,*APT] #d #ahigahig ,PEOPLE 3 ,AU?OR 3 ,LEO ,TOL/OY ,TRANSLATOR 3 ,AYLM] ,MAUDE ,TEXT 3 ,TO :AT DO !SE DEF9ITIONS ( BEAUTY AM\NT8 ,NOT RECKON+ ! ?OR\T1 & :I* SUPPOSE BEAUTY TO CONSI/ EI!R 9 UTILITY1 OR 9 ADJU/M5T TO A PURPOSE1 OR 9 SYMMETRY1 OR 9 ORD]1 OR 9 PROPORTION1 OR 9 SMOO?NESS1 OR 9 H>MONY ( ! P>TS1 OR 9 UNITY AMID V>IETY1 OR 9 V>I\S COMB9ATIONS ( !SE1--NOT RECKON+ !SE UNSATISFACTORY ATTEMPTS AT OBJECTIVE DEF9ITION1 ALL ! AES!TIC DEF9ITIONS ( BEAUTY LEAD TO TWO FUNDAM5TAL CONCEPTIONS4 ,! FIR/ IS ?AT BEAUTY IS SOME?+ HAV+ AN 9DEP5D5T EXI/5CE 7EXI/+ 9 ITSELF71 ?AT IT IS ONE ( ! MANIFE/ATIONS ( ! ABSOLUTELY ,P]FECT1 ( ! ,IDEA1 ( ! ,SPIRIT1 ( ,WILL1 OR ( ,GOD2 ! O!R IS ?AT BEAUTY IS A K9D ( PLEASURE RECEIV$ BY US1 NOT HAV+ P]SONAL ADVANTAGE = ITS OBJECT4 ,! FIR/ ( !SE DEF9ITIONS WAS ACCEPT$ BY ,FI*TE1 ,S*ELL+1 ,HEGEL1 ,S*OP5HAU]1 & ! PHILOSOPHIZ+ ,FR5*M51 ,C\S91 ,J\FFROY1 ,RAVAISSON1 & O!RS1 NOT TO 5UM]ATE ! SECOND-RATE AES!TIC PHILOSOPH]S4 ,& ?IS SAME OBJECTIVE-MY/ICAL DEF9ITION ( BEAUTY IS HELD BY A MAJORITY ( ! $UCAT$ PEOPLE ( \R DAY4 ,IT IS A CONCEPTION V]Y WIDELY SPREAD1 ESPECIALLY AMONG ! ELD] G5]ATION4 ,! SECOND VIEW1 ?AT BEAUTY IS A C]TA9 K9D ( PLEASURE RECEIV$ BY US1 NOT HAV+ P]SONAL ADVANTAGE = ITS AIM1 F9DS FAVOR *IEFLY AMONG ! ,5GLI% AES!TIC WRIT]S1 & IS %>$ BY ! O!R P>T ( \R SOCIETY1 PR9CIPALLY BY ! Y\NG] G5]ATION4 #c#i,SO !RE >E 7& IT C\LD NOT BE O!RWISE7 ONLY TWO DEF9ITIONS ( BEAUTY3 ! ONE OBJECTIVE1 MY/ICAL1 M]G+ ?IS CONCEPTION 9TO ?AT ( ! HIY1 A V]Y SIMPLE & 9TELLIGIBLE SUBJECTIVE ONE1 :I* CONSID]S BEAUTY TO BE ?AT :I* PLEASES 7,I DO NOT ADD TO ! WORD 0PLEASES0 ! WORDS 0)\T ! AIM ( ADVANTAGE10 BECAUSE 0PLEASES0 NATURALLY PRESUPPOSES ! ABS5CE ( ! IDEA ( PR(IT74 ,ON ! ONE H&1 BEAUTY IS VIEW$ AS SOME?+ MY/ICAL & V]Y ELEVAT$1 BUT UN=TUNATELY AT ! SAME TIME V]Y 9DEF9ITE1 & CONSEQU5TLY EMBRAC+ PHILOSOPHY1 RELIGION1 & LIFE ITSELF 7AS 9 ! !ORIES ( ,S*ELL+ & ,HEGEL1 & !IR ,G]MAN & ,FR5* FOLL[]S72 OR1 ON ! O!R H& 7AS NECESS>ILY FOLL[S FROM ! DEF9ITION ( ,KANT & HIS ADH]5TS71 BEAUTY IS SIMPLY A C]TA9 K9D ( DIS9T]E/$ PLEASURE RECEIV$ BY US4 ,& ?IS CONCEPTION ( BEAUTY1 AL?