,VOLTAIR9E ,DE ,CLEYRE 

#aiad 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,EMMA ,GOLDMAN 

,TAGS 3 DOM9ANT IDEA1 EMMA GOLDMAN1 BRILLIANT M9D1 FREE WORLD1 RELIGI\S SUP]/ITION1 NOVEMB] #a#h#h#g1 MEXICAN REVOLUTION1 MO!R E>?1 9TELLECTUAL WOM51 VOLTAIR9E4 

,TEXT 3 

,W,R,I,T,T,5 ,9 ,R,$ 

,BE> IT AL(T1 ,O RO>+ FLAME6 

,SKYW>D AL(T1 :]E ALL MAY SEE4 

,SLAVES ( ! WORLD6 \R CAUSE IS ! SAME2 

,ONE IS ! IMMEMORIAL %AME2 

,ONE IS ! /RUGGLE1 & 9 ,ONE NAME-- 

,M,A,N,H,O,O,D--WE BATTLE TO SET M5 FREE4 

,V,O,L,T,A,I,R,9,E ,D,E ,C,L,E,Y,R,E 

  

,PHOTO BY M]MAID1,C,C ,B,Y-,N,C-,N,D ,LIC5SE  
,! ,F,I,R,/ ,T,I,M,E ,I ,M,E,T ,H,]--,?,I,S ,M,O,/ ,G,I,F,T,$ ,& ,B,R,I,L,L,I,A,N,T 
,A,N,>,*,I,/ ,W,O,M,A,N ,A,M,],I,C,A ,E,V,] ,P,R,O,D,U,C,$--WAS 9 ,PHILADELPHIA1 9 
,AUGU/ #a#h#i#c4 ,I HAD COME TO ?AT CITY TO ADDRESS ! UNEMPLOY$ 
DUR+ ! GREAT CRISIS ( ?AT YE>1 & ,I WAS EAG] TO VISIT 
,VOLTAIR9E ( :OSE EXCEPTIONAL ABILITY AS A LECTUR] ,I HAD HE>D 
:ILE 9 ,NEW ,YORK4 ,I F\ND H] ILL 9 B$1 H] HEAD PACK$ 9 
ICE1 H] FACE DRAWN ) PA94 ,I LE>N$ ?AT ?IS EXP]I5CE 
REPEAT$ ITSELF ) ,VOLTAIR9E AFT] H] EV]Y PUBLIC 
APPE>ANCE3 %E W\LD BE B$-RIDD5 = DAYS1 9 CON/ANT AGONY 
FROM SOME DISEASE ( ! N]V\S SY/EM :I* %E HAD DEVELOP$ 
9 E>LY *ILDHOOD & :I* CONT9U$ TO GR[ WORSE ) ! 
YE>S4 ,I DID NOT REMA9 LONG ON ?IS FIR/ VISIT1 [+ TO ! 
EVID5T SUFF]+ ( MY HO/ESS1 ?\< %E WAS BRAVELY TRY+ TO 
HIDE H] PA9 FROM ME4 ,BUT FATE PLAYS /RANGE PRANKS4 ,9 ! 
EV5+ ( ! SAME DAY1 ,VOLTAIR9E DE ,CLEYRE WAS CALL$ UPON TO 
DRAG H] FRAIL1 SUFF]+ BODY TO A D5SELY PACK$1 /UFFY HALL1 
TO SPEAK 9 MY /EAD4 ,AT ! REQUE/ ( ! ,NEW ,YORK AU?ORITIES1 
! PROTECTORS ( LAW & DISORD] 9 ,PHILADELPHIA CAPTUR$ ME AS 
,I WAS AB\T TO 5T] ! ,HALL & L$ ME (F TO ! ,POLICE 
,/ATION ( ! ,CITY ( ,BRO!RLY ,LOVE4 

,! NEXT TIME ,I SAW ,VOLTAIR9E WAS AT ,BLACKWELL'S ,ISL& 
,P5IT5TI>Y4 ,%E HAD COME TO ,NEW ,YORK TO DELIV] H] MA/]LY 
ADDRESS1 ,9 ,D,E,F,5,S,E ,( ,E,M,M,A ,G,O,L,D,M,A,N ,& ,F,R,E,E ,S,P,E,E,*1 & %E 
VISIT$ ME 9 PRISON4 ,FROM ?AT TIME UNTIL H] 5D \R LIVES & 
WORK W]E FREQU5TLY ?R[N TOGE!R1 (T5 MEET+ H>MONI\SLY 
& SOMETIMES DRIFT+ AP>T1 BUT ALWAYS ) ,VOLTAIR9E /&+ 
\T 9 MY  EYES AS A =CEFUL P]SONALITY1 A BRILLIANT M9D1 A 
F]V5T IDEALI/1 AN UNFL9*+ FI<T]1 A DEVOT$ & LOYAL 
COMRADE4 ,BUT H] /RONGE/ *>ACT]I/IC WAS H] EXTRAORD9>Y 
CAPACITY TO CONQU] PHYSICAL DISABILITY--A TRAIT :I* WON = 
H] ! RESPECT EV5 ( H] 5EMIES & ! LOVE & ADMIRATION 
( H] FRI5DS4 ,A KEY TO ?IS P[] 9 SO FRAIL A BODY IS TO BE 
F\ND 9 ,VOLTAIR9E'S ILLUM9AT+ ESSAY1 ,! ,D,O,M,9,A,N,T ,I,D,E,A4 

     0,9 EV]Y?+ ?AT LIVES10 %E WRITES !RE1 0IF ONE LOOKS 
     SE>*+LY1 IS LIMN$ TO ! %AD[-L9E ( AN IDEA--AN 
     IDEA1 DEAD OR LIV+1 SOMETIMES /RONG] :5 DEAD1 ) 
     RIGID1 UNSW]V+ L9ES ?AT M>K ! LIV+ EMBODIM5T ) 
     /]N1 IMMOBILE1 CA/ ( ! NON-LIV+4 ,DAILY WE MOVE AMONG 
     !SE UNYIELD+ %AD[S1 LESS PI]CEABLE1 MORE 5DUR+ 
     ?AN GRANITE1 ) ! BLACKNESS ( AGES 9 !M1 DOM9AT+ 
     LIV+1 *ANG+ BODIES1 ) DEAD1 UN*ANG+ S\LS4 ,& WE 
     MEET ALSO1 LIV+ S\LS DOM9AT+ DY+ BODIES--LIV+ 
     IDEAS REGNANT OV] DECAY & DEA?4 ,DO NOT IMAG9E ?AT ,I 
     SPEAK ( HUMAN LIFE ALONE4 ,! /AMP ( P]SI/5T OR ( 
     %IFT+ ,WILL IS VISIBLE 9 ! GRASS-BLADE ROOT$ 9 ITS 
     CLOD ( E>?1 AS 9 ! GOSSAM] WEB ( BE+ ?AT FLOATS 
     & SWIMS F> OV] \R HEADS 9 ! FREE WORLD ( AIR40 

,AS AN ILLU/RATION ( P]SI/5T ,WILL1 ,VOLTAIR9E RELATES ! 
/ORY ( ! MORN+-GLORY V9ES ?AT TRELLIS$ OV] ! W9D[ 
( H] ROOM1 & 0EV]YDAY !Y BLEW & CURL$ 9 ! W9D1 
!IR :ITE1 PURPLE-DA%$ FACES W9K+ AT ! SUN1 RADIANT ) 
CLIMB+ LIFE4 ,!N1 ALL AT ONCE1 SOME MIS*ANCE HAPP5$1--SOME 
CUT-WORM OR SOME MIS*IEV\S *ILD TORE ONE V9E (F BEL[1 ! 
F9E/ & MO/ AMBITI\S ONE1 ( C\RSE4 ,9 A FEW H\RS1 ! 
LEAVES HUNG LIMP1 ! SAPPY /EM WILT$ & BEGAN TO WI!R1 9 A 
DAY IT WAS DEAD1--ALL BUT ! TOP1 :I* /ILL CLUNG LONG+LY TO 
ITS SUPPORT1 ) BRI<T HEAD LIFT$4 ,I M\RN$ A LITTLE = ! 
BUDS ?AT C\LD NEV] OP5 N[1 & PITI$ ?AT PR\D V9E :OSE 
WORK 9 ! WORLD WAS LO/4 ,BUT ! NEXT NI<T !RE WAS A /ORM1 
A HEAVY1 DRIV+ /ORM1 ) BEAT+ RA9 & BL9D+ LI<TN+4 
,I ROSE TO WAT* ! FLA%ES1 & LO6 ! WOND] ( ! WORLD6 ,9 
! BLACKNESS ( ! MID-NI<T1 9 ! FURY ( W9D & RA91 ! 
DEAD V9E HAD FL[]$4 ,FIVE :ITE1 MOON-FAC$ BLOSSOMS BLEW 
GAILY R\ND ! SKELETON V9E1 %9+ BACK TRIUMPHANT AT ! R$ 
LI<TN+4 4 4 ,BUT EV]Y DAY1 = ?REE DAYS1 ! DEAD V9E 
BLOOM$2 & EV5 A WEEK AFT]1 :5 EV]Y LEAF WAS DRY & BR[N 
4 4 4 ONE LA/ BUD1 DW>F$1 WEAK1 A V]Y BABY ( A BLOSSOM1 BUT 
/ILL :ITE & DELICATE1 ) FIVE PURPLE FLECKS1 LIKE ?OSE ON 
! LIVE V9E BESIDE IT1 OP5$ & WAV$ AT ! />S1 & 
WAIT$ = ! E>LY SUN4 ,OV] DEA? & DECAY1 ! ,DOM9ANT ,IDEA 
SMIL$2 ! V9E WAS 9 ! WORLD TO BLOOM1 TO BE> :ITE TRUMPET 
BLOSSOMS1 DA%$ ) PURPLE2 & IT HELD ITS WILL BEYOND DEA?40 

,! ,DOM9ANT ,IDEA WAS ! ,LEITMOTIF ?R\<\T ,VOLTAIR9E DE 
,CLEYRE'S REM>KABLE LIFE4 ,?\< %E WAS CON/ANTLY H>ASS$ BY 
ILL-HEAL?1 :I* HELD H] BODY CAPTIVE & KILL$ H] AT ! 
5D1 ! ,DOM9ANT ,IDEA 5]GIZ$ ,VOLTAIR9E TO EV] GREAT] 
9TELLECTUAL EF=TS RAIS$ H] TO ! SUPREME HEI<TS ( AN 
EXALT$ IDEAL1 & /EEL$ H] ,WILL TO CONQU] EV]Y H&ICAP & 
OB/ACLE 9 H] TORTUR$ LIFE4 ,AGA9 & AGA91 9 DAYS ( 
EXCRUCIAT+ PHYSICAL TORM5T1 9 P]IODS ( DESPAIR & 
SPIRITUAL D\BT1 ! ,DOM9ANT ,IDEA GAVE W+S TO ! SPIRIT ( 
?IS WOMAN--W+S TO RISE ABOVE ! IMM$IATE1 TO BEHOLD A 
RADIANT VISION ( HUMANITY & TO D$ICATE H]SELF TO IT ) ALL 
! F]VOR ( H] 9T5SE S\L4 ,! SUFF]+ & MIS]Y ?AT 
W]E H]S DUR+ ! :OLE ( H] LIFE WE CAN GLIMPSE FROM H] 
WRIT+S1 P>TICUL>LY 9 H] HAUNT+ /ORY1 ,! ,S,O,R,R,[,S ,( ,! 
,B,O,D,Y3 

