,*APT] #a 
,ROOTS3 #a#h#g#b-#a#i#a ,! ,FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,/U>T ,*RI/IE 

,TEXT 3 

#a3 ,ROOTS3 #a#h#g#b-#a#i#a ,! ,FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL 

  

,AN>*ISM 9 ,SPA9 HAS ITS ROOTS 9 ! SO-CALL$ ',B\RGEOIS' REVOLUTION>Y P]IOD ( ,SPANI% HI/ORY BETWE5 #ahfh & #ahgc :5 ! PILL>S ( ! OLD SEMI-FEUDAL REGIME F9ALLY COLLAPS$ & ! ,/ATE BECAME TRANS=M$ 9TO AN ORGAN ( B\RGEOIS GOV]NM5T4 ,! NEW DOM9ANT B\RGEOIS CLASS DID NOT SPR+ FROM ! /ILL SMALL & WEAK 9DU/RIAL B\RGEOISIE BUT FROM AN AGR>IAN-BAS$ M]CANTILE B\RGEOISIE :OSE POLITICAL & ECONOMIC OBJECTIVES W]E LIB]AL AGR>IAN CAPITALISM4 ,! T5SION BETWE5 A ,/ATE-SUPPORT$ AGR>IAN CAPITALISM ON ! ONE H& & ! GR[+ ECONOMIC P[] ( 9DU/RIAL CAPITALISM :I* CAME TO A HEAD AT ?IS TIME SET ! /AGE = ! POLITICAL & ECONOMIC /RUGGLES ( ! P]IOD4 

,! BREAKUP ( ,*UR* L&S & ! 5TAIL$ E/ATES 9 ! MIDDLE ( ! N9ETE5? C5TURY WAS NOT SIMPLY AN ANTI-CL]ICAL MEASURE IMPLEM5T$ BY A LIB]AL GOV]NM5T4 ,IT WAS1 9 FACT1 AN ATTEMPT TO =CE ! PACE ( ! LIB]AL REVOLUTION & LAY ! F\NDATIONS = GR[? BY %IFT+ ! ECONOMY AWAY FROM ! L& TO EX*ANGE1 COMM]CE & SPECULATION4 ,9 #a#h#f#i1 !RE WAS AN E/IMAT$ ACTIVE POPULATION ( >\ND #f4#e MILLION ( :OM SOME #b4#e MILLION W]E ?\<T TO BE F>M LABOR]S & A FUR!R #a4#e MILLION WAGE LABOR]S WORK+ EI!R 9 /ILL FAIRLY SMALL-SCALE 9DU/RIES SU* AS TEXTILES1 M9+1 /EEL & CON/RUCTION OR 9 >TISANAL WORK%OPS4 ,?IS REMA9$ FAIRLY /ABLE = ! RE/ ( ! C5TURY4 ,9 ! P]IOD BETWE5 #ahf & #a#i1 ',! SECTOR NORMALLY DESCRIB$ AS ! PRIM>Y ONE 7I4E4 AGRICULTURE7 ACC\NT$ = #f#e-#f P] C5T ( ! TOTAL ACTIVE POPULATION2 ! SECOND>Y 79DU/RIAL7 SECTOR ACC\NT$ = #a#e-#a#d P] C5T2 ! T]TI>Y 7S]VICES7 SECTOR = #b-#a#h P] C5T4'.<#c.> ,?IS IMPLIES A POPULATION ( #d4#e MILLION 9VOLV$ 9 F>M+1 AN 9DU/RIAL POPULATION ( #a MILLION & A S]VICES SECTOR ( #a4#b#e MILLION4 

