,*APT] #i 

#ahigahig 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,LEO ,TOL/OY 

,TRANSLATOR 3 ,AYLM] ,MAUDE 

,TEXT 3 

,! UNBELIEF ( ! UPP] CLASSES ( ! ,EUROPEAN WORLD 
HAD ?IS EFFECT1 ?AT 9/EAD ( AN >TI/IC ACTIVITY AIM+ AT 
TRANSMITT+ ! HI<E/ FEEL+S TO :I* HUMANITY HAS 
ATTA9$1--?OSE FL[+ FROM RELIGI\S P]CEPTION1--WE HAVE 
AN ACTIVITY :I* AIMS AT AF=D+ ! GREATE/ 5JOYM5T 
TO A C]TA9 CLASS ( SOCIETY4 ,& ( ALL ! IMM5SE DOMA9 
( >T1 ?AT P>T HAS BE5 F5C$ (F1 & IS ALONE CALL$ >T1 
:I* AF=DS 5JOYM5T TO ! PEOPLE ( ?IS P>TICUL> 
CIRCLE4 

,AP>T FROM ! MORAL EFFECTS ON ,EUROPEAN SOCIETY ( SU* 
A SELECTION FROM ! :OLE SPH]E ( >T ( :AT DID NOT DES]VE 
SU* A VALUATION1 & ! ACKN[L$GM5T ( IT AS 
IMPORTANT >T1 ?IS P]V]SION ( >T HAS WEAK5$ >T ITSELF1 
& WELL-NI< DE/ROY$ IT4 ,! FIR/ GREAT RESULT WAS ?AT 
>T WAS DEPRIV$ ( ! 9F9ITE1 V>I$1 & PR(\ND RELIGI\S 
SUBJECT-MATT] PROP] TO IT4 ,! SECOND RESULT WAS ?AT 
HAV+ ONLY A SMALL CIRCLE ( PEOPLE 9 VIEW1 IT LO/ ITS BEAUTY 
( =M & BECAME AFFECT$ & OBSCURE2 & ! ?IRD & 
*IEF RESULT WAS ?AT IT CEAS$ TO BE EI!R NATURAL OR EV5 
S9C]E1 & BECAME ?OR\<LY >TIFICIAL & BRA9-SPUN4 

,! FIR/ RESULT--! IMPOV]I%M5T ( SUBJECT-MATT]--FOLL[$ 
BECAUSE ONLY ?AT IS A TRUE WORK ( >T :I* 
TRANSMITS FRE% FEEL+S NOT BE=E EXP]I5C$ BY MAN4 
,AS ?\<T-PRODUCT IS ONLY !N REAL ?\<T-PRODUCT :5 
IT TRANSMITS NEW CONCEPTIONS & ?\<TS1 & DOES NOT 
M]ELY REPEAT :AT WAS KN[N BE=E1 SO ALSO AN >T-PRODUCT 
IS ONLY !N A G5U9E >T-PRODUCT :5 IT BR+S 
#g#dA NEW FEEL+ 7H[EV] 9SIGNIFICANT7 9TO ! CURR5T ( 
HUMAN LIFE4 ,?IS EXPLA9S :Y *ILDR5 & Y\?S >E 
SO /RONGLY IMPRESS$ BY ?OSE WORKS ( >T :I* FIR/ 
TRANSMIT TO !M FEEL+S !Y HAD NOT BE=E EXP]I5C$4 

