,*APT] #ah 

#aidaid 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,LEO ,TOL/OY 

,TEXT 3 

,:AT IS ! ORIG9 ( MONEY8 ,:AT >E ! CONDITIONS UND] :I* NATIONS ALWAYS HAVE MONEY1 & UND] :AT CIRCUM/ANCES NE$ NATIONS NOT USE MONEY8 

,!RE >E SMALL TRIBES 9 ,AFRICA1 & ONE 9 ,AU/RALIA1 :O LIVE AS ! ,SKNEPIES & ! ,DREVLYANS LIV$ 9 OLD5 TIMES4 ,!SE TRIBES LIV$ BY BRE$+ CATTLE & CULTIVAT+ G>D5S4 ,WE BECOME ACQUA9T$ ) !M AT ! DAWN ( HI/ORY1 & HI/ORY BEG9S BY RECORD+ ! FACT ?AT SOME 9VAD]S APPE> ON ! SC5E4 ,& 9VAD]S ALWAYS DO ! SAME ?+3 !Y TAKE AWAY FROM ! ABORIG9ES EV]Y?+ !Y CAN TAKE1--CATTLE1 CORN1 & CLO?2 !Y EV5 MAKE PRISON]S1 MALE & FEMALE1 & C>RY !M AWAY4 

,9 A FEW YE>S ! 9VAD]S APPE> AGA91 BUT ! PEOPLE HAVE NOT YET GOT OV] ! CONSEQU5CES ( !IR FIR/ MIS=TUNES1 & !RE IS SC>CELY ANY?+ TO TAKE FROM !M2 SO ! 9VAD]S 9V5T NEW & BETT] MEANS ( MAK+ USE ( !IR VICTIMS4 

,!SE ME?ODS >E V]Y SIMPLE1 & PRES5T !MSELVES NATURALLY TO ! M9D ( ALL M54 ,! FIR/ IS P]SONAL SLAV]Y4 ,!RE IS A DRAWBACK TO ?IS1 BECAUSE ! 9VAD]S MU/ TAKE OV] ! 5TIRE CONTROL & ADM9I/RATION ( ! TRIBE1 & FE$ ALL ! SLAVES2 H5CE1 NATURALLY1 !RE APPE>S ! SECOND4 ,! PEOPLE >E LEFT ON !IR [N L&1 BUT ?IS BECOMES ! RECOGNIZ$ PROP]TY ( ! 9VAD]S1 :O PORTION IT \T AMONG ! LEAD+ MILIT>Y M51 BY :OSE MEANS ! LABOR ( ! TRIBE IS UTILIZ$ & TRANSF]R$ TO ! CONQU]ORS4 

,BUT ?IS1 TOO1 HAS ITS DRAWBACK4 ,IT IS 9CONV5I5T TO HAVE TO OV]SEE ALL ! PRODUCTION ( ! CONQU]$ PEOPLE1 & ?US ! ?IRD MEANS IS 9TRODUC$1 AS PRIMITIVE AS ! TWO =M]2 ?IS IS1 ! LEVY+ ( A C]TA9 OBLIGATORY TAX TO BE PAID BY ! CONQU]$ AT /AT$ P]IODS4 

,! OBJECT ( CONQUE/ IS TO TAKE FROM ! CONQU]$ ! GREATE/ POSSIBLE AM\NT ( ! PRODUCT ( !IR LABOR4  
  ,IT IS EVID5T1 ?AT1 9 ORD] TO DO ?IS1 ! CONQU]ORS MU/ TAKE ! >TICLES :I* >E ! MO/ VALUABLE TO ! CONQU]$1 & :I* AT ! SAME TIME >E NOT CUMB]SOME1 & >E CONV5I5T = KEEP+1--SK9S ( ANIMALS1 & GOLD4 

,SO ! CONQU]ORS LAY UPON ! FAMILY OR ! TRIBE A TAX 9 !SE SK9S OR GOLD1 TO BE PAID AT FIX$ TIMES2 & ?US1 BY MEANS ( ?IS TRIBUTE1 !Y UTILIZE ! LABOR ( ! CONQU]$ PEOPLE 9 ! MO/ CONV5I5T WAY4 

,:5 ! SK9S & ! GOLD HAVE BE5 TAK5 FROM ! ORIG9AL [N]S1 !Y >E COMPELL$ TO SELL ALL !Y HAVE AMONG !MSELVES TO OBTA9 MORE GOLD & SK9S = !IR MA/]S2 ?AT IS1 !Y HAVE TO SELL !IR PROP]TY & !IR LABOR4 

,SO IT WAS 9 ANCI5T TIMES1 9 ! ,MIDDLE ,AGES1 & SO IT OCCURS N[4 ,9 ! ANCI5T WORLD1 :]E ! SUBJUGATION ( ONE PEOPLE BY ANO!R WAS FREQU5T1 P]SONAL SLAV]Y WAS ! MO/ WIDESPREAD ME?OD ( SUBJUGATION1 & ! C5T] ( GRAVITY 9 ?IS COMPULSION1 [+ TO ! NON-RECOGNITION ( ! EQUALITY ( M54 ,9 ! ,MIDDLE ,AGES1 FEUDALISM--L&-[N]%IP & ! S]VITUDE CONNECT$ ) IT--P>TLY TAKES ! PLACE ( P]SONAL SLAV]Y1 & ! C5T] ( COMPULSION IS TRANSF]R$ FROM P]SONS TO L&4 ,9 MOD]N TIMES1 S9CE ! DISCOV]Y ( ,AM]ICA1 ! DEVELOPM5T ( COMM]CE1 & ! 9FLUX ( GOLD 7:I* IS ACCEPT$ AS A UNIV]SAL M$IUM ( EX*ANGE71 ! MONEY TRIBUTE HAS BECOME1 ) ! 9CREASE ( /ATE P[]1 ! *IEF 9/RUM5T = 5SLAV+ M51 & UPON ?IS ALL ECONOMIC RELATIONS >E N[ BAS$4 