     0,I HAVE NEV] WANT$ ANY?+ MORE ?AN ! WILD CREATURES 
     HAVE10 %E RELATES1 0A BROAD WAFT ( CLEAN AIR1 A DAY TO LIE 
     ON ! GRASS AT TIMES1 ) NO?+ TO DO BUT TO SLIP ! 
     BLADES ?R\< MY F+]S1 & LOOK AS LONG AS ,I PLEAS$ AT 
     ! :OLE BLUE >*1 & ! SCRE5S ( GRE5 & :ITE 
     BETWE52 LEAVE = A MON? TO FLOAT & FLOAT ALONG ! SALT 
     CRE/S & AMONG ! FOAM1 OR ROLL ) MY NAK$ SK9 OV] A 
     CLEAN LONG /RET* ( SUN%9Y S&2 FOOD ?AT ,I LIK$1 
     /RAI<T FROM ! COOL GR\ND1 & TIME TO TA/E ITS 
     SWEETNESS1 & TIME TO RE/ AFT] TA/+2 SLEEP :5 IT 
     CAME1 & /ILLNESS1 ?AT ! SLEEP MI<T LEAVE ME :5 IT 
     W\LD1 NOT SOON] 4 4 4 ,?IS IS :AT ,I WANT$1--?IS1 & 
     FREE CONTACT ) MY FELL[S 4 4 4 NOT TO LOVE & LIE1 & 
     BE A%AM$1 BUT TO LOVE & SAY ,I LOVE1 & BE GLAD ( IT2 
     TO FEEL ! CURR5TS ( T5 ?\S& YE>S ( PASSION 
     FLOOD+ ME1 BODY TO BODY1 AS ! WILD ?+S MEET4 ,I HAVE 
     ASK$ NO MORE4 

     ,BUT ,I HAVE NOT RECEIV$4 ,OV] ME !RE SITS ?AT PITILESS 
     TYRANT1 ! ,S\L2 & ,I AM NO?+4 ,IT HAS DRIV5 ME TO ! 
     CITY1 :]E ! AIR IS FEV] & FIRE1 & SAID1 'BREA! 
     ?IS'2--,I W\LD LE>N2 ,I CANNOT LE>N 9 ! EMPTY FIELDS2 
     TEMPLES >E H]E1--/AY4' ,& :5 MY POOR1 /IFL$ LUNGS 
     HAVE PANT$ TILL IT SEEM$ MY *E/ MU/ BUR/1 ! S\L HAS 
     SAID1 ',I WILL ALL[ Y\ !N1 AN H\R OR TWO2 WE WILL RIDE1 
     & ,I WILL TAKE MY BOOK & READ MEAN:ILE4' 

     ,& :5 MY EYES HAVE CRI$ \T ! TE>S ( PA9 = ! 
     BRIEF VISION ( FRE$OM DRIFT+ BY1 ONLY = LEAVE TO LOOK 
     AT ! GREAT GRE5 .<&.> BLUE AN H\R1 AFT] ! LONG1 DULL-R$ HORROR ( WALLS1 ! S\L HAS SAID1 ',I CANNOT WA/E ! 
     TIME ALTOGE!R2 ,I MU/ KN[6 READ4' ,& :5 MY E>S HAVE 
     PLEAD = ! S++ ( ! CRICKETS & ! MUSIC ( ! 
     NI<T1 ! S\L HAS ANSW]$1 ',NO1 GONGS & :I/LES & 
     %RIEKS >E UNPLEASANT IF Y\ LI/52 BUT S*OOL Y\RSELF TO 
     HE>K5 TO ! SPIRITUAL VOICE1 & IT WILL NOT MATT] 4 4 4' 

     ,:5 ,I HAVE LOOK$ UPON MY K9D1 & LONG$ TO EMBRACE !M1 
     HUNG]$ WILDLY = ! PRESS ( >MS & LIPS1 ! S\L HAS 
     COMM&$ /]NLY1 'CEASE1 .<VILE.> CREATURE ( FLE%LY LU/S6 
     ,ET]NAL REPROA*6 ,WILL Y\ = EV] %AME ME ) Y\R 
     BEA/L9ESS8' 

     ,& ,I HAVE ALWAYS YIELD$1 MUTE1 JOYLESS1 FETT]$1 ,I HAVE 
     TROD ! WORLD ( ! S\L'S *OOS+ 4 4 4 ,N[ ,I AM BROK5 
     BE=E MY TIME1 BLOODLESS1 SLEEPLESS1 BREA?LESS1--HALF 
     BL9D1 RACK$ AT EV]Y JO9T1 TREMBL+ ) EV]Y LEAF40 

,YET ?\< RACK$ & WRECK$1 H] LIFE EMPTY ( ! MUSIC1 ! 
GLORY ( SKY & SUN1 & H] BODY ROSE 9 DAILY REVOLT AGA9/ 
! TYRANNICAL MA/]1 IT WAS ,VOLTAIR9E'S S\L ?AT CONQU]$--! ,DOM9ANT ,IDEA :I* GAVE H] /R5G? TO GO ON & ON TO ! 
LA/4 

,VOLTAIR9E DE ,CLEYRE WAS BORN 9 ,NOV4 #a#g1 #a#h#f#f1 9 ! T[N ( 
,LESLIE1 ,MI*IGAN4 ,H] ANCE/RY ON H] FA!R'S SIDE WAS ,FR5*-,AM]ICAN1 ON H] MO!R'S ,PURITAN /OCK4 ,%E CAME TO H] 
REVOLUTION>Y T5D5CIES BY 9H]ITANCE1 BO? H] GR&FA!R 
& FA!R HAV+ BE5 IMBU$ ) ! IDEAS ( ! ,REVOLUTION ( 
#a#h#d#h4 ,BUT :ILE H] GR&FA!R REMA9$ TRUE TO ! E>LY 
9FLU5CES1 EV5 9 LATE LIFE HELP+ 9 ! UND]GR\ND RAILROAD 
= FUGITIVE SLAVES1 H] FA!R1 ,AUGU/ DE ,CLEYRE1 :O HAD BEGUN 
AS A FREE?9K] & ,COMMUNI/1 9 LAT] LIFE1 RETURN$ TO ! 
FOLD ( ! ,CA?OLIC ,*UR* & BECAME AS PASSIONATE A DEVOTEE ( 
IT1 AS HE HAD BE5 AGA9/ IT 9 HIS Y\NG] DAYS4 ,SO GREAT HAD 
BE5 HIS FREE ?\<T ZEAL ?AT :5 HIS DAU<T] WAS BORN HE 
NAM$ H] ,VOLTAIR9E1 9 HONOR ( ! REV]$ ,VOLTAIRE4 ,BUT :5 
HE RECANT$1 HE BECAME OBSESS$ BY ! NOTION ?AT HIS DAU<T] 
MU/ BECOME A NUN4 ,A CONTRIBUTORY FACTOR MAY ALSO HAVE BE5 ! 
POV]TY ( ! DE ,CLEYRES1 AS ! RESULT ( :I* ! E>LY YE>S 
( LITTLE ,VOLTAIR9E W]E ANY?+ BUT HAPPY4 ,BUT EV5 9 H] 
*ILDHOOD %E %[$ LITTLE CONC]N 9 EXT]NAL ?+S1 BE+ 
ALMO/ 5TIRELY ABSORB$ 9 H] [N FANCIES4 ,S*OOL HELD A GREAT 
FASC9ATION = H] & :5 REFUS$ ADMISSION BECAUSE ( H] 
EXTREME Y\?1 %E WEPT BITT] TE>S4 

,H[EV]1 %E SOON HAD H] WAY1 & AT ! AGE ( TWELVE %E 
GRADUAT$ FROM ! ,GRAMM> ,S*OOL ) HONORS & W\LD V]Y 
LIKELY HAVE \T/RIPP$ MO/ WOM5 ( H] TIME 9 S*OL>%IP & 
LE>N+1 HAD NOT ! FIR/ GREAT TRAG$Y COME 9TO H] LIFE1 A 
TRAG$Y :I* BROKE H] BODY & LEFT A LA/+ SC> UPON H] 
S\L4 ,%E WAS PLAC$ 9 A MONA/]Y1 MU* AGA9/ ! WILL ( H] 
MO!R :O1 AS A MEMB] ( ! ,PRESBYT]IAN ,*UR*1 F\<T--9 
VA9--AGA9/ H] HUSB&'S DECISION4 ,AT ! ,CONV5T ( ,\R ,LADY 
( ,LAKE ,HURON1 AT ,S>NIA1 ,ONT>IO1 ,CANADA1 BEGAN ! F\R-YE>S' 
CALV>Y ( ! FUTURE REBEL AGA9/ RELIGI\S SUP]/ITION4 ,9 
H] ESSAY ON ,! ,M,A,K,+ ,( ,A,N ,A,N,>,*,I,/ %E VIVIDLY DESCRIBES ! 
T]RIBLE ORDEAL ( ?OSE YE>S3 

     0,H[ ,I PITY MYSELF N[1 :5 ,I REMEMB] IT1 POOR LONESOME 
     LITTLE S\L1 BATTL+ SOLIT>Y 9 ! MURK ( RELIGI\S 
     SUP]/ITION1 UNABLE TO BELIEVE & YET 9 H\RLY FE> ( 
     DAMNATION1 HOT1 SAVAGE1 & ET]NAL1 IF ,I DO NOT 9/ANTLY 
     CONFESS & PR(ESS2 H[ WELL ,I RECALL ! BITT] 5]GY 
     ) :I* ,I REPELL$ MY TEA*]'S 5JO9D]1 :5 ,I TOLD 
     H] ,I DID NOT WI% TO APOLOGIZE = AN ADJUDG$ FAULT AS ,I 
     C\LD NOT SEE ?AT ,I HAD BE5 WRONG & W\LD NOT FEEL MY 
     WORDS4 ',IT IS NOT NECESS>Y1' SAID %E1 '?AT WE %\LD FEEL 
     :AT WE SAY1 BUT IT IS ALWAYS NECESS>Y ?AT WE OBEY \R 
     SUP]IORS4' ',I WILL NOT LIE1' ,I ANSW]$ HOTLY1 & AT ! 
     SAME TIME TREMBL$1 LE/ MY DISOB$I5CE HAD F9ALLY 
     CONSIGN$ ME TO TORM5T 4 4 4 IT HAD BE5 LIKE ! ,VALLEY ( 
     ! ,%AD[ ( ,DEA?1 & !RE >E :ITE SC>S ON MY S\L1 
     :]E IGNORANCE & SUP]/ITION BURNT ME ) !IR HELL 
     FIRE 9 ?OSE /IFL+ DAYS4 ,AM ,I BLASPHEM\S8 ,IT IS !IR 
     WORD1 NOT M9E4 ,BESIDE ?AT BATTLE ( MY Y\NG DAYS ALL 
     O!RS HAVE BE5 EASY1 = :ATEV] WAS )\T1 )9 MY 
     [N ,WILL WAS SUPREME4 ,IT HAS [$ NO ALLEGIANCE1 & NEV] 
     %ALL2 IT HAS MOV$ /EADILY 9 ONE DIRECTION1 ! KN[L$GE 
     & ! ASS]TION ( ITS [N LIB]TY1 ) ALL ! 
     RESPONSIBILITY FALL+ !REON40 

