,*APT] #i 
,UNIONISM ,V]SUS ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALISM 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,/U>T ,*RI/IE 

,TEXT 3 

#i3 ,UNIONISM V]SUS ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALISM 

  

,BY ! W9T] & SPR+ ( #a#i#b#g-#b#h ! DICTATOR%IP HAD LO/ ! SUPPORT ( ! (FIC] & PR(ESSIONAL CLASSES & WAS DRAW+ UNEASILY TO A CLOSE4 ,?IS L$ TO A CORRESPOND+ UPSURGE 9 WORK+-CLASS MILITANCY4 ,! ,C,N,T BEGAN TO REGR\P ITS SCATT]$ =CES4 ,ON #af & #ag ,JANU>Y #aibh ! (FICIAL ,F,A,I DELEGATE TO ! ,C,N,T ,NATIONAL ,PL5UM HELD 9 ,MADRID PROPOS$ ! TRABAZON1 ! JO9T DEF5SE & SOLID>ITY COMMITTEES1 AS ! MO/ EFFICI5T & SUITABLE WAY TO L9K BO? ORGANIZATIONS & PREP>E !M = ! TASK ( CONFRONT+ ! DICTATOR%IP & EAS+ ! EV5TUAL REEM]G5CE ( ! CONF$]ATION FROM CL&E/9ITY4 

',IT IS NOT PROPOS$'1 /AT$ ! DELEGATE1 'TO CREATE A NEW ORGANIZATION1 BUT TO CONNECT LIKE-M9D$ ORGANIZATIONS = ! REALIZATION ( ACTIVITIES & RESOLV+ PROBLEMS COMMON TO BO?1 =M+ COMMITTEES OR G5]AL C\NCILS :I* WILL H>MONIZE & DEVELOP !IR RELATION%IP & AVOID PREJUDICIAL FRICTION4' .<#f#g.> 

,A PROPOSAL = JO9T ,F,A,I-,C,N,T ACTION COMMITTEES1 ! =]UNN]S ( ! JO9T DEF5SE COMMITTEES1 WAS ACCEPT$ BY ! ,MADRID ,PL5UM ) LITTLE OPPOSITION1 AS WAS ! JO9T ,NATIONAL ,PRISON]S' ,AID ,COMMITTEE4 ,CLE>LY1 AT ?AT PO9T 9 TIME ! LEAD+ SPOKESM5 = ! LEGAL UNION POSITION1 9CLUD+ ,ANGEL ,PE/ANA1 !N ,C,N,T ,NATIONAL ,SECRET>Y1 DID NOT SEE ! ,F,A,I AS AN 9COMPATIBLE COMPETITOR4 ,9DE$1 IT WAS ! AN>*I/ GR\PS 9FLU5C$ BY ! ,URALES FAMILY J\RNAL ,LA ,REVI/A ,BLANCA :O W]E EXPRESS+ D\BTS AS TO ! WISDOM ( ! 'UND]/&+' BETWE5 ! TWO ORGANIZATIONS4 

,PE/ANA HIMSELF 5DORS$ ! TRABAZON :5 ! ,VAL5CIA ,LOCAL ,F$]ATION ( ,AN>*I/ ,GR\PS QUE/ION$ ITS ADVISABILITY4 ,HIS REPLY1 ON BEHALF ( ! ,NATIONAL ,COMMITTEE ( ! ,C,N,T1 APPE>$ TO SAY ?AT ! ,F,A,I WAS 5TITL$ TO 9T]V5E 9 'POLITICAL' MATT]S1 I4E4 ?AT ! ,C,N,T WAS ONLY CONC]N$ ) ECONOMIC DEM&S3  
  

',COLLABORATION BETWE5 ! TWO NATIONAL ORGANISMS 7,C,N,T & ,F,A,I7 IS NOT A CONFUSION ( ! RESPECTIVE MISSIONS ( BO? ORGANISMS444 

,!RE IS ! UNION QUE/ION :I* IS ! EXCLUSIVE COMPET5CE ( ! ,C,N,T1 BUT :5EV] ! SITUATION IS SU* AS TO ALL[ SUPPORT FROM ! ,F,A,I1 & :5 !RE IS ANO!R QUE/ION :I*1 BY VIRTUE ( ITS BLATANTLY REVOLUTION>Y NATURE1 MAY BE DESCRIB$ AS POLITICAL1 IT IS ONLY NATURAL & LOGICAL ?AT !RE %\LD 5SURE CLOSE COLLABORATION ( BO? ORGANISMS ON A BASIS ( COMPLETE EQUALITY4' .<#f#h.>  
  

,?AT ! ,F,A,I %\LD HAVE ACCEPT$ ! IDEA ?AT ! POLITICAL /RUGGLE C\LD BE SEP>AT$ \T FROM ! ECONOMIC IS CURI\S & DIFFICULT TO EXPLA92 = AN>*I/S !RE IS ONLY ONE CLASS1 ONE 5EMY & ONE /RUGGLE1 & ! LATT] CAN ONLY BE WAG$ BY ONE ORGANIZATION1 NOT TWO6 

