,:AT #ahhg ,HAS ,DONE 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,WILLIAM ,MORRIS 

,TEXT 3 

,S\RCE3 0,:AT #ahhg ,HAS ,DONE0 ,COMMONWEAL1 ,VOL #d1 ,NO4 #a#d1 #g ,JANU>Y #a#h#h#h1 P4#d-#e2 
,TRANSCRIB$3 BY ,T$ ,CRAW=D4 

,! YE> #ahhg IS COME TO AN 5D1 A YE> 9 MANY RESPECTS EV5TFUL2 :AT WILL IT BE *IEFLY KN[N BY 9 ! FUTURE1 :5 IT HAS BECOME M]E HI/ORY8 ,TO SOME IT WILL BE ! JUBILEE YE>2 TO SOME ! C5TRAL YE> ( ! GREAT ,TORY ASC5DANCY2 TO SOME1 IT MAY BE1 = A LITTLE :ILE1 ! LA/ ( ! ?OR\<LY BAD YE>S ( ! DEPRESSION ( TRADE4 ,YET AGA9 IT MAY BE KN[N H]EAFT] AS ! LA/ YE> ( ! ,EUROPEAN >M$ TRUCE2 & TO O!RS IT WILL BE REMEMB]$ AS ! GREAT YE> ( ,CO]CION4 ,:I* WILL IT BE8 ,ANO!R QUE/ION CAN BE \R ONLY ANSW]4 ,IS \R FUTURE TO BE ?AT ( PATI5T SLAVES BE>+ !IR H>D LOT APA!TICALLY1 & IDLE & VACANT LORDS :O LIVE BY !IR LABOR1 ) NO ?\<T BUT = ! FOLLIES & TOYS ) :I* !Y KILL ! DRAGG+ & UNHAPPY H\RS ( !IR DULL LIVES8 ,IS ! KN[L$GE ( ! WORLD /ILL TO BR+ US DEGRADATION1 ITS WEAL? MIS]Y1 ITS P[] SLAV]Y8 ,IF ?AT IS TO BE SO LET US REMEMB] ! PA/ YE> AS ! YE> ( ! ,QUE5'S JUBILEE1 & BE MILDLY SATISFI$ AT ! ?\<T ( ! HUNDR$S ( ?\S&S ( SLAVES & SLAVE HOLD]S :O TURN$ \T 9TO ! /REETS TO WITNESS ! SYMBOLIC PROCESSION ( ! TRIUMPH ( ,(FICIAL ,DI%ONE/Y1 & LET US NOTE ! YE> AS ! FIR/ ( A NEW EPO* ( ',RESOLUTE ,GOV]NM5T'1 ! RULE ( TYRANN\S FOOLS & P$ANTS OV] HELPLESS & UN?9K+ C[>DS4 ,BUT IF1 ON ! O!R H&1 \R FUTURE IS TO BE ! /RUGGLE ( SLAVES TO FREE !MSELVES1 H[EV] 9T]MITT5T IT MAY BE2 AL?\< ?AT /RUGGLE BE IRRESOLUTE & UNORGANIZ$1 AT :ILES TIMID1 AT :ILES RA% -- AS1 ALAS6 ! REBELLION ( SLAVES IS BUT TOO APT TO BE1 -- IF REBELLION BE \R FUTURE1 !N WE MU/ LOOK BACK AT ! PA/ YE> ) HOPE AS ONE ( ! NOTEWOR?Y L&M>KS ON ! ROAD TO REVOLUTION4 

,LET US BRIEFLY REVIEW ! EV5TS ( #a#h#h#g1 !N1 & SEE :E!R ANY?+ 9 !M PO9TS TO ! CONCLUSION ?AT WE %ALL BE DRIV5 TO =GET \R HOPES1 & ACCEPT ! PROSPECT ( ! IMM$IATE FUTURE AS ONE ( APA?Y & DESPAIR4 

