,:Y A ,VANGU>D8 

#aigg 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,ALFR$O ,M>IA ,BONANNO 

,TEXT 3 

,! IDEAS ?AT FOLL[ >E AIM$ AT GO+ 9TO ! PROBLEM ( ! RELATIONS BETWE5 ! MOVEM5T ( ! EXPLOIT$ & ! REVOLUTION>Y AN>*I/ MOVEM5T4 

,! CONCLUSION IS V]Y SIMPLE & CON/ITUTES ! />T+ PO9T ( A REFLECTION ?AT WE >E PROPOS+ TO ALL COMRADES3 IT IS NOT )9 ! 5CLOSURE ( ! SPECIFIC AN>*I/ MOVEM5T ?AT ONE WORKS = ! REVOLUTION1 BUT \TSIDE 9 ! REALITY ( /RUGGLES1 :I* AT ?IS MOM5T DO NOT SEE US PRES5T4 ,9 ?IS S5SE ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T /ILL HAS A LONG WAY TO GO4 ,9 ! FACE ( ! URG5CY ( ! SITUATION IT HAS BECOME IMP]ATIVE = ALL S9C]E REVOLUTION>Y AN>*I/ COMRADES TO REFLECT ON ! WAYS & CONDITIONS ( ORGANIZ+ ONESELF TO CONTRIBUTE TO ! WID5+1 9 ! LIB]T>IAN S5SE1 ( ! PRES5T SITUATION ( CRISES & DISCOM=T4 

,! TIME = HESITATION & WAIT+ IS OV]4 ,MAY :OEV] IS AVAILABLE = ! REVOLUTION>Y /RUGGLE SEEK HIS OR H] COMRADES & NOT 9DULGE 9 WAIT+ = A SIGN OR CL>IFICATION ON ! P>T ( ! SPECIFIC MOVEM5T4 

,A,M,B 

,:Y A VANGU>D8 

,! PROBLEM ( ! VANGU>D HAS BE5 GONE 9TO BY ALL CONSCI\S REVOLUTION>IES PA/ & PRES5T4 ,!Y FE> ITS DANG]S & TRY TO SEE :AT CAUSES IT & H[ TO ELIM9ATE IT OR ATT5UATE ITS EFFECTS4 

,! PROBLEM IS F> MORE S]I\S = AN>*I/S4 ,!Y DO NOT ACCEPT ! POLITICAL EXP$I5TS ?AT O!R REVOLUTION>IES 5D UP JU/IFY+ 9 !IR HA/E TO TAKE P[]4 

,ALL ! SAME1 AN>*I/S ALSO 5D UP PRODUC+ VANGU>DS BUT !Y >E C>EFUL NOT TO CALL !M SU*1 A WORD !Y DETE/4 ,BUT WE HAVE NO FIG LEAF ) :I* TO COV] UP REALITY1 & IF ?IS 9CLUDES /RUCTURES ?AT >E ! SAME OR SIMIL> TO ?OSE ( ! AU?ORIT>IANS1 IT IS PO9TLESS TO TRY TO CONCEAL ! FACT SIMPLY BY US+ DIFF]5T WORDS4 

,IS A VANGU>D NECESS>Y !N8 

,!RE IS NO SIMPLE ANSW] TO ?IS4 ,AN>*I/S HAVE T5D$ TO BURY !IR HEADS 9 ! S& UNTIL N[1 HOP+ TO SOLVE ! PROBLEM ?R\< ! USE ( METAPHORS4 

,WE FEEL WE MU/ TAKE A /EP =W>D & RISK UPSETT+ ?OSE ?AT >E OB/9ATELY HOLD+ ON TO !IR POSITIONS LIKE ! SAME OLD OCTOPUS ON ! SAME OLD ROCK4 

,MANY HAVE CUT ! PROBLEM %ORT BY SIMPLY /AT+ ?AT !RE IS A NE$ = A VANGU>D4 ,PU%+ ! UND]LY+ IDEOLOGY -- ALWAYS PRES5T 9 AN>*ISM -- 9 AN AU?ORIT>IAN DIRECTION1 !Y PULL !IR SLEEVES UP & SET TO WORK4 ,) ! AID ( SOME EXTREMELY DI/ILL$ & REF9$ !ORIES1 !Y />T TO BUILD MY/]I\S CON/RUCTIONS ?AT >E MAXIMS ( CONTROL & SELECTION4 

,SU* A POSITION DOES NOT DIFF] MU* FROM ?OSE :O1 CATEGORICALLY D5Y+ ?AT !RE IS ANY SU* ?+ AS A VANGU>D 9 AN>*ISM1 REFUSE TO SEE REALITY AS IT IS4 

,?IS T5D5CY -- USUALLY WRAPP$ UP 9 HUMANI/IC RHETORIC BORD]+ ON NEBUL\S IDEALISM -- IS ! SWORN 5EMY ( ! =M] :I* IT ACCUSES ( BE+ ! MO/ S9I/] ,L59ISM CAM\FLAG$ AS AN>*ISM4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 ! MORE %>P-WITT$ P>T ( ! MOVEM5T1 AW>E ( ! DIFFICULTIES 9VOLV$ 9 TRY+ TO JU/IFY SOME ( ! LEAD]%IP1 REPLACE ! T]M 0VANGU>D0 ) 0ACTIVE M9ORITY0 & SIMIL> EUPHEMISMS4 

,H[EV]1 ! PROBLEM IS NOT JU/ A QUE/ION ( WORDS4 ,WE >E NOT 9T]E/$ 9 SUB/ITUT+ ONE T]M ) ANO!R & EXPLA9+ :Y1 BUT >E TRY+ TO GET TO ! ROOT ( ! PROBLEMS ?AT SU* A CONCEPT LEADS TO4 

,& ! QUE/ION DOES NOT *ANGE IF WE CALL ! 0?+0 A VANGU>D OR AN ACTIVE M9ORITY4 

,:AT IS ?IS ?+ !N8 ,:AT IS A REVOLUTION>Y VANGU>D8 

,! ANSW] LOOKS SIMPLE3 IT IS AN ORGANIC :OLE COMPOS$ ( ! 9DIVIDUALS ?AT MAKE IT UP4 ,?IS ORGANIZATION T5DS TO CUT ITSELF (F FROM & IMPOSE ITSELF UPON ! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T ?AT PRODUC$ IT4 

,LET US LOOK AT ?IS 9 /AGES4 

,!RE >E MANY WAYS TO JU/IFY ! NE$ = A SPECIFIC ORGANIZATION TO TAKE ON C]TA9 PROBLEMS ?AT MASS ORGANIZATIONS CANNOT SOLVE4 ,OBVI\SLY1 ?OSE :O MAKE UP ?IS ORGANIZATION MU/ HAVE ?REE ATTRIBUTES3 A7 KN[L$GE2 B7 COMMITM5T2 C7 TIME4 ,P[] E/ABLI%ES ITSELF ON ! BASIS ( AU?ORITATIV5ESS RA!R ?AN AU?ORITY 9 ! N>R[ S5SE ( ! WORD4 ,WE >E TALK+ ( REVOLUTION>Y ORGANIZATIONS 9 G5]AL1 BUT LET US NOT LOSE SI<T ( ?OSE WE >E P>TICUL>LY 9T]E/$ 9 EXAM9+1 AN>*I/ ORGANIZATIONS4 ,IT IS PRECISELY 9 ! LATT] ?AT ELEM5TS ( AU?ORITATIV5ESS PR$OM9ATE OV] AU?ORITY1 LEAV+ ! UND]LY+ PROBLEM 9TACT3 ?AT ( ! GR[? & CONSOLIDATION ( AN ORGANIZATION 7!RE=E ( A GR\P ( PEOPLE7 ?AT EX]TS CONTROL OV] ! RE/ ( ! MOVEM5T4 

,! REVOLUTION IS EM95TLY AN ORGANIZATIONAL EV5T1 SO IT IS NO WOND] ?AT A PROCESS ( ORGANIZATIONAL SUP]/RUCTUR+ COMES AB\T :5 BASE ORGANIZATIONS MULTIPLY4 ,?IS C\LD QUITE WELL BE LIMIT$ 7AT LEA/ 9 ! E>LY /AGES7 BY PO9T+ TO ! QUE/IONS ?AT SU* AN ORGANIZATION %\LD CONC]N ITSELF ) & CONTROLL+ IT ?R\< A RECALL ( ITS DELEGATES4 ,WE %ALL SEE :Y SU* EXP$I5TS 7LIMITATION ( TASKS & RECALL ( DELEGATES7 CON/ITUTE V]Y FRAGILE BULW>KS1 & H[ !SE >E (T5 SIMPLY US$ TO SOLVE CONSCI5CES1 I4E4 AS ALIBIS1 RA!R ?AN AS 9/RUM5TS ) :I* TO LIMIT P[] AS SU*4 

,:5 ! C\NT]REVOLUTION LETS LOOSE1 ?IS GR\P T5DS TO CLOSE 9 ON ITSELF4 ,REPRESSION & CL&E/9ITY HAVE ! EFFECT ( MAK+ IT TURN 9TO A MILIT>IZ$ GR\P :I* 7SUDD5LY OR GRADUALLY7 LOSES ITS RELATION%IP ) ! OLD BASE ORGANIZATIONS1 ! FIR/ TO SUCCUMB TO ! REPRESSION4 ,AT O!R TIMES ! PR$OM9ANT ORGANIZATIONAL GR\P SPLITS 9TO A NUMB] ( SEP>ATE OR COORD9AT$ GR\PS ?AT -- /ILL LIMIT$ 9 NUMB] -- C>RY ON ! /RUGGLE1 (T5 DRAW+ 9 ?OSE FROM ! BASE ORGANIZATION :O PREF] TO GO 9TO CL&E/9ITY4 ,WE >E LOOK+ AT AN EXTREME SITUATION H]E ?AT R$UCES ! VALUE ( ! WORK DONE AT O!R TIMES :5 ! C\NT]REVOLUTION LEAVES ! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T RELATIVELY 9 PEACE4 ,BUT ! PROBLEMS >IS+ FROM ?IS RADICALIZATION >E NONE O!R ?AN ?OSE ?AT ALREADY EXI/$1 N[ 9 A MORE R>IFI$1 OBVI\S1 =M4 

,! CONDITIONS LEAD+ TO ! =MATION ( ! VANGU>D >E !RE=E L9K$ TO ! DEVELOPM5T ( REVOLUTION>Y ACTIVITY ITSELF4 ,AN ORGANIZATION =M$ ( M5 & WOM5 -- ! BE/ AVAILABLE -- EM]GES1 & ALONG ) IT ! DANG] ( ITS BEG9N+ TO REASON 9DEP5D5TLY 9 KEEP+ ) ! LOGIC ( ALL ORGANIZATIONS1 !IR MA9 PRIORITY BECOM+ !IR [N SURVIVAL4 

,SU* A CONCLUSION W\LD SEEM TO IMPLICATE ! 9EVITABILITY ( A VANGU>D1 YET1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 ,I BELIEVE ?AT IT IS POSSIBLE TO GO BEYOND A M9ORITY LOGIC4 ,H[EV]1 9 ORD] = ?IS TO BECOME CLE> A NUMB] ( PO9TS NE$ TO BE CONSID]$4 

,! ORGANIZATIONAL QUE/ION 

,NO?+ IS POSSIBLE )\T ORGANIZATION4 ,HUMAN LIFE W\LD /OP & EV]Y?+ W\LD FALL 9TO *AOS4 ,ORGANIZATION IS 9DISP5SABLE TO MAN TO SU* AN EXT5T ?AT ANY IMPROVEM5T 9 ! LATT]1 EV5 IF C>RI$ \T BY TYRANTS1 IS TO BE CONSID]$ SOME?+ POSITIVE4 ,! V]Y IDEA ( PROGRESS W\LD NEV] HAVE COME AB\T HAD ORGANIZATION NOT BE5 ESS5TIAL TO MAN4 ,9 ?IS S5SE1 IF HI/ORY IS ! DEVELOPM5T ( ANY?+ IT IS ! DEVELOPM5T ( SOME?+ ORGANIZ$4 

,! P[] /RUCTURE IS A FAIRLY REF9$ ORGANIZATION AIM$ AT ATTA9+ 5DS = ! B5EFIT ( A M9ORITY4 ,! MAJORITY >E 5GAG$ 9 BR++ AB\T !SE 5DS4 ,BUT WE CANNOT D5Y ?AT ! 9T]E/S ( ! M9ORITY ALSO HOLD C]TA9 POSITIVE ASPECTS = ! MAJORITY4 ,! LATT] W\LD REBEL OR DIE O!RWISE & ! =M]'S AIMS W\LD NOT BE REA*$4 

,! P[] /RUCTURE IS FULL ( EXP$I5TS = OBTA9+ ! MAXIMUM :IL/ GIV+ ! M9IMUM4 ,IT ELABORATES !SE EXP$I5TS & PUTS !M 9TO EFFECT1 MODIFY+ !M FROM TIME TO TIME 9 RELATION TO ! /RUGGLE C>RI$ \T BY ! MAJORITY1 I4E4 ! EXPLOIT$4 

,! LATT]1 AS A RESULT ( V>I\S -- ALL DRAMATIC -- EXP]I5CES ( /RUGGLE1 HAVE DEVELOP$ ORGANIZATIONS ( !IR [N TO MAKE ! CLA% MORE EFFECTIVE4 ,!SE HAVE GRADUALLY 5T]$ ! LOGIC ( EXPLOITATION & BECOME AN 9TEGRAL P>T ( IT1 CO9CID+ ) P[]'S DISCOV]Y ( ! UNT5ABILITY ( ABSOLUTISM & ! IDIOCY ( FASCI/ IRRATIONALISM4 

,?IS IS H[ DEMOCRATIC P[] WAS BORN1 AN ORGANIZATION ?AT CONT9UES TO EXPLOIT ! MAJORITY TO ! B5EFIT ( ! M9ORITY BUT DOES SO US+ ! MAJORITY'S [N ORGANIZATIONS ( DEF5SE4 

,MOREOV]1 :AT HAS MADE ?IS POSSIBLE IS ! FACT ?AT ! DEF5SE ORGANIZATIONS ( ! MAJORITY HAVE NE>LY ALWAYS COME 9TO EFFECT AFT] BECOM+ LEGALIZ$4 

,BUT ORGANIZATIONAL ACTIVITY %\LD NOT NECESS>ILY BE SE5 AS SOME?+ ?AT IS BUILT FROM ! \TSIDE BY SPECIALI/S :O MAKE DECISIONS ACCORD+ TO !IR [N AIMS4 ,?IS 9T]PRETATION CONTA9S TWO BASIC ]RORS3 :AT WE C\LD CALL ! BIOLOGICAL ]ROR1 & ! FUNCTIONALI/ ONE4 ,ACCORD+ TO ?IS WAY ( ?9K+ AN ORGANIZATION MU/ /RUCTURE ITSELF MORE OR LESS LIKE AN ORGANISM 7HAVE A HEAD & LIMBS1 !RE=E A HI]>*Y7 & FULFILL ! ESS5TIAL REQUIREM5TS ( EFFICI5CY & FUNCTIONALITY4 ,IF ! EXPLOIT$ MAJORITY CANNOT DEF5D !MSELVES BECAUSE !Y >E DISP]S$ 9 S+LE UNITS 7LIKE ! CELLS ( ORGANIC TISSUE71 WE MU/ PUT !SE CELLS TOGE!R & BUILD A BODY ) A PRECI\S /RUCTURE 7I4E4 TRADES UNIONS & UNIONS 9 G5]AL7 SUIT$ TO ! AIMS 9 VIEW1 TO OPPOSE ! BOSSES 9 ! PROCESS ( EXPLOITATION & TO DEF5D ! MAJORITY4 

,! JU/IFICATION = ?IS IS ! CONCEPT ?AT1 BECAUSE ! BOSSES' /RUCTURE IS MONOLI?IC1 ! DEF5SE /RUCTURE %\LD ALSO BE SO4 

,! BIOLOGICAL & FUNCTIONALI/ ANALOGY ALSO DOM9AT$ 9 ! FIELD ( POLITICAL DEF5SE1 AS P>TY /RUCTURES 9CREAS$ 9 IMPORTANCE ALONGSIDE ! DECL9E ( ABSOLUTI/ ,/ATES4 

,! JU/IFICATION1 ! MONOLI?ICITY ( ! ,/ATE4 

,?IS IS ALL QUITE PA!TIC4 ,! GREAT IRONY ( HI/ORY LIES 9 ! FACT ?AT IT WAS P[] ITSELF TO DECIDE ! T]MS ( ! HUGE DEF5SE ORGANIZATIONS4 ,!SE T]MS W]E PRODUC$ ON AN ORGANIC & FUNCTIONAL BASIS1 (T5 AS ! 9VOLUNT>Y CONSEQU5CE ( C]TA9 MODIFICATIONS )9 ! P[] /RUCTURE ITSELF4 ,CLE>LY AN ORGANISM ( DEF5SE IS A PRODUCT ( A P>TICUL> HI/ORICAL P]IOD1 & NE>LY ALWAYS CONSOLIDATES 9 A PRECISE RELATION%IP ) ! P[] /RUCTURE ?AT CONDITIONS IT & R5D]S IT POSSIBLE4 

,AN 9CR$IBLE NUMB] ( COMRADES MA9TA9 ?AT !Y >E REVOLUTION>Y YET 9SI/ ON ! VALIDITY ( US+ ! DEF5SE /RUCTURES ( ! EXPLOIT$4 ,!Y SEE ! LATT] AS 9/RUM5TS ( /RUGGLE1 UNAW>E ( ! 9TIMATE RELATION%IP ( DEP5D5CY ?AT EXI/S BETWE5 !M & ! /RUCTURES ( P[]4 

,BUT HI/ORY HAS CONTRIBUT$ TO CL>IFY+ ?IS QUE/ION4 ,EA* TIME ! EXPLOIT$ HAVE MOV$ FROM DEF5SE TO ATTACK & A REVOLUTION>Y ME*ANISM HAS SPRUNG 9TO EFFECT1 O!R K9DS ( ORGANIZATIONAL /RUCTURE HAVE >IS54 

,! PROBLEM ( ! GREAT DEF5SE ORGANIZATIONS ( ! EXPLOIT$ IS NOT ! FACT ?AT !Y EXI/ -- SOME?+ ?AT IS NATURAL & 9ELIM9ABLE -- BUT PRECISELY ! DEF5SIVE DIM5SION ?AT !Y HAVE ADOPT$4 ,?AT IS :Y !Y 0COPY0 ! ORGANIZATIONS ( ! ADV]S>Y & USE ! SAME LOGIC4 

,ON ! O!R H&1 ORGANIZATIONS ( ATTACK DO NOT REPRODUCE ! BIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONALISM ( ! DEF5SIVE ONES4 ,!SE ORGANIZATIONAL =MS HAVE NO 9T5TION ( BECOM+ A GREAT MONOLI?IC /RUCTURE1 SO ALL[ ! PROCESS ( BREAK+ UP TO CONT9UE4 ,!Y DO NOT WANT TO REPRODUCE ! MODEL ( ! ADV]S>Y BY US+ ! SAME LOGIC4 ,IT IS TRUE ?AT ORGANIZATIONS ( DEF5SE CAN ALSO BE MOBILIZ$ TO ATTACK BUT ?IS TURNS \T TO BE A MILIT>Y-/YLE CLA% ?AT MI<T LOOK REVOLUTION>Y BUT :I* CAN HAVE NO O!R \TCOME ?AN ! P]SI/5CE ( ! OLD P[] OR ! BIR? ( A NEW ONE1 POSSIBLY MORE TYRANNICAL ?AN ! FIR/4 

,ORGANIZATIONS ( ATTACK1 ON ! O!R H&1 >E BORN ON ! BASIS ( A SOCIAL LOGIC ?AT TAKES PEOPLE'S NE$S1 ! LEVEL ( EXPLOITATION & ! EXT5T ( RADICALIZATION ?AT ! CLA% HAS REA*$ 9TO ACC\NT4 

,!SE ORGANIZATIONS DO NOT SUFF] FROM FUNCTIONALI/ ILLUSIONS4 ,!Y CANNOT BE IMPROV$ UPON1 !Y DO NOT HOPE TO 0GR[04 ,NEI!R DO !Y PUT !MSELVES 9 ! LOGIC ( A 0DIALOGUE0 ) P[]4 ,!Y >E = ! DE/RUCTION ( ALL P[] FROM ! MOM5T !Y APPE>1 SO 9 !IR V]Y LOGIC !Y >E ALREADY 0COMPLETE0 9 !MSELVES4 ,!Y CAN ( C\RSE P]FECT !MSELVES FROM ! PO9T ( VIEW ( TACTICS1 ! PREP>ATION ( !IR 9DIVIDUAL COMPON5TS OR ASPECTS ( ! MILIT>Y CLA%4 ,BUT AS F> AS ! ORGANIZATIONAL ASPECT IS CONC]N$ !RE IS NO?+ TO BE IMPROV$ UPON & VISE V]SA4 ,!Y >E BEYOND ! LOGIC ( P[]4 ,!Y >E 0\TLAWS04 

