,:AT IS ,COMMUNISM8 ,PEOPLE 3 ,AU?OR 3 ,PAUL ,MATTICK ,TEXT 3 ,PUBLI%$3 9 ,9T]NATIONAL ,C\NCIL ,CORRESPOND5CE ,VOL4 #a1 NO4#a1 ,OCTOB] #a#i#c#d1 PP #a-#i4 ,S\RCE3 ,ANTONIE ,PANNEKOEK ,>*IVES ,TRANSCRIB$3 BY ,GRAHAM ,DY] ,9 COMMUNISM1 ! PROCESS ( PRODUCTION IS NO LONG] A PROCESS ( CAPITAL EXPANSION1 BUT ONLY A LABOR PROCESS 9 :I* SOCIETY DRAWS FROM NATURE ! MEANS ( CONSUMPTION :I* IT NE$S4 ,NO LONG] >E VALUES PRODUC$1 BUT ONLY >TICLES = USE4 ,AS AN ECONOMIC CRIT]ION1 ! NECESSITY ( :I* IS UND5IABLE1 S9CE BO? PRODUCTION & ! PRODUCTIVE APP>ATUS MU/ BE MADE TO CON=M TO ! SOCIAL NE$1 ! ONLY ?+ :I* CAN /ILL S]VE IS ! LABOR TIME EMPLOY$ 9 ! PRODUCTION ( GOODS4 ,IT IS NO LONG] ! 'VALUE' BUT ! CALCULATION 9 T]MS ( USE >TICLES & ! IMM$IATE LABOR TIME REQUIR$ = !IR PRODUCTION :I* IS ! NECESS>Y =M ( EXPRESSION ( A REGULAT$ COMMUNI/ ECONOMY4 ,& SO1 FROM ! /&PO9T ( ,M>XISM1 ! ,RUSSIAN EXP]IM5TS 9 PLANN$ ECONOMY >E NOT TO BE RAT$ AS SOCIALI/IC4 ,! ,RUSSIAN PRACTICE IS NOT DIRECT$ ACCORD+ TO COMMUNI/ PR9CIPLES1 BUT FOLL[S ! LAWS ( CAPITALI/ ACCUMULATION4 ,WE HAVE H]E1 EV5 ?\< 9 MODIFI$ =M1 A SURPLUS-VALUE PRODUCTION UND] ! IDEOLOGICAL CAM\FLAGE ( 0SOCIALI/ CON/RUCTION04 ,! WAGE RELATION IS ID5TICAL ) ?AT ( CAPITALI/ PRODUCTION1 =M+ ALSO 9 ,RUSSIA ! BASIS = ! EXI/5CE ( A GR[+ BUREAUCRACY ) M\NT+ PRIVILEGES2 A BUREAUCRACY :I*1 BY ! SIDE ( ! PRIVATE CAPITALI/ ELEM5TS :I* >E /ILL PRES5T1 IS /RICTLY TO BE APPRIZ$ AS A NEW CLASS APPROPRIAT+ TO ITSELF SURPLUS LABOR & SURPLUS VALUE4 ,FROM ! ,RUSSIAN EXP]I5CE NO POSITIVE CONCLUSIONS CAN BE DRAWN :I* HAVE A RELATION TO COMMUNI/ PRODUCTION & DI/RIBUTION4 ,IT /ILL (F]S ONLY EXAMPLES ( ! WAY 9 :I* COMMUNISM CANNOT BE DEVELOP$4 ,! DECISIVE PROBLEMS ( A COMMUNI/ ECONOMY DO NOT COME UP UNTIL AFT] ! M>KET1 WAGE LABOR1 MONEY1 ETC41 HAVE BE5 COMPLETELY DISP5S$ )4 ,! V]Y FACT ( ! EXI/5CE ( ! WAGE RELATION SIGNIFIES ?AT ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION >E NOT CONTROLL$ BY ! PRODUC]S1 BUT /& OV] AGA9/ !M 9 ! =M ( CAPITAL2 & ?IS CIRCUM/ANCE FUR!R COMPELS A REPRODUCTION PROCESS 9 ! =M ( CAPITAL ACCUMULATION4 ,?IS LATT] IS1 BY ! ,M>XI/ !ORY1 BESIDE & BECAUSE ( ITS VALIDITY AS A LAW ( CRISES & COLLAPSE1 AT ! SAME TIME ! ACCUMULATION ( MIS]Y1 & H5CE ALSO ! ,RUSSIAN WORK]S >E ACTUALLY GR[+ POOR] AT ! SAME RATE AS CAPITAL ACCUMULATES4 ,! PRODUCTIVITY ( ! ,RUSSIAN WORK]S 9CREASES FA/] ?AN !IR WAGES2 ( ! 9CREAS+ SOCIAL PRODUCT !Y RECEIVE A RELATIVELY EV] SMALL] %>E4 ,TO ,M>X ?IS RELATIVE PAUP]IZATION ( ! WORK+ POPULATION 9 ! C\RSE ( ACCUMULATION IS ONLY A PHASE ( ! ABSOLUTE PAUP]IZATION2 IT IS ONLY ANO!R EXPRESSION = ! 9CREAS+ EXPLOITATION ( ! WORK]S1 & TO D5OM9ATE ?IS AS ! 0GR[? ( SOCIALISM0 IS AFT] ALL H>DLY POSSIBLE4 ,! GI/ ( ! ,BOL%EVI/ 0!ORY ( SOCIALIZATION0 MAY BE SKET*$ AS FOLL[S3 ,) ! REVOLUTION>Y OV]?R[1 I4E4 ! EXPROPRIATION ( CAPITAL1 ! P[] OV] ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION & H5CE ! CONTROL OV] PRODUCTION & ! DI/RIBUTION ( ! PRODUCTS PASSES 9TO ! H&S ( ! /ATE APP>ATUS4 ,?IS LATT] !N ORGANIZES ! V>I\S BRAN*ES ( PRODUCTION 9 ACCORDANCE ) A PLAN & PUTS !M1 AS A /ATE MONOPOLY1 AT ! S]VICE ( SOCIETY4 ,) ! AID ( /ATI/ICS1 ! C5TRAL AU?ORITY COMPUTES & DET]M9ES ! MAGNITUDE & K9D ( PRODUCTION1 AS ALSO ! APPORTIONM5T ( ! PRODUCTS & PRODUC]S4 ,TO BE SURE1 ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION HAVE H]E PASS$ FROM ! H&S ( ! PRIVATE 5TREPR5EURS 9TO ?OSE ( ! ,/ATE2 AS REG>DS ! PRODUC]S1 H[EV]1 NO?