,VIOL5CE AS A ,SOCIAL ,FACTOR 

#ahie 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,]RICO ,MALATE/A 

,TEXT 3 

,VIOL5CE1 I4E41 PHYSICAL =CE US$ TO ANO!R'S HURT1 :I* IS ! MO/ BRUTAL =M ! /RUGGLE BETWE5 M5 CAN ASSUME1 IS EM95TLY CORRUPT+4 ,IT T5DS1 BY ITS V]Y NATURE1 TO SUFFOCATE ! BE/ S5TIM5TS ( MAN1 & TO DEVELOP ALL ! ANTI-SOCIAL QUALITIES3 F]OCITY1 HATR$1 REV5GE1 ! SPIRIT ( DOM9ATION & TYRANNY1 CONTEMPT ( ! WEAK1 S]VILITY T[>DS ! /RONG4 

,& ?IS H>MFUL T5D5CY >ISES ALSO :5 VIOL5CE IS US$ = A GOOD 5D4 ,! LOVE ( JU/ICE :I* IMPELL$ ONE TO ! /RUGGLE1 AMID ALL ! GOOD ORIG9AL 9T5TIONS1 IS NOT SUFFICI5T GU>ANTEE AGA9/ ! DEPRAV+ 9FLU5CE EX]T$ BY VIOL5CE ON ! M9D & ACTIONS ( HIM :O USES IT4 ,9 ! :IRL ( BATTLE ONE TOO (T5 LOSES SI<T ( ! GOAL = :I* ONE FI<TS1 & ONE ONLY ?9KS ( RETURN+1 A HUNDR$-FOLD IF POSSIBLE1 ! BL[S RECEIV$2 & :5 AT LA/ VICTORY CR[NS ! EF=TS ( ! P>TY :O F\<T = JU/ICE & HUMANITY IT IS ALREADY CORRUPT & 9CAPABLE ( REALIZ+ ! PROGRAM BY :I* IT WAS 9SPIR$4 

,H[ MANY M5 :O 5T] ON A POLITICAL /RUGGLE 9SPIR$ ) ! LOVE ( HUMANITY1 ( LIB]TY1 & ( TOL]ATION1 5D BY BECOM+ CRUEL & 9EXORABLE PROSCRIB]S4 

,H[ MANY SECTS HAVE />T$ ) ! IDEA ( DO+ A WORK ( JU/ICE 9 PUNI%+ SOME OPPRESSOR :OM (FICIAL 0JU/ICE0 C\LD NOT OR W\LD NOT /RIKE1 HAVE 5D$ BY BECOM+ ! 9/RUM5TS ( PRIVATE V5GEANCE & BASE CUPIDITY4 

,& ! ,AN>*I/S :O REBEL AGA9/ EV]Y SORT ( OPPRESSION & /RUGGLE = ! 9TEGRAL LIB]TY ( EA* & :O \<T ?US TO %R9K 9/9CTIVELY FROM ALL ACTS ( VIOL5CE :I* CEASE TO BE M]E RESI/ANCE TO OPPRESSION & BECOME OPPRESSIVE 9 !IR TURN 4 44 ALSO >E LIABLE TO FALL 9TO ! ABYSS ( BRUTAL =CE4 

,FACTS HAVE PROV$ ?AT ! ,AN>*I/S >E NOT FREE FROM ! ]RORS & FAULTS ( AU?ORIT>IAN P>TIES1 & ?AT1 9 !IR CASE AS 9 ?AT ( ! RE/ ( HUMANITY1 ATAVI/IC 9/9CTS & ! 9FLU5CE ( ! 5VIRONM5T >E (T5 /RONG] ?AN ! BE/ !ORIES & NOBLE/ 9T5TIONS4 

,! EXCITEM5T CAUS$ BY SOME REC5T EXPLOSIONS & ! ADMIRATION = ! C\RAGE ) :I* ! BOMB-?R[]S FAC$ DEA?1 SUFFIC$ TO CAUSE MANY ,AN>*I/S TO =GET !IR PROGRAM1 & TO 5T] ON A PA? :I* IS ! MO/ ABSOLUTE NEGATION ( ALL AN>*I/ IDEAS & S5TIM5TS4 

,HATR$ & REV5GE SEEM$ TO HAVE BECOME ! MORAL BASIS ( ,AN>*ISM4 0,! B\RGEOISIE DOES AS BAD & WORSE40 ,SU* IS ! >GUM5T ) :I* !Y TRI$ TO JU/IFY & EXALT EV]Y BRUTAL DE$4 