,NOT SEEK+ QUANTITATIVE GR[? !Y HAVE NO NE$ = A 0HEAD0 OR 0LIMBS04 ,!Y ORI5TATE !MSELVES T[>DS ! REALITY ( EXPLOITATION1 EM]G+ 9 !IR ORGANIZATIONAL COMPLET5ESS AT ! MOM5T 9 :I* !Y ATTACK P[]4 ,!Y DO NOT HAVE ONE FUNCTION AMONG O!RS1 BUT HAVE ! 0DEF9ITIVE FUNCTION0 ( DE/ROY+ P[]4 

,IT IS NOT IMPORTANT TO DESCRIBE H]E :AT =MS !SE ORGANIZATIONS ( ATTACK HAVE TAK5 9 ! HI/ORY ( ! EXPLOIT$ 7C\NCILS1 SOVIETS1 COMMITTEES1 ETC471 OR MI<T TAKE 9 ! NE> FUTURE4 ,NOR >E WE 9T]E/$ 9 DISCUSS+ AN IMPORTANT & IMM$IATELY OBVI\S *>ACT]I/IC ( !SE ORGANIZATIONS1 AUTONOMY4 

,ON ! CONTR>Y1 WE FEEL ?AT IT IS NECESS>Y TO REFLECT UPON TWO ?+S3 A7 ?AT !SE ORGANIZATIONS NEV] LOSE SI<T ( ! 9DIVIDUAL 7?AT IS ALSO AN ORGANIZATION72 B7 9 ! DE/RUCTIVE MOM5T !Y BECOME A MODEL = ! CON/RUCTION ( ! FUTURE SOCIETY4 

,N[ WE HAVE ACQUIR$ A NEW PROBLEM4 ,! S+LE 9DIVIDUAL IS AN ORGANIZATION1 OR RA!R IS ! FUNDAM5TAL ORGANIZATION4 ,H]E ! CONFUSION CONC]N+ AN APP>5T CONTRADICTION BETWE5 9DIVIDUALISM & AN>*I/ COMMUNISM DISAPPE>S4 ,:ILE ! =M] SOMETIMES ADOPTS ATTITUDES ?AT >E /RANGELY ABSURD 7! DEF5SE ( SMALL PROP]TY1 ! WILL TO P[]1 A DISDA9 = COMMUNI/ LIFE1 ETC471 MO/ ( ?IS IS NO MORE ?AN ISOLAT$ ATTITUDES ?AT HAVE HAD LITTLE CONTACT ) ! REALITY ( ! /RUGGLES ( ! EXPLOIT$4 ,A TYPICAL CASE IS ?AT ( ! HUMANI/S :O RECOGNIZE !MSELVES 9 AN>*ISM BUT1 H9D]$ BY !IR IDEALI/IC 9T]PRETATION ( ! VICISSITUDES ( MAN1 5D UP LOS+ ! ESS5TIAL F\NDATION ( ! EXPLOIT]_/EXPLOIT$ RELATION%IP4 ,!Y BR+ ! ATTRIBUTES ( ! OLD ,GOD D[N TO E>? & TURN !M 9TO A NEW MY?1 QUITE SIMIL> TO ! OLD ONE ?AT ONLY S]V$ ! DESIGNS ( P[]4 

,?IS K9D ( 9DIVIDUALISM IS CLE>LY A DI/ORTION ( ! MORE RATIONAL DOCTR9ES ( EGOISM4 ,IT D5IES ! CONCEPT ( ORGANIZATION & T5DS TO SEE MAN AS CONT9UALLY REALIZ+ HIMSELF )9 AN ANIMALI/IC DIM5SION ( ! /RUGGLE = LIFE4 ,IT SEES ! COMMUNI/ DIM5SION AS ! NEGATION ( HUMAN DEVELOPM5T1 ! SACRIFICE ( ! 9DIVIDUAL TO ! GOOD SOCIETY4 ,IT FI<TS = ! LIB]ATION ( ! 9DIVIDUAL \TSIDE A COMMUNIT>IAN P]SPECTIVE1 AVOID+ ! FUNDAM5TAL PREMISE ?AT ! SLAV]Y ( ONE S+LE 9DIVIDUAL 9 ! WORLD IS ALSO MY [N4 

,ON ! CONTR>Y1 :5 9DIVIDUALISM IS SE5 CORRECTLY IT />TS FROM ! CONCEPT ?AT1 AL?\< SIMPLE & BASIC FROM ! PO9T ( VIEW ( SOCIAL DYNAMICS1 ! 9DIVIDUAL IS ALREADY A COMPLEX ORGANIZATION4 ,?IS ORGANIZATION CAN E/ABLI% PRECISE RELATION%IPS ) O!R ORGANIZATION-9DIVIDUALS & IS CAPABLE ( *ANG+ OR REGULAT+ !M4 ,IT CAN EV5 REALIZE ITSELF 9 ! ABSOLUTE SACRIFICE1 ! CONSCI\S NEGATION ( ITSELF -- DEA? -- :5 ?IS SEEMS NECESS>Y 9 ORD] TO OV]TURN ! EXPLOIT]-EXPLOIT$ RELATION%IP ?AT R5D]S ! ORGANIZATION-9DIVIDUAL 9COMPLETE & UNHAPPY4 

,SUPREME EGOISM1 I4E4 AUTONOMY1 IS ! ORGANIZATIONAL P]FECTIONM5T ( ! 9DIVIDUAL1 A PRECISE RELATION%IP ?AT DOES NOT 9FR+E UPON O!R ORGANIZATION-9DIVIDUALS4 

,A PROP] EXPOSITION ( ?IS PROBLEM IS EXTREMELY IMPORTANT = AN>*ISM4 ,IT LEADS TO A CLE>] VISION ( ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ EXPLOITATION1 EV5 :5 ?IS COMES AB\T 9 SITUATIONS ?AT >E CONFUS+ OR 9 NOT QUITE OR?ODOX ORGANIZATIONAL =MS4 ,:5 IT COMES TO DEF5SE IT %\LD BE SAID ?AT AN>*I/ /RUCTURES (T5 CONDEMN ANY =M ( /RUGGLE ?AT IS PRODUC$ 9DEP5D5TLY ( !MSELVES1 CONSID]+ !M TO BE 9DIVIDUALI/ 9 ! NEGATIVE S5SE ( ! WORD & BR&+ !M 0OBJECTIVELY PROVOCATORY04 

,= 9DIVIDUALISM1 ! ESS5TIAL PO9T IS ?AT ! 9DIVIDUAL IS AN AUTONOM\S ORGANIZATION ?AT USUALLY REACTS AGA9/ :AT HAS BE5 E/ABLI%$ BY P[]1 (T5 BY WORK+ \T ITS [N PRECEPTS1 CL>IFY+ ITSELF & TAK+ ! 9ITIATIVE4 ,AT ?AT MOM5T A PRECISE MORAL EV5T SETS 9 MOTION3 ! 9DIVIDUAL1 NO LONG] AN UNCONSCI\S 9/RUM5T 9 ! H&S ( P[]1 ACQUIRES AN AUTONOM\S P]SPECTIVE ?AT IS ( AN ESS5TIALLY ORGANIZATIONAL *>ACT]4 

,! O!R ASPECT ( ! ORGANIZATIONAL MOM5T WE HAVE DEF9$ 0ATTACK0 IS ITS PREP>ATION AS ! DE/RUCTIVE 9/RUM5T TO ACT UPON ! REALITY ( EXPLOITATION1 & AS A MODEL TO BUILD FROM ONCE ?IS RELATION%IP IS ABOLI%$4 

,OBJECTIVE CONDITIONS PU% ! GREAT MASS ( EXPLOIT$ TO LOOK = !SE ORGANIZATIONAL MODELS1 :I* >E IMP$$ BY ! P[] ( ! ADV]S>Y4 ,IF ! HEAVY P[] /RUCTURE />TS TO %[ SIGNS ( WEAKNESS AT SOME PO9T1 NE$S & PROBLEMS MU/ BE FAC$ DIFF]5TLY4 ,USUALLY1 9 BUILD+ =MS ( ATTACK1 ! MASS ALSO BUILD =MS TO SOLVE ! PROBLEMS ( SURVIVAL4 ,! LATT] >E V]Y SIGNIFICANT BECAUSE !Y >E BAS$ ON COMMUNI/ RELATIONS4 

,! ILLUSION ( QUANTITY 

,! MA9 ELEM5T ( ! ORGANIZATIONAL /RUCTUR+ ( DEF5SE IS QUANTITATIVE GR[?4 ,?IS HAS BE5 CONDITION$ BY ! LOGIC ( P[]4 

,! GREAT] ! NUMB]S1 ! MORE AN ORGANIZATION IS CONSID]$ TO BE SIGNIFICANT1 /RONG1 WELL KN[N1 IMPORTANT4 ,9 ?IS S5SE1 IF ! P[] /RUCTURE IS ! /RONG] ORGANIZATION1 IF IT IS AT ITS PEAK & COV]S EV]Y MANIFE/ATION ( ASSOCIAT$ LIFE1 ANY ORGANIZATION ?AT 9T5DS TO CONTRA/ IT & REPRES5T ! RI<TS ( ! GREAT MAJORITY ( EXPLOIT$ MU/ AIM TO BE AS /RONG AS POSSIBLE4 

,AT FIR/ GLANCE SU* /ATEM5TS SEEM QUITE UNEXCEPTIONAL4 ,& SO !Y >E IF ONE PUTS ONESELF 9 ! LOGIC ( P[]4 ,IF WE WANT TO DEF5D \RSELVES FROM AN EVIL =CE WE NE$ TO OPPOSE IT ) A GOOD =CE I4E41 ONE ?AT IS1 IF NOT EQUALLY /RONG1 AT LEA/ /RONG 5\< TO SC>E IT4 ,BUT 9 ?IS WAY ONE IS PUTT+ ONESELF 9 ! LOGIC ( P[]1 UNAW>E ?AT ANY SIGNIFICANT GR[? 9 NUMB]S SIMPLY %IFTS ! CLASS RELATION%IP )\T ACTUALLY PUTT+ ! LATT] 9 QUE/ION4 ,IT DOES NOT ABOLI% CLASSES4 

,BY *ANNEL+ REVOLUTION>Y & RE=MI/ ORGANIZATIONS T[>DS ! QUANTITATIVE ILLUSION1 P[] HAS OBTA9$ ONE GREAT RESULT4 ,IT HAS EQUALIZ$ ! LATT] AT ! ORGANIZATIONAL LEVEL1 R$UC+ DIFF]5CES TO :OEV] %\TS L\DE/4 ,& WE WELL KN[ H[ HE ?AT %\TS L\DE/ IS (T5 ! ONE MO/ EASILY DISPOS$ TO /OPP+ %\T+ ALL ( A SUDD51 OR TO />T %\T+ = ! OPPOSITE SIDE4 

,REVOLUTION>Y ORGANIZATIONS CANNOT GR[ QUANTITATIVELY4 ,IF !Y DO1 ?AT BE+ 9 ! LOGIC ( P[]1 ! DIFF]5CE BETWE5 REVOLUTION>IES & RE=MI/S BECOMES NO MORE ?AN A QUE/ION ( SEMANTICS1 SOME?+ ?AT P[] DOES NOT FE>4 

,( C\RSE1 QUANTITY DOES NOT CAT* ! RE=MI/S UNAW>E4 ,BETRAYAL IS IMPLICIT 9 !IR DISC\RSE & SO IS !IR 9S]TION 9TO RELATIONS ?AT >E MANAG$ BY P[]4 ,N[ DOM9AT$ BY ! /RUCTURES ( EXPLOITATION1 !Y ACT \T ! ROLE ASSIGN$ TO !M 9 ! MOD]N LIB]AL-SOCIAL SETUP4 

,ON ! O!R H&1 EV5 REVOLUTION>IES 9 GOOD FAI? FALL PREY TO ! QUANTITATIVE ILLUSION4 ,?AT IS ! PO9T ?AT 9T]E/S US MO/1 :I* WE WANT TO GO 9TO H]E4 

,A REVOLUTION>Y COMRADE MU/ BE CONSID]$ TO BE 9 GOOD FAI? UNTIL PROV$ O!RWISE4 ,QUE/IONS ( CL>IFICATION & CRITICISM MU/ NEV] BE AT A P]SONAL LEVEL BUT MU/ FOCUS ON ! COMRADE'S *OICES & ! CONSEQU5CES ?AT !Y HAVE ON ! :OLE ORGANIZATION4 ,9 ?IS S5SE ! COMRADE'S GOOD FAI? MU/ BE PUT TO ! TE/ ?R\< A DECISIVE ACTION ?AT GETS TO ! ROOT ( ?+S & DOES NOT /OP AT APPE>ANCES1 9 O!R WORDS ?R\< A P5ETRAT+ ACTION ?AT IS NOT LIMIT$ TO ! FIELD ( AB/RACT REVOLUTION>Y IDEOLOGY4 

,! QUANTITATIVE ILLUSION IS V]Y IMPORTANT = AU?ORIT>IAN COMRADES1 BUT ALWAYS )9 C]TA9 LIMITS4 ,!Y REALIZE ?AT !Y >E />T+ (F ON ! WRONG FOOT & ?AT IT IS NOT POSSIBLE TO GO BEYOND SOME?+ ?AT W\LD M]ELY LIKE TO BECOME P>T ( REAL SITUATIONS ( /RUGGLE4 ,UN=TUNATELY1 !Y (T5 PREF] TO WAIT = ?AT TO COME AB\T 7I4E4 BE FACILITAT$7 BY ! PRECIPITATION ( EV5TS4 ,!Y PROCE$ TO BUILD /RONG ORGANIZATIONS ?AT >E REVOLUTION>Y 9 APPE>ANCE ALONE1 BE+ 9 FACT ORGANIZATIONS ( DEF5SE1 !RE=E LOS]S BE=E !Y />T4 ,NUM]ICAL GR[? 9 ! LATT] LEADS COMRADES TO FO/] ?IS ILLUSION4 ,IT MAKES !M FEEL /RONG & SECURE4 ,SO !Y GR[ /EADFA/LY 9 ?AT DIRECTION1 :I* IS PRECISELY :AT P[] WANTS3 ! ACCEPTANCE ( AN 9NOCU\S EXPRESSION ( REVOLUTION AS SOME?+ ?AT IS QUANTITATIVE & NO?+ ELSE1 SO IT IS EASILY PULL$ BACK 9TO ! LOGIC ( ! P[] SY/EM4 

,! ILLUSION ( QUANTITY IS ABSOLUTELY CRITICAL = AN>*I/ ORGANIZATIONS1 :I* CANNOT BECOME USELESS1 /]ILE & C\NT]PRODUCTIVE1 !IR GR[? SIMPLY QUANTITATIVE4 ,NOR W\LD IT BE PLAUSIBLE = !M TO SIMPLY WAIT = EV5TS TO PRECIPITATE4 ,AN>*I/S W\LD NOT BE ABLE TO ACT 9 SOME?+ ?AT IS /RUCTUR$ AS A DEF5SE ORGANIZATION1 AS !Y W\LD NOT BE WILL+ TO TRANS=M IT 9TO A PYRAMIDAL /RUCTURE4 ,AT A RADICAL PO9T 9 ! /RUGGLE :5 EV5TS PRECIPITATE1 !Y W\LD BE =C$ TO PUT !IR ORGANIZATION TO ! TE/1 DISMEMB] IT & TAKE IT BACK TO ! ELEM5T>Y =M ?AT IT %\LD HAVE HAD AT ! />T4 ,MU* ( ! HI/ORY ( AN>*ISM CAN BE SE5 FROM ?IS OPTIC3 ! FAILURE ( ! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION1 ! AU?ORIT>IAN 9VOLUTION ( ! ,SPANI% ONE4 

,MANY AN>*I/S >E N[ PLAY+ ! P>T ( ,P5ELOPE1 WEAV+ :AT !Y KN[ !Y WILL HAVE TO UN/IT*1 PRECISELY AT ! MOM5T :5 ! AIMS !Y >E /RUGGL+ = COME AB\T4 ,AP>T FROM A FEW M>G9AL EF=TS1 ! PRES5T ORGANIZATIONAL =MS ( ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T >E NO DIFF]5T FROM ANY O!R ORGANIZATION ?AT IS F> FROM ! REALITY ( ! /RUGGLE4 ,!SE ORGANIZATIONS MU/ ACCEPT ! QUANTITATIVE LOGIC IF !Y DO NOT WANT TO SEEM ANA*RONI/IC 7OR ELITI/71 EV5 ?\< !Y KN[ ?AT SU* A LOGIC 9EVITABLY LEADS TO !IR D5Y+ ! BASIC PR9CIPLES ( AN>*ISM1 OR TO ! COMPLETE UNDO+ ( :AT !Y HAVE JU/ BUILT4 

,IF ONE HOLDS ON TO ! ILLUSION ( QUANTITY1 ! ROLE ( ! VANGU>D MU/ UNAVOIDABLY BE ACCEPT$4 ,AU?ORIT>IANS HAVE NO?+ AGA9/ ?IS4 ,AN>*I/S1 ON ! O!R H&1 HAVE A GREAT DEAL AGA9/ IT4 ,UN=TUNATELY1 ?IS BE+ 'AGA9/' ! VANGU>D (T5 TURNS 9TO A /]ILE DEBATE1 ! >GUM5T (T5 TURN+ TO ! DIFF]5CE BETWE5 AU?ORIT>IAN /RUCTURES & LIB]T>IAN ONES4 ,?IS PO9T DES]VES TO BE GONE 9TO FUR!R4 

,AU?ORIT>IAN GR\P & LIB]T>IAN ONE 

,AT ?IS PO9T WE WANT TO GO 9TO ! CONCEPT ( ! GR\P4 ,UP UNTIL N[ WE HAVE BE5 SPEAK+ AB\T ORGANIZATION1 COMP>+ V>I\S ORGANIZATIONS ?AT >E OBJECTIVELY DIFF]5T BUT :I* ALL BORR[ ! LOGIC ( DEF5SE1 !RE=E ( P[]4 ,!SE ORGANIZATIONS >E DIFF]5T 9 MANY ASPECTS BUT %>E ONE FUNDAM5TAL ONE1 !IR CAPACITY TO BE US$ BY P[]4 ,ORGANIZATIONS = ECONOMIC DEF5SE1 POLITICAL DEF5SE1 RE=MI/ ORGANIZATIONS & REVOLUTION>Y ORGANIZATIONS >E ALL ! SAME -- WORDS >E MEAN+LESS -- IF !Y OP]ATE 9 =MS ?AT >E \TSIDE ! /RUGGLE4 

,H[EV]1 )9 ?AT UNI=MITY !RE IS A DIFF]5CE BETWE5 A /RUCTURE BY GR\PS & A /RUCTURE BY SECTIONS OR O!R SYNONYMS ?AT USUALLY *>ACT]IZE UNIONS & P>TIES4 ,IF WE LOOK CLOSELY WE CAN F9D A SEMBLANCE ( REALITY1 /ILL EXT]NAL TO ! REALITY ( ! /RUGGLE BUT :I* CLAIMS TO MAKE A DIFF]5CE4 ,! /RUCTURE MADE UP ( GR\PS CONSID]S ITSELF TO BE LIB]T>IAN & ACCUSES ! O!R ( BE+ AU?ORIT>IAN4 

,BASICALLY1 IT IS EASY TO MAKE ?IS ACCUSATION AS IT IS WELCOM$ BY ?OSE RESPONSIBLE = ! AU?ORIT>IAN P>TIES & ORGANIZATIONS !MSELVES4 ,9 FACT1 C5TRAL COMMITTEES1 HI]>*IES & O!R SIMIL> DEVICES >E NOT CONCEAL$ BUT >E JU/IFI$ BY A S]IES ( DISC\RSES ON ! NE$ = ! LEAD]1 REPRES5TATION1 A TRANSITIONAL P]IOD & O!R FANTASIES ?AT >E NOT WOR? M5TION+ H]E BECAUSE !Y >E AS OLD AS ! HILLS4 

,ON ! O!R H&1 A /RUCTURE BY GR\PS IS SE5 AS ! BASIS ( EV]Y LIB]T>IAN ORGANIZATION4 ,?IS IS CORRECT1 BUT WE NE$ TO KN[ :AT K9D ( GR\PS WE >E TALK+ AB\T4 ,NO?+ PREV5TS AU?ORIT>IAN ORGANIZATIONS FROM BE+ BAS$ ON GR\PS1 OR ! EXI/5CE ( ACTUAL AU?ORIT>IAN GR\PS4 ,9 FACT ! LIB]T>IAN /RUCTURE %\LD NOT BE CONSID]$ A TYPICAL GR\P /RUCTURE BUT RA!R ONE ?AT IS *>ACT]IZ$ FROM )9 & DI/+UI%ES ITSELF FROM ! O!R K9DS4 