\< IT SEEMS V]Y CLE>1 IS1 UN=TUNATELY1 AGA9 9EXACT2 = IT WID5S \T ON ! O!R SIDE1 I4E4 IT 9CLUDES ! PLEASURE D]IV$ FROM DR9K1 FROM FOOD1 FROM T\*+ A DELICATE SK91 ETC41 AS IS ACKN[L$G$ BY ,GUYAU1 ,KRALIK1 & O!RS4 ,IT IS TRUE ?AT1 FOLL[+ ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! AES!TIC DOCTR9ES ON BEAUTY1 WE MAY NOTICE ?AT1 ?\< AT FIR/ 79 ! TIMES :5 ! F\NDATIONS ( ! SCI5CE ( AES!TICS W]E BE+ LAID7 ! METAPHYSICAL DEF9ITION ( BEAUTY PREVAIL$1 YET ! NE>] WE GET TO \R [N TIMES ! MORE DOES AN EXP]IM5TAL DEF9ITION 7REC5TLY ASSUM+ A PHYSIOLOGICAL =M7 COME TO ! FRONT1 SO ?AT AT LA/ WE EV5 MEET ) SU* AES!TICIANS AS ,V]ON & ,SULLY1 :O TRY TO ESCAPE 5TIRELY FROM ! CONCEPTION ( BEAUTY4 ,BUT SU* AES!TICIANS HAVE V]Y LITTLE SUCCESS1 & ) ! MAJORITY ( ! PUBLIC1 AS WELL AS ( >TI/S & ! LE>N$1 A CONCEPTION ( BEAUTY IS FIRMLY HELD :I* AGREES ) ! DEF9ITIONS CONTA9$ 9 MO/ ( ! AES!TIC TREATISES1 I4E4 :I* REG>DS #dBEAUTY EI!R AS SOME?+ MY/ICAL OR METAPHYSICAL1 OR AS A SPECIAL K9D ( 5JOYM5T4 ,:AT !N IS ?IS CONCEPTION ( BEAUTY1 SO /UBBORNLY HELD TO BY PEOPLE ( \R CIRCLE & DAY AS FURNI%+ A DEF9ITION ( >T8 ,9 ! SUBJECTIVE ASPECT1 WE CALL BEAUTY ?AT :I* SUPPLIES US ) A P>TICUL> K9D ( PLEASURE4 ,9 ! OBJECTIVE ASPECT1 WE CALL BEAUTY SOME?+ ABSOLUTELY P]FECT1 & WE ACKN[L$GE IT TO BE SO ONLY BECAUSE WE RECEIVE1 FROM ! MANIFE/ATION ( ?IS ABSOLUTE P]FECTION1 A C]TA9 K9D ( PLEASURE2 SO ?AT ?IS OBJECTIVE DEF9ITION IS NO?+ BUT ! SUBJECTIVE CONCEPTION DIFF]5TLY EXPRESS$4 ,9 REALITY BO? CONCEPTIONS ( BEAUTY AM\NT TO ONE & ! SAME ?+1 NAMELY1 ! RECEPTION BY US ( A C]TA9 K9D ( PLEASURE1 I4E4 WE CALL 0BEAUTY0 ?AT :I* PLEASES US )\T EVOK+ 9 US DESIRE4 ,SU* BE+ ! POSITION ( AFFAIRS1 IT W\LD SEEM ONLY NATURAL ?AT ! SCI5CE ( >T %\LD DECL9E TO CONT5T ITSELF ) A DEF9ITION ( >T BAS$ ON BEAUTY 7I4E4 ON ?AT :I* PLEASES71 & SEEK A G5]AL DEF9ITION1 :I* %\LD APPLY TO ALL >TI/IC PRODUCTIONS1 & BY REF]5CE TO :I* WE