,H] 5DURANCE AT AN 5D1 ,VOLTAIR9E MADE AN ATTEMPT TO ESCAPE 
FROM ! HATEFUL PLACE4 ,%E CROSS$ ! RIV] TO ,PORT ,HURON & 
TRAMP$ SEV5TE5 MILES1 BUT H] HOME WAS /ILL F> AWAY4 ,HUNGRY 
& EXHAU/$1 %E HAD TO TURN BACK TO SEEK REFUGE 9 A H\SE ( 
AN ACQUA9TANCE ( ! FAMILY4 ,!SE S5T = H] FA!R :O TOOK 
! GIRL BACK TO ! ,CONV5T4 

,VOLTAIR9E NEV] SPOKE ( ! P5ANCE MET$ \T TO H]1 BUT IT 
MU/ HAVE BE5 H>R[+1 BECAUSE AS A RESULT ( H] MONA/IC 
LIFE H] HEAL? BROKE D[N COMPLETELY :5 %E HAD H>DLY REA*$ 
! AGE ( SIXTE54 ,BUT %E REMA9$ 9 ! ,CONV5T S*OOL TO 
F9I% H] /UDIES3 RIGID SELF-DISCIPL9E & P]SEV]ANCE1 :I* 
SO /RONGLY *>ACT]IZ$ H] P]SONALITY1 W]E ALREADY DOM9ANT 
9 ,VOLTAIR9E'S GIRLHOOD4 ,BUT :5 %E F9ALLY GRADUAT$ FROM H] 
<A/LY PRISON1 %E WAS *ANG$ NOT ONLY PHYSICALLY1 BUT 
SPIRITUALLY AS WELL4 0,I /RUGGL$ MY WAY \T AT LA/10 %E 
WRITES1 0& WAS A FREE-?9K] :5 ,I LEFT ! 9/ITUTION1 
?\< ,I HAD NEV] SE5 A BOOK OR HE>D A WORD TO HELP ME 9 MY 
LONEL9ESS40 

,ONCE \T ( H] LIV+ TOMB %E BURI$ H] FALSE GOD4 ,9 H] F9E 
POEM1 ,! ,B,U,R,I,A,L ,( ,M,Y ,D,E,A,D ,P,A,/1 %E S+S3 

0,& N[1 ,HUMANITY1 ,I TURN TO Y\2 
     ,I CONSECRATE MY S]VICE TO ! WORLD6 
,P]I% ! OLD LOVE1 WELCOME TO ! NEW-- 
     ,BROAD AS ! SPACE-AISLES :]E ! />S >E :IRL$60 

,HUNGRILY %E DEVOT$ H]SELF TO ! /UDY ( FREE-?\<T 
LIT]ATURE1 H] AL]T M9D ABSORB+ EV]Y?+ ) EASE4 
,PRES5TLY %E JO9$ ! SECUL> MOVEM5T & BECAME ONE ( ITS 
\T/&+ FIGURES4 ,H] LECTURES1 ALWAYS C>EFULLY PREP>$1 
7,VOLTAIR9E SCORN$ EXTEMPORANE\S SPEAK+7 W]E RI*LY /UDD$ 
) ORIG9AL ?\<T & W]E BRILLIANT 9 =M & 
PRES5TATION4 ,H] ADDRESS ON ,?OMAS ,PA9E1 = 9/ANCE1 EXCELL$ 
SIMIL> EF=TS ( ,ROB]T ,+]SOLL 9 ALL HIS FL[]Y ORATORY4 

,DUR+ A ,PA9E MEMORIAL CONV5TION1 9 SOME T[N 9 ,P5NSYLVANIA1 
,VOLTAIR9E DE ,CLEYRE *ANC$ TO HE> ,CL>5CE ,D>R[ ON 
,SOCIALISM4 ,IT WAS ! FIR/ TIME ! ECONOMIC SIDE ( LIFE & 
! ,SOCIALI/ S*EME ( A FUTURE SOCIETY W]E PRES5T$ TO H]4 
,?AT !RE IS 9JU/ICE 9 ! WORLD %E KNEW1 ( C\RSE1 FROM 
H] [N EXP]I5CE4 ,BUT H]E WAS ONE :O C\LD ANALYZE 9  SU* 
MA/]LY MANN] ! CAUSES ( ECONOMIC SLAV]Y1 ) ALL ITS 
DEGRAD+ EFFECTS UPON ! MASSES2 MOREOV]1 ONE :O C\LD ALSO 
CLE>LY DEL9EATE A DEF9ITE PLAN ( RECON/RUCTION4 ,D>R['S 
LECTURE WAS MANNA TO ! SPIRITUALLY FAMI%$ Y\NG GIRL4 0,I RAN 
TO IT0 %E WROTE LAT]1 0AS ONE :O HAS BE5 TURN+ AB\T 9 
D>KNESS RUNS TO ! LI<T1 ,I SMILE N[ AT H[ QUICKLY ,I ADOPT$ 
! LABEL ',SOCIALISM' & H[ QUICKLY ,I CA/$ ASIDE40 

,%E CA/ IT ASIDE1 BECAUSE %E REALIZ$ H[ LITTLE %E KNEW ( 
! HI/ORIC & ECONOMIC BACK-GR\ND ( ,SOCIALISM4 ,H] 
9TELLECTUAL 9TEGRITY L$ H] TO /OP LECTUR+ ON ! SUBJECT 
& TO BEG9 DELV+ 9TO ! MY/]IES ( SOCIOLOGY & 
POLITICAL ECONOMY4 ,BUT1 AS ! E>NE/ /UDY ( ,SOCIALISM 
9EVITABLY BR+S ONE TO ! MORE ADVANC$ IDEAS ( ,AN>*ISM1 
,VOLTAIR9E'S 9H]5T LOVE ( LIB]TY C\LD NOT MAKE PEACE ) 
,/ATE-RIDD5 NOTIONS ( ,SOCIALISM4 ,%E DISCOV]$1 %E WROTE AT 
?IS TIME1 ?AT 0,LIB]TY IS NOT ! DAU<T] BUT ! MO!R ( 
ORD]40 

,DUR+ A P]IOD ( SEV]AL YE>S %E BELIEV$ TO HAVE F\ND AN 
ANSW] TO H] QUE/ = LIB]TY 9 ! ,9DIVIDUALI/-,AN>*I/ 
S*OOL REPRES5T$ BY ,B5JAM9 ,R4 ,TUCK]'S PUBLICATION ,LIB]TY1 
& ! WORKS ( ,PR\DHON1 ,H]B]T ,SP5C]1 & O!R SOCIAL 
?9K]S4 ,BUT LAT] %E DROPP$ ALL ECONOMIC LABELS1 CALL+ 
H]SELF SIMPLY AN ,AN>*I/1 BECAUSE %E FELT ?AT 0,LIB]TY & 
EXP]IM5T ALONE CAN DET]M9E ! BE/ ECONOMIC =MS ( 
,SOCIETY40 

,! FIR/ IMPULSE T[>DS ,AN>*ISM WAS AWAK5$ 9 ,VOLTAIR9E DE 
,CLEYRE BY ! TRAGIC EV5T 9 ,*ICAGO1 ON ! #a#a? ( ,NOVEMB]1 
#a#h#h#g4 ,9 S5D+ ! ,AN>*I/S TO ! GALL[S1 ! ,/ATE ( 
,ILL9OIS /UPIDLY BOA/$ ?AT IT HAD ALSO KILL$ ! IDEAL = 
:I* ! M5 DI$4 ,:AT A S5SELESS MI/AKE1 CON/ANTLY REPEAT$ 
BY ?OSE :O SIT ON ! ?RONES ( ! MI<TY6 ,! BODIES ( 
,P>SONS1 ,SPIES1 ,FI%]1 ,5GEL & ,L+G W]E B>ELY COLD :5 
ALREADY NEW LIFE WAS BORN TO PROCLAIM !IR IDEALS4 

,VOLTAIR9E1 LIKE ! MAJORITY ( ! PEOPLE ( ,AM]ICA1 POISON$ 
BY ! P]V]SION ( FACTS 9 ! PRESS ( ! TIME1 AT FIR/ 
JO9$ 9 ! CRY1 0,!Y \<T TO BE HANG$60 ,BUT H]S WAS A 
SE>*+ M9D1 NOT ( ! K9D ?AT C\LD LONG BE CONT5T ) 
M]E SURFACE APPE>ANCES4 ,%E SOON CAME TO REGRET H] HA/E4 ,9 
H] FIR/ ADDRESS1 ON ! OCCASION ( ! ANNIV]S>Y ( ! #a#a? 
( ,NOVEMB] #a#h#h#g1 ,VOLTAIR9E1 ALWAYS SCRUPUL\SLY HONE/ ) 
H]SELF1 PUBLICLY DECL>$ H[ DEEPLY %E REGRETT$ HAV+ JO9$ 
9 ! CRY ( 0,!Y \<T TO BE HANG$60 :I*1 COM+ FROM ONE 
:O AT ?AT TIME NO LONG] BELIEV$ 9 CAPITAL PUNI%M5T1 SEEM$ 
D\BLY CRUEL4 

     0,= ?AT IGNORANT1 \TRAGE\S1 BLOOD-?IR/Y S5T5CE ,I 
     %ALL NEV] =GIVE MYSELF10 %E SAID1 0?\< ,I KN[ ! 
     DEAD M5 W\LD HAVE =GIV5 ME4 ,BUT MY [N VOICE1 AS IT 
     S\ND$ ?AT NI<T1 WILL S\ND SO 9 MY E>S TILL ,I DIE1--A 
     BITT] REPROA* & %AME40 

,\T ( ! H]OIC DEA? 9 ,*ICAGO A H]OIC LIFE EM]G$1 A LIFE 
CONSECRAT$ TO ! IDEAS = :I* ! M5 W]E PUT TO DEA?4 
,FROM ?AT DAY UNTIL H] 5D1 ,VOLTAIR9E DE ,CLEYRE US$ H] 
P[]FUL P5 & H] GREAT MA/]Y ( SPEE* 9 BEHALF ( ! 
IDEAL :I* HAD COME TO MEAN TO H] ! ONLY RAISON D'@5TRE ( H] 
LIFE4 

