,W> ,IS ! ,HEAL? ( ! ,/ATE 

#aiah 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,R&OLPH ,B\RNE 

,TAGS 3 IDEAL ( ! /ATE1 SANCTITY ( ! /ATE1 ORGANIZ$ AS A /ATE1 IDEA ( ! /ATE1 TIMES ( PEACE1 RELATION ( /ATES1 MA*9]Y ( GOV]NM5T1 WORLD W> I1 P>LIAM5T OR CONGRESS1 /ATE & GOV]NM5T4 

,TEXT 3 

  

,PHOTO BY ,H,G1,C,C ,B,Y-,N,C ,LIC5SE ,TO MO/ ,AM]ICANS ( ! CLASSES :I* CONSID] !MSELVES SIGNIFICANT ! W> .<,WORLD 
,W> ,I,I BR\<T A S5SE ( ! SANCTITY ( ! ,/ATE :I*1 IF !Y HAD HAD TIME TO ?9K 
AB\T IT1 W\LD HAVE SEEM$ A SUDD5 & SURPRIS+ ALT]ATION 9 !IR HABITS ( ?\<T4 
,9 TIMES ( PEACE1 WE USUALLY IGNORE ! ,/ATE 9 FAVOR ( P>TISAN POLITICAL 
CONTROV]SIES1 OR P]SONAL /RUGGLES = (FICE1 OR ! PURSUIT ( P>TY POLICIES4 ,IT IS 
! ,GOV]NM5T RA!R ?AN ! ,/ATE ) :I* ! POLITICALLY M9D$ >E CONC]N$4 ,! 
,/ATE IS R$UC$ TO A %AD[Y EMBLEM :I* COMES TO CONSCI\SNESS ONLY ON OCCASIONS ( 
PATRIOTIC HOLIDAY4  

,GOV]NM5T IS OBVI\SLY COMPOS$ ( COMMON & UNSANCTIFI$ M51 & IS ?US A 
LEGITIMATE OBJECT ( CRITICISM & EV5 CONTEMPT4 ,IF Y\R [N P>TY IS 9 P[]1 ?+S 
MAY BE ASSUM$ TO BE MOV+ SAFELY 5\<2 BUT IF ! OPPOSITION IS 91 !N CLE>LY ALL 
SAFETY & HONOR HAVE FL$ ! ,/ATE4 ,YET Y\ DO NOT PUT IT TO Y\RSELF 9 QUITE ?AT WAY4 
,:AT Y\ ?9K IS ONLY ?AT !RE >E RASCALS TO BE TURN$ \T ( A V]Y PRACTICAL 
MA*9]Y ( (FICES & FUNCTIONS :I* Y\ TAKE = GRANT$4 ,:5 WE SAY ?AT ,AM]ICANS 
>E LAWLESS1 WE USUALLY MEAN ?AT !Y >E LESS CONSCI\S ?AN O!R PEOPLES ( ! AUGU/ 
MAJE/Y ( ! 9/ITUTION ( ! ,/ATE AS IT /&S BEH9D ! OBJECTIVE GOV]NM5T ( 
M5 & LAWS :I* WE SEE4 ,9 A REPUBLIC ! M5 :O HOLD (FICE >E 9DI/+UI%ABLE 
FROM ! MASS4 ,V]Y FEW ( !M POSSESS ! SLI<TE/ P]SONAL DIGNITY ) :I* !Y 
C\LD 5D[ !IR POLITICAL ROLE2 EV5 IF !Y EV] ?\<T ( SU* A ?+4 ,& !Y HAVE 
NO CLASS DI/9CTION TO GIVE !M GLAM\R4 ,9 A REPUBLIC ! ,GOV]NM5T IS OBEY$ 
GRUMBL+LY1 BECAUSE IT HAS NO B$AZZLEM5TS OR SANCTITIES TO GILD IT4 ,IF Y\ >E A GOOD 
OLD-FA%ION$ DEMOCRAT1 Y\ REJOICE AT ?IS FACT1 Y\ GLORY 9 ! PLA9NESS ( A SY/EM 
:]E EV]Y CITIZ5 HAS BECOME A K+4 ,IF Y\ >E MORE SOPHI/ICAT$ Y\ BEMOAN ! 
PASS+ ( DIGNITY & HONOR FROM AFFAIRS ( ,/ATE4 ,BUT 9 PRACTICE1 ! DEMOCRAT DOES NOT 
9 ! LEA/ TREAT HIS ELECT$ CITIZ5 ) ! RESPECT DUE TO A K+1 NOR DOES ! 
SOPHI/ICAT$ CITIZ5 PAY TRIBUTE TO ! DIGNITY EV5 :5 HE F9DS IT4 ,! REPUBLICAN 
,/ATE HAS ALMO/ NO TRAPP+S TO APPEAL TO ! COMMON MAN@&_?#a#d#f2S EMOTIONS4 ,:AT IT HAS >E 
( MILIT>Y ORIG91 & 9 AN UNMILIT>Y ]A SU* AS WE HAVE PASS$ ?R\< S9CE ! 
,CIVIL ,W>1 EV5 MILIT>Y TRAPP+S HAVE BE5 SC>CELY SE54 ,9 SU* AN ]A ! S5SE ( 
! ,/ATE ALMO/ FADES \T ( ! CONSCI\SNESS ( M54  

,) ! %OCK ( W>1 H[EV]1 ! ,/ATE COMES 9TO ITS [N AGA94 ,! ,GOV]NM5T1 
) NO M&ATE FROM ! PEOPLE1 )\T CONSULTATION ( ! PEOPLE1 CONDUCTS ALL ! 
NEGOTIATIONS1 ! BACK+ & FILL+1 ! M5ACES & EXPLANATIONS1 :I* SL[LY BR+ IT 
9TO COLLISION ) SOME O!R ,GOV]NM5T1 & G5TLY & IRRESI/IBLY SLIDES ! C\NTRY 
9TO W>4 ,= ! B5EFIT ( PR\D & HAU<TY CITIZ5S1 IT IS =TIFI$ ) A LI/ ( 
! 9TOL]ABLE 9SULTS :I* HAVE BE5 HURL$ T[>D US BY ! O!R NATIONS2 = ! 
B5EFIT ( ! LIB]AL & B5EFIC5T1 IT HAS A CONV9C+ SET ( MORAL PURPOSES :I* \R 
GO+ TO W> WILL A*IEVE2 = ! AMBITI\S & AGGRESSIVE CLASSES1 IT CAN G5TLY :ISP] 
( A BIGG] ROLE 9 ! DE/9Y ( ! WORLD4 ,! RESULT IS ?AT1 EV5 9 ?OSE C\NTRIES 
:]E ! BUS9ESS ( DECL>+ W> IS !ORETICALLY 9 ! H&S ( REPRES5TATIVES ( 
! PEOPLE1 NO LEGISLATURE HAS EV] BE5 KN[N TO DECL9E ! REQUE/ ( AN ,EXECUTIVE1 
:I* HAS CONDUCT$ ALL =EIGN AFFAIRS 9 UTT] PRIVACY & IRRESPONSIBILITY1 ?AT IT 
ORD] ! NATION 9TO BATTLE4 ,GOOD DEMOCRATS >E WONT TO FEEL ! CRUCIAL DIFF]5CE 
BETWE5 A ,/ATE 9 :I* ! POPUL> ,P>LIAM5T OR ,CONGRESS DECL>ES W>1 & ! ,/ATE 9 
:I* AN ABSOLUTE MON>* OR RUL+ CLASS DECL>ES W>4 ,BUT1 PUT TO ! /]N PRAGMATIC 
TE/1 ! DIFF]5CE IS NOT /RIK+4 ,9 ! FREE/ ( REPUBLICS AS WELL AS 9 ! MO/ 
TYRANNICAL ( EMPIRES1 ALL =EIGN POLICY1 ! DIPLOMATIC NEGOTIATIONS :I* PRODUCE OR 
=E/ALL W>1 >E EQUALLY ! PRIVATE PROP]TY ( ! ,EXECUTIVE P>T ( ! ,GOV]NM5T1 
& >E EQUALLY EXPOS$ TO NO *ECK :ATEV] FROM POPUL> BODIES1 OR ! PEOPLE VOT+ AS 
A MASS !MSELVES4  

,! MOM5T W> IS DECL>$1 H[EV]1 ! MASS ( ! PEOPLE1 ?R\< SOME SPIRITUAL 
AL*EMY1 BECOME CONV9C$ ?AT !Y HAVE WILL$ & EXECUT$ ! DE$ !MSELVES4 ,!Y 
!N1 ) ! EXCEPTION ( A FEW MALCONT5TS1 PROCE$ TO ALL[ !MSELVES TO BE 
REGIM5T$1 CO]C$1 D]ANG$ 9 ALL ! 5VIRONM5TS ( !IR LIVES1 & TURN$ 9TO A 
SOLID MANUFACTORY ( DE/RUCTION T[>D :ATEV] O!R PEOPLE MAY HAVE1 9 ! APPO9T$ 
S*EME ( ?+S1 COME )9 ! RANGE ( ! ,GOV]NM5T@&_?#a#d#f2S DISAPPROBATION4 ,! 
CITIZ5 ?R[S (F HIS CONTEMPT & 9DIFF]5CE TO ,GOV]NM5T1 ID5TIFIES HIMSELF ) 
ITS PURPOSES1 REVIVES ALL HIS MILIT>Y MEMORIES & SYMBOLS1 & ! ,/ATE ONCE MORE 
WALKS1 AN AUGU/ PRES5CE1 ?R\< ! IMAG9ATIONS ( M54 ,PATRIOTISM BECOMES ! 
DOM9ANT FEEL+1 & PRODUCES IMM$IATELY ?AT 9T5SE & HOPELESS CONFUSION BETWE5 ! 
RELATIONS :I* ! 9DIVIDUAL BE>S & %\LD BE> T[>D ! SOCIETY ( :I* HE IS A 
P>T4  

,! PATRIOT LOSES ALL S5SE ( ! DI/9CTION BETWE5 ,/ATE1 NATION1 & GOV]NM5T4 
,9 \R QUIET] MOM5TS1 ! ,NATION OR ,C\NTRY =MS ! BASIC IDEA ( SOCIETY4 ,WE ?9K 
VAGUELY ( A LOOSE POPULATION SPREAD+ OV] A C]TA9 GEOGRAPHICAL PORTION ( ! 
E>?@&_?#a#d#f2S SURFACE1 SPEAK+ A COMMON LANGUAGE1 & LIV+ 9 A HOMOG5E\S 
CIVILIZATION4 ,\R IDEA ( ,C\NTRY CONC]NS ITSELF ) ! NONPOLITICAL ASPECTS ( A 
PEOPLE1 ITS WAYS ( LIV+1 ITS P]SONAL TRAITS1 ITS LIT]ATURE & >T1 ITS 
*>ACT]I/IC ATTITUDES T[>D LIFE4 ,WE >E ,AM]ICANS BECAUSE WE LIVE 9 A C]TA9 
B\ND$ T]RITORY1 BECAUSE \R ANCE/ORS HAVE C>RI$ ON A GREAT 5T]PRISE ( PIONE]+ 
& COLONIZATION1 BECAUSE WE LIVE 9 C]TA9 K9DS ( COMMUNITIES :I* HAVE A C]TA9 
LOOK & EXPRESS !IR ASPIRATIONS 9 C]TA9 WAYS4 ,WE CAN SEE ?AT \R CIVILIZATION IS 
DIFF]5T FROM CONTIGU\S CIVILIZATIONS LIKE ! ,9DIAN & ,MEXICAN4 ,! 9/ITUTIONS ( 
\R C\NTRY =M A C]TA9 NETWORK :I* AFFECTS US VITALLY & 9TRIGUES \R ?\<TS 9 
A WAY ?AT !SE O!R CIVILIZATIONS DO NOT4 ,WE >E A P>T ( ,C\NTRY1 = BETT] OR = 
WORSE4 ,WE HAVE >RIV$ 9 IT ?R\< ! OP]ATION ( PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS1 & NOT 9 ANY 
WAY ?R\< \R [N *OICE4 ,BY ! TIME WE HAVE REA*$ :AT >E CALL$ YE>S ( 
DISCRETION1 ITS 9FLU5CES HAVE MOLD$ \R HABITS1 \R VALUES1 \R WAYS ( ?9K+1 SO 
?AT H[EV] AW>E WE MAY BECOME1 WE NEV] REALLY LOSE ! /AMP ( \R CIVILIZATION1 OR 
C\LD BE MI/AK5 = ! *ILD ( ANY O!R C\NTRY4 ,\R FEEL+ = \R FELL[ 
C\NTRYM5 IS ONE ( SIMIL>ITY OR ( M]E ACQUA9TANCE4 ,WE MAY BE 9T5SELY PR\D ( & 
CONG5IAL TO \R P>TICUL> NETWORK ( CIVILIZATION1 OR WE MAY DETE/ MO/ ( ITS 
QUALITIES & RAGE AT ITS DEFECTS4 ,?IS DOES NOT ALT] ! FACT ?AT WE >E 9EXTRICABLY 
B\ND UP 9 IT4 ,! ,C\NTRY1 AS AN 9ESCAPABLE GR\P 9TO :I* WE >E BORN1 & :I* 
MAKES US ITS P>TICUL> K9D ( A CITIZ5 ( ! WORLD1 SEEMS TO BE A FUNDAM5TAL FACT ( 
\R CONSCI\SNESS1 AN IRR$UCIBLE M9IMUM ( SOCIAL FEEL+4  

,N[ ?IS FEEL+ = C\NTRY IS ESS5TIALLY NONCOMPETITIVE2 WE ?9K ( \R [N PEOPLE 
M]ELY AS LIV+ ON ! E>?@&_?#a#d#f2S SURFACE ALONG ) O!R GR\PS1 PLEASANT OR 
OBJECTIONABLE AS !Y MAY BE1 BUT FUNDAM5TALLY AS %>+ ! E>? ) !M4 ,9 \R 
SIMPLE CONCEPTION ( C\NTRY !RE IS NO MORE FEEL+ ( RIVALRY ) O!R PEOPLES ?AN 
!RE IS 9 \R FEEL+ = \R FAMILY4 ,\R 9T]E/ TURNS )9 RA!R ?AN )\T1 IS 
9T5SIVE & NOT BELLIG]5T4 ,WE GR[ UP & \R IMAG9ATIONS GRADUALLY /AKE \T ! 
WORLD WE LIVE 91 !Y NE$ NO GREAT] CONSCI\S SATISFACTION = !IR GREG>I\S 
IMPULSES ?AN ?IS S5SE ( A GREAT MASS ( PEOPLE TO :OM WE >E MORE OR LESS ATTUN$1 
& 9 :OSE 9/ITUTIONS WE >E FUNCTION+4 ,! FEEL+ = C\NTRY W\LD BE AN 
UN9FLATABLE MAXIMUM W]E IT NOT = ! IDEAS ( ,/ATE & ,GOV]NM5T :I* >E 
ASSOCIAT$ ) IT4 ,C\NTRY IS A CONCEPT ( PEACE1 ( TOL]ANCE1 ( LIV+ & LETT+ 
LIVE4 ,BUT ,/ATE IS ESS5TIALLY A CONCEPT ( P[]1 ( COMPETITION3 IT SIGNIFIES A GR\P 9 
ITS AGGRESSIVE ASPECTS4 ,& WE HAVE ! MIS=TUNE ( BE+ BORN NOT ONLY 9TO A C\NTRY 
BUT 9TO A ,/ATE1 & AS WE GR[ UP WE LE>N TO M+LE ! TWO FEEL+S 9TO A HOPELESS 
CONFUSION4  

