( A DICTATORIAL GOV]NM5T4 ,! MA9 RESI/ANCE TO ?IS /ATE ( AFFAIRS COMES FROM ! ,COMMUNI/-DOM9AT$ UNIONS1 BUT ALL POSITIVE EF=TS T[>D REVOLT >E HOBBL$ BY ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY'S CU/OM>Y ANTI-REVOLUTION>Y TACTICS ( OPPORTUNISM & MY/IFICATION4 ,B,O,L,I,V,I,A ,A REVOLUTION>Y SITUATION /ILL EXI/S 9 ?IS C\NTRY :I* WAS L$ BY A LONG S]IES ( REVOLTS FROM AN AUTOCRATIC REGIME TO ITS PRES5T WEAK1 LEFT-W+ GOV]NM5T4 ,! MILITANT M9]S 9 ,BOLIVIA'S RI* T9 M9ES >E >M$ & VIRTUALLY CONTROL ! C\NTRY ?R\< !IR UNIONS4 ,H[EV]1 ! REVOLUTION LACKS DIRECTION S9CE ! M9]S1 ALL ( :OM >E ,9DIANS :O SPEAK LITTLE OR NO ,SPANI%1 >E 9ACCESSIBLE TO ANY ( ! EXI/+ REVOLUTION>Y & POLITICAL GR\PS4 ,AT ! SAME TIME1 9T]NATIONAL CAPITALISM1 HEAD$ BY ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES IS ATTEMPT+ TO /RANGLE ! REVOLUTION & RE/ORE ! EXPROPRIAT$ T9 B>ONS 7,PAT9O ET AL47 BY BOYCOTT+ ,BOLIVIAN T9 & RE/RICT+ ! C\NTRY'S ECONOMIC CR$IT ABROAD4 ,:]E ?IS SITUATION MAY LEAD HAS YET TO BE SE54 ,P,>,A,G,U,A,Y ,?IS UNHAPPY L& HAS BE5 UND] DICTATOR'S BOOTS DUR+ MO/ ( ITS HI/ORY4 ,H[EV]1 GR[+ GU]RILLA & /UD5T RESI/ANCE MAY 9DICATE ! DAWN ( A BETT] DAY4 ,V,5,E,Z,U,E,L,A ,& ,C,O,L,O,M,B,I,A ,! OV]?R[ ( DICTATOR ,ROJAS ,P9ILLA & ,P]EZ ,JIM9EZ L$ TO UN/ABLE PROVISIONAL GOV]NM5TS 9 BO? C\NTRIES4 ,IT IS AS YET TOO E>LY TO TELL :AT MAY DEVELOP1 BUT ONE ?+ IS CLE>2 ! HATR$ ( BO? PEOPLES = ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 ,ONLY A FEW %ORT MON?S AGO !Y SAW !IR FRI5DS & RELATIVES %OT D[N ) ,U4,S4 >MS :5 !Y REVOLT$ AGA9/ !IR RESPECTIVE DICTATORS4 ,P,A,N,A,M,A ,! ASSASS9ATION ( /RONG-MAN ,JOSE ,ANTONIO ,REMON 9 #aiee L$ TO NO *ANGE 9 ! GOV]NM5T1 :I* IS COMPLETELY CONTROLL$ BY ! ,U4,S4 TO PROTECT ! ,CANAL ,ZONE4 ,N,I,C,>,A,G,U,A ,! ASSASS9ATION ( DICTATOR ,SOMOZA 9 #aief LIKEWISE L$ TO NO *ANGE 9 ! /ATE ( ?+S 9 ?IS /RONGLY ,U4,S4--BACK$ DICTATOR%IP4 ,HIS SON IS N[ DICTATOR4 ,NEV]!LESS1 ! H]OIC EXAMPLE ( ! M>TYR$ TYRANNICIDE1 ,RIGOB]TO ,LOPEZ1 SET ANO!R EXAMPLE = ! 5SLAV$ PEOPLES ( ! WORLD4 ,9CID5TALLY A SPECIAL TEAM ( SURGEONS DISPAT*$ BY ,EIS5H[] FAIL$ TO PAT* UP ,SOMOZA1 :O DI$ ( BULLET W\NDS 9FLICT$ BY ,LOPEZ4 ,A SIMIL> TEAM ( SURGEONS WAS S5T TO ,PANAMA TO PAT* UP ,REMON ) ID5TICAL RESULTS4 ,G,U,A,T,E,M,A,L,A ,A HIMAS1 :O HAD DEPOS$ ,PRESID5T ,>B5Z ,GUZMAN 9 #ai$ 9 A ,U4,S4 BACK$ REVOLT4 ,!RE WAS UND\BT$LY CONSID]ABLE ,COMMUNI/ 9FLU5CE 9 ! ,>B5Z REGIME1 BUT ,COMMUNI/ AID TO ,GUATEMALA WAS RE/RICT$ TO PROPAG&A4 ,REPORTS 9 ! ,U4,S4 PRESS ( ,COMMUNI/ >MS %IPM5TS W]E PROV$ TO BE FALSE :5 ! ,>B5Z REGIME FELL ) ALMO/ NO RESI/ANCE DESPITE /RONG POPUL> SUPPORT DUE TO LACK ( ADEQUATE >MS TO /OP ,CA/ILLO ,>MAS1 :O WAS SUPPLI$ ) ! MO/ MOD]N ,U4,S4 >MAM5T4 ,! REAL MOTIVE BEH9D ,>B5Z' FALL WAS ! EXT5SIVE CONFISCATIONS ( ,UNIT$ ,FRUIT ,COMPANY L& :I* HIS GOV]NM5T WAS DI/RIBUT+ AMONG ! PEASANTS4 ,CA/ILLO ,>MAS' C\P CONSID]ABLY /R5G!N$ ! ,COMMUNI/S 9 ,GUATEMALA & CREAT$ A MO/ UNPLEASANT IMPRESSION 9 ! RE/ ( ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA1 :I* SAW ! B>$ SWORD ( ,U4,S4 MILIT>Y MIY1 #b1 PEOPLE M>*$ ?R\< ! /REETS ( ! CAPITAL ( ,GUATEMALA ON ,MAY ,DAY ( ?IS YE>4 ,C,U,B,A ,A HIY DICTATOR%IP IS1 ON ! ONE H&1 ,FIDEL ,CA/RO'S #b#f? ( ,JULY MOVEM5T1 & ON ! O!R ! ,DIRECTORIO ,REVOLUCION>IO1 A COALITION CONTA9+ /UD5T REPRES5TATION ?R\< !IR ORGANIZATION1 ! ,F4,E4,U41 & V>I\S UNION T5D5CIES4 ,ALSO AMONG ! ANTI-,BATI/A =CES >E SEV]AL SPL9T] P>TIES1 SU* AS EX-,PRESID5T ,PRIO ,SOC>RAS' ,P>TIDO ,REVOLUCION>IO ,CUBANO1 & ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY4 ,( ALL ! GR\PS 9 ! OPPOSITION1 ! MO/ P[]FUL SEEMS TO BE ! #b#f? ( ,JULY1 :I*1 AS A /RONG GU]RILLA =CE 9 ! ,SI]RA ,MAE/RA 9 ,ORI5TE PROV9CE1 A REGION :I* IT PRACTICALLY CONTROLS DUE TO /RONG SUPPORT AMONG ! PEASANTS & WORK]S & C]TA9 SECTORS ( ! MIDDLE CLASS 9 ! CITIES4 ,?IS P>TY IS TOTALIT>IAN 9 NATURE & ITS LEAD]1 ,CA/RO1 HAS ALL ! E>M>KS ( BE+ JU/ ANO!R POLITICAL OPPORTUNI/4 ,= ?IS REASON HE HAS BE5 UNABLE TO GA9 ANY MASS SUPPORT 9 ! RE/ ( ,CUBA1 & P>TICUL>LY 9 ,HAVANA1 :]E HIS GR\PS NEV]!LESS C>RY \T T]RORI/ ACTIVITIES4 ,HIS MILITANTS >E MO/LY Y\NG WORK]S & /UD5TS DISILLUSION$ ) ! OLD] GR\PS4 ,BO? ! ,COMMUNI/S & ! ,CA?OLICS >E TRY+ TO 9FILTRATE ?IS MOVEM5T1 ! LATT] ) SOME SUCCESS4 ,H[EV]1 IF ,CA/RO HAS NO WIDESPREAD POPUL> SUPPORT1 ! SAME IS TRUE ( ! O!R OPPOSITION GR\PS4 ,! BUREAUCRACY ( ! ,CUBAN ,LABOR ,CONF$]ATION 7,C4,T4,C47 HAS BE5 P]V]T$ BY YE>S ( CLASS COLLABORATION & SUPPORT ( ! ,BATI/A DICTATOR%IP4 ,!RE=E1 ?OSE ELEM5TS :O N[ WI% TO OV]?R[ ! DICTATOR F9D ?AT !Y HAVE NO 9FLU5CE AMONG ! WORK]S4 ,?IS WAS DEMON/RAT$ BY ! FAILURE ( ! G5]AL /RIKE CALL$ REC5TLY4 ,9 FACT1 ! ,CUBAN PEOPLE AS A :OLE >E MANIFE/LY DISSATISFI$ ) !IR SELF-APPO9T$ LEAD]S & >E DISILLUSION$ BY ! UN9T]RUPT$ S]IES ( BETRAYALS !Y HAVE BE5 SUBJECT$ TO 9 ! PA/1 & SEE NO REASON :Y !Y %\LD %$ !IR BLOOD TO OV]?R[ ,BATI/A ONLY TO LET ANO!R LITTLE POLITICIAN CLIMB 9TO HIS PLACE4 ,H[EV]1 DESPITE L>GE >MS %IPM5TS FROM ! ,U4,S41 ! ,BATI/A GOV]NM5T IS SO WEAK ?R\< A TOTAL LACK ( POPUL> SUPPORT ?AT IT MAY FALL AT ANY MOM5T1 AS DID ,P]ON'S PAP] REGIME4 ,:AT WILL COME AFT]W>DS IS IMPOSSIBLE TO SAY1 BUT IT IS C]TA9 TO BE ALMO/ AS BAD1 DUE TO ! LACK ( ANY HONORABLE REVOLUTION>Y T5D5CY AMONG ! OPPOSITION :I* C\LD FILL ! VACUUM ,BATI/A WILL LEAVE4 ,D,O,M,9,I,C,A,N ,R,E,P,U,B,L,I,C ,TO 5D ON A SOMB] NOTE WE WILL N[ CONSID] ONE ( ! MO/ TRAGIC CASES 9 ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA4 ,?IS LITTLE ISL& = MORE ?AN #b YE>S HAS BE5 HELD 9 ! IRON FI/ ( ! BLOODY EGOMANIAC ,TRUJILLO1 & HIS DICTATOR%IP IS PROBABLY ONE ( ! /RONGE/ 9 ! WORLD1 NOT EXCEPT+ ! ,COMMUNI/ TYRANNIES4 ,) ! SEA ON ?REE