,VOLTAIR9E DE ,CLEYRE WAS UNUSUALLY GIFT$3 AS POET1 WRIT]1 
LECTUR] & L+UI/1 %E C\LD HAVE EASILY GA9$ = H]SELF A 
HI< POSITION 9 H] C\NTRY & ! R5[N IT IMPLIES4 ,BUT %E 
WAS NOT ONE TO M>KET H] TAL5TS = ! FLE%-POTS ( ,EGYPT4 
,%E W\LD NOT EV5 ACCEPT ! SIMPLE/ COM=TS FROM H] 
ACTIVITIES 9 ! V>I\S SOCIAL MOVEM5TS %E HAD DEVOT$ 
H]SELF TO DUR+ H] LIFE4 ,%E 9SI/$ ON >RANG+ H] LIFE 
CONSI/5TLY ) H] IDEAS1 ON LIV+ AMONG ! PEOPLE :OM %E 
S\<T TO TEA* & 9SPIRE ) HUMAN WOR?1 ) A PASSIONATE 
LONG+ = FRE$OM & A /R5G? TO /RIVE = IT4 ,?IS 
REVOLUTION>Y VE/AL LIV$ AS ! POORE/ ( ! POOR1 AMONG 
DRE>Y & WRET*$ SURR\ND+S1 TAX+ H] BODY TO ! UTMO/1 
IGNOR+ EXT]NALS1 SU/A9$ ONLY BY ! ,DOM9ANT ,IDEA :I* L$ 
H] ON4 

,AS A TEA*] ( LANGUAGES 9 ! <ETTOES ( ,PHILADELPHIA1 ,NEW 
,YORK & ,*ICAGO1 ,VOLTAIR9E EK$ \T A MIS]ABLE EXI/5CE1 YET 
\T ( H] MEAG] E>N+S %E SUPPORT$ H] MO!R1 MANAG$ TO 
BUY A PIANO ON ! 9/ALLM5T PLAN 7%E LOV$ MUSIC PASSIONATELY 
& WAS AN >TI/ ( NO SMALL MEASURE7 & TO HELP O!RS MORE 
ABLE PHYSICALLY ?AN %E WAS4 ,H[ %E EV] DID IT NOT EV5 H] 
NE>E/ FRI5DS C\LD EXPLA94 ,NEI!R C\LD ANYONE FA?OM ! 
MIRACLE ( 5]GY :I* 5ABL$ H]1 9 SPITE ( A WEAK5$ 
CONDITION & CON/ANT PHYSICAL TORTURE1 TO GIVE LESSONS = #ad 
H\RS1 SEV5 DAYS ( ! WEEK1 CONTRIBUTE TO NUM]\S MAGAZ9ES 
& PAP]S1 WRITE POETRY & SKET*ES1 PREP>E & DELIV] 
LECTURES :I* = LUCIDITY & BEAUTY W]E MA/]-PIECES4 ,A 
%ORT T\R ?R\< ,5GL& & ,SCOTL& 9 #a#h#i#g1 WAS ! ONLY 
RELIEF FROM H] DAILY DRUDG]Y4 ,IT IS C]TA9 ?AT %E C\LD NOT 
HAVE SURVIV$ SU* AN ORDEAL = SO MANY YE>S BUT = ! 
,DOM9ANT ,IDEA ?AT /EEL$ H] P]SI/5T ,WILL4 

,9 #a#i#b1 A DEM5T$ Y\? :O HAD ONCE BE5 ,VOLTAIR9E'S PUPIL 
& :O SOMEH[ DEVELOP$ ! PECULI> AB]RATION ?AT %E WAS AN 
ANTI-,SEMITE 7%E :O HAD DEVOT$ MO/ ( H] LIFE TO ! 
$UCATION ( ,JEWS67 WAYLAID H] :ILE %E WAS RETURN+ FROM A 
MUSIC LESSON4 ,AS %E APPROA*$ HIM1 UNAW>E ( IMP5D+ DANG]1 
HE FIR$ SEV]AL BULLETS 9TO H] BODY4 ,VOLTAIR9E'S LIFE WAS 
SAV$1 BUT ! EFFECTS ( ! %OCK & H] W\NDS M>K$ ! 
BEG9N+ ( A FRI<TFUL PHYSICAL PURGATORY4 ,%E BECAME AFFLICT$ 
) A MADD5+1 EV]-PRES5T D9 9 H] E>S4 ,%E US$ TO SAY 
?AT ! MO/ AWFUL NOISES 9 ,NEW ,YORK W]E H>MONY COMP>$ TO 
! DEAF5+ P\ND+ 9 H] E>S4 ,ADVIS$ BY H] PHYSICIANS 
?AT A *ANGE ( CLIMATE MI<T HELP H]1 %E W5T TO ,NORWAY4 ,%E 
RETURN$ APP>5TLY IMPROV$1 BUT NOT = LONG4 ,ILLNESS L$ H] 
FROM HOSPITAL TO HOSPITAL1 9VOLV+ SEV]AL OP]ATIONS1 )\T 
BR++ RELIEF4 ,IT MU/ HAVE BE5 9 ONE ( !SE MOM5TS ( 
DESPAIR ?AT ,VOLTAIR9E DE ,CLEYRE CONTEMPLAT$ SUICIDE4 ,AMONG H] 
LETT]S1 A Y\NG FRI5D ( H]S 9 ,*ICAGO F\ND1 LONG AFT] H] 
DEA?1 A %ORT NOTE 9 ,VOLTAIR9E'S H&-WRIT+1 ADDRESS$ TO NO 
ONE 9 P>TICUL>1 CONTA9+ ! DESP]ATE RESOLVE3 

     0,I AM GO+ TO DO TONI<T ?AT :I* ,I HAVE ALWAYS 9T5D$ 
     TO DO %\LD ?OSE CIRCUM/ANCES >ISE :I* HAVE N[ >IS5 
     9 MY LIFE4 ,I GRIEVE ONLY ?AT 9 MY SPIRITUAL WEAKNESS ,I 
     FAIL$ TO ACT ON MY P]SONAL CONVICTIONS LONG AGO1 & 
     ALL[$ MYSELF TO BE ADVIS$1 & MISADVIS$ BY O!RS4 ,IT 
     W\LD HAVE SAV$ ME A YE> ( UN9T]MITTANT SUFF]+ & 
     MY FRI5DS A BURD5 :I*1 H[EV] K9DLY !Y HAVE BORNE 
     IT1 WAS /ILL A USELESS ONE4 

     ,9 ACCORDANCE ) MY BELIEFS CONC]N+ LIFE & ITS 
     OBJECTS1 ,I HOLD IT TO BE ! SIMPLE DUTY ( ANYONE AFFLICT$ 
     ) AN 9CURABLE DISEASE TO CUT HIS AGONIES %ORT4 ,HAD ANY 
     ( MY PHYSICIANS TOLD ME :5 ,I ASK$ !M ! TRU? ( ! 
     MATT]1 A LONG & HOPELESS TRAG$Y MI<T HAVE BE5 SAV$4 
     ,BUT1 OBEY+ :AT !Y CALL 'M$ICAL E?ICS1' !Y *OSE TO 
     PROMISE ! IMPOSSIBLE 7RECOV]Y71 9 ORD] TO KEEP ME ON 
     ! RACK ( LIFE4 ,SU* ACTION LET !M ACC\NT = 
     !MSELVES1 = ,I HOLD IT TO BE ONE ( ! *IEF CRIMES ( 
     ! M$ICAL PR(ESSION ?AT !Y TELL !SE LIES4  

     ,?AT NO ONE BE UNJU/LY *>G$1 ,I WI% IT UND]/OOD ?AT 
     MY DISEASE IS *RONIC CAT>RH ( ! HEAD1 AFFLICT+ MY 
     E>S ) 9CESSANT S\ND = A YE> PA/4 ,IT HAS NO?+ 
     :ATEV] TO DO ) ! %OOT+ ( TWO YE>S AGO1 & NO 
     ONE IS 9 ANY WAY TO BLAME4 

     ,I WI% MY BODY TO BE GIV5 TO ! ,HAHNEMANN ,COLLEGE TO BE 
     US$ = DISSECTION2 ,I HOPE ,DR4 ,H4 ,L4 ,NOR?ROP WILL TAKE IT 
     9 *>GE4 ,I WANT NO C]EMONIES1 NOR SPEE*ES OV] IT4 ,I 
     DIE1 AS ,I HAVE LIV$1 A FREE SPIRIT1 AN ,AN>*I/1 [+ NO 
     ALLEGIANCE TO RUL]S1 HEAV5LY OR E>?LY4 ,?\< ,I SORR[ 
     = ! WORK ,I WI%$ TO DO1 :I* TIME & LOSS ( HEAL? 
     PREV5T$1 ,I AM GLAD ,I LIV$ NO USELESS LIFE 7SAVE ?IS ONE 
     LA/ YE>7 & HOPE ?AT ! WORK ,I DID WILL LIVE & GR[ 
     ) MY PUPILS' LIVES & BY !M BE PASS$ ON TO O!RS1 
     EV5 AS ,I PASS$ ON :AT ,I HAD RECEIV$4  
      
     ,IF MY COMRADES WI% TO DO AU<T = MY MEMORY1 LET !M 
     PR9T MY POEMS1 ! ,M,S,S4 ( :I* IS 9 POSSESSION ( ,N4 ,N41 
     TO :OM ,I LEAVE ?IS LA/ TASK ( C>RY+ \T MY FEW 
     WI%ES4 

     ,MY DY+ ?\<TS >E ON ! VISION ( A FREE WORLD1 )\T 
     POV]TY & ITS PA91 EV] ASC5D+ TO SUBLIM] KN[L$GE4 

                                    ,V,O,L,T,A,I,R,9,E ,D,E ,C,L,E,Y,R,E0 

,!RE IS NO 9DICATION ANY:]E1 :Y ,VOLTAIR9E1 USUALLY SO 
DET]M9$1 FAIL$ TO C>RY \T H] 9T5TION4 ,NO D\BT IT WAS 
AGA9 ! ,DOM9ANT ,IDEA2 H] ,WILL TO LIFE WAS TOO /RONG4 

