,P>T #c1 ,*APT] #a 
,9TRODUCTION 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,AUFHEB5 

,TEXT 3 

,P>T ,I,I,I3 ,LEFT ,COMMUNISM & ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION 

,9 ! PREVI\S >TICLES WE EXAM9$ V>I\S ,TROTSKYI/ & NEO-,TROTSKYI/ POSITIONS ON ! NATURE ( ! ,U,S,S,R4 

,WE N[ TURN TO ! !ORIES ( ! LESS WELL KN[N BUT MORE 9T]E/+ ,COMMUNI/ ,LEFT1 :O W]E AMONG ! FIR/ REVOLUTION>Y ,M>XI/S TO DI/ANCE !MSELVES FROM ! ,RUSSIAN MODEL BY DEEM+ IT /ATE CAPITALI/ OR SIMPLY CAPITALI/4 ,! ,RUSSIAN ,LEFT ,COMMUNI/S' CRITIQUE REMA9$ AT ! LEVEL ( AN IMM$IATE RESPONSE TO H[ CAPITALI/ MEASURES W]E AFFECT+ ! CLASS1 :]EAS 9 BO? ! ,G]MAN_/,DUT* & ,ITALIAN ,LEFTS1 WE SEE REAL ATTEMPTS TO GR\ND REVOLUTION>Y !ORY 9 ,M>X'S CATEGORIES 9 A WAY DI/9CT FROM ,SECOND ,9T]NATIONAL OR?ODOXY4 

,9TRODUCTION 

,ANY ANALYSIS ( ! ,U,S,S,R NECESS>ILY 9VOLVES AN UND]LY+ CONCEPTION ( :AT ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION WAS4 ,! ,TROTSKYI/ APPROA*ES ?AT WE HAVE PREVI\SLY CONSID]$ >E ALL BAS$ ON ! CONCEPTION ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION AS BE+ AN ESS5TIALLY PROLET>IAN REVOLUTION ?AT SOMEH[ DEG5]AT$4 ,BY CONTRA/ A CONSID]ATION ( ,LEFT ,COMMUNI/ !ORIES ALL[ US TO QUE/ION ?IS UND]LY+ ASSUMPTION1 & AS A RESULT PROVIDES VITAL 9SI<TS 9TO ! DEVELOPM5T ( A !ORY ( :AT ! ,U,S,S,R WAS4 

,! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION SEEM$ TO %[ = ! FIR/ TIME ?AT WORK]S C\LD ACTUALLY OV]?R[ A B\RGEOIS CAPITALI/ /ATE & RUN SOCIETY !MSELVES4 ,AFT] ALMO/ ALL ( ! SOCIALI/ P>TIES & TRADE UNIONS ( ! MA9/REAM ,SECOND ,9T]NATIONAL WORK]S MOVEM5T PATRIOTICALLY SUPPORT$ ! SLAU<T] ( ! FIR/ WORLD W>1 ! ,BOL%EVIKS IT SEEM$ HAD REASS]T$ AN 9T]NATIONALI/ REVOLUTION>Y ,M>XISM4 ,BUT IF ! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION WAS 9ITIALLY A MASSIVE 9SPIRATION TO PROLET>IANS ACROSS ! WORLD1 BE+ A FIR/ \TBREAK 9 ! REVOLUTION>Y WAVE ?AT 5D$ ! W>1 ITS IMPACT AFT] ?AT IS MORE AMBIGU\S4 ,! WORD 'COMMUNI/' BECAME ASSOCIAT$ ) A SY/EM ( /ATE CONTROL ( ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION1 C\PL$ ) SEV]E REPRESSION ( ALL OPPOSITION4 ,! WORK]S MOVEM5T ACROSS ! WORLD WAS DOM9AT$ BY ?IS MODEL ( 'ACTUALLY EXI/+ SOCIALISM'1 & ! P>TIES :O ORI5T$ !MSELVES TO IT4 ,! ROLE ( !SE REGIMES & P>TIES WAS TO DO MORE TO KILL ! IDEA ( PROLET>IAN REVOLUTION & COMMUNISM ?AN ORD9>Y CAPITALI/ REPRESSION HAD EV] BE5 ABLE TO4 ,SO ?OSE 9 FAVOR ( PROLET>IAN REVOLUTION HAD TO DI/+UI% !MSELVES FROM !SE (FICIAL COMMUNI/ P>TIES & TO MAKE S5SE ( :AT HAD HAPP5$ 9 ,RUSSIA4 ,A GR\P ?AT DID SO WAS ! ,LEFT ,COMMUNI/S OR ,COMMUNI/ ,LEFT4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,FEBRU>Y #a1 #bba 3 ,P>T #c1 ,*APT] #a -- ,ADD$4 

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