SIDES & A WEAK1 T]RORIZ$ C\NTRY ON ! F\R?1 HE HAS NO TR\BLE GU>D+ HIS BORD]S4 ,) A HUGE POLICE & MILIT>Y =CE HE HAS CRU%$ ALL RESI/ANCE )9 HIS C\NTRY1 & HIS HIR$ GUNM5 T]RORIZE ,DOM9ICAN CITIZ5S RESID+ 9 ,MEXICO1 ,CUBA & ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES 7! ,GAL9DEZ CASE WAS AN EXCELL5T EXAMPLE ( HIS ME?ODS74 ,! AM\NT ( AID GIV5 HIM BY ! ,U4,S4 & HIS EXT5SIVE CONNECTIONS ) ! ,U4,S4 >E N[ NOTORI\S1 BUT MATT]S CONT9UE AS BE=E1 DESPITE COMPLA9TS BY A FEW BRAVE 9DIVIDUALS 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 ,?AT IS A BRIEF SKET* ( ! ,LAT9 ,AM]ICAN PICTURE1 & ! READ] CAN DRAW HIS [N CONCLUSIONS4 ,H[EV]1 ONE LA/ FACTOR MU/ BE T\*$ ON1 & ?AT IS ! ROLE ( ! ,ROMAN ,CA?OLIC ,*UR* 9 !SE AFFAIRS4 ,?IS P[]FUL ORGANIZATION HAS CONSI/5TLY SUPPORT$ ALL ,LAT9 ,AM]ICAN DICTATOR%IPS--SUPPORT$ !M1 ?AT IS1 UNTIL !Y W]E AB\T TO FALL4 ,9 ,>G5T9A1 ,V5EZUELA & ,COLOMBIA ! ,*UR* SUPPORT$ !SE C\NTRIES' TYRANTS UNTIL IT SAW ?AT !IR DAYS W]E NUMB]$1 & !N AT ! LA/ M9UTE MADE A PRET5SE ( OPPOS+ !M1 ATTEMPT+ !REBY TO TAKE CR$IT BO? DOME/ICALLY & ABROAD = !IR FALL4 ,=TUNATELY ?IS MANEUV] WAS NOT V]Y CONV9C+1 ESPECIALLY 9 ! C\NTRIES :]E IT WAS PULL$4 ,& ! SPECTACLE IS MADE ALL ! MORE NAUSEAT+ BY ! ,*UR*'S UNCONDITIONAL SUPPORT ( ! BLOODIE/ BUT*] ( !M ALL1 ,TRUJILLO4 ,BUT !N1 ! ,*UR* IS SURE ?AT HE ISN'T GO+ TO FALL = A LONG TIME4 ,& HE WON'T1 IF ! 0,BLACK ,9T]NATIONAL0 HAS ANY?+ TO SAY AB\T IT4 ,SIDEB> 0,GOV]NM5T IS NOT REASON1 IT IS NOT ELOQU5CE--IT IS =CE6 ,LIKE FIRE1 IT IS A DANG]\S S]VANT & A FE>FUL MA/]40 --,GEORGE ,WA%+TON ,! ,B9EF> ,COLLECTIVE BY ,GA/ON ,LEVAL ,F\R? ( A S]IES ON ! ,SPANI% ,COLLECTIVES3 7REPR9T$ FROM ,RESI/ANCE7 ,9 ! PROV9CE ( ,HUESCA1 ! T[N ( ,B9EF> WAS BEYOND D\BT ! *IEF C5T] ( COLLECTIVIZATION4 ,! QUALITIES ( ITS ,C,N,T MILITANTS HAD E/ABLI%$ !M AS ! GUIDES = A DI/RICT EMBRAC+ #cb VILLAGES1 #bh ( !M :OLLY OR P>TLY COLLECTIVIZ$1 ,9 ,B9EF> ITSELF1 #g ( ! #h PEASANT FAMILIES BELONG$ TO ! ,COLLECTIVE4 ,!RE HAD LONG BE5 A SIZABLE SOCIAL MOVEM5T 9 ,B9EF>1 DESPITE ! FACT ?AT ! SMALL LOCAL 9DU/RIES--MILLS1 FACTORIES1 CLO?+ & %OEMAK+ %OPS1 F\NDRIES1 F>M IMPLEM5T REPAIR %OPS1 ETC4--EMPLOY$ ONLY A T5? ( ! #e1 9HABITANTS4 ,9 ! LOCAL ,C,N,T SYNDICATE MO/ ( ! MEMB]S--:OSE NUMB] HAD RIS5 TO #f 9 ! FIR/ YE>S ( ! #aica ,REPUBLIC--W]E PEASANTS4 ,!RE W]E ECONOMIC FACTS TO ACC\NT = ! PEASANT PR$OM9ANCE4 ,9 ?AT P>T ( ,>AGON NATURE IS FAVORABLE1 & IRRIGATION WELL PLANN$1 BUT ! L& WAS DI/RIBUT$ V]Y UNEQUALLY4 ,( ! #b1 HECT>ES ( PRODUCTIVE L&1 ON :I* HAY1 SUG> BEETS1 VEGETABLES & OLIVES W]E GR[N1 ALL BUT #h W]E HELD BY BIG L&[N]S4 ,ONLY AB\T #a ( ! SMALL [N]S W]E ABLE TO MAKE A LIV+ FROM !IR SMALL PLOTS1 & ! REMA9D] HAD TO WORK ON ! L&S ( ! RI*4 ,! SYNDICATE1 F\ND$ 9 #a#i#a#g1 HAD EXP]I5C$ ! TYPICAL UPS & D[NS2 TIMES ( RELATIVE QUIET1 !N P]SECUTION & SUPPRESSION & IMPRISONM5T ( MILITANTS4 ,:5 ! FASCI/ ?REAT APPE>$ 9 ,JULY1 #a#i#c#f1 \R =CES W]E /ILL DISORGANIZ$ FROM ! LA/ P]SECUTION4 ,NEV]!LESS1 ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I MILITANTS ROSE TO MEET ! DANG]1 & TOOK ! 