,! SAME P[]FUL IMPRESSION IS MADE ON PEOPLE BY FEEL+S 
:I* >E QUITE NEW1 & HAVE NEV] BE=E BE5 EXPRESS$ 
BY MAN4 ,& IT IS ! S\RCE FROM :I* SU* FEEL+S 
FL[ ( :I* ! >T ( ! UPP] CLASSES HAS DEPRIV$ 
ITSELF BY E/IMAT+ FEEL+S1 NOT 9 CON=MITY ) RELIGI\S 
P]CEPTION1 BUT ACCORD+ TO ! DEGREE ( 5JOYM5T !Y 
AF=D4 ,!RE IS NO?+ OLD] & MORE HACKNEY$ ?AN 
5JOYM5T1 & !RE IS NO?+ FRE%] ?AN ! FEEL+S 
SPR++ FROM ! RELIGI\S CONSCI\SNESS ( EA* AGE4 ,IT 
C\LD NOT BE O!RWISE3 MAN'S 5JOYM5T HAS LIMITS E/ABLI%$ 
BY HIS NATURE1 BUT ! MOVEM5T =W>D ( 
HUMANITY1 ?AT :I* IS VOIC$ BY RELIGI\S P]CEPTION1 HAS 
NO LIMITS4 ,AT EV]Y =W>D /EP TAK5 BY HUMANITY--& 
SU* /EPS >E TAK5 9 CONSEQU5CE ( ! GREAT] & 
GREAT] ELUCIDATION ( RELIGI\S P]CEPTION--M5 EXP]I5CE 
NEW & FRE% FEEL+S4 ,& !RE=E ONLY ON ! BASIS 
( RELIGI\S P]CEPTION 7:I* %[S ! HI<E/ LEVEL ( 
LIFE-COMPREH5SION REA*$ BY ! M5 ( A C]TA9 P]IOD7 
CAN FRE% EMOTION1 NEV] BE=E FELT BY MAN1 >ISE4 ,FROM 
! RELIGI\S P]CEPTION ( ! ANCI5T ,GREEKS FL[$ ! 
REALLY NEW1 IMPORTANT1 & 5DLESSLY V>I$ FEEL+S EXPRESS$ 
BY ,HOM] & ! TRAGIC WRIT]S4 ,IT WAS ! SAME 
AMONG ! ,JEWS1 :O ATTA9$ ! RELIGI\S CONCEPTION ( A 
S+LE ,GOD1--FROM ?AT P]CEPTION FL[$ ALL ?OSE NEW & 
IMPORTANT EMOTIONS EXPRESS$ BY ! PROPHETS4 ,IT WAS ! 
SAME = ! POETS ( ! ,MIDDLE ,AGES1 :O1 IF !Y BELIEV$ 
9 A HEAV5LY HI]>*Y1 BELIEV$ ALSO 9 ! ,CA?OLIC 
COMMUNE2 & IT IS ! SAME = A MAN ( TO-DAY :O HAS 
GRASP$ ! RELIGI\S CONCEPTION ( TRUE ,*RI/IANITY--! 
BRO!RHOOD ( MAN4 

,! V>IETY ( FRE% FEEL+S FL[+ FROM RELIGI\S 
#g#eP]CEPTION IS 5DLESS1 & !Y >E ALL NEW1 = RELIGI\S 
P]CEPTION IS NO?+ ELSE ?AN ! FIR/ 9DICATION ( ?AT 
:I* IS COM+ 9TO EXI/5CE1 VIZ4 ! NEW RELATION ( 
MAN TO ! WORLD >\ND HIM4 ,BUT ! FEEL+S FL[+ 
FROM ! DESIRE = 5JOYM5T >E1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 NOT 
ONLY LIMIT$1 BUT W]E LONG AGO EXP]I5C$ & EXPRESS$4 
,& !RE=E ! LACK ( BELIEF ( ! UPP] CLASSES ( 
,EUROPE HAS LEFT !M ) AN >T F$ ON ! POORE/ 
SUBJECT-MATT]4 

,! IMPOV]I%M5T ( ! SUBJECT-MATT] ( UPP]-CLASS 
>T WAS FUR!R 9CREAS$ BY ! FACT ?AT1 CEAS+ TO BE 
RELIGI\S1 IT CEAS$ ALSO TO BE POPUL>1 & ?IS AGA9 
DIM9I%$ ! RANGE ( FEEL+S :I* IT TRANSMITT$4 ,= 
! RANGE ( FEEL+S EXP]I5C$ BY ! P[]FUL & ! 
RI*1 :O HAVE NO EXP]I5CE ( LABOR = ! SUPPORT ( 
LIFE1 IS F> POOR]1 MORE LIMIT$1 & MORE 9SIGNIFICANT ?AN 
! RANGE ( FEEL+S NATURAL TO WORK+ PEOPLE4 