,9 0,! ,LIT]>Y ,MISCELLANY0 !RE IS AN >TICLE BY ,PR(ESSOR ,YANJ\L 9 :I* HE DESCRIBES ! REC5T HI/ORY ( ! ,FIJI ,ISL&S4 ,IF ,I W]E TRY+ TO F9D ! MO/ PO9T$ ILLU/RATION ( H[ 9 \R DAY ! COMPULSORY MONEY PAYM5T BECAME ! *IEF 9/RUM5T 9 5SLAV+ SOME M5 BY O!RS1 ,I C\LD NOT IMAG9E ANY?+ MORE /RIK+ & CONV9C+ ?AN ?IS TRU/WOR?Y HI/ORY1--HI/ORY BAS$ UPON DOCUM5TS ( FACTS :I* >E ( REC5T OCCURR5CE4 

,9 ! ,S\?-,SEA ,ISL&S1 9 ,POLYNESIA1 LIVES A RACE CALL$ ! ,FIJI4 ,! GR\P ON :I* !Y LIVE1 SAYS ,PR(ESSOR ,YANJ\L1 IS COMPOS$ ( SMALL ISL&S1 :I* ALTOGE!R COMPRISE AB\T =TY ?\S& SQU>E MILES4 ,ONLY HALF ( !SE ISL&S >E 9HABIT$1 BY A HUNDR$ & FIFTY ?\S& NATIVES & FIFTE5 HUNDR$ :ITE M54 ,! NATIVES W]E RECLAIM$ FROM SAVAG]Y A LONG TIME AGO1 & W]E DI/+UI%$ AMONG ! O!R NATIVES ( ,POLYNESIA BY !IR 9TELLECTUAL CAPACITIES4 ,!Y APPE> TO BE CAPABLE ( LABOR & DEVELOPM5T1 :I* !Y  
  PROV$ BY ! FACT ?AT )9 A %ORT P]IOD !Y BECAME GOOD WORKM5 & CATTLE BRE$]S4 

,! 9HABITANTS W]E WELL-TO-DO1 BUT 9 ! YE> #ahei ! CONDITION ( !IR /ATE BECAME DESP]ATE3 ! NATION & ITS REPRES5TATIVE1 ,KAKABO1 W]E 9 NE$ ( MONEY4 ,?IS MONEY1 =TY-FIVE ?\S& DOLL>S1 WAS WANT$ AS COMP5SATION OR 9DEMNIFICATION DEM&$ ( !M BY ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES ( ,AM]ICA = VIOL5CE SAID TO HAVE BE5 DONE BY ,FIJIS TO SOME CITIZ5S ( ! ,AM]ICAN ,REPUBLIC4 

,TO COLLECT ?IS1 ! ,AM]ICANS S5T A SQUADRON1 :I* UNEXPECT$LY SEIZ$ SOME ( ! BE/ ISL&S UND] ! PRETEXT ( GU>ANTEE1 & ?REAT5$ TO BOMB>D & RU9 ! T[NS IF ! 9DEMNIFICATION W]E NOT PAID OV] ON A C]TA9 DATE TO ! REPRES5TATIVES ( ,AM]ICA4 

,! ,AM]ICANS W]E AMONG ! FIR/ COLONI/S :O CAME TO ! ,FIJI ,ISL&S ) ! MISSION>IES4 ,!Y *OSE & 7UND] ONE PRETEXT OR ANO!R7 TOOK POSSESSION ( ! BE/ PIECES ( L& ON ! ISL&S1 & E/ABLI%$ !RE COTTON & C(FEE PLANTATIONS4 ,!Y HIR$ :OLE CR[DS ( NATIVES1 B9D+ !M BY CONTRACTS UNKN[N TO ?IS HALF-CIVILIZ$ RACE1 OR !Y ACT$ ?R\< SPECIAL CONTRACTORS & DEAL]S ( HUMAN M]*&ISE4 

,MISUND]/&+S BETWE5 !SE MA/] PLANT]S & ! NATIVES1 :OM !Y CONSID]$ ALMO/ AS SLAVES1 W]E UNAVOIDABLE1 & IT WAS SOME ( !SE QU>RELS :I* S]V$ AS A PRETEXT = ! ,AM]ICAN 9DEMNIFICATION4 

,NOT)/&+ !IR PROSP]ITY ! ,FIJIS HAD PRES]V$ ALMO/ UP TO ?AT TIME ! =MS ( ! SO-CALL$ NATURAL ECONOMY :I* EXI/$ 9 ,EUROPE DUR+ ! ,MIDDLE ,AGES3 MONEY WAS SC>CELY 9 CIRCULATION AMONG !M1 & !IR TRADE WAS ALMO/ EXCLUSIVELY ON ! B>T] BASIS1--ONE M]*&ISE BE+ EX*ANG$ = ANO!R1 & ! FEW SOCIAL TAXES & ?OSE ( ! /ATE BE+ PAID 9 RURAL PRODUCTS4 ,:AT C\LD ! ,FIJIS & !IR ,K+ ,KAKABO DO1 :5 ! ,AM]ICANS DEM&$ =TY-FIVE ?\S& DOLL>S UND] T]RIBLE ?REATS 9 ! EV5T ( NONPAYM5T8 ,TO ! ,FIJIS ! V]Y FIGURES SEEM$ 9CONCEIVABLE1 TO SAY NO?+ ( ! MONEY ITSELF1 :I* !Y HAD NEV] SE5 9 SU* L>GE QUANTITIES4 ,AFT] DELIB]AT+ ) O!R *IEFS1 ,KAKABO MADE UP HIS M9D TO APPLY TO ! ,QUE5 ( ,5GL&1 AT FIR/ M]ELY ASK+ H] TO TAKE ! ISL&S UND] H] PROTECTION1 BUT AFT]W>DS REQUE/+ DEF9ITE ANNEXATION4 

,BUT ! ,5GLI% REG>D$ ?IS REQUE/ CAUTI\SLY1 & W]E 9 NO HURRY TO ASSI/ ! HALF-SAVAGE MON>* \T ( HIS DIFFICULTY4 ,9/EAD ( GIV+ A DIRECT ANSW]1 !Y S5T SPECIAL COMMISSION]S TO MAKE 9QUIRIES AB\T !  
  ,FIJI ,ISL&S 9 #a#h#f1 9 ORD] TO BE ABLE TO DECIDE :E!R IT WAS WOR? :ILE TO ANNEX !M TO ! ,BRITI% ,POSSESSIONS1 & TO LAY \T MONEY TO SATISFY ! ,AM]ICAN CLAIMS4 