,AN IMPORTANT CONSEQU5CE ( ! DESAMORTIZACION1 AS ! BREAK UP ( ! E/ATES WAS CALL$1 WAS ! RAPID & /EADY 9FLUX ( L>GE NUMB]S ( F>M WORK]S 9TO ! T[NS & CITIES ( 9DU/RIAL ,SPA91 P>TICUL>LY >\ND ,B>CELONA4 ,ACCORD+ TO ,P]E ,GABRIEL1 IF WE TAKE URBAN RESID5TS TO COV] ?OSE :O LIVE 9 T[N%IPS ) UPW>DS ( #a1 9HABITANTS1 ! URBAN POPULATION ( ,SPA9 W\LD HAVE GR[N AS FOLL[S3 'FROM #ad P] C5T ( ! TOTAL POPULATION 9 #a#h#b1 TO #af P] C5T 9 #a#h#e#g1 TO #c P] C5T 9 #ahhg & #cb P] C5T 9 #a#i4'.<#d.> ,?IS RAPID URBANIZATION C\PL$ ) ! EQUALLY RAPID POLITICAL *ANGES )9 A SY/EM 9 :I* ! POLITICAL & ECONOMIC CONTRADICTIONS W]E BECOM+ MORE APP>5T =C$ ! PACE ( MASS RADICALIZATION & WAS TO EX]T A P[]FUL /IMULUS TO ! GR[? ( ! ,SPANI% LABOR MOVEM5T4 

,LIB]T>IAN IDEAS CONC]N+ FRE$OM & ITS RELAT$ CRITIQUE ( P[] & >BITR>Y AU?ORITY1 HAD BE5 CIRCULAT+ 9 DIFF]5T REGIONS ( ,SPA9 9 ONE =M OR O!R S9CE ! ,FR5* ,REVOLUTION3 ,SA9T ,SIMONISM 9 ,CATALONIA1 ,F\RI]ISM 9 ,CADIZ1 ETC4 ,ABOVE ALL1 H[EV]1 IT WAS ! 9FLU5CE ( ! F$]ALI/ & ANTI-/ATI/ IDEAS ( ! ,FR5* AN>*I/ ,PI]RE-,JOSEPH ,PR\DHON ON ,SPANI% RADICALS SU* AS ,RAMON DE LA ,SAGRA & ,FRANCESC ,PI I ,M>GALL 9 ! #a#h#eS ?AT SET ! F$]ALI/ SEAL ON ! ,SPANI% LABOR MOVEM5T4 ,IT WAS NOT UNTIL #a#h#f#h1 H[EV]1 ) ! 9TRODUCTION ( ,MI*AEL ,BAKUN9'S ,9T]NATIONAL ,ALLIANCE ( ,SOCIALI/ ,DEMOCRACY 9TO ,SPA9 BY ! ,ITALIAN ,GIUSEPPE ,FANELLI & O!RS1 ?AT AN>*ISM DEVELOP$ FROM BE+ A DOCTR9E ( AB/RACT PHILOSOPHICAL SPECULATION ON ! USE & ABUSE ( POLITICAL P[] TO A !ORY & ORGANIZ$ MOVEM5T ( PRACTICAL ACTION4 

,! HE>T ( ,BAKUN9'S CRITICISM ( CAPITALISM & /ATISM1 :I* WAS SO 5?USIA/ICALLY RECEIV$ BY ,SPANI% RADICALS1 WAS ?AT 9 SOCIETY ! EXI/+ ORD] WAS MA9TA9$ BY ?REE =CES3 ! ,/ATE1 RELIGION & PROP]TY4 ,BECAUSE ! ,/ATE HAD ALWAYS BE5 ! MEANS BY :I* ! RUL+ ELITE HAD SAFEGU>D$ !IR 9T]E/S & PRIVILEGES IT C\LD NOT1 !RE=E1 BE US$ AS A MEANS ( OV]?R[+ CAPITALISM1 AS ! AU?ORIT>IAN SOCIALI/S CLAIM$4 ,! ,/ATE1 !RE=E1 WAS ! PR9CIPAL >EA ( OPPOSITION4 ,REPRES5TATIVE DEMOCRACY WAS ALSO1 ,BAKUN9 >GU$1 A MASSIVE FRAUD ?R\< :I* ! RUL+ ELITE SUCCESSFULLY P]SUAD$ ! MASSES TO BUILD !IR [N PRISON4 ,BAKUN9'S MO/ CRITICAL CONDEMNATION1 H[EV]1 WAS RES]V$ = ,M>XI/ /ATE SOCIALISM1 :I*1 HE PROPHESI$1 W\LD BE ! MO/ TYRANNICAL REGIME ( ALL4 ,P[] CONC5TRAT$ 9 ! ,/ATE1 HE MA9TA9$1 W\LD 9AUGURATE '! RULE ( SCI5TIFIC M51 ! MO/ >I/OCRATIC1 ! MO/ DESPOTIC1 ! MO/ >ROGANT' ( RUL]S4 ,AN>*ISM WAS ! ONLY MEANS BY :I* A FREE SOCIETY C\LD EXI/1 ! ,/ATE BE+ REPLAC$ BY FREE F$]ATIONS1 BAS$ ON LOCAL COMMUNES1 ?R\< PROV9CES1 NATIONS1 CONT95TS1 &1 ULTIMATELY1 A WORLD F$]ATION REPRES5T+ ALL HUMANITY4 ,!SE IDEAS >TICULAT$ ! VALUES1 ASPIRATIONS & TRADITIONS ( ! ,SPANI% PEOPLE1 & W]E 5?USIA/ICALLY RECEIV$ 9 ! F$]ALI/ ATMOSPH]E ( ! TIME4 ,IT WAS ! ONLY ACCEPTABLE ALT]NATIVE TO BO? ! 9T]V5TIONI/ /ATE S\<T BY ! AGR>IAN-BAS$ M]CANTILE B\RGEOISIE1 TO ALL[ !M TO E/ABLI% AN EFFICI5T TRANSPORTATION & COMMUNICATIONS SY/EM :I* W\LD P]MIT !M TO BREAK 9TO ! GR[+ CONT95TAL & WORLD M>KETS1 & ! C5TRALIZ$ & BUREAUCRATIC /RUCTURE DEM&$ BY ! DOM9ANT ,M>XI/ FACTION )9 ! ,9T]NATIONAL4 