,PEOPLE ( \R CIRCLE1 AES!TICIANS1 USUALLY ?9K & SAY 
JU/ ! CONTR>Y ( ?IS4 ,I REMEMB] H[ ,GONT*>EFF1 ! 
AU?OR1 A V]Y CLEV] & $UCAT$ MAN BUT A ?OR\< T[NSMAN 
& AN AES!TICIAN1 SAID TO ME ?AT AFT] ,T\RG5IEFF'S 
,MEMOIRS ( A ,SPORTSMAN !RE WAS NO?+ LEFT TO WRITE AB\T 
9 PEASANT LIFE4 ,IT WAS ALL US$ UP4 ,! LIFE ( WORK+ 
PEOPLE SEEM$ TO HIM SO SIMPLE ?AT ,T\RG5IEFF'S PEASANT 
/ORIES HAD US$ UP ALL !RE WAS TO DESCRIBE4 ,! LIFE ( 
\R WEAL?Y PEOPLE1 ) !IR LOVE AFFAIRS & DISSATISFACTION 
) !MSELVES1 SEEM$ TO HIM FULL ( 9EXHAU/IBLE 
SUBJECT-MATT]4 ,ONE H]O KISS$ HIS LADY ON H] PALM1 
ANO!R ON H] ELB[1 & A ?IRD SOME:]E ELSE4 ,ONE 
MAN IS DISCONT5T$ ?R\< IDL5ESS1 & ANO!R BECAUSE 
PEOPLE DON'T LOVE HIM4 ,& ,GONT*>EFF ?\<T ?AT 9 
?IS SPH]E !RE IS NO 5D ( V>IETY4 ,& ?IS OP9ION--?AT 
! LIFE ( WORK+ PEOPLE IS POOR 9 SUBJECT-MATT]1 
BUT ?AT \R LIFE1 ! LIFE ( ! IDLE1 IS FULL ( 9T]E/--IS 
%>$ BY V]Y MANY PEOPLE 9 \R SOCIETY4 ,! LIFE ( 
#g#fA LABOR+ MAN1 ) ITS 5DLESSLY V>I$ =MS ( LABOR1 
& ! DANG]S CONNECT$ ) ?IS LABOR ON SEA & 
UND]GR\ND2 HIS MIGRATIONS1 ! 9T]C\RSE ) HIS EMPLOY]S1 
OV]SE]S1 & COMPANIONS & ) M5 ( O!R 
RELIGIONS & O!R NATIONALITIES2 HIS /RUGGLES ) NATURE 
& ) WILD BEA/S1 ! ASSOCIATIONS ) DOME/IC ANIMALS1 
! WORK 9 ! =E/1 ON ! /EPPE1 9 ! FIELD1 ! G>D51 
! OR*>D2 HIS 9T]C\RSE ) WIFE & *ILDR51 NOT ONLY 
AS ) PEOPLE NE> & DE> TO HIM1 BUT AS ) C[ORK]S 
& HELP]S 9 LABOR1 REPLAC+ HIM 9 TIME ( NE$2 HIS 
CONC]N 9 ALL ECONOMIC QUE/IONS1 NOT AS MATT]S ( DISPLAY 
OR DISCUSSION1 BUT AS PROBLEMS ( LIFE = HIMSELF & HIS 
FAMILY2 HIS PRIDE 9 SELF-SUPPRESSION & S]VICE TO O!RS1 
HIS PLEASURES ( REFRE%M5T2 & ) ALL !SE 9T]E/S 
P]MEAT$ BY A RELIGI\S ATTITUDE T[>DS !SE OCCURR5CES--ALL 
?IS TO US1 :O HAVE NOT !SE 9T]E/S & POSSESS NO 
RELIGI\S P]CEPTION1 SEEMS MONOTON\S 9 COMP>ISON ) 
?OSE SMALL 5JOYM5TS & 9SIGNIFICANT C>ES ( \R LIFE1--A 
LIFE1 NOT ( LABOR NOR ( PRODUCTION1 BUT ( CONSUMPTION & 
DE/RUCTION ( ?AT :I* O!RS HAVE PRODUC$ = US4 ,WE 
?9K ! FEEL+S EXP]I5C$ BY PEOPLE ( \R DAY & 
\R CLASS >E V]Y IMPORTANT & V>I$2 BUT 9 REALITY 
ALMO/ ALL ! FEEL+S ( PEOPLE ( \R CLASS AM\NT TO 
BUT ?REE V]Y 9SIGNIFICANT & SIMPLE FEEL+S--! FEEL+ 
( PRIDE1 ! FEEL+ ( SEXUAL DESIRE1 & ! FEEL+ ( 
WE>9ESS ( LIFE4 ,!SE ?REE FEEL+S1 ) !IR \TGR[?S1 
=M ALMO/ ! ONLY SUBJECT-MATT] ( ! >T ( 
! RI* CLASSES4 

