,*APT] #a 

#ahigahig 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,LEO ,TOL/OY 

,TRANSLATOR 3 ,AYLM] ,MAUDE 

,TEXT 3 

,TAKE UP ANY ONE ( \R ORD9>Y NEWSPAP]S1 & Y\ 
WILL F9D A P>T DEVOT$ TO ! !AT] & MUSIC4 ,9 
ALMO/ EV]Y NUMB] Y\ WILL F9D A DESCRIPTION ( SOME 
>T EXHIBITION1 OR ( SOME P>TICUL> PICTURE1 & Y\ WILL 
ALWAYS F9D REVIEWS ( NEW WORKS ( >T ?AT HAVE APPE>$1 
( VOLUMES ( POEMS1 ( %ORT /ORIES1 OR ( NOVELS4 

,PROMPTLY1 & 9 DETAIL1 AS SOON AS IT HAS OCCURR$1 AN 
ACC\NT IS PUBLI%$ ( H[ SU* & SU* AN ACTRESS OR 
ACTOR PLAY$ ?IS OR ?AT ROLE 9 SU* & SU* A DRAMA1 
COM$Y1 OR OP]A2 & ( ! M]ITS ( ! P]=MANCE1 AS 
WELL AS ( ! CONT5TS ( ! NEW DRAMA1 COM$Y1 OR OP]A1 
) ITS DEFECTS & M]ITS4 ,) AS MU* C>E & DETAIL1 
OR EV5 MORE1 WE >E TOLD H[ SU* & SU* AN >TI/ 
HAS SUNG A C]TA9 PIECE1 OR HAS PLAY$ IT ON ! PIANO OR 
VIOL91 & :AT W]E ! M]ITS & DEFECTS ( ! PIECE 
& ( ! P]=MANCE4 ,9 EV]Y L>GE T[N !RE IS SURE 
TO BE AT LEA/ ONE1 IF NOT MORE ?AN ONE1 EXHIBITION ( NEW 
PICTURES1 ! M]ITS & DEFECTS ( :I* >E DISCUSS$ 9 
! UTMO/ DETAIL BY CRITICS & CONNOISSEURS4 

,NEW NOVELS & POEMS1 9 SEP>ATE VOLUMES OR 9 ! 
MAGAZ9ES1 APPE> ALMO/ EV]Y DAY1 & ! NEWSPAP]S 
CONSID] IT !IR DUTY TO GIVE !IR READ]S DETAIL$ ACC\NTS 
( !SE >TI/IC PRODUCTIONS4 

#b,= ! SUPPORT ( >T 9 ,RUSSIA 7:]E = ! $UCATION 
( ! PEOPLE ONLY A HUNDR$? P>T IS SP5T ( :AT W\LD 
BE REQUIR$ TO GIVE EV]YONE ! OPPORTUNITY ( 9/RUCTION7 
! ,GOV]NM5T GRANTS MILLIONS ( RUBLES 9 SUBSIDIES TO 
ACADEMIES1 CONS]VATOIRES & !AT]S4 ,9 ,FRANCE TW5TY 
MILLION FRANCS >E ASSIGN$ = >T1 & SIMIL> GRANTS >E 
MADE 9 ,G]MANY & ,5GL&4 

,9 EV]Y L>GE T[N 5ORM\S BUILD+S >E ]ECT$ = 
MUSEUMS1 ACADEMIES1 CONS]VATOIRES1 DRAMATIC S*OOLS1 & = 
P]=MANCES & CONC]TS4 ,HUNDR$S ( ?\S&S ( WORKM51--C>P5T]S1 
MASONS1 PA9T]S1 JO9]S1 PAP]HANG]S1 
TAILORS1 HAIRDRESS]S1 JEWEL]S1 MOLD]S1 TYPE-SETT]S1--SP5D 
!IR :OLE LIVES 9 H>D LABOR TO SATISFY ! DEM&S ( 
>T1 SO ?AT H>DLY ANY O!R DEP>TM5T ( HUMAN ACTIVITY1 
EXCEPT ! MILIT>Y1 CONSUMES SO MU* 5]GY AS ?IS4 