MITICLE BELONG$ TO ! REALM ( >T OR NOT4 ,BUT NO SU* DEF9ITION IS SUPPLI$1 AS ! READ] MAY SEE FROM ?OSE SUMM>IES ( ! AES!TIC !ORIES :I* ,I HAVE GIV51 & AS HE MAY DISCOV] EV5 MORE CLE>LY FROM ! ORIG9AL AES!TIC WORKS1 IF HE WILL BE AT ! PA9S TO READ !M4 ,ALL ATTEMPTS TO DEF9E ABSOLUTE BEAUTY 9 ITSELF--:E!R AS AN IMITATION ( NATURE1 OR AS SUITABILITY TO ITS OBJECT1 OR AS A CORRESPOND5CE ( P>TS1 OR AS SYMMETRY1 OR AS H>MONY1 OR AS UNITY 9 V>IETY1 ETC4--EI!R DEF9E NO?+ AT ALL1 OR DEF9E ONLY SOME TRAITS ( SOME >TI/IC PRODUCTIONS1 & >E F> FROM 9CLUD+ ALL ?AT EV]YBODY HAS ALWAYS HELD1 & /ILL HOLDS1 TO BE >T4 ,!RE IS NO OBJECTIVE DEF9ITION ( BEAUTY4 ,! EXI/+ DEF9ITIONS1 7BO? ! METAPHYSICAL & ! EXP]IM5TAL71 #d#aAM\NT ONLY TO ONE & ! SAME SUBJECTIVE DEF9ITION :I* 7/RANGE AS IT SEEMS TO SAY SO7 IS1 ?AT >T IS ?AT :I* MAKES BEAUTY MANIFE/1 & BEAUTY IS ?AT :I* PLEASES 7)\T EXCIT+ DESIRE74 ,MANY AES!TICIANS HAVE FELT ! 9SUFFICI5CY & 9/ABILITY ( SU* A DEF9ITION1 &1 9 ORD] TO GIVE IT A FIRM BASIS1 HAVE ASK$ !MSELVES :Y A ?+ PLEASES4 ,& !Y HAVE CONV]T$ ! DISCUSSION ON BEAUTY 9TO A QUE/ION CONC]N+ TA/E1 AS DID ,HUT*ESON1 ,VOLTAIRE1 ,DID]OT1 & O!RS4 ,BUT ALL ATTEMPTS TO DEF9E :AT TA/E IS MU/ LEAD TO NO?+1 AS ! READ] MAY SEE BO? FROM ! HI/ORY ( AES!TICS & EXP]IM5TALLY4 ,!RE IS & CAN BE NO EXPLANATION ( :Y ONE ?+ PLEASES ONE MAN & DISPLEASES ANO!R1 OR VICE V]SA4 ,SO ?AT ! :OLE EXI/+ SCI5CE ( AES!TICS FAILS TO DO :AT WE MIT1 OR ( ! BEAUTIFUL 7IF ?AT BE ! CONT5T ( >T71 OR ! NATURE ( TA/E 7IF TA/E DECIDES ! QUE/ION ( >T & ITS M]IT71 & !N1 ON ! BASIS ( SU* DEF9ITIONS1 ACKN[L$GE AS >T ?OSE PRODUCTIONS :I* CORRESPOND TO !SE LAWS1 & REJECT ?OSE :I* DO NOT COME UND] !M4 ,BUT ?IS SCI5CE ( AES!TICS CONSI/S 9 FIR/ ACKN[L$G+ A C]TA9 SET ( PRODUCTIONS TO BE >T 7BECAUSE !Y PLEASE US71 & !N FRAM+ SU* A !ORY ( >T ?AT ALL ?OSE PRODUCTIONS :I* PLEASE A C]TA9 CIRCLE ( PEOPLE %\LD FIT 9TO IT4 ,!RE EXI/S AN >T CANON1 ACCORD+ TO :I* C]TA9 PRODUCTIONS FAVOR$ BY \R CIRCLE >E ACKN[L$G$ AS BE+ >T1--,PHIDIAS1 ,SOPHOCLES1 ,HOM]1 ,TITIAN1 ,RAPHAEL1 ,BA*1 ,BEE?OV51 ,DANTE1 ,%AKESPE>1 ,GOE!1 & O!RS1--& ! AES!TIC LAWS MU/ BE SU* AS TO EMBRACE ALL !SE PRODUCTIONS4 ,9 AES!TIC LIT]ATURE Y\ WILL 9CESSANTLY MEET ) OP9IONS ON ! M]IT & IMPORTANCE ( >T1 F\ND$ NOT ON ANY C]TA9 LAWS BY :I* ?IS OR ?AT IS HELD TO BE GOOD OR BAD1 BUT M]ELY ON ! CONSID]ATION :E!R ?IS >T TALLIES ) ! >T CANON WE HAVE DRAWN UP4 #d#b,! O!R DAY ,I WAS READ+ A F> FROM ILL-WRITT5 BOOK BY ,FOLGELDT4 ,DISCUSS+ ! DEM& = MORALITY 9 WORKS ( >T1 ! AU?OR PLA9LY SAYS ?AT WE MU/ NOT DEM& MORALITY 9 >T4 ,& 9 PRO( ( ?IS HE ADVANCES ! FACT ?AT IF WE ADMIT SU* A DEM&1 ,%AKESPE>'S ,ROMEO & ,JULIET & ,GOE!'S ,WILHELM ,MEI/] W\LD NOT FIT 9TO ! DEF9ITION ( GOOD >T2 BUT S9CE BO? !SE BOOKS >E 9CLUD$ 9 \R CANON ( >T1 HE CONCLUDES ?AT ! DEM& IS UNJU/4 ,& !RE=E IT IS NECESS>Y TO F9D A DEF9ITION ( >T :I* %ALL FIT ! WORKS2 & 9/EAD ( A DEM& = MORALITY1 ,FOLGELDT PO/ULATES AS ! BASIS ( >T A DEM& = ! IMPORTANT 7,B$EUTUNGSVOLLES74 ,ALL ! EXI/+ AES!TIC /&>DS >E BUILT ON ?IS PLAN4 ,9/EAD ( GIV+ A DEF9ITION ( TRUE >T1 & !N DECID+ :AT IS & :AT IS NOT GOOD >T BY JUDG+ :E!R A WORK CON=MS OR DOES NOT CON=M TO ! DEF9ITION1 A C]TA9 CLASS ( WORKS1 :I* = SOME REASON PLEASE A C]TA9 CIRCLE ( PEOPLE1 IS ACCEPT$ AS BE+ >T1 & A DEF9ITION ( >T IS !N DEVIS$ TO COV] ALL !SE PRODUCTIONS4 ,I REC5TLY CAME UPON A REM>KABLE 9/ANCE ( ?IS ME?OD 9 A V]Y GOOD ,G]MAN WORK1 ,! ,HI/ORY ( ,>T 9 ! ,N9ETE5? ,C5TURY1 BY ,MU!R4 ,DESCRIB+ ! PRE-,RAPHAELITES1 ! ,DECAD5TS & ! ,SYMBOLI/S 7:O >E ALREADY 9CLUD$ 9 ! CANON ( >T71 HE NOT ONLY DOES NOT V5TURE TO BLAME !IR T5D5CY1 BUT E>NE/LY 5DEAVORS TO WID5 HIS /&>D SO ?AT IT MAY 9CLUDE !M ALL1 !Y APPE>+ TO HIM TO REPRES5T A LEGITIMATE REACTION FROM ! EXCESSES ( REALISM4 ,NO MATT] :AT 9SANITIES APPE> 9 >T1 :5 ONCE !Y F9D ACCEPTANCE AMONG ! UPP] CLASSES ( \R SOCIETY A !ORY IS QUICKLY 9V5T$ TO EXPLA9 & SANCTION !M2 JU/ AS IF !RE HAD NEV] BE5 P]IODS 9 HI/ORY :5 C]TA9 SPECIAL CIRCLES ( PEOPLE RECOGNIZ$ & APPROV$ FALSE1 DE=M$1 & 9S5SATE >T :I* SUBSEQU5TLY LEFT NO TRACE & HAS BE5 UTT]LY =GOTT54 ,& TO :AT L5G?S ! 