,AT FIR/1 AT ! V]Y BEG9N+ ( ! SEP>ATION ( ! 
EXCLUSIVE >T ( ! UPP] CLASSES FROM UNIV]SAL >T1 ITS 
*IEF SUBJECT-MATT] WAS ! FEEL+ ( PRIDE4 ,IT WAS SO AT 
! TIME ( ! ,R5AISSANCE & AFT] IT1 :5 ! *IEF 
SUBJECT ( WORKS ( >T WAS ! LAUDATION ( ! /RONG--POPES1 
K+S1 & DUKES3 ODES & MADRIGALS W]E WRITT5 9 
!IR HONOR1 & !Y W]E EXTOLL$ 9 CANTATAS & HYMNS2 
#g#g!IR PORTRAITS W]E PA9T$1 & !IR /ATUES C>V$1 9 
V>I\S ADULATORY WAYS4 ,NEXT1 ! ELEM5T ( SEXUAL DESIRE 
BEGAN MORE & MORE TO 5T] 9TO >T1 & 7) V]Y FEW 
EXCEPTIONS1 & 9 NOVELS & DRAMAS ALMO/ )\T 
EXCEPTION7 IT HAS N[ BECOME AN ESS5TIAL FEATURE ( EV]Y 
>T PRODUCT ( ! RI* CLASSES4 

,! ?IRD FEEL+ TRANSMITT$ BY ! >T ( ! RI*--?AT 
( DISCONT5T ) LIFE--APPE>$ YET LAT] 9 MOD]N >T4 
,?IS FEEL+1 :I*1 AT ! COMM5CEM5T ( ! PRES5T 
C5TURY1 WAS EXPRESS$ ONLY BY EXCEPTIONAL M52 BY ,BYRON1 
BY ,LEOP>DI1 & AFT]W>DS BY ,HE9E1 HAS LATT]LY BECOME 
FA%IONABLE & IS EXPRESS$ BY MO/ ORD9>Y & EMPTY 
PEOPLE4 ,MO/ JU/LY DOES ! ,FR5* CRITIC ,D\MIC 
*>ACT]IZE ! WORKS ( ! NEW WRIT]S--0C'E/ LA 
LASSITUDE DE VIV]1 LE MEPRIS DE L'EPOQUE PRES5TE1 LE REGRET 
D'UN AUTRE TEMPS AP]CU A TRAV]S L'ILLUSION DE L'>T1 LE 
G\T DU P>ADOXE1 LE BESO9 DE SE S+UL>IS]1 UNE ASPIRATION 
DE RAFF9ES V]S LA SIMPLICITE1 L'ADORATION 5FANT9E DU 
M]VEILLEUX1 LA S$UCTION MALADIVE DE LA REV]IE1 L'EBRANLEM5T 
DES N]FS1--SURT\T L'APPEL EXASP]E DE LA S5SUALITE0 7,LES 
,JEUNES1 ,]NE ,D\MIC74.<#f#g.> ,&1 AS A MATT] ( FACT1 ( !SE 
?REE FEEL+S IT IS S5SUALITY1 ! L[E/ 7ACCESSIBLE NOT 
ONLY TO ALL M5 BUT EV5 TO ALL ANIMALS7 :I* =MS ! 
*IEF SUBJECT-MATT] ( WORKS ( >T ( REC5T TIMES4 