0,! MASSES >E BRUTALIZ$2 WE MU/ =CE \R IDEAS ON !M BY VIOL5CE40 0,ONE HAS ! RI<T TO KILL ?OSE :O PREA* FALSE !ORIES40 0,! MASSES ALL[ US TO BE OPPRESS$2 LET US REV5GE \RSELVES ON ! MASSES40 0,! MORE WORK]S ONE KILLS ! FEW] SLAVES REMA940 ,SU* >E ! IDEAS CURR5T 9 C]TA9 ,AN>*I/ CIRCLES4 ,AN ,AN>*I/ REVIEW1 9 A CONTROV]SY ON ! DIFF]5T T5D5CIES ( ! ,AN>*I/ MOVEM5T1 REPLI$ TO A COMRADE ) ?IS UNANSW]ABLE >GUM5T3 0,!RE WILL BE BOMBS = Y\ ALSO40 

,IT IS TRUE ?AT !SE ULTRA-AU?ORIT>IANS1 :O SO /RANGELY P]SI/ 9 CALL+ !MSELVES ,AN>*I/S1 >E BUT A SMALL FRACTION :O ACQUIR$ A MOM5T>Y IMPORTANCE [+ TO EXCEPTIONAL CIRCUM/ANCES4 ,BUT WE MU/ REMEMB] ?AT1 G5]ALLY SPEAK+1 !Y 5T]$ ! MOVEM5T 9SPIR$ ) ?OSE FEEL+S ( LOVE & RESPECT = ! LIB]TY ( O!RS :I* DI/+UI% ! TRUE ,AN>*I/1 & ONLY 9 CONSEQU5CE ( A SORT ( MORAL 9TOXICATION PRODUC$ BY ! VIOL5T /RUGGLE1 !Y GOT TO DEF5D & EXTOLL ACTS & MAXIMS WOR?Y ( ! GREATE/ TYRANTS4 ,NOR MU/ WE =GET ?AT WE HAVE ALL1 OR NE>LY ALL1 RUN ! SAME DANG]1 & ?AT IF MO/ ( US HAVE /OPP$ 9 TIME IT IS P]HAPS DUE TO !SE MAD EXAGG]ATIONS :I* HAVE %[N US BE=EH& 9TO :AT AN ABYSS WE W]E 9 DANG] ( FALL+4 

,?US ! DANG] ( BE+ CORRUPT$ BY ! USE ( VIOL5CE1 & ( DESPIS+ ! PEOPLE1 & BECOM+ CRUEL AS WELL AS FANATICAL P]SECUTORS1 EXI/S = ALL4 ,& IF 9 ! COM+ REVOLUTION ?IS MORAL DEGRADATION ( ! ,AN>*I/S W]E TO PREVAIL ON A L>GE SCALE1 :AT W\LD BECOME ( ,AN>*I/ IDEAS8 ,& :AT W\LD BE ! \TCOME ( ! ,REVOLUTION8 

,LET US NOT CONSID] HUMANITY AS A METAPHYSICAL CONCEPTION DEVOID ( REALITY1 & LET US NOT TRANS=M ! LOVE ( O!RS 9TO A CONT9U\S1 ABSURD1 & IMPOSSIBLE SELF-SACRIFICE4 

,HUMANITY IS ! SLIM TOTAL ( HUMAN UNITS1 & EV]YONE :O DEF5DS 9 HIMSELF ?OSE RI<TS :I* HE RECOGNIZES 9 O!RS1 DEF5DS !M TO ! ADVANTAGE ( ALL4 

,ALTRUISM CANNOT GO BEYOND LOV+ O!RS AS ONE LOVES ONESELF1 O!RWISE IT CEASES TO BE A PRACTICAL REALITY1 & BECOMES A MI/Y IDEA :I* MAY ATTRACT SOME M9DS 9CL9$ TO MY/ICISM1 BUT CAN C]TA9LY NOT BECOME A MORAL LAW TO BE LIV$ UP TO4 

,! OBJECT ( ! IDEALLY MORAL MAN IS ?AT ALL M5 MAY HAVE AS LITTLE SUFF]+ & AS SU* JOY AS POSSIBLE4 

,SUPPOS+ ! PR$OM9ANT 9/9CT ( SELF-PRES]VATION BE ELIM9AT$1 ! MO4-AL MAN1 :5 OBLIG$ TO FI<T1 %\LD ACT 9 SU* FA%ION ?AT ! TOTAL ILL 9FLICT$ ON ! DIV]SE COMBATANTS BE AS SMALL AS POSSIBLE4 ,CONSEQU5TLY HE %\LD NOT DO ANO!R A GREAT EVIL TO AVOID SUFF]+ A SMA,IL ONE4 ,= 9/ANCE HE %\LD NOT KILL A MAN TO AVOID BE+ PUN*$2 BUT HE W\LD NOT HESITATE TO BREAK HIS LEGS IF HE C\LD NOT DO O!RWISE TO PREV5T HIS KILL+ HIM4 ,& :5 IT IS A QUE/ION ( LIKE EVILS1 SU* AS KILL+ SO AS NOT TO BE KILL$1 EV5 !N IT SEEMS TO ME ?AT IT IS AN ADVANTAGE TO SOCIETY ?AT ! AGGRESSOR %\LD DIE RA!R ?AN ! AGGRESS$4 