9ITIATIVE 9 =M+ A REVOLUTION>Y COMMITTEE ON ,JULY #a#h?4 7,! MUNICIPAL AU?ORITIES BELONG$ TO ! ,POPUL> ,FRONT & DID NOT LIKE FASCISM1 BUT !Y W]E *>ACT]I/ICALLY 9CAPABLE ( ACTION2 TWO ,POPUL> ,FRONT REPRES5TATIVES DID S]VE1 H[EV]1 ON ! REVOLUTION>Y COMMITTEE47 ,)9 TWO DAYS ! B>RACKS :]E ! ,CIVIL ,GU>DS HAD RETREAT$ 9 ! FIR/ FIT$ TO HELP LIB]ATE O!R VILLAGES4 ,! FIELDS ( ! BIG L&-[N]S1 :O FL$ TO ,HUESCA AT ! FIR/ SIGN ( ! ANTI-FASCI/ REACTION1 HAD NOT YET BE5 H>VE/$4 ,! REVOLUTION>Y COMMITTEE TOOK POSSESSION ( ! REAP]S & M[]S1 & SUMMON$ ! PEASANTS :O HAD PREVI\SLY WORK$ ON !SE L&S AS LABOR]S4 ,! PEASANTS DECID$ !Y W\LD1 WORK 9 ! 9T]E/S ( ! :OLE VILLAGE4 ,TO ORGANIZE ! WORK !Y =M$ GR\PS & ELECT$ DELEGATES4 ,LAT]1 AFT] ! H>VE/1 9DU/RY WAS SOCIALIZ$1 & EV5TUALLY COMM]CE WAS 9CLUD$4 ,! FOLL[+ >E ! RULES ! POPUL> ASSEMBLY ( COLLECTIVI/S APPROV$3 ,>T4 #a4 ,! WORK %ALL BE C>RI$ ON 9 GR\PS ( #a1 EA* ( :I* %ALL NAME ITS DELEGATE4 77,LAT] MODIFI$ TO SEV5 GR\PS ( #a MEMB]S1 EA* ) A DELEGATE477 ,! DELEGATES %ALL PLAN ! WORK1 & PRES]VE H>MONY AMONG ! PRODUC]S1 & IF NECESS>Y %ALL APPLY ! SANCTIONS VOT$ BY ! ASSEMBLY4 ,>T4 #b4 ,! DELEGATES %ALL FURNI% TO ! AGRICULTURAL COMMISSION A DAILY REPORT ON ! WORK DONE4 ,>T4 #c4 ,A C5TRAL COMMITTEE1 CONSI/+ ( ONE MEMB] FROM EA* BRAN* ( PRODUCTION1 %ALL BE NAM$ BY ! G5]AL ASSEMBLY ( ! ,COMMUNITY4 ,! COMMITTEE %ALL REPORT MON?LY ON CONSUMPTION & PRODUCTION1 & SUPPLY NEWS AB\T O!R ,COLLECTIVES & EV5TS 9 ,SPA9 & ABROAD4 ,>T4 #e4 ,DIRECTORS ( LABOR = ! ,COLLECTIVE %ALL BE ELECT$ BY ! G5]AL ASSEMBLY ( COLLECTIVI/S4 ,>T4 #f4 ,EA* MEMB] %ALL BE GIV5 A RECEIPT = ! GOODS HE BR+S TO ! ,COLLECTIVE4 ,>T4 #g4 ,EA* MEMB] %ALL HAVE ! SAME RI*O-SYNDICALI/ ,C,N,T--,V@&,C $ITORS.>4 ,ALL ?AT IS REQUIR$ IS ?AT !Y ACCEPT COMPLETELY ! DECISIONS ( ! ,COLLECTIVE4 ,>T4 #h4 ,! CAPITAL ( ! ,COLLECTIVE IS P>T ( ! COLLECTIVE PATRIMONY & MAY NOT BE DIVID$ UP4 ,FOOD %ALL BE RATION$1 AP>T BE+ /OR$ AWAY AGA9/ A BAD YE>4 ,>T4 #i4 ,:5 NE$$1 AS = URG5T AGRICULTURAL WORK1 WOM5 MAY BE REQUIR$ TO WORK1 & !Y %ALL DO ! WORK ASSIGN$ TO !M4 ,RIGOR\S CONTROL %ALL BE APPLI$ TO 5SURE ?AT !Y CONTRIBUTE !IR PRODUCTIVE EF=TS TO ! ,COMMUNITY4 ,>T4 #a4 ,NO ONE %ALL WORK BE=E ! AGE ( #a#e1 OR DO HEAVY WORK BE=E #a#f4 ,>T4 #a#a4 ,! G5]AL ASSEMBLY %ALL DET]M9E ! ORGANIZATION ( ! ,COLLECTIVE1 & >RANGE P]IODICAL ELECTIONS ( ! ADM9I/RATIVE COMMISSION4 ,9 ,B9EF> ! ,COLLECTIVE WAS ALL-EMBRAC+4 ,DESPITE ITS PA/ 9FLU5CE & IMPORTANCE1 ! SYNDICATE HAD ALMO/ NO ROLE3 LIFE WON \T OV] DOCTR9E4 ,!RE WASN'T EV5 REALLY A MUNICIPAL ORGANIZATION4 ,AS ! ,SOVIET WAS ! TYPICAL ORGANIZATION ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION1 SO WAS ! ,COLLECTIVE ! TYPICAL ORGANIZATION ( ! ,SPANI% ,REVOLUTION4 ,IT WAS NO LONG] A MATT] ( FIE 9SEP>ABLY CONNECT$2 & !Y >E 9FLU5C$ TOO BY ! ME?OD ( DI/RIBUTION1 ! MORAL IDEAS BEH9D IT4 ,EV]Y?