,! ,/ATE IS ! C\NTRY ACT+ AS A POLITICAL UNIT1 IT IS ! GR\P ACT+ AS A 
REPOSITORY ( =CE1 DET]M9] ( LAW1 >BIT] ( JU/ICE4 ,9T]NATIONAL POLITICS IS A 
@&_?#a#d#g2P[] POLITICS@&_?#a#d#h2 BECAUSE IT IS A RELATION ( ,/ATES & ?AT IS :AT ,/ATES 
9FALLIBLY & CALAMIT\SLY >E1 HUGE AGGREGATIONS ( HUMAN & 9DU/RIAL =CE ?AT MAY 
BE HURL$ AGA9/ EA* O!R 9 W>4 ,:5 A C\NTRY ACTS AS A :OLE 9 RELATION TO ANO!R 
C\NTRY1 OR 9 IMPOS+ LAWS ON ITS [N 9HABITANTS1 OR 9 CO]C+ OR PUNI%+ 
9DIVIDUALS OR M9ORITIES1 IT IS ACT+ AS A ,/ATE4 ,! HI/ORY ( ,AM]ICA AS A C\NTRY IS 
QUITE DIFF]5T FROM ?AT ( ,AM]ICA AS A ,/ATE4 ,9 ONE CASE IT IS ! DRAMA ( ! 
PIONE]+ CONQUE/ ( ! L&1 ( ! GR[? ( WEAL? & ! WAYS 9 :I* IT WAS 
US$1 ( ! 5T]PRISE ( $UCATION1 & ! C>RY+ \T ( SPIRITUAL IDEALS1 ( ! 
/RUGGLE ( ECONOMIC CLASSES4 ,BUT AS A ,/ATE1 ITS HI/ORY IS ?AT ( PLAY+ A P>T 9 ! 
WORLD1 MAK+ W>1 OB/RUCT+ 9T]NATIONAL TRADE1 PREV5T+ ITSELF FROM BE+ SPLIT TO 
PIECES1 PUNI%+ ?OSE CITIZ5S :OM SOCIETY AGREES >E (F5SIVE1 & COLLECT+ MONEY 
TO PAY = ALL4  

,GOV]NM5T ON ! O!R H& IS SYNONYM\S ) NEI!R ,/ATE NOR ,NATION4 ,IT IS ! 
MA*9]Y BY :I* ! NATION1 ORGANIZ$ AS A ,/ATE1 C>RIES \T ITS ,/ATE FUNCTIONS4 
,GOV]NM5T IS A FRAMEWORK ( ! ADM9I/RATION ( LAWS1 & ! C>RY+ \T ( ! 
PUBLIC =CE4 ,GOV]NM5T IS ! IDEA ( ! ,/ATE PUT 9TO PRACTICAL OP]ATION 9 ! 
H&S ( DEF9ITE1 CONCRETE1 FALLIBLE M54 ,IT IS ! VISIBLE SIGN ( ! 9VISIBLE GRACE4 
,IT IS ! WORD MADE FLE%4 ,& IT HAS NECESS>ILY ! LIMITATIONS 9H]5T 9 ALL 
PRACTICALITY4 ,GOV]NM5T IS ! ONLY =M 9 :I* WE CAN 5VISAGE ! ,/ATE1 BUT IT IS BY 
NO MEANS ID5TICAL ) IT4 ,?AT ! ,/ATE IS A MY/ICAL CONCEPTION IS SOME?+ ?AT MU/ 
NEV] BE =GOTT54 ,ITS GLAM\R & ITS SIGNIFICANCE L+] BEH9D ! FRAMEWORK ( 
,GOV]NM5T & DIRECT ITS ACTIVITIES4  

,W>TIME BR+S ! IDEAL ( ! ,/ATE \T 9TO V]Y CLE> RELIEF1 & REVEALS ATTITUDES 
& T5D5CIES ?AT W]E HIDD54 ,9 TIMES ( PEACE ! S5SE ( ! ,/ATE FLAGS 9 A 
REPUBLIC ?AT IS NOT MILIT>IZ$4 ,= W> IS ESS5TIALLY ! HEAL? ( ! ,/ATE4 ,! 
IDEAL ( ! ,/ATE IS ?AT )9 ITS T]RITORY ITS P[] & 9FLU5CE %\LD BE 
UNIV]SAL4 ,AS ! ,*UR* IS ! M$IUM = ! SPIRITUAL SALVATION ( MAN1 SO ! ,/ATE IS 
?\<T ( AS ! M$IUM = HIS POLITICAL SALVATION4 ,ITS IDEALISM IS A RI* BLOOD FL[+ 
TO ALL ! MEMB]S ( ! BODY POLITIC4 ,& IT IS PRECISELY 9 W> ?AT ! URG5CY = 
UNION SEEMS GREATE/1 & ! NECESSITY = UNIV]SALITY SEEMS MO/ UNQUE/ION$4 ,! 
,/ATE IS ! ORGANIZATION ( ! H]D TO ACT (F5SIVELY OR DEF5SIVELY AGA9/ ANO!R 
H]D SIMIL>LY ORGANIZ$4 ,! MORE T]RIFY+ ! OCCASION = DEF5SE1 ! CLOS] WILL 
BECOME ! ORGANIZATION & ! MORE CO]CIVE ! 9FLU5CE UPON EA* MEMB] ( ! H]D4 
,W> S5DS ! CURR5T ( PURPOSE & ACTIVITY FL[+ D[N TO ! L[E/ LEVEL ( ! 
H]D1 & TO ITS MO/ REMOTE BRAN*ES4 ,ALL ! ACTIVITIES ( SOCIETY >E L9K$ TOGE!R 
AS FA/ AS POSSIBLE TO ?IS C5TRAL PURPOSE ( MAK+ A MILIT>Y (F5SIVE OR A MILIT>Y 
DEF5SE1 & ! ,/ATE BECOMES :AT 9 PEACETIMES IT HAS VA9LY /RUGGL$ TO BECOME @&_?#a#e#a2 
! 9EXORABLE >BIT] & DET]M9ANT ( M5@&_?#a#d#f2S BUS9ESS & ATTITUDES & OP9IONS4 
,! SLACK IS TAK5 UP1 ! CROSS-CURR5TS FADE \T1 & ! NATION MOVES LUMB]+LY & 
SL[LY1 BUT ) EV] ACCEL]AT$ SPE$ & 9TEGRATION1 T[>D ! GREAT 5D1 T[>D ! 
@&_?#a#d#g2PEACEFULNESS ( BE+ AT W>1@&_?#a#d#h2 ( :I* ,L4,P4 ,JACKS HAS SO UN=GETTABLY SPOK54 

,! CLASSES :I* >E ABLE TO PLAY AN ACTIVE & NOT M]ELY A PASSIVE ROLE 9 ! 
ORGANIZATION = W> GET A TREM5D\S LIB]ATION ( ACTIVITY & 5]GY4 ,9DIVIDUALS >E 
JOLT$ \T ( !IR OLD R\T9E1 MANY ( !M >E GIV5 NEW POSITIONS ( RESPONSIBILITY1 
NEW TE*NIQUES MU/ BE LE>N$4 ,WE>+ HOME TIES >E BROK5 & WOM5 :O W\LD HAVE 
REMA9$ ATTA*$ ) 9FANTILE BONDS >E LIB]AT$ = S]VICE OV]SEAS4 ,A VA/ S5SE ( 
REJUV5ESC5CE P]VADES ! SIGNIFICANT CLASSES1 A S5SE ( NEW IMPORTANCE 9 ! WORLD4 
,OLD NATIONAL IDEALS >E TAK5 \T1 RE-ADAPT$ TO ! PURPOSE & US$ AS UNIV]SAL 
T\*/ONES1 OR MOLDS 9TO :I* ALL ?\<T IS P\R$4 ,EV]Y 9DIVIDUAL CITIZ5 :O 9 
PEACETIMES HAD NO FUNCTION TO P]=M BY :I* HE C\LD IMAG9E HIMSELF AN EXPRESSION OR 
LIV+ FRAGM5T ( ! ,/ATE BECOMES AN ACTIVE AMATEUR AG5T ( ! ,GOV]NM5T 9 
REPORT+ SPIES & DISLOYALI/S1 9 RAIS+ ,GOV]NM5T FUNDS1 OR 9 PROPAGAT+ SU* 
MEASURES AS >E CONSID]$ NECESS>Y BY (FICIALDOM4 ,M9ORITY OP9ION1 :I* 9 TIMES ( 
PEACE1 WAS ONLY IRRITAT+ & C\LD NOT BE DEALT ) BY LAW UNLESS IT WAS CONJO9$ ) 
ACTUAL CRIME1 BECOMES1 ) ! \TBREAK ( W>1 A CASE = \TLAWRY4 ,CRITICISM ( ! 
,/ATE1 OBJECTIONS TO W>1 LUKEW>M OP9IONS CONC]N+ ! NECESSITY OR ! BEAUTY ( 
CONSCRIPTION1 >E MADE SUBJECT TO F]OCI\S P5ALTIES1 F> EXCE$+ 9 SEV]ITY ?OSE 
AFFIX$ TO ACTUAL PRAGMATIC CRIMES4 ,PUBLIC OP9ION1 AS EXPRESS$ 9 ! NEWSPAP]S1 & 
! PULPITS & ! S*OOLS1 BECOMES ONE SOLID BLOCK4 @&_?#a#d#g2,LOYALTY1@&_?#a#d#h2 OR RA!R W> 
OR?ODOXY1 BECOMES ! SOLE TE/ = ALL PR(ESSIONS1 TE*NIQUES1 OCCUPATIONS4 
,P>TICUL>LY IS ?IS TRUE 9 ! SPH]E ( ! 9TELLECTUAL LIFE4 ,!RE ! SMALLE/ TA9T 
IS HELD TO SPREAD OV] ! :OLE S\L1 SO ?AT A PR(ESSOR ( PHYSICS IS IPSO FACTO DISQUALIFI$ 
TO TEA* PHYSICS OR TO HOLD HONORABLE PLACE 9 A UNIV]SITY @&_?#a#e#a2 ! REPUBLIC ( 
LE>N+ @&_?#a#e#a2 IF HE IS AT ALL UNS\ND ON ! W>4 ,EV5 M]E ASSOCIATION ) P]SONS 
?US TA9T$ IS CONSID]$ TO DISQUALIFY A TEA*]4 ,ANY?+ P]TA9+ TO ! 5EMY 
BECOMES TABOO4 ,HIS BOOKS >E SUPPRESS$ :]EV] POSSIBLE1 HIS LANGUAGE IS =BIDD54 ,HIS 
>TI/IC PRODUCTS >E CONSID]$ TO CONVEY 9 ! SUBTLE/ SPIRITUAL WAY TA9TS ( VA/ 
POISON TO ! S\L ?AT P]MITS ITSELF TO 5JOY !M4 ,SO 5EMY MUSIC IS SUPPRESS$1 & 
5]GETIC MEASURES ( OPPROBRIUM TAK5 AGA9/ ?OSE :OSE >TI/IC CONSCI5CES >E NOT 
READY TO P]=M SU* AN ACT ( SELF-SACRIFICE4 ,! RAGE = LOYAL CON=MITY WORKS 
IMP>TIALLY1 & (T5 9 DIAMETRIC OPPOSITION TO O!R OR?ODOXIES & TRADITIONAL 
CON=MITIES1 OR EV5 IDEALS4 ,! TRIUMPHANT OR?ODOXY ( ! ,/ATE IS %[N AT ITS APEX 
P]HAPS :5 ,*RI/IAN PREA*]S LOSE !IR PULPITS = TAK+ 9 MORE OR LESS LIT]AL 
T]MS ! ,S]MON ON ! ,M\NT1 & ,*RI/IAN ZEALOTS >E S5T TO PRISON = TW5TY YE>S 
= DI/RIBUT+ TRACTS :I* >GUE ?AT W> IS UNSCRIPTURAL4  

,W> IS ! HEAL? ( ! ,/ATE4 ,IT AUTOMATICALLY SETS 9 MOTION ?R\<\T SOCIETY 
?OSE IRRESI/IBLE =CES = UNI=MITY1 = PASSIONATE COOP]ATION ) ! ,GOV]NM5T 
9 CO]C+ 9TO OB$I5CE ! M9ORITY GR\PS & 9DIVIDUALS :I* LACK ! L>G] H]D 
S5SE4 ,! MA*9]Y ( GOV]NM5T SETS & 5=CES ! DRA/IC P5ALTIES2 ! M9ORITIES 
>E EI!R 9TIMIDAT$ 9TO SIL5CE1 OR BR\<T SL[LY >\ND BY A SUBTLE PROCESS ( 
P]SUASION :I* MAY SEEM TO !M REALLY TO BE CONV]T+ !M4 ,( C\RSE1 ! IDEAL ( 
P]FECT LOYALTY1 P]FECT UNI=MITY IS NEV] REALLY ATTA9$4 ,! CLASSES UPON :OM ! 
AMATEUR WORK ( CO]CION FALLS >E UNWE>I$ 9 !IR ZEAL1 BUT (T5 !IR AGITATION 
9/EAD ( CONV]T+1 M]ELY S]VES TO /IFF5 !IR RESI/ANCE4 ,M9ORITIES >E R5D]$ 
SULL51 & SOME 9TELLECTUAL OP9ION BITT] & SATIRICAL4 ,BUT 9 G5]AL1 ! NATION 9 
W>TIME ATTA9S A UNI=MITY ( FEEL+1 A HI]>*Y ( VALUES CULM9AT+ AT ! 
UNDISPUT$ APEX ( ! ,/ATE IDEAL1 :I* C\LD NOT POSSIBLY BE PRODUC$ ?R\< ANY O!R 
AG5CY ?AN W>4 ,LOYALTY @&_?#a#e#a2 OR MY/IC DEVOTION TO ! ,/ATE @&_?#a#e#a2 BECOMES ! MAJOR 
IMAG9$ HUMAN VALUE4 ,O!R VALUES1 SU* AS >TI/IC CREATION1 KN[L$GE1 REASON1 BEAUTY1 
! 5HANCEM5T ( LIFE1 >E 9/ANTLY & ALMO/ UNANIM\SLY SACRIFIC$1 & ! 
SIGNIFICANT CLASSES :O HAVE CON/ITUT$ !MSELVES ! AMATEUR AG5TS ( ! ,/ATE >E 
5GAG$ NOT ONLY 9 SACRIFIC+ !SE VALUES = !MSELVES BUT 9 CO]C+ ALL O!R 
P]SONS 9TO SACRIFIC+ !M4  