,MEAN:ILE ! ,AM]ICAN ,GOV]NM5T CONT9U$ TO 9SI/ UPON PAYM5T1 & AS A PL$GE HELD 9 !IR DE FACTO DOM9ION SOME ( ! BE/ P>TS1 &1 HAV+ LOOK$ CLOSELY 9TO ! NATIONAL WEAL?1 RAIS$ !IR =M] CLAIM TO N9ETY ?\S& DOLL>S1 ?REAT5+ TO 9CREASE IT /ILL MORE IF ,KAKABO DID NOT PAY AT ONCE4 

,BE+ ?US PU%$ ON EV]Y SIDE1 & KN[+ NO?+ ( ,EUROPEAN MEANS ( CR$IT ACCOMMODATION1 ! POOR K+1 ACT+ ON ! ADVICE ( ,EUROPEAN COLONI/S1 BEGAN TO TRY TO RAISE MONEY 9 ,MELB\RNE AMONG ! M]*ANTS1 CO/ :AT IT MI<T1 IF EV5 HE %\LD BE OBLIG$ TO YIELD HIS K+DOM 9TO PRIVATE H&S4 

,SO 9 CONSEQU5CE ( HIS APPLICATION A COMM]CIAL SOCIETY WAS =M$ 9 ,MELB\RNE4 ,?IS JO9T-/OCK COMPANY1 :I* TOOK ! NAME ( ! 0,POLYNESIAN ,COMPANY10 =M$ A TREATY ) ! *IEFS ( ! ,FIJI-,ISL&]S ON ! MO/ ADVANTAGE\S T]MS4 ,IT TOOK OV] ! DEBT TO ! ,AM]ICAN ,GOV]NM5T1 PL$G+ ITSELF TO PAY IT BY SEV]AL 9/ALLM5TS2 & = ?IS ! COMPANY RECEIV$1 ACCORD+ TO ! FIR/ TREATY1 ONE1 & !N TWO HUNDR$ ?\S& ACRES ( ! BE/ L&1 SELECT$ BY ITSELF2 P]PETUAL IMMUNITY FROM ALL TAXES & DUES = ALL ITS FACTORIES1 OP]ATIONS1 & COLONIES1 & ! EXCLUSIVE RI<T = A LONG P]IOD TO E/ABLI% BANKS 9 ! ,FIJI ,ISL&S1 ) ! PRIVILEGE ( ISSU+ UNLIMIT$ NOTES4 

,?IS TREATY WAS DEF9ITELY CONCLUD$ 9 ! YE> #a#h#f#h1 & !RE HAS APPE>$ 9 ! ,FIJI ,ISL&S1 SIDE BY SIDE ) ! LOCAL GOV]NM5T1 ( :I* ,KAKABO IS ! HEAD1 ANO!R P[]FUL AU?ORITY1--A COMM]CIAL ORGANIZATION1 ) L>GE E/ATES OV] ALL ! ISL&S1 EX]CIS+ A P[]FUL 9FLU5CE UPON ! GOV]NM5T4 

,UP TO ?IS TIME ! WANTS ( ! GOV]NM5T ( ,KAKABO HAD BE5 SATISFI$ ) A PAYM5T 9 LOCAL PRODUCTS1 & A SMALL CU/OM TAX ON GOODS IMPORT$4 ,BUT ) ! CONCLUSION ( ! TREATY & ! =MATION ( ! 9FLU5TIAL 0,POLYNESIAN ,COMPANY10 ! K+'S F9ANCIAL CIRCUM/ANCES HAD *ANG$4 

,A CONSID]ABLE P>T ( ! BE/ L& 9 HIS DOM9ION HAV+ PASS$ 9TO ! H&S ( ! COMPANY1 HIS 9COME FROM ! L& HAD !RE=E DIM9I%$2 ON ! O!R H& ! 9COME FROM ! CU/OM TAXES ALSO DIM9I%$1 BECAUSE ! COMPANY HAD OBTA9$ = ITSELF ! RI<T TO IMPORT & EXPORT ALL K9DS ( GOODS FREE ( DUTIES4 

,! NATIVES--N9ETY-N9E P]C5T ( ! POPULATION--HAD  
  NEV] PAID MU* 9 CU/OM DUTIES1 AS !Y B\<T SC>CELY ANY ( ! ,EUROPEAN PRODUCTIONS EXCEPT SOME /UFFS & H>DW>E2 & N[1 FROM ! FREE+ ( CU/OM DUTIES ( MANY WELL-TO-DO ,EUROPEANS ALONG ) ! ,POLYNESIAN ,COMPANY1 ! 9COME ( ,K+ ,KAKABO WAS R$UC$ TO NIL1 & HE WAS OBLIG$ TO TAKE /EPS TO RESUSCITATE IT IF POSSIBLE4 

,HE BEGAN TO CONSULT HIS :ITE FRI5DS AS TO ! BE/ WAY TO REM$Y ! TR\BLE1 & !Y ADVIS$ HIM TO CREATE ! FIR/ DIRECT TAX 9 ! C\NTRY2 &1 9 ORD]1 ,I SUPPOSE1 TO HAVE LESS TR\BLE AB\T IT1 TO MAKE IT 9 MONEY4 ,! TAX WAS E/ABLI%$ 9 ! =M ( A G5]AL POLL-TAX1 AM\NT+ TO ONE P\ND = EV]Y MAN1 & TO F\R %ILL+S = EV]Y WOMAN1 ?R\<\T ! ISL&S4 

,AS ,I HAVE ALREADY SAID1 !RE /ILL EXI/S ON ! ,FIJI ,ISL&S A NATURAL ECONOMY & A TRADE BY B>T]4 ,V]Y FEW NATIVES POSSESS MONEY4 ,!IR WEAL? CONSI/S *IEFLY ( RAW PRODUCTS & CATTLE2 :IL/ ! NEW TAX REQUIR$ ! POSSESSION ( CONSID]ABLE SUMS ( MONEY AT FIX$ TIMES4 

