,W> & ,PEACE 9 ,KURDI/AN 
,P]SPECTIVES = A POLITICAL SOLUTION ( ! ,KURDI% QUE/ION 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,ABDULLAH ,OCALAN 

,TEXT 3 

,=EWORD 

,EV]YDAY LIFE 9 ! ,MIDDLE ,EA/ IS DOM9AT$ BY NUM]\S CONFLICTS1 :I* (T5 APPE> /RANGE TO WE/]N EYES AS !Y SEEM TO ELUDE ! WE/]N UND]/&+ ( RATIO & LOGOS4 ,?IS IS ALSO TRUE = ! ,KURDI% QUE/ION1 ONE ( ! MO/ COMPLEX & BLOODY FIELDS ( CONFLICT 9 ! ,MIDDLE ,EA/ /ILL AWAIT+ A SOLUTION4 ,H[EV]1 AS LONG AS WE DO NOT DISCUSS ALL DIM5SIONS ( ?IS CONFLICT EQUALLY1 IT WILL BE CONT9U$ & EV5 FUR!R AGGRAVAT$1 ?US CREAT+ NEW & F>-REA*+ PROBLEMS4 ,! HI/ORICAL1 ECONOMIC & POLITICAL DIM5SIONS ( ! ,KURDI% QUE/ION EXCE$ BY F> ! ,>AB-,ISRAELI CONFLICT1 :I*1 9 CONTRA/ ) ! ,KURDI% QUE/ION1 5JOYS ! ATT5TION ( ! 9T]NATIONAL PUBLIC4 ,KN[L$GE AB\T ?IS CONFLICT IS LIMIT$1 & BECAUSE IT IS TAK+ PLACE 9 ONE ( ! MO/ C5TRAL REGIONS ( ! ,MIDDLE ,EA/ BO? ) RESPECT TO DEMOGRAPHY & GEO/RATEGIC IMPORTANCE1 ?IS DEFICIT (T5 RESULTS 9 ONE-SID$ & SUP]FICIAL ANALYSIS ( ?IS COMPLEX PROBLEM4 

,S9CE ! SETTLEM5T >EA ( ! ,KURDS SPANS ! PRES5T T]RITORIES ( ,>ABS1 ,P]SIANS & ,TURKS ! ,KURDI% QUE/ION NECESS>ILY 9FLU5CES MO/ ( ! REGION4 ,A SOLUTION 9 ONE P>T ( ,KURDI/AN ALSO AFFECTS O!R P>TS ( ,KURDI/AN & NEI<BOR+ C\NTRIES4 ,CONV]SELY1 ! DE/RUCTIVE APPROA* ( ACTORS 9 ONE C\NTRY MAY HAVE NEGATIVE EFFECTS = ! SOLUTION ( ! ,KURDI% QUE/ION 9 ONE ( ! O!R C\NTRIES4 ,! RUGG$ ,KURDI% L&SCAPE IS PRACTICALLY MADE = >M$ /RUGGLE1 & ! ,KURDS HAVE BE5 FI<T+ COLONIZATION OR CONQUE/ BY =EIGN P[]S S9CE TIME IMMEMORIAL4 ,RESI/ANCE HAS BECOME P>T ( !IR LIFE & CULTURE4 

,AT ! BEG9N+ ( EV]Y SOLUTION PROCESS ! CONFLICT NE$S TO BE RECOGNIZ$ & DEF9$4 ,) A VIEW TO ! ,KURDI% QUE/ION A REALI/IC DEF9ITION ( ! ,KURDI% PH5OM5ON IS !RE=E IMPORTANT4 ,H[EV]1 IT IS H]E ALREADY1 :]E MU* ( ! DISAGREEM5T BEG9S4 ,:ILE ! ,>ABS CALL ! ,KURDS 0,>ABS FROM ,YEM501 ! ,TURKS CALL !M 0M\NTA9 ,TURKS0 & ! ,P]SIANS REG>D !M AS !IR E?NIC C\NT]P>TS4 ,IT IS NOT A/ONI%+1 !RE=E1 ?AT !IR POLITICAL /ANCE 9 ! ,KURDI% QUE/ION IS M>K$ BY >GUM5TS OV] DEF9ITIONS4 

,! ,KURDI% QUE/ION HAS NOT BE5 CREAT$ \T ( ! BLUE4 ,IT IS ! PRODUCT ( A LONG HI/ORICAL PROCESS & DOES NOT HAVE MU* 9 COMMON ) SIMIL> ISSUES 9 O!R P>TS ( ! WORLD4 ,9 FACT1 !RE IS A NUMB] ( FUNDAM5TAL PECULI>ITIES & DIFF]5CES4 ,BO? ( !M NE$ TO BE DEF9$ 9 A SOLUTION PROCESS4 ,ANY POLICY BUILD+ M]ELY ON APP>5T COMMON GR\ND LEADS TO IRRESOLVABLE PROBLEMS4 ,A POLICY T>GET$ ON A SOLUTION NE$S TO REALI/ICALLY ANALYZE ! PH5OM5ON & 9CLUDE BO? ! NATIONAL1 POLITICAL & SOCIAL BACKGR\ND & ALSO ALL P>TIES 9VOLV$ 9 ! CONFLICT4 ,IT IS 9DISP5SABLE1 !RE=E1 TO RECOGNIZE ! EXI/5CE ( ! ,KURDI% PH5OM5ON4 ,?IS1 ON ! O!R H&1 IS NOT POSSIBLE )\T 9=MATION AB\T ! HI/ORICAL BACKGR\ND4 

,ETYMOLOGY ( ! WORDS ,KURD & ,KURDI/AN 

,! NAME ,KURDI/AN GOES BACK TO ! ,SUM]IAN WORD KUR1 :I* MEANT SOME?+ LIKE M\NTA9 MORE ?AN #e1 YE>S AGO4 ,! SUFFIX TI /OOD = AFFILIATION4 ,! WORD KURTI !N HAD ! MEAN+ ( M\NTA9 TRIBE OR M\NTA9 PEOPLE4 ,! ,LUWIANS1 A PEOPLE SETTL+ 9 WE/]N ,ANATOLIA AB\T #c1 YE>S AGO1 CALL$ ,KURDI/AN ,GONDWANA1 :I* MEANT L& ( ! VILLAGES 9 !IR LANGUAGE4 ,9 ,KURDI%1 GOND IS /ILL ! WORD = VILLAGE4 ,DUR+ ! REIGN ( ,ASSURE ! ,KURDS W]E CALL$ ,NAIRI1 :I* MEANT AS MU* AS PEOPLE BY ! RIV]4 

,9 ! ,MIDDLE ,AGES UND] ! REIGN ( ! ,>AB SULTANATES ! ,KURDI% >EAS W]E REF]R$ TO AS BEL$ EKRAD4 ,! ,SELJUK ,SULTANS :O SPOKE ,P]SIAN W]E ! FIR/ :O US$ ! WORD ,KURDI/AN1 L& ( ! ,KURDS1 9 !IR (FICIAL COMMUNIQUES4 ,! ,OTTOMAN SULTANS ALSO CALL$ ! SETTLEM5T >EA ( ! ,KURDS ,KURDI/AN4 ,UNTIL ! TW5TIES ( ! LA/ C5TURY ?IS WAS A G5]ALLY US$ NAME4 ,AFT] #aibe ! EXI/5CE ( ! ,KURDS WAS D5I$1 P>TICUL>LY 9 ,TURKEY4 

,KURDI% SETTLEM5T >EA & ,KURDI% LANGUAGE 

,!Y DO EXI/1 ?\<4 ,KURDI/AN COMPRISES AN >EA ( #d#e1 SQU>E KILOMET]S1 :I* IS SURR\ND$ BY ! SETTLEM5T >EAS ( ! ,P]SIANS1 ,AZ]IS1 ,>ABS1 & ,ANATOLIAN ,TURKS4 ,IT IS ONE ( ! MO/ M\NTA9\S1 =E/ & WAT] RI* >EAS 9 ! ,MIDDLE ,EA/ & IS P]VAD$ BY NUM]\S F]TILE PLA9S4 ,AGRICULTURE HAS BE5 AT HOME H]E = ?\S&S ( YE>S4 ,IT WAS H]E ?AT ! ,NEOLI?IC REVOLUTION BEGAN :5 ! HUNT]-GA!R]S SETTL$ D[N & BEGAN F>M+ ! FIELDS4 ,! REGION IS ALSO CALL$ ! CRADLE ( CIVILIZATION4 ,?ANKS TO ITS GEOGRAPHICAL POSITION ! ,KURDS HAVE BE5 ABLE TO PROTECT !IR EXI/5CE AS AN E?NIC COMMUNITY UNTIL TODAY4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 IT WAS ! EXPOS$ POSITION ( ! ,KURDI% SETTLEM5T >EA :I* (T5 WETT$ ! APPETITE ( EXT]NAL P[]S & 9VIT$ !M TO RAIDS & CONQUE/4 ,! ,KURDI% LANGUAGE REFLECTS ! 9FLU5CE ( ! ,NEOLI?IC REVOLUTION1 :I* IS BELIEV$ TO HAVE BEGUN 9 ! REGION ( ! ,ZAGROS & ,TAURUS M\NTA9S4 ,KURDI% BELONGS TO ! ,9DO-,EUROPEAN FAMILY ( LANGUAGES4 

,A %ORT \TL9E ( ,KURDI% HI/ORY 

,IT IS HI<LY PROBABLE ?AT ,KURDI% LANGUAGE & CULTURE BEGAN TO DEVELOP DUR+ ! F\R? ICE AGE 7#b1-#a#e1 ,B,C74 ,!Y >E ONE ( ! OLDE/ AUTO*?ON POPULATIONS 9 ! REGION4 ,AB\T #f1 ,B,C !Y =M$ MORE BRAN*ES4 ,HI/ORIOGRAPHY FIR/ M5TIONS ! ,KURDS AS AN E?NIC GR\P 9 CONNECTION ) ! ,HURRIANS 7#c1- #b1 ,B,C74 ,SO IT IS ASSUM$ ?AT ! PR$ECESSORS ( ! ,KURDS1 ! ,HURRIANS1 LIV$ 9 TRIBAL CONF$]ATIONS & K+DOMS TOGE!R ) ! ,MITANNI1 DESC5DANTS ( ! ,HURRIANS1 ! ,NAIRI1 ! ,UR>TEANS1 & ! ,M$ES4 ,!SE POLITICAL /RUCTURES HAD ALREADY RUDIM5T>Y /ATE-LIKE FEATURES4 ,AT ?AT TIME PATRI>*AL SOCIAL /RUCTURES W]E NOT V]Y DI/9CT4 ,BO? 9 ! ,NEOLI?IC AGRICULTURAL SOCIETIES AS 9 ! ,KURDI% SOCIAL /RUCTURES WOM5 HAD A PROM95T POSITION1 :I* %[$ ALSO 9 ! ,NEOLI?IC REVOLUTION4 

,IT WAS ,ZOROA/RIANISM :I* LA/+LY *ANG$ ! ,KURDI% WAY ( ?9K+ 9 ! TIME BETWE5 #g & #ee ,B,C4 ,ZOROA/RIANISM CULTIVAT$ A WAY ( LIFE ?AT WAS M>K$ BY WORK 9 ! FIELDS1 :]E M5 & WOM5 W]E ON P> ) EA* O!R4 ,LOVE ( ANIMALS HAD AN IMPORTANT POSITION & FRE$OM WAS A HI< MORAL GOOD4 ,ZOROA/RIAN CULTURE EQUALLY 9FLU5C$ EA/]N & WE/]N CIVILIZATION1 S9CE BO? ,P]SIANS & ,HELL5ES ADOPT$ MANY ( !SE CULTURAL 9FLU5CES4 ,! ,P]SIAN CIVILIZATION1 H[EV]1 WAS F\ND$ BY ! ,M$ES1 :I* >E BELIEV$ TO BELONG TO ! PR$ECESSORS ( ! ,KURDS4 ,9 ,H]ODOTUS' HI/ORIES !RE IS MU* EVID5CE = A DIVISION ( P[] AMONG BO? E?NIC GR\PS 9 ! ,P]SIAN ,EMPIRE4 ,?IS IS ALSO TRUE = ! SUBSEQU5T ,SASSANID ,EMPIRE4 