,! AU?ORIT>IAN GR\P HAS A LEAD] & A HI]>*ICAL MICRO/RUCTURE4 ,! LEAD] MAKES ! MO/ IMPORTANT DECISIONS )\T CONSULT+ ! GR\P MEMB]S1 & MAKES !M ONE AT A TIME 9 SU* A WAY ?AT ! O!RS NEV] KN[ :AT ! NEXT DECISION WILL BE4 ,?IS SITUATION ( UNC]TA9TY IS :AT MAKES IT POSSIBLE = ! LEAD]'S AU?ORITY TO BECOME P]MAN5T1 & FROM TIME TO TIME ! LATT] IS CALL$ UPON TO SET \T TASKS = ALL ! O!RS4 ,NO?+ PREV5TS VANGU>DI/ ORGANIZATIONS FROM /RUCTUR+ !MSELVES ?IS WAY4 ,MOREOV]1 ?IS IS (T5 QUITE A NORMAL /ATE ( AFFAIRS 9 SITUATIONS ( CL&E/9ITY4 

,! LIB]T>IAN GR\P DOES NOT HAVE A LEAD] & DOES NOT HAVE AN 9T]NAL HI]>*ICAL /RUCTURE4 ,! DI/RIBUTION ( TASKS IS DECID$ UPON COLLECTIVELY4 ,! L9E ( BEHAVIOR IS DECID$ BY ALL ( ! COMPON5TS ( ! GR\P & MEMB]S CAN *OOSE TO C>RY \T ONE TASK RA!R ?AN ANO!R1 ALWAYS ) COMMON AGREEM5T4 ,! /ATE ( UNC]TA9TY ?AT EXI/S 9 ! FACE ( A NEW EV5T DOES NOT P>ALYZE OR TRAUMATIZE ANYONE & DOES NOT REQUIRE ! 9T]V5TION ( A 0SPECIALI/01 9 ?AT EA* 9DIVIDUAL IS ALREADY AW>E ( ! SITUATION & IS PREP>$ TO FACE IT ALONG ) ALL ! O!RS4 

,IF WE >E ASSUM+ ?AT ONLY AU?ORIT>IAN GR\PS CAN CON/ITUTE A VANGU>D1 WE MU/ LOOK AT ! CONDITIONS ?AT W\LD PREV5T A LIB]T>IAN GR\P FROM PRODUC+ ONE4 

,JU/ BECAUSE ! LIB]T>IAN GR\P DOES NOT HAVE A LEAD] DOES NOT MEAN ?AT IT IS NOT CAPABLE ( PRODUC+ A VANGU>D4 ,9 ITSELF ?IS SIMPLE FACT IS NOT AL>M+1 IT BECOMES S]I\S :5 ! GR\P IS OP]AT+ 9 A SITUATION \TSIDE ! /RUGGLE4 ,LET US SEE :Y4 

,ABOVE ALL1 LET US SEE H[ LEAD]S DO EM]GE )9 SU* GR\PS4 ,WE HAVE SAID ?AT DECISIONS >E WORK$ \T AS OP5LY AS POSSIBLE4 ,EV]YBODY P>TICIPATES4 ,BUT NOT EV]YBODY HAS ! SAME LEVEL ( PREP>ATION4 ,IT !RE=E TRANSPIRES ?AT DISCUSSIONS MOVE 9 ! DIRECTION ( ONE OR MORE P>TICUL> PO9TS ?AT CORRESPOND TO ! IDEAS ( ?OSE :O >E BETT] PREP>$4 ,9 O!R WORDS1 ! COMPON5TS ( ! GR\P />T TO DIVIDE1 NOT ON ! BASIS ( !IR [N IDEAS1 :I* CAN (T5 BE QUITE VAGUE OR SUP]FICIAL1 BUT ON ! BASIS ( SOME 9T]PRETATIVE L9ES SUPPLI$ BY ! BETT] PREP>$ ELEM5TS4 ,!N !RE IS A PASSAGE FROM POL>IZATION TO CONC5TRATION1 USUALLY BECAUSE ! !SES ( ! LEAD]S 7BY N[ ID5TIFIABLE7 REA* SOME AGREEM5T1 I4E4 DIV]G5CES >E BLUNT$ 9 ORD] TO REA* UNANIMITY4 ,9 EXTREME CASES1 :]E A CONC5TRATION ( OP9ION IS NOT POSSIBLE1 A FRACTURE & CONSEQU5T SEP>ATION RESULTS4 

,! PROBLEM ( ! =MATION ( A MAJORITY & M9ORITY1 OR ! LIB]T>IAN EQUIVAL5T ( ! SAME1 IS NOT RELEVANT H]E4 ,:AT CONC]NS US IS ?AT ! POL>IZATION ( OP9IONS COMES AB\T ON ! BASIS ( 9T]PRETATIVE L9ES ?AT >E SUPPLI$ BY SOME ELEM5TS 7A M9ORITY )9 ! GR\P7 CON/ITUT$ BY ! LEAD]S4 ,IT %\LD BE ADD$ ?AT !SE ELEM5TS >E USUALLY ! ONES ?AT FREQU5T ! GR\P MO/ ASSIDU\SLY1 P>TICIPATE 9 ALL ! WORK1 5GAGE !MSELVES TOTALLY4 ,?AT (T5 CO9CIDES ) A C]TA9 LEVEL ( FRE$OM FROM O!R K9DS ( WORK ?AT >E NECESS>Y 9 ORD] TO LIVE4 ,)\T REF]R+ TO ! EXTREME CASE ( REVOLUTION>Y PR(ESSIONALISM1 WE C\LD SAY ?AT ! LEAD]S ( LIB]T>IAN GR\PS >E USUALLY COMRADES ) A C]TA9 AM\NT ( TIME AT !IR DISPOSAL1 :I* !Y D$ICATE TO ! LIFE ( ! GR\P4 ,! GR\P UNAVOIDABLY TAKES ON !IR PHYSIOGNOMY1 !IR CULTURAL & SOCIAL *>ACT]I/ICS ?AT 9VOLUNT>ILY BUT CONSI/5TLY SELECT !MSELVES4 

,! O!R GREAT PROBLEM IS ?AT1 ALONGSIDE ! EXI/5CE ( LEAD]S1 IT IS (T5 POSSIBLE TO ID5TIFY ! EXI/5CE ( 0PROBLEMATICS0 ?AT >E 9TRODUC$ TO ! GR\P BY ! SAME1 !N SUBMITT$ TO ! PROCESS ( DEMOCRATIC SCRUT9Y = DISCUSSION1 ETC4 ,9 ?IS WAY ! *OICE ( ME?ODS ( /RUGGLE1 ! !ORETICAL F\NDATIONS & V>I\S POLITICAL POSITIONS >E DEALT ) \TSIDE ! GR\P !N1 ) A TYPICALLY PAT]NALI/IC PROCESS1 EV]Y?+ IS !N DISCUSS$ ) ALL ! COMRADES4 ,! GR\P ?US BECOMES AN OBJECTIVE1 AB/RACT 5TITY = ! 9DIVIDUALS ?AT MAKE IT UP1 AS ITS RELATIONS ONLY 5T] ! REALITY ( SOME ( !M4 ,A =MAL DIFF]5CE 9 ! /YLE ( COMM& )9 ! GR\P TURNS \T TO BE EV5 MORE CONDITION$ ?AN ! AU?ORIT>IAN ONE4 ,9 O!R WORDS WE >E FAC$ ) AN ESS5TIALLY AU?ORIT>IAN /RUCTURE ?AT IS F> MORE EFFICI5T ?AN ! AU?ORIT>IAN GR\P ITSELF4 ,! LATT] ALWAYS HAS ! PROBLEM ( H[ TO OV]COME 9DIVIDUAL UNC]TA9TY 9 ! CASE ( HAV+ TO ACT 9 ! LEAD]'S ABS5CE4 ,! LIB]T>IAN GR\P1 ON ! O!R H&1 REA*ES AN 5VI\S HOMOG5EITY ( DECISION BY ACT+ AS WE HAVE JU/ SE51 AL?\< !RE IS LITTLE TO BE 5VI$ AT ! SUBJECTIVE LEVEL4 

,! WOR/ QUE/ION !Y HAVE TO FACE IS H[ TO PILOT PROBLEMS 9/EAD ( CONFRONT+ ! GR\P ) !M DIRECTLY4 ,N[1 SU* A SITUATION IS IMPOSSIBLE IF ! GR\P IS ACT+ DIRECTLY )9 ! /RUGGLE :51 AS WE %ALL SEE FUR!R ON1 A :OLE S]IES ( O!R PROBLEMATICS >ISE4 ,SO1 GIV5 ?AT ! GR\P IS ACT+ 9 AN EXT]NAL ORGANIZATION1 TI$ AS WE HAVE SAID TO ! ILLUSORY P]SPECTIVE ( QUANTITY1 IT BECOMES 9DISP5SABLE = SOMEONE )9 ! GR\P TO C>RY \T ! FUNDAM5TAL TASKS4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 9 ! CASE :]E ! GR\P IS ACT+ )9 /RUGGLES1 ! FUNCTION ( ! LEAD] IS QUITE SIMPLY ?AT ( ORI5TATION ON ! GR\NDS ( HIS WID] PREP>ATION & AVAILABILITY ( TIME1 NOT ?AT ( *OOS+ ! PROBLEMS TO BE DISCUSS$4 

,?IS DI/9CTION IS ( ! GREATE/ IMPORTANCE4 ,IT M>KS ! WAT]%$ BETWE5 ! FICTITI\S MOVEM5T & ! REAL MOVEM5T4 

,! RELATION%IP BETWE5 GR\PS3 ! V]TICAL /RUCTURE & ! HORIZONTAL ONE 

,A GR\P1 9 ?AT IT IS AN ELEM5TAL /RUCTURE ( A WID] ORGANIZATIONAL REALITY1 W\LD BE 9SIGNIFICANT IF IT W]E TO REMA9 ISOLAT$ FROM O!R GR\PS4 ,IT W\LD CONTA9 ALL ! DEFECTS ( AN EXT]NAL ORGANIZATION )\T MANAG+ TO HAVE ANY EFFECT ON A WID] RANGE ( OP9ION4 

,IF ! GR\P CONSOLIDATES ON ! BASIS ( AFF9ITY EM]G+ FROM ! IDEAS & OP9IONS ( SOME ( ! LEAD]S1 AS WELL AS ITS GEOGRAPHICAL SITUATION1 :I* ALSO EX]TS AN 9FLU5CE1 ?AT DOES NOT MEAN ?AT IT CANNOT DEVELOP A WID] ORGANIZATIONAL BASE4 ,IT CAN E/ABLI% RELATIONS ) O!R GR\PS -- ?OSE NOT TOO F> FROM ITS [N POSITIONS -- BAS$ ON SOME ( ! !SES PUT =W>D BY ! LEAD]S4 

,!SE RELATIONS CAN COME AB\T V]TICALLY 9 ! CASE ( AU?ORIT>IAN GR\PS1 OR HORIZONTALLY 9 ! CASE ( LIB]T>IAN ONES4 ,IT IS ! HORIZONTAL /RUCTURE ?AT WE >E 9T]E/$ 9 LOOK+ AT H]E1 AS ?IS IS *>ACT]I/IC ( AN>*I/ GR\PS4 

,V>I\S GR\PS F$]ATE OR KEEP 9 CONTACT 9 ONE WAY OR ANO!R1 SUPPORT+ EA* O!R 9 ! M9IMUM COMMON 9T5TION ?AT CAN BE DRAWN FROM A FEW BASIC PR9CIPLES & !ORETICAL PO9TS WORK$ \T 9 ADVANCE4 ,EV5 A LOOSE AGREEM5T CONC]N+ !SE IDEAS & PR9CIPLES IS SUFFICI5T TO GU>ANTEE ! P]SI/5CE ( ! HORIZONTAL /RUCTURE4 ,NO ONE GR\P PR$OM9ATES OV] ANY O!R1 NO GR\P CLAIMS TO C>RY \T ! FUNCTION ( LEAD]1 & NO GR\P MAKES A DECISION CONC]N+ ! O!RS )\T GETT+ 9 T\* ) ! RE/ ( ! F$]ATION OR 9=MAL UNION1 :O !N /ATE :AT !Y WANT4 ,!Y CAN ALSO USE COMMON 9/RUM5TS SU* AS PAP]S OR COMMISSIONS4 ,!SE >E $IT$ OR COMPIL$ BY V>I\S GR\PS1 OR BY ONE S+LE GR\P1 FOLL[+ A DISCUSSION AMONG DELEGATES1 US+ V>I\S PROC$URES 7RATIFICATION ( ! GR\P1 RECALL ( DELEGATES1 ETC47 9 ORD] TO TRY TO GU>ANTEE ! /RUCTURE AS F> AS POSSIBLE1 KEEP+ IT HORIZONTAL4 

,?+S >E NOT QUITE LIKE ?AT 9 REALITY4 ,9EVITABLE PROCESSES FAVOR ! =MATION ( A GR\P ( LEAD]S ?AT TAKE OV] ! F$]ATION OR UNION ( GR\PS1 PU%+ !M T[>DS ! BASIC 9T]PRETATION ( ! UND]LY+ !SIS :I*1 ACCORD+ TO !M1 IS ! ONLY ONE ?AT IS VALID = ALL ! COMRADES4 ,?IS IS NOT REA*$ DIRECTLY4 ,AS WE HAVE SE51 EA* GR\P PRODUCES ITS LEAD]S1 USUALLY ONE OR TWO1 MAXIMUM ?REE4 ,V]Y (T5 !IR PREP>ATION & AVAILABILITY >E GREAT] ?AN ?AT ( ! O!RS4 ,9 ?IS WAY A TRUE LEAD] EM]GES4 ,WE KN[ H[ ! RETRIEVAL ( OP9ION WORKS1 ! PROCESS ( DECISION-MAK+ )9 GR\PS4 ,! PH5OM5ON ( POL>IZATION IS OV]COME1 (T5 9 ORD] TO TRY TO GIVE ! GR\P UNI=MITY & COHESION BUT :5 TAK5 TO A WID] LEVEL 7GEOGRAPHICALLY71 !SE PH5OM5A DO NOT FAIL TO REAPPE>4 

,IT CAN BE 9/RUCTIVE TO READ ACC\NTS ( DEBATES OR REPORTS WRITT5 BY DELEGATES FROM 9DIVIDUAL GR\PS TO SEE :AT WE >E TALK+ AB\T4 ,! POL>IZATION ( IDEAS IS QUITE EVID5T4 ,USUALLY ONLY ! LEAD]S >E PRES5T AT WID] MEET+S1 EA* ONE ( :OM IS MORE 09SIDE0 ! PROBLEMS ( !IR [N P>TICUL> GR\P4 ,MORE (T5 ?AN NOT IT IS !Y :O HAVE WORK$ \T ! IDEAS ?AT ! GR\P HAS 5D$ UP ATTRIBUT+ TO ITSELF4 ,H5CE A GREAT DIV]G5CE ON :ATEV] PROBLEM IS BE+ FAC$1 ) A /RONG POSSIBILITY ( NEV] REA*+ ANY PRECISE CONCLUSIONS4 

,USUALLY A BROAD PROGRAM IS E/ABLI%$1 BE IT OLD OR NEW1 ) PROPOSITIONS ?AT >E G5]AL 5\< = EV]YONE TO AGREE )4 ,C>E IS TAK5 TO LIMIT ! PROGRAM TO G5]AL PR9CIPLES1 O!RWISE ! 9T]NAL CONTRADICTIONS REPRES5T$ BY ! V>I\S 9T]PRETATIONS W\LD BE IRRECONCILABLE4 

,EV5 IF ! /RUCTURE REMA9S HORIZONTAL1 IF ! REVOCABLE DELEGATE TRIES TO AVOID ANY =M ( PR(ESSIONALISM1 IF ! DEBATE )9 ! /RUCTURE IS ALWAYS ALIVE -- 9 FACT1 ! FUR!R IT F9DS ITSELF FROM ! V>I\S PO9TS ( /RUGGLE ! MORE VIRUL5T IT GETS -- ?AT DOES NOT MEAN ?AT SPONTANE\S =MATIONS ACT+ ALONG ! L9ES ( A VANGU>D DO NOT APPE>4 

,SO N[ WE HAVE A S]IES ( GR\PS ?AT ORGANIZE 9 A /RUCTURE ?AT IS \TSIDE ! /RUGGLE4 ,BY ?IS FACT ALONE !Y SEE !MSELVES AS ! CONSCI\S VANGU>D ( SOME?+ ?AT IS CONSID]$ TO BE UNCONSCI\SNESS1 !RE=E 9 NE$ ( BE+ APPROA*$ & RECEIV+ CL>IFICATION4 ,PROPAG&A & PROSELYTISM >E IMPORTANT = ?IS 5LI<T5$ K9D ( VANGU>D4 ,)9 ! LATT]1 ?R\< AN 9EVITABLE PROCESS ( SELECTION1 AN EV5 MORE RE/RICT$ VANGU>D IS =M$1 A GR\P ( LEAD]S ?AT ACT />T+ FROM C]TA9 DECISIONS CONC]N+ BASIC IDEAS & ! 9T]PRETATION ( 9DIVIDUAL PROBLEMS ?AT DO NOT ALWAYS COME FROM A WID] BASE BUT >E (T5 ELABORAT$ 9 SPECIFIC PLACES1 I4E4 AT MEET+S ( ! RE/RICT$ VANGU>D4 

,ONE ?US BECOMES AW>E ( ! EXTREME APEX ( AN ORGANIZ$ :OLE1 ?AT TAKES ON ! TASK ( PILOT+ AN 9/RUM5T = ACT+ ON ! MASS 9 ONE WAY OR ANO!R4 

,AS F> AS ! ORGANIZ$ /RUCTURE AS A :OLE IS CONC]N$1 ITS R$UCTION TO A VANGU>D COMES AB\T BECAUSE IT IS DETA*$ FROM ! REAL /RUGGLE & BECAUSE IT IS SE5 AS AN 9/RUM5T BY ! LEAD]S :O WANT TO USE IT AS SU*4 

,AT FIR/ GLANCE IT W\LD SEEM ?AT SU* ?+S REG>D AU?ORIT>IAN /RUCTURES RA!R ?AN LIB]T>IAN ONES1 BECAUSE1 AS WE SAID !Y GO AGA9/ ! LATT]'S AIMS & 9T5TIONS4 ,EA* & EV]Y MILITANT ?AT 5T]S A LIB]T>IAN GR\P IS MAK+ A *OICE1 NOT JU/ ON ! BASIS ( AN AB/RACT PROGRAM BUT ALSO BECAUSE HE OR %E WANTS TO LIVE DIFF]5TLY1 ) A WAY ( WORK+ TOGE!R ?AT IS FREE FROM ?AT ABSURD SITUATION ( AU?ORIT>IAN GR\PS :]E ONLY ! LEAD] OR LEAD]S KN[ :AT IS TO BE DONE & EV]YONE ELSE WAITS TO TAKE ORD]S4 ,:5 IT ACTUALLY COMES TO IT1 REALITY TAKES *>GE ( *ANG+ OP9IONS ONE WAY OR ANO!R4 

,AU?ORIT>IAN GR\PS >E F9D+ IT MORE & MORE DIFFICULT TO HOLD ON TO ! CLASSIC C5TRALIZ$ /RUCTURE4 ,LEAD]S >E CONC$+ A C]TA9 FRE$OM ( ACTION TO !IR SUBALT]NS1 EV5 IF PROCESSES ( REIFICATION1 I4E4 ! TRANS=MATION ( ! ORGANIZATIONAL APP>ATUS 9TO A 0?+0 >E ALWAYS 9 ACT1 CONSID]ABLY 9FLU5C+ ! BEHAVIOR ( ! 9DIVIDUAL MILITANTS4 

,9 LIB]T>IAN GR\PS1 AS WE HAVE SE51 ! IDYLLIC SITUATION ( MAXIMUM FRE$OM ( EXPRESSION IS IMP$$ BY ! LACK ( PREP>ATION & SC>CE AVAILABILITY ( MO/ ( ! MEMB]S4 ,= ?IS REASON A C]TA9 DECISION-MAK+ P[] 5DS UP 9 ! H&S ( A FEW LEAD]S4 

,?IS SITUATION IS ! SAME AS ! =M] 9 APPE>ANCE ALONE4 ,9 REALITY WE >E LOOK+ AT TWO V]Y DIFF]5T =MS ( DEG5]ATION ?AT LEAD TO DIFF]5T CONSEQU5CES4 ,9 ! FIR/ CASE1 I4E4 9 ! AU?ORIT>IAN /RUCTURE1 ! PROCESS ( REIFICATION IS SU* ?AT 9DIVIDUAL MILITANTS BECOME SO 9TEGRAT$ ) ! ORGANIZATION ?AT IT BECOMES 9CONCEIVABLE = !M TO IMAG9E ?AT ! LATT] C\LD MAKE A MI/AKE4 ,H5CE !IR FAILURE TO QUE/ION ORD]S FROM ABOVE4 ,! /RUCTURE MU/ BE RI<T1 PRECISELY BECAUSE ( SOME ( ITS 9T]NAL1 QUITE IRRATIONAL1 *>ACT]I/ICS4 ,ITS REFLECTION AS AN ORGANIZ$ /RUCTURE CANNOT BE WRONG1 9 ?AT !Y LIVE ! SAME LIFE AS ! ORGANIZATION4 ,!Y P]SONIFY IT 9 A WAY1 GIV+ IT A HUMAN SEMBLANCE4 ,! P]SONALITY CULT & ALL ITS CONSEQU5CES >E A LOGICAL CONCLUSION ( ?IS DIRECTION4 