+ HAS *ANG$4 ,NO MORE ?AN UND] CAPITALISM DO !Y !MSELVES EX]CISE ! COMM& OV] ! PRODUCTS ( !IR LABOR1 = !Y /ILL LACK ! CONTROL OV] ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION4 ,JU/ AS BE=E1 !IR ONLY MEANS ( LIVELIHOOD IS ! SALE ( !IR LABOR P[]4 ,! ONLY DIFF]5CE IS ?AT !Y >E NO LONG] REQUIR$ TO DEAL ) ! 9DIVIDUAL CAPITALI/1 BUT ) ! TOTAL CAPITALI/1 ! ,/ATE1 AS ! PUR*AS] ( LABOR P[]4 ,9 ! M9D ( ! ,BOL%EVI/ !ORETICIAN1 AS 9 ?AT ( ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRAT1 MONOPOLY CAPITALISM HAS ALREADY MADE PRODUCTION 0RIPE = SOCIALIZ+02 ! ONLY ?+ LEFT TO DO IS TO GIVE A 0SOCIALI/IC0 =M TO DI/RIBUTION4 ,! DECISIVE ASPECT ( ! MATT] H]E IS ! ORGANIZATIONAL-TE*NICAL SIDE ( ! PRODUCTION PROCESS2 ! SIDE DEVELOP$ BY MONOPOLY CAPITALISM OR TO BE COPI$ FROM IT1 9/EAD ( ! TRULY BASIC FACTOR ( COMMUNI/ ECONOMY3 ! ECONOMIC RELATION BETWE5 PRODUCT & PRODUC]4 ,! CONCEPTION ?AT ! M]E C5TRALIZATION ( ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION 9 ! H&S ( ! ,/ATE IS TO BE REG>D$ AS SOCIALIZATION PRECLUD$ ! PRACTICAL EMPLOYM5T ( AN ACC\NT+ UNIT 9 KEEP+ ) A COMMUNI/ MODE ( ECONOMY4 ,C5TRALIZ$ P[] OV] SOCIAL PRODUCTION & DI/RIBUTION ADMITT$ ( NO =M ( ACC\NT+ BY :I* AN UN9T]RUPT$ ECONOMIC PROCESS WAS POSSIBLE AS A SUB/ITUTE = MONEY ECONOMY4 ,! ,RUSSIAN ATTEMPTS AT A NATURAL ECONOMY DUR+ ! P]IOD ( 0W> COMMUNISM0 COMPLETELY MISC>RI$4 ,MONEY ACC\NT+ HAD TO BE REE/ABLI%$4 ,UND] CAPITALISM1 ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION 7MP7 & LABOR 7L71 APPE> AS CON/ANT 7C7 & V>IABLE 7V7 CAPITAL4 ,! VALUES C "4 V CAN BE APPLI$ CAPITALI/ICALLY ONLY SO LONG AS !Y PRODUCE SURPLUS VALUE 7S74 ,! CAPITALI/IC =MULA ( PRODUCTION IS C "4 V "4 S4 ,IT IS ONLY BECAUSE MP "4 L APPE> AS C "4 V1 ?AT IT IS POSSIBLE TO ATTA9 S4 ,IF C "4 V DROPS \T1 SO ALSO DOES S1 & VICE V]SA4 ,:AT REMA9S IS ! CONCRETE1 MAT]IAL =M ( C "4 V1 ?AT IS MP "4 L1 ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION & LABOR4 ,! COMMUNI/ =MULA ( PRODUCTION IS - MP "4 L4 ,! DEVELOPM5T ( MP & L PROCE$S 9 ANY SOCIETY2 IT IS NO?+ O!R ?AN ! 0MAT]IAL 9T]ACTION BETWE5 MAN & NATURE04 ,! =MULA C "4 V "4 S1 H[EV]1 IS HI/ORICALLY B\ND UP ) CAPITALI/ SOCIETY4 ,IF UND] CAPITALISM IT WAS ONLY ! 9T]E/ 9 S :I* DET]M9$ ! DEVELOPM5T ( C "4 V1 S9CE H]E ! NE$ = ! EXPANSION ( CAPITAL PREVAILS OV] ! SOCIAL NE$S1 UND] COMMUNISM ON ! O!R H&1 IT IS ONLY ! SOCIAL NE$S :I* DET]M9E ! DEVELOPM5T ( MP "4 L4 ,! =MULA C "4 V "4 S PRESUPPOSES EX*ANGE BETWE5 ! [N]S ( C "4 V & ! [N]S ( L4 ,IF C "4 V IS LACK+1 SO ALSO IS ?IS EX*ANGE4 ,IT IS NOT UNTIL MP HAS CEAS$ TO CONFRONT ! WORK]S 9 ! =M ( CAPITAL1 :5 IT REMA9S M]ELY AS ! TOOL ( SOCIETY & IS NO?+ ELSE1 ?AT IT IS POSSIBLE TO SPEAK ( A COMMUNI/ ECONOMY3 0,ITS APPORTIONM5T 9 ACCORDANCE ) A DEF9ITE SOCIAL PLAN MA9TA9S ! PROP] PROPORTION BETWE5 ! DIFF]5T K9DS ( WORK TO BE DONE & ! V>I\S WANTS ( ! COMMUNITY4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 IT ALSO S]VES AS A MEASURE ( ! PORTION ( ! COMMON LABOR BORNE BY EA* 9DIVIDUAL1 & ( HIS %>E 9 ! P>T ( ! TOTAL PRODUCT DE/9$ = 9DIVIDUAL CONSUMPTION4 ,! SOCIAL RELATIONS ( ! 