,FROM ! 'POLITICAL' PO9T ( VIEW ! ,IRI% ,QUE/ION HAS BE5 ! ONLY ONE ( ! PA/ YE>2 & NO D\BT !RE WILL BE MANY 9 !SE LA/ DAYS ( #ahhg :O WILL BO? SAY & ?9K ?AT ! ,IRI% >E FUR!R FROM REA*+ !IR GOAL ?AN EV]2 ?AT ,RESOLUTE ,GOV]NM5T WILL KEEP ! EXCITEM5T UND] TILL FROM %E] WE>9ESS & DESPAIR PEOPLE YIELD1 & SIT /ILL 9 SULL5 DISCONT5T1 & ?AT ! HOPES ( ! ,HOME ,RUL]S1 :I* W]E BRI<T5+ 9 ! E>LY P>T ( ! YE>1 >E N[ CL\D$ OV]4 ,?IS OP9ION IS NOT )\T SOME F\NDATION 9 REASON1 & W\LD BE AMPLY JU/IFI$ IF ! ONLY PO9T 9 ! ,IRI% ,QUE/ION W]E ! E/ABLI%M5T ( AN ,IRI% ,P>LIAM5T 9 ,DUBL9 ) MORE OR LESS REAL AU?ORITY OV] ! ,IRI% PEOPLE2 BUT1 AS HAS (T5 BE5 PO9T$ \T 9 !SE COLUMNS1 ! QUE/ION GOES MU* DEEP] ?AN ?AT1 & NECESSITY WILL COMPEL EI!R OR BO? ! POLITICAL P>TIES TO ACT 9 A WAY MORE OR LESS EVOLUTION>Y1 & TO DO SOME ?+S :I* ! ,DUBL9 P>LIAM5T IF E/ABLI%$ W\LD HAVE TO DO4 ,= ! QUE/ION RE/S ON ! LIVELIHOOD ( ! ,IRI% PEASANTS1 & :E!R !IR L&LORDS %\LD BE ALL[$ = EV] TO SQUEEZE !IR 9COMES 9 ! %ABBIE/ POSSIBLE MANN] \T ( ! POV]TY ( !SE POOR PEOPLE1 SO ?AT %ELV+ ! QUE/ION IS IMPOSSIBLE2 NOR IS IT ( ANY MOM5T TO ,SOCIALI/S OR S5SIBLE PEOPLE :I* ( ! TWO P>TIES 9 ! GAME ( POLITICS GIVES WAY & YIELDS SOME PRACTICAL MEASURE ( HOME RULE AS A /EP T[>DS ! ATTEMPT TO DEAL ) ! QUE/ION4 ,BETWE5 A 'DI%+' ,TORY MEASURE & A COMPROMIZ+ ,GLAD/ONIAN ONE !RE WILL BE LITTLE IF ANY DIFF]5CE4 

,MEAN:ILE ! ,TORIES1 9 FOLL[+ \T !IR NATURAL C\RSE ( UPHOLD+ ! %ABBY L&LORD TYRANNY 9 ,IREL&1 HAVE PASS$ ! ,CO]CION ,BILL USUAL 9 DEAL+S ) ?AT C\NTRY4 ,UND] ORD9>Y CIRCUM/ANCES SU* A MEASURE W\LD HAVE RECEIV$ LITTLE NOTICE 9 ,5GL&2 BUT ) ! PRES5T REVOLUTION>Y FEEL+ ?AT IS 9 ! AIR1 ITS RESULTS HAVE BE5 MU* MORE TELL+ ?AN ! RESULTS ( SU* MEASURES >E US$ TO BE4 ,AL?\< ! ,GLAD/ONIANS RESI/$ IT FEEBLY 5\< 9 ,P>LIAM5T1 & NO DET]M9$ PROTE/ WAS MADE AGA9/ IT EXCEPT BY ! ,SOCIALI/S & EXTREME ,RADICALS1 YET ! C>RY+ \T ( ITS PROVISIONS 9 ,IREL& ITSELF HAVE AS IT W]E RAIS$ AL(T ! SUFF]+S ( ! POOR AS A BANN] = ALL REVOLUTION>Y-M9D$ PEOPLE TO RALLY TO4 ,! IMPRISONM5T ( ,IRI% MEMB]S & ! ,LORD ,MAYOR ( ,DUBL91 & ! >RE/ ( ,MR ,BLUNT1 M]ELY AS A PIECE ( >BITR>Y HI<H&$NESS1 & ! QUA%+ ( ! CASE AGA9/ ! POLICE MURD]]S AT ,MIT*EL/[N1 HAVE =C$ ! DULLE/ TO SEE ?AT ,IREL& IS 9 REBELLION AGA9/ ! ,GOV]NM5T1 NOT ! PEOPLE1 ( ,5GL&2 & IF ANYONE GOES FUR!R TO SEEK ! CAUSE = ! REBELLION1 HE CANNOT FAIL TO F9D \T ?AT IT IS ) ! ,IRI% L&LORD1 AS ) ! ,FR5* SEIGNEUR BE=E ! ,REVOLUTION1 ACCORD+ TO ,C>LYLE'S EPIGRAM3 ,! WID[ IS GA!R+ ?REE NETTLES = H]SELF & H] *ILDR51 & TWO \T ( EV]Y ?REE %E HAS .<TO.> YIELD UP TO ! LORD AS R5T4 ,IS IT TOO MU* TO HOPE ?AT ! 5QUIR] :O HAS ?US GOT TO ! BOTTOM ( ! ,IRI% QUE/ION WILL FOLL[ ! 9QUIRY UP AS TO ! CONDITION ( ! WORKMAN ?R\<\T CIVILIZATION1 & WILL GET TO KN[ ! MEAN+ ( R5T1 PR(IT1 & 9T]E/1 & ! WAY 9 :I* ! PROPRIET>Y CLASS WORK !M8 ,?US ! ,IRI% QUE/ION WILL $UCATE MANY 9 REVOLUTION1 & ! EV5TS ( #ahhg WILL C]TA9LY HELP ON HIS $UCATION 9 ?IS DIRECTION4 