+ IS L9K$ AS ! GE>S 9 A MA*9E1 ,9 ,B9EF> 9DU/RY & AGRICULTURE HAD A JO9T TREASURY1 !RE WAS NO SPIRIT ( CRAFT-SEP>ATISM1 NO RIVALRY1 NO DISP>ITY ( WAGES4 ,AN ADM9I/RATIVE COMMISSION1 COMPOS$ ( A PRESID5T1 A TREASUR]1 A SECRET>Y & TWO C\NCILORS1 SUP]VIS$ ALL ACTIVITIES & KEPT DAILY RECORDS4 ,! WORK-GR\P DELEGATES W]E 9 CON/ANT T\* ) TWO COMRADES ASSIGN$ TO G5]AL SUP]VISION ( WORK4 ,SPECIALIZ$ SECTIONS--METALLURGI/S1 MASONS1 LABOR]S1 ETC4--MET 9DIVIDUALLY TO TAKE UP !IR P>TICUL> PROBLEMS4 ,!SE GR\PS1 OR !IR DELEGATES1 MET ) ! ADM9I/RATIVE COMMISSION AS WAS NECESS>Y4 ,9DU/RIAL PRODUCTION WAS UNIFI$1 ) ALL M5'S CLO!S1 ALL %OES1 ETC41 H5CE=? BE+ MADE 9 ONE %OP4 ,9 CASE ( NE$ ! PEASANTS' SECTION C\LD CALL UPON 9DU/RIAL WORK]S1 9CLUD+ TE*NICIANS1 TO WORK 9 ! FIELDS1 & 9 ! ,JULY #aicg H>VE/1 :5 LABOR WAS %ORT BECAUSE ( W> MOBILIZATION & IT WAS NECESS>Y TO SAVE ! :EAT1 ! CLO?+ WORK]S TOOK P>T4 ,AS ! RULES /AT$1 ! WOM5 COMRADES W]E CALL$ TO HELP ON ! F>MS4 ,!RE W]E LI/S ( M>RI$ & ( S+LE WOM52 ! =M]1 P>TICUL>LY MO!RS1 W]E SELDOM CALL$1 :ILE ! Y\NG WOM5 W]E CALL$ 9 TURN BY ANN\NCEM5T ( ! T[N-CRI] ON ! PREC$+ EV5+4 ,TO PLANT ! BEETS1 GR\PS ( Y\NG GIRLS GA!R$ AT FIVE 9 ! MORN+ & W5T (F S++4 ,SOME W\LD HAVE PREF]R$ TO /AY HOME BUT !Y C\LD DO SO ONLY IF !Y HAD OLD PEOPLE OR V]Y Y\NG *ILDR5 TO LOOK AFT]4 ,EA* DAY ! DELEGATES ( ! V>I\S F>M & 9DU/RIAL GR\PS NOT$ HIS PRES5CE AT WORK 9 EA* WORK]'S BOOKLET4 ,9 ?IS WAY CONTROL WAS EX]CIS$ OV] EV]YONE1 & VIOLATIONS C\LD NOT BE REPEAT$ )\T CALL+ D[N OP5 PUBLIC DISAPPROVAL1 OR ! NECESS>Y DISCIPL9>Y MEASURES4 ,FOOD & O!R GOODS W]E DI/RIBUT$ 9 MUNICIPAL ,/ORES4 ,!RE W]E W9E1 BREAD & OIL COOP]ATIVES1 ONE = DRY GOODS1 ?REE DAIRY /ORES1 ?REE BUT*] %OPS1 A H>DW>E /ORE & A FURNITURE /ORE4 ,BREAD1 OIL1 M$ICAL C>E & H\S+ W]E FREE4 ,EV]Y?+ ELSE WAS B\1 AS 9 MANY O!R ,COMMUNES1 ! WAGE SCALE V>I$ ) ! NUMB] ( P]SONS 9 ! FAMILY1 ON ! PR9CIPLE ?AT CO/ P] HEAD WAS LESS 9 L>GE FAMILIES4 ,9 ,B9EF> ! SCALE WAS #bd PESETAS A WEEK = A S+LE P]SON1 #c PLUS #c = EV]Y *ILD OV] #a YE>S OLD = A M>RI$ C\PLE4 ,A H\SEHOLD ( ?REE ADULTS1 ONE ABLE TO WORK1 PLUS TWO *ILDR51 GOT #de PESETAS2 ! MAXIMUM WAS #g PESETAS = A FAMILY ( #a#a4 ,! VALUE ( ! LOCAL MONEY DID NOT FLUCTUATE1 AS IT DID 9 O!R ,COMMUNES1 ) ! VALUE ( ! (FICIAL PESETA4 ,PREVI\SLY ! AV]AGE WAGE HAD BE5 #g PESETAS A DAY1 OR #db A WEEK1 BUT !RE W]E ALWAYS MON?S ( UNEMPLOYM5T1 ESPECIALLY 9 W9T]1 & ONLY ! HIR$ H&S HAD LIV$ HALF-WAY DEC5TLY4 ,N[1 BREAD1 OIL1 M$ICAL C>E & R5T DID NOT HAVE TO BE PAID =1 EA* P]SON HAD A PIECE ( L& TO RAISE :ATEV] FOOD HE WANT$ TO2 & ELECTRICITY & TELEPHONES W]E 9/ALL$ ?R\<\T ! REGION4 ,AS ! CAPITAL ( ITS DI/RICT1 ,B9EF> C5TRALIZ$ TRADE AMONG ITS #cb VILLAGES4 ,EA* 9=M$ ! (FICE ( COMM]CE :AT SURPLUS FOOD IT HAD4 ,FROM ,OCTOB] TO ,DECEMB]1 #a#i#c#f1 #e MILLION PESETAS WOR? ( GOODS W]E EX*ANG$ ) O!R COLLECTIVES 9 ,>AGON & ,CATALONIA1 9CLUD+ #h ?