,9 ! SECOND CASE1 I4E4 9 ! HORIZONTAL1 LIB]T>IAN /RUCTURE1 ME?ODS ( DISCUSSION1 A M9IMUM ( DEC5CY & V>I\S O!R ELEM5TS CONTRIBUTE TO PREV5T+ A REIFICATION ( ! ORGANIZATION4 ,EV5 MANY ELEM5TS ( ! BASE :O HAVE NO?+ TO SAY ON C]TA9 >GUM5TS DO NOT ACCEPT ! TYPICALLY AU?ORIT>IAN PR9CIPLE ?AT ! ORGANIZATION IS ALWAYS RI<T4 ,9 ?IS CASE ! LEAD]S' AU?ORITY %\LD MORE CORRECTLY BE CALL$ AU?ORITATIV5ESS1 AL?\< ! USE ( A DIFF]5T WORD DOES NOT ALT] ! CONSEQU5CES ( ! PH5OM5ON4 

,IT %\LD BE ADD$ ?AT !RE QUITE (T5 EXI/S :AT IS KN[ AS AN ESPRIT DE CORPS4 ,MILITANTS ( A LIB]T>IAN ORGANIZATION %\LD BE FREE FROM SU* ABSURDITIES4 ,YET REALITY %[S US H[ ONE (T5 BECOMES A PRISON] ( !M4 ,! MILITANT AT ! BASE ( ! ORGANIZ$ /RUCTURE SEES ! LATT] 9 A C]TA9 WAY1 ?AT USUALLY CO9CIDES ) ! WAY ! LEAD] ?AT 9FLU5CES IT SEES IT4 ,BY SIMPLY ACCEPT+ ?IS SITUATION1 HE CANNOT SEE HIS ORGANIZATION AT ! SAME LEVEL AS O!RS DO4 ,HE SEES SOME?+ BETT] 9 IT1 SOME?+ MORE FITT+ TO ! PR9CIPLES HE VAGUELY FEELS >E CLOSE TO HIS 0TRU?01 :I* >E CODIFI$ SUCC9CTLY = ! NON-9ITIAT$4 ,! LEAD] IS EV5 CLOS] TO ID5TIFY+ ) ! ORGANIZATION4 ,HE FEELS !RE IS SOME?+ DEF9ITIVE 9 IT1 FEELS IT IS 0HIS0 TO A MU* GREAT] DEGREE ?AN ! SIMPLE MILITANT DOES4 ,:]EAS = ! LATT] ! 9T]M$I>Y ( ! LEAD] WAS NECESS>Y1 = HIM ! RELATION%IP IS DIRECT4 ,HE FEELS ! PULSATIONS DIRECTLY4 ,ALL ?IS LEADS TO HIS BE+ EXTREMELY 9DULG5T T[>DS HIS [N ORGANIZATION & EXTREMELY CRITICAL ( O!RS4 

,AN IRRATIONAL EVALUATION ( ! ORGANIZATION ONE BELONGS TO CAN LEAD TO /RANGE SITUATIONS4 ,A GREAT DEAL ( EF=T IS MADE TO EXP&1 P]FECT & =TIFY A /RUCTURE1 )\T ANALYZ+ :E!R IT CORRESPONDS TO ! NE$S ( ! /RUGGLE ?AT IT IS SUPPOS$ TO BE 9VOLV$ 94 ,ALL K9DS ( EXCUSES >E 9V5T$ TO CAM\FLAGE ! PRIORITY GIV5 TO 9T]NAL WORK COMP>$ TO ?AT BEYOND ! ORGANIZATION4 ,IT IS SAID ?AT IT IS NOT ! RI<T MOM5T TO DO ?IS OR ?AT1 :ILE IT IS ALWAYS ! TIME = ! WORK ( 9T]NAL GR[?1 9 ?AT IT IS ALWAYS ! MOM5T = WAIT+ & PREP>+ TO DEF5D ONESELF FROM ! ATTACKS ( ! EXPLOIT]S4 ,! \TSIDE IS NO LONG] SE5 AS A FIELD ( /RUGGLE1 A SPECIFIC SITUATION ?AT CAN BE ANALYZ$1 OR AS ! NECESS>Y CONDITION = PREV5T+ ABNORMAL GR[? OR /]ILE CON=MITY TO PA/ MODELS1 BUT ONLY = F9D+ NEW MILITANTS4 ,PROSELYTISM IS ! MO/ IMPORTANT P>T ( ! ORGANIZATION'S ACTIVITIES4 ,9 A FEW EXTREME CASES ! /RUGGLE1 ANY /RUGGLE :ATSOEV]1 IS NOT C>RI$ \T ON ! BASIS ( ! POSITIVE CONSEQU5CES ?AT IT MI<T DET]M9E 9 ! EXPLOIT$ MASSES1 BUT ON ! BASIS ( ! PROPAG&A ?AT IT MI<T CREATE = ! ORGANIZATION4 ,H5CE A POSITION ( /ALEMATE 9 ! RELATION ( ! /RUGGLE BETWE5 EXPLOIT] & EXPLOIT$ IS REA*$4 ,IF ! RELATION CONC]NS ! PROBLEM ( ABORTION1 = EXAMPLE1 ! LATT] IS NOT FAC$ 9 T]MS ( H[ ! PROBLEM CONC]NS ! MASS ( EXPLOIT$1 BUT ONLY 9 VIEW ( AN \TCOME 9 QUANTITATIVE T]MS1 & :AT ! NEGATIVE CONSEQU5CES ( GO+ 9 ! OPPOSITE DIRECTION W\LD BE = ! ORGANIZATION4 

,AU?ORIT>IAN BOSS & LIB]T>IAN LEAD] 

,! FIR/ SETS HIMSELF UP AS A CON/ANT PO9T ( REF]5CE4 ,HE GETS HIS AU?ORITY FROM ! POSITION HE OCCUPIES )9 ! AU?ORIT>IAN /RUCTURE1 A POSITION ?AT HAS -- USUALLY -- BE5 GA9$ ?R\< TOTAL D$ICATION TO ! ORGANIZATION ITSELF1 AS WELL AS HIS CONSID]ABLE COMPET5CE & PREP>ATION4 ,HE COMES TO BE CONSID]$ ! 9T]PRET] ( ! WILL ( ! ORGANIZATION1 !RE=E1 9DIRECTLY1 GIV5 ?AT ! LATT] IS CONSID]$ HOLD] ( ! TRU?1 HE IS CONSID]$ 9T]PRET] & HOLD] ( ! TRU?4 ,! IRRATIONAL RELATION%IP AT ! ROOT ( A MILITANT'S BELONG+ TO AN AU?ORIT>IAN /RUCTURE1 CONSOLIDATES ITSELF 9 HIS RELATION%IP ) ! DIRECT HEAD4 ,! 9DIRECT LEAD]1 ! ONE :O PLACES HIMSELF AT ! TOP ( ! PYRAMID1 !N COMES TO BE 9VE/$ ) ?OSE *>ISMATIC =MS ?AT HAVE A V]Y /RONG IRRATIONAL CONT5T4 ,BECAUSE !RE IS NO WAY TO CONTROL ! VALIDITY ( HIS WORK1 AP>T FROM ?R\< ! ACTION ( ! 9T]M$IATE LEAD]S1 ! SUPREME HEAD BECOMES MORE A SYMBOL ?AN ANY?+ ELSE1 A SYMBOL DISP5S] ( *>ISMA1 I4E4 ! TRU?4 

,H]E IT IS NECESS>Y TO PO9T \T ! GREAT DIFF]5CE ?AT !RE IS BETWE5 ?IS SITUATION & ! C\NT]REVOLUTION>Y AU?ORIT>IAN /RUCTURE4 ,?IS IS A DELICATE QUE/ION4 ,OBJECTIVELY SPEAK+ AN AU?ORIT>IAN /RUCTURE IS ALWAYS C\NT]REVOLUTION>Y1 BECAUSE IT ALWAYS TRIES TO PUT OB/ACLES 9 ! WAY ( ULTIMATE LIB]ATION4 ,BUT IT %\LD BE DI/+UI%$ FROM ! /RUCTURES DELIB]ATELY CREAT$ BY ! BOSSES TO REA* !IR AIMS4 ,9 ?IS S5SE1 LET'S SAY1 A FASCI/ ORGANIZATIONAL /RUCTURE GIVES RISE TO C]TA9 HI]>*ICAL RELATIONS ?AT >E FLI<TS FROM FRE$OM1 EA* S+LE COMPON5T GRASPS ! *>ISMA ( ! HEAD BECAUSE HE IS SC>$ ( ! FRE$OM ?AT HE C\LD F9D ELSE:]E1 BECAUSE HE HAS ?AT SPECIAL PETIT B\RGEOIS VISION ( LIFE ?AT MAKES HIM TAKE REFUGE & COM=T 9 ! FIX$ /RUCTURES ( AU?ORIT>IANISM4 ,= ! FASCI/1 ! ACCEPTATION ( ! AU?ORIT>IAN /RUCTURE IS NOT A CONCESSION1 IT IS A PO9T ( /ABILITY3 HIS 9T]IOR CONFLICT1 TYPICALLY EXI/5TIAL1 IS RESOLV$ 9 ! TOTAL & DEF9ITIVE DELEGATION1 9 ! FLI<T4 ,! O!R POSSIBILITY1 ?AT HE VAGUELY SEES1 ! POSSIBILITY ( LIV+ FREE1 SC>ES HIM BECAUSE ! S*EMA ( TRADITION1 FAMILY1 HONOR1 HOMEL&1 & O!R SU* RUBBI%1 SUFFOCATE HIM1 MAK+ HIM SEE FRE$OM AS *AOS )\T RULES1 9 :I* OLD ! OLD <O/S1 ?AT HE HAS ALWAYS RUN AWAY FROM1 EQUALITY 9 ! FIR/ PLACE1 W\LD 5D UP MULTIPLY+4 

,! AU?ORIT>IAN COMRADE IS A COMRADE :O 9T5DS TO CONSCI\SLY MAKE ! *OICE ( FRE$OM4 ,HE IS NOT AFRAID1 9 FACT ALL ( HIS ACTION IS AIM$ AT BREAK+ ) ! PA/1 ) TRADITION4 ,ACCEPTANCE ( ! AU?ORIT>IAN /RUCTURE IS ! LESS] ( TWO EVILS = ! MILITANT :O NAIVELY CONV9CES HIMSELF ?AT NO?+ LA/+ CAN BE OBTA9$ )\T SACRIFICE4 ,= ?IS REASON HE IS READY = ! EXTREME SACRIFICE1 ! SACRIFICE ( HIS [N FRE$OM4 ,H]E9 LIES ! TRAG$Y4 ,A P]SON /RUGGL+ = FRE$OM 5DS UP SACRIFIC+ ! LATT] 9 ! ILLUSION ?AT HE IS CONT9U+ TO /RUGGLE = IT4 ,EV5 ! ACCEPTANCE ( *>ISMA IS ALWAYS A M$IAT$ FACT ?AT 9VOLVES A PROCESS ( 0SNOBB]Y01 SELF-IMPORTANCE1 LITTLE MORAL BLACKMAILS ) ONESELF4 ,HE USUALLY />TS (F SEE+ ! LEAD] AS A 0COMRADE01 ACCEPT+ HIM AS ONE :O IS MORE PREP>$ & MORE AW>E4 ,HE W\LD NEV] ADMIT TO A DIRECT *>ISMATIC PROCESS4 ,!N1 AS HE IS GRADUALLY ABSORB$ 9TO ! AU?ORIT>IAN /RUCTURE HE REALIZES ?AT ANY POSSIBILITY ( CONTROL FROM ! BASE IS M9IMAL4 ,NEXT !RE IS HIS ACCUSATION ( SUP]FICIAL SNOBB]Y4 ,HE F9ALLY 5DS UP TAK+ ORD]S & SACRIFIC+ HIMSELF TO ! /RUCTURE ITSELF :I*1 AS AN 9DISSOLUBLE :OLE1 HE ID5TIFIES ) FRE$OM & TRU?4 

,N[ LET US LOOK AT ! SITUATION ( ! LIB]T>IAN LEAD]4 ,HE %\LD NOT BECOME A PO9T ( REF]5CE4 ,IF HE IS1 ?AT HAS HAPP5$ AGA9/ HIS WILL1 AS A DIRECT CONSEQU5CE ( HIS HAV+ MORE FREE TIME & DUE TO HIS GREAT] 9VOLVEM5T & PREP>ATION4 ,AS F> AS HE IS CONC]N$1 ONE C\LD SPEAK ( AU?ORITATIV5ESS RA!R ?AN AU?ORITY4 ,HE CANNOT BE ACCUS$ ( 9T]PRET+ ! WILL ( ! ORGANIZATION AS ! LATT] IS COMPOS$ ( ! WILLS ( ALL ! MEMB]S4 ,F9ALLY1 AS ! ORGANIZATION ITSELF IS NOT CONSID]$ ! DEPOSITORY ( TRU?1 ! LEAD] T[>DS :OM SOME MILITANTS TURN 9 NO WAY 9T]PRETS OR SPREADS ! TRU?4 

,9 ACTUAL FACT1 CONSID]ABLE MODIFICATIONS DO OCCUR )9 ?IS S*EMA4 ,! LEAD] DOES 5D UP BECOM+ A PO9T ( REF]5CE1 O!RWISE ! DIV]SITY ( OP9IONS )9 ! /RUCTURE W\LD BE 5ORM\S & MAKE IT ALMO/ IMPOSSIBLE TO REA* ANY DECISION4 ,?IS ORGANIZATION ALSO 5DS UP BE+ SE5 BY MILITANTS 9 A DE=M$1 IRRATIONAL WAY AS 0!IR ORGANIZATION0 DUE TO ! SIMPLE FACT ?AT !Y *OSE IT AS ! ORGANIZATION :I*1 AL?\< NOT C>RI] ( ! TRU?1 IS ALMO/ C]TA9LY ! ONE ?AT GETS CLOS] TO ?AT ?AN ANY O!R4 ,CONSEQU5TLY1 EV5 IF ! LEAD] IS NOT ! 9T]PRET] OR HOLD] ( TRU? HE CAN 9 A S5SE BE CONSID]$ SOME?+ SIMIL>1 A COMRADE TO HAVE FAI? 91 SO MU* SO AS TO ACCEPT HIS CONCLUSIONS EV5 IF ONE DOES NOT FULLY GRASP !M4 ,ALL ?IS COMES AB\T 9 ! HOPE ?AT WE TOO WILL MANAGE TO SEE CLE>LY 9 ! FUTURE 9 ORD] TO PUT ! COMRADE1 :O = ! TIME BE+ S]VES AS A PO9T ( REF]5CE1 9TO A PROP] CRITICAL DIM5SION4 ,?IS AWAIT+ BETT] MOM5TS :5 WE WILL ALL HAVE TIME1 :5 \R PREP>ATION IS MORE ACCURATE & DETAIL$1 ALSO CONCEALS R5UNCIATION & ACCOMMODATION4 ,IT CONCEALS ! ACCEPTANCE ( A SITUATION ?AT IT IS V]Y DIFFICULT TO ALT]1 :I* WE >E NOT REALLY 9T]E/$ 9 GO+ 9TO AS SU*4 

,!N !RE IS ! QUE/ION ( ! RELATION%IP BETWE5 LEAD]S4 ,ANO!R DELICATE PROBLEM4 ,IF ! CLA% BETWE5 AU?ORIT>IAN LEAD]S IS TAK5 = GRANT$ AS A RESULT ( ! RANKS ?AT >E BUILT )9 ! V]TICAL /RUCTURE1 ONE %\LD NOT BE ABLE TO SAY ! SAME ?+ AB\T LIB]T>IAN LEAD]S4 ,!Y ALSO HAVE CLA%ES ( OP9ION1 F9D !MSELVES OPPOS+ ?OSE :O DIV]GE FROM !IR [N PO9T ( VIEW1 HAVE TO OV]COME ORGANIZATIONAL OB/ACLES CAUS$ BY ! DIFF]5T T5D5CIES1 BUT ! MEANS ?AT !Y HAVE REC\RSE TO %\LD BE DIFF]5T4 

,ON ! CONTR>Y1 ONE (T5 SEES ?AT ! MEANS EMPLOY$ >E NOT SO DIFF]5T AT ALL4 ,! LIB]T>IAN LEAD] CANNOT LET PR$OM9ANCE OV] ! T5D5CY HE REPRES5TS ESCAPE HIM1 )\T RISK+ ! V]Y NEGATION ( ! T5D5CY & A DI/ORTION ( ! RELATION%IP ) ! P>T ( ! BASE ?AT HE REPRES5TS4 ,!RE MI<T BE A H9T ( A RELATION%IP ( EX*ANGE1 OR RECIPROCAL 9FLU5CE1 BETWE5 BASE & LEAD] )9 ! WID] ORGANIZ$ /RUCTURE4 ,?AT DOES NOT ALT] ! FACT ?AT ! PRECISE 9T]E/ ( ! LEAD]1 EV5 A LIB]T>IAN ONE1 EM]GES TO SEAL ?IS RELATION%IP1 PROTECT+ IT FROM ! 9FLU5CE ( O!R T5D5CIES ?AT MI<T ?REAT5 ! CL>ITY ( HIS [N POSITION4 

,H5CE ! CLA% ) O!R LEAD]S4 ,AN IDEA ( ! 9T5SITY ( ! CLA% IS GIV5 BY ! RU% = COMMISSIONS & TASKS TO BE C>RI$ \T )9 ! ORGANIZATION4 ,NO?+ *ANGES BECAUSE !SE COMMISSIONS >E UNPAID & PRODUCE A CONSID]ABLE BURD5 ( WORK & FATIGUE3 !Y >E RECOMP5S$ BY 9FLU5CE & SOLIDITY4 ,ONE C\LD SAY ?AT ! MORE WIDELY A LEAD]'S ACTIVITY IS DEVELOP$ )9 ! ORGANIZATION1 ! CLE>] & LESS ATTACKABLE HIS PO9T ( REF]5CE BECOMES4 

,ONE %\LD NOT G5]ALIZE H[EV]4 ,9 ! LIB]T>IAN ORGANIZATIONAL /RUCTURE1 ! =MATION ( MILITANTS MAKES IT POSSIBLE = !RE TO BE A CON/ANT EX*ANGE ( IDEAS 9 CIRCULATION ?AT 5DS UP EM>G9AT+ T5D5CIES ?AT BECOME CRY/ALLIZ$4 ,!N ! COMRADE OR COMRADES :O ID5TIFY ) ?AT CRY/ALLIZ$ T5D5CY1 EV5 :5 !Y KEEP 9 T\* ) C]TA9 9/RUM5TS SU* AS PAP]S1 REVIEWS1 COMMISSIONS & O!R ?+S1 /ILL 5D UP CREAT+ A VACUUM >\ND !MSELVES4 

,! LIB]T>IAN ORGANIZATION1 EV5 ! ONE F>!/ FROM ! /RUGGLE1 CANNOT FAIL TO FACE ! PROBLEM ( AIMS & ME?ODS4 ,& ! DISCUSSION ( ME?ODS 5DS UP CREAT+ RELATION%IPS )9 ! ORGANIZATION ?AT R5D] POSSIBLE A DEBATE :I*1 AL?\< /]ILE AT TIMES1 (T5 LEADS TO UNEXPECT$ RESULTS 9 O!R ORGANIZATIONS4 

,IT %\LD BE ADD$ ?AT COMRADES 9 ! LIB]T>IAN ORGANIZATION >E !RE BY !IR [N FREE *OICE4 ,G5]ALLY SPEAK+1 BELONG+ TO A LIB]T>IAN ORGANIZATION1 EV5 ?OSE ) QUITE UNCLE> P]SPECTIVES1 9VOLVES RISK1 SACRIFICE1 AW>5ESS ( !SE RISKS & SACRIFICES & A FAIRLY CLE> EVALUATION ( ! REASONS ?AT DET]M9$ SU* A *OICE4 ,AT ANY LEVEL :ATSOEV]1 AN>*I/ MILITANTS >E 9DISPUTABLY MILITANTS :O CAN MAKE DECISIONS & QUE/ION ANY D\BTS AB\T POSITIONS OR T5D5CIES ?AT >E NOT QUITE T5ABLE 7AT LEA/ 9 !IR OP9ION74 ,?IS FACT1 :I* (T5 GIVES RISE TO >GUM5TS1 5DLESS DISCUSSIONS1 SPLITS & CONFLICT BETWE5 T5D5CIES & HAS BE5 CONSID]$ ! WEAK PO9T ( AN>*ISM1 IS ACTUALLY ONE ( ITS PO9TS ( /R5G? & VITALITY4 ,OBTUSE UNI=MITY W\LD KILL ANY LIVELY T5D5CY 9 FAVOR ( ! GRAY WILL ( ! W9N+ SIDE4 