9DIVIDUAL PRODUC]S1 ) REG>D BO? TO !IR LABOR & TO ITS PRODUCTS1 >E 9 ?IS CASE P]FECTLY SIMPLE & 9TELLIGIBLE1 & ?AT ) REG>D NOT ONLY TO PRODUCTION BUT ALSO TO DI/RIBUTION04 7,CAPITAL1 ,VOL4 ,I1 ,PAGE #i-#i#a74 ,TAK+ ! SOCIAL AV]AGE WORK+ H\R AS ! COMPUT+ UNIT ( COMMUNI/ SOCIETY1 IT MU/ BE CAPABLE ( EMBRAC+ ALL CATEGORIES ( PRODUCTION & DI/RIBUTION4 ,! WORK+ H\R UNIT MU/ BE APPLICABLE1 ?AT IS1 TO ! QUANTITATIVE CONSUMPTION1 ! QUANTITATIVE REPRODUCTION & ! QUANTITATIVE EXPANSION ( ! PRODUCTIVE =CES4 ,EA* 5T]PRISE MU/ DET]M9E ! NUMB] ( WORK+ H\RS IT CONSUMES1 SO ?AT !Y CAN BE REPLAC$ 9 ! SAME MAGNITUDE4 ,COMPUTATION BY WORK+ H\RS IS NOT DIFFICULT1 AS ALL ! PRESUPPOSITIONS = IT HAVE ALREADY BE5 =M$ BY CAPITALI/ CO/ ACC\NT+4 ,9 P>TICUL>1 ! CAPITALI/ PROCESS ( RATIONALIZATION HAS DEVELOP$ COMPUT+ ME?ODS :I* >E CAPABLE ( GETT+ AT ! CO/ PRICE BO? AS A :OLE & ALSO D[N 9TO ! LA/ DETAIL4 ,& :ILE !SE COMPUT+ ME?ODS >E TODAY RELAT$ TO ! COMMON D5OM9ATOR ( MONEY1 !IR CONV]SION 9TO ! WORK+ H\R IS ATT5D$ BY NO DIFFICULTIES4 ,! PRODUCTION =MULA ( ANY 5T]PRISE1 AS ALSO ?AT ( SOCIETY AS A :OLE1 IS V]Y SIMPLE4 ,WE HAVE ALREADY /AT$ IT AS FOLL[S3 MP "4 L "7 PRODUCT4 ,) ! AID ( ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION1 HUMAN LABOR PRODUCES A QUANTITY ( GOODS4 ,WE DI/+UI% BETWE5 TWO DIFF]5T K9DS ( MEANS ( PRODUCTION3 FIX$ & CIRCULAT+4 ,SO WE BROAD5 \R =MULA 9 ACCORDANCE ) ?IS DI/9CTION4 MP "4 R "4 L MA*9ES1 ETC4 RAW MAT]IAL1 ETC4 LABOR P[] #a1 WORK+ H\RS #g1 WORK+ H\RS #g1 WORK+ H\RS ,ASSUM+ ?AT !SE FIGURES >E APPLICABLE TO A %OE FACTORY3 MP "4 R "4 L "7 PRODUCT -- #a1 "4 #g1 "4 #g1 "7 #e1 PAIRS ( %OES 9 #a#e1 WORK+ H\RS1 OR AN AV]AGE ( ?REE WORK+ H\RS IS CONSUM$ 9 EA* PAIR4 ,9 ?IS PRODUCTION =MULA WE HAVE AT ! SAME TIME ! REPRODUCTION =MULA = SIMPLE REPRODUCTION4 ,WE KN[ H[ MANY LABOR H\RS W]E )DRAWN FROM ?IS FACTORY = ! PRODUCTION ( #e1 PAIRS ( %OES4 ,! SAME NUMB] ( LABOR H\RS MU/ ACCORD+LY BE RE/OR$ TO IT4 ,& :AT HOLDS = ! S+LE 5T]PRISE HOLDS ALSO = ! :OLE ( SOCIETY1 :I* ( C\RSE IS ONLY ! SUM TOTAL ( ALL 5T]PRISES4 ,! TOTAL SOCIAL PRODUCT IS ! PRODUCT ( MP "4 R "4 L ( ALL 5T]PRISES4 ,TO DI/+UI% ! PRODUCTION =MULA ( ! S+LE 5T]PRISES FROM ?AT ( SOCIETY AS A :OLE1 WE SELECT CAPITAL LETT]S = ! LATT]4 ,! =MULA = ! SOCIAL PRODUCT 7,S,P7 !N READS3 ,M,P "4 ,R "4 ,L "7 ,S,P4 ,ASSUM+ ,M,P 7! SUM ( ALL ! FIX$ MEANS ( PRODUCTION7 TO AM\NT TO #a MILLION LABOR H\RS1 ! CORRESPOND+ SUM ,R TO AM\NT TO #f MILLION1 & ! LABOR TIME CONSUM$ TO BE EQUAL TO #f MILLION1 WE HAVE ! FOLL[+ = ! TOTAL PRODUCT3 ,M,P "4 ,R "4 ,L "7 ,S,P - #a "4 #f "4 #f "7 #a1#c4 ,( ! TOTAL PRODUCTION ( #a1#c MILLION LABOR H\RS1 9 CONDITIONS ( SIMPLE REPRODUCTION1 7I4E4-:5 NO EXPANSION ( PRODUCTION OCCURS71 WE ASSUME ?AT #f MILLION LABOR H\RS >E TURN$ OV] TO ! CONSUM]S 9 ! =M ( MEANS ( CONSUMPTION4 ,! APPLICATION ( ! SOCIAL AV]AGE LABOR H\R AS ! COMPUT+ UNIT PRESUPPOSES ! EXI/5CE ( WORK]S' C\NCILS 7SOVIETS74 ,EA* 5T]PRISE COMES =W>D AS AN 9DEP5D5T UNIT & IS AT ! SAME TIME1 AS WE %ALL %[ LAT]1 CONNECT$ ) ALL ! O!R 5T]PRISES4 ,AS A RESULT ( ! DIVISION ( LABOR1 EA* FACTORY HAS C]TA9 5D PRODUCTS4 ,) ! AID ( ! PRODUCTION =MULA MP "4 R "4 L EA* 5T]PRISE CAN COMPUTE ! LABOR TIME CONTA9$ 9 ITS 5D PRODUCTS4 ,9 ! %OE FACTORY TAK5 AS AN EXAMPLE1 ! 5D PRODUCT 7ONE PAIR ( %OES7 - CONTA9S AN AV]AGE ( ?REE WORK+ H\RS4 ,?IS AV]AGE CAN BE F\ND = EA* PRODUCT 9 EA* 5T]PRISE4 ,! 