,W> @&_?#a#e#a2 OR AT LEA/ MOD]N W> WAG$ BY A DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC AGA9/ A P[]FUL 
5EMY @&_?#a#e#a2 SEEMS TO A*IEVE = A NATION ALMO/ ALL ?AT ! MO/ 9FLAM$ POLITICAL 
IDEALI/ C\LD DESIRE4 ,CITIZ5S >E NO LONG] 9DIFF]5T TO !IR ,GOV]NM5T1 BUT EA* 
CELL ( ! BODY POLITIC IS BRIMM+ ) LIFE & ACTIVITY4 ,WE >E AT LA/ ON ! WAY TO 
FULL REALIZATION ( ?AT COLLECTIVE COMMUNITY 9 :I* EA* 9DIVIDUAL SOMEH[ CONTA9S 
! VIRTUE ( ! :OLE4 ,9 A NATION AT W>1 EV]Y CITIZ5 ID5TIFIES HIMSELF ) ! 
:OLE1 & FEELS IMM5SELY /R5G!N$ 9 ?AT ID5TIFICATION4 ,! PURPOSE & DESIRE ( 
! COLLECTIVE COMMUNITY LIVE 9 EA* P]SON :O ?R[S HIMSELF :OLEHE>T$LY 9TO ! 
CAUSE ( W>4 ,! IMP$+ DI/9CTION BETWE5 SOCIETY & ! 9DIVIDUAL IS ALMO/ 
BLOTT$ \T4 ,AT W>1 ! 9DIVIDUAL BECOMES ALMO/ ID5TICAL ) HIS SOCIETY4 ,HE A*IEVES 
A SUP]B SELF-ASSURANCE1 AN 9TUITION ( ! RI<TNESS ( ALL HIS IDEAS & EMOTIONS1 SO 
?AT 9 ! SUPPRESSION ( OPPON5TS OR H]ETICS HE IS 9V9CIBLY /RONG2 HE FEELS BEH9D 
HIM ALL ! P[] ( ! COLLECTIVE COMMUNITY4 ,! 9DIVIDUAL AS SOCIAL BE+ 9 W> SEEMS 
TO HAVE A*IEV$ ALMO/ HIS APO!OSIS4 ,NOT = ANY RELIGI\S IMPULSE C\LD ! ,AM]ICAN 
NATION HAVE BE5 EXPECT$ TO %[ SU* DEVOTION 5 MASSE1 SU* SACRIFICE & 
LABOR4 ,C]TA9LY NOT = ANY SECUL> GOOD1 SU* AS UNIV]SAL $UCATION OR ! SUBJUGATION 
( NATURE1 W\LD IT HAVE P\R$ =? ITS TREASURE & ITS LIFE1 OR W\LD IT HAVE 
P]MITT$ SU* /]N CO]CIVE MEASURES TO BE TAK5 AGA9/ IT1 SU* AS CONSCRIPT+ ITS 
MONEY & ITS M54 ,BUT = ! SAKE ( A W> ( (F5SIVE SELF-DEF5SE1 UND]TAK5 TO 
SUPPORT A DIFFICULT CAUSE TO ! SLOGAN ( @&_?#a#d#g2DEMOCRACY1@&_?#a#d#h2 IT W\LD REA* ! 
HI<E/ LEVEL EV] KN[N ( COLLECTIVE EF=T4  

,= !SE SECUL> GOODS1 CONNECT$ ) ! 5HANCEM5T ( LIFE1 ! $UCATION ( MAN 
& ! USE ( ! 9TELLIG5CE TO REALIZE REASON & BEAUTY 9 ! NATION@&_?#a#d#f2S COMMUNAL 
LIV+1 >E ALI5 TO \R TRADITIONAL IDEAL ( ! ,/ATE4 ,! ,/ATE IS 9TIMATELY CONNECT$ 
) W>1 = IT IS ! ORGANIZATION ( ! COLLECTIVE COMMUNITY :5 IT ACTS 9 A 
POLITICAL MANN]1 & TO ACT 9 A POLITICAL MANN] T[>DS A RIVAL GR\P HAS MEANT1 
?R\<\T ALL HI/ORY @&_?#a#e#a2 W>4  

,!RE IS NO?+ 9VIDI\S 9 ! USE ( ! T]M @&_?#a#d#g2H]D@&_?#a#d#h2 9 CONNECTION ) 
! ,/ATE4 ,IT IS M]ELY AN ATTEMPT TO R$UCE CLOS] TO FIR/ PR9CIPLES ! NATURE ( ?IS 
9/ITUTION 9 ! %AD[ ( :I* WE ALL LIVE1 MOVE1 & HAVE \R BE+4 ,E?NOLOGI/S >E 
G5]ALLY AGRE$ ?AT HUMAN SOCIETY MADE ITS FIR/ APPE>ANCE AS ! HUMAN PACK & NOT AS 
A COLLECTION ( 9DIVIDUALS OR ( C\PLES4 ,! H]D IS 9 FACT ! ORIG9AL UNIT1 & ONLY 
AS IT WAS DIFF]5TIAT$ DID P]SONAL 9DIVIDUALITY DEVELOP4 ,ALL ! MO/ PRIMITIVE 
SURVIV+ TRIBES ( M5 >E %[N TO LIVE 9 A V]Y COMPLEX BUT V]Y RIGID SOCIAL 
ORGANIZATION :]E OPPORTUNITY = 9DIVIDUATION IS SC>CELY GIV54 ,!SE TRIBES REMA9 
/RICTLY ORGANIZ$ H]DS1 & ! DIFF]5CE BETWE5 !M & ! MOD]N ,/ATE IS ONE ( 
DEGREE ( SOPHI/ICATION & V>IETY ( ORGANIZATION1 & NOT ( K9D4  

,PSY*OLOGI/S RECOGNIZE ! GREG>I\S IMPULSE AS ONE ( ! /RONGE/ PRIMITIVE PULLS 
:I* KEEPS TOGE!R ! H]DS ( ! DIFF]5T SPECIES ( HI<] ANIMALS4 ,MANK9D IS NO 
EXCEPTION4 ,\R PUGNACI\S EVOLUTION>Y HI/ORY HAS PREV5T$ ! IMPULSE FROM EV] DY+ 
\T4 ,?IS GREG>I\S IMPULSE IS ! T5D5CY TO IMITATE1 TO CON=M1 TO COALESCE TOGE!R1 
& IS MO/ P[]FUL :5 ! H]D BELIEVES ITSELF ?REAT5$ ) ATTACK4 ,ANIMALS CR[D 
TOGE!R = PROTECTION1 & M5 BECOME MO/ CONSCI\S ( !IR COLLECTIVITY AT ! ?REAT 
( W>4 ,CONSCI\SNESS ( COLLECTIVITY BR+S CONFID5CE & A FEEL+ ( MASS$ /R5G?1 
:I* 9 TURN >\SES PUGNACITY & ! BATTLE IS ON4 ,9 CIVILIZ$ MAN1 ! GREG>I\S 
IMPULSE ACTS NOT ONLY TO PRODUCE CONC]T$ ACTION = DEF5SE1 BUT ALSO TO PRODUCE 
ID5TITY ( OP9ION4 ,S9CE ?\<T IS A =M ( BEHAVIOR1 ! GREG>I\S IMPULSE FLOODS UP 
9TO ITS REALMS & DEM&S ?AT S5SE ( UNI=M ?\<T :I* W>TIME PRODUCES SO 
SUCCESSFULLY4 ,& IT IS 9 ?IS FLOOD+ ( ! CONSCI\S LIFE ( SOCIETY ?AT 
GREG>I\SNESS WORKS ITS HAVOC4  

,= JU/ AS 9 MOD]N SOCIETIES ! SEX 9/9CT IS 5ORM\SLY OV]SUPPLI$ = ! 
REQUIREM5TS ( HUMAN PROPAGATION1 SO ! GREG>I\S IMPULSE IS 5ORM\SLY OV]SUPPLI$ 
= ! WORK ( PROTECTION :I* IT IS CALL$ UPON TO P]=M4 ,IT W\LD BE QUITE 5\< IF 
WE W]E GREG>I\S 5\< TO 5JOY ! COMPANION%IP ( O!RS1 TO BE ABLE TO COOP]ATE 
) !M1 & TO FEEL A SLI<T MALAISE AT SOLITUDE4 ,UN=TUNATELY1 H[EV]1 ?IS IMPULSE 
IS NOT CONT5T ) !SE REASONABLE & HEAL?FUL DEM&S1 BUT 9SI/S ?AT 
LIKE-M9D$NESS %ALL PREVAIL EV]Y:]E1 9 ALL DEP>TM5TS ( LIFE4 ,SO ?AT ALL HUMAN 
PROGRESS1 ALL NOVELTY1 & NONCON=MITY1 MU/ BE C>RI$ AGA9/ ! RESI/ANCE ( ?IS 
TYRANNICAL H]D 9/9CT :I* DRIVES ! 9DIVIDUAL 9TO OB$I5CE & CON=MITY ) 
! MAJORITY4 ,EV5 9 ! MO/ MOD]N & 5LI<T5$ SOCIETIES ?IS IMPULSE %[S LITTLE 
SIGN ( ABAT+4 ,AS IT IS DRIV5 BY 9EXORABLE ECONOMIC DEM& \T ( ! SPH]E ( 
UTILITY1 IT SEEMS TO FA/5 ITSELF EV] MORE FI]CELY 9 ! REALM ( FEEL+ & OP9ION1 
SO ?AT CON=MITY COMES TO BE A ?+ AGGRESSIVELY DESIR$ & DEM&$4  

,! GREG>I\S IMPULSE KEEPS ITS HOLD ALL ! MORE VIRUL5TLY BECAUSE :5 ! GR\P IS 
9 MOTION OR IS TAK+ ANY POSITIVE ACTION1 ?IS FEEL+ ( BE+ ) & SUPPORT$ BY 
! COLLECTIVE H]D V]Y GREATLY FE$S ?AT WILL TO P[]1 ! N\RI%M5T ( :I* ! 
9DIVIDUAL ORGANISM SO CON/ANTLY DEM&S4 ,Y\ FEEL P[]FUL BY CON=M+1 & Y\ FEEL 
=LORN & HELPLESS IF Y\ >E \T ( ! CR[D4 ,:ILE EV5 IF Y\ DO NOT GET ANY ACCESS 
( P[] BY ?9K+ & FEEL+ JU/ AS EV]YBODY ELSE 9 Y\R GR\P DOES1 Y\ GET AT 
LEA/ ! W>M FEEL+ ( OB$I5CE1 ! SOO?+ IRRESPONSIBILITY ( PROTECTION4  

,JO9+ AS IT DOES TO !SE V]Y VIGOR\S T5D5CIES ( ! 9DIVIDUAL @&_?#a#e#a2 ! 
PLEASURE 9 P[] & ! PLEASURE 9 OB$I5CE @&_?#a#e#a2 ?IS GREG>I\S IMPULSE BECOMES 
IRRESI/IBLE 9 SOCIETY4 ,W> /IMULATES IT TO ! HI<E/ POSSIBLE DEGREE1 S5D+ ! 
9FLU5CES ( ITS MY/]I\S H]D-CURR5T ) ITS 9FLATIONS ( P[] & OB$I5CE TO 
! F>!/ REA*ES ( ! SOCIETY1 TO EV]Y 9DIVIDUAL & LITTLE GR\P ?AT CAN 
POSSIBLY BE AFFECT$4 ,& IT IS !SE IMPULSES :I* ! ,/ATE @&_?#a#e#a2 ! ORGANIZATION ( 
! 5TIRE H]D1 ! 5TIRE COLLECTIVITY @&_?#a#e#a2 IS F\ND$ ON & MAKES USE (4  

,!RE IS1 ( C\RSE1 9 ! FEEL+ T[>D ! ,/ATE A L>GE ELEM5T ( PURE FILIAL 
MY/ICISM4 ,! S5SE ( 9SECURITY1 ! DESIRE = PROTECTION1 S5DS ONE@&_?#a#d#f2S DESIRE 
BACK TO ! FA!R & MO!R1 ) :OM IS ASSOCIAT$ ! E>LIE/ FEEL+S ( 
PROTECTION4 ,IT IS NOT = NO?+ ?AT ONE@&_?#a#d#f2S ,/ATE IS /ILL ?\<T ( AS ,FA!R OR 
,MO!RL&1 ?AT ONE@&_?#a#d#f2S RELATION T[>D IT IS CONCEIV$ 9 T]MS ( FAMILY AFFECTION4 
,! W> HAS %[N ?AT NO:]E UND] ! %OCK ( DANG] HAVE !SE PRIMITIVE *ILDLIKE 
ATTITUDES FAIL$ TO ASS]T !MSELVES AGA91 AS MU* 9 ?IS C\NTRY AS ANY:]E4 ,IF WE 
HAVE NOT ! 9T5SE ,FA!R-S5SE ( ! ,G]MAN :O WOR%IPS HIS ,VAT]L&1 AT LEA/ 9 
,UNCLE ,SAM WE HAVE A SYMBOL ( PROTECT+1 K9DLY AU?ORITY1 & 9 ! MANY ,MO!R-PO/]S 
( ! ,R$ ,CROSS1 WE SEE H[ EASILY 9 ! MORE T5D] FUNCTIONS ( W> S]VICE1 ! 
RUL+ ORGANIZATION IS CONCEIV$ 9 FAMILY T]MS4 ,A PEOPLE AT W> HAVE BECOME 9 ! MO/ 
LIT]AL S5SE OB$I5T1 RESPECTFUL1 TRU/FUL *ILDR5 AGA91 FULL ( ?AT NAIVE FAI? 9 
! ALL-WISDOM & ALL-P[] ( ! ADULT :O TAKES C>E ( !M1 IMPOSES HIS MILD BUT 
NECESS>Y RULE UPON !M & 9 :OM !Y LOSE !IR RESPONSIBILITY & ANXIETIES4 ,9 ?IS 
RECRUDESC5CE ( ! *ILD1 !RE IS GREAT COM=T1 & A C]TA9 9FLUX ( P[]4 ,ON MO/ 
PEOPLE ! /RA9 ( BE+ AN 9DEP5D5T ADULT WEI<S HEAVILY1 & UPON NONE MORE ?AN 
?OSE MEMB]S ( ! SIGNIFICANT CLASSES :O HAVE HAD BEQUEA!D TO !M OR HAVE ASSUM$ 
! RESPONSIBILITIES ( GOV]N+4 ,! ,/ATE PROVIDES ! CONV5I5TE/ ( SYMBOLS UND] 
:I* !SE CLASSES CAN RETA9 ALL ! ACTUAL PRAGMATIC SATISFACTION ( GOV]N+1 BUT CAN 
RID !MSELVES ( ! PSY*IC BURD5 ( ADUL?OOD4 ,!Y CONT9UE TO DIRECT 9DU/RY & 
GOV]NM5T & ALL ! 9/ITUTIONS ( SOCIETY PRETTY MU* AS BE=E1 BUT 9 !IR [N 
CONSCI\S EYES & 9 ! EYES ( ! G5]AL PUBLIC1 !Y >E TURN$ FROM !IR SELFI% 
& PR$ATORY WAYS1 & HAVE BECOME LOYAL S]VANTS ( SOCIETY1 OR SOME?+ GREAT] ?AN 
!Y @&_?#a#e#a2 ! ,/ATE4 ,! MAN :O MOVES FROM ! DIRECTION ( A L>GE BUS9ESS 9 ,NEW 
,YORK TO A PO/ 9 ! W> MANAGEM5T 9DU/RIAL S]VICE 9 ,WA%+TON DOES NOT APP>5TLY 
ALT] V]Y MU* HIS P[] OR HIS ADM9I/RATIVE TE*NIQUE4 ,BUT PSY*ICALLY1 :AT A 
TRANSFIGURATION HAS OCCURR$6 ,HIS IS N[ NOT ONLY ! P[] BUT ! GLORY6 ,& HIS S5SE 
( SATISFACTION IS DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL NOT TO ! G5U9E AM\NT ( P]SONAL SACRIFICE 
?AT MAY BE 9VOLV$ 9 ! *ANGE BUT TO ! EXT5T TO :I* HE RETA9S HIS 9DU/RIAL 
PR]OGATIVES & S5SE ( COMM&4  

,FROM MEMB]S ( ?IS CLASS A C]TA9 9SUP]ABLE 9DIGNATION >ISES IF ! *ANGE FROM 
PRIVATE 5T]PRISE TO ,/ATE S]VICE 9VOLVES ANY REAL LOSS ( P[] & P]SONAL 
PRIVILEGE4 ,IF !RE IS TO BE PRAGMATIC SACRIFICE1 LET IT BE1 !Y FEEL1 ON ! FIELD ( 
HONOR1 9 ! TRADITIONALLY ACCLAIM$ DEA?S BY BATTLE1 9 ?AT DET\R TO SUICIDE1 AS 
,NIETZS*E CALLS W>4 ,! ,/ATE 9 W>TIME SUPPLIES SATISFACTION = ?IS V]Y REAL 
CRAV+1 BUT ITS *IEF VALUE IS ! OPPORTUNITY IT GIVES = ?IS REGRESSION TO 9FANTILE 
ATTITUDES4 ,9 Y\R REACTION TO AN IMAG9$ ATTACK ON Y\R C\NTRY OR AN 9SULT TO ITS 
GOV]NM5T1 Y\ DRAW CLOS] TO ! H]D = PROTECTION1 Y\ CON=M 9 WORD & DE$1 & 
Y\ 9SI/ VEHEM5TLY ?AT EV]YBODY ELSE %ALL ?9K1 SPEAK1 & ACT TOGE!R4 ,& Y\ 
FIX Y\R ADOR+ GAZE UPON ! ,/ATE1 ) A TRULY FILIAL LOOK1 AS UPON ! ,FA!R ( ! 
FLOCK1 ! QUASI-P]SONAL SYMBOL ( ! /R5G? ( ! H]D1 & ! LEAD] & 
DET]M9ANT ( Y\R DEF9ITE ACTION & IDEAS4  