\S& PESETAS ( SUG> & #g ?\S& ( OIL4 ,!SE FIGURES >E SOME:AT MISLEAD+1 BECAUSE MEAT WAS V]Y %ORT 9 ,B9EF>1 & SOMETIMES POTATOES W]E ALSO4 ,= ?IS ! W>1 & NOT ! ,COLLECTIVE WAS TO BLAME4 ,! DI/RICT WAS EXTREMELY G5]\S4 ,AB&ON$ BY ! ,GOV]NM5T1 ! MILITIAM5 LACK$ FOOD4 ,B9EF> GAVE EV]Y?+ IT C\LD1 S5D+ #c TO #d TONS ( FOOD TO ! FRONT EV]Y WEEK4 ,ON ONE OCCASION ! DI/RICT GAVE ,MADRID #cd TONS1 9 ADDITION TO ! REGUL> CONSIGNM5TS4 ,9 A S+LE DAY #cf ?\S& PESETAS ( OIL W]E S5T TO ! ,ORTIZ1 ,DURRUTI & ,ASCASO COLUMNS4 ,! G5]OSITY ( ! ,COLLECTIVE DID NOT FLAG4 ,9 ,JUNE1 #a#i#c#g1 ,I ATT5D$ A DI/RICT CONGRESS :]E A GRAVE PROBLEM HAD COME UP4 ,! H>VE/ WAS AT H&1 SACKS1 WIRE1 GAS & MA*9]Y W]E NE$$ TO DI/RIBUTE AMONG ! VILLAGES1 & !Y W\LD CO/ HUNDR$S ( ?\S&S ( PESETAS ?AT ! ,COLLECTIVES DID NOT HAVE4 ,IT SEEM$ ?AT ! ONLY WAY TO GET ! MONEY WAS TO SELL ! FOOD/UFFS NORMALLY DONAT$ TO ! SOLDI]S4 ,EI!R LOSE A GOOD P>T ( ! CROP OR ELSE NOT S5D ! FREE FOOD4 ,! ASSEMBLY *OSE UNANIM\SLY TO TRY TO F9D ANO!R SOLUTION4 ,!Y S5T A DELEGATION TO ! ,GOV]NM5T 9 ,VAL5CIA4 ,?IS EF=T WAS =$OOM$3 ! AB&ONM5T ( ! COMBATANTS ON ! ,>AGON FRONT WAS A CALCULAT$ PLAN ( ! CAB9ET MAJORITY 7,L>GO ,CABALL]O WAS 9 P[] AT ! TIME7 :O HOP$ ?AT 9 DESP]ATION ! MILITIAM5 W\LD SACK ! ,COLLECTIVES4 ,! MA*9ATIONS ( ! REACTION>IES FELL ?R\<4 ,SOLID>IDAD ,OBR]A ( ,B>CELONA PUBLI%$ AN APPEAL TO ! MILITIAM51 ADVIS+ !M ( ! SITUATION & ASK+ !M TO S5D P>T ( !IR PAY TO HELP ! PEASANTS4 ,HUNDR$S ( ?\S&S ( PESETAS W]E S5T TO ! ,COLLECTIVES1 & ! H>VE/ WAS SAV$4 ,?\< ! PLANT+ ( GRA91 = EXAMPLE1 WAS 9CREAS$ BY #c P] C5T1 ! %ORTAGE ( SOME PRODUCTS IS NOT SURPRIS+1 CONSID]+ ! L>GE NUMB] ( M5 MOBILIZ$1 & ! #e MILITIAM5 QU>T]$ P]MAN5TLY 9 ,B9EF> & PROVISION$ BY ! T[N4 ,SOLID>ITY EXT5D$ TO O!R PHASES ( LIFE4 ,ONE LOCAL DOCTOR HAD BELONG$ TO ! ,C,N,T1 & HE WAS ABLE TO P]SUADE ! MAJORITY ( HIS COLLEAGUES 9 ,>AGON TO GO ALONG ) HIM4 ,HE PUT HIMSELF AT ! DISPOSAL ( ! POPULATION4 ,! T[N PH>MACY WAS SOCIALIZ$4 ,A HOSPITAL1 PAID = & MA9TA9$ BY GIFTS 9 FOOD & MONEY1 WAS BUILT = ! DI/RICT & EQUIPP$ ) ! ESS5TIALS4 ,SOME #d B$S HAD BE5 9/ALL$ :5 ,I WAS !RE4 ,AN EXCELL5T ,CATALAN SURGEON CAME TO HELP \T4 ,!Y W]E BUILD+ A PAVILION = G5]AL M$IC9E1 & ONE = PREV5TION & HYGI5E :]E !RE W]E TO BE P$IATRIC & V5]EAL DISEASE SECTIONS4 ,GYNECOLOGY WAS A SUBJECT ( GREAT 9T]E/3 TIL !N1 BIR?S HAD BE5 ATT5D$ BY WOM5 :O LACK$ ! TE*NICAL MEANS = DIFFICULT CASES4 ,AMONG HIS COMRADES 9 O!R ,COMMUNES1 ! ,CATALAN SURGEON 9ITIAT$ A CAMPAIGN TO HAVE WOM5 S5T TO ! HOSPITAL :5 AB\T TO GIVE BIR?1 TO SAFEGU>D ! HEAL? ( MO!R & *ILD4 ,! ORGANIZATION ( ! HOSPITAL WAS1 TO BE SURE1 ! WORK ( ! TWO DOCTORS :O D$ICAT$ SU* 5?USIASM TO IT2 BUT IT WAS ALSO ! CREATION ( ! ,COLLECTIVE :I* TOOK ! 