,! 5DORSEM5T ( ! TRABAZON BY AN ANTI-REVOLUTION>Y ,C,N,T ,NATIONAL ,COMMITTEE IS EQUALLY CURI\S4 ,P]HAPS ! POOR RES\RCES & RELATIVELY M9USCULE MEMB]%IP ( ! ,F,A,I HAD ALLAY$ !IR FE>S4 ,COMP>$ ) ! ,C,N,T LEAD]S' APP>5TLY /RONG POSITION )9 A MASS ORGANIZATION :I* NUMB]$ ITS /R5G? 9 HUNDR$S ( ?\S&S1 ! #a1 OR SO ,F,A,I AFFILIATES C\LD H>DLY HAVE APPE>$ TO PRES5T MU* ( A ?REAT4 

,P]HAPS ,PE/ANA HOP$ ?AT BY =MALIZ+ ! RELATION%IP & MAPP+ \T ! B\ND>IES BETWE5 ! TWO ORGANIZATIONS FRICTION C\LD BE R$UC$4 ,!RE ALSO APPE>S TO HAVE BE5 SOME CONFUSION AS TO ! COMPOSITION & JURISDICTION ( !SE COMMITTEES4 ,ACCORD+ TO ,ALEX&] ,S*APIRO1 ! M9UTES ( ! ,PL5UM DO NOT REF] TO REGIONAL OR LOCAL COMMITTEES1 ONLY TO A ,NATIONAL ,PRISON]S' ,AID ,COMMITTEE4 .<#f#i.> 

,:ILE ! DICTATOR%IP WAS DRAW+ UNEASILY TO A CLOSE1 AT ! SAME TIME AN>*I/ RANK-&-FILE DISCONT5T ) ! ATTITUDE ( ! ,C,N,T LEAD]%IP OV] ! QUE/ION ( COLLABORATION ) POLITICAL & /ATI/ BODIES BECAME 9CREAS+LY ACUTE4 ,PE/ANA & HIS UNIONI/ COLLEAGUES HAD ALMO/ COMPLET$ ! PROCESS ( TRANS=M+ ! ,NATIONAL ,COMMITTEE ( ! ,C,N,T 9TO A BODY ) A LIFE & PURPOSE ( ITS [N & VIEWS V]Y DIFF]5T FROM ! REVOLUTION>Y OBJECTIVES ( ! ,CONF$]ATION4 

,IT W\LD BE WRONG TO >GUE ?AT ,PE/ANA ACT$ AS HE DID \T ( TREA*]Y1 OPPORTUNISM1 HYPOCRISY OR ?AT HE HAD 9 SOME WAY LO/ HIS MORAL S5SE4 ,!RE CAN BE LITTLE D\BT HE DID :AT HE DID \T ( A S5SE ( OBLIGATION & DUTY4 ,PE/ANA HAD COME TO BELIEVE ?AT AN>*ISM WAS COMPATIBLE ) CAPITALISM & /ATISM4 

,H[ HAD ! REVOLUTION>Y AN>*I/ ( ! #a#i#aS BE5 ABLE TO CROSS ! UNBRIDGEABLE GULF FROM CLASS W> TO CLASS COLLABORATION & /ILL CLAIM TO BE AN AN>*I/8 

,LIKE ANYONE ELSE 9 A SIMIL> POSITION1 ,PE/ANA1 A D$ICAT$ UNION LEAD]1 PR(ESSIONALLY COMMITT$ TO REPRES5T+ :AT HE SAW AS ! BE/ 9T]E/S ( HIS MEMB]S1 HAD FALL5 PREY TO :AT ,ROB]T ,MI*ELS HAS DESCRIB$ AS ,! ,IRON ,LAW ( ,OLIG>*Y3  
  

',IT IS ORGANIZATION :I* GIVES BIR? TO ! DOM9ION ( ! ELECT$ OV] ! ELECTORS1 ( ! M&ATORIES OV] ! M&ATORS1 ( ! DELEGATES OV] ! DELEGATORS4 ,:O SAYS ORGANIZATION SAYS OLIG>*Y4' .<#g.>  
  

,BUREAUCRATIC CONS]VATISM1 9H]5T 9 ALL =MAL REPRES5TATIVE ORGANIZATIONS1 RE9=C$ BY ! DI/ORT+ EFFECTS ( ! YE>S ( CL&E/9ITY1 HAD F9ALLY TAK5 ITS TOLL4 ,PE/ANA'S MORAL & LOGICAL S5SES HAD ACQUIR$ A RADICALLY DIFF]5T FOCUS4 ,HE NO LONG] SAW HIMSELF AS AN 9DIVIDUAL MORALLY ACC\NTABLE EI!R TO HIS [N E?ICAL Y>D/ICK OR TO ! 'IDEALI/IC' DEM&S ( ! BASE ( A DEMOCRATIC ORGANIZATION :OSE CONTRADICTIONS W]E BECOM+ 9CREAS+LY APP>5T3 DEM&+ ON ! ONE H& PIECEMEAL IMPROVEM5TS & ON ! O!R IMM$IATE SOCIAL REVOLUTION4 