,AN ATTEMPT TO EXAM9E ! *>ACT] /RUCTURE ( ! LIB]T>IAN MILITANT 

,AN>*I/ ME?ODOLOGY VAGUELY GIVES US A MODEL ( A C]TA9 K9D ( MILITANT4 ,MORE (T5 ?AN NOT ?IS 9DICATION IS NOT GA9$ FROM ! REALITY ( 9T]V5TION 9 /RUGGLE1 BUT FROM AN IDEALIZATION ( ! LATT]4 

,MOREOV]1 IT IS POSSIBLE TO SEE ! EVOLUTION ( ?IS MODEL ?R\<\T ! HI/ORY ( ! LIB]T>IAN MOVEM5T & ! PR(\ND TRANS=MATIONS ?AT HAVE TAK5 PLACE FROM #aifh ONW>DS4 

,! DEF9ITION HAS PRECISE *>ACT]I/ICS3 A COH]5T *OICE ( MEANS = REA*+ ! AIMS ( JU/ICE1 EQUALITY & FRE$OM2 9T]V5TION 9 ! QUICK ( SOCIAL /RUGGLES2 REFUSAL TO PRIORITIZE ! ECONOMIC FACTOR 9 ! EVOLV+ ( ! EXPLOIT$_/EXPLOIT] CONFLICT2 ! ELEVATION ( A LIB]ATORY CULTURE TO OPPOSE ! B\RGEOIS CULTURE ( REPRESSION2 OPTIMISM2 FAI? 9 MAN & HIS 9NATE GIFTS2 AN A PRIORI REFUSAL ( DOCTR9ES2 USE ( ! EMPIRICAL ME?OD 0TRY & TRY AGA902 SPECIFIC SOLICITATIONS ON ! SOCIAL CONFLICT 9 ACT ) MEANS ( EV]Y K9D 79SURRECTIONAL-VIOL5T OR PACIFI/-$UCATIONAL74 

,?IS FRAMEWORK IS NOT COMPLETE BUT IT GIVES ! R\< CONT\RS ( A P]SPECTIVE ?AT CANNOT BE BR\<T AB\T 9 PRACTICE4 ,(FSPR+ ( SOCIAL CONTRADICTIONS & ! SOCIAL /RUGGLE1 AN>*I/ MILITANTS >E NOT ONLY PRODUCTS ( !IR TIME1 !Y W\LD BE 9SIGNIFICANT AUTOMATA IF !Y W]E TO BASE !IR ACTION ON AB/RACT PR9CIPLES )\T RELAT+ !M TO ! REQUIREM5TS ( !IR 9T]V5TION 9 REALITY4 

,IT %\LD NOT BE =GOTT5 ?AT ONE ( ! MO/ IMPORTANT PO9TS ( AN>*ISM IS PRECISELY ITS E?ICAL PREOCCUPATION1 & ?IS W\LD DISAPPE> IF ONE W]E TO TRY TO OBLIT]ATE ! CONTRADICTORY VITALITY ( ! 9DIVIDUAL 9 FAVOR ( AN IDEALISM DETA*$ FROM HI/ORY & ITS EV5TS4 ,IF ! /RONG PO9T ( AN>*ISM IS ITS ME?ODOLOGY1 GREAT FRE$OM ( ACTION IS POSSIBLE )9 ?AT FRAMEWORK4 ,9 FACT1 IF ONE W]E TO DICTATE ! MA9 RULES ( AN>*ISM 9 ,T5 ,COMM&M5TS1 ?R[+ \T ANYONE ?AT FAIL$ TO MANIFE/ ! 9T5TION TO FOLL[ !M SCRUPUL\SLY D[N TO ! LA/ DETAIL1 & !RE WAS AN ACC5TUATION ( 9T]NAL NORMS & ELABORATE CODES 9T5D$ TO CONFUSE IDEAS OR CREATE CONFLICT1 ONE W\LD 5D UP ) A M9ORITY ( REVOLUTION>IES ) V]Y LIMIT$ *OICES4 ,?IS *>ACT] MODEL IS M>K$ BY A NET SUBORD9ATION ( ONE'S [N HAPP9ESS1 9T]E/S & NE$ = A PRIVATE LIFE TO ! AIMS ( ! ORGANIZATION & ! REVOLUTION4 ,BY MAK+ ! MODEL ( REF]5CE RIGID1 PEOPLE BECOME RIGID1 P]SONALITY FALLS 9TO SECOND PLACE4 ,! AB/RACT IDEALS ( JU/ICE1 EQUALITY & FRE$OM COME TO BE CONSID]$ IMPORTANT 5\< TO JU/IFY SELF-OBLIVION1 ! NULLIFICATION ( ANY /IMULUS T[>DS ! DIFF]5T 7:I* 5DS UP BE+ CONSID]$ B\RGEOIS1 SO IS CONDEMN$74 

,ONCE !Y HAVE CON=M$ TO ! BASIC RIGID MODEL !SE COMRADES W\LD NO D\BT BE DISPOS$ TO MAKE ANY SACRIFICE IMAG9ABLE = ! IDEAL1 EV5 !IR [N LIVES1 BUT !Y W\LD BE ?R[+ ! COLD VEIL ( SEP>ATION BETWE5 !MSELVES1 ! IDEAL 7N[ 0!IR IDEAL07 & O!R COMRADES1 I4E41 !Y W\LD COME TO D5Y ! UNIT>IAN & COLLECTIVE PROCESS ?AT ! ELABORATION ( ! REVOLUTION>Y MODEL IMPLIES4 ,!IR AIM W\LD BE TO APPLY 9 ! SPH]E ( REALITY ! MODEL ?AT !Y HAD CRY/ALLIZ$ 9 ! SPH]E ( ANALYSIS1 )\T TAK+ ACC\NT ( ANY POSSIBLE 9DIVIDUAL OR GR\P DIFF]5CES4 ,PH5OM5A SU* AS ! BIR? ( A SO-CALL$ 0OBJECTIVE CONSCI\SNESS0 W\LD SURFACE1 LEAD+ TO SUSPICION1 9TOL]ANCE1 EXCLUSIVITY4 

,WE >E LOOK+ AT ?IS EXTREME SITUATION H]E SIMPLY TO PO9T \T ! DANG]S ( A CRY/ALLIZATION ( A MODEL ( AN>*I/ 9T]V5TION4 ,9 REALITY1 SU* A MODEL MU/1 9 \R OP9ION1 RESULT FROM CON/ANT ELABORATION1 V]IFICATION & MODIFICATION BY ALL COMRADES1 ALWAYS )9 ! BASIC ME?ODOLOGICAL P]SPECTIVE1 :I* IS ?AT ( ! CORRECT *OICE ( MEANS = REA*+ ! AIMS ( JU/ICE1 EQUALITY & FRE$OM4 

,SPECIFIC HI/ORICAL TRANS=MATION HAS PRODUC$ DIFF]5T K9DS ( MILITANTS4 ,!RE CAN BE NO D\BT ?AT ! *>ACT] ( ! ,FR5* COMRADES 5GAG$ 9 ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! REACTION UP UNTIL #ahi DIFF]$ GREATLY FROM ?OSE ( ! AN>*O-SYNDICALI/ COMRADES :O LAT] TRI$ TO ADDRESS ! /RUGGLE T[>DS CLAIM+ BETT] CONDITIONS1 CONV9C$ ?AT ?AT WAS /ILL )9 A REVOLUTION>Y P]SPECTIVE4 ,JU/ AS !RE CAN BE NO D\BT ?AT PR(\ND DIFF]5CES EXI/$ BETWE5 ! ,SPANI% COMRADES ( ! ,F,A,I & ! ,ITALIAN COMRADES ( SIMIL> ORGANIZATIONS4 ,! SAME GOES = ! ,G]MAN COMRADES ?AT W5T TO WORK 9 ,AM]ICA & ?OSE :O /AY$ AT HOME1 = ! ,5GLI% COMRADES 9 ,LONDON & ! ,SCOTTI% ONES1 ETC4 ,! 'MODEL' PROPOS$ BY ,RAVA*OL IS NOT ! SAME AS ?AT PROPOS$ BY ,H5RY1 NOR IS IT ! SAME AS ?AT :I* ,BONNOT WAS TO PROPOSE4 ,:ILE BASICALLY REMA9+ )9 ! REALM ( ILLEGALITY1 PR(\NDLY DIFF]5T *>ACT]I/ICS EM]GE1 LEAD+ TO DIFF]5CES 9 ANALYZES & T5D5CIES4 

,IT IS ALSO POSSIBLE TO SEE DIFF]5CES AT ! LEVEL ( LANGUAGE4 ,! LANGUAGE ( AN>*I/ WRIT+S FROM #ahh TO #ahie 9 ,FRANCE IS DIFF]5T FROM ?AT BETWE5 #ahie & #a#i#a#d4 ,GALLEANI'S /YLE DIFF]S FROM ,MALATE/A'S BUT IS V]Y SIMIL> TO ?AT ( ,CIPRIANI & ,CIANCABILLA4 

,! V>IETY & FL\RI%+ ( MODELS S9CE #aifh IS EV5 GREAT]4 

,! DEVELOPM5T ( CULTURAL ANALYSIS1 ! WID5+ ( REVOLUTION>Y READ+1 ! ,FR5* PH5OM5ON ( ,MAY1 A FA/] CIRCULATION ( IDEAS1 ! BREAKD[N 9 TRADITIONAL UNIV]SITY /RUCTURES1 ! CRISIS ( ! MO/ SACR$ VALUES ( ! B\RGEOIS WORLD 7SCI5CE1 PROJECTUALITY1 SALUBRITY1 9TEGRITY71 HAVE ALL PRODUC$ RAPID *ANGES4 ,ANYONE ?AT FAILS TO ADAPT TO ! NEW ]A 5DS UP BE+ \T ( DATE & 9EFFICI5T4 ,! P]SI/5CE ( OLD S*EMA1 EV5 BY V]Y VALID COMRADES1 IS ! SIGN ( A DIFFICULTY 9 MAK+ ! MODEL PLIABLE1 BUT ONE GOES AHEAD 9 ANY CASE & NEW L9ES ( 9T]V5TION >E DEVELOP$4 ,AMID CONTRA/S & COLOSSAL BLUND]S1 AMID 9TUITION & ATTEMPTS AT 9T]NAL REPRESSION1 A PR(\ND CULTURAL MODIFICATION ( ! WORLD AN>*I/ MOVEM5T COMES AB\T4 ,H5CE ! EM]G5CE ( A NEW K9D ( MILITANT ?AT IS /ILL 9 =MATION1 ONE ?AT FLEES RHETORIC LIKE ! PLAGUE & ONLY FOCUSES ON A FEW PO9TS1 BUT DOES SO CLE>LY4 

,! NEW AN>*I/ MILITANT PLACES HIMSELF OR H]SELF 9 ! LIB]T>IAN TRADITION BUT AT ! SAME TIME !Y TRY ) ALL !IR MI<T TO SIFT ?R\< ! CULTURAL CONTRIBUTION ( ! REVOLUTION>Y LEFT1 AS WELL AS CULTURAL MODELS ( ! B\RGEOISIE4 ,?IS HAS OP5$ UP MANY CONTRADICTIONS FROM :I* DEEP !ORETICAL SPLITS HAVE >IS51 BUT !SE >E V]Y POSITIVE1 BREAK+ ! CIRCLE ( A CULTURAL CLOSURE ?AT HAD 5D$ UP ) \TDAT$ ANALYTICAL MODELS4 ,BASICALLY1 IF ONE W]E TO DRAW UP A %ORT 9V5TORY ( ! !ORETICAL BAGGAGE ( ! AN>*ISM ( ! 'FIFTIES1 ESPECIALLY 9 ,ITALY1 ONE W\LD HAVE TO ADMIT ?AT SOME ( ! OLD MODELS 7REVOLUTION>Y SYNDICALISM1 ,MALATE/IAN CRITIQUE1 ,GORIAN HUMANISM1 LATE-,BAKUN9I/ COLLECTIVISM1 ,KROPOTK9IAN DET]M9ISM7 HAVE BECOME ACRITICAL RHETORIC4 ,ALSO MODELS ?AT >E MORE DIRECTLY 9FLU5C$ BY ACTION SU* AS ! E?ICAL & /RATEGIC EVALUATION ( >M$ /RUGGLE1 HAVE BE5 9FLU5C$ BY ?IS CULTURAL ATROPHY4 ,! ACTIONS ( ,SABATE & ,FAC]IAS W]E ISOLAT$ ACRITICALLY1 (T5 PRAIS$1 (T5 CONDEMN$1 )\T ! MESSAGE !Y CONTA9 BE+ ABLE TO EM]GE 9 ! =M ( A CONCRETE PROPOSAL TO COMRADES BEYOND A MY?ISISATION ( >M$ ACTION = ! SAKE ( IT4 

,IF WE W]E TO LOOK AT SOME ( ! EXAMPLES ?AT W]E FOSSILIZ$ BY ?IS CULTURAL ATROPHY+1 WE W\LD HAVE TO PO9T TO ! ,SOREL ( ! MY? ( ! G5]AL /RIKE 7BEH9D REVOLUTION>Y SYNDICALISM71 ! ,MALATE/A ( ! F9AL YE>S 79FLU5C$ BY ,GORI'S HUMANISM71 ! ,KROPOTK9 ( ,E?ICS & ,MOD]N ,SCI5CE & ,AN>*Y 7AS WELL AS A LITTLE ( ,MUTUAL ,AID74 ,?AT W\LD IMPLY A DIRECT 9T]V5TION 9 ! REALITY ?AT IS TRY+ TO REVIVE SYNDICAL MODELS1 N[ DECID$LY ORI5T$ 9 A RE=MI/ & AU?ORIT>IAN DIRECTION1 A LOGIC ( WAIT+ & NATURALI/ & DET]M9I/ E?ICAL DISC\RSES4 

,REVOLUTION>Y CULTURE'S SUDD5 BREAK 7ALSO ! AU?ORIT>IAN /RA97 ) C]TA9 S*EMA ( ! PA/ 7= EXAMPLE ! SUDD5 REFUSAL ( ,CROCIAN HI/ORICISM & ! IMM$IATE -- ACRITICAL -- ACCEPTANCE ( ,M>XISM71 PRODUC$ CONSID]ABLE REFLEXES1 ALSO )9 ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T ?AT WAS DEBAT+ !MES & FAC+ PROBLEMS ?AT HAD PREVI\SLY BE5 HIDD5 UND] ! A%ES ( BADLY DIGE/$ RHETORIC4 

,IT IS ! E?ICAL QUE/ION ?AT 9T]E/S US H]E4 ,NOT ?AT ( TEXT BOOKS BUT ( ! RELATION%IP ) LIFE1 ! QUE/ION FAC+ ALL MILITANTS ?AT F9D !MSELVES TRAUMATICALLY LIV+ ! EXP]I5CE ( BE+ AN AN>*I/ 9 A SOCIETY ( EXPLOIT]S & P>V5US1 EXPLOIT$ & ACQUIESC5T4 ,& :5 AN>*I/S REFUSE ! B\RGEOIS MODEL AT ! SAME TIME AS !Y REFUSE ! AU?ORIT>IAN-COLLECTIVI/ MODEL ( ! ,M>XI/S & ,/AL9I/S1 !Y 5D UP FAC+ ! PROBLEM ( A SOCIALIZ$ P]SONALITY 9 A P]SONALIZ$ SOCIETY1 A DEVELOPM5T ( TOTAL SELF-MANAGEM5T ( ! P]SON 9 A SOCIETY ?AT DOES NOT CRU% MAN BUT EXALTS HIM & (F]S ! POSSIBILITY ( LIV+ A COH]5T LIFE4 

,SO ! PROJECT ( A MILITANT ?AT DOES NOT HIDE DIFFICULTIES FROM HIMSELF1 DOES NOT HAVE REC\RSE TO A HUGE APP>ATUS ( PHRASES & COMMONPLACES1 9 FACT IS ALMO/ AFRAID TO USE SLOGANS & UNI=M SPEE*1 =C+ HIMSELF TO WORK = ! SATISFACTION ( ! GLOBAL NE$S ( SOCIETY AS WELL AS ?AT ( 9DIVIDUALS & GR\PS4 ,IT IS ! PROBLEM ( P>TICIPATION1 ( OP5+ \T & RELAT+ TO O!RS1 REFUS+ ! P>TY APP>ATUS1 REFUS+ ! B\RGEOIS IDEOLOGY ( CIVIC CONSCI\SNESS4 

,! DEBATE HAS MOV$ AWAY FROM ! CLA% BETWE5 9DIVIDUAL & ORGANIZATION1 ! RI<TS ( ! 9DIVIDUAL & ?OSE ( ! SPECIFIC ORGANIZATION 7( ! REVOLUTION>Y SYNDICALI/ OR SIMPLY REVOLUTION>Y K9D74 ,IT N[ CONC]NS ! AUTONOMY ( ! MILITANT'S P]SONALITY 9 A DIM5SION ( COLLECTIVE RESPONSIBILITY1 )9 ! PROCESS ( ! GR[? ( SOCIAL REVOLUTION>Y CONSCI\SNESS ?AT CANNOT BE LEFT TO ITSELF4 

,AS ! DOM9ANT IDEOLOGY CON=M$ TO ECONOMIC PROGRESS 7BETWE5 ! 'FIFTIES & 'SIXTIES7 AN ANTICON=MISM ?AT ATTEMPT$ TO RE?9K SOME ( ! TRADITIONAL MODELS ( POLITICAL /RUGGLE APPE>$4 ,!N1 ) ! MODIFICATIONS 9 ! V]Y /RUCTURE ( P[]1 ! ECONOMIC REFLUX & ! 5TRANCE ( ! RE=MI/ =CES ( ! ,LEFT 9TO ! DOM9ANT CLASS1 ANTICON=MISM BECOMES MORE RESPONSIBLE3 QUALITY ( LIFE OPPOSES ITSELF TO ! QUANTITATIVE R$UCTION 9 ! CLASS CONFLICT4 ,! /IMULUS ( ! 9DIVIDUAL1 ! E?ICAL /IMULUS1 IS ADD$ TO ! MAT]IAL ONE ) ITS P>TIAL ANALYSIS ( A C\NT]P[] ?AT HAD COME TO BE CONDITION$ BY A C]TA9 CULTURE ( P[] 7POLITICAL SCI5CE & ITS NEGATION73 POLITICS />TS LIV+ A NEW PROCESS ( OP5+ \T4 

,?IS PR(\ND R5EWAL IS ALSO P>T ( A GLOBAL CRISIS 9 ! VALUES ( LATE CAPITALI/ SOCIETY4 ,IT CANNOT BE SAID ) PRECISION :E!R ! FALL ( CONSUM]I/ /RUCTURES >E A CAUSE OR EFFECT ( ?IS CRISIS ?AT HAS LEAD A GREAT NUMB] ( PEOPLE TO SUSP5D !IR JUDGM5T & OP5 UP A K9D ( 0P>5!SIS01 A LIFE ?AT REFUSES :AT IS (F]$ BY CAPITAL4 ,9 ?IS WORLD1 :I* AT ! SAME TIME IS \T ( ?IS WORLD1 ?IS 0P>5!SIS0 IS NO LONG] RE/RICT$ TO AN ELITE BUT IS A MASS PH5OM5ON ?AT IS TOO GREAT TO BE IGNOR$4 

,TODAY ! AN>*I/ IS ALSO CONDITION$ BY ALL ?IS4 ,IT IS ALL V]Y WELL TO SAY ?AT AN>*I/S >E NOT 0P]FECT01 !Y >E NOT 0/RANGE0 BE+S FROM ANO!R PLANET1 POSSESSORS ( TRU? CAPABLE ( F9D+ ! RI<T ANSW]S & ME?ODS = 9T]V5+ 9 ANY SITUATION4 ,JU/ AS !Y >E NOT ! MON/]S ( VIOL5CE & T]ROR ?AT A C]TA9 PRESS 9 ! S]VICE ( ! BOSSES PORTRAYS !M AS4 ,NEV]!LESS1 !Y >E NOT 0REVEAL]S0 ( TRU?4 ,& IT IS PRECISELY = ?IS REASON ?AT WE CAN ATTEMPT1 = ! FIR/ TIME AS F> AS WE KN[1 TO \TL9E ! *>ACT] ( ! AN>*I/ MILITANT ( ! PA/ FEW YE>S1 AT LEA/ )9 ! LIMITS ( EXP]I5CES 9 ,EUROPEAN C\NTRIES :]E ! MOVEM5T HAS SOME SIGNIFICANCE TODAY3 ,ITALY1 ,FRANCE1 ,SPA9 7,SPANI% EMIGRATION71 ,G]MANY1 ,5GL&4 ,IF WE W]E TO CONSID] AN>*ISM A WELL-DEF9$1 CRY/ALLIZ$ DOCTR9E1 WE W\LD HAVE TO CONCLUDE ?AT AN>*I/S >E BORN SU* & ?AT ANYONE ?AT 0FEELS0 = AN>*Y IS EI!R 5ROLL$ 9 SOME AN>*I/ F$]ATION & %\TS 0,LONG LIVE ,BAKUN901 OR READS NO BOOKS AT ALL & SWE>S ON ! NEGATIVITY ( CULTURE4 