,! MEMB]S ( ! WORK+ CLASSES1 ?AT PORTION AT LEA/ :I* DOES NOT ID5TIFY 
ITSELF ) ! SIGNIFICANT CLASSES & SEEK TO IMITATE IT & RISE TO IT1 >E NOTORI\SLY 
LESS AFFECT$ BY ! SYMBOLISM ( ! ,/ATE1 OR1 9 O!R WORDS1 >E LESS PATRIOTIC ?AN 
! SIGNIFICANT CLASSES4 ,= !IRS IS NEI!R ! P[] NOR ! GLORY4 ,! ,/ATE 9 
W>TIME DOES NOT (F] !M ! OPPORTUNITY TO REGRESS1 =1 NEV] HAV+ ACQUIR$ SOCIAL 
ADUL?OOD1 !Y CANNOT LOSE IT4 ,IF !Y HAVE BE5 DRILL$ & REGIM5T$1 AS BY ! 
9DU/RIAL REGIME ( ! LA/ C5TURY1 !Y GO \T DOCILELY 5\< TO DO BATTLE = !IR 
,/ATE1 BUT !Y >E ALMO/ 5TIRELY )\T ?AT FILIAL S5SE & EV5 )\T ?AT 
H]D-9TELLECT S5SE :I* OP]ATES SO P[]FULLY AMONG !IR @&_?#a#d#g2BETT]S4@&_?#a#d#h2 ,!Y 
LIVE HABITUALLY 9 AN 9DU/RIAL S]FDOM1 BY :I*1 ?\< NOM9ALLY FREE1 !Y >E 9 
PRACTICE AS A CLASS B\ND TO A SY/EM ( MA*9E-PRODUCTION ! IMPLEM5TS ( :I* !Y 
DO NOT [N1 & 9 ! DI/RIBUTION ( :OSE PRODUCT !Y HAVE NOT ! SLI<TE/ VOICE1 
EXCEPT :AT !Y CAN OCCASIONALLY EX]T BY A VEIL$ 9TIMIDATION :I* DRAWS SLI<TLY MORE 
( ! PRODUCT 9 !IR DIRECTION4 ,FROM SU* S]FDOM1 MILIT>Y CONSCRIPTION IS NOT SO 
GREAT A *ANGE4 ,BUT 9TO ! MILIT>Y 5T]PRISE !Y GO1 NOT ) ?OSE HURRAHS ( ! 
SIGNIFICANT CLASSES :OSE 9/9CTS W> SO P[]FULLY FE$S1 BUT ) ! SAME APA?Y ) 
:I* !Y 5T] & CONT9UE 9 ! 9DU/RIAL 5T]PRISE4  

,FROM ?IS PO9T ( VIEW1 W> CAN BE CALL$ ALMO/ AN UPP]-CLASS SPORT4 ,! NOVEL 
9T]E/S & EXCITEM5TS IT PROVIDES1 ! 9FLATIONS ( P[]1 ! SATISFACTION IT GIVES 
TO ?OSE V]Y T5ACI\S HUMAN IMPULSES @&_?#a#e#a2 GREG>I\SNESS & P>5T-REGRESSION @&_?#a#e#a2 
5D[ IT ) ALL ! QUALITIES ( A LUXURI\S COLLECTIVE GAME :I* IS FELT 9T5SELY 
JU/ 9 PROPORTION TO ! S5SE ( SIGNIFICANT RULE ! P]SON HAS 9 ! CLASS DIVISION 
( HIS SOCIETY4 ,A C\NTRY AT W> @&_?#a#e#a2 P>TICUL>LY \R [N C\NTRY AT W> @&_?#a#e#a2 DOES 
NOT ACT AS A PURELY HOMOG5E\S H]D4 ,! SIGNIFICANT CLASSES HAVE ALL ! H]D-FEEL+ 9 
ALL ITS PRIMITIVE 9T5SITY1 BUT !RE >E B>RI]S1 OR AT LEA/ DIFF]5TIALS ( 
9T5SITY1 SO ?AT ?IS FEEL+ DOES NOT FL[ FREELY )\T IMP$IM5T ?R\<\T ! 
5TIRE NATION4 ,A MOD]N C\NTRY REPRES5TS A LONG HI/ORICAL & SOCIAL PROCESS ( 
DISAGGREGATION ( ! H]D4 ,! NATION AT PEACE IS NOT A GR\P1 IT IS A NETWORK ( MYRIADS 
( GR\PS REPRES5T+ ! COOP]ATION & SIMIL> FEEL+ ( M5 ON ALL SORTS ( PLANES 
& 9 ALL SORTS ( HUMAN 9T]E/S & 5T]PRISES4 ,9 EV]Y MOD]N 9DU/RIAL C\NTRY1 
!RE >E P>ALLEL PLANES ( ECONOMIC CLASSES ) DIV]G5T ATTITUDES & 9/ITUTIONS 
& 9T]E/S @&_?#a#e#a2 B\RGEOIS & PROLET>IAT1 ) !IR MANY SUBDIVISIONS ACCORD+ TO 
P[] & FUNCTION1 & EV5 !IR 9T]WEAV+1 SU* AS ?OSE MORE HI<LY SKILL$ WORK]S 
:O HABITUALLY ID5TIFY !MSELVES ) ! [N+ & ! SIGNIFICANT CLASSES & /RIVE 
TO RAISE !MSELVES TO ! B\RGEOIS LEVEL1 IMITAT+ !IR CULTURAL /&>DS & 
MANN]S4 ,!N !RE >E RELIGI\S GR\PS ) A C]TA9 DEF9ITE1 ?\< WEAK5+ S5SE 
( K9%IP1 & !RE >E ! P[]FUL E?NIC GR\PS :I* BEHAVE ALMO/ AS CULTURAL 
COLONIES 9 ! ,NEW ,WORLD1 CL++ T5ACI\SLY TO LANGUAGE & HI/ORICAL TRADITION1 
?\< !IR H]DI%NESS IS USUALLY F\ND$ ON CULTURAL RA!R ?AN ,/ATE SYMBOLS4 ,!RE 
>E EV5 C]TA9 VAGUE SECTIONAL GR\P+S4 ,ALL !SE SMALL SECTS1 POLITICAL P>TIES1 
CLASSES1 LEVELS1 9T]E/S1 MAY ACT AS FOCI = H]D-FEEL+S4 ,!Y 9T]SECT & 
9T]WEAVE1 & ! SAME P]SON MAY BE A MEMB] ( SEV]AL DIFF]5T GR\PS LY+ AT 
DIFF]5T PLANES4 ,DIFF]5T OCCASIONS WILL SET (F HIS H]D-FEEL+ 9 ONE DIRECTION OR 
ANO!R4 ,9 A RELIGI\S CRISIS HE WILL BE 9T5SELY CONSCI\S ( ! NECESSITY ?AT HIS 
SECT 7OR SUB-H]D7 MAY PREVAIL1 9 A POLITICAL CAMPAIGN1 ?AT HIS P>TY %ALL TRIUMPH4  

,TO ! SPREAD ( H]D-FEEL+1 !RE=E1 ALL !SE SMALL] H]DS (F] RESI/ANCE4 ,TO 
! SPREAD ( ?AT H]D-FEEL+ :I* >ISES FROM ! ?REAT ( W>1 & :I* W\LD 
NORMALLY 9VOLVE ! 5TIRE NATION1 ! ONLY GR\PS :I* MAKE S]I\S RESI/ANCE >E 
?OSE1 ( C\RSE1 :I* CONT9UE TO ID5TIFY !MSELVES ) ! O!R NATION FROM :I* 
!Y OR !IR P>5TS HAVE COME4 ,9 TIMES ( PEACE !Y >E = ALL PRACTICAL PURPOSES 
CITIZ5S ( !IR NEW C\NTRY4 ,!Y KEEP ALIVE !IR E?NIC TRADITIONS MORE AS A LUXURY 
?AN ANY?+4 ,9DE$ !SE TRADITIONS T5D RAPIDLY TO DIE \T EXCEPT :]E !Y CONNECT 
) SOME /ILL UNRESOLV$ NATIONALI/IC CAUSE ABROAD1 ) SOME /RUGGLE = FRE$OM1 OR 
SOME IRR$5TISM4 ,IF !Y >E CONSCI\SLY OPPOS$ BY A TOO 9VIDI\S POLICY ( 
,AM]ICANISM1 !Y T5D TO BE /R5G!N$4 ,& 9 TIME ( W>1 !SE E?NIC ELEM5TS :I* 
HAVE ANY TRADITIONAL CONNECTION ) ! 5EMY1 EV5 ?\< MO/ ( ! 9DIVIDUALS MAY 
HAVE LITTLE REAL SYMPA?Y ) ! 5EMY@&_?#a#d#f2S CAUSE1 >E NATURALLY LUKEW>M TO ! 
H]D-FEEL+ ( ! NATION :I* GOES BACK TO ,/ATE TRADITIONS 9 :I* !Y HAVE NO 
%>E4 ,BUT TO ! NATIVES IMBU$ ) ,/ATE-FEEL+1 ANY SU* RESI/ANCE OR APA?Y IS 
9TOL]ABLE4 ,?IS H]D-FEEL+1 ?IS NEWLY AWAK5$ CONSCI\SNESS ( ! ,/ATE1 DEM&S 
UNIV]SALITY4 ,! LEAD]S ( ! SIGNIFICANT CLASSES1 :O FEEL MO/ 9T5SELY ?IS ,/ATE 
COMPULSION1 DEM& A #a P]C5T ,AM]ICANISM1 AMONG #a P]C5T ( ! POPULATION4 ,! 
,/ATE IS A JEAL\S ,GOD & WILL BROOK NO RIVALS4 ,ITS SOV]EIGNTY MU/ P]VADE EV]Y ONE1 
& ALL FEEL+ MU/ BE RUN 9TO ! /]EOTYP$ =MS ( ROMANTIC PATRIOTIC MILIT>ISM 
:I* IS ! TRADITIONAL EXPRESSION ( ! ,/ATE H]D-FEEL+4  

,?US >ISES CONFLICT )9 ! ,/ATE4 ,W> BECOMES ALMO/ A SPORT BETWE5 ! HUNT]S 
& ! HUNT$4 ,! PURSUIT ( 5EMIES )9 \TWEI<S 9 PSY*IC ATTRACTIV5ESS ! 
ASSAULT ON ! 5EMY )\T4 ,! :OLE T]RIFIC =CE ( ! ,/ATE IS BR\<T TO BE> 
AGA9/ ! H]ETICS4 ,! NATION BOILS ) A SL[ 9SI/5T FEV]4 ,A :ITE T]RORISM IS 
C>RI$ ON BY ! ,GOV]NM5T AGA9/ PACIFI/S1 SOCIALI/S1 5EMY ALI5S1 & A MILD] 
UN(FICIAL P]SECUTION AGA9/ ALL P]SONS OR MOVEM5TS ?AT CAN BE IMAG9$ AS CONNECT$ 
) ! 5EMY4 ,W>1 :I* %\LD BE ! HEAL? ( ! ,/ATE1 UNIFIES ALL ! B\RGEOIS 
ELEM5TS & ! COMMON PEOPLE1 & \TLAWS ! RE/4 ,! REVOLUTION>Y PROLET>IAT %[S 
MORE RESI/ANCE TO ?IS UNIFICATION1 IS1 AS WE HAVE SE51 PSY*ICALLY \T ( ! CURR5T4 
,ITS VANGU>D1 AS ! ,I4,W4,W41 IS REMORSELESSLY PURSU$1 9 SPITE ( ! PRO( ?AT IT IS A 
SYMPTOM1 NOT A CAUSE1 & ITS P]SECUTION 9CREASES ! DISAFFECTION ( LABOR & 
9T5SIFIES ! FRICTION 9/EAD ( LESS5+ IT4  

,BUT ! EMOTIONS ?AT PLAY >\ND ! DEF5SE ( ! ,/ATE DO NOT TAKE 9TO 
CONSID]ATION ! PRAGMATIC RESULTS4 ,A NATION AT W>1 L$ BY ITS SIGNIFICANT CLASSES1 IS 
5GAG$ 9 LIB]AT+ C]TA9 ( ITS IMPULSES :I* HAVE HAD ALL TOO LITTLE EX]CISE 9 
! PA/4 ,IT IS GETT+ C]TA9 SATISFACTIONS1 & ! ACTUAL CONDUCT ( ! W> OR ! 
CONDITION ( ! C\NTRY >E REALLY 9CID5TAL TO ! 5JOYM5T ( NEW =MS ( VIRTUE & 
P[] & AGGRESSIV5ESS4 ,IF IT C\LD BE %[N CONCLUSIVELY ?AT ! P]SECUTION ( 
SLI<TLY DISAFFECT$ ELEM5TS ACTUALLY 9CREAS$ 5ORM\SLY ! DIFFICULTIES ( PRODUCTION 
& ! ORGANIZATION ( ! W> TE*NIQUE1 IT W\LD BE F\ND ?AT PUBLIC POLICY W\LD 
SC>CELY *ANGE4 ,! SIGNIFICANT CLASSES MU/ HAVE !IR PLEASURE 9 HUNT+ D[N & 
*A/IS+ EV]Y?+ ?AT !Y FEEL 9/9CTIVELY TO BE NOT IMBU$ ) ! CURR5T ,/ATE 
5?USIASM1 ?\< ! ,/ATE ITSELF BE ACTUALLY IMP$$ 9 ITS EF=TS TO C>RY \T ?OSE 
OBJECTS = :I* !Y >E PASSIONATELY CONT5D+4 ,! BE/ PRO( ( ?IS IS ?AT ) A 
PURSUIT ( PLOTT]S ?AT HAS CONT9U$ ) CEASELESS VIGILANCE EV] S9CE ! BEG9N+ 
( ! W> 9 ,EUROPE1 ! CONCRETE CRIMES UNE>!D & PUNI%$ HAVE BE5 FEW] ?AN 
?OSE PROSECUTIONS = ! M]E CRIME ( OP9ION OR ! EXPRESSION ( S5TIM5TS CRITICAL 
( ! ,/ATE OR ! NATIONAL POLICY4 ,! PUNI%M5T = OP9ION HAS BE5 F> MORE 
F]OCI\S & UN9T]MITT5T ?AN ! PUNI%M5T ( PRAGMATIC CRIME4 ,UNIMPEA*ABLE 
,ANGLO-,SAXON ,AM]ICANS :O W]E FRE] ( PACIFI/ OR SOCIALI/ UTT]ANCE ?AN ! 
,/ATE-OBSESS$ RUL+ PUBLIC OP9ION1 RECEIV$ HEAVI] P5ALTIES & EV5 GREAT] 
OPPROBRIUM1 9 MANY 9/ANCES1 ?AN ! DEF9ITELY HO/ILE ,G]MAN PLOTT]4 ,A PUBLIC 
OP9ION :I*1 ALMO/ )\T PROTE/1 ACCEPTS AS JU/1 ADEQUATE1 BEAUTIFUL1 DES]V$1 & 
9 FITT+ H>MONY ) IDEALS ( LIB]TY & FRE$OM ( SPEE*1 A S5T5CE ( TW5TY 
YE>S 9 PRISON = M]E UTT]ANCES1 NO MATT] :AT !Y MAY BE1 %[S ITSELF TO BE 
SUFF]+ FROM A K9D ( SOCIAL D]ANGEM5T ( VALUES1 A SORT ( SOCIAL NEUROSIS1 ?AT 
DES]VES ANALYSIS & COMPREH5SION4  