,! PROGRAM ( ,BAKUN9'S ,ALLIANCE ( ,SOCIALI/ ,DEMOCRACY WAS RECEIV$ ) 5?USIASM BY WORK+-CLASS RADICALS &1 P>TICUL>LY1 BY L&LESS PEASANTS4 ,BAKUN9'S PROGRAM HELD ?AT CAPITALISM WAS ! WOR/ ( ALL ECONOMIC SY/EMS BECAUSE IT UPHELD PROP]TY BO? AS A NATURAL RI<T1 & AS ! MA9 LEGITIMIZ] ( ! SOCIAL ORD]4 ,! CONSEQU5CE ( ?IS HAD BE5 A CLASS-DIVID$ SOCIETY 9 :I* POV]TY1 IGNORANCE1 TOIL & 9SECURITY HAD BE5 ! LOT ( ! MAJORITY1 ) ABUNDANCE1 SATISFACTION1 P[] & SECURITY = ! FEW4 ,BAKUN9'S ANSW] TO CAPITALISM WAS TO REPLACE IT ) A SY/EM BAS$ ON ! VOLUNT>Y ASSOCIATION ( PRODUC]S :O [N$ !IR 5T]PRISES 9 COMMON1 ! \TPUT BE+ DIVID$ AMONG ! MEMB]S ( ! ASSOCIATION1 NOT EQUALLY1 BUT FAIRLY1 ACCORD+ TO NE$4 

,! REVOLUTION>Y ROLE ( AN>*I/S )9 ! NASC5T ,SPANI% LABOR MOVEM5T WAS FIR/ SPELL$ \T CLE>LY 9 ! /ATUTES ( ! ,SPANI% SECTION ( ! ,FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL1 ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,WORK+ ,M5'S ,ASSOCIATION 7,I,W,M,A_/,A,I,T71 =M$ ON #b ,MAY #ahfi UND] ! EGIS ( ! ,ALLIANCE4 ,! PROGRAM1 /ATUTES & /RUCTURE ( ?IS ORGANIZATION W]E TO LAY ! F\NDATIONS & SET ! PATT]N = ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T 9 ,SPA9 = MANY YE>S TO COME4 ,! ,ALLIANCE1 ! FIR/ ORGANIZATIONAL 9/RUM5T ( ,SPANI% AN>*ISM1 WAS ! PROG5ITOR & 9SPIRATION = A LONG L9E ( MASS WORK]S' ORGANIZATIONS :OSE MA9 DI/+UI%+ & *>ACT]I/IC FEATURES W]E ITS ANTI-/ATISM & COLLECTIVISM1 :I* 5C\RAG$ !M TO RESI/ ! TAK+ OR EX]CISE ( P[] BY ANY POLITICAL FACTIONS & ALL GR\PS :I* ?REAT5$ !IR ANTI-AU?ORIT>IAN 9TEGRITY4 