,BUT IF SELF-DEF5SE IS A RI<T ONE MAY R5\NCE1 ! DEF5SE ( O!RS AT ! RISK ( HURT+ ! AGGRESSOR IS A DUTY ( SOLID>ITY4 

,IS IT TRUE ?AT ! MASSES CAN EMANCIPATE !MSELVES TODAY )\T RESORT+ TO VIOL5T MEANS8 

,TODAY1 ABOVE ! GREAT MAJORITY ( MANK9D :O D]IVE A SCANTY LIVELIHOOD BY !IR LABOR OR :O DIE ?R\< WANT ( WORK1 !RE EXI/S A PRIVILEG$ CLASS1 :O1 HAV+ MONOPOLIZ$ ! MEANS ( EXI/5CE & ! MANAGEM5T ( SOCIAL 9T]E/S1 %AMEFULLY EXPLOIT ! =M] & D5Y ! LATT] ! MEANS ( WORK & LIFE4 ,?IS CLASS1 :O >E 9FLU5C$ SOLELY BY A ?IR/ = P[] & PR(IT1 %[ NO 9CL9ATION 7AS FACTS PROVE7 TO VOLUNT>ILY R5\NCE !IR PRIVILEGES1 & TO M]GE !IR PRIVATE 9T]E/S 9 ! COMMON GOOD4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 IT IS EV] >M+ ITSELF ) MORE P[]FUL MEANS ( REPRESSION1 & SY/EMATICALLY USES VIOL5CE NOT ONLY TO *ECK EV]Y DIRECT ATTACK ON !IR PRIVILEGES1 BUT ALSO TO CRU% 9 ! BUD EV]Y MOVEM5T1 EV]Y PACIFIC ORGANIZATION1 :OSE GR[? MI<T 5DANG] !IR P[]4 

,:AT MEANS DOES ,BELL ADVISE = GETT+ \T ( ?IS SITUATION8 

,PROPAG&A1 ORGANIZATION1 MORAL RESI/ANCE8 ,C]TA9LY !SE >E ! ESS5TIAL FACTORS 9 SOCIAL EVOLUTION1 & IT IS FROM !M ?AT WE MU/ />T1 & )\T !SE REVOLUTION>Y VIOL5CE W\LD BE S5SELESS1 NAY IMPOSSIBLE4 

,BE,IL ADMITS ! RI<T ( ! WORK]S TO BREAK 9 ! DOORS ( A FACTORY 9 ORD] TO SEIZE ! MA*9]Y1 BUT HE DOES NOT RECOGNIZE !IR RI<T TO 9JURE ! FACTORY-[N]4 ,& 9 ?IS HE IS RI<T IF ! [N] %\LD ALL[ ! WORK]S TO PROCE$ )\T OPPOS+ !M ) =CE4 ,BUT UN=TUNATELY ! POLICEM5 WILL COME ) !IR TRUN*EONS & REVOLV]S4 ,:AT %\LD ! WORK]S DO !N8 ,%\LD !Y ALL[ !MSELVES TO BE TAK5 & S5T TO PRISON8 ,?AT IS A GAME ONE SOON GETS TIR$ (4 

,BELL C]TA9LY ADMITS ?AT ! WORK]S HAVE ! RI<T TO ORGANIZE = ! DEFEAT ( ! B\RGEOISIE BY MEANS ( A G5]AL /RIKE4 ,BUT :AT IF ! GOV]NM5T S5DS D[N SOLDI]S TO SLAU<T] !M8 ,OR :AT IF ! B\RGEOISIE1 :I* AFT] ALL CAN AF=D TO WAIT1 HOLDS \T8 ,IT WILL BE ABSOLUTELY NECESS>Y = ! /RIK]S1 IF !Y DO NOT WI% TO BE />V$ \T AT ! 5D ( ! SECOND DAY1 TO SEIZE ON FOOD :]EV] !Y CAN F9D IT1 & AS IT WILL NOT BE GIV5 UP TO !M )\T RESI/ANCE1 !Y WILL BE OBLIG$ TO TAKE IT BY =CE4 ,SO !Y WILL EI!R HAVE TO FI<T OR CONSID] !MSELVES AS CONQU]$4 