,UP TO ?AT DATE A NATIVE HAD NOT BE5 ACCU/OM$ TO ANY 9DIVIDUAL BURD5 9 ! 9T]E/S ( HIS GOV]NM5T1 EXCEPT P]SONAL OBLIGATIONS2 ALL ! TAXES :I* HAD TO BE PAID1 W]E PAID BY ! COMMUNITY OR VILLAGE TO :I* HE BELONG$1 & FROM ! COMMON FIELDS FROM :I* HE RECEIV$ HIS PR9CIPAL 9COME4 

,ONE ALT]NATIVE WAS LEFT TO HIM1--TO TRY TO RAISE MONEY FROM ! ,EUROPEAN COLONI/S2 ?AT IS1 TO ADDRESS HIMSELF EI!R TO ! M]*ANT OR TO ! PLANT]4 

,TO ! FIR/ HE WAS OBLIG$ TO SELL HIS PRODUCTIONS ON ! M]*ANT'S [N T]MS 7BECAUSE ! TAX-COLLECTOR REQUIR$ MONEY AT A C]TA9 FIX$ DATE71 OR EV5 TO RAISE MONEY BY ! SALE ( HIS EXPECT$ H>VE/1 :I* 5ABL$ ! M]*ANT TO TAKE 9IQUIT\S 9T]E/4 ,OR HE HAD TO ADDRESS HIMSELF TO ! PLANT]1 & SELL HIM HIS LABOR2 ?AT IS1 TO BECOME HIS WORKMAN3 BUT ! WAGES ON ! ,FIJI ,ISL&S W]E V]Y L[ 7[+1 ,I SUPPOSE1 TO ! EXCEPTIONALLY GREAT SUPPLY ( LABOR72 NOT EXCE$+ A %ILL+ A WEEK = A GR[N-UP MAN1 OR TWO P\NDS TWELVE %ILL+S A YE>2 & !RE=E1 M]ELY TO BE ABLE TO GET ! MONEY NECESS>Y TO PAY HIS [N TAX1 TO SAY NO?+ ( HIS FAMILY1 A ,FIJI HAD TO LEAVE HIS H\SE1 HIS FAMILY1 & HIS [N L&1 (T5 TO GO F> AWAY TO ANO!R ISL&1 & 5?RALL$ HIMSELF TO ! PLANT] = AT LEA/ HALF A YE>2 EV5 !N !RE WAS ! PAYM5T = HIS FAMILY1 :I* HE MU/ PROVIDE BY SOME O!R MEANS4 

,WE CAN UND]/& ! RESULT ( SU* A /ATE ( AFFAIRS4 ,FROM HIS HUNDR$ & FIFTY ?\S& SUBJECTS1 ,KAKABO  
  COLLECT$ ONLY SIX ?\S& P\NDS2 & SO !RE BEGAN A =CIBLE EXTORTION ( TAXES1 UNKN[N TILL !N1 & A :OLE S]IES ( CO]CIVE MEASURES4 

,! LOCAL ADM9I/RATION1 =M]LY 9CORRUPTIBLE1 SOON MADE COMMON CAUSE ) ! ,EUROPEAN PLANT]S1 :O BEGAN TO HAVE !IR [N WAY ) ! C\NTRY4 ,= NONPAYM5T ( ! TAXES ! ,FIJIS W]E SUMMON$ TO ! C\RT1 & S5T5C$ NOT ONLY TO PAY ! EXP5SES BUT ALSO TO IMPRISONM5T = NOT LESS ?AN SIX MON?S4 ,! PRISON REALLY MEANT ! PLANTATIONS ( ! FIR/ :ITE MAN :O *OSE TO PAY ! TAX-MONEY & ! LEGAL EXP5SES ( ! (F5D]4 ,?US ! :ITE SETTL]S RECEIV$ *EAP LABOR TO ANY AM\NT4 

,AT FIR/ ?IS COMPULSORY LABOR WAS FIX$ = NOT LONG] ?AN HALF A YE>2 BUT AFT]W>DS ! BRIB$ JUDGES F\ND IT POSSIBLE TO PASS S5T5CE = EI<TE5 MON?S1 & EV5 !N TO R5EW ! S5T5CE4 

,V]Y QUICKLY1 9 ! C\RSE ( A FEW YE>S1 ! PICTURE ( ! SOCIAL CONDITION ( ! 9HABITANTS ( ,FIJI WAS QUITE *ANG$4 

,:OLE DI/RICTS1 =M]LY FL\RI%+1 LO/ HALF ( !IR POPULATION1 & W]E GREATLY IMPOV]I%$4 ,ALL ! MALE POPULATION1 EXCEPT ! OLD & 9FIRM1 WORK$ F> AWAY FROM !IR HOMES = ,EUROPEAN PLANT]S1 TO GET MONEY NECESS>Y = ! TAXES1 OR 9 CONSEQU5CE ( ! LAW C\RT4 ,! WOM5 ON ! ,FIJI ,ISL&S HAD SC>CELY EV] WORK$ 9 ! FIELDS1 SO ?AT 9 ! ABS5CE ( ! M51 ALL ! LOCAL F>M+ WAS NEGLECT$ & W5T TO RU94 ,& 9 ! C\RSE ( A FEW YE>S1 HALF ! POPULATION ( ,FIJI HAD BECOME ! SLAVES ( ! COLONI/S4 

,TO RELIEVE !IR POSITION ! ,FIJI-,ISL&]S AGA9 APPEAL$ TO ,5GL&4 ,A NEW PETITION WAS GOT UP1 SUBSCRIB$ BY MANY EM95T P]SONS & *IEFS1 PRAY+ TO BE ANNEX$ TO ,5GL&2 & ?IS WAS H&$ TO ! ,BRITI% CONSUL4 ,MEAN:ILE1 ,5GL&1 ?ANKS TO H] SCI5TIFIC EXP$ITIONS1 HAD TIME NOT ONLY TO 9VE/IGATE ! AFFAIRS ( ! ISL&S1 BUT EV5 TO SURVEY !M1 & DULY TO APPRECIATE ! NATURAL RI*ES ( ?IS F9E CORN] ( ! GLOBE4 