,NOT ONLY IS 5ORM\S LABOR SP5T ON ?IS ACTIVITY1 BUT 9 
IT1 AS 9 W>1 ! V]Y LIVES ( M5 >E SACRIFIC$4 ,HUNDR$S 
( ?\S&S ( PEOPLE DEVOTE !IR LIVES FROM *ILDHOOD TO 
LE>N+ TO TWIRL !IR LEGS RAPIDLY 7DANC]S71 OR TO T\* 
NOTES & /R+S V]Y RAPIDLY 7MUSICIANS71 OR TO DRAW ) 
PA9T & REPRES5T :AT !Y SEE 7>TI/S71 OR TO TURN EV]Y 
PHRASE 9SIDE \T & F9D A RHYME TO EV]Y WORD4 ,& !SE 
PEOPLE1 (T5 V]Y K9D & CLEV]1 & CAPABLE ( ALL SORTS 
( USEFUL LABOR1 GR[ SAVAGE OV] !IR SPECIALIZ$ & 
/UPEFY+ OCCUPATIONS1 & BECOME ONE-SID$ & SELF-COMPLAC5T 
SPECIALI/S1 DULL TO ALL ! S]I\S PH5OM5A ( 
LIFE1 & SKILLFUL ONLY AT RAPIDLY TWI/+ !IR LEGS1 !IR 
TONGUES1 OR !IR F+]S4 

,BUT EV5 ?IS /UNT+ ( HUMAN LIFE IS NOT ! WOR/4 ,I 
REMEMB] BE+ ONCE AT ! REHE>SAL ( ONE ( ! MO/ 
ORD9>Y ( ! NEW OP]AS :I* >E PRODUC$ AT ALL ! 
OP]A H\SES ( ,EUROPE & ,AM]ICA4 

,I >RIV$ :5 ! FIR/ ACT HAD ALREADY COMM5C$4 ,TO 
REA* ! AUDITORIUM ,I HAD TO PASS ?R\< ! /AGE 
5TRANCE4 ,BY D>K 5TRANCES & PASSAGES1 ,I WAS L$ ?R\< 
#c! VAULTS ( AN 5ORM\S BUILD+ PA/ IMM5SE MA*9ES 
= *ANG+ ! SC5]Y & = ILLUM9AT+2 & !RE 9 
! GLOOM & DU/ ,I SAW WORKM5 BUSILY 5GAG$4 ,ONE 
( !SE M51 PALE1 HAGG>D1 9 A DIRTY BL\SE1 ) DIRTY1 
WORK-WORN H&S & CRAMP$ F+]S1 EVID5TLY TIR$ & 
\T ( HUMOR1 W5T PA/ ME1 ANGRILY SCOLD+ ANO!R MAN4 
,ASC5D+ BY A D>K /AIR1 ,I CAME \T ON ! BO>DS BEH9D 
! SC5ES4 ,AMID V>I\S POLES & R+S & SCATT]$ 
SC5]Y1 DECORATIONS & CURTA9S1 /OOD & MOV$ DOZ5S1 
IF NOT HUNDR$S1 ( PA9T$ & DRESS$-UP M51 9 CO/UMES 
FITT+ TI<T TO !IR ?I<S & CALVES1 & ALSO WOM51 AS 
USUAL1 AS NE>LY NUDE AS MI<T BE4 ,!SE W]E ALL S+]S1 
OR MEMB]S ( ! *ORUS1 OR BALLET-DANC]S1 AWAIT+ !IR 
TURNS4 ,MY GUIDE L$ ME ACROSS ! /AGE &1 BY MEANS ( 
A BRIDGE ( BO>DS1 ACROSS ! OR*E/RA 79 :I* P]HAPS 
A HUNDR$ MUSICIANS ( ALL K9DS1 FROM KETTLE-DRUM TO FLUTE 
& H>P1 W]E SEAT$71 TO ! D>K PIT-/ALLS4 

,ON AN ELEVATION1 BETWE5 TWO LAMPS ) REFLECTORS1 & 
9 AN >M-*AIR PLAC$ BE=E A MUSIC-/&1 SAT ! DIRECTOR 
( ! MUSICAL P>T1 BATON 9 H&1 MANAG+ ! OR*E/RA 
& S+]S1 &1 9 G5]AL1 ! PRODUCTION ( ! :OLE 
OP]A4 