,ON ! CONTR>Y1 IF WE SEE AN>*ISM AS ! !ORETICAL & PRACTICAL EXP]I5CE ?AT EM]GES ) A PRECISE ME?ODOLOGY 9 SOCIAL /RUGGLES AT C]TA9 TIMES1 WE SEE AN>*I/ MILITANTS AS M5 & WOM5 ( !IR TIME :O >E 9FLU5C$ BY PREVAIL+ IDEAS -- & ! SPECIFIC ME?ODS ( AN>*ISM -- 1 & >E 9VOLV$ 9 /RUGGLES AGA9/ ! CLASS 9 P[]4 ,! MORE ! ]A IS RI* 9 CONTRADICTIONS1 ! MORE ! CRISIS 9 ! P[] /RUCTURE BECOMES EVID5T & ! MORE ! 9/RUM5TS ?AT ONCE BELONG$ EXCLUSIVELY TO ! REVOLUTION>Y =CES COME TO BE US$ BY P[] = ! REPRESSION4 ,! MORE CONFUS+ REALITY BECOMES1 ! MORE AN>*I/ ME?ODS BECOME A RELEVANT P]SPECTIVE4 ,?IS IS NOT ABSOLUTE OR TAK5 = GRANT$1 WE NE$ TO V]IFY ?+S SO ?AT ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ P[] CAN BE ORGANIZ$ CORRECTLY RA!R ?AN RESURGE FROM ! REVOLUTION>Y C9D]S ( ! PA/4 

,SO1 AN>*I/S >E ALSO PEOPLE ?AT LIVE ! CONTRADICTIONS ( !IR TIME4 ,!IR *>ACT] CANNOT ESCAPE ! CONSEQU5CES4 ,!IR P]SONALITY WILL 5D UP HO/+ A CRUCIAL CONFLICT BETWE5 ! ASCETIC ASPECT ( ! REVOLUTION>Y3 ABNEGATION1 AGREEM5T1 & ! E?ICAL ASPECT ( ! 9DIVIDUAL ?AT OP5S UP TO AUTONOMY & ! ORGANIZATION ( SOCIETY 9 ! EGALIT>IAN S5SE1 SEE+ ! LIMITS & ! NE$ = PROGRESSIVE APPROXIMATION4 ,IT IS MU* EASI] TO 9T]V5E 9 REALITY & *ANGE IT1 H[EV] LIMIT$ ! ACTION MI<T BE1 ?AN TO 9T]V5E 9 REALITY1 *ANGE IT & 9 SO DO+1 *ANGE ONESELF4 

,IF MORE SPACE IS GIV5 TO ! FIR/ ASPECT ( ! CONFLICT1 WE WILL HAVE ONE K9D ( 9T]V5TION 9 REALITY1 ?AT LEAD+ TO ! =MATION ( A VANGU>D4 ,9 ! SECOND HYPO!SIS WE W\LD SEE A GR[? 9 ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T DIRECTLY1 9 ! REALITY ( ! /RUGGLE1 ) ! POSSIBLE CON/ITUTION ( SPECIFIC ORGANIZATIONS ?AT >E EXPRESSIONS ( ?IS REALITY 9 /RUGGLES :]E IT W\LD BE DIFFICULT = !M TO BECOME VANGU>DS4 

,?IS SEEMS TO US TO BE ! MO/ IMPORTANT PROBLEM ?AT NE$S TO BE FAC$4 ,IT IS A COMPLEX PROBLEM1 AS ! PASSAGE FROM ! DIM5SION ( ! 9DIVIDUAL TO ! COLLECTIVE ONE IS NOT JU/ M>K$ BY ! ORGANIZATIONAL =MS BUT ALSO BY ! AIMS ?AT ! ORGANIZATION GIVES ITSELF1 ?OSE ( ! PEOPLE ?AT MAKE IT UP1 ETC4 ,IF ! T5D5CY WE HAVE DEF9$ 0ASCETIC0 CAN LEAD TO ! =MATION ( A VANGU>D DUE TO A RATIONALIZATION ( ! CONFLICT1 ! T5D5CY :I*1 ) EQUAL CAUTION1 WE HAVE DEF9$ 0E?ICAL0 CAN MAKE ! SAME MI/AKE DUE TO AN AB/RACTION ( ! CONFLICT AS A RESULT ( ! QUANTITATIVE ILLUSION4 

,! CONFLICT BETWE5 TOTAL & P>TIAL 

,WE %\LD SAY RI<T AWAY ?AT 9 MAK+ A DI/9CTION BETWE5 ! 0ASCETIC0 T5D5CY & ! 0E?ICAL0 ONE WE >E NOT IMPLY+ ?AT ! MORAL ASPECT IS ABS5T FROM ! =M]4 ,?IS IS A FUNDAM5TAL ASPECT ( AN>*I/ ME?ODOLOGY 7AS WE HAVE SAID73 ! *OICE ( MEANS WE USE IRREM$IABLY AFFECTS ! 5DS WE REA*4 

,?IS SAID1 IT %\LD BE ADD$ ?AT ! PROBLEM ( VIOL5CE CANNOT BE SOLV$ BY DISCRIM9AT+ BETWE5 ! TWO T5D5CIES4 ,A COMP>ISON SU* AS 0ASCETIC0 "7 VIOL5CE1 0E?IC0 "7 NONVIOL5CE DOES NOT MAKE S5SE4 ,ALWAYS ON ! BASIS ( ! AN>*I/ PR9CIPLE ?AT REFUSES ?AT 0! 5D JU/IFIES ! MEANS01 VIOL5CE CAN LEGITIMATELY BE US$ = LIB]ATION )\T BE+ SE5 AS AMBIGU\S MORAL RELATIVISM4 

,IT GOES )\T SAY+ ?AT 9 ! CLA% ) P[]1 9 ! REVOLUTION1 ONE IS (T5 =C$ TO MAKE *OICES BETWE5 ! GREAT] OR LESS] EVIL4 ,DEBIT & CR$IT EXI/S1 EV5 9 E?ICS4 ,BUT ! CONT+5T FACTORS ?AT EXPLA9 SOME MI/AKES MU/ NEV] BE RAIS$ TO A MORAL JU/IFICATION ( AN>*I/ ACTION4 

,REALITY1 ) ALL ITS NUANCES1 COMPLICATIONS & CONTRADICTIONS1 IS REFLECT$ 9 ! CONTRADICTORY P]SONALITY ( MAN1 & CONSEQU5TLY ALSO 9 ! AN>*I/4 ,SO WE CAN SEE ?AT AN>*I/ ME?ODOLOGY IS N\RI%$ & MODIFI$ BY ANALYZES ?AT USE V>I\S 9/RUM5TS1 FROM ! 9TUITION ( 9DIVIDUALS :O DECIDE TO C>RY \T A S+LE ACTION1 TO AN ORGANIZATION ?AT ACTS UPON ! REALITY >\ND IT4 

,BUT ! AN>*I/1 EMPLOY+ HIS OR H] ME?ODOLOGY ) EXACTITUDE & RECOGNIZ+ ! CONTRADICTORY ASPECTS1 CAUSES MODIFICATIONS 9 REALITY ?AT >E BO? CAUSE & ! EFFECT ( ! RESULT+ CONTRADICTIONS4 

,ALL ! SAME1 IT IS NOT EASY TO SEE :]E REALITY 5DS & APPE>ANCES BEG9 9 ! CONFLICT4 ,IT IS NOT EASY TO SEP>ATE M5 FROM !IR IDEOLOGIES1 & ?IS CAN LEAD TO AN ATTEMPT TO ISOLATE C]TA9 LEVELS ( 9T]V5TION BY SEP>AT+ !M FROM ! IDEOLOGICAL PROCESSES ?AT COV] !M4 ,WE (T5 HE> S]5ADES TO 0DO+0 :I*1 9 ! BE/ HYPO!SIS1 >E NAIVE ROMANTICISM4 0,DO+0 CANNOT BE AUTONOM\S1 I4E4 IT CANNOT JU/IFY ITSELF ALONE4 

,TO TURN MEANS 9TO AN 5D 9 !MSELVES W\LD CORRESPOND TO ! ASCETIC EXCESS ( ! REVOLUTION>Y1 & IF ?IS IS ALSO QUITE A RATIONAL PH5OM5ON 79 ! FRAMEWORK ( ! DE/RUCTIVE PROCESS71 AS IT CUTS ! CONFLICT BETWE5 TOTAL & P>TIAL 9 TOO NET A FA%ION4 ,IT D5IES ! LATT]1 AFFIRM+ ! =M]1 BUT CAM\FLAGES BO? POLES ( ! CLA% ?US MAK+ ! DI/9CTION PROBLEMATICAL4 ,?IS IS ! EXTREME CASE ( AN >M$ M9ORITY ?AT HAVE BE5 RADICALIZ$ BY C]TA9 PROCESSES 9 ! CLA% ?AT >E IMPUTABLE TO !IR /RATEGY 7ON ! ONE H&71 BUT ALSO & P]HAPS PRIM>ILY TO ! DECISIONS ( P[]4 ,REAL MOTIVATIONS1 SPECIFIC T5D5CIES BETWE5 9DIVIDUALS & SOCIAL GR\PS >E DISREG>D$ 9 FAVOR ( AN ACRITICAL EXALTATION ( ! CLA%1 ! VALUE ( ! >M$ 0DE$01 ATTACK & UNIVOCITY ( WILL4 ,! MILITANT IS DE=M$ BY OBJECTIVE CONSEQU5CES & AS ?IS IS HAPP5+ HE ?9KS ?AT HE IS 9 *>GE ( ! SITUATION4 ,HE BECOMES A PR(ESSIONAL1 5CLOS+ ! \TSIDE WORLD 9TO ! ASPHYXIAT+ FRAMEWORK ( ! FRONTAL CLA%1 & FROM ?IS P]SPECTIVE CLAIMS TO JUDGE ! RE/ ( REALITY4 ,ONCE AGA9 IDEOLOGICAL ALI5ATION 7ALWAYS PRES5T71 REFLECTS FUNDAM5TAL ALI5ATION4 ,!N1 9 CONCRETE1 ! REQUIREM5TS ( ! CLA% ITSELF NECESSITATES !SE OP]ATIVE R$UCTIONS4 ,IT RE5T]S ! LOGIC ( ! DIVISION ( LABOR1 ONE ?AT IT CANNOT ESCAPE AS IT IS NOT POSSIBLE TO FLEE SU* A DIM5SION 9 ! ABS5CE ( A DECISIVELY REVOLUTION>Y & GLOBALIZ+ ACT ( RUPTURE4 ,?AT DOES NOT ALT] ! FACT ?AT RADICALIZATION EXI/S & IS LOGICALLY F\ND$1 WE W]E AB\T TO SAY 0NECESS>Y01 JU/ AS IT DOES NOT ALT] ! FACT ?AT ?IS %\LD BE SUPPORT$ :5 !RE >E COPS & ALL !IR V>IETY ( ACCOMPLICES ON ! O!R SIDE ( ! B>RICADE4 ,BUT ?AT CANNOT D5Y US ! RI<T TO REFLECT & CRITICIZE4 ,& ! RE/RICTIVE DIM5SION1 ! DIM5SION :I* 9 RE/RICTION WANTS TOTALITY1 ?AT IS1 ?AT CAN 7!ORETICALLY7 ASPIRE TO TOTALITY PRECISELY BECAUSE IT HAS R$UC$ ! WORLD & ALL ITS DE$S TO A POCKET DIM5SION1 %\LD BE CRITICIZ$4 ,! VANGU>D ?AT COMES \T ( ?IS IS AS AMBITI\S AS EV]4 ,! GREAT] ! RISKS RUN TO PROCURE MEANS1 ! EASI] IT IS = !M TO BECOME AN 5D 9 !MSELVES4 ,9 ?IS WAY ! VANGU>D MOVES 9 ! DIRECTION ( BECOM+ 9DEP5D5T ( ITS [N AIMS1 EV5 TO ! PO9T ( REPLAC+ !M4 

,ONE OB/ACLE TO REVOLUTION IS ! FACT ?AT 9 COM+ UP AGA9/ REALITY ! VANGU>D1 RA!R ?AN CONSID] ITSELF A MEANS1 5DS UP PREF]R+ ITS [N AIMS4 ,!SE 9 NO WAY CON=M TO ! G5]AL AIMS ( ! REVOLUTION1 I4E4 ! DEF9ITIVE LIB]ATION ( MAN4 

,WE MU/ DI/+UI% BETWE5 ! MODEL ( ! VANGU>D ?AT WE >E LOOK+ AT H]E & ! CLASSICAL ONE SUGGE/$ BY ,M>XISM4 ,= ,M>XI/S1 ! VANGU>D ACTS AS M$IATOR BETWE5 ! IMM$IATE & ! HI/ORICAL 9T]E/S ( ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,! P>ADOX IS ?AT ?IS VANGU>D MU/ 9T]PRET ! 9T]E/S ( ! CLASS :OSE CONDITIONS ( DEVELOPM5T IT MU/ CREATE4 ,= ! ASCETIC K9D ( REVOLUTION>Y VANGU>D ! PROBLEM ( 0M$IATION0 DOES NOT EXI/1 ONLY ?AT ( 0ACTION04 ,ONLY ONCE ! CLA% HAS EVOLV$ DUE TO ! REACTION ( P[] IS IT POSSIBLE TO SPEAK ( A REAL COAGULATION ( VANGU>DI/ =MS1 ) ALL ! 5SU+ CONSEQU5CES 7TRANS=MATION 9TO A MILIT>Y W+1 PR(ESSIONAL DE=MATION1 ETC474 

,YET1 9 \R OP9ION1 ?IS IS NOT ! MO/ DELICATE PO9T ( ! CONFLICT BETWE5 TOTALITY & P>T4 ,F> MORE RADICAL IS ! UND]LY+ PROBLEM1 ! CONFLICT )9 ! MILITANT AS AN 9DIVIDUAL4 

,! CLA% BETWE5 TOTALITY & P>T IS CONSI/5TLY PRES5T = ! MILITANT 5GAG$ 9 ! /RUGGLE &1 9 ! LONG RUN1 ?IS M>KS HIS *>ACT] PR(\NDLY4 ,IT DE=MS HIS VISION ( LIFE TO ! PO9T (1 AT TIMES -- 9 ! FACE ( GREAT DELUSIONS -- MAK+ HIM REFUSE TO ACCEPT REALITY4 ,WE SEE ! EXT5T ( ! PROBLEM 9 ! ANGUI%$ CRY ( ,CAFI]O OR 9 ! PA9FUL WRIT+S ( ,COEURD]OY4 

,! REVOLUTION IS A GLOBALIZ+ CONCEPT ( HUMAN 9VOLVEM5T4 ,IT IS TOTALITY4 ,IT DOES NOT ALL[ JO9T [N]%IP1 COHABITATION OR COMPROMISE4 ,! AN>*I/ /RUGGLE IS ! SUPREME RECOGNITION ( ! PR9CIPLE ( REALIZABLE TOTALITY :IL/ SAFEGU>D+ ! VALUE ( ! 9DIVIDUAL1 AN ADDITION ( GREAT COMPLEXITY 9 ?AT IT REFUSES TO SEE REVOLUTION>Y MEANS AS 5DS 9 !MSELVES4 ,9 ?IS CASE TOTALITY BECOMES CRY/AL CLE>1 DAZZL+4 ,EV]Y?+ GOES T[>DS IT1 ONE'S SELF1 ONE'S FAMILY1 ONE'S AFFECTIONS1 ONE'S HABITS1 ONE'S HOPES4 

,BUT ALL ?AT 7:I* NO MATT] H[ GR& IT MI<T S\ND TO ! 9DIVIDUAL IS /ILL V]Y SMALL7 SOON BURNS \T 9 ! IMM5SE FURNACE ( REVOLUTION>Y TOTALITY4 ,& SO ONE WANTS TO ACT QUICKLY TO SPE$ UP A PROCESS ?AT TAKES ITS [N TIME & GOES AT ITS [N PACE4 ,WE BEG9 TO FEEL IT WEI<+ ON US AS ?\< WE HAD TO C>RY IT UPON \R %\LD]S4 

,!N WE >E =C$ TO /& BE=E ! 9EXORABLE TRIBUNAL ( ! P>T4 ,TO MEASURE GR[?1 E/IMATE DI/ANCES1 CONSID] RELATIONS1 9DICATE P]SPECTIVES4 ,WE />T TO PAY MORE ATT5TION TO ! PACE ( EV5TS4 ,WE />T TO SAVE \RSELVES1 PREP>+ = ! LONG ROAD AHEAD4 ,WE W\LD LIKE IT TO GO ON = EV]1 \R REVOLUTION1 BUT WE REALIZE ?AT WE CANNOT IMPRISON TOTALITY )9 ! LIMITS ( \R DESIRES1 & WE 5D UP GIV+ 9 TO C>E & /RATEGY4 ,WE NOTE ?AT WE >E NOT ALONE1 ?AT FAC+ US & \R PROJECT ( LIB]ATION >E ! MASSES 7:O >E NOT NECESS>ILY READY TO FREE !MSELVES7 & P[]4 ,9 FULL EVID5CE & REVOLUTION>Y MY/]Y1 !RE BE=E US /&S A CONTRADICTORY BUT CON/ANT RELATION%IP BETWE5 TOTALITY & P>T1 DREAM & REALITY1 IDEAL & /RATEGIC PROJECT4 

,SOME1 5CLOS+ TOTALITY 9SIDE A MORE RE/RICT$ DIM5SION1 ASCETICISE !IR 9T]V5TION4 ,!Y WRAP !MSELVES UP 9 A MICROCOSM ?AT !Y RECOGNIZE AS SU*1 :I* !Y 9T5D TO TAKE TO 9F9ITY1 P]FECT+ IT1 CLAIM+ ?AT IT IS CAPABLE ( REPRODUC+ ALL ! CONDITIONS ( REVOLUTION>Y TOTALITY ON A R$UC$ SCALE4 ,?R\< ?IS R$UCTION !Y >E TRY+ TO PROPOSE A 0MODEL01 GIVE AN EXAMPLE1 A PO9T ( REF]5CE SO ?AT MANY O!R 0LITTLE0 TOTALITIES WILL BE =M$1 ALL TOGE!R CAPABLE ( =M+ SU* A VA/ TOTALITY AS TO GET CLOSE TO ! F9AL ONE4 ,9 ONE WAY OR ANO!R ?IS DECISION LEADS TO ! VANGU>D CLOS+ 9 ON ITSELF4 ,?R\< ! ACTIVITY ( CRIM9ALIZATION1 P[] WILL DO ! RE/4 

,O!RS1 FULLY ACCEPT+ ! CONCEPT ( P>TIALITY1 DISPOSE !MSELVES FAVORABLY TO LONG P]IODS ( TIME1 I4E4 QUANTITATIVE MEASUREM5T4 ,= !SE COMRADES1 BASIC DO+ TURNS 9TO BASIC ?9K+4 ,! RELATION%IP ) ! MASS BECOMES $UCATIONAL & MOVES 9TO ! P>TICUL>1 ! SPECIFIC4 ,! L9K ) ! TOTALITY ?AT WAS MADE ON ! BASIS ( A MORE OR LESS GLOBALIZ+ ANALYSIS BECOMES PURELY !ORETICAL4 ,9 ?IS WAY ! QUANTITATIVE DEG5]ATION ( ! E?ICAL T5D5CY IS BORN1 JU/ AS 9 ! PREC$+ CASE !RE WAS A QUALITATIVE DEG5]ATION ( ! ASCETIC T5D5CY4 ,AL?\< DIFF]5T 7! FIR/ OP51 ! SECOND CLOS$71 !SE POSITIONS >E BO? OP5 TO CRITICISM4 

,REVOLUTION>Y ALI5ATION 

0,REVOLUTION>Y ALI5ATION0 IS ! AW>5ESS ( ! CONTRA/ BETWE5 TOTALITY & P>T4 ,IT IS DISGU/ = ! LATT] UNIT$ ) ! POSSIBILITY ( ! =M]1 LEAD+ TO A =M ( EXTRANEATION ?AT IS EXP]I5C$ AS EXTREME DISCOM=T 9 ! FACE ( ! TRANS=MATION ( ! SY/EM4 

,9 A WAY WE >E FAC$ ) A PH5OM5ON SIMIL> TO SO-CALL$ 0UNHAPPY CONSCI\SNESS0 RESULT+ FROM AN 9ADEQUATE REACTION TO ONE'S CLASS SITUATION4 ,ONLY1 :ILE UNHAPPY CONSCI\SNESS IS ABOVE ALL A S5SE ( DISCOM=T BE=E A CLASS DISLOCATION ?AT ONE 5DS UP FEEL+ E/RANG$ TO1 REVOLUTION>Y ALI5ATION IS ! F9AL BREAK+ PO9T 9 ! PROCESS4 ,IT IS ! AW>5ESS ( NOT BE+ ABLE TO REALIZE TOTALITY1 ( LOS+ SOME?+ 9 AN EF=T T[>DS TOTALITY1 :I* WE FEEL IS ! ONLY POSSIBLE ROAD TO REVOLUTION4 