,[+ TO ALL !SE CIRCUM/ANCES1 ! NEGOTIATIONS ?IS TIME W]E CR[N$ ) FULL SUCCESS2 & 9 #a#h#g#d1 TO ! GREAT DISSATISFACTION ( ! ,AM]ICAN PLANT]S1 ,5GL& (FICIALLY TOOK POSSESSION ( ! ,FIJI ,ISL&S1 & ADD$ !M TO ITS COLONIES4 ,KAKABO DI$1 HIS HEIRS HAD A SMALL P5SION ASSIGN$ TO !M1 & ! ADM9I/RATION ( ! ISL&S WAS 5TRU/$ TO ,SIR ,H]CULES ,ROB9SON1 ! ,GOV]NOR ( ,NEW ,S\? ,WALES4 ,9 ! FIR/ YE> ( ITS ANNEXATION ! ,FIJI-,ISL&]S HAD NO SELF-GOV]NM5T1 BUT  
  W]E UND] ! DIRECTION ( ,SIR ,H]CULES ,ROB9SON1 :O APPO9T$ AN ADM9I/RATOR4 

,TAK+ ! ISL&S 9TO !IR H&S1 ! ,5GLI% ,GOV]NM5T HAD TO UND]TAKE ! DIFFICULT TASK ( GRATIFY+ V>I\S EXPECTATIONS RAIS$ BY !M4 ,! NATIVES1 ( C\RSE1 FIR/ ( ALL EXPECT$ ! ABOLITION ( ! HAT$ POLL-TAX2 ONE P>T ( ! :ITE COLONI/S 7! ,AM]ICANS7 LOOK$ ) SUSPICION UPON ! ,BRITI% RULE2 & ANO!R P>T 7?OSE ( ,5GLI% ORIG97 EXPECT$ ALL K9DS ( CONFIRMATIONS ( !IR P[] OV] ! NATIVES1--P]MISSION TO 5CLOSE ! L&1 & SO ON4 ,! ,5GLI% ,GOV]NM5T1 H[EV]1 PROV$ ITSELF EQUAL TO ! TASK2 & ITS FIR/ ACT WAS TO ABOLI% = EV] ! POLL-TAX1 :I* HAD CREAT$ ! SLAV]Y ( ! NATIVES 9 ! 9T]E/ ( A FEW COLONI/S4 

,BUT H]E ,SIR ,H]CULES ,ROB9SON HAD AT ONCE TO FACE A DIFFICULT DILEMMA4 ,IT WAS NECESS>Y TO ABOLI% ! POLL-TAX1 :I* HAD MADE ! ,FIJIS SEEK ! HELP ( ! ,5GLI% ,GOV]NM5T2 BUT1 AT ! SAME TIME1 ACCORD+ TO ,5GLI% COLONIAL POLICY1 ! COLONIES HAD TO SUPPORT !MSELVES2 !Y HAD TO F9D !IR [N MEANS = COV]+ ! EXP5SES ( ! GOV]NM5T4 ,) ! ABOLITION ( ! POLL-TAX1 ALL ! 9COMES ( ! ,FIJIS 7FROM CU/OM DUTIES7 DID NOT AM\NT TO MORE ?AN SIX ?\S& P\NDS1 :ILE ! GOV]NM5T EXP5SES REQUIR$ AT LEA/ SEV5TY ?\S& A YE>4 

,HAV+ ABOLI%$ ! MONEY TAX1 ,SIR ,H]CULES ,ROB9SON N[ ?\<T ( A LABOR TAX2 BUT ?IS DID NOT YIELD ! SUM NECESS>Y TO FE$ HIM & HIS ASSI/ANTS4 ,MATT]S DID NOT M5D UNTIL A NEW GOV]NOR HAD BE5 APPO9T$1--,GORDON1--:O1 TO GET \T ( ! 9HABITANTS ! MONEY NECESS>Y TO KEEP HIM & HIS (FICIALS1 RESOLV$ NOT TO DEM& MONEY UNTIL IT HAD COME SUFFICI5TLY 9TO G5]AL CIRCULATION ON ! ISL&S1 BUT TO TAKE FROM ! NATIVES !IR PRODUCTS1 & TO SELL !M HIMSELF4 

,?IS TRAGICAL EPISODE 9 ! LIVES ( ! ,FIJIS IS ! CLE>E/ & BE/ PRO( ( ! NATURE & TRUE MEAN+ ( MONEY 9 \R TIME4 

,9 ?IS ILLU/RATION EV]Y ESS5TIAL IS REPRES5T$4 ,! FIR/ FUNDAM5TAL CONDITION ( SLAV]Y1--! GUNS1 ?REATS1 MURD]S1 & PLUND]1--& LA/LY1 MONEY1 ! MEANS ( SUBJUGATION :I* HAS SUPPLANT$ ALL ! O!RS4 ,?AT :I* 9 AN HI/ORICAL SKET* ( ECONOMICAL DEVELOPM5T1 HAS TO BE 9VE/IGAT$ DUR+ C5TURIES1 WE HAVE H]E1 :]E ALL ! =MS ( MONET>Y VIOL5CE HAVE FULLY DEVELOP$ !MSELVES1 CONC5TRAT$ 9 A SPACE ( T5 YE>S4 