5D PRODUCT ( AN 5T]PRISE1 9S(> AS IT IS NOT DE/9$ = 9DIVIDUAL CONSUMPTION1 GOES TO ANO!R 5T]PRISE EI!R 9 ! =M ( MP OR R1 & ?IS ONE 9 TURN COMPUTES ITS 5D PRODUCTS 9 LABOR H\RS4 ,! SAME ?+ HOLDS = ALL PLACES ( PRODUCTION1 )\T REG>D TO ! MAGNITUDE OR K9D ( !IR PRODUCTS4 ,:5 ! 9DIVIDUAL 5T]PRISES HAVE DET]M9$ ! AV]AGE LABOR TIME CONTA9$ 9 !IR PRODUCTS1 IT /ILL REMA9S TO F9D ! SOCIAL AV]AGE4 ,ALL 5T]PRISES ( ! SAME NATURE1 I4E4 TURN+ \T ! SAME K9D ( PRODUCTS1 MU/ GET 9 T\* ) EA* O!R4 ,FROM ! 9DIVIDUAL 5T]PRISES ( A DET]M9ATE 9DU/RY1 9 A GIV5 T]RITORY1 WILL BE D]IV$ ! TOTAL AV]AGE ( ALL ! GIV5 AV]AGES 7AV]AGE ( AV]AGES7 = !SE 5T]PRISES4 ,TO TAKE A R\< EXAMPLE3 IF #a %OE FACTORIES /RIKE AN AV]AGE ( ?REE H\RS1 #a O!RS AN AV]AGE ( TWO1 !N ! G5]AL AV]AGE = A PAIR ( %OES IS #b-#a_/#b H\RS4 ,! V>Y+ AV]AGES RESULT FROM ! V>Y+ PRODUCTIVITY ( ! 9DIVIDUAL 5T]PRISES4 ,?\< ?IS IS A CONDITION 9H]IT$ FROM CAPITALISM1 & ! DIFF]5CES 9 PRODUCTIVITY WILL SL[LY DISAPPE>1 ! DEFICIT ( ONE 5T]PRISE MU/ 9 ! MEAN:ILE BE MADE UP ?R\< ! SURPLUS ( ! O!R4 ,FROM ! /&PO9T ( SOCIETY1 H[EV]1 !RE IS ONLY ! SOCIAL AV]AGE PRODUCTIVITY4 ,! DET]M9ATION ( ! SOCIAL LABOR TIME CALLS = ! C>TELIZATION ( ! 9DIVIDUAL 5T]PRISES4 ,! OPPOSITION BETWE5 ! FACTORY-AV]AGE & ! SOCIAL-AV]AGE LABOR TIME COMES TO AN 5D 9 ! PRODUCTION C>TEL4 ,! SOCIAL AV]AGE LABOR TIME DECREASES ) ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! PRODUCTIVITY ( LABOR4 ,IF ! PRODUCT ?US 0*EAP5$0 IS ONE = 9DIVIDUAL CONSUMPTION1 IT GOES 9TO CONSUMPTION ) ?IS R$UC$ AV]AGE4 ,IF IT IS AN 5D PRODUCT US$ BY O!R 5T]PRISES AS MEANS ( PRODUCTION1 !N ! CONSUMPTION ( MP "4 R = !SE 5T]PRISES FALLS1 ! PRODUCTION 0CO/S0 DECL9E & H5CE ! AV]AGE LABOR TIME = ! PRODUCTS ( !SE 5T]PRISES IS R$UC$4 ,! MATT] ( COMP5SAT+ = ! V>IATIONS CAUS$ 9 ?IS WAY IS A PURELY TE*NICAL PROBLEM :I* PRES5TS NO SPECIAL DIFFICULTIES4 ,IF ! WORK+ H\R S]VES AS A MEASURE ( PRODUCTION1 IT MU/ LIKEWISE BE APPLICABLE TO DI/RIBUTION4 ,A V]Y CLE> /ATEM5T ( ?IS UNIT IS GIV5 BY ,M>X3 7,CRITIQUE ( ! ,GO?A ,PROGRAM1 PAGE #b#i7 - 0,:AT ! PRODUC] HAS GIV5 TO SOCIETY IS HIS 9DIVIDUAL AM\NT ( LABOR4 ,= EXAMPLE3 ! SOCIAL WORK+-DAY CONSI/S ( ! SUM ( ! 9DIVIDUALS' H\RS ( WORK4 ,! 9DIVIDUAL WORK+-TIME ( ! 9DIVIDUAL PRODUC] IS ?AT P>T ( ! SOCIAL WORK+-DAY CONTRIBUT$ BY HIM1 HIS P>T !RE(4 ,HE RECEIVES FROM SOCIETY A V\*] ?AT HE HAS CONTRIBUT$ SU* & SU* QUANTITY ( WORK 7AFT] D$UCTIONS FROM HIS WORK = ! COMMON FUND7 & DRAWS ?R\< ?IS V\*] ON ! SOCIAL /OREH\SE AS MU* ( ! MEANS ( CONSUMPTION AS ! SAME QUANTITY ( WORK CO/S4 ,! SAME AM\NT ( WORK :I* HE HAS GIV5 TO SOCIETY 9 ONE =M1 HE RECEIVES BACK 9 ANO!R04 ,! SPECIALIZATION ( LABOR MAKES NECESS>Y ! USE ( SOME SORT ( C]TIFICATES = DRAW+ FROM ! FUND ( SOCIAL >TICLES ( CONSUMPTION4 ,EA* PRODUC] RECEIVES A NUMB] ( !SE C]TIFICATES CORRESPOND+ TO ! NUMB] ( H\RS ( LABOR HE HAS P]=M$4 ,!SE C]TIFICATES MAY BE CALL$ LABOR MONEY1 ?