,WE TURN TO A PR(\ND CRITIQUE ( ! 0HUMAN0 SIGNIFICANCE ( ! REVOLUTION>Y BE+ BECAUSE ONE FEELS ONESELF TO BE A 0?+04 ,?IS PROCESS ( REIFICATION COMES AB\T 9 ! CLA% BETWE5 ! P]SI/5CE ( P>TIALITY & ! CONT9UAL RETURN ( ! NE$ = TOTALITY4 

,?IS IS NOT ! 0CRISIS0 ( ! B\RGEOIS :O CRUMBLES BECAUSE ( ! SATURATION ( A LIFE-/YLE ?AT HAS DELIB]ATELY BE5 BUILT = HIM ) FABRICAT$ NE$S & /IMULI /UDI$ 9 ! LABORATORIES ( P[]4 ,IT IS NOT ! CRISIS ( CONSUM]I/ WELL-BE+1 BOR$OM & REMOTE-CONTROLL$ ACTION1 A CON/ANT REPETITION ( PROGRAMM$ *ANGE4 

,IT IS NOT ! SUSP5SION ( 9VOLVEM5T OR JUDGM5T1 A TAK+ REFUGE 9 AN >I/OCRATIC DIM5SION ( REFLECTION1 OR ! P[] ( ! 9TELLECT REGULAT+ ! UNIV]SE ( ONE'S ?\<TS & ILLUD+ ONESELF ?AT ONE IS REGULAT+ ! WORLD4 ,IT IS NOT A CUTT+ (F FROM ! ?+S ( REALITY 9 ORD] TO GO 9 SE>* ( ! P]FECT UTOPIAN SOCIETY1 ?R\< NUMB]S1 V]SES OR ! PREF]R$ ,IC>IA4 

,IT IS NOT A 0PILOT$0 UPHEAVAL 9 A REALITY ?AT IS HELD SUSP5D$ ) ! HELP ( SOME VEHICLE OR O!R 7DRUGS OR :ATEV]71 ?AT CAN CORRESPOND TO1 OR ACTUALLY BE1 ! EFFECT ( ! MASS PRODUCT1 FOLL[+ FA%ION OR A SCALE ( VALUES ?AT ! SY/EM ITSELF CAN NO LONG] UPHOLD4 

,IT IS NOT ALI5ATION 9 ! ,M>XI/ S5SE ( ! T]M1 ! LOSS ( SOME?+ ?AT BELONGS TO US1 9 ! FIR/ PLACE ! SOCIAL PRODUCT1 BECAUSE IT IS ?R\< ! PRODUCT ( \R WORK ALONE ?AT WE RECOGNIZE \RSELVES AS HUMAN BE+S4 ,IT IS NOT1 ?AT IS1 ! ALI5ATION ( ! WORK] ?AT REACTS 9 A C]TA9 WAY BE=E ! =C$ P]SPECTIVE ?AT ! SY/EM ( PRODUCTION IS (F]+ HIM4 

,! ALI5ATION WE >E TALK+ AB\T H]E IS A LACK ( SOME?+1 7A PROCESS ( G5]IC ALI5ATION7 BUT IS ALSO A LACK ( ONESELF1 ! SELF ?AT ID5TIFIES ) REVOLUTION>Y TOTALITY4 ,IT IS PRECISELY ?IS P]SPECTIVE 7TOTALITY7 ?AT PROVIDES AN \TLET FROM ! G5]AL =M ( ALI5ATION )\T1 MOREOV]1 MANAG+ TO COMPLETELY AVOID ! DANG] ( ALI5ATION REEM]G+ ?R\< ! FRU/RATION ( ! NE$ = REVOLUTION>Y TOTALITY4 

,:5 ! ALI5AT$ WORK] RECOGNIZES HIS ALI5ATION1 HE BECOMES CONSCI\S ( IT & OV]COMES IT4 ,9 ?IS WAY HE 5T]S ! REVOLUTION>Y P]SPECTIVE4 ,?IS CAN FALL UPON HIM LIKE A TON ( BRICKS IF HE IS NOT ABLE TO FULFILL :AT ! ABS5CE ( PRIMITIVE ALI5ATION =CES UPON HIM3 COMPLETE LIB]ATION & ! REALIZATION ( REVOLUTION>Y TOTALITY4 ,9 ?IS WAY1 ! V]Y P]SPECTIVE ( LIB]ATION RISKS TURN+ 9TO A FUR!R =M ( ALI5ATION1 ?AT ( LACK ( TOTALITY4 

,?IS SITUATION IS F> MORE S]I\S = AN>*I/ REVOLUTION>IES4 ,HAV+ NEI!R ! *>ISMA ( ! LEAD] OR ! ORGANIZATION1 !Y HAVE NO?+ TO HOLD ON TO4 ,ASSESSM5T ( !IR [N WORK IS ( LITTLE HELP2 ) ONE SIMPLE REFLECTION !Y CAN PUT IT 9TO SECOND PLACE 9 ! P]SPECTIVE ( REVOLUTION>Y TOTALITY4 ,IF !Y TRY TO SEE SOME?+ WRONG ) !IR SITUATION1 ?US CONV9C+ !MSELVES ?AT A SMALL 5CLOS$ PORTION ( REALITY IS ! MICROCOSM ?AT PRODUCES TOTALITY1 !Y TRANS=M !MSELVES 9TO A VANGU>DI/ ME*ANISM & REIFY ALI5ATION TO ! PO9T ( NOT BE+ ABLE SEE IT ANY MORE1 JU/ AS HAPP5$ 9 ! PHASE ( PRIMITIVE ALI5ATION BE=E ! AWAK5+ ( CONSCI\SNESS4 ,!Y ?US REIFY !IR [N ALI5ATION1 ACCEPT+ ! SOLUTION ( P>TIALITY 7ANALYZES & LONG P]IODS ( 9T]V5TION74 

,! FACT IS ?AT REVOLUTION>Y ALI5ATION IS NOT SIMPLY A RELATION%IP ?AT IS LACK+ 9 SOME?+ 7TOTALITY71 IT IS ALSO CONSCI\SNESS ( ?IS LACK4 ,9 O!R WORDS1 IT IS NOT JU/ ! RECOGNITION ?AT SOME?+ IS MISS+1 IT IS ALSO A RECOGNITION ( NOT BE+ ABLE TO DO )\T :AT ! LATT]4 

,DO ALL AN>*I/S 5GAG$ 9 ! REVOLUTION>Y /RUGGLE REA* ?IS CONCLUSION8 ,!RE IS NO SIMPLE ANSW] TO ?AT4 

,ONE ?+ ?AT IS C]TA9 IS ?AT IF AN>*ISM IS ! REFUSAL ( AU?ORITY1 IT IS ALSO A CRITICAL REFLECTION ON ! BASIC CONDITIONS ( LIFE & ALL ! 5SU+ CONTRADICTIONS4 ,9 A S5SE1 ONE ( ! *>ACT]I/ICS ( AN>*I/S IS ?AT !Y GO 9TO !SE CONTRADICTIONS AS IT W\LD BE /RANGE = AU?ORIT>IAN REVOLUTION>IES TO GA9 CONSCI\SNESS ( ?IS ALI5ATION ?R\< ! TI<T ME% ( ! P>TY /RUCTURE ?AT !Y F9D !MSELVES OP]AT+ 94 ,BUT IF ?IS ALI5ATION IS A CONSEQU5CE ( A CRITICAL EXAM9ATION ( REALITY1 IT %\LD NOT BE CONSID]$ SOME?+ NEGATIVE BUT RA!R A NECESS>Y /EP1 A DIFFICULT /AGE ?AT NE$S TO BE OV]COME4 ,TO SUM UP1 IT IS NOT ! ANTE*AMB] ( REVOLUTION>Y 5GAGEM5T1 BUT IS ! RESULT ( IT1 ! CONSEQU5CE ( IT4 ,IT IS NOT EV5 ! ULTIMATE SOLUTION1 ! F9AL WALL FROM :I* TO REC$E & COMMIT SUICIDE1 BUT ! PASSAGE TO A FUR!R PHASE ( ! DEEP5+ ( ONE'S KN[L$GE & GA9+ MATURITY4 

,BE=E GO+ ANY FUR!R IT IS NECESS>Y TO LOOK AT ! CONDITIONS ( ?IS P>TICUL> K9D ( ALI5ATION4 

,! PROCESS />TS FROM ! ABSOLUTE VALUE GIV5 TO ! 9DIVIDUAL4 ,ANY PROPOSAL TO SACRIFICE ! LATT] TO REVOLUTION>Y /RATEGY1 OR EV5 TO REVOLUTION>Y TOTALITY1 IS REJECT$4 ,! 5GAGEM5T CAN BE TOTAL1 CAN GO AS F> AS COMPLETE D$ICATION & DEA?1 BUT CAN NEV] REA* ! ANNULL+ ( ! 9DIVIDUAL4 ,AN>*I/S :O DIE = ! REVOLUTION DO NOT REJECT ! VALUE ( ! 9DIVIDUAL1 ON ! CONTR>Y !Y TAKE ! LATT] TO ! MAXIMUM DEGREE1 AS ! SACRIFICE ?AT LEADS TO A SOCIETY :]E SACRIFICE WILL BE IMPOSSIBLE1 A FRE$ SOCIETY4 ,9 ALL !IR OP5+ T[>DS ! /RUGGLE1 9 ALL ! COLLECTIVE ACTION ?AT !Y FEEL & MAKE !IR [N1 !Y NEV] LOSE ! 9DIVIDUAL DIM5SION4 

,ALI5ATION COMES TO !M :5 !Y REALIZE ?AT ONLY BY ACCEPT+ A WORSE =M ( ALI5ATION 7! PRIMITIVE K9D OR ?AT ( C5TRALIZ$ P[]7 WILL !Y BE ABLE TO ESCAPE ! DANG] ( SEE+ ! PROJECT ( ! LIB]ATION ( ! 9DIVIDUAL DISAPPE>4 ,9 ACTUAL FACT1 ! 9DIVIDUAL AT LEA/ MANAGES TO P>TIALLY REALIZE HIMSELF UND] ! CONDITIONS ( PRIMITIVE ALI5ATION1 ALBEIT 9 A DE=M$ 7ALI5AT$7 WAY4 ,BUT AN>*I/S WANT ! COMPLETE REALIZATION ( ! 9DIVIDUAL & WANT ?IS 9 ! SOCIAL P]SPECTIVE ( TOTAL LIB]ATION4 ,!Y F9D !MSELVES 9 A S]I\S CRISIS ?AT COMES FROM ! CONTRA/ BETWE5 9DIVIDUAL & TOTALITY4 ,5T]+ A P>TIAL DIM5SION W\LD HEAL MANY ASPECTS ( ?IS CRISIS BUT W\LD REPRODUCE ANO!R ALI5AT$ =M1 ! VANGU>D4 

,ALI5ATION ONLY BECOMES A CRUCIAL FACTOR :5 ONE IS AW>E ?AT ONE IS ALI5AT$4 ,& ?IS IS AN EFFECT ( ! 9DIVIDUAL'S WILL1 ( MOV+ 9 A SITUATION ( /ALEMATE ) NO WAY =W>D LEAD+ TO A CONSID]ATION ( ! O!R POSSIBILITY1 ! CONSCI\S REFUSAL ( TOTALITY AS ! IMM$IATE AIM4 ,! GREAT] ?IS AW>5ESS1 ! MORE ! 9DIVIDUAL WILL OP5 UP TO O!R POSSIBILITIES4 

,BUT SIMPLE AW>5ESS1 RECOGNIZ+ ?AT ONE IS 9 A /ATE ( 0CRISIS0 C\LD PU% ! 9DIVIDUAL TO SACRIFICE EV]Y?+ 9 ORD] TO COME ?R\< ! LATT] 9 ! %ORTE/ POSSIBLE TIME4 ,9TOL]ANCE ( A SITUATION ( UNC]TA9TY CAN PU% SOMEONE ?AT IS ACCU/OM$ TO RADICALIZ+ !IR ACTION TO EXTREME SOLUTIONS4 ,IF TOTALITY LEADS TO 0CRISIS01 IF IT IS ?IS AIM ?AT SPOILS ! REVOLUTION>Y PROJECT BY UPSETT+ ! DE/RUCTIVE ORD] ?AT ONE IMAG9$ WAS DET]M9I/ICALLY PROGRESSIVE1 WE MU/ CUT (F ?IS POLE ( CONTRA/4 ,9 ORD] TO DO SO IT BECOMES NECESS>Y TO UND]VALUE IT1 ACCUSE IT ( BE+ UTOPIAN1 A FANTASY1 UNF\ND$1 DE=M+1 PETIT B\RGEOIS4 ,! ULTIMATE ACCUSATION IS PRECISELY ?IS LA/ ONE4 ,ANY?+ ?AT ANNOYS US BECOMES A PRODUCT ( B\RGEOIS IDEOLOGY & ITS %OP-KEEP+ ACC\NTANCY4 ,A PRODUCT ( COMMODITIES & !IR REIFICATION4 

,H[EV]1 BY ACT+ 9 ?IS WAY ONE REALIZES ?AT ONE IS LOS+ A LOT4 ,= A TIME ONE IS CONV9C$ ?AT ONE HAS SOLV$ ! PROBLEM1 !N IT REAPPE>S4 ,! P]SPECTIVE ( REVOLUTION>Y TOTALITY IS :AT CONTA9$ ! QUALITY ( ! REVOLUTION1 ITS LIB]ATORY ESS5CE4 ,QUALITY IS ! ONLY ?+ ?AT CAN GIVE US ! FEEL+ ( ! TOTALITY ( LIB]ATION AT ANY MOM5T :5 WE >E ACT+ PROGRESSIVELY4 ,ONLY QUALITY CAN MAKE US LIVE ! F9AL MOM5T ?AT WE WILL NEV] SEE1 BUT :I* WE MU/ NEV]!LESS FEEL PRES5T1 LIKE A REFLEX ?AT ALL[S US TO KN[ :]E WE >E4 ,& ?IS QUALITY IS (T5 FANTA/IC1 UTOPIAN4 ,IT IS V]Y DIFFICULT = IT TO RELATE ) QUANTIFICATION4 ,BY /RUGGL+ = REVOLUTION>Y TOTALITY WE GRASP ! QUALITY ( ! REVOLUTION & RELIVE IT 9 \R ACTIONS1 9 ! SMALL ?+S ?AT BEG9 TO ACQUIRE A PROGRESSIVE S5SE ( LIB]ATION4 ,BUT ALL ?AT ALSO BR+S US ALI5ATION1 DISCOM=T1 SUFF]+4 

,:5 WE SUFF]1 WE REMEMB] ! ?+S ( ! PA/ ) A S5SE ( LOSS4 ,?IS C\LD BE SE5 AS NO/ALGIA = PRIMITIVE ALI5ATION4 ,! WORLD ( REIFICATION CAN BE A NICE LITTLE PORT 9 ! /ORM &1 ) ?IS GO+ BACKW>DS ! SUFF]+ GOES FULL CIRCLE4 ,9 HORROR WE REALIZE ?AT ALI5ATION CONSI/S ( NOT WANT+ TO BE SOME?+ ONE C\LD BE BUT IS 9 ITSELF MEAN+LESS1 & NOT BE+ ABLE TO BE SOME?+ ONE W\LD LIKE TO BE1 ?AT MEANS EV]Y?+4 

,MAKE NO MI/AKE1 WE >E NOT LOOK+ = A DETAIL$ REVISION ( 9DIVIDUALISM1 P]SONALISM OR VOLUNT>I/IC RATIONALISM H]E4 ,C]TA9LY :AT WE KN[ ( ! VICISSITUDES ( ! P]SON 7! TRANS=MATION ( ! MASK7 IS NOT WOR? M5TION+ & IS ! FRUIT ( B\RGEOIS IRRATIONALISM 7EXI/5TIALISM1 PH5OM5OLOGY1 ETC474 ,MU* MORE W\LD BE NECESS>Y1 & IT IS NOT POSSIBLE TO GO 9TO ?AT H]E4 ,IT IS IMPORTANT TO UND]/& ?AT WE >E CONC]N$ ) ! RELATION%IP 9DIVIDUAL_/COLLECTIVITY4 ,PA9FUL CONTRADICTIONS EM]GE 9 AN>*I/ MILITANTS NOT BECAUSE !Y >E 9DIVIDUALS1 BUT BECAUSE !Y >E 9DIVIDUALS :O RECOGNIZE !IR [N VALUE & ?AT ( ! MASS AS TWO VALUES ?AT >E 9 OPPOSITION TO EA* O!R BUT :I* CANNOT BE SUB/ITUT$ ! ONE = ! O!R4 

,IF REVOLUTION>Y T5SION COMES FROM ! FACT ?AT ! REVOLUTION IS A TOTALIZ+ PROJECT1 A PROJECT ?AT REVOKES ! QUALITY ( LIFE & CLAIMS TO TRANS=M ! LATT] COMPLETELY1 P>TICUL> CONTRADICTIONS >ISE FROM ! NE$ = ! 9DIVIDUAL AN>*I/ TO E/ABLI% A CORRECT RELATION%IP ) ! MASS 9 ORD] TO AVOID C>RY+ \T ONE S+LE ASPECT ( !IR DECISION ALONE4 

,! REVOLUTION>Y 5COMPASSES ! TOTALITY ( ! LIFE ( ! 9DIVIDUAL4 ,H5CE ! POSSIBILITY ( ! REALIZATION ( ! TOTALITY ( ! REVOLUTION 7!RE=E ALSO ! TOTALITY ( LIFE7 ?AT IS REFLECT$ 9 QUALITY4 ,BUT REVOLUTION>Y DECISION IS NOT SOME?+ AB/RACT4 ,IT IS NOT A 0POSSIBILITY0 OR A 0NECESSITY0 ACCORD+ TO ! P]SPECTIVE ( :OEV] BR+S IT AB\T4 ,IT IS REAL1 IT LEADS TO PR(\ND *ANGES 9 ! 9DIVIDUAL & 9 ?IS S5SE IS 0NECESS>Y04 ,BUT 9 ORD] TO BE SU* IT MU/ GO BEYOND 0POSSIBILITY01 I4E4 MU/ BE REALIZ$4 ,IF ! LATT] IS NOT REALIZ$1 EV5 ?R\< CON/ANT 5GAGEM5T1 IT WILL NEV] BECOME A NECESSITY4 ,H]E9 LIES ! DRAMA3 IT IS ! /RUGGLE ?AT LEADS TO GO+ FROM APPROXIMATION TO ?IS NECESS>Y ASPECT ( REVOLUTION>Y DECISION1 LEAD+ TO ALL ! ALI5AT+ CONSEQU5CES4 

,BUT POSSIBILITY & NECESSITY DO NOT GO H& 9 H&4 ,POSSIBILITY DRAWS 9 P]SONAL 9VOLVEM5T & CAN EV5 REA* NECESSITY1 BUT ONLY AS A MOVE T[>DS SOME?+1 AS ! S+L+ \T ( AN OBJECTIVE4 ,NECESSITY AS SU*1 AS ! CONSCI\S PLACE ( ! PR(\ND MODIFICATION ( ! QUALITY ( LIFE1 COMES FROM ! MASS1 FROM :AT ! MASS PRODUCE4 ,9 A WORD1 NECESSITY COMES FROM ! MASSES' SELF-ORGANIZATION4 

,ONE CAN WRAP ONESELF UP 9 ! PLOTS ( REVOLUTION>Y POSSIBILITY TO 9F9ITY4 ,ONE CAN DREAM ( 9SURRECTIONAL CLA%ES OR FANTASIZE AB\T LONG-T]M $UCATIONAL PROJECTS TO ! PO9T ( EXHAU/ION1 EV5 TO ! PO9T ( 9SUFF]ANCE & ANNOYANCE4 ,NOT = ?IS DOES ONE REA* ! DIM5SION :]E POSSIBILITY BECOMES NECESSITY1 I4E4 ! RECOGNITION ( ! NE$ = ?IS RESOLUTION1 ! ACCEPTANCE ( ! ONLY VALID ROAD1 ?AT ( GO+ T[>DS ! SELF-ORGANIZATION ( ! MASS4 