,! IDEALS ?AT HAD ORIG9ALLY 9SPIR$ HIM HAD N[ BECOME AN OB/ACLE TO ! REALIZATION ( HIS 5DS4 ,HE N[ REG>D$ HIMSELF AS ! AG5T ( AN ORD]$1 ORGANIC :OLE1 ( 'BUILD+ ! NEW SOCIETY )9 ! %ELL ( ! OLD' - ! OLD SOCIALI/ & REVOLUTION>Y SYNDICALI/ DREAM1 :OSE SURVIVAL & GR[? TOOK PREC$5CE OV] EV]Y?+ ELSE1 9CLUD+ HIS [N PR9CIPLES &1 IF NECESS>Y1 ! WI%ES ( ! /RUCTURE'S CON/ITU5T P>TS1 ! AUTONOM\S 9DU/RIAL UNIONS4 

,MIKHAIL ,BAKUN91 AN A/UTE OBS]V] ( HUMAN NATURE & POLITICS1 HAD W>N$ ( ! 9EVITABILITY ( ?IS \TCOME :5 AN>*I/S W]E S$UC$ 9TO BELIEV+ !IR IDEAS W]E COMPATIBLE ) /ATI/ & P>TY-POLITICAL ACTIVITY3  
  

',?IS EXPLA9S H[ & :Y M5 :O W]E ONCE ! R$DE/ DEMOCRATS1 ! MO/ VOCIF]\S RADICALS1 ONCE 9 P[] BECOME ! MO/ MOD]ATE CONS]VATIVES4 ,SU* TURNAB\TS >E USUALLY & MI/AK5LY REG>D$ AS A K9D ( TREASON4 ,!IR PR9CIPAL CAUSE IS ! 9EVITABLE *ANGE ( POSITION & P]SPECTIVE4'  
  

,N\RI%$ BY ! TACTICAL COLLABORATION ) POLITICAL & MILIT>Y GR\PS = ! PURPOSE ( OV]?R[+ ! DICTATOR%IP1 SOME?+ ?AT MANY SECTIONS ( ! ,C,N,T HAD BE5 9VOLV$ 9 S9CE #a#i#b#c2 AS 9DE$ HAD ! ,P59SUL> ,COMMITTEE ( ! ,F,A,I S9CE #a#i#b#g1 ! SE$S ( RE=MISM BEGAN TO SPR\T DUR+ #a#i#b#h4 ,SUPPORT$ BY HIS P[] BASE1 ! ,SOLID>IDAD GR\P :I* S\<T PRECISELY ?OSE 5DS HE & HIS COLLEAGUES OBJECT$ TO 9 ! ,F,A,I1 ! WI% TO IMPOSE ITS HEGEMONY OV] ! ,C,N,T 7IT WAS ALSO TO BE ! SE$B$ ( :AT LAT] BECAME KN[N AS TRE9TISMO71 ,PE/ANA /EPP$ UP HIS CAMPAIGN TO BR+ ! ,C,N,T '9 FROM ! COLD' BY AGREE+ TO ABIDE BY ! ,CORPORATION ,LAW1 ! LEGISLATIVE BRA9*ILD ( ! DICTATOR%IP4 

,TO UNIONI/ COLLEAGUES ,PE/ANA >GU$ ?AT IT W\LD BE A SUP]FICIAL COMPROMISE1 BUT ONE ?AT W\LD P]MIT ! ,CONF$]ATION TO REORGANIZE & 5SURE A READY-MADE CONDUIT = ! WORK]S' DEM&S ONCE ! /ATE ( EM]G5CY 5D$4 ,IF !Y DID NOT RE-=M1 LEGALLY1 AS HE >GU$1 !Y W\LD BE LEFT BEH9D ONCE ! DICTATOR%IP HAD FALL51 A TIME ?AT C\LD NOT BE F> (F4 

,PE/ANA & HIS FRI5DS HAD FALL5 PREY TO ! IMP]IALI/ OBSESSION TO E/ABLI% AN ABSOLUTE MAJORITY POSITION )9 ! ,SPANI% LABOR MOVEM5T4 ,= ,PE/ANA1 ! /RUGGLE HAD CEAS$ TO BE A MATT] ( PR9CIPLES1 NOR WAS IT ONE ( COMPETITION ) ,L>GO ,CABALL]O1 ! ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY LEAD]4 ,:AT CONC]N$ HIM MO/ WAS ?AT ! ,C,N,T W\LD LOSE ITS ASC5DANCY OV] ! WORK]S & LEAVE ! SOCIALI/ ,U,G,T ) ALL ! ADVANTAGES4 ,HE TRI$ TO REASSURE ! RANK & FILE1 PROMIS+ ?AT ! ORGANIZATION'S AN>*O-SYNDICALI/ VALUES & PR9CIPLES 7I4E4 ?OSE ( A DIRECTLY DEMOCRATIC UNION1 BAS$ ON ! WORKPLACE1 AIM+ AT WORK]S' CONTROL7 W\LD BE RETA9$ & N\RI%$ )9 A P>ALLEL1 CL&E/9E ORGANIZATION4 