,! DRAMA BEG9S ?US3 ! ,AM]ICAN ,GOV]NM5T  
  S5DS %IPS ) LOAD$ GUNS TO ! %ORES ( ! ISL&S1 :OSE 9HABITANTS !Y WANT TO 5?RALL$4 ,! PRETEXT ( ?IS ?REAT IS MONET>Y2 BUT ! BEG9N+ ( ! TRAG$Y IS ! LEVEL+ ( GUNS AGA9/ ALL ! 9HABITANTS1--WOM51 *ILDR51 OLD PEOPLE1 & M51--?\< 9NOC5T ( ANY CRIME4 0,Y\R MONEY OR Y\R LIFE10--=TY-FIVE ?\S& DOLL>S1 !N N9ETY ?\S& OR SLAU<T]4 ,BUT ! N9ETY ?\S& >E NOT TO BE HAD4 ,SO N[ BEG9S ! SECOND ACT3 IT IS ! PO/PONEM5T ( A MEASURE :I* W\LD BE BLOODY1 T]RIBLE1 & CONC5TRAT$ 9 A %ORT P]IOD2 & ! SUB/ITUTION ( A SUFF]+ LESS P]CEPTIBLE1 :I* CAN BE LAID UPON ALL1 & WILL LA/ LONG]4 ,& ! NATIVES1 ) !IR REPRES5TATIVE1 SEEK TO SUB/ITUTE = ! MASSACRE A SLAV]Y ( MONEY4 ,!Y BORR[ MONEY1 & ! ME?OD AT ONCE BEG9S TO OP]ATE LIKE A DISCIPL9$ >MY4 ,9 FIVE YE>S ! ?+ IS DONE1--! M5 HAVE NOT ONLY LO/ !IR RI<T TO UTILIZE !IR [N L& & !IR PROP]TY1 BUT ALSO !IR LIB]TY1--!Y HAVE BECOME SLAVES4 

,H]E BEG9S ACT ?REE4 ,! SITUATION IS TOO PA9FUL1 & ! UN=TUNATE ONES >E TOLD !Y MAY *ANGE !IR MA/] & BECOME ! SLAVES ( ANO!R4 ,( FRE$OM FROM ! SLAV]Y BR\<T AB\T BY ! MEANS ( MONEY !RE IS NOT ONE ?\<T4 ,& ! PEOPLE CALL = ANO!R MA/]1 TO :OM !Y GIVE !MSELVES UP1 ASK+ HIM TO IMPROVE !IR CONDITION4 ,! ,5GLI% COME1 SEE ?AT DOM9ION OV] !SE ISL&]S WILL GIVE !M ! POSSIBILITY ( FE$+ !IR ALREADY TOO GREATLY MULTIPLI$ P>ASITES1 & TAKE POSSESSION ( ! ISL&S & !IR 9HABITANTS4 

,BUT IT DOES NOT TAKE !M 9 ! =M ( P]SONAL SLAVES1 IT DOES NOT TAKE EV5 ! L&1 NOR DI/RIBUTE IT AMONG ITS ASSI/ANTS4 ,!SE OLD WAYS >E NOT NECESS>Y N[3 ONLY ONE ?+ IS NECESS>Y1--TAXES :I* MU/ BE L>GE 5\< ON ! ONE H& TO PREV5T ! WORK+M5 FROM FREE+ !MSELVES FROM VIRTUAL SLAV]Y1 & ON ! O!R H&1 TO FE$ LUXURI\SLY A GREAT NUMB] ( P>ASITES4 ,! 9HABITANTS MU/ PAY SEV5TY ?\S& P\NDS /]L+ ANNUALLY1--?AT IS ! FUNDAM5TAL CONDITION UPON :I* ,5GL& CONS5TS TO FREE ! ,FIJIS FROM ! ,AM]ICAN DESPOTISM1 & ?IS IS JU/ :AT WAS WANT+ = ! F9AL 5SLAV+ ( ! 9HABITANTS4 ,BUT IT TURNS \T ?AT ! ,FIJI-,ISL&]S CANNOT UND] ANY CIRCUM/ANCES PAY !SE SEV5TY ?\S& P\NDS 9 !IR PRES5T /ATE4 ,! CLAIM IS TOO GREAT4 

,! ,5GLI% TEMPOR>ILY MODIFY IT1 & TAKE A P>T ( IT \T 9 NATURAL PRODUCTS 9 ORD] ?AT 9 TIME1 :5 MONEY HAS COME 9TO CIRCULATION1 !Y MAY RECEIVE !  
  FULL SUM4 ,!Y DO NOT BEHAVE LIKE ! =M] COMPANY1 :OSE CONDUCT WE MAY LIK5 TO ! FIR/ COM+ ( SAVAGE 9VAD]S 9TO AN UNCIVILIZ$ L&1 :5 !Y WANT ONLY TO TAKE AS MU* AS POSSIBLE & !N DECAMP2 BUT ,5GL& BEHAVES LIKE A MORE CLE>-SI<T$ 5SLAV]2 %E DOES NOT KILL AT ONE BL[ ! GOOSE ) ! GOLD5 EGGS1 BUT FE$S H] 9 ORD] ?AT %E MAY CONT9UE TO LAY !M4 ,5GL& AT FIR/ RELAXES ! RE9S = H] [N 9T]E/ ?AT %E MAY HOLD !M TI<T =EV] AFT]W>DS1 & SO HAS BR\<T ! ,FIJI-,ISL&]S 9TO ?AT /ATE ( P]MAN5T MONET>Y ?RALLDOM 9 :I* ALL CIVILIZ$ ,EUROPEAN PEOPLE N[ EXI/1 & FROM :I* !IR *ANCE ( ESCAPE IS NOT APP>5T4 

,?IS PH5OM5ON REPEATS ITSELF 9 ,AM]ICA1 9 ,*9A1 9 ,C5TRAL ,ASIA2 & IT IS ! SAME 9 ! HI/ORY ( ! CONQUE/ ( ALL NATIONS4 

,MONEY IS AN 9(F5SIVE MEANS ( EX*ANGE :5 IT IS NOT COLLECT$ :ILE LOAD$ GUNS >E DIRECT$ FROM ! SEA-%ORE AGA9/ ! DEF5SELESS 9HABITANTS4 ,AS SOON AS IT IS TAK5 BY ! =CE ( GUNS1 ! SAME ?+ MU/ 9EVITABLY TAKE PLACE :I* OCCURR$ ON ! ,FIJI ,ISL&S1 & HAS ALWAYS & EV]Y:]E REPEAT$ ITSELF4 

,M5 :O CONSID] IT !IR LAWFUL RI<T TO UTILIZE ! LABOR ( O!RS1 WILL A*IEVE !IR 5DS BY ! MEANS ( A =CIBLE DEM& ( A SUM ( MONEY :I* WILL COMPEL ! OPPRESS$ TO BECOME ! SLAVES ( ! OPPRESSORS4 