,ON \R 5TRANCE 9TO ! W>1 !RE W]E MANY P]SONS :O PR$ICT$ EXACTLY ?IS 
D]ANGEM5T ( VALUES1 :O FE>$ LE/ DEMOCRACY SUFF] MORE AT HOME FROM AN ,AM]ICA AT 
W> ?AN C\LD BE GA9$ = DEMOCRACY ABROAD4 ,?AT FE> HAS BE5 AMPLY JU/IFI$4 ,! 
QUE/ION :E!R ! ,AM]ICAN NATION W\LD ACT LIKE AN 5LI<T5$ DEMOCRACY GO+ TO W> 
= ! SAKE ( HI< IDEALS1 OR LIKE A ,/ATE-OBSESS$ H]D1 HAS BE5 DECISIVELY ANSW]$4 
,! RECORD IS WRITT5 & CANNOT BE ]AS$4 ,HI/ORY WILL DECIDE :E!R ! T]RORIZATION 
( OP9ION & ! REGIM5TATION ( LIFE W]E JU/IFI$ UND] ! MO/ IDEALI/IC ( 
DEMOCRATIC ADM9I/RATIONS4 ,IT WILL SEE ?AT :5 ! ,AM]ICAN NATION HAD O/5SIBLY A 
*ANCE TO CONDUCT A GALLANT W>1 ) SCRUPUL\S REG>D TO ! SAFETY ( DEMOCRATIC VALUES 
AT HOME1 IT *OSE RA!R TO ADOPT ALL ! MO/ OBNOXI\S & CO]CIVE TE*NIQUES ( ! 
5EMY & ( ! O!R C\NTRIES AT W>1 & TO RIVAL 9 9TIMIDATION & F]OCITY ( 
PUNI%M5T ! WOR/ GOV]NM5TAL SY/EMS ( ! AGE4 ,= ITS =M] UNCONSCI\SNESS & 
DISRESPECT ( ! ,/ATE IDEAL1 ! NATION APP>5TLY PAID ! P5ALTY 9 A VIOL5T SW+ 
TO ! O!R EXTREME4 ,IT ACT$ SO EXACTLY LIKE A H]D 9 ITS IRRATIONAL CO]CION ( 
M9ORITIES ?AT !RE IS NO >TIFICIALITY 9 9T]PRET+ ! PROGRESS ( ! W> 9 T]MS 
( ! H]D PSY*OLOGY4 ,IT UNWITT+LY BR\<T \T 9TO ! /RONGE/ RELIEF ! TRUE 
*>ACT]I/ICS ( ! ,/ATE & ITS 9TIMATE ALLIANCE ) W>4 ,IT PROVID$ = ! 
5EMIES ( W> & ! CRITICS ( ! ,/ATE ! MO/ TELL+ >GUM5TS POSSIBLE4 ,! NEW 
PASSION = ! ,/ATE IDEAL UNWITT+LY SET 9 MOTION & 5C\RAG$ =CES ?AT ?REAT5 
V]Y MAT]IALLY TO RE=M ! ,/ATE4 ,IT HAS %[N ?OSE :O >E REALLY DET]M9$ TO 5D 
W> ?AT ! PROBLEM IS NOT ! M]E SIMPLE ONE ( F9I%+ A W> ?AT WILL 5D W>4  

,= W> IS A COMPLICAT$ WAY 9 :I* A NATION ACTS1 & IT ACTS SO \T ( A SPIRITUAL 
COMPULSION :I* PU%ES IT ON1 P]HAPS AGA9/ ALL ITS 9T]E/S1 ALL ITS REAL DESIRES1 
& ALL ITS REAL S5SE ( VALUES4 ,IT IS ,/ATES ?AT MAKE W>S & NOT NATIONS1 & ! 
V]Y ?\<T & ALMO/ NECESSITY ( W> IS B\ND UP ) ! IDEAL ( ! ,/ATE4 ,NOT = 
C5TURIES HAVE NATIONS MADE W>2 9 FACT ! ONLY HI/ORICAL EXAMPLE ( NATIONS MAK+ W> 
IS ! GREAT B>B>IAN 9VASIONS 9TO S\!RN ,EUROPE1 ! 9VASIONS ( ,RUSSIA FROM ! 
,EA/1 & P]HAPS ! SWEEP ( ,ISLAM ?R\< NOR!RN ,AFRICA 9TO ,EUROPE AFT] 
,MOHAMM$@&_?#a#d#f2S DEA?4 ,& ! MOTIVATIONS = SU* W>S W]E EI!R ! RE/LESS 
EXPANSION ( MIGRATORY TRIBES OR ! FLAME ( RELIGI\S FANATICISM4 ,P]HAPS !SE GREAT 
MOVEM5TS C\LD SC>CELY BE CALL$ W>S AT ALL1 = W> IMPLIES AN ORGANIZ$ PEOPLE 
DRILL$ & L$3 9 FACT1 IT NECESSITATES ! ,/ATE4 ,EV] S9CE ,EUROPE HAS HAD ANY SU* 
ORGANIZATION1 SU* HUGE CONFLICTS BETWE5 NATIONS @&_?#a#e#a2 NATIONS1 ?AT IS1 AS CULTURAL 
GR\PS @&_?#a#e#a2 HAVE BE5 UN?9KABLE4 ,IT IS PREPO/]\S TO ASSUME ?AT = C5TURIES 9 
,EUROPE !RE W\LD HAVE BE5 ANY POSSIBILITY ( A PEOPLE 5 MASSE 7) !IR [N 
LEAD]S1 & NOT ) ! LEAD]S ( !IR DULY CON/ITUT$ ,/ATE7 RIS+ UP & 
OV]FL[+ !IR BORD]S 9 A W> RAID UPON A NEI<BOR+ PEOPLE4 ,! W>S ( ! 
,REVOLUTION>Y >MIES ( ,FRANCE W]E CLE>LY 9 DEF5SE ( AN IMP]IL$ FRE$OM1 &1 
MOREOV]1 !Y W]E CLE>LY DIRECT$ NOT AGA9/ O!R PEOPLES1 BUT AGA9/ ! AUTOCRATIC 
GOV]NM5TS ?AT W]E COMB9+ TO CRU% ! ,REVOLUTION4 ,!RE IS NO 9/ANCE 9 HI/ORY 
( A G5U9ELY NATIONAL W>4 ,!RE >E 9/ANCES ( NATIONAL DEF5SES1 AMONG PRIMITIVE 
CIVILIZATIONS SU* AS ! ,BALKAN PEOPLES1 AGA9/ 9TOL]ABLE 9VASION BY NEI<BOR+ 
DESPOTS OR OPPRESSION4 ,BUT W>1 AS SU*1 CANNOT OCCUR EXCEPT 9 A SY/EM ( COMPET+ 
,/ATES1 :I* HAVE RELATIONS ) EA* O!R ?R\< ! *ANNELS ( DIPLOMACY4  

,W> IS A FUNCTION ( ?IS SY/EM ( ,/ATES1 & C\LD NOT OCCUR EXCEPT 9 SU* A 
SY/EM4 ,NATIONS ORGANIZ$ = 9T]NAL ADM9I/RATION1 NATIONS ORGANIZ$ AS A F$]ATION 
( FREE COMMUNITIES1 NATIONS ORGANIZ$ 9 ANY WAY EXCEPT ?AT ( A POLITICAL 
C5TRALIZATION ( A DYNA/Y1 OR ! RE=M$ DESC5DANT ( A DYNA/Y1 C\LD NOT POSSIBLY 
MAKE W> UPON EA* O!R4 ,!Y W\LD NOT ONLY HAVE NO MOTIVE = CONFLICT1 BUT !Y W\LD 
BE UNABLE TO MU/] ! CONC5TRAT$ =CE TO MAKE W> EFFECTIVE4 ,!RE MI<T BE ALL SORTS 
( AMATEUR M>AUD+1 !RE MI<T BE GU]RILLA EXP$ITIONS ( GR\P AGA9/ GR\P1 BUT 
!RE C\LD NOT BE ?AT T]RIBLE W> 5 MASSE ( ! NATIONAL ,/ATE1 ?AT 
EXPLOITATION ( ! NATION 9 ! 9T]E/S ( ! ,/ATE1 ?AT ABUSE ( ! NATIONAL LIFE 
& RES\RCE 9 ! FR5ZI$ MUTUAL SUICIDE1 :I* IS MOD]N W>4  

,IT CANNOT BE TOO FIRMLY REALIZ$ ?AT W> IS A FUNCTION ( ,/ATES & NOT ( NATIONS1 
9DE$ ?AT IT IS ! *IEF FUNCTION ( ,/ATES4 ,W> IS A V]Y >TIFICIAL ?+4 ,IT IS NOT 
! NAIVE SPONTANE\S \TBUR/ ( H]D PUGNACITY2 IT IS NO MORE PRIM>Y ?AN IS =MAL 
RELIGION4 ,W> CANNOT EXI/ )\T A MILIT>Y E/ABLI%M5T1 & A MILIT>Y E/ABLI%M5T 
CANNOT EXI/ )\T A ,/ATE ORGANIZATION4 ,W> HAS AN IMMEMORIAL TRADITION & H]$ITY 
ONLY BECAUSE ! ,/ATE HAS A LONG TRADITION & H]$ITY4 ,BUT !Y >E 9SEP>ABLY & 
FUNCTIONALLY JO9$4 ,WE CANNOT CRUSADE AGA9/ W> )\T CRUSAD+ IMPLICITLY AGA9/ 
! ,/ATE4 ,& WE CANNOT EXPECT1 OR TAKE MEASURES TO 5SURE1 ?AT ?IS W> IS A W> TO 5D 
W>1 UNLESS AT ! SAME TIME WE TAKE MEASURES TO 5D ! ,/ATE 9 ITS TRADITIONAL =M4 
,! ,/ATE IS NOT ! NATION1 & ! ,/ATE CAN BE MODIFI$ & EV5 ABOLI%$ 9 ITS 
PRES5T =M1 )\T H>M+ ! NATION4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 ) ! PASS+ ( ! 
DOM9ANCE ( ! ,/ATE1 ! G5U9E LIFE-5HANC+ =CES ( ! NATION WILL BE LIB]AT$4 
,IF ! ,/ATE@&_?#a#d#f2S *IEF FUNCTION IS W>1 !N ! ,/ATE MU/ SUCK \T ( ! NATION A 
L>GE P>T ( ITS 5]GY = ITS PURELY /]ILE PURPOSES ( DEF5SE & AGGRESSION4 ,IT 
DEVOTES TO WA/E OR TO ACTUAL DE/RUCTION AS MU* AS IT CAN ( ! VITALITY ( ! NATION4 
,NO ONE WILL D5Y ?AT W> IS A VA/ COMPLEX ( LIFE-DE/ROY+ & LIFE-CRIPPL+ =CES4 
,IF ! ,/ATE@&_?#a#d#f2S *IEF FUNCTION IS W>1 !N IT IS *IEFLY CONC]N$ ) COORD9AT+ 
& DEVELOP+ ! P[]S & TE*NIQUES :I* MAKE = DE/RUCTION4 ,& ?IS MEANS NOT 
ONLY ! ACTUAL & POT5TIAL DE/RUCTION ( ! 5EMY1 BUT ( ! NATION AT HOME AS WELL4 
,= ! V]Y EXI/5CE ( A ,/ATE 9 A SY/EM ( ,/ATES MEANS ?AT ! NATION LIES ALWAYS 
UND] A RISK ( W> & 9VASION1 & ! CALL+ AWAY ( 5]GY 9TO MILIT>Y PURSUITS 
MEANS A CRIPPL+ ( ! PRODUCTIVE & LIFE-5HANC+ PROCESSES ( ! NATIONAL LIFE4  

,ALL ?IS ORGANIZATION ( DEA?-DEAL+ 5]GY & TE*NIQUE IS NOT A NATURAL BUT A V]Y 
SOPHI/ICAT$ PROCESS4 ,P>TICUL>LY 9 MOD]N NATIONS1 BUT ALSO ALL ?R\< ! C\RSE ( 
MOD]N ,EUROPEAN HI/ORY1 IT C\LD NEV] EXI/ )\T ! ,/ATE4 ,= IT MEETS ! DEM&S 
( NO O!R 9/ITUTION1 IT FOLL[S ! DESIRES ( NO RELIGI\S1 9DU/RIAL1 POLITICAL 
GR\P4 ,IF ! DEM& = MILIT>Y ORGANIZATION & A MILIT>Y E/ABLI%M5T SEEMS TO COME 
NOT FROM ! (FIC]S ( ! ,/ATE BUT FROM ! PUBLIC1 IT IS ONLY ?AT IT COMES FROM ! 
,/ATE-OBSESS$ PORTION ( ! PUBLIC1 ?OSE GR\PS :I* FEEL MO/ KE5LY ! ,/ATE IDEAL4 
,& 9 ?IS C\NTRY WE HAVE HAD EVID5CE ALL TOO 9DUBITABLE H[ P[]LESS ! PACIFICALLY 
M9D$ (FIC]S ( ,/ATE MAY BE 9 ! FACE ( A ,/ATE OBSESSION ( ! SIGNIFICANT 
CLASSES4 ,IF A P[]FUL SECTION ( ! SIGNIFICANT CLASSES FEELS MORE 9T5SELY ! 
ATTITUDES ( ! ,/ATE1 !N !Y WILL MO/ 9FALLIBLY MOLD ! ,GOV]NM5T 9 TIME TO 
!IR WI%ES1 BR+ IT BACK TO ACT AS ! EMBODIM5T ( ! ,/ATE :I* IT PRET5DS TO BE4 
,9 EV]Y C\NTRY WE HAVE SE5 GR\PS ?AT W]E MORE LOYAL ?AN ! K+ @&_?#a#e#a2 MORE 
PATRIOTIC ?AN ! ,GOV]NM5T @&_?#a#e#a2 ! ,UL/]ITES 9 ,GREAT ,BRITA91 ! ,JUNK]S 9 
,PRUSSIA1 L@&_?#a#d#f2,ACTION ,FRANCAISE 9 ,FRANCE1 \R PATRIOTE]S 9 ,AM]ICA4 ,!SE GR\PS 
EXI/ TO KEEP ! /E]+ :EEL ( ! ,/ATE /RAI<T1 & !Y PREV5T ! NATION FROM 
EV] VE]+ V]Y F> FROM ! ,/ATE IDEAL4  