,! P]=MANCE HAD ALREADY COMM5C$1 & ON ! 
/AGE A PROCESSION ( ,9DIANS :O HAD BR\<T HOME A BRIDE 
WAS BE+ REPRES5T$4 ,BESIDES M5 & WOM5 9 CO/UME1 
TWO O!R M5 9 ORD9>Y CLO!S BU/L$ & RAN AB\T ON 
! /AGE2 ONE WAS ! DIRECTOR ( ! DRAMATIC P>T1 & 
! O!R1 :O /EPP$ AB\T 9 S(T %OES & RAN FROM 
PLACE TO PLACE ) UNUSUAL AGILITY1 WAS ! DANC+-MA/]1 
:OSE SAL>Y P] MON? EXCE$$ :AT T5 LABOR]S E>N 
9 A YE>4 

,!SE ?REE DIRECTORS >RANG$ ! S++1 ! OR*E/RA1 
& ! PROCESSION4 ,! PROCESSION1 AS USUAL1 WAS 5ACT$ 
BY C\PLES1 ) T9FOIL HALB]DS ON !IR %\LD]S4 ,!Y 
ALL CAME FROM ONE PLACE1 & WALK$ R\ND & R\ND AGA91 
#d& !N /OPP$4 ,! PROCESSION TOOK A LONG TIME TO 
>RANGE3 FIR/ ! ,9DIANS ) HALB]DS CAME ON TOO LATE2 
!N TOO SOON2 !N AT ! RI<T TIME1 BUT CR[D$ TOGE!R 
AT ! EXIT2 !N !Y DID NOT CR[D1 BUT >RANG$ !MSELVES 
BADLY AT ! SIDES ( ! /AGE2 & EA* TIME ! :OLE 
P]=MANCE WAS /OPP$ & RECOMM5C$ FROM ! BEG9N+4 
,! PROCESSION WAS 9TRODUC$ BY A RECITATIVE1 
DELIV]$ BY A MAN DRESS$ UP LIKE SOME V>IETY ( ,TURK1 
:O1 OP5+ HIS M\? 9 A CURI\S WAY1 SANG1 0,HOME ,I 
BR+ ! BRI-I-IDE40 ,HE S+S & WAVES HIS >M 7:I* IS 
( C\RSE B>E7 FROM UND] HIS MANTLE4 ,! PROCESSION 
COMM5CES1 BUT H]E ! ,FR5* HORN1 9 ! ACCOMPANIM5T 
( ! RECITATIVE1 DOES SOME?+ WRONG2 & ! DIRECTOR1 
) A %UDD] AS IF SOME CATA/ROPHE HAD OCCURR$1 RAPS 
) HIS /ICK ON ! /&4 ,ALL IS /OPP$1 & ! 
DIRECTOR1 TURN+ TO ! OR*E/RA1 ATTACKS ! ,FR5* HORN1 
SCOLD+ HIM 9 ! RUDE/ T]MS1 AS CABM5 ABUSE EA* 
O!R1 = TAK+ ! WRONG NOTE4 ,& AGA9 ! :OLE 
?+ RECOMM5CES4 ,! ,9DIANS ) !IR HALB]DS 
AGA9 COME ON1 TREAD+ S(TLY 9 !IR EXTRAORD9>Y BOOTS2 
AGA9 ! S+] S+S1 0,HOME ,I BR+ ! BRI-I-IDE40 ,BUT 
H]E ! PAIRS GET TOO CLOSE TOGE!R4 ,MORE RAPS ) 
! /ICK1 MORE SCOLD+1 & A RECOMM5CEM5T4 ,AGA91 
0,HOME ,I BR+ ! BRI-I-IDE10 AGA9 ! SAME GE/ICULATION 
) ! B>E >M FROM UND] ! MANTLE1 & AGA9 ! 
C\PLES1 TREAD+ S(TLY ) HALB]DS ON !IR %\LD]S1 
SOME ) SAD & S]I\S FACES1 SOME TALK+ & SMIL+1 