,MOREOV]1 ?AT WILL HAPP5 :I* OCCURR$ BETWE5 ! ,5GLI% & ! ,FIJIS1--! EXTORTION]S WILL ALWAYS1 9 !IR DEM& = MONEY1 RA!R EXCE$ ! LIMIT TO :I* ! AM\NT ( ! SUM REQUIR$ MU/ RISE1 SO ?AT ! 5SLAV+ MAY BE E>LI]4 ,!Y WILL RESPECT ?IS LIMIT ONLY :ILE !Y HAVE MORAL S5SE & SUFFICI5T MONEY = !MSELVES3 !Y WILL OV]/EP IT :5 !Y LOSE !IR MORAL S5SE OR EV5 DO NOT REQUIRE FUNDS4 

,AS = GOV]NM5TS1 !Y WILL ALWAYS EXCE$ ?IS LIMIT1--FIR/1 BECAUSE = A GOV]NM5T !RE EXI/S NO MORAL S5SE ( JU/ICE2 & SECONDLY1 BECAUSE1 AS EV]YONE KN[S1 EV]Y GOV]NM5T IS ALWAYS 9 ! GREATE/ WANT ( MONEY1 ?R\< W>S & ! NECESSITY ( GIV+ GRATUITIES TO !IR ALLIES4 ,ALL GOV]NM5TS >E 9SOLV5T1 & 9VOLUNT>ILY FOLL[ A MAXIM EXPRESS$ BY A ,RUSSIAN /ATESMAN ( ! EI<TE5? C5TURY1--?AT ! PEASANT MU/ BE %E>$ ( HIS WOOL LE/ IT GR[ TOO LONG4 ,ALL GOV]NM5TS >E HOPELESSLY 9 DEBT1 & ?IS DEBT ON AN AV]AGE 7NOT TAK+ 9 CONSID]ATION ITS OCCASIONAL DIM9UTION 9 ,5GL& & ,AM]ICA7 IS GR[+ AT A T]RIBLE  
  RATE4 ,SO ALSO GR[ ! BUDGETS2 ?AT IS1 ! NECESSITY ( /RUGGL+ ) O!R EXTORTION]S1 & ( GIV+ PRES5TS TO ?OSE :O ASSI/ 9 EXTORTION1 & BECAUSE ( ?AT GR[S ! L& R5T4 

,WAGES DO NOT 9CREASE1 NOT BECAUSE ( ! LAW ( R5T1 BUT BECAUSE TAXES1 COLLECT$ ) VIOL5CE1 EXI/1 ) ! OBJECT ( TAK+ AWAY FROM M5 !IR SUP]FLUITIES1 SO ?AT !Y MAY BE COMPELL$ TO SELL !IR LABOR TO SATISFY !M1--UTILIZ+ !IR LABOR BE+ ! AIM ( RAIS+ ! TAXES4 

,& !IR LABOR CAN ONLY BE UTILIZ$ :51 ON A G5]AL AV]AGE1 ! TAXES REQUIR$ >E MORE ?AN ! LABOR]S >E ABLE TO GIVE )\T DEPRIV+ !MSELVES ( ALL MEANS ( SUBSI/5CE4 ,! 9CREASE ( WAGES W\LD PUT AN 5D TO ! POSSIBILITY ( SLAV]Y2 & !RE=E1 AS LONG AS VIOL5CE EXI/S1 WAGES CAN NEV] BE 9CREAS$4 ,! SIMPLE & PLA9 MODE ( ACTION ( SOME M5 T[>DS O!RS1 POLITICAL ECONOMI/S T]M ! IRON LAW2 ! 9/RUM5T BY :I* SU* ACTION IS P]=M$1 !Y CALL A M$IUM ( EX*ANGE2 & MONEY IS ?IS 9(F5SIVE M$IUM ( EX*ANGE NECESS>Y = M5 9 !IR TRANSACTIONS ) EA* O!R4 

,:Y IS IT1 !N1 ?AT1 :5EV] !RE IS NO VIOL5T DEM& = MONEY TAXES1 MONEY 9 ITS TRUE SIGNIFICATION HAS NEV] EXI/$1 & NEV] CAN EXI/2 BUT1 AS AMONG ! ,FIJI-,ISL&]S1 ! ,PHO5ICIANS1 ! ,KIR<IS1 & G5]ALLY AMONG M5 :O DO NOT PAY TAXES1 SU* AS ! ,AFRICANS1 !RE IS EI!R A DIRECT EX*ANGE ( PRODUCE1 %EEP1 HIDES1 SK9S1 OR ACCID5TAL /&>DS ( VALUE1 SU* AS %ELLS8 

,A DEF9ITE K9D ( MONEY1 :ATEV] IT MAY BE1 ALWAYS BECOMES NOT A MEANS ( EX*ANGE1 BUT A MEANS ( RANSOM+ FROM VIOL5CE2 & IT BEG9S TO CIRCULATE AMONG M5 ONLY :5 A DEF9ITE /&>D IS COMPULSORILY REQUIR$ FROM ALL4 