,MILIT>ISM EXPRESSES ! DESIRES & SATISFIES ! MAJOR IMPULSE ONLY ( ?IS CLASS4 
,! O!R CLASSES1 LEFT TO !MSELVES1 HAVE TOO MANY NECESSITIES & 9T]E/S & 
AMBITIONS1 TO CONC]N !MSELVES ) SO EXP5SIVE & DE/RUCTIVE A GAME4 ,BUT ! 
,/ATE-OBSESS$ GR\P IS EI!R ABLE TO GET CONTROL ( ! MA*9]Y ( ! ,/ATE OR TO 
9TIMIDATE ?OSE 9 CONTROL1 SO ?AT IT IS ABLE ?R\< USE ( ! COLLECTIVE =CE TO 
REGIM5T ! O!R GRUDG+ & RELUCTANT CLASSES 9TO A MILIT>Y PROGRAM4 ,/ATE IDEALISM 
P]COLATES D[N ?R\< ! /RATA ( SOCIETY2 CAPTUR+ GR\PS & 9DIVIDUALS JU/ 9 
PROPORTION TO ! PRE/IGE ( ?IS DOM9ANT CLASS4 ,SO ?AT WE HAVE ! H]D ACTUALLY 
/RUNG ALONG BETWE5 TWO EXTREMES1 ! MILIT>I/IC PATRIOTS AT ONE 5D1 :O >E SC>CELY 
DI/+UI%ABLE 9 ATTITUDE & ANIMUS FROM ! MO/ REACTION>Y ,B\RBONS ( AN ,EMPIRE1 
& UNSKILL$ LABOR GR\PS1 :I* 5TIRELY LACK ! ,/ATE S5SE4 ,BUT ! ,/ATE ACTS AS A 
:OLE1 & ! CLASS ?AT CONTROLS GOV]NM5TAL MA*9]Y CAN SW+ ! EFFECTIVE ACTION 
( ! H]D AS A :OLE4 ,! H]D IS NOT ACTUALLY A :OLE1 EMOTIONALLY4 ,BUT BY AN +5I\S 
MIXTURE ( CAJOL]Y1 AGITATION1 9TIMIDATION1 ! H]D IS LICK$ 9TO %APE1 9TO AN 
EFFECTIVE ME*ANICAL UNITY1 IF NOT 9TO A SPIRITUAL :OLE4 ,M5 >E TOLD SIMULTANE\SLY 
?AT !Y WILL 5T] ! MILIT>Y E/ABLI%M5T ( !IR [N VOLITION1 AS !IR SPL5DID 
SACRIFICE = !IR C\NTRY@&_?#a#d#f2S WELF>E1 & ?AT IF !Y DO NOT 5T] !Y WILL BE 
HUNT$ D[N & PUNI%$ ) ! MO/ HORRID P5ALTIES2 & UND] A MO/ 9DESCRIBABLE 
CONFUSION ( DEMOCRATIC PRIDE & P]SONAL FE> !Y SUBMIT TO ! DE/RUCTION ( !IR 
LIVELIHOOD IF NOT !IR LIVES1 9 A WAY ?AT W\LD =M]LY HAVE SEEM$ TO !M SO 
OBNOXI\S AS TO BE 9CR$IBLE4  

,9 ?IS GREAT H]D MA*9]Y1 DISS5T IS LIKE S& 9 ! BE>+S4 ,! ,/ATE IDEAL IS 
PRIM>ILY A SORT ( BL9D ANIMAL PU% T[>D MILIT>Y UNITY4 ,ANY DIFF]5CE ) ?AT 
UNITY TURNS ! :OLE VA/ IMPULSE T[>D CRU%+ IT4 ,DISS5T IS SPE$ILY \TLAW$1 & 
! ,GOV]NM5T1 BACK$ BY ! SIGNIFICANT CLASSES & ?OSE :O 9 EV]Y LOCALITY1 H[EV] 
SMALL1 ID5TIFY !MSELVES ) !M1 PROCE$S AGA9/ ! \TLAWS1 REG>DLESS ( !IR 
VALUE TO ! O!R 9/ITUTIONS ( ! NATION1 OR TO ! EFFECT !IR P]SECUTION MAY HAVE 
ON PUBLIC OP9ION4 ,! H]D BECOMES DIVID$ 9TO ! HUNT]S & ! HUNT$1 & W> 
5T]PRISE BECOMES NOT ONLY A TE*NICAL GAME BUT A SPORT AS WELL4  

,IT MU/ NEV] BE =GOTT5 ?AT NATIONS DO NOT DECL>E W> ON EA* O!R1 NOR 9 ! 
/RICTE/ S5SE IS IT NATIONS ?AT FI<T EA* O!R4 ,MU* HAS BE5 SAID TO ! EFFECT ?AT 
MOD]N W>S >E W>S ( :OLE PEOPLES & NOT ( DYNA/IES4 ,BECAUSE ! 5TIRE NATION IS 
REGIM5T$ & ! :OLE RES\RCES ( ! C\NTRY >E LEVI$ ON = W>1 ?IS DOES NOT 
MEAN ?AT IT IS ! C\NTRY QUA C\NTRY :I* IS FI<T+4 ,IT IS ! C\NTRY 
ORGANIZ$ AS A ,/ATE ?AT IS FI<T+1 & ONLY AS A ,/ATE W\LD IT POSSIBLY FI<T4 ,SO 
LIT]ALLY IT IS ,/ATES :I* MAKE W> ON EA* O!R & NOT PEOPLES4 ,GOV]NM5TS >E ! 
AG5TS ( ,/ATES1 & IT IS ,GOV]NM5TS :I* DECL>E W> ON EA* O!R1 ACT+ TRUE/ TO 
=M 9 ! 9T]E/S ( ! GREAT ,/ATE IDEAL !Y REPRES5T4 ,!RE IS NO CASE KN[N 9 
MOD]N TIMES ( ! PEOPLE BE+ CONSULT$ 9 ! 9ITIATION ( A W>4 ,! PRES5T DEM& 
= @&_?#a#d#g2DEMOCRATIC CONTROL@&_?#a#d#h2 ( =EIGN POLICY 9DICATES H[ COMPLETELY1 EV5 9 ! 
MO/ DEMOCRATIC ( MOD]N NATIONS1 =EIGN POLICY HAS BE5 ! SECRET PRIVATE POSSESSION 
( ! EXECUTIVE BRAN* ( ! ,GOV]NM5T4  

,H[EV] REPRES5TATIVE ( ! PEOPLE ,P>LIAM5TS & ,CONGRESSES MAY BE 9 ALL ?AT 
CONC]NS ! 9T]NAL ADM9I/RATION ( A C\NTRY@&_?#a#d#f2S POLITICAL AFFAIRS1 9 
9T]NATIONAL RELATIONS IT HAS NEV] BE5 POSSIBLE TO MA9TA9 ?AT ! POPUL> BODY ACT$ 
EXCEPT AS A :OLLY ME*ANICAL RATIFI] ( ! ,EXECUTIVE@&_?#a#d#f2S WILL4 ,! =MALITY BY 
:I* ,P>LIAM5TS & ,CONGRESSES DECL>E W> IS ! M]E/ TE*NICALITY4 ,BE=E SU* A 
DECL>ATION CAN TAKE PLACE1 ! C\NTRY WILL HAVE BE5 BR\<T TO ! V]Y BR9K ( W> BY 
! =EIGN POLICY ( ! ,EXECUTIVE4 ,A LONG S]IES ( /EPS ON ! D[NW>D PA?1 EA* ONE 
MORE FATALLY COMMITT+ ! UNSUSPECT+ C\NTRY TO A W>LIKE C\RSE ( ACTION1 WILL HAVE 
BE5 TAK5 )\T EI!R ! PEOPLE OR ITS REPRES5TATIVES BE+ CONSULT$ OR EXPRESS+ 
ITS FEEL+4 ,:5 ! DECL>ATION ( W> IS F9ALLY DEM&$ BY ! ,EXECUTIVE1 ! 
,P>LIAM5T OR ,CONGRESS C\LD NOT REFUSE IT )\T REV]S+ ! C\RSE ( HI/ORY1 
)\T REPUDIAT+ :AT HAS BE5 REPRES5T+ ITSELF 9 ! EYES ( ! O!R ,/ATES AS 
! SYMBOL & 9T]PRET] ( ! NATION@&_?#a#d#f2S WILL & ANIMUS4 ,TO REPUDIATE AN ,EXECUTIVE 
AT ?AT TIME W\LD BE TO PUBLI% TO ! 5TIRE WORLD ! EVID5CE ?AT ! C\NTRY HAD 
BE5 GROSSLY DECEIV$ BY ITS [N ,GOV]NM5T1 ?AT ! C\NTRY ) AN ALMO/ CRIM9AL 
C>ELESSNESS HAD ALL[$ ITS ,GOV]NM5T TO COMMIT IT TO GIGANTIC NATIONAL 5T]PRISES 9 
:I* IT HAD NO HE>T4 ,9 SU* A CRISIS1 EV5 A ,P>LIAM5T :I* 9 ! MO/ DEMOCRATIC 
,/ATES REPRES5TS ! COMMON MAN & NOT ! SIGNIFICANT CLASSES :O MO/ /RONGLY *]I% 
! ,/ATE IDEAL1 WILL *E]FULLY SU/A9 ! =EIGN POLICY :I* IT UND]/&S EV5 LESS 
?AN IT W\LD C>E = IF IT UND]/OOD1 & WILL VOTE ALMO/ UNANIM\SLY = AN 
9CALCULABLE W>1 9 :I* ! NATION MAY BE BR\<T WELL NI< TO RU94 ,?AT IS :Y ! 
REF]5DUM :I* WAS ADVOCAT$ BY SOME PEOPLE AS A TE/ ( ,AM]ICAN S5TIM5T 9 5T]+ 
! W> WAS CONSID]$ EV5 BY ?\<TFUL DEMOCRATS TO BE SOME?+ SUBTLY IMPROP]4 ,! 
DIE HAD BE5 CA/4 ,POPUL> :IM C\LD ONLY D]ANGE & BUNGLE MON/R\SLY ! MAJE/IC 
M>* ( ,/ATE POLICY 9 ITS NEW CRUSADE = ! PEACE ( ! WORLD4 ,! IRRESI/IBLE 
,/ATE IDEAL GOT HOLD ( ! B[ELS ( M54 ,:]EAS UP TO ?IS TIME1 IT HAD BE5 
IRREPROA*ABLE TO BE NEUTRAL 9 WORD & DE$1 = ! =EIGN POLICY ( ! ,/ATE HAD SO 
DECID$ IT1 H5CE=? IT BECAME ! MO/ >RANT CRIME TO REMA9 NEUTRAL4 ,! ,MIDDLE ,WE/1 
:I* HAD BE5 SODD5LY PACIFI/IC 9 \R DAYS ( NEUTRALITY1 BECAME 9 A FEW MON?S JU/ 
AS SODD5LY BELLICOSE1 & 9 ITS ZEAL = WIT*-BURN+S & ITS SC5T = 5EMIES )9 
GAVE PREC$5CE TO NO SECTION ( ! C\NTRY4 ,! H]D-M9D FOLL[$ FAI?FULLY ! 
,/ATE-M9D &1 ! AGITATION = A REF]5DUM BE+ SOON =GOTT51 ! C\NTRY FELL 9TO 
! UNIV]SAL CONCLUSION ?AT1 S9CE ITS ,CONGRESS HAD =MALLY DECL>$ ! W>1 ! 
NATION ITSELF HAD 9 ! MO/ SOLEMN & UNIV]SAL WAY DEVIS$ & BR\<T ON ! 5TIRE 
AFFAIR4 ,OPPRESSION ( M9ORITIES BECAME JU/IFI$ ON ! PLEA ?AT ! LATT] W]E 
P]V]SELY RESI/+ ! RATIONALLY CON/RUCT$ & SOLEMNLY DECL>$ WILL ( A MAJORITY 
( ! NATION4 ,! H]D COALESC5CE ( OP9ION :I* BECAME 9EVITABLE ! MOM5T ! 
,/ATE HAD SET FL[+ ! W> ATTITUDES BECAME 9T]PRET$ AS A PREW> POPUL> DECISION1 
& DIS9CL9ATION TO B[ TO ! H]D WAS TREAT$ AS A MON/R\SLY ANTISOCIAL ACT4 ,SO ?AT 
! ,/ATE1 :I* HAD VIGOR\SLY RESI/$ ! IDEA ( A REF]5DUM & CLUNG T5ACI\SLY 
&1 ( C\RSE1 ) 5TIRE SUCCESS TO ITS AUTOCRATIC & ABSOLUTE CONTROL ( =EIGN 
POLICY1 HAD ! PLEASURE ( SEE+ ! C\NTRY1 )9 A FEW MON?S1 GIV5 OV] TO ! 
RETROSPECTIVE IMPRESSION ?AT A G5U9E REF]5DUM HAD TAK5 PLACE4 ,:5 ONCE A C\NTRY 
HAS LAPP$ UP !SE ,/ATE ATTITUDES1 ITS MEMORY FADES2 IT CONCEIVES ITSELF NOT AS M]ELY 
ACCEPT+1 BUT ( HAV+ ITSELF WILL$1 ! :OLE POLICY & TE*NIQUE ( W>4 ,! 
SIGNIFICANT CLASSES1 ) !IR TRAIL+ SATELLITES1 ID5TIFY !MSELVES ) ! ,/ATE1 
SO ?AT :AT ! ,/ATE1 ?R\< ! AG5CY ( ! ,GOV]NM5T1 HAS WILL$1 ?IS MAJORITY 
CONCEIVES ITSELF TO HAVE WILL$4  

,ALL ( :I* GOES TO %[ ?AT ! ,/ATE REPRES5TS ALL ! AUTOCRATIC1 >BITR>Y1 
CO]CIVE1 BELLIG]5T =CES )9 A SOCIAL GR\P1 IT IS A SORT ( COMPLEXUS ( 
EV]Y?+ MO/ DI/A/EFUL TO ! MOD]N FREE CREATIVE SPIRIT1 ! FEEL+ = LIFE1 
LIB]TY1 & ! PURSUIT ( HAPP9ESS4 ,W> IS ! HEAL? ( ! ,/ATE4 ,ONLY :5 ! ,/ATE 
IS AT W> DOES ! MOD]N SOCIETY FUNCTION ) ?AT UNITY ( S5TIM5T1 SIMPLE UNCRITICAL 
PATRIOTIC DEVOTION1 COOP]ATION ( S]VICES1 :I* HAVE ALWAYS BE5 ! IDEAL ( ! ,/ATE 
LOV]4 ,) ! RAVAGES ( DEMOCRATIC IDEAS1 H[EV]1 ! MOD]N REPUBLIC CANNOT GO TO W> 
UND] ! OLD CONCEPTIONS ( AUTOCRACY & DEA?-DEAL+ BELLIG]5CY4 ,IF A SUCCESSFUL 
ANIMUS = W> REQUIRES A R5AISSANCE ( ,/ATE IDEALS1 !Y CAN ONLY COME BACK UND] 
DEMOCRATIC =MS1 UND] ?IS RETROSPECTIVE CONVICTION ( DEMOCRATIC CONTROL ( =EIGN 
POLICY1 DEMOCRATIC DESIRE = W>1 & P>TICUL>LY ( ?IS ID5TIFICATION ( ! 
DEMOCRACY ) ! ,/ATE4 ,H[ UNREG5]ATE ! ANCI5T ,/ATE MAY BE1 H[EV]1 IS 9DICAT$ 
BY ! LAWS AGA9/ S$ITION1 & BY ! ,GOV]NM5T@&_?#a#d#f2S UNRE=M$ ATTITUDE ON =EIGN 
POLICY4 ,ONE ( ! FIR/ DEM&S ( ! MORE F>SEE+ DEMOCRATS 9 ! DEMOCRACIES ( ! 
,ALLIANCE WAS ?AT SECRET DIPLOMACY MU/ GO4 ,! W> WAS SE5 TO HAVE BE5 MADE POSSIBLE BY 
A WEB ( SECRET AGREEM5TS BETWE5 ,/ATES1 ALLIANCES ?AT W]E MADE BY ,GOV]NM5TS )\T 
! %AD[ ( POPUL> SUPPORT OR EV5 POPUL> KN[L$GE1 & VAGUE1 HALF-UND]/OOD 
COMMITM5TS ?AT SC>CELY REA*$ ! /AGE ( A TREATY OR AGREEM5T1 BUT :I* PROV$ 
B9D+ 9 ! EV5T4 ,C]TA9LY1 SAID !SE DEMOCRATIC ?9K]S1 W> CAN SC>CELY BE 
AVOID$ UNLESS ?IS POISON\S UND]GR\ND SY/EM ( SECRET DIPLOMACY IS DE/ROY$1 ?IS 
SY/EM BY :I* A NATION@&_?#a#d#f2S P[]1 WEAL?1 & MANHOOD MAY BE SIGN$ AWAY LIKE A BLANK 
*ECK TO AN ALLI$ NATION TO BE CA%$ 9 AT SOME FUTURE CRISIS4 ,AGREEM5TS :I* >E TO 
AFFECT ! LIVES ( :OLE PEOPLES MU/ BE MADE BETWE5 PEOPLES & NOT BY ,GOV]NM5TS1 OR 
AT LEA/ BY !IR REPRES5TATIVES 9 ! FULL GL>E ( PUBLICITY & CRITICISM4  