,PE/ANA1 H[EV]1 WAS SAY+ SOME?+ QUITE DIFF]5T TO ! AU?ORITIES4 ,9 SECRET DISCUSSIONS ) ,G5]AL ,MOLA1 ! ,C,N,T LEAD] CLE>LY GAVE ! DIRECTOR G5]AL ( SECURITY TO UND]/& ?AT 9 SPITE ( ! RHETORIC1 ! OBJECTIVES ( ! ,C,N,T W]E NOT ?OSE EXPRESS$ BY ! AN>*I/ RANK & FILE4 ,PE/ANA S\<T TO REASSURE ,MOLA ?AT P[] DID NOT 9T]E/ ! ,CONF$]ATION & ?AT IT W\LD LOOK ) GREAT] SYMPA?Y ON ! REGIME ?AT MO/ CLOSELY APPROXIMAT$ ITS IDEAL4 ,IF LEGALIZ$ ! UNION W\LD CONF9E ITS ACTIVITIES TO PURE SOCIAL & ECONOMIC DEM&S SU* AS SEEK+ BETT] PAY & IMPROV$ WORK+ CONDITIONS4 ,MOLA RECALL$3  
  

',9 SO F> AS !IR ASPIRATIONS W]E CONC]N$1 !Y W]E SIMPLY NONE O!R ?AN A*IEV+ = ! WORK+ CLASS ?OSE LEGAL RI<TS :I* W]E DUE TO !M AS PRODUC]S444 APPLY+ CON/ANT PRESSURE TO PROGRESS1 LITTLE BY LITTLE4'  
  

,IT WAS ASSURANCES FROM UNION LEAD]S LIKE ,PE/ANA :I* ALL[$ ,MOLA TO /ATE ) SEEM+ CONFID5CE ?AT ! TRADE UNION BUREAUCRACY C\LD BE RELI$ ON TO KEEP ! RANK & FILE \T ( MILITANT ACTION1 AL?\< IT MU/ BE ADD$ ?AT HE D\BT$ !IR ABILITY TO DO SO4 .<#g#a.> 

,! R5EW$ PRESSURE FROM ! NATIONAL LEAD]%IP TO ACCEPT LEGALIZATION1 A MOVE CLE>LY TO ! DETRIM5T ( ANTI-/ATI/ & SOCIAL- REVOLUTION>Y PR9CIPLES1 REAWAK5$ ! COMBATIVE SPIRIT ( ! 'CONSCI\S M9ORITY' :O CON/ITUT$ ! AN>*I/ HE>T ( ! ,C,N,T4 

,AL?\< !Y W]E A M9ORITY 9 ! UNION1 ! AN>*I/S EX]T$ A P[]FUL MORAL 9FLU5CE ON ! MASS ( ! MEMB]%IP :O1 AS ,SALVADOR ,CANO PO9TS \T3 'ID5TIFI$ ) ! IDEAS ( ! ,F,A,I1 & ! MAJORITY ( ! CONF$]AL MILITANCY RESPOND$ TO ! AN>*I/ SPIRIT4' .<#g#b.> 

,! MOVEM5T WAS ALSO 9VIGORAT$ BY ! EM]G5CE ( MORE DYNAMIC ELEM5TS ( A Y\NG] G5]ATION ( UNION MILITANTS4 ,!SE Y\NG M5 HAD S]V$ !IR REVOLUTION>Y APPR5TICE%IPS DEF5D+ !IR CLASS 9T]E/S NOT ONLY 9 ! FACTORIES1 BUT ALSO ON ! /REETS :]E !Y /OOD AGA9/ ! GUNM5 7PI/OL]OS7 S5T \T TO %OOT !M D[N BY 9TRANSIG5T EMPLOY]S' & GOV]NM5T AG5CIES4 

,= !M ! EM]G5CE ( ! ,F,A,I ) ITS REAFFIRMATION ( FUNDAM5TAL AN>*I/ PR9CIPLES REFLECT$ ! SPIRIT ( ! AGE2 IT ALSO PROVID$ A CONV5I5T BANN] >\ND :I* !Y C\LD RALLY ! BROAD MASS ( CONF$]AL UNIONI/S TO ! DEF5SE ( ?OSE PR9CIPLES4 ,FAC$ ) A RADICAL GR\NDSWELL BY ! RANK & FILE & ANXI\S TO DEF5D ! UNION ORGANIZATION AT ANY CO/ FROM :AT !Y SAW AS ! DISA/R\S CONSEQU5CES ( UPHOLD+ REVOLUTION>Y !ORY & PRACTICE1 ,PE/ANA & HIS COLLEAGUES BEGAN TO PULL \T ALL ! /OPS 9 ORD] TO NEUTRALIZE RESURG5T AN>*I/ 9FLU5CE )9 ! ,C,N,T4 ,UND] PRESSURE FROM ! ,C,N,T MEMB]S RA!R ?AN ITS [N 9ITIATIVE1 ! ,F,A,I GRADUALLY BECAME ! 9/RUM5T & FOCUS = OPPOSITION TO ! LEGALIT>IAN UNION FACTION ?AT DOM9AT$ ! ,NATIONAL ,COMMITTEE4 