,DUR+ CLASSIC ANTIQUITY ! ,HELL5IC ]A LEFT DEEP TRACES 9 ! EA/]N HEMISPH]E4 ,! PR9CIPALITIES ,ABG> 9 ,URFA & ,KOMAG5E1 ! C5T] ( :I* WAS NE> ,ADIYAMAN-,SAMSAT1 & ! K+DOM ( ,PALMYRA 9 ,SYRIA W]E DEEPLY 9FLU5C$ BY ! ,GREEKS4 ,WE MAY SAY ?AT IT IS !RE ?AT WE CAN F9D ! FIR/ SYN!SIS ( ORI5TAL & OCCID5TAL CULTURAL 9FLU5CES4 ,?IS SPECIAL CULTURAL 5C\NT] LA/$ UNTIL ,PALMYRA WAS CONQU]$ BY ! ,ROMAN ,EMPIRE 9 #bfi ,A,D1 :I* BR\<T AB\T LONG-T]M NEGATIVE CONSEQU5CES = ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! 5TIRE REGION4 ,! APPE>ANCE ( ! ,SASSANID ,EMPIRE ALSO DID NOT 5D ! ,KURDI% 9FLU5CE4 ,WE MAY ASSUME ?AT DUR+ ?IS TIME 7#b#a#f - #feb ,A,D7 ! FEUDAL /RUCTURES W]E =M$ 9 ,KURDI/AN4 ,) ! RISE ( FEUDALISM ! E?NIC COHESION BEGAN TO DECAY4 ,! ,KURDI% SOCIETY DEVELOP$ 9CREAS+LY FEUDAL /RUCTUR$ BONDS4 ,?IS C\RSE ( DEVELOPM5T T[>DS A FEUDAL CIVILIZATION CONTRIBUT$ SU/A9ABLY TO ! ,ISLAMIC REVOLUTION4 ,ISLAM WAS DIRECT$ AGA9/ ! SLAVEHOLD] /RUCTURES & *ANG$ ! E?NICAL RELATIONS DUR+ ! TIME ( URBANIZATION4 ,AT ! SAME TIME IT REVOLUTIONIZ$ ! FEUDAL SOCIETIES M5TALLY & GAVE !M AN IDEOLOGICAL BASIS4 

,! DECL9E ( ! ,SASSANID ,EMPIRE 7#f#e ,A,D7 HELP$ ,ISLAM CREATE A FEUDAL ,KURDI% >I/OCRACY1 :I* WAS /RONGLY 9FLU5C$ BY ,>ABIZATION4 ,IT BECAME ONE ( ! /RONGE/ SOCIAL & POLITICAL =MATIONS ( ITS TIME4 ,! ,KURDI% DYNA/Y ( ! ,AYYUBIDS 7#a#a#g#e-#a#b#e ,A,D7 EVOLV$ 9TO ONE ( ! MO/ POT5T DYNA/IES ( ! ,MIDDLE ,EA/1 EX]CIS+ GREAT 9FLU5CE ON ! ,KURDS4 

,ON ! O!R H&1 ! ,KURDS MA9TA9$ CLOSE RELATIONS TO ! ,SELJUK ,SULTANATE1 :I* TOOK OV] ! RULE FROM ! ,ABBASIDS 9 #a#e#e4 ,DYNA/IES ( ,KURDI% DESC5T LIKE ! ,%$DADIS1 ,BUYIDIS1 & ,M>WANIDES 7#i#i - #a#i7 DEVELOP$ 9TO FEUDAL PETTY /ATES4 ,O!R PR9CIPALITIES FOLL[$4 ,! RUL+ CLASS ( ! ,KURDS 5JOY$ A L>GE AUTONOMY 9 ! ,OTTOMAN ,EMPIRE 

,! #a#i? C5TURY (F]$ ! ,KURDS DEEP 9CISIONS4 ,9 ! C\RSE ( DET]IORAT+ RELATIONS ) ! ,OTTOMANS SEV]AL ,KURDI% UPRIS+S OCCURR$4 ,5GLI% & ,FR5* MISSION>IES BR\<T ! IDEA ( SEP>ATISM 9TO ! ,>M5IAN & ,>AMAIC *UR*ES & CONTRIBUT$ SO TO A *AOTIC SITUATION4 ,FUR!RMORE1 ! RELATIONS BETWE5 ,>M5IANS 7,ASSYRIANS7 & ,KURDS BECAME NOTABLY WORSE4 ,?IS FATAL PROCESS 5D$ 9 #aiah AFT] ,WORLD ,W> ,I,I ) ! ALMO/ COMPLETE PHYSICAL & CULTURAL ANNIHILATION ( ! ,>M5IANS & ,>AMEANS1 BE>]S ( A CULTURE SEV]AL ?\S& YE>S OLD 

,AL?\< ! RELATIONS BETWE5 ,KURDS & ,TURKS HAD BE5 S]I\SLY DAMAG$1 !RE WAS AT ! SAME TIME NO BREA* 9 ! RELATIONS BETWE5 ! ,KURDS ON ! ONE H& & ! ,>M5IANS & ,>AMEANS ON ! O!R4 

,/RUGGLES = RES\RCES1 W> & /ATE T]ROR 9 ,KURDI/AN 

,9 ! PA/1 ! GEO/RATEGIC POSITION ( ,KURDI/AN HAD WETT$ APPETITES1 :I* HAD MADE ! C\NTRY A PAWN 9 ! /RUGGLES OV] ! DI/RIBUTION ( RES\RCES1 W>S & /ATE T]ROR4 ,?IS IS /ILL TRUE TODAY & GOES BACK F> 9TO E>LY HI/ORY AS ,KURDI/AN HAD BE5 EXPOS$ TO ATTACKS & RAIDS BY EXT]NAL P[]S AT ALL TIMES4 ,! T]ROR REGIMES ( ! ,ASSYRIAN & ,SCY?IAN ,EMPIRES BETWE5 #a & #ac ,B,C & ! CAMPAIGN ( CONQUE/ BY ,ALEX&] ! ,GREAT >E ! BE/ KN[N EXAMPLES4 ,! ,>AB CONQUE/ WAS FOLL[$ BY ! ,ISLAMIZATION ( ,KURDI/AN4 ,MU* AS ,ISLAM UND]/&S ITSELF AS A RELIGION ( PEACE1 AT ITS HE>T IT HAS ALWAYS BE5 AN IDEOLOGY ( CONQUE/ ( ! ,>AB NATION1 :I* WAS ABLE TO SPREAD QUICKLY 9 ,KURDI/AN4 ,ISLAM PROCE$$ 9TO ! FOO?ILLS ( ! ,TAURUS & ,ZAGROS M\NTA9S4 ,TRIBES ?AT PUT UP RESI/ANCE W]E EXT]M9AT$4 ,9 #a ,A,D ,ISLAM HAD HIT ITS PEAK4 ,!N1 9 ! #a#c? & #a#d? C5TURIES ! ,MONGOLS 9VAD$ ,KURDI/AN4 ,FLI<T & DISPLACEM5T FOLL[$4 ,AFT] ! BATTLE ( ,*ALDIRAN 9 #a#e#a#d1 :I* SAW ! ,OTTOMANS COME (F AS VICTORS1 ! NATURAL EA/]N BORD] ( ! EMPIRE WAS %IFT$ FUR!R EA/W>D4 ,! TREATY ( ,QASR-E ,%IR9 (FICIALLY E/ABLI%$ ! ,IRANIAN & ,TURKI% BORD]S & CONCLUD$ ! P>TITION ( ,KURDI/AN1 :I* HAS CONT9U$ 9TO ! PRES5T4 ,MESOPOTAMIA & ! ,KURDS F\ND !MSELVES = ! MO/ P>T )9 ! BORD]S ( ! ,OTTOMAN ,EMPIRE4 ,UNTIL #ah A RELATIVE PEACE HAD PREVAIL$ BETWE5 ! ,OTTOMANS & ! ,KURDI% PR9CIPALITIES1 :I* WAS BAS$ ON ! ,SUNNI D5OM9ATION ( ,ISLAM ?AT !Y HAD 9 COMMON4 ,ALEVITIC & ,ZOROA/RIAN ,KURDS1 H[EV]1 W]E DEFIANT & TOOK TO RESI/ANCE 9 ! M\NTA9S4 

,AFT] #ah UNTIL ! DECL9E ( ! ,OTTOMAN ,EMPIRE1 ,KURDI/AN WAS %AK5 BY NUM]\S REBELLIONS1 :I* W]E USUALLY BLOODILY CRU%$4 ,AFT] ! 5D ( ! ,OTTOMANS ! ,KURDI% P>TITION WAS EV5 FUR!R DEEP5$1 EXAC]BAT+ ! ATMOSPH]E ( VIOL5CE4 ,! RIS+ IMP]IALI/ P[]S ,BRITA9 & ,FRANCE R$REW ! B\ND>IES 9 ! ,MIDDLE ,EA/ & GAVE ,KURDI/AN UND] ! RULE ( ! ,TURKI% REPUBLIC1 ! ,IRANIAN PEACOCK ?RONE1 ! ,IRAQI MON>*Y & ! ,SYRIAN-,FR5* REGIME4 

,UND] ! IMPRESSION ( ! LOSS ( A L>GE P>T ( ITS =M] T]RITORIES1 ,TURKEY SWIT*$ OV] TO A /RICT POLICY ( ASSIMILATION ,9 ORD] TO 5=CE ! UNITY ( ! REMA9+ P>TS ( ! =M] EMPIRE 9 ?IS WAY4 ,ALL 9DICATIONS ( ! EXI/5CE ( A CULTURE O!R ?AN ! ,TURKI% W]E TO BE EXT]M9AT$4 ,!Y EV5 BANN$ ! USE ( ! ,KURDI% LANGUAGE4 

,! ASPIR+ ,PAHLAVI DYNA/Y 9 ,IRAN PROCE$$ 9 ! SAME WAY4 ,! REBELLION ( ! ,KURDI% TRIBAL LEAD] ,SIMKO ,%IKAK FROM ,URMIYE & ! EMANCIPATION /RUGGLE ( ! ,KURDI% REPUBLIC ( ,MAHABAD W]E CRU%$ 9 BLOOD4 ,! ,%AH E/ABLI%$ A T]ROR REGIME 9 ! SPIRIT ( ! NATIONALI/-FASCI/ EPO* AT ! BEG9N+ ( ! #b? C5TURY4 ,9 ! ,IRAQI & ,SYRIAN P>TS ( ,KURDI/AN ,BRITA9 & ,FRANCE SUPPRESS$ ! ,KURDI% EMANCIPATION EF=TS ) ! HELP ( !IR ,>AB PROXIES4 ,H]E1 TOO1 A BLOODY COLONIAL REGIME WAS E/ABLI%$4 

,EUROPEAN COLONIALISM & ! ,KURDI% DILEMMA 

,DRIV5 BY AMBITIONS = GEO/RATEGIC SUPREMACY & B\NDLESS GRE$1 ! ,EUROPEAN 9T]V5TION POLICY 9 ! ,MIDDLE ,EA/ BECAME 9CREAS+LY COLONIALI/ AT ! BEG9N+ ( ! #b? C5TURY4 ,ITS PRIM>Y GOAL BECAME ! SUBMISSION & CONTROL ( ! ,MIDDLE ,EA/4 ,?IS ADD$ A NEW =M ( COLONIALIZATION TO :AT ! ,KURDS HAD ALREADY EXP]I5C$ OV] ! C\RSE ( HI/ORY4 ,?IS DILEMMA CAN BE FOLL[$ BACK 9TO ,SUM]IAN TIMES4 ,H[EV]1 WE/]N CAPITALISM *ANG$ IT 9 UNIMAG9$ WAYS4 ,= ! ,KURDS1 ?IS MEANT ?AT !Y W]E AGA9 CONFRONT$ ) NEW COLONIALI/ ACTORS & ?AT ! SOLUTION ( ! ,KURDI% QUE/ION HAD BECOME EV5 MORE DIFFICULT4 

,) A VIEW TO !IR 9T]E/S1 ! NEW IMP]IALI/ P[]S DEEM$ IT MORE ADVANTAGE\S TO SEEK COOP]ATION ) ! SULTAN & ! ADM9I/RATION ( ! EMPIRE 9 ORD] TO W9 !M AS ALLIES1 9/EAD ( BREAK+ UP ! ,OTTOMAN ,EMPIRE ) UN=ESEEABLE CONSEQU5CES4 ,?IS APPROA* WAS MEANT TO ALLEVIATE CONTROL OV] ! REGION & ! PEOPLES LIV+ !RE4 ,IT WAS A ME?OD :I* WAS V]Y POPUL> 9 ! ,BRITI% ,EMPIRE4 ,IT F\ND ITS WAY 9TO ! HI/ORY BOOKS AS ! 0DIVIDE & RULE0 /RATEGY4 ,9 ?IS WAY ! ,OTTOMAN RULE WAS EXT5D$ = ANO!R HUNDR$ YE>S4 ,FRANCE & ,G]MANY HAD SIMIL> /RATEGIES4 ,!IR FRICTIONS DID NOT 9FLU5CE ! BALANCE ( P[]S 9 ! ,MIDDLE ,EA/4 