>RANGE !MSELVES 9 A CIRCLE & BEG9 TO S+4 ,ALL 
SEEMS TO BE GO+ WELL1 BUT AGA9 ! /ICK RAPS1 & ! 
DIRECTOR1 9 A DI/RESS$ & ANGRY VOICE1 BEG9S TO SCOLD 
! M5 & WOM5 ( ! *ORUS4 ,IT APPE>S ?AT :5 
S++ !Y HAD OMITT$ TO RAISE !IR H&S FROM TIME TO 
TIME 9 SIGN ( ANIMATION4 0,>E Y\ ALL DEAD1 OR :AT8 
,C[S ?AT Y\ >E6 ,>E Y\ CORPSES1 ?AT Y\ CAN'T MOVE80 
,AGA9 !Y RE-COMM5CE1 0,HOME ,I BR+ ! BRI-I-IDE10 & 
#eAGA91 ) SORR[FUL FACES1 ! *ORUS WOM5 S+1 FIR/ ONE 
& !N ANO!R ( !M RAIS+ !IR H&S4 ,BUT TWO 
*ORUS-GIRLS SPEAK TO EA* O!R1--AGA9 A MORE VEHEM5T 
RAPP+ ) ! /ICK4 0,HAVE Y\ COME H]E TO TALK8 ,CAN'T 
Y\ GOSSIP AT HOME8 ,Y\ !RE 9 R$ BREE*ES1 COME 
NE>]4 ,LOOK T[>DS ME6 ,RECOMM5CE60 ,AGA91 0,HOME 
,I BR+ ! BRI-I-IDE40 ,& SO IT GOES ON = ONE1 TWO1 ?REE 
H\RS4 ,! :OLE ( SU* A REHE>SAL LA/S SIX H\RS ON 
5D4 ,RAPS ) ! /ICK1 REPETITIONS1 PLAC+S1 CORRECTIONS 
( ! S+]S1 ( ! OR*E/RA1 ( ! PROCESSION1 ( ! 
DANC]S1--ALL SEASON$ ) ANGRY SCOLD+4 ,I HE>D ! 
WORDS1 0ASSES10 0FOOLS10 0IDIOTS10 0SW9E10 ADDRESS$ TO ! 
MUSICIANS & S+]S AT LEA/ =TY TIMES 9 ! C\RSE ( 
ONE H\R4 ,& ! UNHAPPY 9DIVIDUAL TO :OM ! ABUSE 
IS ADDRESS$1--FLUTI/1 HORN-BL[]1 OR S+]1--PHYSICALLY & 
M5TALLY DEMORALIZ$1 DOES NOT REPLY1 & DOES :AT IS 
DEM&$ ( HIM4 ,TW5TY TIMES IS REPEAT$ ! ONE PHRASE1 
0,HOME ,I BR+ ! BRI-I-IDE10 & TW5TY TIMES ! /RID+ 
AB\T 9 YELL[ %OES ) A HALB]D OV] ! %\LD]4 
,! CONDUCTOR KN[S ?AT !SE PEOPLE >E SO DEMORALIZ$ 
?AT !Y >E NO LONG] FIT = ANY?+ BUT TO BL[ TRUMPETS 
& WALK AB\T ) HALB]DS & 9 YELL[ %OES1 & ?AT 
!Y >E ALSO ACCU/OM$ TO DA9TY1 EASY LIV+1 SO ?AT !Y 
WILL PUT UP ) ANY?+ RA!R ?AN LOSE !IR LUXURI\S 
LIFE4 ,HE !RE=E GIVES FREE V5T TO HIS *URLI%NESS1 
ESPECIALLY AS HE HAS SE5 ! SAME ?+ DONE 9 ,P>IS & 
,VI5NA1 & KN[S ?AT ?IS IS ! WAY ! BE/ CONDUCTORS 
BEHAVE1 & ?AT IT IS A MUSICAL TRADITION ( GREAT >TI/S 
TO BE SO C>RI$ AWAY BY ! GREAT BUS9ESS ( !IR >T 
?AT !Y CANNOT PAUSE TO CONSID] ! FEEL+S ( O!R 
>TI/S4 