,9 ! NOTE REVEAL+ H] DECISION ( 5D+ H] LIFE1 ,VOLTAIR9E 
ASS]TS ?AT H] MALADY HAD NO?+ TO DO ) ! %OOT+ :I* 
OCCURR$ TWO YE>S PRIOR4 ,%E WAS MOV$ TO EXON]ATE H] ASSAILANT 
BY H] B\NDLESS HUMAN COMPASSION1 AS %E WAS MOV$ BY IT1 :5 
%E APPEAL$ TO H] COMRADES = FUNDS TO HELP ! Y\? & :5 
%E REFUS$ TO HAVE HIM PROSECUT$ BY 0DUE PROCESS ( LAW40 ,%E 
KNEW BETT] ?AN ! JUDGES ! CAUSE & EFFECT ( CRIME & 
PUNI%M5T4 ,& %E KNEW ?AT 9 ANY EV5T ! BOY WAS 
IRRESPONSIBLE4 ,BUT ! *>IOT ( LAW ROLL$ ON4 ,! ASSAILANT 
WAS S5T5C$ TO SEV5 YE>S PRISON1 :]E SOON HE LO/ HIS M9D 
ALTOGE!R1 DY+ 9 AN 9SANE ASYLUM TWO YE>S LAT]4 
,VOLTAIR9E'S ATTITUDE T[>DS CRIM9ALS & H] VIEW ( ! 
B>B>\S FUTILITY ( PUNI%M5T >E 9CORPORAT$ 9 H] 
BRILLIANT TREATISE ON ,C,R,I,M,E ,& ,P,U,N,I,%,M,5,T4 ,AFT] A P5ETRAT+ 
ANALYSIS ( ! CAUSES ( CRIME1 %E ASK$3 

     0,HAVE Y\ EV] WAT*$ IT COM+ 91--! SEA8 ,:5 ! W9D 
     COMES RO>+ \T ( ! MI/ & A GREAT BELL[+ ?UND]S 
     UP FROM ! WAT]8 ,HAVE Y\ WAT*$ ! :ITE LIONS *AS+ 
     EA* O!R T[>DS ! WALLS1 & LEAP+ UP ) FOAM+ 
     ANG]1 AS !Y /RIKE1 & TURN & *ASE EA* O!R ALONG 
     ! BLACK B>S ( !IR CAGE 9 RAGE TO DEV\R EA* O!R8 
     ,& TE> BACK8 ,& LEAP 9 AGA98 ,HAVE Y\ EV] WOND]$ 9 
     ! MID/ ( IT ALL1 :I* P>TICUL> DROPS ( WAT] W\LD 
     /RIKE ! WALL8 ,IF ONE C\LD KN[ ALL ! FACTS ONE MI<T 
     CALCULATE EV5 ?AT4 ,BUT :O CAN KN[ !M ALL8 ,( ONE ?+ 
     ONLY WE >E SURE2 SOME MU/ /RIKE IT4 

     ,!Y >E ! CRIM9ALS1 ?OSE DROPS ( WAT] PIT*+ 
     AGA9/ ?AT SILLY WALL & BROK54 ,JU/ :Y IT WAS ?OSE 
     P>TICUL> ONES WE CANNOT KN[2 BUT SOME HAD TO GO4 ,DO NOT 
     CURSE !M2 Y\ HAVE CURS$ !M 5\< 4 4 40 ,%E CLOSES 
     H] WOND]FUL EXPOS1 ( CRIM9OLOGY ) ?IS APPEAL3 0,LET 
     US HAVE DONE ) ?IS SAVAGE IDEA ( PUNI%M5T1 :I* IS 
     )\T WISDOM4 ,LET US WORK = ! FRE$OM ( MAN FROM ! 
     OPPRESSION :I* MAKES CRIM9ALS1 & = ! 5LI<T5$ 
     TREATM5T ( ! SICK40 

,VOLTAIR9E DE ,CLEYRE BEGAN H] PUBLIC C>E] AS A PACIFI/1 & 
= MANY YE>S %E /]NLY SET H] FACE AGA9/ REVOLUTION>Y 
ME?ODS4 ,BUT ! EV5TS 9 ,EUROPE DUR+ ! LATT] YE>S ( H] 
LIFE1 ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION ( #a#i#e1 ! RAPID DEVELOPM5T ( 
,CAPITALISM 9 H] [N C\NTRY1 ) ALL ITS RESULTANT CRUELTY1 
VIOL5CE & 9JU/ICE1 & P>TICUL>LY ! ,MEXICAN ,REVOLUTION 
*ANG$ H] VIEW ( ME?ODS4 ,AS ALWAYS :51 AFT] AN 9N] 
/RUGGLE1 ,VOLTAIR9E SAW CAUSE = *ANGE1 H] L>GE NATURE W\LD 
COMPEL H] TO ADMIT ]ROR FREELY & BRAVELY /& UP = ! 
NEW4 ,%E DID SO 9 H] ABLE ESSAYS ON ,D,I,R,E,C,T ,A,C,T,I,O,N & ,! 
,M,E,X,I,C,A,N ,R,E,V,O,L,U,T,I,O,N4 ,%E DID MORE2 %E F]V5TLY TOOK UP ! FI<T 
( ! ,MEXICAN PEOPLE :O ?REW (F !IR YOKE2 %E WROTE1 %E 
LECTUR$1 %E COLLECT$ FUNDS = ! ,MEXICAN CAUSE4 ,%E EV5 
GREW IMPATI5T ) SOME ( H] COMRADES BECAUSE !Y SAW 9 ! 
EV5TS ACROSS ! ,AM]ICAN BORD] ONLY ONE PHASE ( ! SOCIAL 
/RUGGLE & NOT ! ALL-ABSORB+ ISSUE TO :I* EV]Y?+ ELSE 
%\LD BE SUBORD9AT$4 ,I WAS AMONG ! SEV]ELY CRITICIZ$ & 
SO WAS ,MO!R ,E>?1 A MAGAZ9E ,I PUBLI%$4 ,BUT ,I HAD (T5 BE5 
C5SUR$ BY ,VOLTAIR9E = MY 0WA/E0 ( EF=T TO REA* ! 
,AM]ICAN 9TELLIG5TZIA RA!R ?AN TO CONSECRATE ALL MY EF=TS 
TO ! WORK]S1 AS %E DID SO >D5TLY4 ,BUT1 KN[+ H] DEEP 
S9C]ITY1 ! RELIGI\S ZEAL :I* /AMP$ EV]Y?+ %E DID1 
NO ONE M9D$ H] C5SOR%IP3 WE W5T ON LOV+ & ADMIR+ H] 
JU/ ! SAME4 ,H[ DEEPLY %E FELT ! WRONGS ( ,MEXICO CAN BE/ 
BE SE5 FROM ! FACT ?AT %E BEGAN TO /UDY ,SPANI% & HAD 
ACTUALLY PLANN$ TO GO TO ,MEXICO TO LIVE & WORK AMONG ! ,YAQUI 
,9DIANS & TO BECOME AN ACTIVE =CE 9 ! ,REVOLUTION4 
      
,9 #a#i#a1 ,VOLTAIR9E DE ,CLEYRE MOV$ FROM ,PHILADELPHIA TO ,*ICAGO1 
:]E %E AGA9 TOOK UP TEA*+ ( IMMIGRANTS2 AT ! SAME TIME 
%E LECTUR$1 WORK$ ON A HI/ORY ( ! SO-CALL$ ,HAYM>KET 
,RIOT1 TRANSLAT$ FROM ,FR5* ! LIFE ( ,L\ISE ,MI*EL1 ! 
PRIE/ESS ( PITY & V5GEANCE1 AS ,W4 ,T4 ,/EAD HAD NAM$ ! 
,FR5* ,AN>*I/1 & O!R WORKS DEAL+ ) ,AN>*ISM BY 
=EIGN WRIT]S4 ,CON/ANTLY 9 ! ?ROES ( H] T]RIBLE 
AFFLICTION1 %E KNEW BUT TOO WELL ?AT ! DISEASE W\LD SPE$ILY 
BR+ H] TO ! GRAVE4 ,BUT %E 5DUR$ H] PA9 /OICALLY1 
)\T LETT+ H] FRI5DS KN[ ! 9ROADS H] ILLNESS WAS 
MAK+ UPON H] CON/ITUTION4 ,BRAVELY %E F\<T = LIFE ) 
9F9ITE PATI5CE & PA9S1 BUT 9 VA94 ,! 9FECTION GRADUALLY 
P5ETRAT$ DEEP] &1 F9ALLY1 !RE DEVELOP$ A MA/OID :I* 
NECESSITAT$ AN IMM$IATE OP]ATION4 ,%E MI<T HAVE RECOV]$ 
FROM IT HAD NOT ! POISON SPREAD TO ! BRA94 ,! FIR/ 
OP]ATION IMPAIR$ H] MEMORY2 %E C\LD RECOLLECT NO NAMES1 EV5 
( ! CLOSE/ FRI5DS :O WAT*$ OV] H]4 ,IT WAS REASONABLY 
C]TA9 ?AT A SECOND OP]ATION1 IF %E C\LD HAVE SURVIV$ IT1 
W\LD HAVE LEFT H] )\T ! CAPACITY = SPEE*4 ,SOON GRIM 
,DEA? MADE ALL SCI5TIFIC EXP]IM5T ON ! MU*-TORTUR$ BODY ( 
,VOLTAIR9E DE ,CLEYRE UNNECESS>Y4 ,%E DI$ ON ,JUNE #f?1 #a#i#a#b4 ,9 
,WALDHEIM CEMET]Y1 NE> ! GRAVE ( ! ,*ICAGO ,AN>*I/S1 LIES 
AT RE/ ,VOLTAIR9E DE ,CLEYRE1 & EV]Y YE> L>GE MASSES J\RNEY 
!RE TO PAY HOMAGE TO ! MEMORY ( ,AM]ICA'S FIR/ ,AN>*I/ 
M>TYRS1 & !Y LOV+LY REMEMB] ,VOLTAIR9E DE ,CLEYRE4 

,! B>E PHYSICAL FACTS 9 ! LIFE ( ?IS UNIQUE WOMAN >E NOT 
DIFFICULT TO RECORD4 ,BUT !Y >E NOT 5\< TO CL>IFY ! 
TRAITS ?AT COMB9$ 9 H] *>ACT]1 ! CONTRADICTIONS 9 H] 
S\L1 ! EMOTIONAL TRAG$IES 9 H] LIFE4 ,=1 UNLIKE O!R 
GREAT SOCIAL REBELS1 ,VOLTAIR9E'S PUBLIC C>E] WAS NOT V]Y RI* 
9 EV5TS4 ,TRUE1 %E HAD SOME CONFLICTS ) ! P[]S ?AT BE1 
%E WAS =CIBLY REMOV$ FROM ! PLAT=M ON SEV]AL OCCASIONS1 
%E WAS >RE/$ & TRI$ ON O!RS1 BUT NEV] CONVICT$4 ,ON ! 
:OLE1 H] ACTIVITIES W5T ON COMP>ATIVELY SMOO?LY & 
UNDI/URB$4 ,H] /RUGGLES W]E ( PSY*OLOGIC NATURE1 H] BITT] 
DISAPPO9TM5TS HAV+ !IR ROOTS 9 H] [N /RANGE BE+4 ,TO 
UND]/& ! TRAG$Y ( H] LIFE1 ONE MU/ TRY TO TRACE ITS 
9H]5T CAUSES4 
      