,YET ANO!R FOCUS ( IMP]IAL PRES]VATION ( P[] WAS PUT ON ! ,*RI/IAN E?NIC GR\PS4 ,ON ! ONE H&1 WE/]N COLONIALISM PRET5D$ TO PROTECT ! ,ANATOLIAN ,GREEKS1 ,>M5IANS & ,>AMEANS2 ON ! O!R H& IT 9CIT$ !SE TO REBEL AGA9/ ! C5TRAL P[]1 :I* RESPOND$ ) MASSIVE REPRESSIONS4 ,! SUBSEQU5T ANNIHILATION CAMPAIGN WAS WAT*$ 9ACTIVELY BY ! WE/]N P[]S4 ,EV5TUALLY1 ?IS POLICY ANTAGONIZ$ ! NATIONS ( ! ,MIDDLE ,EA/4 ,AGA91 ! ,KURDS W]E ONLY PAWNS 9 ! GAME ( =EIGN 9T]E/S4 ,9 ! PA/ ! ,KURDI% >I/OCRACY HAD COLLABORAT$ ) ! ,>AB & ,TURKI% DYNA/IES4 ,N[ !Y ALL[$ =EIGN P[]S TO USE !M = !IR COLONIALI/ 9TRIGUES4 ,BY W9N+ ! COOP]ATION ( ! ,KURDS ! ,BRITI% SUCCE$$ TO TIE ! ANXI\S ,TURKI% & ,>AB RUL]S TO !IR 9T]E/S4 ,!N AGA91 !Y W]E ABLE TO FUR!R TIE ! ,>M5IANS & ,>AMEANS TO ! COLONIAL P[]S1 :I* 9 TURN W]E H>D-PRESS$ BY ! ,KURDI% FEUDAL COLLABORATORS4 ,! ,TURKI% SULTAN1 ! ,P]SIAN %AH & ! ,>AB RUL]S W]E NOT ONLY VICTIMS ( ?IS POLICY1 ?\<4 ,!Y PLAY$ A SIMIL> GAME 9 ORD] TO PRES]VE !IR P[] & TO CURB ! GRE$9ESS ( ! WE/]N P[]S4 ,IT WAS ! PEOPLE :O SUFF]$4 

,! IDEOLOGICAL BASIS ( COLONIAL OPPRESSION & P[] POLITICS 9 ,KURDI/AN 

,BO? ! P>TITION ( ,KURDI/AN & ! =MS ( RULE ( ! ,>AB1 ,P]SIAN1 & ,TURKI% REGIMES W]E A SOCIAL SETBACK = ! ,KURDS 9 !SE P>TS ( ,KURDI/AN4 ,TODAY'S SOCIETAL BACKW>DNESS ( ! ,KURDS1 :I* /ILL /ICK TO !IR FEUDAL /RUCTURES1 IS A PRODUCT ( !SE P[] RELATION%IPS4 ,) ! COM+ ( CAPITALI/ /RUCTURES1 FROM :I* ! ,KURDS W]E MO/LY EXCLUD$1 ! DEVELOPM5T RELAT$ DIVIDE BETWE5 !M & ! ,>AB1 ,TURKI%1 & ,P]SIAN HEGEMONIC SOCIETIES GREW L>G]4 ,! P[] /RUCTURES ( ! FEUDAL RULE M+L$ ) B\RGEOIS-CAPITALI/ P[] /RUCTURES1 :I* HELP$ TO PRES]VE ! DOM9ANCE ( !IR CORRESPOND+ NATIONS4 ,AL?\< !SE /RUCTURES DEP5D$ ON IMP]IALISM1 !Y W]E ABLE TO BUILD UP !IR [N NATIONAL ECONOMIES1 FUR!R DEVELOP !IR [N CULTURES & /ABILIZE !IR [N /ATE /RUCTURES4 ,9 ! >EAS ( SCI5CE & TE*NOLOGY A NATIONAL ELITE WAS COM+ ( AGE4 ,!Y =C$ ALL O!R E?NIC GR\PS 9 !IR C\NTRIES TO SPEAK !IR LANGUAGE4 ,) ! HELP ( A NATIONALI/ DOME/IC & =EIGN POLICY !Y CREAT$ A NATIONAL RUL+ CLASS1 :I* SAW ITSELF AS A HEGEMONIC P[] ) A VIEW TO ! O!R E?NIC GR\PS4 ,POLICE & MILIT>Y W]E EXP&$ & /R5G!N$ 9 ORD] TO BREAK ! RESI/ANCE ( ! PEOPLES4 ,! ,KURDS W]E NOT ABLE TO RESPOND TO ?AT4 ,!Y /ILL HAD TO SUFF] FROM ! IMPACTS ! IMP]IALI/ 9TRIGUES HAD HAD ON !M4 ,!Y W]E CONFRONT$ ) AN AGGRESSIVE NATIONAL *AUV9ISM ( ! /ATES ?AT HAD ! P[] 9 ,KURDI/AN1 & ! LEGITIMACY ( !IR P[] WAS EXPLA9$ ) ADV5TUR\S IDEOLOGICAL CON/RUCTIONS4 

,D5IAL & SELF-D5IAL 

,! HEGEMONIC P[]S 7I4E4 ,TURKEY1 ,IRAQ1 ,IRAN1 & ,SYRIA7 D5I$ ! ,KURDS !IR EXI/5CE AS AN E?NIC GR\P4 ,9 SU* SURR\ND+S ! ,KURDS RAN A GREAT RISK :5 !Y REF]R$ TO !IR ,KURDI% ROOTS4 ,IF PEOPLE DID SO 9 SPITE ( ?IS1 !Y C\LD NOT EV5 EXPECT TO BE SUPPORT$ BY !IR [N E?NIC GR\P4 ,= MANY ,KURDS OP5 COMMITM5T TO !IR ORIG9 & CULTURE RESULT$ 9 EXCLUSION FROM ALL ECONOMIC & SOCIAL RELATIONS4 ,!RE=E1 MANY ,KURDS D5I$ !IR E?NIC DESC5T OR KEPT QUIET AB\T IT1 & ! RESPECTIVE REGIMES PU%$ ?IS SY/EMATICALLY4 ,?IS D5IAL /RATEGY PRODUC$ A LOT ( ABSURDITIES4 ,= ! ,>AB REGIME ! ,KURDI% QUE/ION DID NOT EXI/4 ,IT HAD BE5 RESOLV$ BY 5=C$ ,ISLAMIZATION1 !Y W]E SURE4 ,ISLAM WAS ! ONLY NATION4 ,& ?IS NATION WAS ,>AB4 

,! ,P]SIANS EV5 W5T A /EP F>!R & MADE ! ,KURDS AN E?NIC SUBGR\P ( ! ,P]SIANS4 ,9 ?IS WAY1 ! ,KURDS W]E GRANT$ ALL !IR RI<TS 9 A NATURAL WAY4 ,KURDS :O NONE!LESS DEM&$ !IR RI<TS & /UCK TO !IR E?NIC ID5TITY W]E REG>D$ AS PEOPLE :O ?REW MUD AT !IR [N NATION & :O !RE=E RECEIV$ ! APPROPRIATE TREATM5T4 

,! ,TURKI% REGIME D]IV$ ITS CLAIM = SUPREMACY OV] ! ,KURDS FROM ALLEG$ CAMPAIGNS ( CONQUE/ 9 ,ANATOLIA A ?\S& YE>S AGO4 ,!RE HAD NOT BE5 O!R PEOPLES !RE4 ,!RE=E1 ,KURD & ,KURDI/AN >E NON-WORDS1 NON EXI/5T & NOT ALL[$ TO EXI/ ACCORD+ TO ! (FICIAL IDEOLOGY4 ,! USE ( !SE WORDS EQUALS AN ACT ( T]RORISM & IS PUNI%$ CORRESPOND+LY4 

,H[EV]1 9 SPITE ( ALL !SE IDEOLOGICAL CON/RUCTIONS3 ,! ,KURDS >E ONE ( ! OLDE/ AUTO*?ON E?NIC GR\PS ( ! REGION 

,ASSIMILATION 

,HEGEMONIC P[]S (T5 USE ASSIMILATION AS A TOOL :5 !Y >E CONFRONT$ ) DEFIANT E?NIC GR\PS4 ,LANGUAGE & CULTURE >E ALSO C>RI]S ( POT5TIAL RESI/ANCE1 :I* CAN BE DESICCAT$ BY ASSIMILATION4 ,BANN+ ! NATIVE LANGUAGE & 5=C+ ! USE ( A =EIGN LANGUAGE >E QUITE EFFECTIVE TOOLS4 ,PEOPLE :O >E NO LONG] ABLE TO SPEAK !IR NATIVE LANGUAGE WILL NO LONG] *]I% ITS *>ACT]I/ICS :I* >E ROOT$ 9 E?NIC1 GEOGRAPHIC & CULTURAL GIV5 FACTORS4 ,)\T ! UNIFY+ ELEM5T ( LANGUAGE ! UNIT+ QUALITY ( COLLECTIVE IDEAS ALSO DISAPPE>S4 ,)\T ?IS COMMON BASIS ! COLLECTIVE TIES )9 ! E?NIC GR\P BREAK UP & BECOME LO/4 ,CONSEQU5TLY1 ! HEGEMONIC LANGUAGE & CULTURE GA9 GR\ND 9 ! CONQU]$ E?NIC & LANGUAGE 5VIRONM5T4 ,=C$ USE ( ! HEGEMONIC LANGUAGE RESULTS 9 WI!R+ ( ! NATIVE LANGUAGE UNTIL IT BECOMES IRRELEVANT4 ,?IS HAPP5S EV5 FA/] :5 ! NATIVE LANGUAGE IS NOT A LIT]>Y LANGUAGE1 LIKE ,KURDI%4 ,ASSIMILATION /RATEGY IS NOT RE/RICT$ TO ! USE ( LANGUAGE4 ,IT IS APPLI$ 9 ALL PUBLIC & SOCIAL >EAS CONTROLL$ BY ! /ATE4 

,KURDI/AN HAS (T5 BE5 ! /AGE ( CULTURAL ASSIMILATION ATTEMPTS BY =EIGN HEGEMONIC P[]S4 ,! LA/ HUNDR$ YE>S ( ITS HI/ORY1 H[EV]1 HAVE BE5 ! MO/ DE/RUCTIVE4 ,! CREATION ( MOD]N NATION-/ATE /RUCTURES 9 ! HEGEMONIC C\NTRIES & ! CREATION ( A COLONIAL SY/EM ( RULE 9 ,KURDI/AN AGGRAVAT$ ! ASSIMILATION ATTEMPTS DIRECT$ AT ! ,KURDI% LANGUAGE & CULTURE4 

,LIKE ,P]SIAN & ,>ABIC BE=E1 N[ ,TURKI%1 TOO1 BECAME A HEGEMONIC LANGUAGE BY =CE4 ,:ILE ! ,KURDS ( ! OLD TIMES BE=E MOD]NITY HAD BE5 ABLE TO PRES]VE !IR CULTURE & LANGUAGE1 !SE W]E N[ PU%$ BACK BY ! ?REE HEGEMONIC LANGUAGES & CULTURES1 :I* ALSO HAD ALL ( ! MOD]N M$IA & COMMUNICATION TOOLS AT !IR DISPOSAL4 ,KURDI% TRADITIONAL SONGS & LIT]ATURE W]E BANN$4 ,?US1 ! ,KURDI% LANGUAGE1 :I* HAD PRODUC$ MANY WORKS ( LIT]ATURE 9 ! ,MIDDLE ,AGES1 WAS ?REAT5$ 9 ITS EXI/5CE4 ,KURDI% CULTURE & LANGUAGE W]E DECL>$ SUBV]SIVE ELEM5TS4 ,NATIVE LANGUAGE $UCATION WAS BANN$4 ,! HEGEMONIC LANGUAGES BECAME ! ONLY LANGUAGES ?AT W]E ALL[$ 9 ! $UCATIONAL SY/EM1 & ?US ! ONLY LANGUAGES US$ TO TEA* ! A*IEVEM5TS ( MOD]NITY4 

,! ,TURKI%1 ,P]SIAN & ,>AB NATION-/ATES PURSU$ A SY/EMATIC ASSIMILATION POLICY US+ V>Y+ REPRESSIVE MEANS - BO? 9/ITUTIONALLY & SOCIALLY - D5Y+ ! ,KURDI% LANGUAGE & CULTURE ANY LEGITIMACY4 ,ONLY ! LANGUAGE & CULTURE ( ! HEGEMONY W]E SUPPOS$ TO SURVIVE4 