,IT W\LD BE DIFFICULT TO F9D A MORE REPULSIVE SI<T4 ,I 
HAVE SE5 ONE WORKMAN ABUSE ANO!R = NOT SUPPORT+ 
! WEI<T PIL$ UPON HIM :5 GOODS W]E BE+ UNLOAD$1 
OR1 AT HAY-/ACK+1 ! VILLAGE ELD] SCOLD A PEASANT = NOT 
#fMAK+ ! RICK RI<T1 & ! MAN SUBMITT$ 9 SIL5CE4 
,&1 H[EV] UNPLEASANT IT WAS TO WITNESS ! SC5E1 ! 
UNPLEASANTNESS WAS LESS5$ BY ! CONSCI\SNESS ?AT ! 
BUS9ESS 9 H& WAS NE$FUL & IMPORTANT1 & ?AT ! 
FAULT = :I* ! HEAD-MAN SCOLD$ ! LABOR] WAS ONE 
:I* MI<T SPOIL A NE$FUL UND]TAK+4 

,BUT :AT WAS BE+ DONE H]E8 ,= :AT1 & = 
:OM8 ,V]Y LIKELY ! CONDUCTOR WAS TIR$ \T1 LIKE ! 
WORKMAN ,I PASS$ 9 ! VAULTS2 IT WAS EV5 EVID5T ?AT 
HE WAS2 BUT :O MADE HIM TIRE HIMSELF8 ,& = :AT 
WAS HE TIR+ HIMSELF8 ,! OP]A HE WAS REHE>S+ WAS 
ONE ( ! MO/ ORD9>Y ( OP]AS = PEOPLE :O >E 
ACCU/OM$ TO !M1 BUT ALSO ONE ( ! MO/ GIGANTIC 
ABSURDITIES ?AT C\LD POSSIBLY BE DEVIS$4 ,AN ,9DIAN K+ 
WANTS TO M>RY2 !Y BR+ HIM A BRIDE2 HE DISGUISES HIMSELF 
AS A M9/REL2 ! BRIDE FALLS 9 LOVE ) ! M9/REL 
& IS 9 DESPAIR1 BUT AFT]W>DS DISCOV]S ?AT ! M9/REL 
IS ! K+1 & EV]YONE IS HI<LY DELI<T$4 

,?AT !RE NEV] W]E1 OR C\LD BE1 SU* ,9DIANS1 & ?AT 
!Y W]E NOT ONLY UNLIKE ,9DIANS1 BUT ?AT :AT !Y W]E 
DO+ WAS UNLIKE ANY?+ ON E>? EXCEPT O!R OP]AS1 
WAS BEYOND ALL MANN] ( D\BT2 ?AT PEOPLE DO NOT CONV]SE 
9 SU* A WAY AS RECITATIVE1 & DO NOT PLACE !MSELVES 
AT FIX$ DI/ANCES1 9 A QU>TET1 WAV+ !IR >MS TO 
EXPRESS !IR EMOTIONS2 ?AT NO:]E1 EXCEPT 9 !AT]S1 DO 
PEOPLE WALK AB\T 9 SU* A MANN]1 9 PAIRS1 ) T9FOIL 
HALB]DS & 9 SLIPP]S2 ?AT NO ONE EV] GETS ANGRY 9 SU* 
A WAY1 OR IS AFFECT$ 9 SU* A WAY1 OR LAU<S 9 SU* A WAY1 
OR CRIES 9 SU* A WAY2 & ?AT NO ONE ON E>? CAN 
BE MOV$ BY SU* P]=MANCES2 ALL ?IS IS BEYOND ! 
POSSIBILITY ( D\BT4 

,9/9CTIVELY ! QUE/ION PRES5TS ITSELF--,= :OM IS 
?IS BE+ DONE8 ,:OM CAN IT PLEASE8 ,IF !RE >E1 
OCCASIONALLY1 GOOD MELODIES 9 ! OP]A1 TO :I* IT IS 
PLEASANT TO LI/51 !Y C\LD HAVE BE5 SUNG SIMPLY1 )\T 
#g!SE /UPID CO/UMES & ALL ! PROCESSIONS & RECITATIVES 
& H&-WAV+S4 

,! BALLET1 9 :I* HALF-NAK$ WOM5 MAKE VOLUPTU\S 
MOVEM5TS1 TWI/+ !MSELVES 9TO V>I\S S5SUAL WREA?+S1 
IS SIMPLY A LEWD P]=MANCE4 