,FROM ,BOCCACCIO TO ,M>CEL ,PREVO/1 ALL ! NOVELS1 POEMS1 
& V]SES 9V>IABLY TRANSMIT ! FEEL+ ( SEXUAL LOVE 9 
ITS DIFF]5T =MS4 ,ADULT]Y IS NOT ONLY ! FAVORITE1 BUT 
ALMO/ ! ONLY !ME ( ALL ! NOVELS4 ,A P]=MANCE IS 
NOT A P]=MANCE UNLESS1 UND] SOME PRET5SE1 WOM5 APPE> 
#g#h) NAK$ BU/S & LIMBS4 ,SONGS & ROMANCES--ALL >E 
EXPRESSIONS ( LU/1 IDEALIZ$ 9 V>I\S DEGREES4 

,A MAJORITY ( ! PICTURES BY ,FR5* >TI/S REPRES5T 
FEMALE NAK$NESS 9 V>I\S =MS4 ,9 REC5T ,FR5* 
LIT]ATURE !RE IS H>DLY A PAGE OR A POEM 9 :I* 
NAK$NESS IS NOT DESCRIB$1 & 9 :I*1 RELEVANTLY OR 
IRRELEVANTLY1 !IR FAVORITE ?\<T & WORD NU IS NOT 
REPEAT$ A C\PLE ( TIMES4 ,!RE IS A C]TA9 WRIT]1 ,]NE 
DE ,G\RMOND1 :O GETS PR9T$1 & IS CONSID]$ TAL5T$4 
,TO GET AN IDEA ( ! NEW WRIT]S1 ,I READ HIS NOVEL1 ,LES 
,*EVAUX DE ,DIOM$E4 ,IT IS A CONSECUTIVE & DETAIL$ 
ACC\NT ( ! SEXUAL CONNECTIONS SOME G5TLEMAN HAD ) 
V>I\S WOM54 ,EV]Y PAGE CONTA9S LU/-K9DL+ DESCRIPTIONS4 
,IT IS ! SAME 9 ,PI]RE ,L\YS' BOOK1 ,APHRODITE1 
:I* MET ) SUCCESS2 IT IS ! SAME 9 A BOOK ,I LATELY 
*ANC$ UPON--,HUYSMANS' ,C]TA9S1 &1 ) BUT FEW 
EXCEPTIONS1 IT IS ! SAME 9 ALL ! ,FR5* NOVELS4 ,!Y 
>E ALL ! PRODUCTIONS ( PEOPLE SUFF]+ FROM ]OTIC 
MANIA4 ,& !SE PEOPLE >E EVID5TLY CONV9C$ ?AT AS 
!IR :OLE LIFE1 9 CONSEQU5CE ( !IR DISEAS$ CONDITION1 
IS CONC5TRAT$ ON AMPLIFY+ V>I\S SEXUAL ABOM9ATIONS1 
!RE=E ! LIFE ( ALL ! WORLD IS SIMIL>LY CONC5TRAT$4 
,& !SE PEOPLE1 SUFF]+ FROM ]OTIC MANIA1 >E IMITAT$ 
?R\<\T ! :OLE >TI/IC WORLD ( ,EUROPE & ,AM]ICA4 

,?US 9 CONSEQU5CE ( ! LACK ( BELIEF & ! 
EXCEPTIONAL MANN] ( LIFE ( ! WEAL?Y CLASSES1 ! >T 
( ?OSE CLASSES BECAME IMPOV]I%$ 9 ITS SUBJECT-MATT]1 
& HAS SUNK TO ! TRANSMISSION ( ! FEEL+S ( PRIDE1 
DISCONT5T ) LIFE1 &1 ABOVE ALL1 ( SEXUAL DESIRE4 

,FROM 3 ,GUT5B]G4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #ahif 3 ,*APT] #i -- ,PUBLICATION4 

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