,RELIGION & NATIONALISM 

,! HEGEMONIC P[]S ALSO US$ RELIGION & NATIONALISM TO PRES]VE !IR SUPREMACY4 ,9 ALL P>TS ( ,KURDI/AN ,ISLAM IS A /ATE RELIGION & US$ AS A TOOL = CONTROLL+ ! POPULATION BY ! HEGEMONIC P[]S4 ,EV5 IF !SE REGIMES DI/9CTLY EMBRACE SECUL>ISM ! 5TANGLEM5T ( POLITICAL & RELIGI\S 9/ITUTIONS IS OBVI\S4 ,:ILE 9 ,IRAN !RE IS AN OP5LY !OCRATIC REGIME 9 P[]1 9 O!R C\NTRIES ! 9/RUM5TALIZATION ( RELIGION = POLITICAL 9T]E/S IS KEPT CONCEAL$4 ,SO ! ,TURKI% /ATE RELIGI\S AU?ORITY EMPLOYS SEV]AL HUNDR$ ?\S& ,IMAMS4 ,EV5 ,IRAN DOES NOT POSSESS SU* AN >MY ( RELIGI\S LEAD]S4 ,! RELIGI\S S*OOLS >E UND] ! DIRECT CONTROL ( ! /ATE4 

,QURAN S*OOLS & !OLOGICAL 9/ITUTES & FACULTIES EMPLOY ALMO/ HALF A MILLION PEOPLE4 ,?IS REALLY MAKES ! CON/ITUTIONAL PO/ULATE ( SECUL>ISM LOOK ABSURD & RA!R LIKE A PLACEBO4 

,:]EV] !SE IDEAS MEET ACTIVE POLITICS !Y PRODUCE *AOTIC SITUATIONS4 ,UND] ! ,D,P 7,DEMOCRACY ,P>TY7 & ! ,A,P 7,JU/ICE ,P>TY7 GOV]NM5TS RELIGION WAS POLITICIZ$ OP5LY4 ,! MILIT>Y C\PS 9 ,M>* #aiga & ,SEPTEMB] #aih MODIFI$ ! ,TURKI% IDEOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK & R$EF9$ ! ROLE ( RELIGION4 ,?IS 9ITIAT$ A RE-ISLAMIZATION ( ! ,TURKI% REPUBLIC1 SIMIL> TO :AT HAD HAPP5$ 9 ,IRAN AFT] ,KHOME9I HAD SEIZ$ P[] 9 #a#i#g#i1 ALBEIT NOT ?AT RADICAL4 ,9 #bc ! ,A,K,P 7,JU/ICE & ,DEVELOPM5T ,P>TY7 CAME 9TO P[] & ) IT1 = ! FIR/ TIME1 ,ISLAMIC IDEOLOGUES4 ,?IS ELECTION VICTORY WAS NO ACCID5T BUT ! RESULT ( ! LONG-T]M RELIGI\S POLICY ( ! ,TURKI% /ATE4 

,B\RGEOIS NATIONALISM 

,ANO!R IDEOLOGICAL TOOL ( ! HEGEMONIC P[]S IS ! NATIONALISM ( ! B\RGEOISIE4 ,?IS IDEOLOGY WAS MO/ IMPORTANT 9 ! #a#i? & #b? C5TURIES :5 IT BECAME ! DOM9ANT IDEOLOGY ( ! NATION-/ATES4 ,IT =M$ ! BASIS = ! B\RGEOISIE TO PROCE$ AGA9/ ! 9T]E/S ( ! WORK]S & ! REAL-SOCIALI/ T5D5CIES4 ,EV5TUALLY1 NATIONALISM EM]G$ AS A LOGICAL RESULT ( ! NATION-/ATE BE>+ ALMO/ RELIGI\S FEATURES4 

,! ,TURKI% =M ( NATIONALISM ?AT CAME 9TO BE+ AFT] #ahd WAS AN ATTEMPT TO PREV5T ! DECAY ( ! ,OTTOMAN ,EMPIRE ?AT HAD BEGUN TO %[4 ,! E>LY ,TURKI% NATIONALI/S W]E ORIG9ALLY LEGALI/S4 ,LAT] !Y TURN$ AGA9/ ! SULTANATE ( ,ABDULHAMID ,I,I & BECAME 9CREAS+LY RADICAL4 ,! NATIONALISM ( ! ,Y\NG ,TURK MOVEM5T EXPRESS$ ITSELF 9 ! ,COMMITTEE = ,UNITY & ,PROGRESS1 :I* WORK$ = A CON/ITUTIONAL RE=M ( ! /ATE & ASPIR$ T[>D COM+ 9TO P[] 9 ! EMPIRE4 ,AP>T FROM ?AT !Y HAD MADE IT CLE> ?AT !Y WANT$ TO /R5G!N ! EMPIRE AGA91 :I* WAS EXT]NALLY WEAK & 9T]NALLY ?REAT5$ BY DECAY1 BY SY/EMATICALLY MOD]NIZ+ IT POLITICALLY1 MILIT>ILY & ECONOMICALLY4 ,! OP5+ ( ,G]MANY'S =EIGN POLICY T[>D ! ,MIDDLE ,EA/ & ,C5TRAL ,ASIA !N ADD$ A RACI/ COMPON5T TO ,TURKI% NATIONALISM4 ,! G5OCIDE ( ! ,>M5IANS1 ,PONTIC ,GREEKS1 ,>AMEANS & ,KURDS FOLL[$4 ,! Y\NG ,TURKI% REPUBLIC WAS M>K$ BY AGGRESSIVE NATIONALISM & A V]Y N>R[ UND]/&+ ( ! NATION-/ATE4 ,! SLOGAN 0ONE LANGUAGE1 ONE NATION1 ONE C\NTRY0 BECAME A POLITICAL DOGMA4 ,AL?\< ?IS WAS 9 PR9CIPLE A CLASSLESS & NO PRIVILEGES /ATE APPROA*1 ! 9/RUM5TS TO ACTUALLY IMPLEM5T IT W]E LACK+4 ,ITS AB/RACTNESS BORE ! DANG] ( IDEOLOGICAL FANATICISM4 ,NATIONALISM DEGRAD$ 9TO A TOOL ( ! RUL+ CIRCLES & WAS MO/LY US$ TO COV] UP !IR FAILURES4 ,UND] ! FLAG ( ! 0SUP]IOR ,TURKI% ID5TITY0 ! 5TIRE SOCIETY WAS SWORN TO AN AGGRESSIVE NATIONALISM4 

,! W> 9 ,KURDI/AN & ! /ATE T]RORISM 9VOLV$ ) IT CREAT$ A SEP>ATE P[] BLOCK4 ,AS 9 O!R SY/EMS :]E C]TA9 P[] BLOCKS D]IVE !IR P[] FROM !IR MILIT>Y POT5TIAL & BASE !IR EXI/5CE ON W>1 SO !Y =M$ ! ,TURKI% SOCIETY ACCORD+LY4 

,?IS IS ALSO :Y ! POLITICAL SY/EM LO/ ITS ABILITY TO SOLVE CONFLICTS4 ,?IS IS A SY/EM ?AT HAS BE5 =M$ BY W> & /ATE T]ROR1 :]E IT REMA9S UNCLE> :I* P[] C5T]S S]VE :I* 9T]E/S & GOALS - ) EQUALLY DISA/R\S EFFECTS = ! ,TURKI% & ,KURDI% COMMUNITIES 

,KURDI% ID5TITY & ,KURDI% RESI/ANCE 

,! ID5TIFICATION PROCESS ( ! ,KURDS AS A NATION OCCURR$ COMP>ATIVELY LATE4 ,EV5 IF !RE WAS A COMMITM5T TO BE+ ,KURDI% 9 ! ,KURDI% REBELLIONS ( ! #a#i? C5TURY IT DID NOT GO BEYOND OPPOSITION AGA9/ ! SULTANATE & ! RULE ( ! ,%AH4 ,!RE W]E NO IDEAS ( ALT]NATIVE =MS ( LIFE4 ,A COMMITM5T TO ! ,KURDI% ID5TITY 9VOLV$ ! CREATION ( A ,KURDI% K+DOM1 9 ! S5SE ( ! TRADITIONAL SULTANATES4 ,! ,KURDS W]E V]Y F> FROM ID5TIFY+ !MSELVES AS A NATION = A LONG TIME4 ,IT WAS ONLY 9 ! SECOND HALF ( ! #b? C5TURY ?AT ! IDEA ( A ,KURDI% ID5TITY BEGAN TO DEVELOP 9 ! C\RSE ( 9TELLECTUAL DEBATES MO/LY AS A T5D5CY ( ! ,TURKI% LEFT4 ,H[EV]1 ?IS T5D5CY LACK$ ! 9TELLECTUAL POT5TIAL TO OV]COME MORE TRADITIONAL IDEAS ( ,KURDI% ID5TITY AFFILIAT$ ) TRIBAL ORD] & %EIKDOM4 ,BO? ! REAL-SOCIALI/ LEAN+ COMMUNI/ P>TIES & ! LIB]AL & FEUDAL P>TIES W]E F> FROM UND]/&+ ! IDEA ( A ,KURDI% NATION OR ! IDEA ( ! ,KURDS AS AN E?NIC GR\P4 ,ONLY ! LEFT-LEAN+ /UD5T MOVEM5T ( ! #a#i#gS WAS ABLE TO CONTRIBUTE SUB/ANTIALLY TO ! AW>5ESS ?AT !RE WAS A ,KURDI% ID5TITY 

,! E?NIC ID5TIFICATION PROCESS DEVELOP$ 9 ! CONFLICT RELATION%IP ( ! ,TURKI% *AUV9I/ NATIONAL UND]/&+ & ! ,KURDI% FEUDAL NATIONAL UND]/&+4 ,ON ! ONE H& !RE WAS ! CONFRONTATION ) ! IDEOLOGICAL HEGEMONY ( ! SY/EM1 (T5 5\< 9 LEFT-LOOK+ ATTIRE1 ON ! O!R H& ! CONFRONTATION ) ! ,KURDI% >I/OCRACY1 :O TRADITIONALLY COOP]AT$ ) ! SY/EM4 ,LIB]ATION FROM !SE SOCIETAL1 POLITICAL & IDEOLOGICAL =CES DID NOT COME EASY4 ,IT REQUIR$ BO? 9TELLECTUAL POT5TIAL & PRACTICAL ORGANIZATIONAL WORK4 ,?IS L$ DIRECTLY 9TO RESI/ANCE4 ,S9CE ! #a#i#gS1 :5 ! ,KURDI% EMANCIPATION EF=TS HAD NOT YET COME ( AGE1 ?IRTY-FIVE YE>S HAVE PASS$4 ,?IS TIME DID NOT ONLY 5LI<T5 ! ,KURDS OV] !IR [N ID5TITY & (F] APPROA*ES = A SOLUTION ( ! ,KURDI% QUE/ION2 IT IS ALSO EVID5CE ?AT ! ,KURDS & !IR EMANCIPATION CANNOT BE SUPPRESS$ BY =CE 9 ! LONG-T]M4 ,NO SY/EM CAN SURVIVE = A LONG] P]IOD1 :5 IT TRIES TO TRANS=M ITS SOCIAL CONTRADICTIONS =CIBLY4 ,! ,KURDI% EMANCIPATION EF=TS ALSO DEMON/RATE ?AT PEOPLE CANNOT DEVELOP IF !Y DO NOT RE-CONQU] !IR SOCIETAL DIGNITY4 

,! ,KURDI/AN ,WORK]S ,P>TY 7,P,K,K7 

,%ORT \TL9E ( ! HI/ORY ( ORIG9S ( ! ,P,K,K 

,9 ,APRIL #aigc A GR\P ( SIX PEOPLE CAME TOGE!R 9 ORD] TO =M AN 9DEP5D5T ,KURDI% POLITICAL ORGANIZATION4 ,!Y ACT$ ON ! ASSUMPTION ?AT ,KURDI/AN WAS A CLASSIC COLONY1 :]E ! POPULATION WAS =CIBLY REFUS$ !IR RI<T TO SELF-DET]M9ATION4 ,IT WAS !IR PRIME GOAL TO *ANGE ?IS4 ,?IS GA!R+ MAY ALSO BE CALL$ ! H\R ( BIR? ( A NEW ,KURDI% MOVEM5T4 