,SO ONE IS QUITE AT A LOSS AS TO :OM !SE ?+S >E DONE 
=4 ,! MAN ( CULTURE IS HE>TILY SICK ( !M1 :ILE TO 
A REAL WORK+ MAN !Y >E UTT]LY 9COMPREH5SIBLE4 ,IF 
ANYONE CAN BE PLEAS$ BY !SE ?+S 7:I* IS D\BTFUL71 
IT CAN ONLY BE SOME Y\NG FOOTMAN OR DEPRAV$ >TISAN1 :O 
HAS CONTRACT$ ! SPIRIT ( ! UPP] CLASSES BUT IS NOT YET 
SATIAT$ ) !IR AMUSEM5TS1 & WI%ES TO %[ HIS 
BRE$+4 

,& ALL ?IS NA/Y FOLLY IS PREP>$1 NOT SIMPLY1 NOR ) 
K9DLY M]RIM5T1 BUT ) ANG] & BRUTAL CRUELTY4 

,IT IS SAID ?AT IT IS ALL DONE = ! SAKE ( >T1 & ?AT 
>T IS A V]Y IMPORTANT ?+4 ,BUT IS IT TRUE ?AT >T IS SO 
IMPORTANT ?AT SU* SACRIFICES %\LD BE MADE = ITS SAKE8 
,?IS QUE/ION IS ESPECIALLY URG5T1 BECAUSE >T1 = ! SAKE 
( :I* ! LABOR ( MILLIONS1 ! LIVES ( M51 & ABOVE 
ALL1 LOVE BETWE5 MAN & MAN1 >E BE+ SACRIFIC$1--?IS 
V]Y >T IS BECOM+ SOME?+ MORE & MORE VAGUE & 
UNC]TA9 TO HUMAN P]CEPTION4 

,CRITICISM1 9 :I* ! LOV]S ( >T US$ TO F9D SUPPORT 
= !IR OP9IONS1 HAS LATT]LY BECOME SO SELF-CONTRADICTORY1 
?AT1 IF WE EXCLUDE FROM ! DOMA9 ( >T ALL ?AT TO 
:I* ! CRITICS ( V>I\S S*OOLS !MSELVES D5Y ! 
TITLE1 !RE IS SC>CELY ANY >T LEFT4 

,! >TI/S ( V>I\S SECTS1 LIKE ! !OLOGIANS ( ! 
V>I\S SECTS1 MUTUALLY EXCLUDE & DE/ROY !MSELVES4 
,LI/5 TO ! >TI/S ( ! S*OOLS ( \R TIMES1 & Y\ 
WILL F9D1 9 ALL BRAN*ES1 EA* SET ( >TI/S DIS[N+ O!RS4 
,9 POETRY ! OLD ROMANTICI/S D5Y ! P>NASSIANS & 
! DECAD5TS2 ! P>NASSIANS DIS[N ! ROMANTICI/S & 
! DECAD5TS2 ! DECAD5TS DIS[N ALL !IR PR$ECESSORS 
#h& ! SYMBOLI/S2 ! SYMBOLI/S DIS[N ALL !IR PR$ECESSORS 
& LES MAGES2 & LES MAGES DIS[N ALL1 ALL !IR 
PR$ECESSORS4 ,AMONG NOVELI/S WE HAVE NATURALI/S1 PSY*OLOGI/S1 
& 0NATURE-I/S10 ALL REJECT+ EA* O!R4 ,& IT 
IS ! SAME 9 DRAMATIC >T1 9 PA9T+ & 9 MUSIC4 ,SO 
?AT >T1 :I* DEM&S SU* TREM5D\S LABOR-SACRIFICES 
FROM ! PEOPLE1 :I* /UNTS HUMAN LIVES & TRANSGRESSES 
AGA9/ HUMAN LOVE1 IS NOT ONLY NOT A ?+ CLE>LY & 
FIRMLY DEF9$1 BUT IS UND]/OOD 9 SU* CONTRADICTORY WAYS 
BY ITS [N DEVOTEES ?AT IT IS DIFFICULT TO SAY :AT IS MEANT 
BY >T1 & ESPECIALLY :AT IS GOOD1 USEFUL >T1-->T = ! 
SAKE ( :I* WE MI<T CONDONE SU* SACRIFICES AS >E BE+ 
(F]$ AT ITS %R9E4 

,FROM 3 ,GUT5B]G4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #ahif 3 ,*APT] #a -- ,PUBLICATION4 

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