,!RE IS ANO!R S]IES ( EV5TS 9 :I* ! PA/ YE> HAS BE5 RI*1 :I* MU/ BE LUMP$ TOGE!R AS 9T]F]5CE ) ! RI<T ( PUBLIC MEET+4 ,9 ! BEG9N+ ( ! YE> !SE EV5TS SEEM$ TO MO/ PEOPLE TO BE ( LITTLE IMPORTANCE EXCEPT TO ! SMALL BODY ( M5 AGA9/ :OM !Y W]E IMM$IATELY DIRECT$ -- ! ,SOCIALI/S1 TO WIT2 & !Y HAVE BE5 = YE>S ACCU/OM$ TO HAVE !IR MEET+S ATTACK$ BY ! POLICE ON ! SPECI\S GR\NDS ( PUBLIC CONV5I5CE4 ,BUT ! SPECIAL PO9T ( ALL ! ATTACKS MADE ON US ?IS YE> HAD BE5 !IR OBVI\S MALIGNITY & V9DICTIV5ESS1 %[N BY ! S5T5CES ON ! M5 :O FELL 9TO ! P[] ( ! AU?ORITIES4 ,! GAME BEGAN ) JU/ICE ,GRAN?AM'S S5T5CE ON \R COMRADES ,H5D]SON & ,NORWI*1 9 :I*1 AS USUAL 9 SU* CASES1 ! JUDGE MADE HIMSELF AN ADVOCATE = ! PROSECUTION4 ,! CAME ! S5T5CES ON ! MEMB]S ( ! ,S,D,F & O!R M5 7NOT ,SOCIALI/S7 :O GOT 5TANGL$ 9 ! POLICE-MANUFACTUR$ RIOT AT ! GATES ( ,HYDE ,P>K 9 ,M>*4 ,AT ?IS ! G5]AL PUBLIC KICK$ SOME:AT1 & ! MAGI/RATES S5T5CES W]E IMPOSSIBLE TO BE :OLLY UPHELD ON APPEAL4 ,BUT AS ! DAYS W\ND R\ND TO ! AUTUMN1 & IT BECAME CLE> ?AT WE W]E TO HAVE ! USUAL UNEMPLOY$ DEMON/RATION 9 GREAT] =CE ?AN EV]1 ! RESPECTABLE CLASSES TOOK ! AL>M1 & ! POLICE W]E SET ON TO MAKE ! ATTACKS ON PEACEABLE CITIZ5S :O HAD COMMITT$ ! CRIME ( BE+ POOR1 :I* CULM9AT$ 9 ! %AMEFUL DAY ( ,NOVEMB] #a#c?1 & ! /ILL MORE %AMEFUL SC5ES 9 ! POLICE & LAW C\RTS :I* FOLL[$ IT4 ,?IS TIME ! ,SOCIALI/S F\ND !MSELVES 9 ALLIANCE ) ! EXTREME ,RADICALS1 AS 9 ! AFFAIR ( ,DOD ,/REET4 ,BUT ! ALLIES W]E DES]T$ BY EV]YBODY ELSE1 EV5 BY ! ,IRI% P>TY 7) ! S+LE EXCEPTION1 AS F> AS ,I KN[1 ( ,MI*AEL ,DAVITT71 AL?\< !Y >E SUFF]+ FROM ! SAME TYRANNY !MSELVES4 ,9 FACT ?IS TIME ! AFFAIR1 AS F> AS IT HAS GONE1 HAS BE5 AN OM9\S FLA% FROM ! SMOLD]+ VOLCANO ( CLASS W> :I* UND]LIES MOD]N %AM-SOCIETY4 ,?IS HAS BE5 SO WELL FELT ?AT ALL RESPECTABILITY PROMPTLY SID$ ) ! ATTACK ON ELEM5T>Y POLITICAL RI<TS1 & \TSIDE ! DEF9ITE ,SOCIALI/ ORGANS WE HAVE HAD ! :OLE ( ! PRESS AGA9/ US EXCEPT ! ,PALL ,MALL ,GAZETTE & ,REYNOLDS2 :ILE ON ! O!R H& NO ONE :O WITNESS$ ! SYMPA!TIC DEMEANOR ( ! HUGE CR[DS ?AT ACCOMPANI$ OR LOOK$ ON AT ,L9NELL'S FUN]AL PROCESSION C\LD V5TURE TO D5Y ?AT ! MASSES 9 ,LONDON >E ON \R SIDE4 