,OV] ! YE>S1 ?IS GR\P F\ND NEW FOLL[]S :O HELP$ !M SPREAD !IR CONVICTION 9 ! RURAL POPULATION ( ,KURDI/AN4 ,MORE & MORE !Y CLA%$ ) ,TURKI% SECURITY =CES1 >M$ TRIBESM5 ( ! ,KURDI% >I/OCRACY & RIVAL POLITICAL GR\PS1 :I* VIOL5TLY ATTACK$ ! Y\NG MOVEM5T4 ,ON ,NOVEMB] #b#g1 #ai< ! ,KURDI/AN ,WORK]S ,P>TY 7,P,K,K7 WAS F\ND$ 9 A SMALL VILLAGE NE> ,DIY>BAKIR4 ,TW5TY-TWO LEAD+ MEMB]S ( ! MOVEM5T TOOK P>T 9 ! 9AUGURAL MEET+ 9 ORD] TO SET UP MORE PR(ESSIONAL /RUCTURES = ! MOVEM5T4 ,9 AN URBAN 5VIRONM5T ! MOVEM5T W\LD NOT HAVE SURVIV$1 SO !Y FOCUS$ !IR ACTIVITIES ON ! RURAL ,KURDI% REGIONS4 

,! ,TURKI% AU?ORITIES REACT$ H>%LY TO ! PROPAG&A EF=TS ( ! ,P,K,K4 ,DET5TIONS & >M$ CLA%ES FOLL[$4 ,BO? SIDES EXP]I5C$ LOSSES4 ,! SITUATION 9 ,TURKEY1 H[EV]1 WAS ALSO COM+ TO A PO9T4 ,! FIR/ SIGNS ( ! IMM95T MILIT>Y C\P W]E ALREADY VISIBLE 9 #a#i#g#i4 ,! ,P,K,K RESPOND$ BY )DRAW+ FROM ,TURKEY 9TO ! M\NTA9S OR 9TO O!R C\NTRIES ( ! ,MIDDLE ,EA/4 ,ONLY A SMALL NUMB] ( ACTIVI/S REMA9$ 9 ,TURKEY4 ,?IS /EP HELP$ ! ,P,K,K TO SECURE !IR SURVIVAL4 ,ON ,SEPTEMB] #a#b1 #aih ! ,TURKI% MILIT>Y OV]?REW ! CIVIL GOV]NM5T & SEIZ$ P[]4 ,MANY ( ! ,P,K,K CADRES :O HAD REMA9$ 9 ,TURKEY W]E IMPRISON$ BY ! MILIT>Y JUNTA4 

,9 ?IS SITUATION1 ! ,P,K,K HAD TO DET]M9E :E!R !Y WANT$ TO BECOME AN EXILE ORGANIZATION OR A MOD]N NATIONAL LIB]ATION MOVEM5T4 ,AFT] A %ORT PHASE ( RE-ORGANIZATION A MAJORITY ( MEMB]S RETURN$ TO ,KURDI/AN & TOOK UP >M$ RESI/ANCE AGA9/ ! FASCI/ JUNTA4 ,! ATTACKS ON MILIT>Y FACILITIES 9 ,]UH & ,SEMDILI ON ,AUGU/ #a#e1 #aihd PROCLAIM$ ! (FICIAL BEG9N+ ( ! >M$ RESI/ANCE4 ,AL?\< !RE W]E DEFICITS1 ! MOVE T[>DS BECOM+ A NATIONAL LIB]ATION MOVEM5T HAD BE5 MADE4 

,ORIG9ALLY ! ,TURKI% AU?ORITIES - ,TURGUT ,OZAL HAD JU/ BE5 ELECT$ PRIME M9I/] - TRI$ TO PLAY D[N ! 9CID5T4 ,! /ATE PROPAG&A CALL$ ! GU]RILLA A 0H&FUL ( B&ITS01 :I* %[S ! M9DSET ( ?OSE 9 *>GE !RE4 ,A POLITICAL APPROA* TO ! CONFLICT WAS NOT P]CEPTIBLE4 ,! CLA%ES GREW 9TO A W>1 :I* DEM&$ NUM]\S VICTIMS FROM EI!R SIDE4 

,IT WAS ONLY 9 ! #a#i#iS ?AT ! SITUATION BECAME LESS GRIDLOCK$1 :5 ! /ATE SEEM$ TO BECOME READY = A POLITICAL SOLUTION4 ,!RE W]E /ATEM5TS BY ,TURGUT ,OZAL & ,SULEYMAN ,DEMIREL1 !N ,PRESID5T1 9DICAT+ ?AT !Y MI<T RECOGNIZE ! ,KURDI% ID5TITY1 RAIS$ HOPES = AN E>LY 5D ( ! CONFLICT4 ,! ,P,K,K TRI$ TO /R5G!N ?IS PROCESS BY DECL>+ A CEASEFIRE 9 #a#i#i#c4 ,! SUDD5 DEA? ( ,TURGUT ,OZAL DEPRIV$ ?IS PROCESS ( ONE ( ITS MO/ IMPORTANT PROTAGONI/S4 ,!RE W]E O!R OB/ACLES1 TOO4 ,SOME H>DL9]S AMONG ! ,P,K,K /UCK TO ! >M$ /RUGGLE2 ! SITUATION AMONG ! LEAD]%IP ( ! ,TURKI% /ATE WAS DIFFICULT & M>K$ BY CONFLICT+ 9T]E/S2 ! ATTITUDE ( ! ,IRAQI ,KURDI% LEAD]S ,TALABANI & ,B>ZANI WAS ALSO NOT HELPFUL 9 DEEP5+ ! PEACE PROCESS4 ,IT WAS ! BIGGE/ OPPORTUNITY = A PEACEFUL SOLUTION ( ! ,KURDI% QUE/ION UNTIL !N1 & IT WAS LO/4 

,SUBSEQU5TLY ! CONFLICT ESCALAT$4 ,BO? P>TIES EXP]I5C$ HI< LOSSES4 ,H[EV]1 EV5 ?IS ESCALATION DID NOT LIFT ! DEADLOCK4 ,! YE>S ( W> BETWE5 #aiid & #aiih W]E LO/ YE>S4 ,9 SPITE ( SEV]AL UNILAT]AL CEASEFIRES ON ! P>T ( ! ,P,K,K1 ! ,TURKI% /ATE 9SI/$ ON A MILIT>Y SOLUTION4 ,! CEASEFIRE ( #aiih REMA9$ )\T A RESPONSE AS WELL4 ,RA!R1 IT /IRR$ UP A MILIT>Y CONFRONTATION BETWE5 ,TURKEY & ,SYRIA1 :I* BR\<T BO? C\NTRIES TO ! $GE ( A W>4 ,9 #aiih ,I W5T TO ,EUROPE AS ! *AIRMAN ( ! ,P,K,K 9 ORD] TO PROMOTE A POLITICAL SOLUTION4 ,! FOLL[+ ODYSSEY IS WELL KN[N4 ,I WAS ABDUCT$ FROM ,K5YA & BR\<T TO ,TURKEY 9 VIOLATION ( 9T]NATIONAL LAW4 ,?IS ABDUCTION WAS BACK$ BY AN ALLIANCE ( SECRET S]VICES & ! PUBLIC EXPECT$ ! CONFLICT TO FUR!R ESCALATE !N4 ,H[EV]1 ! TRIAL ON ! ,TURKI% PRISON ISL& ( ,IMRALI M>K$ A POLITICAL ,U-TURN 9 ! CONFLICT & (F]$ NEW P]SPECTIVES = A POLITICAL SOLUTION4 ,AT ! SAME TIME ?IS TURN CAUS$ ! ,P,K,K TO REORI5T IDEOLOGICALLY & POLITICALLY4 ,I HAD BE5 WORK+ ON !SE PO9TS ALREADY BE=E MY ABDUCTION4 ,?IS WAS TRULY AN IDEOLOGICAL & POLITICAL CUT4 ,:AT1 !N1 W]E ! REAL MOTIVES8 

,MA9 CRITICISM 

,D\BTLESSLY1 MY ABDUCTION WAS A HEAVY BL[ = ! ,P,K,K4 ,IT WAS NONE!LESS NOT ! REASON = ! IDEOLOGICAL & POLITICAL CUT4 ,! ,P,K,K HAD BE5 CONCEIV$ AS A P>TY ) A /ATE-LIKE HI]>*ICAL /RUCTURE SIMIL> TO O!R P>TIES4 ,SU* A /RUCTURE1 H[EV]1 CAUSES A DIALECTIC CONTRADICTION TO ! PR9CIPLES ( DEMOCRACY1 FRE$OM & EQUALITY1 A CONTRADICTION 9 PR9CIPLE CONC]N+ ALL P>TIES :ATSOEV] !IR PHILOSOPHY4 ,AL?\< ! ,P,K,K /OOD = FRE$OM-ORI5T$ VIEWS WE HAD NOT BE5 ABLE TO FREE \RSELVES FROM ?9K+ 9 HI]>*ICAL /RUCTURES4 

,ANO!R MA9 CONTRADICTION LAY 9 ! ,P,K,K'S QUE/ = 9/ITUTIONAL POLITICAL P[]1 :I* =M$ & ALIGN$ ! P>TY CORRESPOND+LY4 ,/RUCTURES ALIGN$ ALONG ! L9ES ( 9/ITUTIONAL 

P[]1 H[EV]1 >E 9 CONFLICT ) SOCIETAL DEMOCRATIZATION1 :I* ! ,P,K,K WAS DECL>$LY ESP\S+4 ,ACTIVI/S ( ANY SU* P>TY T5D TO ORI5T !MSELVES BY SUP]IORS RA!R ?AN BY ! SOCIETY1 OR AS ! CASE MAY BE ASPIRE TO SU* POSITIONS !MSELVES4 ,ALL ( ! ?REE BIG IDEOLOGICAL T5D5CIES BAS$ ON EMANCIPATIVE SOCIAL CONCEPTIONS HAVE BE5 CONFRONT$ ) ?IS CONTRADICTION4 ,REAL-SOCIALISM & SOCIAL DEMOCRACY AS WELL AS NATIONAL LIB]ATION MOVEM5TS :5 !Y TRI$ TO SET UP SOCIAL CONCEPTIONS BEYOND CAPITALISM C\LD NOT FREE !MSELVES FROM ! IDEOLOGICAL CON/RA9TS ( ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM4 ,QUITE E>LY1 !Y BECAME PILL>S ( ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM :ILE ONLY SEEK+ 9/ITUTIONAL POLITICAL P[] 9/EAD ( PUTT+ !IR FOCUS ON ! DEMOCRATIZATION ( ! SOCIETY4 

,ANO!R MA9 CONTRADICTION WAS ! VALUE ( W> 9 ! IDEOLOGICAL & POLITICAL CONSID]ATIONS ( ! ,P,K,K4 ,W> WAS UND]/OOD AS ! CONT9UATION ( POLITICS BY DIFF]5T MEANS & ROMANTICIZ$ AS A /RATEGIC 9/RUM5T4 

,?IS WAS A BLATANT CONTRADICTION TO \R SELF-P]CEPTION AS A MOVEM5T /RUGGL+ = ! LIB]ATION ( ! SOCIETY4 ,ACCORD+ TO ?IS1 ! USE ( >M$ =CE CAN ONLY BE JU/IFI$ = ! PURPOSE ( NECESS>Y SELF-DEF5SE4 ,ANY?+ GO+ BEYOND ?AT W\LD BE 9 VIOLATION ( ! SOCIALLY EMANCIPATIVE APPROA* ?AT ! ,P,K,K FELT ITSELF OBLIG$ TO1 S9CE ALL REPRESSIVE REGIMES 9 HI/ORY HAD BE5 BAS$ ON W> OR HAD ALIGN$ !IR 9/ITUTIONS ACCORD+ TO ! LOGIC ( W>F>E4 ,! ,P,K,K BELIEV$ ?AT ! >M$ /RUGGLE W\LD BE SUFFICI5T = W9N+ ! RI<TS ?AT ! ,KURDS HAD BE5 D5I$4 ,SU* A DET]M9I/IC IDEA ( W> IS NEI!R SOCIALI/ NOR DEMOCRATIC1 AL?\< ! ,P,K,K SAW ITSELF AS A DEMOCRATIC P>TY4 ,A REALLY SOCIALI/ P>TY IS NEI!R ORI5T$ BY /ATE-LIKE /RUCTURES & HI]>*IES NOR DOES IT ASPIRE TO 9/ITUTIONAL POLITICAL P[]1 ( :I* ! BASIS IS ! PROTECTION ( 9T]E/S & P[] BY W>4 