9ITIATIVE & SUPPORT$ IT F9ANCIALLY4 ,MILITIAM5 W]E C>$ = ! SAME AS CIVILIANS--EV]Y?+ WAS FREE4 ,! SPIRIT ( SOLID>ITY EXT5D$ BEYOND ! DI/RICT1 & SICK' PEOPLE CAME FROM ALL OV]4 ,!RE WAS1 9 ADDITION1 A CONSULTATION S]VICE :I* H&L$ SOME #be PATI5TS DAILY4 ,! M9ORITY ( SMALL L&-[N]S :O *OSE TO WORK !IR [N L&S W]E NOT H9D]$4 ,NONE1 H[EV]1 WAS ALL[$ TO [N MORE L& ?AN HE C\LD WORK4 ,LIKE4 ! RE/1 ! 9DIVIDUALI/S HAD A BOOKLET :I* RECORD$ !IR RECEIPTS & CONTRIBUTIONS & H[ MU* !Y W]E /ILL 5TITL$ TO PUR*ASE4 ,9 ! ASSEMBLY ! 9DIVIDUALI/S DISCUSS$ ! PROBLEM ( RATION+ ON AN EQUAL BASIS ) ! COLLECTIVI/S1 & !REBY CONV9C$ !MSELVES ?AT ! LIMITS SET BY ! FOOD COMMISSION W]E NOT 9V5T$ = !IR ANNOYANCE BUT W]E ! G5]AL RULE4 ,I DO NOT SAY !RE W]E NO EXCEPTIONS TO ! G5]AL SPIRIT ( ! ,COLLECTIVE4 ,I REMEMB] A DISPUTE BETWE5 A WOMAN ( #e & A COMRADE ASSIGN$ TO CONTROL LABOR & H\S+4 ,%E LIV$ ) H] HUSB&1 !IR SON1 DAUATELY60 ,?IS COMRADE HAD ! S\L ( A *ILD1 A VOICE ( ?UND]1 & ! HE>T ( A LION4 ,HE >GU$ HIS BE/ TO P]SUADE H] TO GIVE UP H] DEM&4 ,F9ALLY %E LEFT4 ,I ASK$ ! DELEGATE :Y HE HAD REFUS$4 ,HE TOLD ME ?AT1 S9CE ! RATE ( PAY DIM9I%$ AS ! NUMB] 9 ! FAMILY 9CREAS$1 SOME FAMILIES 9 :I* MAT]IAL 9T]E/ PR$OM9AT$ AGRE$ ON A FEIGN$ SEP>ATION 9 ORD] TO GET MORE 9COME4 ,! CASE HAD ALREADY BE5 LOOK$ 9TO4 ,9 ! CIRCUM/ANCES1 ! %ORTAGE ( H\SES MADE IT \T ( ! QUE/ION4 ,! 9CID5T WAS M9OR1 BUT !RE W]E O!RS LIKE IT1 ,! DIRECTORS ( ! ,COLLECTIVE HAD TO FACE UP TO ALL !SE TR\BLES1 TO T\*-&-GO FOOD PROBLEMS1 TO ! ANTI-COLLECTIVI/ M9ORITY 7,U,G,T1 ,COMMUNI/1 ETC474 ,IT IS IMPOSSIBLE NOT TO ADMIRE !SE M5 :O GAVE !MSELVES TO ! CAUSE ) ABNEGATION1 & KNEW H[ TO GET SO MU* DONE 9 A %ORT TIME & ! BE/ WAY4 0,LIB]AT$0 ,TUNISIA ,9 ! >TICLE 0,NATIONAL ,9DEP5D5CE ,IS ,NOT ,5\<0 7,VIEWS & ,COMM5TS1 ,AUGU/1 #a#i#e#h71 WE PO9T$ \T ?AT ! NOTION ?AT NATIONAL 9DEP5D5CE WAS SYNONYM\S ) PROGRESS WAS A DANG]\S ILLUSION4 ,WE TRI$ TO EXPLA9 ?AT IT WAS A REACTION>Y DOCTR9E1 ANEW !OLOGY1 :I* P]PETUATES ! GREATE/ 5EMY ( FRE$OM & JU/ICE--! RELIGION ( ! ,/ATE4 ,TO ILLU/RATE ! PO9T1 WE QUOT$ ! REPORT ( ,J4,P4 ,F9IDORI1 ONE ( ! F\ND]S ( ! ,TUNISIAN ,G5]AL ,CONF$]ATION ( ,LABOR4 ,HIS REM>KS HAVE BE5 CONFIRM$ BY A DISPAT* FROM ! CORRESPOND5T ( ! ,N4,Y4 ,TIMES1 ,?OMAS ,F4 ,BRADY1 DAT$ ,SEPT4 #a#a1 #a#i#e#h4 ,SPACE =BIDS ! 