,! ,ALLIANCE DECL>$ ITSELF A!I/1 COLLECTIVI/1 F$]ALI/ & AN>*I/3 ',9IMICAL TO ALL DESPOTISM1 ! ,ALLIANCE ACKN[L$GES NO =M ( /ATE & REJECTS ALL =MS ( REVOLUTION>Y ACTION :OSE IMM$IATE1 DIRECT OBJECTIVE IS NOT ! TRIUMPH OV] CAPITAL ( ! WORK]S' CAUSE4' .<#e.> 

,ITS PROGRAM CALL$ = ! COMPLETE RECON/RUCTION ( SOCIETY BY MEANS AS DIFF]5T FROM ?OSE PROPOS$ BY ,/ATE SOCIALISM AS ! MEANS TO ! RESPECTIVE 5DS3 ! F$]ATION ( SELF-GOV]N+ COMMUNES BAS$ ON WORK]S' [N]%IP & CONTROL ( ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION4 ,! AN>*I/S ( ! ,ALLIANCE FIRMLY BELIEV$ ?AT WORK]S & ! OPPRESS$ G5]ALLY MU/ G5]ATE & CONTROL !IR [N /RUGGLES4 ',NO SAVIOR FROM ON HI< DELIV]S' -- NEI!R ON ! PICKET L9E NOR AT ! B>RICADES4 

,! FIR/ MASS ORGANIZ$ LABOR MOVEM5T 9 ,SPA91 ! ,F$]ACION ,REGIONAL ,ESPANOLA 7,F,R,E71 WAS CONCEIV$ & DELIV]$ BY ! ,ALLIANCE1 :I* 5D[$ IT ) ! REVOLUTION>Y SPIRIT ( AN>*ISM4 ,! F\ND+ CONGRESS1 HELD 9 ,B>CELONA 9 ,JUNE #a#h#g1 WAS ATT5D$ BY #hi DELEGATES1 #gd ( :OM W]E ,CATALAN2 #e ( !M FROM ,B>CELONA4 ,AMONG ! /ATUTES ( ! ,SPANI% SECTION ( ! ,ALLIANCE WAS ! FOLL[+ EXPLICIT /ATEM5T ( AN>*I/ AIMS 9 RELATION TO ORGANIZ$ LABOR3 ',! ,ALLIANCE %ALL BR+ :ATEV] 9FLU5CE IT CAN TO BE> 9SIDE ! LOCAL LABOR F$]ATION TO PREV5T IT DEVELOP+ 9 A REACTION>Y OR ANTI-REVOLUTION>Y MANN]4' .<#f.> 

,! ATTITUDE ( ! ,F,R,E ITSELF T[>D POLITICAL ACTIVITY WAS SPELL$ \T 9 ! FOLL[+ RESOLUTION3  
  

',IT BE+ \R OP9ION444 ,?AT ! HOPES = WELL BE+ PLAC$ BY ! PEOPLE 9 ! CONS]VATION ( ! /ATE HAS1 9 FACT1 TAK5 A TOLL 9 LIVES4 

,?AT AU?ORITY & PRIVILEGE >E ! FIRME/ SUPPORTS UND]P9N+ ?IS SOCIETY ( 9JU/ICE1 A SOCIETY :OSE RECON/ITUTION UPON ! BASIS ( EQUALITY & LIB]TY IS A RI<T 9CUMB5T ON US ALL4 

',?AT ! SY/EM ( EXPLOITATION BY CAPITAL FAVOR$ BY ! GOV]NM5T OR ! POLITICAL /ATE IS NO?+ MORE ?AN ! SAME OLD1 EV]-9CREAS+ EXPLOITATION & =CIBLE SUBJECTION TO ! :IM ( ! B\RGEOISIE 9 ! NAME ( LEGAL OR JURIDICAL RI<T1 SIGNIFY+ ITS OBLIGATORY NATURE4' 