,! SUPPOS$ DEFEAT ( ! ,P,K,K ?AT ! ,TURKI% AU?ORITIES BELIEV$ !Y HAD ACCOMPLI%$ BY MY ABDUCTION TO ,TURKEY WAS EV5TUALLY REASON 5\< TO CRITICALLY & OP5LY LOOK 9TO ! REASONS ?AT HAD PREV5T$ US FROM MAK+ BETT] PROGRESS ) \R LIB]ATION MOVEM5T4 ,! IDEOLOGICAL & POLITICAL CUT UND]GONE BY ! ,P,K,K MADE ! SEEM+ DEFEAT A GATEWAY TO NEW HORIZONS4 

,NEW /RATEGIC1 PHILOSOPHIC & POLITICAL APPROA*ES ( ! ,KURDI% LIB]ATION MOVEM5T 

,A COMPREH5SIVE TREATM5T ( ! MA9 /RATEGIC1 IDEOLOGICAL1 PHILOSOPHICAL1 & POLITICAL ELEM5TS AT ! BASE ( ! PROCESS ( *ANGE CANNOT BE ACCOMPLI%$ 9 ?IS ESSAY4 

,H[EV]1 ! CORN]/ONES CAN BE \TL9$ AS FOLL[S3 

O ,! PHILOSOPHICAL1 POLITICAL & VALUE-RELAT$ APPROA*ES ?AT ! NEWLY-ALIGN$ ,P,K,K EMBRACES F9D ADEQUATE EXPRESSION 9 :AT IS CALL$ 0DEMOCRATIC SOCIALISM04 

O ,! ,P,K,K DOES NOT D]IVE ! CREATION ( A ,KURDI% NATION/ATE FROM ! RI<T ( SELF-DET]M9ATION ( ! PEOPLES4 ,H[EV]1 WE REG>D ?IS RI<T AS ! BASIS = ! E/ABLI%M5T ( GRASSROOTS DEMOCRACIES1 )\T SEEK+ NEW POLITICAL BORD]S4 ,IT IS UP TO ! ,P,K,K TO CONV9CE ! ,KURDI% SOCIETY ( !IR CONVICTION4 ,?IS IS ALSO TRUE = ! DIALOGUE ) ! HEGEMONIC C\NTRIES EX]CIS+ P[] 9 ,KURDI/AN4 ,IT IS TO BE ! BASIS = A SOLUTION ( ! EXI/+ ISSUES4 

O ,! C\NTRIES ?AT PRES5TLY EXI/ H]E NE$ DEMOCRATIC RE=MS GO+ BEYOND M]E LIP S]VICE TO DEMOCRACY4 ,IT IS NOT REALI/IC1 ?\<1 TO GO = ! IMM$IATE ABOLITION ( ! /ATE4 ,?IS DOES NOT MEAN ?AT WE HAVE TO TAKE IT AS IT IS4 ,! CLASSIC /ATE /RUCTURE ) ITS DESPOTIC ATTITUDE ( P[] IS UNACCEPTABLE4 ,! 9/ITUTIONAL /ATE NE$S TO BE SUBJECT$ TO DEMOCRATIC *ANGES4 ,AT ! 5D ( ?IS PROCESS1 !RE %\LD BE A LEAN /ATE AS A POLITICAL 9/ITUTION1 :I* ONLY OBS]VES FUNCTIONS 9 ! FIELDS ( 9T]NAL & EXT]NAL SECURITY & 9 ! PROVISION ( SOCIAL SECURITY4 ,SU* AN IDEA ( ! /ATE HAS NO?+ 9 COMMON ) ! AU?ORIT>IAN *>ACT] ( ! CLASSIC /ATE1 BUT W\LD RA!R BE REG>D$ AS A SOCIETAL AU?ORITY4 

O ,! ,KURDI% LIB]ATION MOVEM5T IS WORK+ = A SY/EM ( DEMOCRATIC SELF-ORGANIZATION 9 ,KURDI/AN ) ! FEATURES ( A CONF$]ATION4 ,DEMOCRATIC CONF$]ALISM UND]/&S ITSELF AS A COORD9ATION MODEL = A DEMOCRATIC NATION4 ,IT PROVIDES A FRAMEWORK1 )9 :I* 9T]ALIA M9ORITIES1 RELIGI\S COMMUNITIES1 CULTURAL GR\PS1 G5D]-SPECIFIC GR\PS & O!R SOCIETAL GR\PS CAN ORGANIZE AUTONOM\SLY4 ,?IS MODEL MAY ALSO BE CALL$ A WAY ( ORGANIZATION = DEMOCRATIC NATIONS & CULTURES4 ,! DEMOCRATIZATION PROCESS 9 ,KURDI/AN IS NOT LIMIT$ TO MATT]S ( =M BUT1 RA!R1 POSES A BROAD SOCIETAL PROJECT AIM+ AT ! ECONOMIC1 SOCIAL & POLITICAL SOV]EIGNTY ( ALL P>TS ( ! SOCIETY4 ,IT ADVANCES ! BUILD+ ( NECESS>Y 9/ITUTIONS & CREATES ! 9/RUM5TS = DEMOCRATIC SELF-GOV]NM5T & CONTROL4 ,IT IS A CONT9U\S & LONG-T]M PROCESS4 ,ELECTIONS >E NOT ! ONLY MEANS 9 ?IS CONTEXT4 ,RA!R1 ?IS IS A DYNAMIC POLITICAL PROCESS :I* NE$S DIRECT 9T]V5TION BY ! SOV]EIGN1 ! PEOPLE4 ,! PEOPLE >E TO BE DIRECTLY 9VOLV$ 9 ! DECISION-F9D+ PROCESSES ( ! SOCIETY4 ,?IS PROJECT BUILDS ON ! SELF-GOV]NM5T ( ! LOCAL COMMUNITIES & IS ORGANIZ$ 9 ! =M ( OP5 C\NCILS1 T[N C\NCILS1 LOCAL P>LIAM5TS1 & L>G] CONGRESSES4 ,! CITIZ5S !MSELVES >E ! AG5TS ( ?IS K9D ( SELF-GOV]NM5T1 NOT /ATE-BAS$ AU?ORITIES4 ,! PR9CIPLE ( F$]AL SELFGOV]NM5T HAS NO RE/RICTIONS4 ,IT CAN EV5 BE CONT9U$ ACROSS BORD]S 9 ORD] TO CREATE MULT9ATIONAL DEMOCRATIC /RUCTURES4 ,DEMOCRATIC CONF$]ALISM PREF]S FLAT HI]>*IES SO AS TO FUR!R DECISION F9D+ & DECISION MAK+ AT ! LEVEL ( ! COMMUNITIES4 

O ,! MODEL \TL9$ ABOVE MAY ALSO BE DESCRIB$ AS AUTONOM\S DEMOCRATIC SELF-GOV]NM5T1 :]E ! /ATE-RELAT$ SOV]EIGN RI<TS >E ONLY LIMIT$4 ,SU* A MODEL ALL[S A MORE ADEQUATE IMPLEM5TATION ( BASIC VALUES LIKE FRE$OM & EQUALITY ?AN TRADITIONAL ADM9I/RATIVE MODELS4 ,?IS MODEL NE$ NOT BE RE/RICT$ TO ,TURKEY1 BUT MAY ALSO BE APPLICABLE 9 ! O!R P>TS ( ,KURDI/AN4 ,SIMULTANE\SLY1 ?IS MODEL IS SUITABLE = ! BUILD+ ( F$]AL ADM9I/RATIVE /RUCTURES 9 ALL ,KURDI% SETTLEM5T >EAS 9 ,SYRIA1 ,TURKEY1 ,IRAQ & ,IRAN4 ,?US1 IT IS POSSIBLE TO BUILD CONF$]ATE /RUCTURES ACROSS ALL P>TS ( ,KURDI/AN )\T ! NE$ TO QUE/ION ! EXI/+ BORD]S 

O ,! DECL9E ( REAL-SOCIALISM WAS ALSO A RESULT ( H[ ! SOCIALI/ C\NTRIES US$ !IR P[] BO? 9T]NALLY & EXT]NALLY & ( ! FACT ?AT !Y MISCONCEIV$ ! IMPORTANCE ( ! G5D] ISSUE4 ,WOM5 & P[] SEEM TO BE QUITE CONTRADICTORY ?+S4 ,9 REAL-SOCIALISM1 ! QUE/ION ( WOM5'S RI<TS WAS A RA!R SUBORD9ATE ISSUE1 :I* WAS BELIEV$ TO BE RESOLV$ ANYWAY ONCE ! ECONOMIC & O!R SOCIETAL PROBLEMS W\LD BE SOLV$4 ,H[EV]1 WOM5 MAY ALSO BE REG>D$ AS AN OPPRESS$ CLASS & NATION OR AN OPPRESS$ G5D]4 ,AS LONG AS WE DO NOT DISCUSS FRE$OM & EQUAL TREATM5T ( WOM5 9 A HI/ORICAL & SOCIETAL CONTEXT1 AS LONG AS NO ADEQUATE !ORY HAS BE5 DEVIS$1 !RE WILL NOT BE AN ADEQUATE PRACTICE EI!R4 ,!RE=E1 WOM5'S LIB]ATION MU/ ASSUME A MA9 /RATEGIC P>T 9 ! DEMOCRATIC /RUGGLE = FRE$OM 9 ,KURDI/AN4 

O ,TODAY1 ! DEMOCRATIZATION ( POLITICS IS ONE ( ! MO/ URG5T *ALL5GES4 ,H[EV]1 DEMOCRATIC POLITICS NE$S DEMOCRATIC P>TIES4 ,AS LONG AS !RE >E NO P>TIES & P>TY-AFFILIAT$ 9/ITUTIONS COMMITT$ TO ! 9T]E/S ( ! SOCIETY 9/EAD ( FULFILL+ /ATE ORD]S1 A DEMOCRATIZATION ( POLITICS WILL BE H>DLY POSSIBLE4 ,9 ,TURKEY1 ! P>TIES >E ONLY PROPAG&A TOOLS ( ! /ATE 5JOY+ PUBLIC ALIM5TATION4 ,!IR TRANS=MATION 9TO P>TIES COMMITT$ EXCLUSIVELY TO ! 9T]E/S ( ! SOCIETY1 & ! CREATION ( ! NECESS>Y LEGAL BASIS 9 ?IS CONTEXT W\LD BE AN IMPORTANT P>T ( A POLITICAL RE=M4 ,! F\ND+ ( P>TIES BE>+ ! WORD ,KURDI/AN 9 !IR NAME IS /ILL A CRIM9AL ACT4 ,9DEP5D5T P>TIES >E /ILL OB/RUCT$ 9 MANY WAYS4 ,KURDI/ANRELAT$ P>TIES ( COALITIONS S]VE ! DEMOCRATIZATION AS LONG AS !Y DO NOT ADVOCATE SEP>ATISM OR ! USE ( VIOL5CE4 

O ,!RE IS A WIDESPREAD 9DIVIDUAL & 9/ITUTIONAL SUBS]VI5T SPIRIT1 :I* IS ONE ( ! BIGGE/ OB/ACLES 9 ! WAY ( DEMOCRATIZATION4 ,IT CAN ONLY BE OV]COME BY CREAT+ AN AW>5ESS ( DEMOCRACY 9 ALL P>TS ( ! SOCIETY4 ,! CITIZ5S MU/ BE 9VIT$ TO ACTIVELY COMMIT !MSELVES = DEMOCRACY4 ,= ! ,KURDS1 ?IS MEANS BUILD+ DEMOCRATIC /RUCTURES 9 ALL P>TS ( ,KURDI/AN & :]EV] !RE >E ,KURDI% COMMUNITIES1 :I* ADVANCE ! ACTIVE P>TICIPATION 9 ! POLITICAL LIFE ( ! COMMUNITY4 ,! M9ORITIES LIV+ 9 ,KURDI/AN MU/ BE 9VIT$ TO P>TICIPATE AS WELL4 ,! DEVELOPM5T ( GRASSROOTS-LEVEL DEMOCRATIC /RUCTURES & A CORRESPOND+ PRACTICAL APPROA* MU/ HAVE TOP PRIORITY4 ,SU* GRASSROOTS /RUCTURES MU/ BE REG>D$ AS OBLIGATORY EV5 :]E BASIC DEMOCRATIC & LEGAL PR9CIPLES >E VIOLAT$ AS 9 ! ,MIDDLE ,EA/4 

O ,POLITICS NE$S 9DEP5D5T M$IA4 ,)\T !M ! /ATE /RUCTURES WILL NOT DEVELOP ANY S5SITIVITY = QUE/IONS ( DEMOCRACY4 ,NOR WILL IT BE POSSIBLE TO BR+ DEMOCRACY 9TO POLITICS4 ,FRE$OM ( 9=MATION IS NOT ONLY A RI<T ( ! 9DIVIDUAL4 ,IT ALSO 9VOLVES A SOCIETAL DIM5SION4 ,9DEP5D5T M$IA HAVE ALSO ALWAYS A SOCIETAL M&ATE4 ,!IR COMMUNICATION ) ! PUBLIC MU/ BE M>K$ BY DEMOCRATIC BALANCE4 