,ONE SOLUTION ! ,SOLID>IDAD GR\P CAME UP ) WAS TO SET UP !IR [N ANSW] TO ! ,F,A,I1 ! SO-CALL$ ,UNION ( ,MILITANTS1 & AN ORGANIZATION ?AT W\LD COMPETE ) ! ,F,A,I = 9FLU5CE )9 ! ,C,N,T4 ,JOAN ,PEIRO1 A MEMB] ( BO? ! ,F,A,I & ! ,SOLID>IDAD GR\P1 ATTEMPT$ TO M$IATE BETWE5 ! TWO FACTIONS )9 ! ,C,N,T1 BUT ! IDEOLOGICAL GULF :I* SEP>AT$ !M WAS BY N[ UNBRIDGEABLE & GR[+ WID] BY ! DAY4 

,PE/ANA HAD ATTEMPT$ TO =CE ?IS ISSUE TO A HEAD 9 ,APRIL #aibh ) A S]IES ( >TICLES 9 ! ,VIGO ,C,N,T PAP] ,DESP]TAD6 ,UND] ! HEAD+ ',SITUEMONOS6' 7,:]E ,WE ,/&67 HE HAD CALL$ ON ! BASE ( ! ,C,N,T TO RECONSID] ITS POSITION4 ,! UNIONS1 HE URG$1 %\LD BE FREE TO ADAPT ITSELF 'TO ACCOMMODATE ALL MANN] ( PR9CIPLES'4 ,!Y W]E NOT TOOLS ?AT1 9 ! H&S ( ! AN>*I/ GR\PS1 W\LD P]MIT !M TO IMPOSE !IR VALUES ON ! MAJORITY4 

,HE ALSO PROPOS$ ?AT ! WORK]S %\LD BE ORGANIZ$ BY PR(ESSION RA!R ?AN ?R\< ! F$]ALLY /RUCTUR$ & AUTONOM\S 9DU/RIAL UNIONS4 ,?IS FUNDAM5TAL /RUCTURAL *ANGE 9 ! ORGANIZATION1 IF ACCEPT$1 W\LD CLE>LY HAVE /R5G!N$ ! 9FLU5CE ( ! HI<] COMMITTEES AT ! EXP5SE ( ! MEMB]%IP4 ,9 EFFECT1 :AT ,PE/ANA WAS PROPOS+ WAS1 9 AN>*I/ T]MS1 NO?+ %ORT ( DEG5]ATE4 ,IT WAS A CLASSICAL PIECE ( POLITICAL SOPHI/RY1 AIM$ TO DIVIDE1 DISEMP[]1 & DELAY1 SIMIL> TO ?AT :I* EM]G$ DUR+ ! ,BRITI% M9]S' /RIKE ( #a#i#h#d-#h#e1 9 ! =M ( ! DEM& BY POLITICIANS ( ALL MAJOR POLITICAL P>TIES = ! BALLOT+ ( ! 9DIVIDUAL UNION MEMB]S 9/EAD IF ! AGE-OLD PRACTICE ( REA*+ COLLECTIVE DECISIONS 9 ! WORKPLACE G5]AL ASSEMBLY1 :]E >E GA!R$ ALL TRADES & SKILLS1 BY OP5 VOT+ AFT] FULL DEBATE1 ) DECISIONS IMM$IATELY B9D+ VOT+1 9 PO9T ( FACT1 AS MEMB]S ( P>LIAM5TS DO1 IF P>LIAM5TS CAN BY ANY /RET* BE CALL$ 'WORKPLACES'4 ,:ILE CLAIM+ TO DEF5D DEMOCRATIC VALUES BY 'GIV+ ! UNIONS BACK TO !IR MEMB]S'1 ! AU?ORS ( SU* PROPOSALS ACTUALLY SEEK TO DE/ROY ! CLASS CONT5T ( ! UNIONS & !IR ORGANIC FUNCTION & /RUCTURE1 MAK+ !M LITTLE MORE ?AN C(F9 CLUBS4 

,TO ,JOAN ,PEIRO 7:OSE [N POSITION1 BELONG+ AS HE DID TO BO? ORGANIZATIONS1 WAS1 TO SAY ! LEA/1 AMBIVAL5T71 ,PE/ANA'S MANEUV]+ WAS AN \TRI<T P]V]SION & BETRAYAL ( ! PR9CIPLES ( ! ,C,N,T4 ,HE VIGOR\SLY D5\NC$ HIS ]/:ILE COMRADE'S PROPOSALS 9 ,ACCION ,SOCIAL ,OBR]A AS 'DEVIATIONI/'1 CLASS COLLABORATIONI/ & LEAD+1 ULTIMATELY1 TO A LEGALLY TAM$ UNION3  
  