,VOLTAIR9E H]SELF HAS GIV5 US ! KEY TO H] NATURE & 9N] 
CONFLICTS4 ,9 SEV]AL ( H] ESSAYS &1 SPECIFICALLY1 9 H] 
AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL SKET*ES4 ,9 ,! ,M,A,K,+ ,( ,A,N ,A,N,>,*,I,/ WE 
LE>N1 = 9/ANCE1 ?AT IF %E W]E TO ATTEMPT TO EXPLA9 H] 
,AN>*ISM BY ! ANCE/RAL VE9 ( REBELLION1 %E W\LD BE1 EV5 
?\< AT BOTTOM CONVICTIONS >E TEMP]AM5TAL1 0A BEWILD]+ 
]ROR 9 LOGIC2 =1 BY E>LY 9FLU5CES & $UCATION ,I %\LD 
HAVE BE5 A NUN1 & SP5T MY LIFE GLORIFY+ ,AU?ORITY 9 ITS 
MO/ CONC5TRAT$ =M40 

,!RE IS NO D\BT ?AT ! YE>S 9 ! ,CONV5T HAD NOT ONLY 
UND]M9$ H] PHYSIQUE BUT HAD ALSO A LA/+ EFFECT UPON H] 
SPIRIT2 !Y KILL$ ! MA9SPR+S ( JOY & ( GAIETY 9 H]4 
,YET !RE MU/ HAVE BE5 AN 9H]5T T5D5CY TO ASCETICISM1 
BECAUSE EV5 F\R YE>S 9 ! LIV+ TOMB C\LD NOT HAVE LAID 
SU* A CRU%+ H& UPON H] 5TIRE LIFE4 ,H] :OLE NATURE WAS 
?AT ( AN ASCETIC4 ,H] APPROA* TO LIFE & IDEALS WAS ?AT ( 
! OLD-TIME SA9TS :O FLAGELLAT$ !IR BODIES & TORTUR$ 
!IR S\LS = ! GLORY ( ,GOD4 ,FIGURATIVELY SPEAK+1 
,VOLTAIR9E ALSO FLAGELLAT$ H]SELF1 AS IF 9 P5ANCE = \R 
,SOCIAL ,S9S2 H] POOR BODY WAS COV]$ ) UNGA9LY CLO!S & 
%E D5I$ H]SELF EV5 ! SIMPLE/ JOYS1 NOT ONLY BECAUSE ( 
LACK ( MEANS1 BUT BECAUSE TO DO O!RWISE W\LD HAVE BE5 
AGA9/ H] PR9CIPLES4 

,EV]Y SOCIAL & E?ICAL MOVEM5T HAD HAD ITS ASCETICS1 ( 
C\RSE1 ! DIFF]5CE BETWE5 !M & ,VOLTAIR9E WAS ?AT !Y 
WOR%IP$ NO O!R GODS & HAD NO NE$ ( ANY1 EXCEPT+ !IR 
P>TICUL> IDEAL4 ,NOT SO ,VOLTAIR9E4 ,) ALL H] DEVOTION TO H] 
SOCIAL IDEALS1 %E HAD ANO!R GOD--! GOD ( ,BEAUTY4 ,H] LIFE 
WAS A CEASELESS /RUGGLE BETWE5 ! TWO2 ! ASCETIC 
DET]M9$LY /IFL+ H] LONG+ = BEAUTY1 BUT ! POET 9 H] 
AS DET]M9$LY YE>N+ = IT1 WOR%IP+ IT 9 UTT] 
AB&ONM5T1 ONLY TO BE DRAGG$ BACK BY ! ASCETIC TO ! O!R 
DEITY1 H] SOCIAL IDEAL1 H] DEVOTION TO HUMANITY4 ,IT WAS NOT 
GIV5 TO ,VOLTAIR9E TO COMB9E !M BO?2 H5CE ! 9N] 
LAC]AT+ /RUGGLE4 

,NATURE HAS BE5 V]Y G5]\S T[>DS ,VOLTAIR9E1 5D[+ H] 
) A S+UL>LY BRILLIANT M9D1 ) A RI* & S5SITIVE S\L4 
,BUT PHYSICAL BEAUTY & FEM99E ATTRACTION W]E WI!LD FROM 
H]1 !IR LACK MADE MORE APP>5T BY ILL-HEAL? & H] 
ABHORR5CE ( >TIFICE4 ,NO ONE FELT ?IS MORE POIGNANTLY ?AN %E 
DID H]SELF4 ,ANGUI% OV] H] LACK ( PHYSICAL *>M SPEAK 9 H] 
HAUNT+LY AUTOBIOGRAPHIC SKET*1 ,! ,R,E,W,>,D ,( ,A,N ,A,P,O,/,A,T,E3 

     04 4 4 ,OH1 ?AT MY GOD WILL NONE ( ME6 ,?AT IS AN OLD 
     SORR[6 ,MY GOD WAS ,BEAUTY1 & ,I AM ALL UNBEAUTIFUL1 & 
     EV] WAS4 ,!RE IS NO GRACE 9 !SE H>% LIMBS ( M9E1 
     NOR WAS AT ANY TIME4 ,I1 TO :OM ! GLORY ( A LIT EYE WAS 
     AS ! %9+ ( />S 9 A DEEP WELL1 HAVE ONLY DULL & 
     FAD$ EYES1 & ALWAYS HAD2 ! *ISEL$ LIP & *9 
     :]EOV] RUNS ! RADIANCE ( LIFE 9 BUBBL+ GLEAMS1 ! 
     CUP ( LIV+ W9E WAS NEV] M9E TO TA/E OR KISS4 ,I AM 
     E>?-COLOR$ & = MY [N UGL9ESS SIT 9 ! %AD[S1 
     ?AT ! SUNLI<T MAY NOT SEE ME1 NOR ! BELOV$ ( MY GOD4 
     ,BUT1 ONCE1 9 MY HIDD5 CORN]1 BEH9D A CURTA9 ( %AD[S1 
     ,I BL9K$ AT ! GLORY ( ! WORLD1 & HAD SU* JOY ( IT 
     AS ONLY ! UGLY KN[1 SITT+ SIL5T & WOR%IP+1 
     =GETT+ !MSELVES & =GOTT54 ,H]E 9 MY BRA9 IT 
     GL[$1 ! %IMM]+ ( ! DY+ SUN UPON ! %ORE1 ! 
     LONG .<GOLD.> L9E BETWE5 ! S& & SEA1 :]E ! SLID+ 
     FOAM CAU<T FIRE & BURN$ TO DEA? 4 4 4 

     ,H]E 9 MY BRA91 MY SIL5T UNREVEAL+ BRA91 W]E ! EYES 
     ,I LOV$1 ! LIPS ,I D>$ NOT KISS1 ! SCULPTUR$ HEAD & 
     T5DRIL$ HAIR4 ,!Y W]E H]E ALWAYS 9 MY WOND]-H\SE1 
     MY H\SE ( ,BEAUTY4 ,! TEMPLE ( MY GOD4 ,I %UT ! DOOR ON 
     COMMON LIFE & WOR%IP$ H]E4 ,& NO BRI<T1 LIV+1 
     FLY+ ?+ 9 :OSE BODY BEAUTY DWELLS AS GUE/ CAN GUESS 
     ! EC/ATIC JOY ( A BR[N1 SIL5T CREATURE1 A TOAD-?+1 
     SQUATT+ ON ! %AD[$ GR\ND1 SELF-BLOTT$1 MOTIONLESS1 
     ?RILL+ ) ! PRES5CE ( ,ALL-,BEAUTY1 ?\< IT HAS NO 
     P>T !RE940  

,?IS IS COMPLEM5T$ BY A DESCRIPTION ( H] O!R GOD1 ! GOD 
( PHYSICAL /R5G?1 ! MAK] & BREAK] ( ?+S1 ! RE-MOLD] ( ! WORLD4 ,N[ %E FOLL[$ HIM & W\LD HAVE RUN 
ABREA/ BECAUSE %E LOV$ HIM SO1-- 

     0NOT ) ?AT /ILL EC/ASY ( .<FLOOD+.> JOY :]E) MY 
     [N GOD FILL$ ME ( OLD1 BUT ) IMPETU\S1 EAG] FIRES1 
     ?AT BURN$ & BEAT ?R\< ALL ! BLOOD-?READS ( ME4 ',I 
     LOVE Y\1 LOVE ME BACK1' ,I CRI$1 & W\LD HAVE FLUNG 
     MYSELF UPON HIS NECK4 ,!N HE TURN$ ON ME ) A RU?LESS 
     BL[2 & FL$ AWAY OV] ! WORLD1 LEAV+ ME CRIPPL$1 
     /RICK51 P[]LESS1 A FI]CE PA9 DRIV+ ?R\< MY VE9S--GU/S ( PA96--& ,I CREPT BACK 9TO MY .<OLD.> CAV]N1 
     /UMBL+1 BL9D & DEAF1 ONLY = ! HAUNT+ VISION ( 
     MY %AME & ! RU%+ S\ND ( FEV]$ BLOOD 4 4 40 

,I QUOT$ AT L5G? BECAUSE ?IS SKET* IS SYMBOLIC ( 
,VOLTAIR9E'S EMOTIONAL TRAG$IES & S+UL>LY SELF-REVEAL+ ( 
! /RUGGLES SIL5TLY F\<T AGA9/ ! FATES ?AT GAVE H] SO 
LITTLE ( :AT %E CRAV$ MO/4 ,YET1 ,VOLTAIR9E HAD H] [N 
PECULI> *>M :I* %[$ ITSELF MO/ PLEAS+LY :5 %E WAS 
R\S$ OV] SOME WRONG1 OR :5 H] PALE FACE LIT UP ) ! 
9N] FIRE ( H] IDEAL4 ,BUT ! M5 :O CAME 9TO H] LIFE 
R>ELY FELT IT2 !Y W]E TOO OV]AW$ BY H] 9TELLECTUAL 
SUP]IORITY1 :I* HELD !M = A TIME4 ,BUT ! FAMI%$ S\L ( 
,VOLTAIR9E DE ,CLEYRE CRAV$ = MORE ?AN M]E ADMIRATION :I* 
! M5 HAD EI!R NOT ! CAPACITY OR ! GRACE TO GIVE4 ,EA* 9 
HIS [N WAY 0TURN$ ON H] ) A RU?LESS BL[10 & LEFT H] 
DESOLATE1 SOLIT>Y1 HE>T-HUNGRY4 