O ,FEUDAL 9/ITUTIONS LIKE TRIBES1 %EIKDOM1 A<AS & SECT>IANISM1 :I* >E ESS5TIALLY RELICS ( ! ,MIDDLE ,AGES1 >E LIKE ! 9/ITUTIONS ( CLASSIC NATION-/ATES OB/ACLES 9 ! WAY ( DEMOCRATIZATION4 ,!Y MU/ BE URG$ APPROPRIATELY TO JO9 ! DEMOCRATIC *ANGE4 ,!SE P>ASITIC 9/ITUTIONS MU/ BE OV]COME ) TOP PRIORITY4 

O ,! RI<T TO NATIVE LANGUAGE $UCATION MU/ BE W>RANT$4 ,EV5 IF ! AU?ORITIES DO NOT ADVANCE SU* $UCATION1 !Y MU/ NOT IMP$E CIVIC EF=TS = ! CREATION ( 9/ITUTIONS (F]+ ,KURDI% LANGUAGE & CULTURE $UCATION4 ,! HEAL? SY/EM MU/ BE W>RANT$ BY BO? /ATE & CIVIL SOCIETY4 

O ,AN ECOLOGICAL MODEL ( SOCIETY IS ESS5TIALLY SOCIALI/4 ,! E/ABLI%M5T ( AN ECOLOGICAL BALANCE WILL ONLY BE ACCOMPLI%$ DUR+ ! TRANSITION PHASE FROM AN ALI5AT$ CLASS SOCIETY BAS$ ON DESPOTISM TO A SOCIALI/ SOCIETY4 ,IT W\LD BE AN ILLUSION TO HOPE = ! CONS]VATION ( ! 5VIRONM5T 9 A CAPITALI/ SY/EM4 ,!SE SY/EMS L>GELY P>TICIPATE 9 ! ECOLOGICAL DEVA/ATION4 ,PROTECTION ( ! 5VIRONM5T MU/ BE GIV5 BROAD CONSID]ATION 9 ! PROCESS ( SOCIETAL *ANGE4 

O ,! SOLUTION ( ! ,KURDI% QUE/ION WILL BE REALIZ$ )9 ! FRAMEWORK ( ! DEMOCRATIZATION ( ! C\NTRIES EX]CIS+ HEGEMONIC P[] OV] ! DIFF]5T P>TS ( ,KURDI/AN4 ,?IS PROCESS IS NOT LIMIT$ TO !SE C\NTRIES1 ?\<1 BUT RA!R EXT5DS ACROSS ! 5TIRE ,MIDDLE ,EA/4 ,! FRE$OM ( ,KURDI/AN IS TI$ TO ! DEMOCRATIZATION ( ! ,MIDDLE ,EA/4 ,A FREE ,KURDI/AN IS ONLY CONCEIVABLE AS A DEMOCRATIC ,KURDI/AN4 

O ,! 9DIVIDUAL FRE$OM ( EXPRESSION & DECISION IS 9DEFEASIBLE4 ,NO C\NTRY1 NO /ATE1 NO SOCIETY HAS ! RI<T TO RE/RICT !SE FRE$OMS1 :ATEV] REASONS !Y MAY CITE4 ,)\T ! FRE$OM ( ! 9DIVIDUAL !RE WILL BE NO FRE$OM = ! SOCIETY1 JU/ AS FRE$OM = ! 9DIVIDUAL IS IMPOSSIBLE IF ! SOCIETY IS NOT FREE4 

O ,A JU/ R$I/RIBUTION ( ! ECONOMIC RES\RCES PRES5TLY 9 ! POSSESSION ( ! /ATE IS EM95TLY IMPORTANT = ! LIB]ATION PROCESS ( ! SOCIETY4 ,ECONOMIC SUPPLY MU/ NOT BECOME A TOOL 9 ! H&S ( ! /ATE = EX]CIS+ PRESSURE ON ! PEOPLE4 ,ECONOMIC RES\RCES >E NOT ! PROP]TY ( ! /ATE BUT ( ! SOCIETY4 

,AN ECONOMY CLOSE TO ! PEOPLE %\LD BE BAS$ ON SU* R$I/RIBUTION & BE USE VALUE-ORI5T$ 9/EAD ( EXCLUSIVELY PURSU+ AN ECONOMY BAS$ ON COMMODIFICATION & PR(ITS4 ,! PR(IT-BAS$ ECONOMY HAS NOT ONLY DAMAG$ ! SOCIETY BUT ALSO ! 5VIRONM5T4 ,ONE ( ! MA9 REASONS = ! DECL9E ( ! SOCIETY LIES 9 ! LEVEL ( EXPANSION ( ! F9ANCIAL M>KETS4 ,! >TIFICIAL PRODUCTION ( NE$S1 ! MORE & MORE ADV5TUR\S SE>* = NEW SALES M>KETS & ! B\NDLESS GRE$ = EV] GR[+ PR(ITS LETS ! DIVIDE BETWE5 RI* & POOR /EADILY GR[ & 5L>GES ! >MY ( ?OSE LIV+ BEL[ ! POV]TY L9E OR EV5 DY+ ( HUNG]4 ,HUMANITY CAN NO LONG] SU/A9 ITSELF ) SU* AN ECONOMIC POLICY4 ,?IS IS !RE=E ! BIGGE/ *ALL5GE = SOCIALI/ POLITICS3 ,PROGRESSIVE TRANSITION FROM A COMMODITY ORI5T$ SOCIETY TO A SOCIETY PRODUC+ ON ! BASIS ( USE VALUE2 FROM A PRODUCTION BAS$ ON PR(IT TO A PRODUCTION BAS$ ON %>+4 

O ,AL?\< ! ,KURDS ASSIGN ! FAMILY A HI< VALUE IT IS /ILL A PLACE :]E FRE$OM DOES NOT AB\ND4 ,LACK ( F9ANCIAL RES\RCES1 LACK ( $UCATION1 LACK ( HEAL? C>E DO NOT ALL[ = MU* DEVELOPM5T4 ,! SITUATION ( WOM5 & *ILDR5 IS DISA/R\S4 ,SO-CALL$ HONOR-KILL+S ( FEMALE FAMILY MEMB]S >E A SYMBOL ( ?IS DISA/]4 ,!Y BECOME ! T>GETS ( AN >*AIC NOTION ( HONOR1 :I* REFLECTS ! DEG5]ATION ( ! 5TIRE SOCIETY4 ,MALE FRU/RATION OV] ! EXI/+ CONDITIONS IS DIRECT$ AGA9/ ! SUPPOS$LY WEAKE/ MEMB]S ( ! SOCIETY3 WOM54 ,! FAMILY AS A SOCIAL 9/ITUTION EXP]I5CES A CRISIS4 ,H]E1 TOO1 A SOLUTION CAN ONLY BE F\ND 9 ! CONTEXT ( AN OV]ALL DEMOCRATIZATION4 

,! PRES5T SITUATION & SUGGE/IONS = A SOLUTION 

,! ,KURDI%-,TURKI% RELATIONS 9 ,TURKEY PLAY A KEY ROLE ) A VIEW TO A SOLUTION ( ! ,KURDI% QUE/ION4 ,9 ?IS RESPECT1 ! ,KURDS 9 ,IRAQ1 ,IRAN1 & ,SYRIA HAVE ONLY A LIMIT$ POT5TIAL & CAN PROBABLY ONLY SUPPORT A POSSIBLE OV]ALL SOLUTION4 ,! ,KURDS 9 ,IRAQ GIVE A V]Y GOOD EXAMPLE4 ,! SEMI-/ATE ,KURDI% AUTONOMY IS 9DIRECTLY ! RESULT ( WORLDWIDE EF=TS ON ! P>T ( ,TURKEY1 ! ,U4,S4 & !IR ALLIES TO D5\NCE ! ,P,K,K AS A T]ROR ORGANIZATION4 ,)\T CONS5T BY ,ANK>A ?IS 0SOLUTION0 W\LD NOT HAVE BE5 POSSIBLE4 ,! *AOS CAUS$ BY ?IS SOLUTION IS OBVI\S1 & ! RESULT UN=ESEEABLE4 ,IT IS ALSO UNCLE> :I* DIRECTION ! FEUDAL-LIB]AL ,KURDI% NATIONAL AU?ORITY 9 ,IRAQ WILL TAKE 9 ! LONG RUN & H[ IT WILL AFFECT ,IRAN1 ,SYRIA1 & ,TURKEY4 ,!RE IS ! DANG] ( A REGIONAL ESCALATION ( ! CONFLICT SIMIL> 9 %APE TO ! ,ISRAELI-,PALE/9IAN CONFLICT4 ,A FL>E-UP ( ,KURDI% NATIONALISM MI<T EV5 RADICALIZE ! ,P]SIAN1 ,>AB & ,TURKI% NATIONALI/S FUR!R1 MAK+ A SOLUTION ( ! PROBLEM MORE DIFFICULT4 

,?IS PROSPECT NE$S TO BE CONTRA/$ ) A SOLUTION FREE ( NATIONALI/ ASPIRATIONS1 :I* RECOGNIZES ! EXI/+ T]RITORIAL BORD]S4 ,9 RETURN1 ! /ATUS ( ! ,KURDS WILL BE PUT D[N 9 ! RESPECTIVE CON/ITUTIONS ?US W>RANT+ !IR RI<TS CONC]N+ CULTURE1 LANGUAGE1 & POLITICAL P>TICIPATION4 ,SU* A MODEL W\LD BE L>GELY 9 ACCORDANCE ) ! HI/ORICAL & SOCIETAL REALITIES ( ! REGION4 

,9 ! LI<T ( ?IS1 MAK+ PEACE ) ! ,KURDS SEEMS 9EVITABLE4 ,IT IS HI<LY IMPROBABLE ?AT ! PRES5T W> OR ANY FUTURE W> WILL YIELD ANY?+ ELSE BUT A ,PYRRHUS' VICTORY4 ,!RE=E1 ?IS W> MU/ BE PUT TO AN 5D4 ,IT HAS BE5 LA/+ TOO LONG ALREADY4 ,IT IS 9 ! 9T]E/ ( ALL C\NTRIES ( ! REGION TO FOLL[ ! EXAMPLE ( O!R C\NTRIES & TAKE ! NECESS>Y /EPS4 

,! ,KURDS ONLY DEM& ?AT !IR EXI/5CE BE RESPECT$2 !Y DEM& FRE$OM ( CULTURE & A FULLY DEMOCRATIC SY/EM4 ,A MORE HUMANE & MODE/ SOLUTION IS IMPOSSIBLE4 ,! EXAMPLES ( ,S\? ,AFRICA1 ,WALES1 ,NOR!RN ,IREL&1 ,SCOTL&1 & ,CORSICA DEMON/RATE ! WAYS 9 :I* DIFF]5T MOD]N C\NTRIES HAVE BE5 ABLE TO SOLVE SIMIL> PROBLEMS 9 ! C\RSE ( !IR HI/ORY4 ,FUR!RMORE1 !SE COMP>ISONS HELP US TO F9D A MORE OBJECTIVE APPROA* TO \R [N PROBLEMS4 

,TURN+ \R BACKS TO VIOL5CE AS A MEANS ( SOLV+ ! ,KURDI% QUE/ION & OV]COM+ ! REPRESSIVE POLICY ( D5IAL AT LEA/ 9 P>T1 >E CLOSELY CONNECT$ TO ! FACT ?AT WE UPHELD ! DEMOCRATIC OPTION4 ,! BAN ON ,KURDI% LANGUAGE & CULTURE1 $UCATION & BROADCA/+ IS 9 ITSELF A T]RORI/ ACT & PRACTICALLY 9VITES C\NT] VIOL5CE4 ,VIOL5CE1 H[EV]1 HAS BE5 US$ BY BO? SIDES TO AN EXT5T ?AT GOES CLE>LY BEYOND LEGITIMATE SELF DEF5SE4 