\< !Y >E NOT MONEY AT ALL 9 ! CAPITALI/IC S5SE4 0,! PRODUC]S01 WRITES ,M>X1 0MAY EV5TUALLY RECEIVE PAP] *ECKS1 BY MEANS ( :I* !Y )DRAW FROM ! SOCIAL SUPPLY ( MEANS ( CONSUMPTION A %>E CORRESPOND+ TO !IR LABOR-TIME4 ,!SE *ECKS >E NOT MONEY4 ,!Y DO NOT CIRCULATE40 7,CAPITAL1 ,VOL4 #b - PAGE #d#a#b74 ,! WORK]S CANNOT1 H[EV]1 RECEIVE ! FULL \TPUT ( !IR LABOR4 ,! LABOR TIME IS NOT ! DIRECT MEASURE = ! P>T ( ! SOCIAL PRODUCT DE/9$ = 9DIVIDUAL CONSUMPTION4 ,AS ,M>X GOES ON TO EXPLA93 0,LET US TAKE ! WORDS 0PROCE$S ( LABOR0 9 ! S5SE ( ! PRODUCT ( LABOR1 ?US ! COOP]ATIVE PROCE$S ( LABOR IS ! TOTAL SOCIAL PRODUCT4 ,BUT FROM ?IS MU/ BE D$UCT$3 FIR/LY1 REIMBURSEM5T = ! REPLACEM5T ( ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION US$ UP2 SECONDLY1 AN ADDITIONAL PORTION = ! EXT5SION ( PRODUCTION2 ?IRDLY1 RES]VE OR 9SURANCE FUNDS TO PROVIDE AGA9/ MISADV5TURES1 DI/URBANCES ?R\< NATURAL EV5TS1 & SO ON40 ,!RE IS LEFT ! O!R PORTION ( ! TOTAL PRODUCT :I* IS MEANT TO S]VE DEF9ITELY AS MEANS ( CONSUMPTION4 ,BUT BE=E ?IS CAN GO = 9DIVIDUAL CONSUMPTION !RE HAS TO BE TAK5 FROM IT YET3 FIR/LY1 ! G5]AL CO/S ( ADM9I/RATION NOT APP]TA9+ TO PRODUCTION2 SECONDLY1 :AT IS DE/9$ = ! SATISFACTION ( COMMUNAL NE$S1 SU* AS S*OOLS1 HEAL?1 S]VICES1 ETC42 ?IRDLY1 FUNDS = ?OSE UNABLE TO WORK1 ETC41 9 %ORT1 :AT COMES UND] ! HEAD+ ( SO-CALL$ (FICIAL POOR RELIEF TODAY4 7,CRITIQUE ( ! ,GO?A ,PROGRAM - PAGE #b#g47 ,?OSE 9/ITUTIONS :I* PRODUCE NO TANGIBLE GOODS 7CULTURAL & SOCIAL E/ABLI%M5TS7 & YET P>TICIPATE 9 ! SOCIAL CONSUMPTION MAY BE RECKON$ AS 5T]PRISES4 ,!IR S]VICES GO OV] 9TO SOCIETY )\T DELAY2 PRODUCTION & DI/RIBUTION H]E >E ONE4 ,9 ! CASE ( !SE 5T]PRISES1 ! F9AL GOAL ( COMMUNISM1 0! TAK+ ACCORD+ TO NE$01 IS ALREADY ACTUALIZ$2 !IR DI/RIBUTION IS GOV]N$ BY NO ECONOMIC MEASURE4 ,WE CALL !SE PUBLIC 5T]PRISES1 OR 5T]PRISES = G5]AL SOCIAL LABOR 7,G,S,L74 ,COMMUNI/ ACC\NT+ IS COMPLICAT$ BY ! EXI/5CE ( !SE ,G,S,L 5T]PRISES JU/ AS IT WAS BY ! V>Y+ PRODUCTIVITY ( ! S+LE 5T]PRISES4 ,EV]Y?+ :I* ! PUBLIC 5T]PRISES CONSUME MU/ BE DRAWN FROM ! /ORES ( ! PRODUCTIVE 5T]PRISES4 ,GO+ BACK TO \R PRODUCTION =MULA = SOCIETY AS A :OLE3 7,M,P "4 ,R7 "4 ,L "7 MASS ( PRODUCTS1 OR 7#a "4 #f7 "4 #f MILLION WORK+ H\RS4 ,M,P & ,R HAVE TO BE REPRODUC$2 !RE REMA91 ( ! TOTAL MASS ( PRODUCTS1 #f MILLION WORK+ H\RS4 ,! ,G,S,L 5T]PRISES TAKE FROM !SE #f MILLION !IR MEANS ( PRODUCTION & RAW MAT]IALS4 ,IT IS ACCORD+LY NECESS>Y TO KN[ ! TOTAL CONSUMPTION ( !SE PUBLIC 5T]PRISES4 ,IF WE DESIGNATE ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION = ! PUBLIC 5T]PRISES AS ,M,PS1 ! RAW MAT]IALS AS ,RS & ! LABOR P[] AS ,LS1 WE GET ! FOLL[+ TOTAL BUDGET = ,G,S,L3 7,M,PS "4 ,RS7 "4 ,LS "7 S]VICES ( ! ,G,S,L1 OR 7= EXAMPLE - #h MILLION "4 #e MILLION "4 #e MILLION "7 #ah MILLION LABOR H\RS47 ,FROM ! #f MILLION LABOR H\RS TO BE CONSUM$1 #eh MILLION MU/ BE D$UCT$ = ,M,PS & ,RS ( ! ,G,S,L 5T]PRISES4 ,!RE REMA9 #$b MILLION LABOR H\RS = ! 9DIVIDUAL CONSUMPTION ( ALL WORK]S4 ,9 ! PRODUCTIVE 5T]PRISES ! WORK]S W]E EMPLOY$ #f MILLION H\RS1 & 9 ! ,G,S,L 5T]PRISES #e MILLION4 ,( ! TOTAL \TPUT ( LABOR P[] !RE IS AVAILABLE = 9DIVIDUAL CONSUMPTION1 ACCORD+LY1 ONLY #e#d#b_/ #fe OR #h#c.04 ,WE CALL ?IS PROPORTION ! 0FACTOR ( 9DIVIDUAL CONSUMPTION0 7,F,I,C74 ,! =MULA = ,F,I,C IS3 ,L - 7,M,PS "4 ,RS7 OV] ,L "4 ,LS4 ,OR EMPLOY+ ! FIGURES ASSUM$ 9 \R EXAMPLE3 7#f MILLION - #eh MILLION7 OV] 7#f MILLION "4 #e MILLION7 "7 #$b MILLION_/#f#e MILLION "7 4#h#c4 ,IF A WORK] HAS WORK$ #d H\RS1 HE RECEIVES A LABOR-MONEY C]TIFICATE 9 ! AM\NT ( 4#h#c X #d "7 #c#c4#b :I* HE EX*ANGES = SU* >TICLES AS HE PLEASES4 ,?IS COMPUTATION IS POSSIBLE BECAUSE ALL 5T]PRISES KEEP AN ACC\NT ( !IR CONSUMPTION 9 MP1 R & L4 ,! G5]AL SOCIAL BOOKKEEP+1 :I* RECORDS ALL PRODUCTS1 HAS AT ITS DISPOSAL ALL DATA NECESS>Y = DET]M9+ ! PAYM5T FACTOR1 NAMELY1 ,L1 ,M,PS1 ,RS & ,LS1 :I* RESULT FROM SIMPLE SUMMATION 9 ! CURR5T ACC\NT4 ,9 ! ,G,S,L 5T]PRISES1 ! 