,SU* A DEM& = @&_?#a#d#g2DEMOCRATIC CONTROL ( =EIGN POLICY@&_?#a#d#h2 SEEM$ AXIOMATIC4 
,EV5 IF ! C\NTRY HAD BE5 SWUNG 9TO W> BY /EPS TAK5 SECRETLY & ANN\NC$ TO ! 
PUBLIC ONLY AFT] !Y HAD BE5 CONSUMMAT$1 IT WAS FELT ?AT ! ATTITUDE ( ! ,AM]ICAN 
,/ATE T[>D =EIGN POLICY WAS ONLY A RELIC ( ! BAD OLD DAYS & MU/ BE SUP]S$$ 9 
! NEW ORD]4 ,! ,AM]ICAN ,PRESID5T HIMSELF1 ! LIB]AL HOPE ( ! WORLD1 HAD 
DEM&$1 9 ! EYES ( ! WORLD1 OP5 DIPLOMACY1 AGREEM5TS FREELY & OP5LY >RIV$ 
AT4 ,DID ?IS MEAN A G5U9E TRANSF]5CE ( P[] 9 ?IS MO/ CRUCIAL ( ,/ATE FUNCTIONS 
FROM ,GOV]NM5T TO PEOPLE8 ,NOT AT ALL4 ,:5 ! QUE/ION REC5TLY CAME TO A *ALL5GE 9 
,CONGRESS1 & ! IMPLICATIONS ( OP5 DISCUSSION W]E SOME:AT SPECIFICALLY DISCUSS$1 
& ! DESIRABILITIES FRANKLY COMM5D$1 ! ,PRESID5T LET HIS DISAPPROVAL BE KN[N 9 NO 
UNC]TA9 WAY4 ,NO ONE EV] ACCUS$ ,MR4 ,WILSON ( NOT BE+ A ,/ATE IDEALI/1 & :5EV] 
DEMOCRATIC ASPIRATIONS SWUNG IDEALS TOO F> \T ( ! ,/ATE ORBIT1 HE C\LD BE C\NT$ ON 
TO REACT VIGOR\SLY4 ,H]E WAS A CLE> CASE ( CONFLICT BETWE5 DEMOCRATIC IDEALISM & ! 
V]Y CRUX ( ! CONCEPT ( ! ,/ATE4 ,H[EV] UN?9K+LY HE MI<T HAVE BE5 L$ ON TO 
5C\RAGE OP5 DIPLOMACY 9 HIS LIB]ALIZ+ PROGRAM1 :5 ITS IMPLICATION WAS MADE VIVID 
TO HIM1 HE BETRAY$ H[ M]E A TOOL ! IDEA HAD BE5 9 HIS M9D TO ACC5TUATE 
,AM]ICA@&_?#a#d#f2S R$EEM+ ROLE4 ,NOT 9 ANY S5SE AS A S]I\S PRAGMATIC TE*NIQUE HAD HE 
?\<T ( A G5U9ELY OP5 DIPLOMACY4 ,& H[ C\LD HE8 ,= ! LA/ /RON<OLD ( ,/ATE 
P[] IS =EIGN POLICY4 ,IT IS 9 =EIGN POLICY ?AT ! ,/ATE ACTS MO/ CONC5TRAT$LY 
AS ! ORGANIZ$ H]D1 ACTS ) FULLE/ S5SE ( AGGRESSIVE-P[]1 ACTS ) FREE/ 
>BITR>9ESS4 ,9 =EIGN POLICY1 ! ,/ATE IS MO/ ITSELF4 ,/ATES1 ) REF]5CE TO EA* 
O!R1 MAY BE SAID TO BE 9 A CONT9UAL /ATE ( LAT5T W>4 ,! @&_?#a#d#g2>M$ TRUCE1@&_?#a#d#h2 
A PHRASE SO FAMILI> BE=E #a#i#a#d1 WAS AN ACCURATE DESCRIPTION ( ! NORMAL RELATION ( 
,/ATES :5 !Y >E NOT AT W>4 ,9DE$1 IT IS NOT TOO MU* TO SAY ?AT ! NORMAL 
RELATION ( ,/ATES IS W>4 ,DIPLOMACY IS A DISGUIS$ W>1 9 :I* ,/ATES SEEK TO GA9 BY 
B>T] & 9TRIGUE1 BY ! CLEV]NESS ( WITS1 ! OBJECTIVES :I* !Y W\LD HAVE TO 
GA9 MORE CLUMSILY BY MEANS ( W>4 ,DIPLOMACY IS US$ :ILE ! ,/ATES >E RECUP]AT+ 
FROM CONFLICTS 9 :I* !Y HAVE EXHAU/$ !MSELVES4 ,IT IS ! :E$L+ & ! 
B>GA9+ ( ! WORN-\T BULLIES AS !Y RISE FROM ! GR\ND & SL[LY RE/ORE !IR 
/R5G? TO BEG9 FI<T+ AGA94 ,IF DIPLOMACY HAD BE5 A MORAL EQUIVAL5T = W>1 A 
HI<] /AGE 9 HUMAN PROGRESS1 AN 9E/IMABLE MEANS ( MAK+ WORDS PREVAIL 9/EAD ( 
BL[S1 MILIT>ISM W\LD HAVE BROK5 D[N & GIV5 PLACE TO IT4 ,BUT S9CE IT IS A M]E 
TEMPOR>Y SUB/ITUTE1 A M]E APPE>ANCE ( W>@&_?#a#d#f2S 5]GY UND] ANO!R =M1 A 
SURROGATE EFFECT IS ALMO/ EXACTLY PROPORTION$ TO ! >M$ =CE BEH9D IT4 ,:5 IT 
FAILS1 ! REC\RSE IS IMM$IATE TO ! MILIT>Y TE*NIQUE :OSE ?9LY VEIL$ >M IT HAS 
BE54 ,A DIPLOMACY ?AT WAS ! AG5CY ( POPUL> DEMOCRATIC =CES 9 !IR NON-,/ATE 
MANIFE/ATIONS W\LD BE NO DIPLOMACY AT ALL4 ,IT W\LD BE NO BETT] ?AN ! ,RAILWAY OR 
,$UCATION COMMISSIONS ?AT >E S5T FROM ONE C\NTRY TO ANO!R ) RATIONAL CON/RUCTIVE 
PURPOSE4 ,! ,/ATE1 ACT+ AS A DIPLOMATIC-MILIT>Y IDEAL1 IS ET]NALLY AT W>4 ,JU/ AS IT 
MU/ ACT >BITR>ILY & AUTOCRATICALLY 9 TIME ( W>1 IT MU/ ACT 9 TIME ( PEACE 9 
?IS P>TICUL> ROLE :]E IT ACTS AS A UNIT4 ,UNIFI$ CONTROL IS NECESS>ILY AUTOCRATIC 
CONTROL4 ,DEMOCRATIC CONTROL ( =EIGN POLICY IS !RE=E A CONTRADICTION 9 T]MS4 ,OP5 
DISCUSSION DE/ROYS SWIFTNESS & C]TA9TY ( ACTION4 ,! GIANT ,/ATE IS P>ALYZ$4 ,MR4 
,WILSON RETA9S HIS FULL IDEAL ( ! ,/ATE AT ! SAME TIME ?AT HE DESIRES TO ELIM9ATE 
W>4 ,HE WI%ES TO MAKE ! WORLD SAFE = DEMOCRACY AS WELL AS SAFE = DIPLOMACY4 ,:5 
! TWO >E 9 CONFLICT1 HIS CLE> POLITICAL 9SI<T1 HIS IDEALISM ( ! ,/ATE1 TELLS HIM 
?AT IT IS ! NAIV] DEMOCRATIC VALUES ?AT MU/ BE SACRIFIC$4 ,! WORLD MU/ PRIM>ILY 
BE MADE SAFE = DIPLOMACY4 ,! ,/ATE MU/ NOT BE DIM9I%$4  

,:AT IS ! ,/ATE ESS5TIALLY8 ,! MORE CLOSELY WE EXAM9E IT1 ! MORE MY/ICAL & 
P]SONAL IT BECOMES4 ,ON ! ,NATION WE CAN PUT \R H& AS A DEF9ITE SOCIAL GR\P1 ) 
ATTITUDES & QUALITIES EXACT 5\< TO MEAN SOME?+4 ,ON ! ,GOV]NM5T WE CAN PUT \R 
H& AS A C]TA9 ORGANIZATION ( RUL+ FUNCTIONS1 ! MA*9]Y ( LAWMAK+ & 
LAW-5=C+4 ,! ,ADM9I/RATION IS A RECOGNIZABLE GR\P ( POLITICAL FUNCTION>IES1 
TEMPOR>ILY 9 *>GE ( ! GOV]NM5T4 ,BUT ! ,/ATE /&S AS AN IDEA BEH9D !M ALL1 
ET]NAL1 SANCTIFI$1 & FROM IT ,GOV]NM5T & ,ADM9I/RATION CONCEIVE !MSELVES TO HAVE 
! BREA? ( LIFE4 ,EV5 ! NATION1 ESPECIALLY 9 TIMES ( W> @&_?#a#e#a2 OR AT LEA/1 ITS 
SIGNIFICANT CLASSES @&_?#a#e#a2 CONSID]S ?AT IT D]IVES ITS AU?ORITY & ITS PURPOSE FROM 
! IDEA ( ! ,/ATE4 ,NATION & ,/ATE >E SC>CELY DIFF]5TIAT$1 & ! CONCRETE1 
PRACTICAL1 APP>5T FACTS >E SUNK 9 ! SYMBOL4 ,WE REV]5CE NOT \R C\NTRY BUT ! 
FLAG4 ,WE MAY CRITICIZE EV] SO SEV]ELY \R C\NTRY1 BUT WE >E DISRESPECTFUL TO ! FLAG 
AT \R P]IL4 ,IT IS ! FLAG & ! UNI=M ?AT MAKE M5@&_?#a#d#f2S HE>T BEAT HI< & FILL 
!M ) NOBLE EMOTIONS1 NOT ! ?\<T ( & PI\S HOPES = ,AM]ICA AS A FREE & 
5LI<T5$ NATION4  

,IT CANNOT BE SAID ?AT ! OBJECT ( EMOTION IS ! SAME1 BECAUSE ! FLAG IS ! 
SYMBOL ( ! NATION1 SO ?AT 9 REV]5C+ ! ,AM]ICAN FLAG WE >E REV]5C+ ! 
NATION4 ,= ! FLAG IS NOT A SYMBOL ( ! C\NTRY AS A CULTURAL GR\P1 FOLL[+ C]TA9 
IDEALS ( LIFE1 BUT SOLELY A SYMBOL ( ! POLITICAL ,/ATE1 9SEP>ABLE FROM ITS PRE/IGE 
& EXPANSION4 ,! FLAG IS MO/ 9TIMATELY CONNECT$ ) MILIT>Y A*IEVEM5T1 MILIT>Y 
MEMORY4 ,IT REPRES5TS ! C\NTRY NOT 9 ITS 9T5SIVE LIFE1 BUT 9 ITS F>-FLUNG 
*ALL5GE TO ! WORLD4 ,! FLAG IS PRIM>ILY ! BANN] ( W>2 IT IS ALLI$ ) 
PATRIOTIC AN!M & HOLIDAY4 ,IT RECALLS OLD M>TIAL MEMORIES4 ,A NATION@&_?#a#d#f2S PATRIOTIC 
HI/ORY IS SOLELY ! HI/ORY ( ITS W>S1 ?AT IS1 ( ! ,/ATE 9 ITS HEAL? & 
GLORI\S FUNCTION+4 ,SO 9 RESPOND+ TO ! APPEAL ( ! FLAG1 WE >E RESPOND+ TO ! 
APPEAL ( ! ,/ATE1 TO ! SYMBOL ( ! H]D ORGANIZ$ AS AN (F5SIVE & DEF5SIVE 
BODY1 CONSCI\S ( ITS PR[ESS & ITS MY/ICAL H]D /R5G?4  

,EV5 ?OSE AU?ORITIES 9 ! PRES5T ,ADM9I/RATION1 TO :OM HAS BE5 GRANT$ 
AUTOCRATIC CONTROL OV] OP9ION1 FEEL1 ?\< !Y >E SC>CELY ABLE TO PHILOSOPHIZE OV]1 
?IS DI/9CTION4 ,IT HAS BE5 AU?ORITATIVELY DECL>$ ?AT ! HORRID P5ALTIES AGA9/ 
S$ITI\S OP9ION MU/ NOT BE CON/RU$ AS 9HIBIT+ LEGITIMATE1 ?AT IS1 P>TISAN 
CRITICISM ( ! ,ADM9I/RATION4 ,A DI/9CTION IS MADE BETWE5 ! ,ADM9I/RATION & ! 
,GOV]NM5T4 ,IT IS QUITE ACCURATELY SUGGE/$ BY ?IS ATTITUDE ?AT ! ,ADM9I/RATION IS A 
TEMPOR>Y B& ( P>TISAN POLITICIANS 9 *>GE ( ! MA*9]Y ( ,GOV]NM5T1 C>RY+ 
\T ! MY/ICAL POLICIES ( ,/ATE4 ,! MANN] 9 :I* !Y OP]ATE ?IS MA*9]Y MAY BE 
FREELY DISCUSS$ & OBJECT$ TO BY !IR POLITICAL OPPON5TS4 ,! ,GOV]NM5TAL MA*9]Y 
MAY ALSO BE LEGITIMATELY ALT]$1 9 CASE ( NECESSITY4 ,:AT MAY NOT BE DISCUSS$ OR 
CRITICIZ$ IS ! MY/ICAL POLICY ITSELF OR ! MOTIVES ( ! ,/ATE 9 9AUGURAT+ SU* 
A POLICY4 ,! ,PRESID5T1 IT IS TRUE1 HAS MADE C]TA9 P>TISAN DI/9CTIONS BETWE5 
C&IDATES = (FICE ON ! GR\ND ( SUPPORT OR NONSUPPORT ( ! ,ADM9I/RATION1 BUT 
:AT HE MEANS WAS REALLY SUPPORT OR NONSUPPORT ( ! ,/ATE POLICY AS FAI?FULLY C>RI$ 
\T BY ! ,ADM9I/RATION4 ,C]TA9 ( ! ,ADM9I/RATION MEASURES W]E DEVIS$ DIRECTLY TO 
9CREASE ! HEAL? ( ! ,/ATE1 SU* AS ! ,CONSCRIPTION & ! ,ESPIONAGE LAWS4 ,O!RS 
W]E CONC]N$ M]ELY ) ! MA*9]Y4 ,TO OPPOSE ! FIR/ WAS TO OPPOSE ! ,/ATE & 
WAS !RE=E NOT TOL]ABLE4 ,TO OPPOSE ! SECOND WAS TO OPPOSE FALLIBLE HUMAN JUDGM5T1 
& WAS !RE=E1 ?\< TO BE DEPRECIAT$1 NOT TO BE :OLLY 9T]PRET$ AS POLITICAL 
SUICIDE4  