',9 06,SITUEMONOS60 WE HAVE EXAM9$ ! HA/Y ASS]TION ?AT 0! ,CONF$]ATION0 IS ITS CONT5T1 NOT A 0CONTA9]0 .<I4E4 ?AT ! ,C,N,T %\LD BE IDEOLOGICALLY NEUTRAL - ,AU?OR.>1 :I* MEANS TO SAY ?AT ! ,C,N,T IS NOT ! EXPRESSION ( 5DUR+ PR9CIPLES BUT CAN ADAPT ITSELF TO ALL MANN] ( PRECEPTS H[EV] RE=MI/ !SE MAY BE4 ,?IS1 ( ITSELF1 IS TANTAM\NT TO CLAIM+ ?AT 0PR9CIPLES >E MADE BY M50 7IS !RE ANYONE :O BELIEVES !M TO BE ,GOD'S WORK87 & ?AT 0M5 HAVE IT 9 !IR P[] TO *ANGE !M01 & SO ON4 ,NO4 ,LET ME TELL COMRADE ,SALTOR & ALL ! ,PE/ANAS ?AT MAY HAVE BE5 OR >E YET TO COME ?AT1 YES1 ! ,C,N,T'S PR9CIPLES >E SUSCEPTIBLE TO *ANGE & ADJU/M5T 9S(> AS !Y AFFECT ! PROCESS ( ECONOMIC1 POLITICAL & SOCIAL *ANGE 7TO SOME EFFECT & ) 9ELUCTABLE IMP]ATIVES71 BUT ?AT ! ,C,N,T HAS C]TA9 BASIC PRECEPTS :OSE ESS5TIAL & 5DUR+ NATURE CANNOT BE =SWORN4 

',! CONF$]AL CONGRESSES CAN *ANGE ALL ( ! PR9CIPLES ( ! ,C,N,T %\LD !Y DEEM SU* AM5DM5T NECESS>Y4 ,:AT NO CONGRESS MAY DO1 MU* LESS ANY MAN1 NO MATT] H[ WELL 5D[$ ) A 0GRASP ( REALITY0 & A 0PRACTICAL M5TALITY01 IS R5\NCE ! PR9CIPLES :I* >E ! ,C,N,T'S ESS5TIAL PREMISE1 ITS F\NDATION1 & RAISON D'ETRE444 ITS ANTI-P>LIAM5T>ISM & DIRECT ACTION4 

',:AT ,I HAVE BE5 SAY+ AM\NTS TO A DECL>ATION ?AT1 W]E IT POSSIBLE TO SPEAK FREELY TODAY AT A REGUL> CONGRESS1 !N EV]Y?+ AM5ABLE W\LD BE AM5D$444 BUT ! ,C,N,T'S TWO BASIC & 9TANGIBLE PR9CIPLES -- DIRECT ACTION & ANTI-P>LIAM5T>ISM -- W\LD REMA94 ,O!RWISE ! ,C,N,T W\LD LOSE ITS RAISON D'ETRE4 ,& :AT ,I AM DEF5D+ H]E IS NO?+ MORE ?AN ?AT :I* GIVES ! ,C,N,T ITS RAISON D'ETRE4'.<#g#c.>  
  

,! ,F,A,I 5T]S ! DEBATE 

,9 SPITE ( ! (T-REPEAT$ *>GES ?AT ! ,F,A,I PROVOK$ ! SPLIT )9 ! ,C,N,T1 ! TRU? ( ! MATT] IS ?AT IT DID NOT 5T] ! DEBATE BETWE5 ! UNIONI/ & AN>*I/ W+S ( ! ,C,N,T UNTIL FAIRLY LATE 9 ! DAY4 

,ITS FIR/ PUBLIC PRON\NCEM5T ON ! SUBJECT WAS A /ATEM5T ISSU$ BY ! ,P59SUL> ,COMMITTEE 9 ,DECEMB] #a#i#b#i4 ,IT D5\NC$ AS NAIVE ! IDEA ?AT ! LABOR MOVEM5T C\LD BE IDEOLOGICALLY NEUTRAL4 ,IF ! AN>*I/S )DREW !IR 9FLU5CE FROM ! ,C,N,T1 O!R GR\PS SU* AS COMMUNI/S1 ,CA?OLICS1 OR ANY O!R P[]-SEEK+ GR\P -- 9CLUD+ ANY COMPOS$ ( ?OSE TRADE UNIONI/S :O W]E 9T]E/$ ONLY 9 PROTECTION & PROGRESS )9 ! WAGE SY/EM - W\LD QUICKLY ATTEMPT TO FILL ! VACUUM4 ,! /ATEM5T ALSO SEEMS TO SUGGE/ ! IMPLICIT ?REAT ?AT ,F,A,I MEMB]S W\LD )DRAW FROM ! ,C,N,T IF ! ,C,N,T REFUS$ TO RECOGNIZE ! ,F,A,I63  
  