,TO TURN TO ! /RUGGLE ( ! WORK]S 9 ! NET ( CAPITALI/IC PRODUCTION4 ,! YE> BEGAN ) ! ABORTIVE /RIKE ( ! ,LAN>K%IRE M9]S1 9 :I* \R COMRADES AT ,GLASG[1 TOOK A P>T AT ONCE BOLD & CONSID]ATE & !REBY DID MU* TO =W>D ! WORK ( PROPAG&A4 ,?IS WAS FOLL[$ BY ! /RIKE ( ! ,NOR?UMBRIAN M9]S :I* AGA9 WAS TAK5 ADVANTAGE ( BY ,SOCIALI/S1 ) MO/ 5C\RAG+ RESULTS ,!SE HAVE BE5 ! MO/ TYPICAL 9/ANCES ( ! DIRECT LABOR /RUGGLE2 BUT ! :OLE YE> HAS BE5 FULL ( LABOR DISPUTES1 :I* IS ! MORE REM>KABLE S9CE UP TO ! PRES5T TIME IT HAS BE5 A YE> ( GREAT DEPRESSION2 ?\< JU/ N[ !RE SEEM TO BE SIGNS ( A REVIVAL ( BUS9ESS TO SEV]AL TRADES1 :I*1 IF IT TURNS \T TO HAVE ANY 5DURANCE1 WILL NO D\BT BE HAIL$ AS A TOK5 ( ! /ABILITY ( \R PRES5T SY/EM ( PRODUCTION1 & ! LA/+ GLORY ( ! ,BRITI% ,EMPIRE :I* IS NOT A%AM$ TO LIVE ON ! RU9 ( ! ,CELTIC PEASANTS1 & ! DESP]ATE MIS]Y ( ! ,LONDON SLUM-DWELL]S4 

,ABROAD ! ,AM]ICAN MIDDLE-CLASSES HAVE RELIEV$ !IR FE> OR SATISFI$ !IR COLD & /UPID MALICE BY ! CONSUMMATION ( !IR REV5GE ON ! REVOLUTIONI/S :O HAD ! TEM]ITY TO BE ACTIVELY ON ! WORKM5'S SIDE 9 A BITT] ,*ICAGO LABOR /RUGGLE -- NOR WILL !Y KN[ TILL ! REVOLUTION IS UPON !M H[ DE>LY !IR REV5GE WILL CO/ !M4 

,BISM>CK HAS HAD ONE OR TWO TRIUMPHS3 WON A HUGE MAJORITY 9 ! SPR+2 C>RIES HIS >MY BILL EASILY N[2 HE HAS R$UC$ ! NUMB] ( ,SOCIALI/ MEMB]S TO FIVE1 BUT HAS NOT SUCCE$$ 9 R$UC+ ! NUMB] ( ,SOCIALI/S1 :I* /ILL GOES ON GR[+4 ,HE IS 5GAG$ 9 /R5G!N+ ! LAW AGA9/ ! ,SOCIALI/S1 AS A C\NT]/ROKE TO ! 9T]NATIONAL CONGRESS :I* IS TO COME (F ?IS YE>4 

,FRANCE HAV+ DISAPPO9T$ H] 5EMIES & ! 5EMIES ( PROGRESS BY AVOID+ A POLITICAL REVOLUTION :I* C\LD HAVE BE5 BUT POLITICAL ONLY1 IS /ILL BUSILY 5GAG$ BY MEANS ( H] B\RGEOISIE 9 CONTRIBUT+ H] %>E TO ! EMBROGLIO ( CORRUPTION :I* MU/ 5D AT LA/ 9 DEADLOCK & ! FATEFUL \TBREAK & *ANGE4 

,9 ,RUSSIA ! UNIV]SITIES >E CLOS$ 9 ORD] TO DAMP D[N ! REVOLUTION>Y FIRE SPREAD+ SO SWIFTLY AMONG ! /UD5TS1 & EV]Y?+ GR[S MORE & MORE UNBE>ABLE4 