0TAK+ ACCORD+ TO NE$S0 WAS1 AS WE HAVE SE51 ALREADY REALIZ$4 ,) ! GR[? ( COMMUNISM1 ?IS TYPE ( 5T]PRISE RECEIVES AN EV] 9CREAS+ EXT5SION1 MEANS ( CONSUMPTION1 DWELL+1 PASS5G] TRANSPORT1 ETC4 ,! MORE SOCIETY GR[S 9 ?IS DIRECTION & ! MORE 5T]PRISES >E TRANS=M$ 9TO ! ,G,S,L TYPE1 ! LESS WILL 9DIVIDUAL LABOR BE ! MEASURE = 9DIVIDUAL CONSUMPTION4 ,?IS T5D5CY S]VES TO ILLU/RATE ! G5]AL DEVELOPM5T ( COMMUNI/ SOCIETY4 ,) ! DEVELOPM5T ( COMMUNISM1 ! ACC\NT+ = ,F,I,C *ANGES4 ,V>I\S 5T]PRISES1 SU* AS AN ELECTRIC PLANT1 WORK 9 P>T = 9DIVIDUAL CONSUMPTION & 9 P>T = PURELY PRODUCTIVE PURPOSES4 ,TO REF] TO \R EXAMPLE3 IF ! CONSUM]S >E N[ SUPPLI$ ) ELECTRICITY FREE ( *>GE1 ! ELECTRIC PLANT BELONGS TO A NEW TYPE ( 5T]PRISE4 ,= ACC\NT+ PURPOSES1 !SE MIX$ 5T]PRISES MU/ BE 9CLUD$ EI!R UND] ?OSE ( ! PRODUCTIVE OR ( ! ,G,S,L TYPE4 ,?IS ELECTRIC PLANT MU/ RECEIVE BACK FROM ! ,F,I,C ! DELIV]IES ( CURR5T1 EXPRESS$ 9 WORK+ H\RS1 GO+ 9TO ! 9DIVIDUAL CONSUMPTION4 ,! ADDITION ( !SE P>TS ( ALL MIX$ 5T]PRISES GIVES ! DEFICIT TO BE MADE UP BY ! ,F,I,C4 ,IF WE CALL ?IS P>T ! G5]AL DEFICIT 7,D71 WE HAVE A NEW DI/RIBUTION =MULA3 ,F,I,C "7 ,L - 7,M,PS "4 ,RS7 - ,D OV] ,L "4 ,LS4 ,A NUMB] ( V>IATIONS >E POSSIBLE H]E1 DEP5D+ ON :E!R WE ASSIGN ! MIX$ 5T]PRISES TO ! PUBLIC OR TO ! PRODUCTIVE ONES OR DIVIDE !M BETWE5 ! TWO4 ,BUT !SE V>IATIONS DO NOT AFFECT ! CL>ITY ( ! G5]AL VIEW4 ,:5 ! RELATION BETWE5 ! PRODUC] & PRODUCT IS E/ABLI%$1 ! QUE/ION ( ! HORIZONTAL & V]TICAL GR\P+ ( ! 5T]PRISES BECOMES A TE*NICALLY SOLUBLE ONE1 :I* FROM ! ECONOMIC PO9T ( VIEW PRES5TS NO DIFFICULTIES4 ,DI/RIBUTION ALSO1 LIKE PRODUCTION ITSELF1 IS A SOCIAL QUE/ION4 ,! 0EXP5SES0 ( DI/RIBUTION >E 9CLUD$ 9 ! G5]AL BUDGETS = ,G,S,L3 ?AT IS TO SAY1 ! ORGANS ( DI/RIBUTION >E 5T]PRISES ( ! ,G,S,L TYPE1 :I* LIKEWISE CONDUCT !IR ACC\NT+ ACCORD+ TO ! =MULA MP "4 R "4 L4 ,! CONDITIONS ( SIMPLE REPRODUCTION1 ) :I* WE HAVE BE5 WORK+ SO F>1 >E AFT] ALL ONLY A ME?ODOLOGICAL ASSUMPTION EMPLOY$ = ! SAKE ( SIMPLICITY & HAVE NO BASIS 9 ACTUAL FACT4 ,HUMAN PROGRESS DEM&S ! EXPANSION ( ! PRODUCTIVE =CES2 ! PROCESS ( REPRODUCTION MU/ BE ACCOMPLI%$ ON A BROAD] SCALE4 ,UND] CAPITALISM1 ?IS PROCESS :I* GOES ON 9 T]MS ( ACCUMULATION ( CAPITAL1 IS ! 9DIVIDUAL FUNCTION ( ! CAPITALI/IC 5T]PRISES4 ,9 COMMUNISM1 H[EV]1 IT IS A SOCIAL FUNCTION4 ,( ! SOCIAL PRODUCT A P>T IS H]E EMPLOY$ = ! FUR!R EXPANSION ( ! PRODUCTIVE APP>ATUS4 ,IF ?IS EXP&$ REPRODUCTION IS TO BE A CONSCI\S ACTION1 H[EV]1 IT IS NECESS>Y TO KN[ ! SOCIAL LABOR TIME REQUIR$ = SIMPLE REPRODUCTION4 ,! =MULA = SIMPLE REPRODUCTION IS3 ,M,P "4 ,R "4 ,L4 ,IF ! MAT]IAL APP>ATUS ( PRODUCTION IS TO BE EXP&$ BY #a.01 A MASS ( PRODUCTS ( ?IS AM\NT MU/ BE )DRAWN FROM 9DIVIDUAL CONSUMPTION4 ,:5 ?IS 0ACCUMULATION0 HAS BE5 ACCOMPLI%$1 PRODUCTION PROCE$S ACCORD+ TO ! =MULA3 #a4#a 7,M,P "4 ,R7 "4 ,L4 ,WE HAVE ALREADY %[N ?AT ! SOCIAL PRODUCT IS COMPLETELY TAK5 UP BY SOCIETY :5 ! 