,VOLTAIR9E'S EMOTIONAL DEFEAT IS NOT AN EXCEPTIONAL CASE2 IT IS 
! TRAG$Y ( MANY 9TELLECTUAL WOM54 ,PHYSICAL ATTRACTION 
ALWAYS HAS BE51 & NO D\BT ALWAYS WILL BE1 A DECISIVE FACTOR 
9 ! LOVE-LIFE ( TWO P]SONS4 ,SEX-RELATION%IP AMONG MOD]N 
PEOPLES HAS C]TA9LY LO/ MU* ( ITS =M] CRUD5ESS & 
VULG>ITY4 ,YET IT REMA9S A FACT TODAY1 AS IT HAS BE5 = AGES1 
?AT M5 >E *IEFLY ATTRACT$ NOT BY A WOMAN'S BRA9 OR TAL5TS1 
BUT BY H] PHYSICAL *>M4 ,?AT DOES NOT NECESS>ILY IMPLY ?AT 
!Y PREF] WOMAN TO BE /UPID4 ,IT DOES IMPLY1 H[EV]1 MO/ M5 
PREF] BEAUTY TO BRA9S1 P]HAPS BECAUSE 9 TRUE MALE FA%ION 
!Y FLATT] !MSELVES ?AT !Y HAVE NO NE$ ( ! =M] 9 
!IR [N PHYSICAL MAKE-UP & ?AT !Y HAVE SUFFICI5T ( ! 
LATT] NOT TO SEEK = IT 9 !IR WIVES4 ,AT ANY RATE1 !RE9 
HAS BE5 ! TRAG$Y ( MANY 9TELLECTUAL WOM54 

,!RE WAS ONE MAN 9 ,VOLTAIR9E'S LIFE :O *]I%$ H] = ! 
BEAUTY ( H] SPIRIT & ! QUALITY ( H] M9D1 & :O 
REMA9$ A VITAL =CE 9 H] LIFE UNTIL HIS [N SAD 5D4 ,?IS 
MAN WAS ,DY] ,D4 ,LUM1 ! COMRADE ( ,ALB]T ,P>SONS & HIS CO$ITOR ON  
,! ,AL>M--! ,AN>*I/ PAP] PUBLI%$ 9 ,*ICAGO 
BE=E ! DEA? ( ,P>SONS4 ,H[ MU* !IR FRI5D%IP MEANT TO 
,VOLTAIR9E WE LE>N FROM H] BEAUTIFUL TRIBUTE TO ,DY] ,D4 ,LUM 9 
H] POEM ,9 ,M,E,M,O,R,I,A,M FROM :I* ,I QUOTE ! LA/ /ANZA3 

     0,OH1 ,LIFE1 ,I LOVE Y\ = ! LOVE ( HIM 

     ,:O %[$ ME ALL Y\R GLORY & Y\R PA96 

     ',9TO ,NIRVANA'--SO ! DEEP TONES S+-- 

     ,& !RE--& !RE--WE %ALL--BE--ONE--AGA940 

,MEASUR$ BY ! ORD9>Y Y>D-/ICK1 ,VOLTAIR9E DE ,CLEYRE WAS 
ANY?+ BUT NORMAL 9 H] FEEL+S & REACTIONS4 ,=TUNATELY1 
! GREAT ( ! WORLD CANNOT BE WEI<$ 9 NUMB]S & SCALES2 
!IR WOR? LIES 9 ! MEAN+ & PURPOSE !Y GIVE TO 
EXI/5CE1 & ,VOLTAIR9E HAS UND\BT$LY 5RI*$ LIFE ) 
MEAN+ & GIV5 SUBLIME IDEALISM AS ITS PURPOSE4 ,BUT1 AS A 
/UDY ( HUMAN COMPLEXITIES %E (F]S RI* MAT]IAL4 
      
,! WOMAN :O CONSECRAT$ H]SELF TO ! S]VICE ( ! 
SUBM]G$1 ACTUALLY EXP]I5C+ POIGNANT AGONY AT ! SI<T ( 
SUFF]+1 :E!R ( *ILDR5 OR DUMB ANIMALS 7%E WAS OBSESS$ 
BY LOVE = ! LATT] & W\LD GIVE %ELT] & N\RI%M5T TO 
EV]Y /RAY CAT & DOG1 EV5 TO ! EXT5T ( BREAK+ ) A 
FRI5D BECAUSE %E OBJECT$ TO H] CATS 9VAD+ EV]Y CORN] ( 
! H\SE71 ! WOMAN :O LOV$ H] MO!R DEVOT$LY1 MA9TA9+ 
H] AT ! CO/ ( H] [N NE$S1--?IS G5]\S COMRADE :OSE 
HE>T W5T \T TO ALL :O W]E 9 PA9 OR SORR[1 WAS ALMO/ 
5TIRELY LACK+ 9 ! MO!R 9/9CT4 ,P]HAPS IT NEV] HAD A 
*ANCE TO ASS]T ITSELF 9 AN ATMOSPH]E ( FRE$OM & H>MONY4 
,! ONE *ILD %E BR\<T 9TO ! WORLD HAD NOT BE5 WANT$4 
,VOLTAIR9E WAS DEA?LY ILL ! :OLE P]IOD ( PREGNANCY1 ! 
BIR? ( H] *ILD NE>LY CO/+ ! MO!R'S LIFE4 ,H] 
SITUATION WAS AGGRAVAT$ BY ! S]I\S RIFT ?AT TOOK PLACE AT 
?IS TIME 9 H] RELATION%IP ) ! FA!R ( ?IS *ILD4 ,! 
/IFL+ ,PURITAN ATMOSPH]E 9 :I* ! TWO LIV$ DID NOT S]VE 
TO IMPROVE MATT]S4 ,ALL ( IT RESULT$ 9 ! LITTLE ONE BE+ 
FREQU5TLY *ANG$ FROM PLACE TO PLACE & LAT] EV5 US$ BY ! 
FA!R AS A BAIT TO COMPEL ,VOLTAIR9E TO RETURN TO HIM4 
,SUBSEQU5TLY1 DEPRIV$ ( OPPORTUNITY TO SEE H] *ILD1 KEPT 9 
IGNORANCE EV5 ( ITS :]EAB\TS1 %E GRADUALLY GREW AWAY FROM 
HIM4 ,MANY YE>S PASS$ BE=E %E SAW ! BOY AGA9 & HE WAS 
!N SEV5TE5 YE>S ( AGE4 ,H] EF=TS TO IMPROVE HIS MU*-NEGLECT$ $UCATION MET ) FAILURE4 ,!Y W]E /RANG]S TO EA* 
O!R4 ,QUITE NATURALLY P]HAPS1 H] MALE *ILD FELT LIKE MO/ M5 
9 H] LIFE2 HE1 TOO1 WAS OV]AW$ BY H] 9TELLECT1 REPELL$ BY 
H] AU/]E MODE ( LIV+4 ,HE W5T HIS WAY4 ,HE IS TODAY 
PROBABLY1 ONE ( ! #a.0 ,AM]ICANS1 COMMONPLACE & DULL4 

,YET ,VOLTAIR9E DE ,CLEYRE LOV$ Y\? & UND]/OOD IT AS FEW 
GR[N PEOPLE DO4 ,*>ACT]I/ICALLY1 %E WROTE TO A Y\NG FRI5D 
:O WAS DEAF & ) :OM IT WAS DIFFICULT TO CONV]SE ORALLY3 

     0,:Y DO Y\ SAY Y\ >E DRIFT+ F>!R & F>!R FROM 
     ?OSE DE> TO Y\8 ,I DO NOT ?9K Y\R EXP]I5CE 9 ?AT 
     RESPECT IS DUE TO Y\R DEAFNESS2 BUT TO ! SWELL ( LIFE 9 
     Y\4 ,ALL Y\NG CREATURES FEEL ! TIME COME :5 A NEW SURGE 
     ( LIFE OV]COMES !M1 DRIVES !M ONW>D1 !Y KN[ NOT 
     :]E4 ,& !Y LOSE HOLD ON ! CRADLES ( LIFE1 & 
     P>5TAL LOVE1 & !Y ALMO/ SUFFOCATE ) ! PRESSURE 
     ( =CES 9 !MSELVES4 ,& EV5 IF !Y HE> !Y FEEL SO 
     VAGUE1 RE/LESS1 LOOK+ = SOME DEF9ITE ?+ TO COME4 

     ,IT SEEMS TO Y\ IT IS Y\R DEAFNESS2 BUT :ILE ?AT IS A 
     T]RIBLE ?+1 Y\ MU/N'T ?9K IT W\LD SOLVE ! PROBLEM 
     ( LONEL9ESS IF Y\ C\LD HE>4 ,I KN[ H[ Y\R S\L MU/ 
     FI<T AGA9/ ! 9EVITABILITY ( Y\R DEPRIVATION2 ,I1 TOO1 
     C\LD NEV] BE SATISFI$ & RESIGN$ TO ! '9EVITABLE4' ,I 
     F\<T IT :5 !RE WAS NO USE & NO HOPE4 ,BUT ! MA9 
     CAUSE ( LONEL9ESS IS1 AS ,I SAY1 ! SURGE ( LIFE1 :I* 
     9 TIME WILL F9D ITS [N EXPRESSION4 

,FULL WELL %E KNEW 0! SURGE ( LIFE10 & ! TRAG$Y ( VA9 
SEEK+ = AN \TLET1 = 9 H] IT HAD BE5 SUPPRESS$ SO LONG 
?AT %E WAS R>ELY ABLE TO GIVE V5T TO IT1 EXCEPT 9 H] 
WRIT+S4 ,%E DREAD$ 0COMPANY0 & CR[DS1 ?\< %E WAS AT 
HOME ON ! PLAT=M2 PROXIMITY %E %RANK FROM4 ,H] RES]VE & 
ISOLATION1 H] 9ABILITY TO BREAK ?R\< ! WALL RAIS$ BY 
YE>S ( SIL5CE 9 ! ,CONV5T & YE>S ( ILLNESS >E 
DISCLOS$ 9 A LETT] TO H] Y\NG CORRESPOND5T3 

     0,MO/ ( ! TIME ,I %R9K AWAY FROM PEOPLE & TALK--ESPECIALLY TALK4 ,) ! EXCEPTION ( A FEW--A V]Y FEW 
     PEOPLE1 ,I HATE TO SIT 9 PEOPLE'S COMPANY4 ,Y\ SEE ,I HAVE 
     7= A NUMB] ( REASONS ,I CANNOT EXPLA9 TO ANYBODY7 HAD TO 
     GO AWAY FROM ! HOME & FRI5DS :]E ,I LIV$ = TW5TY 
     YE>S4 ,& NO MATT] H[ GOOD O!R PEOPLE >E TO ME1 ,I 
     NEV] FEEL AT HOME ANY:]E4 ,I FEEL LIKE A LO/ OR W&]+ 
     CREATURE ?AT HAS NO PLACE1 & CANNOT F9D ANY?+ TO BE 
     AT HOME )4 ,& ?AT'S :Y ,I DON'T TALK MU* TO Y\1 NOR 
     TO O!RS 7EXCEPT+ ! TWO OR ?REE ?AT ,I KNEW 9 ! 
     EA/74 ,I AM ALWAYS F> AWAY4 ,I CANNOT HELP IT4 ,I AM TOO OLD 
     TO LE>N TO LIKE NEW CORN]S4 ,EV5 AT HOME ,I NEV] TALK$ 
     MU*1 ) BUT ONE OR TWO P]SONS4 ,I'M SORRY4 ,IT'S NOT 
     BECAUSE ,I WANT TO BE MOROSE1 BUT ,I CAN'T BE> COMPANY4 
     ,HAV5'T Y\ NOTIC$ ?AT ,I NEV] LIKE TO SIT AT TABLE :5 
     !RE >E /RANG]S8 ,& IT GETS WORSE ALL ! TIME4 ,DON'T 
     M9D IT40 