,IT IS ONLY !N ?AT EV]YBODY WANTS IT EQUALLY1 & ONLY !N DOES IT RECEIVE ANY VALUE4 

,& FUR!R1 IT IS NOT ! ?+ ?AT IS MO/ CONV5I5T = EX*ANGE ?AT RECEIVES EX*ANGE VALUE1 BUT ?AT :I* IS REQUIR$ BY ! GOV]NM5T4 ,IF GOLD IS DEM&$1 GOLD BECOMES VALUABLE3 IF KNUCKLE-BONES W]E DEM&$1 !Y1 TOO1 W\LD BECOME VALUABLE4 ,IF IT W]E NOT SO1 :Y1 !N1 HAS ! ISSUE ( ?IS MEANS ( EX*ANGE ALWAYS BE5 ! PR]OGATIVE ( ! GOV]NM5T8 ,! ,FIJI-,ISL&]S1 = 9/ANCE1 HAVE >RANG$ AMONG !MSELVES !IR [N MEANS ( EX*ANGE2 WELL1 !N1 LET !M BE FREE TO EX*ANGE :AT & H[ !Y LIKE1 & Y\1 M5 POSSESS+  
  P[]1 OR ! MEANS ( VIOL5CE1 DO NOT 9T]F]E ) ?IS EX*ANGE4 ,BUT 9/EAD ( ?IS Y\ CO9 MONEY1 & DO NOT ALL[ ANYONE ELSE TO CO9 IT2 OR1 AS IS ! CASE ) US1 Y\ M]ELY PR9T SOME NOTES1 5GRAV+ UPON !M ! HEADS ( ! CZ>S1 SIGN !M ) A P>TICUL> SIGNATURE1 & ?REAT5 TO PUNI% EV]Y FALSIFICATION ( !M4 ,!N Y\ DI/RIBUTE ?IS MONEY TO Y\R ASSI/ANTS1 &1 UND] ! NAME ( DUTIES & TAXES1 Y\ REQUIRE EV]YBODY TO GIVE Y\ SU* MONEY OR SU* NOTES ) SU* SIGNATURES1 & SO MANY ( !M1 ?AT A WORKMAN MU/ GIVE AWAY ALL HIS LABOR 9 ORD] TO GET !SE NOTES OR CO9S2 & !N Y\ WANT TO CONV9CE US ?AT ?IS MONEY IS NECESS>Y = US AS A MEANS ( EX*ANGE6 

,H]E >E ALL M5 FREE1 & NONE OPPRESSES ! O!RS OR KEEPS !M 9 SLAV]Y2 BUT MONEY APPE>S 9 SOCIETY & IMM$IATELY AN IRON LAW EXI/S1 9 CONSEQU5CE ( :I* R5T 9CREASES & WAGES DIM9I% TO ! M9IMUM4 

,?AT HALF 7NAY1 MORE ?AN HALF7 ( ! ,RUSSIAN PEASANTS1 9 ORD] TO PAY DIRECT & 9DIRECT TAXES1 VOLUNT>ILY SELL !MSELVES AS SLAVES TO ! L&-[N]S OR TO MANUFACTUR]S1 DOES NOT AT ALL SIGNIFY 7:I* IS OBVI\S72 = ! VIOL5T COLLECTION ( ! POLL-TAXES & 9DIRECT & L& TAXES1 :I* HAVE TO BE PAID 9 MONEY TO ! GOV]NM5T & TO ITS ASSI/ANTS 7! L&[N]S71 COMPELS ! WORKMAN TO BE A SLAVE TO ?OSE :O [N MONEY2 BUT IT MEANS ?AT ?IS MONEY1 AS A MEANS ( EX*ANGE1 & AN IRON LAW1 EXI/4 

,BE=E ! S]FS W]E FREE1 ,I C\LD COMPEL ,IVAN TO DO ANY WORK2 & IF HE REFUS$ TO DO IT1 ,I C\LD S5D HIM TO ! POLICE-S]GEANT1 & ! LATT] W\LD GIVE HIM ! ROD TILL HE SUBMITT$4 ,BUT IF ,I COMPELL$ ,IVAN TO OV]WORK HIMSELF1 & DID NOT GIVE HIM EI!R L& OR FOOD1 ! MATT] W\LD GO UP TO ! AU?ORITIES1 & ,I %\LD HAVE TO ANSW] = IT4 

,BUT N[ ?AT M5 >E FREE1 ,I CAN COMPEL ,IVAN & ,PET] & ,SIDOR TO DO EV]Y K9D ( WORK2 & IF !Y REFUSE ,I GIVE !M NO MONEY TO PAY TAXES1 & !N !Y WILL BE FLOGG$ TILL !Y SUBMIT3 BESIDES ?IS1 ,I MAY ALSO MAKE A ,G]MAN1 A ,FR5*MAN1 A ,*9AMAN1 & AN ,9DIAN1 WORK = ME BY ?AT MEANS1 SO ?AT1 IF !Y DO NOT SUBMIT1 ,I %ALL NOT GIVE !M MONEY TO HIRE L&1 OR TO BUY BREAD1 BECAUSE !Y HAVE NEI!R L& NOR BREAD4 ,& IF ,I MAKE !M OV]WORK !MSELVES1 OR KILL !M ) EXCESS ( LABOR1 NOBODY WILL SAY A WORD TO ME AB\T IT2 &1 MOREOV]1 IF ,I HAVE READ BOOKS ON POLITICAL ECONOMY ,I %ALL BE QUITE SURE ?AT ALL M5 >E  
  FREE & ?AT MONEY DOES NOT CREATE SLAV]Y6 

,\R PEASANTS HAVE LONG KN[N ?AT ) A RUBLE ONE CAN HURT MORE ?AN ) A /ICK4 ,IT IS ONLY POLITICAL ECONOMI/S :O CANNOT SEE IT4 

,TO SAY ?AT MONEY DOES NOT CREATE BONDAGE1 IS ! SAME AS TO HAVE ASS]T$1 FIFTY YE>S AGO1 ?AT S]FDOM DID NOT CREATE SLAV]Y4 ,POLITICAL ECONOMI/S SAY ?AT MONEY IS AN 9(F5SIVE M$IUM ( EX*ANGE1 NOT)/&+ ! FACT ?AT ITS POSSESSION 5ABLES ONE MAN TO 5?RALL$ ANO!R4 ,:Y1 !N1 WAS IT NOT SAID HALF A C5TURY AGO ?AT S]VITUDE WAS1 9 ITSELF1 AN 9(F5SIVE M$IUM ( RECIPROCAL S]VICES1 NOT)/&+ ! FACT ?AT NO MAN C\LD LAWFULLY 5?RALL$ ANO!R8 ,SOME GIVE !IR MANUAL LABOR1 & ! WORK ( O!RS CONSI/S 9 TAK+ C>E ( ! PHYSICAL & 9TELLECTUAL WELF>E ( ! SLAVES1 & 9 SUP]9T5D+ !IR EF=TS4 

,&1 ,I FANCY1 SOME REALLY DID SAY ?IS4 

,FROM 3 ,GUT5B]G4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #aic 3 ,*APT] #ah -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,FEBRU>Y #a#i1 #bag 3 ,*APT] #ah -- ,ADD$4 

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