,FOLL[+ !IR EXPULSION BY ! ,M>XI/ FACTION FROM ! ,9T]NATIONAL AT ! RIGG$ ,HAGUE ,CONGRESS ( #b-#g ,SEPTEMB] #a#h#g#b1 ! ,LIB]T>IAN ,COMMUNI/S & ,F$]ALI/S HELD !IR [N ,CONGRESS JU/ OV] A WEEK LAT]1 ON #ae ,SEPTEMB]1 AT ,SA9T ,IMI]4 ,?IS ,CONGRESS1 ) :I* ! ,F,R,E ASSOCIAT$ ITSELF1 LAID D[N ! BASIC PR9CIPLES ( ORGANIZ$ AN>*ISM1 PR9CIPLES ?AT W]E TO PROVIDE A GUIDEL9E = FUTURE G5]ATIONS ( AN>*I/ ACTIVI/S4 ,9 !M WE CAN CLE>LY SEE :AT HAD 9SPIR$ & GUID$ AN>*I/ MILITANTS ?R\< TO ! PRES5T DAY4 ,!Y W]E TO HAVE P>TICUL> 9FLU5CE ON ! AN>*I/ UNIONI/S :O1 HALF A C5TURY LAT]1 W]E TO F\ND ! ,F$]ACION ,AN>QUI/A ,IB]ICA -- ! ,IB]IAN ,AN>*I/ ,F$]ATION4 

,! RESOLUTIONS PASS$ AT ! ,SA9T ,IMI] ,CONGRESS W]E F$]ALI/1 ANTI-POLITICAL & ANTI-/ATI/4 ,!SE W]E NOT ! FRUIT ( AB/RACT PHILOSOPHICAL SPECULATION BUT ! DI/ILL$ ESS5CE ( E>LI] H>D-WON REVOLUTION>Y EXP]I5CES4 

',& BE+ P]SUAD$ -- 

,?AT ANY POLITICAL ORGANIZATION CANNOT BE ANY?+ O!R ?AN ! ORGANIZATION ( P[] TO ! ADVANTAGE ( ONE CLASS & TO ! DETRIM5T ( ! MASSES1 & ?AT %\LD ! PROLET>IAT SEIZE P[]1 IT W\LD W9D UP AS A RUL+1 EXPLOITATIVE CLASS2 

',?IS ,CONGRESS1 MEET+ AT ,SA9T ,IMI]1 DECL>ES3  

,?AT ! DEMOLITION ( ALL POLITICAL P[] IS ! PRIM>Y DUTY ( ! PROLET>IAT4  

,?AT ANY =M ( POLITICAL P[] -- EV5 ONE ?AT IS SUPPOS$LY TEMPOR>Y & REVOLUTION>Y -- DE/9$ TO EFFECT ?IS DEMOLITION CANNOT BE ANY?+ O!R ?AN A TRICK & W\LD BE EV]Y BIT AS DANG]\S TO ! PROLET>IAT AS ANY ( ! GOV]NM5TS 9 EXI/5CE TODAY4  

,?AT PROLET>IANS ! WORLD OV] %\LD FI<T %Y ( ALL COMPROMISE ALONG ! ROAD ( SOCIAL REVOLUTION & MU/ E/ABLI% AN IMM5SE SOLID>ITY CAMPAIGN ( REVOLUTION>Y ACTIVITY \TSIDE ! P>AMET]S ( B\RGEOIS POLITICS4'  
  
  

,ANO!R APPROV$ RESOLUTION READ3  
  

',EV]Y /ATE1 :I* IS TO SAY1 EV]Y GOV]NM5T1 & EV]Y ADM9I/RATION ( ! MASSES ( ! PEOPLE :I* COMES D[N FROM ABOVE1 BE+ ( NECESSITY ROOT$ 9 BUREAUCRACY1 & RELIANT UPON >MIES1 ESPIONAGE & ! CL]GY1 WILL NEV] BE ABLE TO E/ABLI% A SOCIETY ORGANIZ$ ON ! BASIS ( LABOR & JU/ICE1 S9CE !Y >E1 BY !IR V]Y ESS5CE1 NATURALLY IMPELL$ TO OPPRESS ! LABOR] & D5Y JU/ICE444 ,AS WE SEE IT1 ! WORK] WILL NEV] BE ABLE TO FREE HIMSELF FROM OPPRESSION 9 ?IS WORLD UNLESS HE SUB/ITUTES = ?AT ABSORB5T1 DE-MORALIZ+ BODY1 ! FREE F$]ATION ( ALL PRODUC]S' GR\PS1 A F$]ATION F\ND$ UPON SOLID>ITY & EQUALITY4'  
  

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

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