,ONLY ON R>E OCCASIONS C\LD ,VOLTAIR9E DE ,CLEYRE FREELY 
COMMUNICATE H]SELF1 GIVE \T ( H] RI* S\L TO ?OSE :O LOV$ 
& UND]/OOD H]4 ,%E WAS A KE5 OBS]V] ( MAN & HIS WAYS1 
QUICKLY DETECT+ %AM & ABLE TO SEP>ATE ! :EAT FROM ! 
*AFF4 ,H] COMM5TS ON SU* OCCASIONS W]E FULL ( P5ETRATION1 
9T]SP]S$ ) A QUIET1 RIPPL+ HUMOR4 ,%E US$ TO TELL AN 
9T]E/+ ANECDOTE AB\T SOME DETECTIVES :O HAD COME TO >RE/ 
H]4 ,IT WAS 9 #a#i#g1 9 ,PHILADELPHIA1 :5 ! GU>DIANS ( LAW 
DESC5D$ UPON H] HOME4 ,!Y W]E MU* SURPRIS$ TO F9D ?AT 
,VOLTAIR9E DID NOT LOOK LIKE ! TRADITIONAL NEWSPAP] ,AN>*I/4 
,!Y SEEM$ SORRY TO >RE/ H]1 BUT 0!M'S ORD]S10 !Y 
APOLOGETICALLY DECL>$4 ,!Y MADE A SE>* ( H] AP>TM5T1 
SCATT]+ H] PAP]S & BOOKS &1 F9ALLY1 DISCOV]+ A COPY 
( H] REVOLUTION>Y POEMS 5TITL$3 ,! ,W,O,R,M ,T,U,R,N,S4 ,) 
CONTEMPT !Y ?REW IT ASIDE4 0,HELL1 IT'S ONLY AB\T WORMS10 !Y 
REM>K$4 

,!Y W]E R>E MOM5TS :5 ,VOLTAIR9E C\LD OV]COME H] %YNESS 
& RES]VE1 & REALLY FEEL AT HOME ) A FEW SELECT$ FRI5DS4 
,ORD9>ILY1 H] NATURAL DISPOSITION1 AGGRAVAT$ BY CON/ANT 
PHYSICAL PA91 & ! DEAF5+ RO> 9 H] E>S1 MADE H] 
TACITURN & EXTREMELY UNCOMMUNICATIVE4 ,%E WAS SOMB]1 ! WOES 
( ! WORLD WEI<+ HEAVILY UPON H]4 ,%E SAW LIFE MO/LY 9 
GRAYS & BLACKS & PA9T$ IT ACCORD+LY4 ,IT IS ?IS :I* 
PREV5T$ ,VOLTAIR9E FROM BECOM+ ONE ( ! GREATE/ WRIT]S ( 
H] TIME4 

,BUT NO ONE :O CAN APPRECIATE LIT]>Y QUALITY & MUSICAL PROSE 
WILL D5Y ,VOLTAIR9E DE ,CLEYRE'S GREATNESS AFT] READ+ ! 
/ORIES & SKET*ES ALREADY M5TION$ & ! O!RS CONTA9$ 
9 H] COLLECT$ WORKS4 
"9  ,P>TICUL>LY1 H] ,*,A,9 ,G,A,N,G1  
PICTUR+ ! NEGRO CONVICTS SLAV+ ON ! HI<WAYS ( ! S\?1 IS = 
BEAUTY ( /YLE1 FEEL+ & DESCRIPTIVE P[]1 A LIT]>Y GEM 
?AT HAS FEW EQUALS 9 ,5GLI% LIT]ATURE4 ,H] ESSAYS >E MO/ 
=CEFUL1 ( EXTREME CL>ITY ( ?\<T & ORIG9AL EXPRESSION4 
,& EV5 H] POEMS1 ?\< SOME:AT OLD-FA%ION$ 9 =M1 RANK 
HI<] ?AN MU* ?AT N[ PASSES = POETRY4 

,H[EV]1 ,VOLTAIR9E DID NOT BELIEVE 9 0>T = >T'S SAKE40 ,TO 
H] >T WAS ! MEANS & ! VEHICLE TO VOICE LIFE 9 ITS EBB 
& FL[1 9 ALL ITS /]N ASPECTS = ?OSE :O TOIL & SUFF]1 
:O DREAM ( FRE$OM & D$ICATE !IR LIVES TO ITS A*IEVEM5T4 
,YET MORE SIGNIFICANT ?AN H] >T WAS ,VOLTAIR9E DE ,CLEYRE'S LIFE 
ITSELF1 A SUPREME H]OISM MOV$ & URG$ ON BY H] EV]-PRES5T 
,DOM9ANT ,IDEA4 

,! PROPHET IS ALI5 9 HIS [N L&4 ,MO/ ALI5 IS ! ,AM]ICAN 
PROPHET4 ,ASK ANY #a-P]C5T] :AT HE KN[S ( ! TRULY GREAT 
M5 & WOM5 ( HIS C\NTRY1 ! SUP]IOR S\LS ?AT GIVE LIFE 
9SPIRATION & BEAUTY1 ! TEA*]S ( NEW VALUES4 ,HE WILL NOT 
BE ABLE TO NAME !M4 ,H[1 !N1 %\LD HE KN[ ( ! WOND]FUL 
SPIRIT ?AT WAS BORN 9 SOME OBSCURE T[N 9 ! ,/ATE ( 
,MI*IGAN1 & :O LIV$ 9 POV]TY ALL H] LIFE1 BUT :O BY %E] 
=CE ( WILL PULL$ H]SELF \T ( A LIV+ GRAVE1 CLE>$ H] 
M9D FROM ! D>KNESS ( SUP]/ITION1--TURN$ H] FACE TO ! 
SUN1 P]CEIV$ A GREAT IDEAL & DET]M9$LY C>RI$ IT TO EV]Y 
CORN] ( H] NATIVE L&8 ,! #a-P]C5T]S FEEL MORE 
COM=TABLE :5 !RE IS NO ONE TO DI/URB !IR DRABNESS4 ,BUT 
! FEW :O !MSELVES >E S\LS 9 PA91 :O LONG = BREAD? 
& VISION--!Y NE$ TO KN[ AB\T ,VOLTAIR9E DE ,CLEYRE4 ,!Y 
NE$ TO KN[ ?AT ,AM]ICAN SOIL SOMETIMES DOES BR+ =? 
EXQUISITE PLANTS4 ,SU* CONSCI\SNESS WILL BE 5C\RAG+4 ,IT IS 
= !M ?AT ?IS SKET* IS WRITT51 = !M ?AT ,VOLTAIR9E DE 
,CLEYRE1 :OSE BODY LIES 9 ,WALDHEIM1 IS BE+ SPIRITUALLY 
RESURRECT$--AS IT W]E--AS ! POET-REBEL1 ! LIB]TY-LOV+ 
>TI/1 ! GREATE/ WOMAN-,AN>*I/ ( ,AM]ICA4 ,BUT MORE 
GRAPHICALLY ?AN ANY DESCRIPTION ( M9E1 H] [N WORDS 9 ! 
CLOS+ *APT] ( ,! ,M,A,K,+ ,( ,A,N ,A,N,>,*,I,/ EXPRESS ! TRUE 
P]SONALITY ( ,VOLTAIR9E DE ,CLEYRE3-- 

     0,GOOD-NATUR$ SATIRI/S (T5 REM>K ?AT '! BE/ WAY TO 
     CURE AN ,AN>*I/ IS TO GIVE HIM A =TUNE4' ,SUB/ITUT+ 
     'CORRUPT' = 'CURE1' ,I W\LD SUBSCRIBE TO ?IS2 & 
     BELIEV+ MYSELF TO BE NO BETT] ?AN ! RE/ ( MORTALS1 ,I 
     E>NE/LY HOPE ?AT AS SO F> IT HAS BE5 MY .<LOT.> TO WORK1 
     & WORK H>D1 & = NO =TUNE1 SO ,I MAY CONT9UE TO ! 
     5D2 = LET ME KEEP ! 9TEGRITY ( MY S\L1 ) ALL ! 
     LIMITATIONS ( MY MAT]IAL CONDITIONS1 RA!R ?AN BECOME 
     ! SP9E-LESS & IDEAL-LESS CREATION ( MAT]IAL NE$S4 ,MY 
     REW>D IS ?AT ,I LIVE ) ! Y\NG2 ,I KEEP /EP ) MY 
     COMRADES2 ,I %ALL DIE 9 ! H>NESS ) MY FACE TO ! 
     EA/--! ,EA/ & ! ,LI<T40 

"9 
,S,E,L,E,C,T,$ ,W,O,R,K,S BY ,VOLTAIR9E DE ,CLEYRE1 PUBLI%$ BY ,MO!R 
,E>? ,PUBLI%+ ,ASSOCIATION1 ,NEW ,YORK1 #a#i#a#d4 

.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-"9"9.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.- 

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,P,R,9,T,$ ,= ,! ,F,I,R,/ ,T,I,M,E ,F,R,O,M ,A,N ,U,N,P,U,B,L,I,%,$ ,M,S4 ,! 
,C,O,M,P,O,S,I,T,I,O,N ,W,A,S ,H,&-,S,E,T ,) ,! ,G,>,A,M,O,N,D ,T,Y,P,E2 ,N,O ,P,L,A,T,E,S ,W,],E 
,M,A,D,E ,A,S ,! ,P,R,9,T,$ ,=,M,S ,W,],E ,D,I,/,R,I,B,U,T,$4 

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,! ,O,R,I,O,L,E ,P,R,E,S,S     

,C,O,M,P,L,E,T,$ ,9 ,J,A,N,U,>,Y ,M,C,M,X,X,X,I,I 

,S\RCE3 ,VOLTAIR9E ,DE ,CLEYRE 
BY ,EMMA ,GOLDMAN 
.<,PUBLI%$ PRIVATELY BY ,! ,ORIOLE ,PRESS1 ,B]KELEY  
,HEI<TS1 ,NEW ,J]SEY1 MCMXXXII.> 

,$ITION LIMIT$ TO TWO-HUNDR$ COPIES ( :I* FIFTY >E PR9T$ 

ON ,NUREMB]G DECKLE-$GE PAP] = PRIVATE DI/RIBUTION 

) ! COMPLIM5TS ( ! PUBLI%] 

,FROM 3 ,UNIV]SITY ( ,B]KELEY4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #aiac 3 ,VOLTAIR9E ,DE ,CLEYRE -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,JANU>Y #b#e1 #bag 3 ,VOLTAIR9E ,DE ,CLEYRE -- ,ADD$4 
,DECEMB] #c1 #bba 3 ,VOLTAIR9E ,DE ,CLEYRE -- ,UPDAT$4 

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