,:5 WE CAT* A GLIMPSE ( ?IS P]SPECTIVE1 ! MYRIAD ( POSSIBILITIES1 ! V]Y POSSIBILITY ( A PROBABLE SOLUTION ( AN APPROA*+ TOTALITY1 BECOME UNBE>ABLE = US4 ,TIME IS REQUIR$ TO REALIZE ?IS POSSIBILITY1 & ?AT IS :AT WE LACK4 ,WE WANT TO RUN4 ,WE WANT ! TOTALITY WE CAU<T A GLIMPSE ( TO MAT]IALIZE4 ,WE WANT ! WAIT+ TO BECOME REALITY4 ,?IS SITUATION HAS NO \TLET 9 ! CURR5T ASPECT ( SUFF]+4 ,IT IS AN 9TIMATE LAC]ATION1 A CONTRADICTION ?AT -- :5 Y\ ?9K AB\T IT -- IS ! REFLEX ( ! CLASS FACTOR1 ) EV5 GREAT] AW>5ESS1 MORE SUFF]+4 ,&1 BECAUSE ! PROCESS ( AW>5ESS IS ONE-WAY1 ! SUFF]+ ( CLASS LAC]ATION CANNOT BE ELIM9AT$4 

,LET US EXAM9E ! O!R =M ( ALI5ATION = A MOM5T1 ! BETT]-KN[N ONE4 ,?IS IS AN OBJECTIVE FACT1 I4E4 ! RESULT ( BE+ DEPRIV$ ( SOME?+ 7! SOCIAL PRODUCT ( ONE'S WORK74 ,) ! AWAK5+ ( CONSCI\SNESS 79CREAS$ AW>5ESS7 ONE ALSO GA9S AN AW>5ESS ( ALI5ATION4 ,! ME*ANISM = CORRECT+ ! SITUATION ( SUFF]+1 SO-CALL$ CLASS CONSCI\SNESS1 W\LD NOT MAKE S5SE OR W\LD BE A M]E OBJECTIVE FACT1 IF IT DID NOT 9CLUDE ! POSSIBILITIES ?AT ?IS CREATES4 ,RELIGI\S RESIDUALS ACT AT ?IS LEVEL1 PU%+ ?IS CLASS CONSCI\SNESS T[>DS ! SE>* = M$IAT$ SOLUTIONS SU* AS LOOK+ = A GUIDE4 ,?AT OBVI\SLY CANNOT BE SE5 AS A CORRECTION ( ! SITUATION ( SUFF]+1 BUT M]ELY ITS 0REPRESSION04 

,O!R DIFFICULTIES >ISE AT DIFF]5T LEVEL ( AW>5ESS4 ,! REFUSAL ( ! GUIDE 9 SOME WAY CORRESPONDS TO ! REFUSAL ( ! FA!R4 ,! SELF-ORGANIZATION ( ! /RUGGLE NECESSITATES ! A PRIORI REFUSAL TO DIS*>GE ! RESPONSIBILITY ( /RUGGLES ON TO SOMEONE OR SOME?+4 ,IT IS ALWAYS ! LEVEL ( AW>5ESS ?AT IS GR[+4 

,! DEVELOPM5T ( ?IS AW>5ESS 9 ! 9DIVIDUAL LEADS TO :AT WE HAVE CALL$ REVOLUTION>Y ALI5ATION UND] ! CONDITIONS EXAM9$ ABOVE4 ,! DEVELOP+ ( ! SELF-ORGANIZATION ( /RUGGLES DET]M9ES A TRANSI5T FEEL+ ( DISCOM=T1 SUFF]+1 DESPOND5CY 9 ! MASS ?AT CAN BE COMP>$ TO ?AT ( REVOLUTION>Y ALI5ATION AT A DIFF]5T LEVEL4 

,BUT1 :]EAS FROM ! PO9T ( VIEW ( ! 9DIVIDUAL !RE IS ONLY ONE SEQU5CE ( POSSIBILITIES & AN UNN]V+ NE$ = REVOLUTION>Y TOTALITY1 FROM ! PO9T ( VIEW ( ! SELF-ORGANIZ+ MASS !RE IS A PROGRESSIVE ID5TIFICATION ) A NE$ ?AT IS BECOM+ CLE>4 ,9 ?IS CASE SUFF]+ & DISCOM=T IS ! DISCOV]Y ( SOME?+ ?AT EXI/S1 NO MATT] H[ SMALL1 NOT SOME?+ ?AT WILL BECOME1 BECAUSE ANY?+ ?AT IS PROJECT$ 9TO ! FUTURE 7/>T+ FROM ! NECESSITY ( ! PRES5T7 IS M]ELY QUANTITATIVE GR[?4 

,SO ! SUFF]+ ( ! 9DIVIDUAL COMES FROM LACK ( QUALITY 7REVOLUTION>Y TOTALITY71 A LACK ?AT (F]S AN 9F9ITE S]IES ( POSSIBILITIES ?AT PROJECT !MSELVES ON TO ! NE$ = ! SELF-ORGANIZATION ( ! MASS4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 ! MASS >E EXP]I5C+ A /IRR+-UP1 DISCOM=T1 REAL SUFF]+1 BECAUSE !Y >E BEG9N+ TO DISCOV] ! FACT ( SELF-ORGANIZATION4 

,?IS DUAL SITUATION ( DISCOM=T *>ACT]IZES ! 0HUMAN0 FIELD ( ! REVOLUTION>Y CLA% & SUPPLIES US ) ! KEY = SOLV+ ! PROBLEM ( ! VANGU>D4 ,BE=E FAC+ ?IS F9AL QUE/ION IT IS NECESS>Y TO CL>IFY ! /RUCTURAL RELATION%IP ?AT EXI/S BETWE5 9DIVIDUAL1 M9ORITY & MASS & EXAM9E ! T5SION ?AT EM]GES FROM IT4 

,REVOLUTION>Y T5SION 

,9DIVIDUAL ACTIVITY CANNOT BE SE5 AS SOME?+ AUTONOM\S />T+ FROM :I* REALITY BECOMES ?9KABLE ?R\< ITS ORGANIZATION ( ! /RUGGLE4 ,!RE IS NO SU* ?+ AS A HOMOG5EITY ( 9T5T4 ,9 OBS]V+ ! ATTITUDES & ACTIVITIES ( ! S+LE 9DIVIDUAL ONE CANNOT RECON/RUCT REALITY SIMPLY ) AN ADJUNCTIVE ACTION4 ,! CONTRADICTOR9ESS ( ! LATT] IS F> MORE COMPLEX ?AN ?AT ( ! 9DIVIDUAL &1 MOREOV]1 IS SU/A9$ BY DIFF]5T /RUCTURES4 ,:ILE ! 9DIVIDUAL1 ?R\< AW>5ESS ( ONESELF1 CAN REA* REVOLUTION>Y POSSIBILITY & ! NE$ = REVOLUTION>Y TOTALITY 7H5CE ALI5ATION & ITS OV]COM+ 9 REVOLUTION>Y T5SION72 ! SECOND1 ?R\< SELF-ORGANIZATION1 REA*ES REVOLUTION>Y NECESSITY DIRECTLY1 SO ! GR[? ( A FIR/ NUCLEUS1 NO MATT] H[ SMALL1 IS ALREADY ! REVOLUTION>Y TOTALITY AT DISPOSITION4 

,WE >E FAC$ ) T5D5CIES GO+ 9 TWO DIFF]5T DIRECTIONS ?AT MI<T NEV] MEET1 AT LEA/ 9 ! S5SE ( ELIM9AT+ DIFF]5CES & CREAT+ LIB]AT$ REALITY BEYOND ! REALITY ( ! /RUGGLES4 ,9 FACT ! O!R 5C\NT]1 ?AT ( ! GUIDE & ! P>TY ) ! M9ORITY 9 ! LEAD AS MEMORY & REVOLUTION>Y RES]VOIR ( ! MASS1 IS NOT A REAL 5C\NT] BUT ! D5IAL ( ! V]Y CONCEPT ( 5C\NT] FROM ! REVOLUTION>Y PO9T ( VIEW4 

,9 FACT1 REVOLUTION>Y TOTALITY1 ! NEW SOCIETY1 IS NOT DET]M9I/ICALLY C]TA94 ,P]HAPS OBSCURANTI/S WILL ALWAYS MANAGE TO PREVAIL & =CE ! REVOLUTION>Y PROJECT BACK1 DE/ROY+ PROGRESS & REE/ABLI%+ B>B>ITY4 ,?IS NOTE ( PREC>ITY & 9/ABILITY IS ALSO TO BE F\ND 9 REVOLUTION>Y T5SION1 R5D]+ NECESS>Y A CONT9UAL EF=T ( ASSESSM5T1 V]IFICATION1 PRECISION4 

,! PRES5CE & DEVELOPM5T ( SELF-ORGANIZ$ =MS ( /RUGGLE >E NOT SUFFICI5T TO GU>ANTEE ! F9AL RESOLUTION ( !ORY 9 PRAXIS1 !IR UNIFICATION 9 ! LIB]AT$ SOCIETY4 ,IT IS ONLY A QUE/ION ( A T5D5CY1 9CLUD+ 9 ?IS CONCEPT ! PR(\ND S5SE ( SUFF]+ D]IV$ FROM ! GE/ATION ( NEW =MS ( /RUGGLE4 ,ALL ?IS PRODUCES A /ATE ( T5SION1 ( RE/LESSNESS1 9 ! MOVEM5T ( ! EXPLOIT$4 ,NEW =CES >ISE1 NEW NE$S EM]GE1 IDEALS & IDOLS ( ! PA/ >E DE/ROY$4 

,! T5SION ( ! MOVEM5T ( ! EXPLOIT$ >ISES FROM ! AW>5ESS ( ! DISCREPANCY BETWE5 ONE'S BE+ !ORY1 & ONE'S REALIZATION 9 PRACTICE4 ,?IS CONTRADICTION AFFECTS ! MOVEM5T DEEPLY1 (T5 UNLEA%+ ONE P>T ( IT AGA9/ ! O!R1 ?US PLAY+ ! GAME ( ! =CES ( P[]4 ,BUT ?IS T5SION IS VITAL1 IT IS ! ESS5TIAL /R5G? ( COORD9ATION T[>DS ! FUTURE4 ,IT IS FROM )9 IT ?AT ! DE/RUCTIVE & CREATIVE CAPACITIES ( ! REVOLUTION EXPLODE4 

,! AN>*I/ M9ORITY ALSO C>RY A PR(\ND LAC]ATION4 ,! RIGIDITY ( ! CLOS$ MODEL SE5 AS ! REPRODUCTION ( REVOLUTION>Y TOTALITY RISKS DEPRIV+ IT ( ! QUALITY ( ! REVOLUTION1 ?AT IS ( ! NEW QUALITY ( LIFE4 ,ONLY BY ACCEPT+ ?IS R5UNCIATION & FALL+ VICTIM TO ! QUANTITATIVE ILLUSION WILL IT SUCCE$ 9 SIL5C+ ! 9TIMATE T5SION ?AT PLAGUES IT4 ,BUT 9 SO DO+ IT ALSO DE/ROYS ! MEAN+ ( ITS [N REVOLUTION>Y AN>*I/ PROJECT1 CUTT+ (F ANY REAL CONTACT ) ! MASSES4 ,NOT ONLY ?AT1 ITS MILITANTS1 AS 9DIVIDUALS CONSCI\S ( REVOLUTION>Y POSSIBILITY 9 ?AT !Y >E 7KN[+LY7 CUT \T ( ! REVOLUTION>Y TOTALITY1 >E P]SONALLY LIV+ ANO!R T5SION ?AT IS FELT ALL ! MORE BECAUSE IT T\*ES ! LIFE ( EA* ONE4 ,?IS O!R T5SION CANNOT BE SATISFI$ ) QUANTITATIVE GAMES1 GLOBALIZ+ ANALYZES OR MEMORIES ( ! PROLET>IAT4 ,IT NE$S TO ID5TIFY ITSELF 9 ANO!R1 /ILL WID]1 T5SION1 ?AT ( ! MASS ITSELF4 ,EI!R ! M9ORITY ACCEPTS LIV+ ! T5SION ( ! S+LE 9DIVIDUALS ?AT COMPOSE IT :ILE AT ! SAME TIME LIV+ ! T5SION ( ! MASS1 OR IT IS CONDEMN$ TO REMA9 A VANGU>D &1 AS SU*1 TO BECOME RESPONSIBLE = ALL ! CONSEQU5CES ?AT 5SUE4 

,CONSCI\SNESS ( REVOLUTION>Y T5SION IS ! FIR/ SIGN ( GO+ BEYOND ALI5ATION4 

,= ! MOVEM5T ( ! EXPLOIT$ ?IS CONSCI\SNESS EXPRESSES ITSELF 9 A MORE ORGANIC SE>* = ! SELF-ORGANIZATION ( /RUGGLES4 ,:AT WAS ONCE LO/ 9 ! 9DIVIDUAL BEHAVIOR ( ATOMIZ$ DEF5SE AGA9/ REPRESSION & EXPLOITATION1 AN 9DIVIDUAL REACTION 9 ORD] TO REEVALUATE ! LIFE EXT+UI%$ BY ! 9TEGRATIVE PROCESS ( CAPITALISM1 N[ BECOMES A QUANTIFY+ PROJECT4 ,! MOVEM5T ( ! EXPLOIT$ BEG9S TO GIVE ITSELF AN AUTONOM\S /RUCTURE1 IT />TS SEEK+ NEW 9T]NAL RELATIONS & L9KS4 ,9 ?IS RESE>* & REALIZATION T5SION BECOMES CON/RUCTION4 ,!ORY 9CREAS+LY TAKES =M & BEG9S TO RESEMBLE PRACTICE MORE & MORE4 

,= ! AN>*I/ M9ORITY1 ! AW>5ESS ( REVOLUTION>Y T5SION IS A SIGN ( MATURITY4 ,IT GRADUALLY RIDS ITSELF ( ! QUANTITATIVE ILLUSION1 ( FEEL+ ITSELF TO BE C>RI] ( 0TRU?01 AN 0EXT]NAL0 =CE1 A 0MEMORY04 ,?IS IS ONLY POSSIBLE ON CONDITION ?AT ! 9T]NAL T5SION BE LI<T5$1 ?AT ! S+LE MILITANTS SEE ! REVOLUTION>Y RELATION%IP POSSIBILITY-TOTALITY1 HAVE BE5 /RUGGL+ AGA9/ ALI5ATION & BE5 ABLE TO GO BEYOND IT 9 A P]SONAL T5SION4 ,! LATT] N[ REAPPE>S AT ! LEVEL ( A M9ORITY1 TO F9D ITS PLACE )9 ! WID] T5SION ( ! MOVEM5T ( ! EXPLOIT$1 ! ONLY DIM5SION 9 :I* IT IS POSSIBLE TO F9D A CON/RUCTIVE ROAD T[>DS QUANTITATIVE GR[?4 

,! SOLUTION ( ! PROBLEM ( ! VANGU>D 

,TO CONCLUDE1 WE CAN DEF9E ! VANGU>D AS AN 9VOLUTION1 A GIV+ 9 9 ! FACE ( ! REVOLUTION>Y AN>*I/ PROJECT4 ,N[ WE CAN SEE ?AT ! DEF9ITION 0AN ORGANIC :OLE COMPOS$ ( 9DIVIDUALS0 ?AT WE MADE AT ! BEG9N+ IS NO LONG] SUFFICI5T4 ,! ACTUAL COMPOSITION ( ! VANGU>D BECOMES LESS IMPORTANT 9 ! FACE ( ITS SIGNIFICANCE )9 ! COMPLEX FRAMEWORK ( REVOLUTION>Y RELATIONS4 ,! VANGU>D IS !RE=E AN ESCAPE FROM ! S5SATIONS ( SUFF]+ & PANIC ?AT >E CAUS$ BY REVOLUTION>Y ALI5ATION2 IT IS ! REFUSAL ( T5SION T[>DS ! MOVEM5T ( ! EXPLOIT$1 A T5SION ?AT ! LATT] DEVELOPS 9 ITS CONTRADICTORY RELATION%IP BETWE5 SELF-ORGANIZATION & DELEGATION ( ! /RUGGLE4 ,! VANGU>D TAKES ! PLACE ( ! QUANTITATIVE TASK ( ! MOVEM5T ( ! EXPLOIT$1 WANT+ TO REPRODUCE AT A R$UC$ LEVEL 7EI!R ) $IFY+ AIMS OR ) ! AIM ( DOM9ATION71 ! REALITY ( ! /RUGGLES AS A :OLE4 ,IT IS A DESIRE TO QUANTIFY ! UNQUANTIFIABLE4 ,IT IS A VIOL5T DE=MATION ( REVOLUTION>Y POSSIBILITY 9TO FICTITI\S NECESSITY 7TOTALITY74 ,! VANGU>D IS ! ACCEPTANCE ( A GLOBALIZ+ ANALYSIS ?AT CLAIMS TO 0TAKE ACC\NT ( EV]Y?+0 9 AN EXCLUSIVELY !ORETICAL FIELD1 FICTITI\SLY DO+ :AT ! MOVEM5T ( ! EXPLOIT$ BR+ AB\T 9 REALITY BY BECOM+ !ORY & PRAXIS AT ! SAME TIME4 

,ON ! CONTR>Y1 FULL KN[L$GE ( REVOLUTION>Y ALI5ATION ALL[S ACCESS TO 9DIVIDUAL REVOLUTION>Y T5SION1 :I* W\LD LOSE ITSELF 9 A PO/PONEM5T TO ! 9F9ITY ( ! TOTAL PROJECT ( ! REVOLUTION1 W]E IT NOT TO F9D ITS CORRECT DEVELOPM5T )9 ! T5SION ( ! M9ORITY4 ,IF ?IS GIVES UP 9 ! FACE ( OB/ACLES1 IT TRANS=MS ITSELF 9TO A VANGU>D & ACTS ACCORD+LY4 ,! T5SION ( ! M9ORITY EXT+UI%ES ITSELF 9 ! QUANTITATIVE ILLUSION & 9 ! ANALYTICAL PROJECT ?AT CLAIMS TO BE GLOBAL4 ,! T5SION ( ! 9DIVIDUAL REC$ES 9TO ! SUFF]+ ( ALI5ATION1 F9D+ COM=T 9 A ?\S& LITTLE FACETS ( ! QUANTITATIVE PROJECT CUT (F FROM ! MASS4 ,9 FACT1 ! MORE PRESS+ ! SUFF]+ CAUS$ BY REVOLUTION>Y ALI5ATION2 ! GREAT] ! DETA*M5T1 LOSS ( TOTALITY & ! QUALITY ( REVOLUTION1 ! MORE PALTRY ! 5GAGEM5T 9 QUANTITATIVE DAILY PRAXIS WILL BE 9 SOLV+ A GUILTY CONSCI5CE4 ,IF ! T5SION ( ! M9ORITY IS 9S]T$ )9 ! WID] T5SION ( ! MOVEM5T ( ! EXPLOIT$ A PO9T ( CONTACT IS MADE BETWE5 SELF-ORGANIZATION & DELEGATION ( /RUGGLES4 ,IT DEVELOPS A SOLICITATION = SELF-ORGANIZATION1 ADD+ ONE'S [N REVOLUTION>Y T5SION TO ?AT ( ! MOVEM5T ( ! EXPLOIT$1 DEVELOP+ ! AN>*I/ REVOLUTION>Y PROJECT FULLY 9 H>MONY ) ?IS MOVEM5T'S !ORY4 

,! MORE DETAIL & CL>IFICATION ?IS !ORY ACQUIRES2 ! MORE IT BECOMES CONSCI\S ( ITSELF1 ADVANCES 9 ! SELF-ORGANIZATION ( ! /RUGGLE1 GIVES ITSELF AN AUTONOM\S /RUCTURE1 CONNECTS 9T]NAL RELATIONS & E/ABLI%ES L9KS1 ! MORE IT WILL R5\NCE ! FALSE P]SPECTIVE ( ! DELEGATE 7P>TIES & UNIONS74 ,! TRADITIONAL FUNCTION ( ! AN>*I/ M9ORITY WILL DIM9I%1 &1 LOS+ ITS VALUE1 ITS REVOLUTION>Y T5SION WILL 9CREASE4 ,9 FACT1 ! AIM ( ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T IS TO CONTRIBUTE TO ! CON/RUCTION ( A SOCIETY 9 :I* !RE WILL NO LONG] BE EXPLOITATION4 ,& EXPLOITATION NO LONG] EXI/+1 !RE WILL NO LONG] BE A NE$ = ! POLITICAL /RUGGLE1 MOVEM5TS & CONSEQU5TLY NOT EV5 ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T4 

,! F9AL NEGATION ( ! AN>*I/ M9ORITY AS SU* WILL NOT BE ! DECISION ( A GR\P OR SOME?+ ?AT HAPP5S \TSIDE ! M9ORITY4 ,IT WILL BE ! REALIZATION ( REVOLUTION>Y T5SION 9 REVOLUTION>Y TOTALITY1 ! LIB]AT$ SOCIETY4 ,9 ?IS F9AL PHASE1 ! MOVEM5T ( ! EXPLOIT$ WILL REALIZE ITS [N !ORY 7?AT WILL NO LONG] DIFF] FROM ITS PRACTICE71 & ?R\< ?IS REALIZATION ! VICISSITUDES ( ! AN>*I/ M9ORITY WILL COME TO AN 5D4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #aigf 3 ,:Y A ,VANGU>D8 -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,APRIL #a#f1 #bb 3 ,:Y A ,VANGU>D8 -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #c1 #bbb 3 ,:Y A ,VANGU>D8 -- ,UPDAT$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/