,& ) ALL ?IS ! YE> HAS 5D$ AS IT BEGAN ) ! T]ROR ( A GREAT ,EUROPEAN W>1 CONC]N+ :I* ,LORD ,SALISBURY1 WI%+ TO MAKE ! BE/ ( IT1 C\LD SAY LITTLE MORE ?AN ?AT HE DIDN'T ?9K IT W\LD COME JU/ YET4  

,C]TA9LY IT MU/ BE SAID ?AT ! PA/ YE> HAS ( SU* A K9D AS TO GIVE CONFID5CE TO ! UPHOLD]S ( ! /ABILITY ( ! PRES5T SY/EM4 ,DEMOCRATIC IDEAS T5D+ T[>DS ,SOCIALISM HAVE BE5 EVOLV$ FROM ! ,IRI% /RUGGLE1 & M5'S M9DS HAVE BE5 FAMILI>IZ$ !REBY ) RESI/ANCE TO AU?ORITY2 ! PREC>I\SNESS ( LIVELIHOOD UND] ! CAPITALI/ HAS BE5 BR\<T HOME MORE & MORE AMONG ! WORK]S1 & ! PREA*+ ( ,SOCIALISM HAS 9SPIR$ !M ) HOPE TO *ANGE ALL ?AT2 ! SPECIAL TYRANNY ( ! LA/ TWO MON?S HAS EMBITT]$ ! ,RADICALS AGA9/ ! ,GOV]NM5T1 & ALSO %[N !M H[ LITTLE !Y CAN DEP5D ON !IR SO-CALL$ LEAD]S AMONG ! ,LIB]ALS1 & H[ P[]LESS !Y >E AS AN AFFIX TO ! ,LIB]AL P>RY2 IT HAS %[N !M ?AT !Y AS WORK+ M5 MU/ BE TRUE TO !IR CLASS OR BE ( NO ACC\NT 9 POLITICS AT ALL2 ! S5T5CES PASS$ ON ! SO-CALL$ RIOT]S1 AFT] EVID5CE :I* ONE W\LD HAVE EXPECT$ EV5 A LAWY] TO REJECT1 HAVE %[N ! 'L[] CLASSES' ?AT ! BOA/$ EQUALITY BE=E ! LAW IS A GROSS %AM2 ?AT ! LAW IS MADE = ! RI* MAN & ! MA/] & AGA9/ ! POOR MAN & ! WORK]1 & ?AT :5 ! CLASS-W> RISES TO ITS HEI<T1 NO MORE M]CY WILL BE %[N BY ! 'MORAL' SMUG ,BRITI% B\RGEOIS ?AN BY ANY TYRANT ( MOD]N OR ANCI5T TIMES2 ?AT LAW & CIVILIZATION >E NO PROTECTION = ?OSE :O MAY FRI<T5 ! PROPRIET>Y CLASSES1 & ?AT ! /RONG >M ONLY WILL HELP !M4 ,ALL ?IS HAS BE5 SPE$Y $UCATION T[>DS REVOLUTION1 & WILL S9K DEEP 9TO ! M9D ( ! PEOPLE4 ,D\BTLESS ! PA/ YE> HAS BE5 A L&M>K ON ! ROAD TO REVOLUTION1 & ! REACTION ( :I* ! /UPID ,TORIES & !IR ALLIES ! PESSIMI/IC PRIGS ( 'CULTURE' MAKE SO MU* ( IS BUT A MEASURE ( ! ADVANCE ( ! TIDE ( ! NEW SOCIAL LIFE4 ,PROGRESS' NO LONG] MEANS A POLITICAL GAME 9 :I* !SE HI< P]SONAGES C\LD TAKE A P>T )\T ANY DANG] TO !IR POSITION OR (F5SE TO !IR S5SIBILITIES3 ! 'COMMON PEOPLE' HAVE N[ TO BE DEALT ) AS REAL P]SONS ?REAT5+ REAL ?+S1 & RESPECTABILITY %R9KS BACK BE=E !M1 P>TLY 9 FE>1 P>TLY 9 HATR$4 ,?IS EXPLA9S RECRUDESC5CE ( ,TORYISM1 ! APP>5T VICTORIES ( REACTION4 ,ONCE AGA9 ! CLASS-W> IS BECOM+ OBVI\S TO ALL1 & #ahhg HAS DONE A GREAT DEAL TO MAKE IT SO4 

,FROM 3 ,M>XI/S4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,FEBRU>Y #b#c1 #bba 3 ,:AT #ahhg ,HAS ,DONE -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #h1 #bbb 3 ,:AT #ahhg ,HAS ,DONE -- ,UPDAT$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
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