',IT IS SOPHI/RY TO BELIEVE 9 ! NEUTRALITY ( ! LABOR MOVEM5T & 9 ! 9DEP5D5CE ( TRADE UNIONS 9 T]MS ( !IR IDEOLOGICAL \TLOOK & SUBV]SIVE PROPAG&A1 ESPECIALLY S9CE BY !IR V]Y NATURE AS LIB]ATORY MOVEM5TS & !IR UND5IABLE IMPLICATIONS = SOCIETY1 !Y CANNOT1 9 ANY WAY1 ESCAPE ! MORE OR LESS PREPOND]ANT 9FLU5CES ( ?OSE IDEOLOGIES :I* SEEK HEGEMONY OV] SOCIETY4 ,MORE ESPECIALLY S9CE ! 5TIRETY ( !IR MORAL & SOCIOLOGICAL CONSEQU5CES IS ! PRODUCT ( ! MO/ P[]FUL M9ORITY AT WORK )9 !IR RANKS4 ,?IS IS :Y WE F9D SO MANY LABOR MOVEM5TS ON ! 9T]NATIONAL SC5E ) CORRESPOND+ SOCIAL1 POLITICAL & RELIGI\S 9CL9ATIONS4 

',EV]Y LABOR MOVEM5T1 :ATEV] ITS NATURE1 :E!R IT BE AN IMP]ATIVE ( ! CAPITALI/1 /ATI/ SY/EM1 OR HAS ITS ORIG9S 9 A CONDITION ( POLITICAL 9F]IORITY & ECONOMIC 9EQUALITY :I* AFFLICTS ! WORK]S1 OR :E!R ITS %ORT-T]M ACTIVITY FOCUSES UPON ! PURSUIT ( MAT]IAL & MORAL IMPROVEM5TS444 CANNOT1 & %\LD NOT1 =GET ?AT1 9 ITS FIELD1 ALBEIT DISPLAY+ DIFF]5T *>ACT]I/ICS & FEATURES1 !RE >E O!R SOCIAL MOVEM5TS :I* >E ALSO /RUGGL+ T[>DS & DESIR\S (1 NOT M]ELY ! ECONOMIC BETT]M5T ( ! OPPRESS$ & HUMANIZATION ( ! LABOR :I* !SE P]=M1 BUT ALSO ( ! ABSOLUTE ]ADICATION ( ! PREVAIL+ BLI<TS & ! COMPLETE DISAPPE>ANCE ( ALL POLITICAL & ECONOMIC PRIVILEGES4 

',H5CE ! NE$ = ! ,C,N,T 7IF IT TRULY WI%ES ITS ACTIVITY TO BE TRANSC5D5TAL & DEMOLITIONI/ 9 ! MO/ COMPREH5SIVE S5SE ( ! WORDS7 TO SEEK AN ACCOMMODATION ) ?AT ORGANISM :I* SEES EYE TO EYE ) ITS TACTICAL PROC$URES & AGREES ) ITS PREMISE1 )\T !REBY -- LET US SAY IT AGA9 -- )\T !REBY LOS+ ITS PECULI> 9DEP5D5CE4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 %\LD ! ,C,N,T NOT ACCEPT ! PROPOSITION =MULAT$ BY ?IS ,SECRET>IAT1 IT IS HI<LY LIKELY ?AT IT RUNS ! RISK ( A DEVIATION GREATLY DETRIM5TAL TO ITS CAUSE ( COMPREH5SIVE RECOV]Y & ( LOS+ ?AT MORAL & REVOLUTION>Y VALUE :I* IS ITS DI/+UI%+ FEATURE UNLESS444 ?R\< ! UN/9T+ WORK ( AN>*I/S1 IT OP5LY DESCRIBES & DECL>ES ITSELF AN>*I/4' .<#g#d.>  
  

,! %>P DIFF]5CE 9 P]CEPTION BETWE5 LEAD]%IP & BASE AS TO REALIZABLE OBJECTIVES 9CREAS$ ! FRICTION )9 ! ,C,N,T4 

,PE/ANA'S PROPOSAL ?AT IT %\LD 'ADAPT TO REALITY' & =M A LAWFUL & COMPLIANT UNION ORGANIZATION1 AB&ON+ ! UNDILUT$ REVOLUTION>Y PR9CIPLES ( ! ,C,N,T 9 ! PROCESS1 EVOK$ SU* 9T5SE FEEL+ ?AT ,PE/ANA WAS OBLIG$ TO RESIGN AS SECRET>Y ( ! ,NATIONAL ,COMMITTEE ( ! ,C,N,T 7AL?\< HE DID REMA9 A MEMB] ( ! ,N,C74 ,HE PUBLICLY D5\NC$ ! UNION AS BE+ ORGANIZATIONALLY DEFUNCT & DEVOID ( MEMB]S4 ,EV5TS W]E SOON TO PROVE HIM WRONG4 