,9 REALITY ,BELL'S ]ROR CONSI/S 9 ?IS1 ?AT :ILE DISCUSS+ ! ME?ODS ( ATTA9+ AN IDEAL HE PRESUPPOSES ?AT ! IDEAL IS ALREADY ATTA9$4 

,IF IT W]E REALLY POSSIBLE TO PROGRESS PEACEFULLY1 IF ! P>TISANS ( A SOCIAL SY/EM DIFF]5T TO ?AT :I* WE DESIRE DID NOT =CE US TO SUBMIT TO IT1 !N WE MI<T SAY ?AT WE W]E LIV+ UND] ,AN>*Y4 

,=1 :AT IS ,AN>*Y8 ,WE DO NOT WI% TO IMPOSE ON O!RS ANY H>D & FA/ SY/EM1 NOR DO WE PRET5D1 AT LEA/ ,I DO NOT1 TO POSSESS ! SECRET ( A P]FECT SOCIAL SY/EM4 ,WE WI% ?AT EA* SOCIAL GR\P BE ABLE1 )9 ! LIMITS IMPOS$ BY ! LIB]TY ( O!RS1 TO EXP]IM5T ON ! MODE ( LIFE :I* IT BELIEVES TO BE ! BE/1 & WE BELIEVE 9 ! EFFICACY ( P]SUASION & EXAMPLE4 ,IF SOCIETY DID NOT D5Y US ?IS RI<T WE %\LD HAVE NO RI<T TO COMPLA91 & WE W\LD SIMPLY HAVE TO /RIVE TO MAKE \R SY/EM ! MO/ SUCCESSFUL1 SO AS TO PROVE ?AT IT WAS ! BETT]4 ,IT IS ONLY BECAUSE TODAY ONE CLASS HAS ! MONOPOLY ( P[] & RI*ES1 & IS !RE=E ABLE TO =CE ! PEOPLE1 AT ! 5D ( A BAYONET1 TO WORK = IT1 ?AT WE HAVE ! RI<T1 & ?AT IT IS \R DUTY1 TO FI<T = ATTA9+1 ) ! AID ( =CE1 ?OSE CONDITIONS :I* R5D] IT POSSIBLE TO EXP]IM5T ON BETT] =MS ( SOCIETY4 

,9 %ORT IT IS \R DUTY TO CALL ATT5TION TO ! DANG]S ATT5DANT ON ! USE ( VIOL5CE1 TO 9SI/ ON ! PR9CIPLE ( ! 9VIOLABILITY ( HUMAN LIFE1 TO COMBAT ! SPIRIT ( HATR$ & REV5GE1 & TO PREA* LOVE & TOL]ATION4 ,BUT TO BL9D \RSELVES TO ! TRUE CONDITIONS ( ! /RUGGLE1 TO R5\NCE ! USE ( =CE = ! PURPOSE ( REPELL+ & ATTACK+ =CE1 RELY+ ON ! FANCIFUL EFFICACY ( 0PASSIVE RESI/ANCE10 & 9 ! NAME ( A MY/ICAL MORALITY TO D5Y ! RI<T ( SELF-DEF5SE1 OR TO RE/RA9 IT TO ! PO9T ( R5D]+ IT ILLUSION>Y1 CAN ONLY 5D 9 NO?+1 OR 9 LEAV+ A FREE FIELD ( ACTION TO ! OPPRESSORS4 

,IF WE REALLY WI% TO /RIVE = ! EMANCIPATION ( ! PEOPLE1 DO NOT LET US REJECT 9 PR9CIPLE ! MEANS )\T :I* ! /RUGGLE CAN NEV] BE 5D$2 &1 REMEMB]1 ! MO/ 5]GETIC MEASURES >E ALSO ! MO/ EFFICI5T & ! LEA/ WA/EFUL4 ,ONLY DO NOT LET US LOSE SI<T ( ! FA CT ?AT \RS IS A /RUGGLE 9SPIR$ BY LOVE & NOT BY HATR$1 & ?AT IT IS \R DUTY TO DO ALL 9 \R P[] TO SEE ?AT ! NECESS>Y VIOL5CE DOES NOT DEG5]ATE 9TO M]E F]OCITY1 & ?AT IT BE US$ ONLY AS A WEAPON 9 ! /RUGGLE ( RI<T AGA9/ WRONG4 

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