,MANY MOVEM5TS TODAY TAKE TO EV5 MORE EXTREME ME?ODS4 ,H[EV]1 WE HAVE DECL>$ UNILAT]AL CEASEFIRES SEV]AL TIMES1 WE HAVE )DRAWN L>GE NUMB]S ( \R FI<T]S FROM ,TURKI% T]RITORY1 & ?US REFUT$ ! ACCUSATION ( T]RORISM4 ,\R PEACE EF=TS1 H[EV]1 HAVE BE5 IGNOR$ OV] ! YE>S4 ,\R 9ITIATIVES NEV] MET A RESPONSE4 ,RA!R1 A GR\P ( ,KURDI% POLITICIANS S5T \T AS AMBASSADORS ( PEACE WAS DETA9$ & H&$ LONG PRISON T]MS4 ,\R EF=TS = PEACE HAVE WRONGLY BE5 9T]PRET$ AS WEAKNESS4 ,!RE IS NO O!R EXPLANATION = /ATEM5TS LIKE 0! ,P,K,K & ,OCALAN >E PRACTICALLY F9I%$0 OR1 ?AT \R 9ITIATIVES W]E ONLY TACTICAL4 ,SO !Y CLAIM$ !Y ONLY NE$$ TO PROCE$ A LITTLE BIT T\<] 9 ORD] TO SMA% ! ,P,K,K4 ,SO !Y 9CREAS$ !IR ATTACKS ON ! ,KURDI% LIB]ATION MOVEM5T4 ,NOBODY ASKS1 H[EV]1 :Y !Y NEV] SUCCE$$8 ,IT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO SOLVE ! ,KURDI% QUE/ION BY MEANS ( VIOL5CE4 ,! ATTITUDE DESCRIB$ ABOVE ALSO CONTRIBUT$ TO ! FAILURE ( ! CEASEFIRE ?AT BEGAN ON ,OCTOB] #a1 #b#f4 ,I HAD CALL$ ON ! ,P,K,K TO (F] ?IS CEASEFIRE4 ,SOME ,9TELLECTUALS & NON-GOV]NM5T ORGANIZATIONS HAD DEM&$ SU* A /EP4 ,H[EV]1 AGA9 IT WAS NOT TAK5 S]I\SLY4 ,9/EAD1 RACISM & *AUV9ISM W]E /IRR$ UP CREAT+ AN ATMOSPH]E ( CONFRONTATION4 ,BESIDES1 WE MU/ NOT =GET ?AT ! ,A,K,P ALSO USES ?IS ISSUE TO PLAY D[N !IR [N PROBLEMS ) ! ,KEMALI/ ELITE BY MAK+ COMPROMISES ) ! >MY & SPECULAT+ ON ! ESCALATION ( ! ,KURDI% PROBLEM4 ,PRES5TLY1 ! GOV]NM5T RE/RICTS ITSELF TO SOME HALF-HE>T$ MEASURES 9 ORD] TO WR5* SOME CONCESSIONS FROM ! ,E,U4 ,!Y >E TRY+ TO W9 TIME ) ! HELP ( ! H>MONIZATION LAWS 5ACT$ 9 ! CONTEXT ( ! ,E,U ACCESSION PROCESS4 ,9 REALITY1 !SE SUPPOS$ RE=MS >E JU/ WA/E-PAP]4 

,! EXAC]BAT+ CONFLICT IS CAUSE = CONC]N4 ,NEV]!LESS1 ,I WILL NOT GIVE UP MY HOPES = A JU/ PEACE4 ,IT CAN BECOME POSSIBLE AT ANY TIME4 

,I (F] ! ,TURKI% SOCIETY A SIMPLE SOLUTION4 ,WE DEM& A DEMOCRATIC NATION4 ,WE >E NOT OPPOS$ TO ! UNIT>Y /ATE & REPUBLIC4 ,WE ACCEPT ! REPUBLIC1 ITS UNIT>Y /RUCTURE & LAICISM4 ,H[EV]1 WE BELIEVE ?AT IT MU/ BE R$EF9$ AS A DEMOCRATIC /ATE RESPECT+ PEOPLES1 CULTURES & RI<TS4 ,ON ?IS BASIS1 ! ,KURDS MU/ BE FREE TO ORGANIZE 9 A WAY ?AT !Y CAN LIVE !IR CULTURE & LANGUAGE & CAN DEVELOP ECONOMICALLY & ECOLOGICALLY4 ,?IS W\LD ALL[ ,KURDS1 ,TURKS & O!R CULTURES TO COME TOGE!R UND] ! RO( ( A DEMOCRATIC NATION 9 ,TURKEY4 ,?IS IS ONLY POSSIBLE1 ?\<1 ) A DEMOCRATIC CON/ITUTION & AN ADVANC$ LEGAL FRAMEWORK W>RANT+ RESPECT = DIFF]5T CULTURES4 

,\R IDEA ( A DEMOCRATIC NATION IS NOT DEF9$ BY FLAGS & BORD]S4 ,\R IDEA ( A DEMOCRATIC NATION EMBRACES A MODEL BAS$ ON DEMOCRACY 9/EAD ( A MODEL BAS$ ON /ATE /RUCTURES & E?NIC ORIG9S4 ,TURKEY NE$S TO DEF9E ITSELF AS A C\NTRY :I* 9CLUDES ALL E?NIC GR\PS4 ,?IS W\LD BE A MODEL BAS$ ON HUMAN RI<TS 9/EAD ( RELIGION OR RACE4 ,\R IDEA ( A DEMOCRATIC NATION EMBRACES ALL E?NIC GR\PS & CULTURES4 

,AGA9/ ?IS BACKGR\ND LET ME SUMM>IZE ! SOLUTION ,I PROPOSE3 

O ,! ,KURDI% QUE/ION IS TO BE TREAT$ AS A FUNDAM5TAL QUE/ION ( DEMOCRATIZATION4 ,! ,KURDI% ID5TITY MU/ BE PUT D[N 9 ! CON/ITUTION & 9TEGRAT$ 9 ! LEGAL SY/EM4 ,! NEW CON/ITUTION %ALL CONTA9 AN >TICLE ( ! FOLL[+ WORD+3 0,! CON/ITUTION ( ! ,TURKI% REPUBLIC RECOGNIZES ! EXI/5CE & ! EXPRESSION ( ALL ITS CULTURES 9 A DEMOCRATIC WAY40 ,?IS W\LD BE SUFFICI5T4 

O ,CULTURAL & LANGUAGE RI<TS MU/ BE PROTECT$ BY LAW4 ,!RE MU/ NOT BE ANY RE/RICTIONS = RADIO1 ,T,V & PRESS4 ,KURDI% PROGRAMS & PROGRAMS 9 O!R LANGUAGES MU/ BE TREAT$ BY ! SAME RULES & REGULATIONS AS ,TURKI% PROGRAMS4 ,! SAME MU/ BE TRUE = CULTURAL ACTIVITIES4 

O ,KURDI% %\LD BE TAU<T 9 ELEM5T>Y S*OOLS4 ,PEOPLE :O WANT !IR KIDS TO GET SU* AN $UCATION MU/ BE ABLE TO S5D !M TO SU* A S*OOL4 ,HI< S*OOLS %\LD (F] LESSONS ON ,KURDI% CULTURE1 LANGUAGE & LIT]ATURE AS ELECTIVE C\RSES4 ,UNIV]SITIES MU/ BE P]MITT$ TO E/ABLI% 9/ITUTES = ,KURDI% LANGUAGE1 LIT]ATURE1 CULTURE & HI/ORY4 

O ,! FRE$OM ( EXPRESSION & ORGANIZATION MU/ NOT BE RE/RICT$4 ,POLITICAL ACTIVITIES MU/ NOT BE RE/RICT$ OR REGULAT$ BY ! /ATE4 ,?IS MU/ ALSO BE TRUE 9 ! CONTEXT ( ! ,KURDI% QUE/ION )\T RE/RICTION4 

O ,P>TY & ELECTION LAWS MU/ BE SUBJECT$ TO A DEMOCRATIC RE=M4 ,! LAWS MU/ W>RANT ! P>TICIPATION ( ! ,KURDI% PEOPLE & ALL O!R DEMOCRATIC GR\PS 9 ! PROCESS ( DEMOCRATIC DECISION-MAK+4 O ,! VILLAGE-GU>D SY/EM & ! ILLEGAL NETWORKS )9 ! /ATE-/RUCTURES MU/ BE DISB&$4 

O ,PEOPLE :O HAVE BE5 EVICT$ FROM !IR VILLAGES DUR+ ! W> MU/ BE ALL[$ TO RETURN )\T IMP$IM5TS4 ,ALL ADM9I/RATIVE1 LEGAL1 ECONOMICAL OR SOCIAL MEASURES NECESS>Y MU/ BE MET4 ,FUR!RMORE1 A DEVELOPM5TAL PROGRAM MU/ BE 9ITIAT$ 9 ORD] TO HELP ! ,KURDI% POPULATION TO E>N A LIV+ & IMPROVE ! LEVEL ( LIV+4 

O ,A LAW = PEACE & P>TICIPATION 9 ! SOCIETY %ALL BE 5ACT$4 ,?IS LAW %ALL 5ABLE ! MEMB]S ( ! GU]RILLA1 ! IMPRISON$ & ?OSE :O >E 9 EXILE TO TAKE P>T 9 ! PUBLIC LIFE )\T ANY PRECONDITIONS4 

,ADDITIONALLY1 IMM$IATE MEASURES ON ! ROAD TO A SOLUTION NE$ TO BE DISCUSS$4 ,A DEMOCRATIC ACTION PLAN MU/ BE =MULAT$ & PUT 9TO PRACTICE4 ,9 ORD] TO RECONCILE ! SOCIETY1 TRU? & JU/ICE COMMISSIONS %ALL BE SET UP4 ,BO? SIDES MU/ F9D \T :AT !Y HAVE DONE WRONG & DISCUSS IT OP5LY4 ,?IS IS ! ONLY WAY TO A*IEVE ! RECONCILIATION ( ! SOCIETY4 

,:5EV] /ATES OR ORGANIZATIONS CANNOT MAKE PROGRESS ANYMORE1 9TELLECTUALS MAY S]VE AS M$IATORS4 ,S\? ,AFRICA1 ,NOR!RN ,IREL& OR ,SI]RA ,LEONE HAVE MADE POSITIVE EXP]I5CES ) ?IS MODEL4 ,!Y MAY TAKE ! ROLE ( >BITRATORS1 ) ! HELP ( :OM BO? P>TIES CAN BE MOV$ 9 ! DIRECTION ( A JU/ PEACE4 ,! COMMISSIONS MAY 9CLUDE 9TELLECTUALS1 LAWY]S1 PHYSICIANS OR SCI5TI/S4 ,:5 ! DAY COMES ?AT WE PUT D[N \R >MS1 IT WILL ONLY BE 9TO ! H&S ( SU* A COMMISSION1 PROVID$ IT IS A COMMISSION DET]M9$ TO A*IEVE JU/ICE4 

,:Y W\LD WE SURR5D] \R >MS )\T ! PROSPECT ( JU/ICE8 ,! BEG9N+ ( SU* A PROCESS ALSO DEP5DS ON GOODWILL & DIALOGUE4 ,%\LD 9DE$ A DIALOGUE COME AB\T1 WE WILL BE ABLE TO BEG9 A PROCESS SIMIL> TO ! LA/ UNLIMIT$ CEASEFIRE4 

,I AM PREP>$ TO DO ALL ,I CAN4 ,! GOV]NM5T1 H[EV]1 NE$S TO %[ ITS WILL = PEACE4 ,IT NE$S TO TAKE ! 9ITIATIVE4 ,?IS IS :AT !Y NE$ TO DO1 IF !Y DO NOT WI% TO BE RESPONSIBLE = ! CONSEQU5CES ALL ON !IR [N4 

,9 CASE \R EF=TS = A PEACEFUL SOLUTION MI<T FAIL OR >E SACRIFIC$ TO DAY BY DAY POLITICS1 P[] /RUGGLES OR PR(IT-SEEK+1 ! PRES5T CONFLICT WILL EXAC]BATE & ITS 5D WILL BECOME UN=ESEEABLE4 ,! *AOS FOLL[+ WILL SEE NO W9N]S4 

,AT LA/1 ,TURKEY NE$S TO MU/] ! /R5G? TO RECOGNIZE ITS [N REALITY1 ! REALITY ( ! ,KURDI% EXI/5CE & GLOBAL DYNAMICS4 ,A /ATE :I* D5IES REALITY WILL EV5TUALLY & 9EVITABLY F9D ITSELF ON ! BR9K ( EXI/5CE4 ,IT IS CRUCIAL1 !RE=E1 TO TAKE ! /EPS ?AT WILL LEAD ?IS C\NTRY TO A LA/+ PEACE4 

,ABDULLAH ,OCALAN 

,ONE-P]SON-PRISON1 ,IMRALI ,ISL& 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,JANU>Y #a#g1 #bb 3 ,W> & ,PEACE 9 ,KURDI/AN -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #c1 #bbb 3 ,W> & ,PEACE 9 ,KURDI/AN -- ,UPDAT$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
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