9S]TION ( ! :OLE DISPAT*4 ,H]E >E4 SOME EXTRACTS3 0,T,U,N,I,S1 ,SEPT4 #a#a--,! LIB]AL ,TUNISIAN NEWSPAP] ,L',ACTION B[$ TODAY TO PRESSURE FROM ! C\NTRY'S AU?ORIT>IAN1 ONE-P>TY REGIME & AGRE$ TO SUSP5D PUBLICATION AFT] A F9AL APPE>ANCE NEXT ,SUNDAY4 0,PRESID5T ,B\RGUIBA1 EFFECTIVELY ! MA/] ( ,TUNISIA1 IS UND]/OOD TO HAVE TAK5 EXCEPTION TO AN >TICLE PUBLI%$ LA/ ,SUNDAY BY ,L',ACTION DECL>+ ?AT PROSECUTION ( =M] ,PREMI] ,TAH> B5 ,AMM> UND] AN ILL-GOTT5 GA9S LAW WAS A 'FALSE QU>REL' ?AT 'DIM9I%ES ,TUNISIA'S /ATURE AT HOME & ABROAD4' 0,! AFFAIR HAS DEEPLY DI/URB$ ,TUNISIAN LIB]ALS :O1 ?R\< NATIONAL SOLID>ITY 9 ! FACE ( EXT]NAL ?REAT1 HAVE UNTIL N[ JU/IFI$ ! GR[+ AU?ORIT>IANISM ( ! ,B\RGUIBA REGIME4 0,L',ACTION1 ,FR5*-LANGUAGE NEWSPAP] $IT$ BY ! ',Y\NG ,TURKS' ( ! P>TY1 HAS BE5 VIRTUAL GOSPEL TO ! Y\NG] ELEM5TS ( ! P>TY BECAUSE IT HAS BE5 ! MO/ \TSPOK5 & BE/ READ POLITICAL NEWSPAP] PUBLI%$ 9 NATIONALI/ ,NOR? ,AFRICA4 ,IT HAS NEV] ATTACK$ ,MR4 ,B\RGUIBA1 & 9DE$ HAS G5]ALLY GIV5 5?USIA/IC SUPPORT TO HIS POLICIES1 FREQU5TLY URG+ VIGOR RA!R ?AN MOD]ATION40 ,?IS %\LD S]VE AS A W>N+ TO ALL LIB]ALS1 ALL Y\NG REVOLUTION>IES EV]Y:]E1 :O1 9 ! 9T]E/S ( A DI/ORT$ S5SE ( SOLID>ITY GO BACK ON !IR PR9CIPLES & SUPPORT AU?ORIT>IAN PRACTICE4 ,?IS MISDIRECT$ IDEALISM EXP$ITES DICTATOR%IP & 5DS ) ! LIQUIDATION ( BO? ! REVOLUTION & ITS MISGUID$ SUPPORT]S4 ,:AT ,WE ,/& ,= ,TWO GREAT P[] BLOCS /RUGGLE = WORLD DOM9ATION4 ,NEI!R ( !SE REPRES5TS ! TRUE 9T]E/S & WELF>E ( ,HUMANITY4 ,!IR CONFLICT ?REAT5S MANK9D ) ATOMIC DE/RUCTION4 ,UND]LY+ BO? ( !SE BLOCS >E 9/ITUTIONS ?AT BRE$ EXPLOITATION1 9EQUALITY & OPPRESSION4 ,)\T TRY+ TO LEGISLATE = ! FUTURE WE FEEL ?AT WE CAN 9DICATE ! G5]AL L9ES ALONG :I* A SOLUTION TO !SE PROBLEMS CAN BE F\ND4 ,! EXPLOITATIVE SOCIETIES ( TODAY MU/ BE REPLAC$ BY A NEW LIB]T>IAN WORLD :I* WILL PROCLAIM ,EQUAL FRE$OM = ALL 9 A FREE SOCIALI/ SOCIETY4 0,FRE$OM0 )\T SOCIALISM LEADS TO PRIVILEGE & 9JU/ICE2 0,SOCIALISM0 )\T FRE$OM IS TOTALIT>IAN4 ,! MONOPOLY ( P[] :I* IS ! /ATE MU/ BE REPLAC$ BY A WORLD-WIDE F$]ATION ( FREE COMMUNITIES1 LABOR C\NCILS &_/OR COOP]ATIVES OP]AT+ ACCORD+ TO ! PR9CIPLES ( FREE AGREEM5T4 ,! GOV]NM5T ( M5 MU/ BE REPLAC$ BY A FUNCTIONAL SOCIETY BAS$ ON ! ADM9I/RATION ( ?+S4 ,C5TRALISM1 :I* MEANS REGIM5TATION FROM ! TOP D[N1 MU/ BE REPLAC$ BY F$]ALISM1 :I* MEANS COOP]ATION FROM ! BOTTOM UP4 ,! ,L,I,B,],T,>,I,A,N ,L,E,A,G,U,E WILL NOT ACCEPT ! OLD SOCIO-POLITICAL CLI*ES1 BUT WILL BOLDLY EXPLORE NEW ROADS :ILE EXAM9+ ANEW ! OLD MOVEM5TS1 DRAW+ FROM !M ALL ?AT :I* TIME & EXP]I5CE HAS PROV5 TO BE VALID4 ,LIB]T>IAN ,C5T] #hf ,EA/ #a? ,/4 7BETWE5 ,?IRD & ,F\R? ,AVES47 ,N,E,W ,Y,O,R,K ,C,I,T,Y ,R,\,N,D ,T,A,B,L,E ,Y,\,? ,D,I,S,C,U,S,S,I,O,N,S ,E,V,],Y ,F,R,I,D,A,Y ,A,T #h ,D9N] & SOCIAL ON ! ?IRD ,SATURDAY ( EV]Y MON? AT #g3#c ,P,M ,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 ,*RONOLOGY 3 ,SEPTEMB] #c1 #aieh 3 ,VIEWS @& ,COMM5TS #ca -- ,PUBLICATION4 ,APRIL #b#e1 #bb 3 ,VIEWS @& ,COMM5TS #ca -- ,ADD$4 ,JANU>Y #d1 #bbb 3 ,VIEWS @& ,COMM5TS #ca -- ,UPDAT$4 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3 HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/