,! ,PRIMO DE ,RIV]A DICTATOR%IP F9ALLY COLLAPS$ AT ! 5D ( #a#i#b#i4 ,ALFONSO ,X,I,I,I APPO9T$ ,G5]AL ,B]5GU] AS PREMI] & PROMIS$ ELECTIONS BUT ! WORK+ CLASS & ! B\RGEOISIE S5S$ ! WEAKNESS ( ! OLD REGIME & BEGAN TO PRESS ON = ! F9AL CONFRONTATION4 

,ON ! ECONOMIC FRONT ! VALUE ( ! PESETA HAD DROPP$ TO ALMO/ UNHE>D-( LEVELS4 ,AS UNRE/ GREW AMONG ! PR(ESSIONAL CLASSES & ! COMM]CIAL & MANUFACTUR+ B\RGEOISIE1 SO TOO DID ! NUMB] ( /RIKES & DI/URBANCES AMONG ! WORK]S4 ,! ,C,N,T1 DISMISS$ ! PREVI\S YE> BY ITS [N LEAD] ,ANGEL ,PE/ANA AS 'AN EMPTY %ELL'1 ]UPT$ BACK ON ! SC5E ) R5EW$ VIGOR & VITALITY4 ,MEMB]%IP SO>$ TO #h14 ,AN>*I/ NEWSPAP]S ONCE AGA9 BEGAN TO CIRCULATE OP5LY ON ! /REETS4 

,IT C\LD BE >GU$ ?AT FROM LATE #aibi ! G5]AL P]CEPTION ( ! ,F,A,I WAS AS MU* A HYBRID CREAT$ BY ! B\RGEOIS PRESS1 DECLASSE FREELANCE 9TELLECTUALS SU* AS ,DIEGO ,ABAD DE ,SANTILLAN1 & ! RE=MI/S1 AS IT WAS ANY REFLECTION ( ! WORDS & ACTIONS ( A COLLECTION ( MILITANTS4 ,! CAPITALI/ PRESS1 REFLECT+ ! UNEASE FELT BY ! B\RGEOISIE AT GR[+ WORK+-CLASS MILITANCY & !IR D\BTS AS TO ! ABILITY ( ! UNION LEAD]S TO CONTROL ! RANK & FILE1 FELL UPON ! ,F,A,I1 AS ,SANTILLAN NOTES1 AS '! SCAPEGOAT = ALL SORTS ( ACCUSATIONS & 9SULTS'4 .<#g#e.> 

,NO?+ C\LD HAVE BE5 FUR!R FROM ! TRU?4 ,BETWE5 #aibg & #aic ! ,F,A,I HAD ONLY A NOM9AL EXI/5CE4 ,ITS ACTIVITIES1 9 ! MA91 HAD CONC5TRAT$ ON ANTI-CL]ICAL & FREE-?\<T PROPAG&A & PROVID+ A DI/RIBUTION NETWORK = ! CL&E/9E AN>*I/ PRESS4 

,ONLY AFT] ,JUAN ,MANUEL ,MOL9A RETURN$ FROM EXILE 9 ,BRUSSELS TO TAKE OV] AS P59SUL> SECRET>Y ( ! ,F,A,I FROM ,JOSE ,ELIZALDE.<#g#f.> DID ! ORGANIZATION BEG9 TO EXP]I5CE GR[? & LIVE UP TO ITS REPUTATION AS ! VOICE ( REVOLUTION>Y AN>*ISM4 ,MOL9A'S COLLEAGUES ON ! ,P59SUL> ,COMMITTEE 9CLUD$ ,M]9O2 AN ,>AGONESE MILITANT1 ,PORTULA2 FROM ,B>CELONA1 ,LUZBEL ,RUIZ2 & ! ,&ALUCIAN_/,PORTUGUESE MILITANT ,RIC>DO ,P5A4 .<#g#g.> 

,MOL9A DESCRIB$ ! /ATE ( ! ,F,A,I :5 HE TOOK OV] AS 'UNSATISFACTORY'3  
  

',:5 ,I >RIV$ 9 ,B>CELONA FROM EXILE 9 ! E>LY WEEKS ( #a#i#c1 ! ,F,A,I DID NOT AM\NT TO MU*444 ,:5 ,I WAS APPO9T$ SECRET>Y ( ! ,P59SUL> ,COMMITTEE IT DID NOT EV5 POSSESS A TYPEWRIT] OR ANY?+4 ,! ANCI5T MA*9E ( ! ,F$]ATION ( ,SPANI% ,SPEAK+ ,GR\PS 9 ,FRANCE .<( :I* HE HAD PREVI\SLY BE5 SECRET>Y.>1 :I* HAD VIRTUALLY BE5 DISMANTL$1 PLUS AN UP TO DATE DUPLICATOR :I* ,I B\<T1 W]E ! TOOLS ) :I* WE BEGAN ! M>* ( ! ,F,A,I4' .<#g#h.>  
  

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,JANU>Y #d1 #bba 3 ,*APT] #i -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #a#f1 #bbb 3 ,*APT] #i -- ,UPDAT$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/