9SANITY & DE=MITY ( >T MAY GO1 ESPECIALLY #d#c:51 AS 9 \R DAYS1 IT KN[S ?AT IT IS CONSID]$ 9FALLIBLE1 MAY BE SE5 BY :AT IS BE+ DONE 9 ! >T ( \R CIRCLE TO-DAY4 ,SO ?AT ! !ORY ( >T1 F\ND$ ON BEAUTY1 EXP\ND$ BY AES!TICS1 &1 9 DIM \TL9E1 PR(ESS$ BY ! PUBLIC1 IS NO?+ BUT ! SETT+ UP AS GOOD1 ( ?AT :I* HAS PLEAS$ & PLEASES US1 I4E4 PLEASES A C]TA9 CLASS ( PEOPLE4 ,9 ORD] TO DEF9E ANY HUMAN ACTIVITY1 IT IS NECESS>Y TO UND]/& ITS S5SE & IMPORTANCE4 ,&1 9 ORD] TO DO ?AT1 IT IS PRIM>ILY NECESS>Y TO EXAM9E ?AT ACTIVITY 9 ITSELF1 9 ITS DEP5D5CE ON ITS CAUSES1 & 9 CONNECTION ) ITS EFFECTS1 & NOT M]ELY 9 RELATION TO ! PLEASURE WE CAN GET FROM IT4 ,IF WE SAY ?AT ! AIM ( ANY ACTIVITY IS M]ELY \R PLEASURE1 & DEF9E IT SOLELY BY ?AT PLEASURE1 \R DEF9ITION WILL EVID5TLY BE A FALSE ONE4 ,BUT ?IS IS PRECISELY :AT HAS OCCURR$ 9 ! EF=TS TO DEF9E >T4 ,N[1 IF WE CONSID] ! FOOD QUE/ION1 IT WILL NOT OCCUR TO ANYONE TO AFFIRM ?AT ! IMPORTANCE ( FOOD CONSI/S 9 ! PLEASURE WE RECEIVE :5 EAT+ IT4 ,EV]YONE UND]/&S ?AT ! SATISFACTION ( \R TA/E CANNOT S]VE AS A BASIS = \R DEF9ITION ( ! M]ITS ( FOOD1 & ?AT WE HAVE !RE=E NO RIE ACCU/OM$ & :I* PLEASE US1 =M ! V]Y BE/ HUMAN FOOD4 ,& 9 ! SAME WAY1 BEAUTY1 OR ?AT :I* PLEASES US1 CAN 9 NO S5SE S]VE AS ! BASIS = ! DEF9ITION ( >T2 NOR CAN A S]IES ( OBJECTS :I* AF=D US PLEASURE S]VE AS ! MODEL ( :AT >T %\LD BE4 ,TO SEE ! AIM & PURPOSE ( >T 9 ! PLEASURE WE GET FROM IT1 IS LIKE ASSUM+ 7AS IS DONE BY PEOPLE ( ! L[E/ MORAL DEVELOPM5T1 E4G4 BY SAVAGES7 ?AT ! PURPOSE & AIM ( FOOD IS ! PLEASURE D]IV$ :5 CONSUM+ IT4 ,JU/ AS PEOPLE :O CONCEIVE ! AIM & PURPOSE ( FOOD TO BE PLEASURE CANNOT RECOGNIZE ! REAL MEAN+ ( EAT+1 #d#dSO PEOPLE :O CONSID] ! AIM ( >T TO BE PLEASURE CANNOT REALIZE ITS TRUE MEAN+ & PURPOSE1 BECAUSE !Y ATTRIBUTE TO AN ACTIVITY1 ! MEAN+ ( :I* LIES 9 ITS CONNECTION ) O!R PH5OM5A ( LIFE1 ! FALSE & EXCEPTIONAL AIM ( PLEASURE4 ,PEOPLE COME TO UND]/& ?AT ! MEAN+ ( EAT+ LIES 9 ! N\RI%M5T ( ! BODY ONLY :5 !Y CEASE TO