9DIVIDUAL CONSUMPTION PROCE$S ACCORD+ TO ! =MULA ,F,I,C "7 ,L - 7,M,PS "4 ,RS7 OV] 7,L "4 ,LS74 ,?IS 9DIVIDUAL CONSUMPTION MU/ N[ BE FUR!R DIM9I%$ BY 4#a 7,M,P "4 ,R74 ,9 ! CASE ( A #a.0 EXPANSION ( PRODUCTION1 WE !N GET ! =MULA3 ,F,I,C "7 ,L - 4#a7,M,P "4 ,R7 - 7,M,PS "4 ,RS7 ALL OV] 7,L "4 ,LS74 ,?IS G5]AL =MULA DOES NOT TAKE ! PLACE ( ! CONCRETE SOLUTION ( ! PROBLEM 9 ACTUAL REALITY1 BUT )9 ! SCOPE ( ?IS WORK WE MU/ BE CONT5T ) IT & M]ELY REF] FUR!R TO ,M>X3 0 ,IF WE ASSUM$ ?AT SOCIETY W]E NOT CAPITALI/IC1 BUT COMMUNI/IC1 !N ! MONEY-CAPITAL W\LD BE 5TIRELY ELIM9AT$1 & ) IT ! DISGUISE :I* IT C>RIES 9TO ! TRANSACTIONS4 ,! QUE/ION IS !N SIMPLY R$UC$ TO ! PROBLEM ?AT SOCIETY MU/ CALCULATE BE=EH& H[ MU* LABOR1 MEANS ( PRODUCTION1 & MEANS ( SUBSI/5CE IT CAN UTILIZE )\T 9JURY = SU* L9ES ( ACTIVITY AS1 = 9/ANCE1 ! BUILD+ ( RAILROADS1 :I* DO NOT FURNI% ANY MEANS ( PRODUCTION OR SUBSI/5CE1 OR ANY USEFUL ?+1 = A LONG TIME1 A YE> OR MORE1 :ILE !Y REQUIRE LABOR1 & MEANS ( PRODUCTION & SUBSI/5CE \T ( ! ANNUAL SOCIAL PRODUCTION40 7,CAPITAL1 ,VOL4 #b - ,PAGE #c#f#a74 ,LET US CONSID] ?IS EXAMPLE4 ,IF ! CON/RUCTION ( A RAILWAY PROVES NECESS>Y1 ! WORK 9VOLV$ BELONGS TO ! ,G,S,L P>T ( ! SOCIAL PRODUCTION4 ,IF IT CONSUMES1 = EXAMPLE1 ?REE YE>S ( LABOR 9 A C]TA9 NUMB] ( WORK+ H\RS1 ?IS SUM IS D$UCT$ YE>LY BY *>G+ IT TO ! ,G,S,L ACC\NT1 FROM ! FACTOR ( 9DIVIDUAL CONSUMPTION 7,F,I,C74 ,9 ! RELATIONS BETWE5 ! 9DIVIDUAL 5T]PRISES1 LABOR-TIME MONEY IS SUP]FLU\S4 ,:5 AN 5T]PRISE DELIV]S ITS 5D PRODUCTS1 IT HAS L9K$ MP "4 R "4 L WORK+ H\RS TO ! GREAT *A9 ( P>TIAL SOCIAL LABORS4 ,?IS MU/ BE RE/OR$ TO ! V>I\S 5T]PRISES 9 ! SAME MAGNITUDE 9 ! =M ( O!R 5D PRODUCTS4 ,! LABOR MONEY IS VALID ONLY = 9DIVIDUAL CONSUMPTION4 ,AS MORE & MORE 5T]PRISES >E BR\Y ( ! ECONOMIC PROCESS10 SAYS ,M>X1 0BECOMES ! MORE NECESS>Y TO ! EXT5T ?AT ! PROCESS FUNCTIONS ON A SOCIAL SCALE & LOSES ITS PURELY 9DIVIDUAL *>ACT]4 ,IT IS1 !RE=E1 MORE NECESS>Y 9 CAPITALI/ PRODUCTION ?AN 9 SCATT]$ H&ICRAFT & AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION1 & /ILL MORE NECESS>Y 9 COOP]ATIVE ?AN 9 CAPITALI/ PRODUCTION40 ,?IS BOOKKEEP+ UND] COMMUNISM IS M]ELY BOOKKEEP+ & NO?+ ELSE4 ,IT IS ! C5TRAL PO9T ( ! ECONOMIC PROCESS1 BUT HAS NO P[] OV] ! PRODUC]S OR ! 9DIVIDUAL 5T]PRISES4 ,! SOCIAL BOOKKEEP+ IS ITSELF ONLY AN 5T]PRISE ( ! ,G,S,L TYPE4 ,ITS FUNCTIONS >E3 ! REGI/RATION ( ! /REAM ( PRODUCTS1 ! FIX+ ( ! ,F,I,C1 ! \TLAY ( LABOR-TIME MONEY1 ! CONTROL OV] PRODUCTION & DI/RIBUTION4 ,! CONTROL ( ! LABOR PROCESS IS A PURELY TE*NICAL ONE1 :I* IS H&L$ BY EA* 5T]PRISE = ITSELF4 ,! CONTROL EX]CIS$ BY ! SOCIAL BOOKKEEP+ EXT5DS ONLY TO ACC\NT+ = ALL RECEIPTS & DELIV]IES ( ! 9DIVIDUAL 5T]PRISES & WAT*+ OV] !IR PRODUCTIVITY4 ,! CONTROL ( PRODUCTION 9 ! SOCIETY ( FREE & EQUAL PRODUC]S DOES NOT COME AB\T ?R\< P]SONS & AU?ORITIES1 BUT IS CONDUCT$ ?R\< ! PUBLIC REGI/RATION ( ! OBJECTIVE C\RSE ( ! PRODUCTIVE PROCESS2 ?AT IS1 PRODUCTION IS CONTROLL$ ?R\< REPRODUCTION4 ,! DIFF]5T 9DU/RIAL ORGANIZATIONS TURN !IR PRODUCTION BUDGETS OV] TO ! 5T]PRISE :I* CONDUCTS ! SOCIAL BOOKKEEP+4 ,FROM ALL ! PRODUCTION BUDGETS RESULTS ! SOCIAL 9V5TORY4 ,PRODUCTS 9 ONE =M FL[ TO ! 5T]PRISES2 NEW ONES 9 ANO!R =M >E GIV5 \T BY !M4 ,EA* CONVEYANCE ( GOODS IS RECORD$ 9 ! G5]AL SOCIAL BOOKKEEP+ BY AN 5DORSEM5T1 SO ?AT ! DEBIT & CR$IT ( ANY P>TICUL> 5T]PRISE AT ANY TIME CAN BE SE5 AT A GLANCE4 ,EV]Y?+ :I* AN 5T]PRISE CONSUMES 9 ! WAY ( MEANS ( PRODUCTION1 RAW MAT]IAL OR LABOR MONEY1 APPE> ON ! DEBIT SIDE ( ! 5T]PRISE2 :AT IT HAS TURN$ OV] TO SOCIETY 9 ! =M ( PRODUCTS APPE>S AS A CR$IT4 ,!SE TWO ITEMS MU/ COV] EA* O!R CONT9U\SLY1 REVEAL+ 9 ?IS WAY :E!R & TO :AT EXT5T ! PRODUCTIVE PROCESS IS FL[+ SMOO?LY4 ,%ORTAGE & EXCESS ON ! P>T ( ! 