,! DI/9CTION BETWE5 ,GOV]NM5T & ,/ATE1 H[EV]1 HAS NOT BE5 SO C>EFULLY 
OBS]V$4 ,9 TIME ( W> IT IS NATURAL ?AT ,GOV]NM5T AS ! SEAT ( AU?ORITY %\LD BE 
CONFUS$ ) ! ,/ATE OR ! MY/IC S\RCE ( AU?ORITY4 ,Y\ CANNOT V]Y WELL 9JURE A 
MY/ICAL IDEA :I* IS ! ,/ATE1 BUT Y\ CAN V]Y WELL 9T]F]E ) ! PROCESSES ( 
,GOV]NM5T4 ,SO ?AT ! TWO BECOME ID5TIFI$ 9 ! PUBLIC M9D1 & ANY CONTEMPT = OR 
OPPOSITION TO ! WORK+S ( ! MA*9]Y ( ,GOV]NM5T IS CONSID]$ EQUIVAL5T TO 
CONTEMPT = ! SACR$ ,/ATE4 ,! ,/ATE1 IT IS FELT1 IS BE+ 9JUR$ 9 ITS FAI?FUL 
SURROGATE1 & PUBLIC EMOTION RALLIES PASSIONATELY TO DEF5D IT4 ,IT EV5 MAKES ANY 
CRITICISM ( ! =M ( ,GOV]NM5T A CRIME4  

,! 9EXTRICABLE UNION ( MILIT>ISM & ! ,/ATE IS BEAUTIFULLY %[N BY ?OSE LAWS 
:I* EMPHASIZE 9T]F]5CE ) ! ,>MY & ,NAVY AS ! MO/ CULPABLE ( S$ITI\S 
CRIMES4 ,PRAGMATICALLY1 A CASE ( CAPITALI/IC SABOTAGE1 OR A /RIKE 9 W> 9DU/RY W\LD 
SEEM TO BE F> MORE DANG]\S TO ! SUCCESSFUL PROSECUTION ( ! W> ?AN ! ISOLAT$ 
& 9EFFECTUAL EF=TS ( AN 9DIVIDUAL TO PREV5T RECRUIT+4 ,BUT 9 ! TRADITION ( 
! ,/ATE IDEAL1 SU* 9DU/RIAL 9T]F]5CE ) NATIONAL POLICY IS NOT ID5TIFI$ AS A 
CRIME AGA9/ ! ,/ATE4 ,IT MAY BE GRUMBL$ AGA9/2 IT MAY BE SE5 QUITE RATIONALLY AS AN 
IMP$IM5T ( ! UTMO/ GRAVITY4 ,BUT IT IS NOT FELT 9 ?OSE OBSCURE SEATS ( 
! H]D M9D :I* DICTATE ! ID5TITY ( CRIME & FIX !IR PROPORTIONAL PUNI%M5TS4 
,>MY & ,NAVY1 H[EV]1 >E ! V]Y >MS ( ! ,/ATE2 9 !M FL[S ITS MO/ PRECI\S 
LIFEBLOOD4 ,TO P>ALYZE !M IS TO T\* ! V]Y ,/ATE ITSELF4 ,& ! MAJE/Y ( ! 
,/ATE IS SO SACR$ ?AT EV5 TO ATTEMPT SU* A P>ALYZES IS A CRIME EQUAL TO A SUCCESSFUL 
/RIKE4 ,! WILL IS DEEM$ SUFFICI5T4 ,EV5 ?\< ! 9DIVIDUAL 9 HIS EF=T TO IMP$E 
RECRUIT+ %\LD UTT]LY & LAM5TABLY FAIL1 HE %ALL BE 9 NO WISE SP>$4 ,LET ! 
WRA? ( ! ,/ATE DESC5D UPON HIM = HIS IMPIETY6 ,EV5 IF HE DOES NOT TRY ANY OV]T 
ACTION1 BUT M]ELY UTT]S S5TIM5TS ?AT MAY 9CID5TALLY 9 ! MO/ 9DIRECT WAY CAUSE 
SOMEONE TO REFRA9 FROM 5LI/+1 HE IS GUILTY4 ,! GU>DIANS ( ! ,/ATE DO NOT ASK 
:E!R ANY PRAGMATIC EFFECT FL[$ \T ( ?IS EVIL WILL OR DESIRE4 ,IT IS 5\< ?AT ! 
WILL IS PRES5T4 ,FIFTE5 OR TW5TY YE>S 9 PRISON IS NOT DEEM$ TOO MU* = SU* 
SACRILEGE4  

,SU* ATTITUDES & SU* LAWS1 :I* AFFRONT EV]Y PR9CIPLE ( HUMAN REASON1 >E NO 
ACCID5T1 NOR >E !Y ! RESULT ( HY/]IA CAUS$ BY ! W>4 ,!Y >E CONSID]$ JU/1 
PROP]1 BEAUTIFUL BY ALL ! CLASSES :I* HAVE ! ,/ATE IDEAL1 & !Y EXPRESS ONLY AN 
EXTREME ( HEAL? & VIGOR 9 ! REACTION ( ! ,/ATE TO ITS NONFRI5DS4  

,SU* ATTITUDES >E 9EVITABLE AS >IS+ FROM ! DEVOTEES ( ! ,/ATE4 ,= ! ,/ATE 
IS A P]SONAL AS WELL AS A MY/ICAL SYMBOL1 & IT CAN ONLY BE UND]/OOD BY TRAC+ ITS 
HI/ORICAL ORIG94 ,! MOD]N ,/ATE IS NOT ! RATIONAL & 9TELLIG5T PRODUCT ( MOD]N 
M5 DESIR+ TO LIVE H>MONI\SLY TOGE!R ) SECURITY ( LIFE1 PROP]TY1 & OP9ION4 
,IT IS NOT AN ORGANIZATION :I* HAS BE5 DEVIS$ AS PRAGMATIC MEANS TO A DESIR$ SOCIAL 
5D4 ,ALL ! IDEALISM ) :I* WE HAVE BE5 9/RUCT$ TO 5D[ ! ,/ATE IS ! FRUIT 
( \R RETROSPECTIVE IMAG9ATIONS4 ,:AT IT DOES = US 9 ! WAY ( SECURITY & B5EFIT 
( LIFE1 IT DOES 9CID5TALLY AS A BYPRODUCT & DEVELOPM5T ( ITS ORIG9AL FUNCTIONS1 
& NOT BECAUSE AT ANY TIME M5 OR CLASSES 9 ! FULL POSSESSION ( !IR 9SI<T & 
9TELLIG5CE HAVE DESIR$ ?AT IT BE SO4 ,IT IS V]Y IMPORTANT ?AT WE %\LD OCCASIONALLY 
LIFT ! 9CORRIGIBLE VEIL ( ?AT EX PO/ FACTO IDEALISM BY :I* WE ?R[ A 
GLAM\R ( RATIONALIZATION OV] :AT IS1 & PRET5D 9 ! EC/ASIES ( SOCIAL CONCEIT 
?AT WE HAVE P]SONALLY 9V5T$ & SET UP = ! GLORY ( ,GOD & MAN ! HO>Y 
9/ITUTIONS :I* WE SEE >\ND US4 ,?+S >E :AT !Y >E1 & COME D[N TO US ) 
ALL !IR ?ICK 5CRU/ATIONS ( ]ROR & MALEVOL5CE4 ,POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY CAN DELI<T 
US ) FANTASY & CONV9CE US :O NE$ ILLUSION TO LIVE ?AT ! ACTUAL IS A FAIR & 
APPROXIMATE COPY @&_?#a#e#a2 FULL ( FAIL+S1 ( C\RSE1 BUT APPROXIMATELY S\ND & S9C]E 
@&_?#a#e#a2 ( ?AT IDEAL SOCIETY :I* WE CAN IMAG9E \RSELVES AS CREAT+4 ,FROM ?IS IT IS A 
/EP TO ! TACIT ASSUMPTION ?AT WE HAVE SOMEH[ HAD A H& 9 ITS CREATION & >E 
RESPONSIBLE = ITS MA9T5ANCE & SANCTITY4  

,NO?+ IS MORE OBVI\S1 H[EV]1 ?AN ?AT EV]Y ONE ( US COMES 9TO SOCIETY AS 9TO 
SOME?+ 9 :OSE CREATION WE HAD NOT ! SLI<TE/ H&4 ,WE HAVE NOT EV5 ! ADVANTAGE1 
LIKE ?OSE LITTLE UNBORN S\LS 9 ,! ,BLUE ,BIRD1 ( CONSCI\SNESS BE=E WE TAKE 
UP \R C>E]S ON E>?4 ,BY ! TIME WE F9D \RSELVES H]E WE >E CAU<T 9 A NETWORK ( 
CU/OMS & ATTITUDES1 ! MAJOR DIRECTIONS ( \R DESIRES & 9T]E/S HAVE BE5 /AMP$ 
ON \R M9DS1 & BY ! TIME WE HAVE EM]G$ FROM TUTELAGE & REA*$ ! YE>S ( 
DISCRETION :5 WE MI<T CONCEIVABLY ?R[ \R 9FLU5CE TO ! RE%AP+ ( SOCIAL 
9/ITUTIONS1 MO/ ( US HAVE BE5 SO MOLD$ 9TO ! SOCIETY & CLASS WE LIVE 9 ?AT WE 
>E SC>CELY AW>E ( ANY DI/9CTION BETWE5 \RSELVES AS JUDG+1 DESIR+ 9DIVIDUALS 
& \R SOCIAL 5VIRONM5T4 ,WE HAVE BE5 KNEAD$ SO SUCCESSFULLY ?AT WE APPROVE ( :AT 
\R SOCIETY APPROVES1 DESIRE :AT \R SOCIETY DESIRES1 & ADD TO ! GR\P \R [N 
PASSIONATE 9]TIA AGA9/ *ANGE1 AGA9/ ! EF=T ( REASON1 & ! ADV5TURE ( 
BEAUTY4  

,EV]Y ONE ( US1 )\T EXCEPTION1 IS BORN 9TO A SOCIETY ?AT IS GIV51 JU/ AS ! 
FAUNA & FLORA ( \R 5VIRONM5T >E GIV54 ,SOCIETY & ITS 9/ITUTIONS >E1 TO ! 
9DIVIDUAL :O 5T]S IT1 AS MU* NATURALI/IC PH5OM5A AS IS ! WEA!R ITSELF4 ,!RE 
IS1 !RE=E1 NO NATURAL SANCTITY 9 ! ,/ATE ANY MORE ?AN !RE IS 9 ! WEA!R4 ,WE 
MAY B[ D[N BE=E IT1 JU/ AS \R ANCE/ORS B[$ BE=E ! SUN & MOON1 BUT IT IS 
ONLY BECAUSE SOME?+ 9 US UNREG5]ATE F9DS SATISFACTION 9 SU* AN ATTITUDE1 NOT 
BECAUSE !RE IS ANY?+ 9H]5TLY REV]5TIAL 9 ! 9/ITUTION WOR%IP$4 ,ONCE ! 
,/ATE HAS BEGUN TO FUNCTION1 & A L>GE CLASS F9DS ITS 9T]E/ & ITS EXPRESSION ( 
P[] 9 MA9TA9+ ! ,/ATE1 ?IS RUL+ CLASS MAY COMPEL OB$I5CE FROM ANY 
UN9T]E/$ M9ORITY4 ,! ,/ATE ?US BECOMES AN 9/RUM5T BY :I* ! P[] ( ! 
:OLE H]D IS WIELD$ = ! B5EFIT ( A CLASS4 ,! RUL]S SOON LE>N TO CAPITALIZE ! 
REV]5CE :I* ! ,/ATE PRODUCES 9 ! MAJORITY1 & TURN IT 9TO A G5]AL RESI/ANCE 
T[>D A LESS5+ ( !IR PRIVILEGES4 ,! SANCTITY ( ! ,/ATE BECOMES ID5TIFI$ ) 
! SANCTITY ( ! RUL+ CLASS1 & ! LATT] >E P]MITT$ TO REMA9 9 P[] UND] 
! IMPRESSION ?AT 9 OBEY+ & S]V+ !M1 WE >E OBEY+ & S]V+ SOCIETY1 ! 
NATION1 ! GREAT COLLECTIVITY ( ALL ( US4 4 4 4  

,R,&,O,L,P,H  ,B,\,R,N,E  

#aiah  

  

,B\RNE@&_?#a#d#f2S DI/9CTIONS BETWE5 ,/ATE & ,GOV]NM5T & BETWE5 ,/ATE 
& ,NATION >E SOMETIMES A LITTLE TOO NEAT1 & HIS /RESS ON ! ,/ATE@&_?#a#d#f2S 9TIMATE 
CONNECTION ) W> T5DS TO OBSCURE ITS MORE @&_?#a#d#g2NORMAL@&_?#a#d#h2 ONGO+ ROLE AS 5=C] 
( ! ECONOMIC SY/EM DUR+ PEACETIME4 ,:ILE HE RECOGNIZES ?AT W> CANNOT BE ABOLI%$ 
)\T ABOLI%+ ! ,/ATE1 HE IS LESS CLE> 7OR AT LEA/ LESS EXPLICIT7 AB\T ! FACT 
?AT ! ,/ATE CANNOT BE ABOLI%$ )\T ABOLI%+ CAPITALISM4 ,) ?IS QUALIFICATION1 
,I ?9K HIS ESSAY IS ONE ( ! MO/ LUCID ANALYZES ( ! PATRIOTIC HY/]IA ?AT SPR+S 
UP ) A/ONI%+ RAPIDITY 9 TIMES ( W>1 & ?AT HAS USUALLY PROV$ F> MORE 
P[]FUL ?AN ! RATIONAL >GUM5TS ( ITS RADICAL OPPON5TS4 ,I DREW ON IT 9 SOME 
PASSAGES ( ,! ,W> & ! ,SPECTACLE4 

,?\< ,B\RNE SYMPA?IZ$ ) ! ,I,W,W & ! MORE RADICAL SOCIALI/ 
CURR5TS ( HIS DAY1 HIS SOCIAL P]SPECTIVE SEEMS TO HAVE BE5 ALONG ! MORE ECLECTIC 
LIB]AL-HUMANI/IC L9ES ( LAT] FIGURES SU* AS ,LEWIS ,MUM=D4 ,TWO GOOD COLLECTIONS ( 
HIS WRIT+S >E ,W> & ! ,9TELLECTUALS 7,H>P]1 #a#i#f#d7 & ,! ,RADICAL 
,WILL 7,URIZ51 #a#i#g#g74 ,ANO!R ONL9E ,B\RNE >TICLE1 ,! ,W> & ! ,9TELLECTUALS 7#a#i#a#g71 EXAM9ES 
! VIRTUALLY UNANIM\S CAPITULATION ( EV5 ! MO/ @&_?#a#d#g2PROGRESSIVE@&_?#a#d#h2 ,AM]ICAN 
9TELLECTUALS TO SUPPORT ( ,AM]ICAN@&_?#a#d#f2S 5TRY 9TO ,WORLD ,W> ,I4 ,B\RNE WAS ONE ( ! 
FEW HONORABLE EXCEPTIONS4 ,TW5TY-FIVE YE>S LAT]1 :5 ,K5NE? ,REXRO? & HIS COMRADES 
=M$ AN ANTIW> GR\P DUR+ ,WORLD ,W> ,I,I1 !Y NAM$ IT ! ,R&OLPH ,B\RNE ,C\NCIL4 

7,S\RCE3 ,FIR/ P>T ( AN ESSAY 5TITL$ @&_?#a#d#g2,! ,/ATE1@&_?#a#d#h2 :I* WAS LEFT UNF9I%$ AT ,B\RNE@&_?#a#d#f2S UNTIMELY DEA? 9 #a#i#a#h47 

,FROM 3 BOPSECRETS4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #aiag 3 ,W> ,IS ! ,HEAL? ( ! ,/ATE -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,FEBRU>Y #d1 #bag 3 ,W> ,IS ! ,HEAL? ( ! ,/ATE -- ,ADD$4 
,DECEMB] #c1 #bba 3 ,W> ,IS ! ,HEAL? ( ! ,/ATE -- ,UPDAT$4 

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