CONSID] ?AT ! OBJECT ( ?AT ACTIVITY IS PLEASURE4 ,& IT IS ! SAME ) REG>D TO >T4 ,PEOPLE WILL COME TO UND]/& ! MEAN+ ( >T ONLY :5 !Y CEASE TO CONSID] ?AT ! AIM ( ?AT ACTIVITY IS BEAUTY1 I4E4 PLEASURE4 ,! ACKN[L$GM5T ( BEAUTY 7I4E4 ( A C]TA9 K9D ( PLEASURE RECEIV$ FROM >T7 AS BE+ ! AIM ( >T1 NOT ONLY FAILS TO ASSI/ US 9 F9D+ A DEF9ITION ( :AT >T IS1 BUT1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 BY TRANSF]R+ ! QUE/ION 9TO A REGION QUITE =EIGN TO >T 79TO METAPHYSICAL1 PSY*OLOGICAL1 PHYSIOLOGICAL1 & EV5 HI/ORICAL DISCUSSIONS AS TO :Y SU* A PRODUCTION PLEASES ONE P]SON1 & SU* ANO!R DISPLEASES OR PLEASES SOMEONE ELSE71 IT R5D]S SU* DEF9ITION IMPOSSIBLE4 ,& S9CE DISCUSSIONS AS TO :Y ONE MAN LIKES PE>S & ANO!R PREF]S MEAT DO NOT HELP T[>DS F9D+ A DEF9ITION ( :AT IS ESS5TIAL 9 N\RI%M5T1 SO ! SOLUTION ( QUE/IONS ( TA/E 9 >T 7TO :I* ! DISCUSSIONS ON >T 9VOLUNT>ILY COME7 NOT ONLY DOES NOT HELP TO MAKE CLE> :AT ?IS P>TICUL> HUMAN ACTIVITY :I* WE CALL >T REALLY CONSI/S 91 BUT R5D]S SU* ELUCIDATION QUITE IMPOSSIBLE1 UNTIL WE RID \RSELVES ( A CONCEPTION :I* JU/IFIES EV]Y K9D ( >T1 AT ! CO/ ( CONFUS+ ! :OLE MATT]4 ,TO ! QUE/ION1 ,:AT IS ?IS >T1 TO :I* IS (F]$ UP ! LABOR ( MILLIONS1 ! V]Y LIVES ( M51 & EV5 MORALITY ITSELF8 WE HAVE EXTRACT$ REPLIES FROM ! EXI/+ AES!TICS1 :I* ALL AM\NT TO ?IS3 ?AT ! AIM ( >T IS BEAUTY1 ?AT BEAUTY IS RECOGNIZ$ BY ! 5JOYM5T IT GIVES1 & ?AT >TI/IC 5JOYM5T IS A GOOD & IMPORTANT ?+1 BECAUSE IT IS 5JOYM5T4 ,9 A WORD1 ?AT 5JOYM5T IS GOOD #d#eBECAUSE IT IS 5JOYM5T4 ,?US1 :AT IS CONSID]$ ! DEF9ITION ( >T IS NO DEF9ITION AT ALL1 BUT ONLY A %UFFLE TO JU/IFY EXI/+ >T4 ,!RE=E1 H[EV] /RANGE IT MAY SEEM TO SAY SO1 9 SPITE ( ! M\NTA9S ( BOOKS WRITT5 AB\T >T1 NO EXACT DEF9ITION ( >T HAS BE5 CON/RUCT$4 ,& ! REASON ( ?IS IS ?AT ! CONCEPTION ( >T HAS BE5 BAS$ ON ! CONCEPTION ( BEAUTY4 ,FROM 3 ,GUT5B]G4ORG4 ,*RONOLOGY 3 ,NOVEMB] #c1 #ahif 3 ,*APT] #d -- ,PUBLICATION4 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3 HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/