5T]PRISE BECOMES VISIBLE & CAN BE CORRECT$4 ,IF AN 5T]PRISE IS UNABLE TO MA9TA9 ITS PRODUCTIVITY1 IF ?AT PRODUCTIVITY DECL9ES1 !N ! O!R 5T]PRISES1 EV5 ?\< !Y WORK BEYOND ! S4A4 PRODUCTION TIME1 CANNOT COV] ! %ORTAGE ( ! FIR/ ONE4 ,! COMP>ATIVELY UNPRODUCTIVE 5T]PRISE IS UNABLE TO REPRODUCE ITSELF1 ! MALFUNCTION BECOMES VISIBLE & CAN BE REM$I$ BY SOCIETY4 ,! CONTROL ( ! ,G,S,L 5T]PRISES RUNS P>ALLEL 9 P>T ) ?AT ( ! PRODUCTIVE ONES4 ,IT RESULTS FROM ! MAT]IAL PRODUCTION1 ?R\< ! REGI/RATION ( ! >TICLES TURN$ OV] TO !M & ! RECEIPT ( LABOR MONEY4 ,! PRODUCT ( ! ,G,S,L 5T]PRISES1 H[EV]1 GOES 9TO SOCIETY 0GRATUIT\SLY01 SO ?AT = !SE 5T]PRISES ! CR$IT FACTOR IS LACK+ 9 !IR BOOKKEEP+4 ,! CONTROL ( !IR PRODUCTIVITY WILL PROBABLY ONLY BE POSSIBLE ) ! AID ( COMP>ATIVE 9VE/IGATIONS4 ,:ILE UND] CAPITALISM ! CATEGORY S4A4 LABOR TIME IS DEP5D5T ON 0VALUE01 9 COMMUNISM IT IS ONLY A MATT] ( ! LABOR EMBODI$ 9 GOODS TURN$ \T4 ,& :ILE SOCIAL PRODUCTIVITY UND] CAPITALISM HAS TO BE REGULAT$ BY ! M>KET1 :I* 9VOLVES A GIGANTIC WA/E ( ! SOCIAL =CES ( PRODUCTION1 9 COMMUNISM ! L[]+ ( ! S4A4 PRODUCTION TIME IS A CONSCI\S1 SOCIALLY-REGULAT$ ACT4 ,IT LEADS TO A G5]AL DROP 9 ! TIME ( PRODUCTION4 ,IF1 = EXAMPLE1 AN 5T]PRISE HAS RECKON$ ITS MEANS ( PRODUCTION AT #a1 LABOR H\RS1 & IF WE ASSUME ?AT !SE 9/RUM5TS HAVE A T5-YE> SPAN ( LIFE1 !N #a1 WORK+ H\RS >E TO BE ADD$ ON YE>LY TO ! PRODUCTS ( ?IS 5T]PRISE4 ,IF ! S4A4 REPRODUCTION TIME ( ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION EMPLOY$ 9 ?IS 5T]PRISE DECL9ES1 !N 9 ITS PROCESS ( REPRODUCTION IT CAN FA%ION BETT] OR MORE MA*9ES & ?US 9CREASE ITS PRODUCTIVITY1 :I* 9 PRACTICE MEANS EXP&+ ! PRODUCTIVE APP>ATUS )\T ! EXP5DITURE ( EXTRA LABOR4 ,! PRODUCTION TIME = ?IS 5T]PRISE HAS *ANG$4 ,S9CE ! S4A4 REPRODUCTION TIME IS OBS]V$1 ! ONLY *ANGE IS 9 ! PRODUCTIVITY FACTOR ( ?IS 5T]PRISE4 ,! S4A4 PRODUCTION TIME ( ! C>TEL ) :I* ! 5T]PRISE IS CONNECT$ ALWAYS REMA9S ! SAME AS ! REPRODUCTION TIME1 S9CE ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION1 TOO1 FL[ 9 A CONT9U\S /REAM ?R\< ALL ! 5T]PRISES4 ,! L[E/ SOCIAL REPRODUCTION TIMES BL5D AGA9 & AGA9 9 ! PROCESS ( PRODUCTION ) ! S4A4 REPRODUCTION TIME4 ,BY WAY ( SUMM>Y1 IT MAY BE SAID3 0,! BASIS ( ! S4A4 REPRODUCTION TIME IS ! S 4A4 WORK+ H\R4 ,?IS CATEGORY IS ALREADY VALID EV5 9 CAPITALISM4 ,EV5 N[ ! 9DIVIDUAL DIFF]5CES F9D NO EXPRESSION 9 ! COMMODITY1 = ! PRODUCT IS CONV]T$ ON ! M>KET 9TO MONEY2 ?AT IS1 TRANS=M$ 9TO ! G5]AL COMMODITY1 BY :I* ALL 9DIVIDUAL DIFF]5CES >E ABOLI%$4 ,9 COMMUNISM1 IT IS ! S4A4 REPRODUCTION TIME :I* EMBRACES )9 ITSELF ALL 9DIVIDUAL DIFF]5CES ( SL[ & EXP]I5C$ WORK]S1 ( CAPABLE & LESS CAPABLE1 ( MANUAL & 9TELLECTUAL LABOR4 ,! S4A4 REPRODUCTION TIME IS ACCORD+LY SOME?+ :I* AS SU*1 AS SOME?+ SPECIAL1 DOES NOT EXI/4 ,LIKE ! LAWS ( NATURE1 :I* M]ELY BR+ \T :AT IS G5]AL 9 ! P>TICUL> PH5OM5A1 )\T EXI/+ AS ACTUAL LAWS1 ! S4A4 WORK+ H\R1 :I* 9 ! CONCRETE S5SE HAS NO EXI/5CE1 EMBODIES :AT IS G5]AL FROM AMONG ! 5ORM\S DIV]SITY 9 ! MAT]IAL 9T]ACTION ( SOCIETY04 ,FROM 3 ,M>XI/S4ORG4 ,*RONOLOGY 3 ,M>* #b1 #bba 3 ,:AT IS ,COMMUNISM8 -- ,ADD$4 ,JANU>Y #h1 #bbb 3 ,:AT IS ,COMMUNISM8 -- ,UPDAT$4 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3 HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/