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,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,B]TR& ,RUSSELL 

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,N,O POLITICAL !ORY IS ADEQUATE UNLESS IT IS APPLICABLE TO *ILDR5 AS WELL AS TO M5 & WOM54 ,!ORI/S >E MO/LY *ILDLESS1 OR1 IF !Y HAVE *ILDR51 !Y >E C>EFULLY SCRE5$ FROM ! DI/URBANCES :I* W\LD BE CAUS$ BY Y\?FUL TURMOIL4 ,SOME ( !M HAVE WRITT5 BOOKS ON $UCATION1 BUT )\T1 AS A-RULE1 HAV+ ANY ACTUAL *ILDR5 PRES5T TO !IR M9DS :ILE !Y WROTE4 ,?OSE $UCATIONAL !ORI/S :O HAVE HAD A KN[L$GE ( *ILDR51 SU* AS ! 9V5TORS ( ,K9D]G>T5 & ! ,MONTESSORI SY/EM1.<#a.> HAVE NOT ALWAYS HAD 5\< REALIZATION ( ! ULTIMATE GOAL ( $UCATION TO BE ABLE TO DEAL SUCCESSFULLY ) ADVANC$ 9/RUCTION4 ,I HAVE NOT ! KN[L$GE EI!R ( *ILDR5 OR ( $UCATION :I* W\LD 5ABLE ME TO SUPPLY :ATEV] DEFECTS !RE MAY BE 9 ! WRIT+S ( O!RS4 ,BUT SOME QUE/IONS1 CONC]N+ $UCATION AS A POLITICAL 9/ITUTION1 >E 9VOLV$ 9 ANY HOPE ( SOCIAL RECON/RUCTION1 & >E NOT USUALLY CONSID]$ BY WRIT]S ON $UCATIONAL !ORY4 ,IT IS !SE QUE/IONS ?AT ,I WI% TO DISCUSS4 

,! P[] ( $UCATION 9 =M+ *>ACT] & OP9ION IS V]Y GREAT & V]Y G5]ALLY RECOGNIZ$4 ,! G5U9E BELIEFS1 ?\< NOT USUALLY ! PR(ESS$ PRECEPTS1 ( P>5TS & TEA*]S >E ALMO/ UNCONSCI\SLY ACQUIR$ BY MO/ *ILDR52 & EV5 IF !Y DEP>T FROM !SE BELIEFS 9 LAT] LIFE1 SOME?+ ( !M REMA9S DEEPLY IMPLANT$1 READY TO EM]GE 9 A TIME ( /RESS OR CRISIS4 ,$UCATION IS1 AS A RULE1 ! /RONGE/ =CE ON ! SIDE ( :AT EXI/S & AGA9/ FUNDAM5TAL *ANGE3 ?REAT5$ 9/ITUTIONS1 :ILE !Y >E /ILL P[]FUL1 POSSESS !MSELVES ( ! $UCATIONAL MA*9E1 & 9/ILL A RESPECT = !IR [N EXCELL5CE 9TO ! MALLEABLE M9DS ( ! Y\NG4 ,RE=M]S RETORT BY TRY+ TO \/ !IR OPPON5TS FROM !IR POSITION ( VANTAGE4 ,! *ILDR5 !MSELVES >E NOT CONSID]$ BY EI!R P>TY2 !Y >E M]ELY SO MU* MAT]IAL1 TO BE RECRUIT$ 9TO ONE >MY OR ! O!R4 ,IF ! *ILDR5 !MSELVES W]E CONSID]$1 $UCATION W\LD NOT AIM AT MAK+ !M BELONG TO ?IS P>TY OR ?AT1 BUT AT 5ABL+ !M TO *OOSE 9TELLIG5TLY BETWE5 ! P>TIES2 IT W\LD AIM AT MAK+ !M ABLE TO ?9K1 NOT AT MAK+ !M ?9K :AT !IR TEA*]S ?9K4 ,$UCATION AS A POLITICAL WEAPON C\LD NOT EXI/ IF WE RESPECT$ ! RI<TS ( *ILDR54 ,IF WE RESPECT$ ! RI<TS ( *ILDR51 WE %\LD $UCATE !M SO AS TO GIVE !M ! KN[L$GE & ! M5TAL HABITS REQUIR$ = =M+ 9DEP5D5T OP9IONS2 BUT $UCATION AS A POLITICAL 9/ITUTION 5DEAVORS TO =M HABITS & TO CIRCUMSCRIBE KN[L$GE 9 SU* A WAY AS TO MAKE ONE SET ( OP9IONS 9EVITABLE4 

,! TWO PR9CIPLES ( JU/ICE & LIB]TY1 :I* COV] A V]Y GREAT DEAL ( ! SOCIAL RECON/RUCTION REQUIR$1 >E NOT BY !MSELVES SUFFICI5T :]E $UCATION IS CONC]N$4 ,JU/ICE1 9 ! LIT]AL S5SE ( EQUAL RI<TS1 IS OBVI\SLY NOT :OLLY POSSIBLE AS REG>DS *ILDR54 ,& AS = LIB]TY1 IT IS1 TO BEG9 )1 ESS5TIALLY NEGATIVE3 IT CONDEMNS ALL AVOIDABLE 9T]F]5CE ) FRE$OM1 )\T GIV+ A POSITIVE PR9CIPLE ( CON/RUCTION4 ,BUT $UCATION IS ESS5TIALLY CON/RUCTIVE1 & REQUIRES SOME POSITIVE CONCEPTION ( :AT CON/ITUTES A GOOD LIFE4 ,& AL?\< LIB]TY IS TO BE RESPECT$ 9 $UCATION AS MU* AS IS COMPATIBLE ) 9/RUCTION1 & AL?\< A V]Y GREAT DEAL MORE LIB]TY ?AN IS CU/OM>Y CAN BE ALL[$ ) \T LOSE TO 9/RUCTION1 YET IT IS CLE> ?AT SOME DEP>TURE FROM COMPLETE LIB]TY IS UNAVOIDABLE IF *ILDR5 >E TO BE TAU<T ANY?+1 EXCEPT 9 ! CASE ( UNUSUALLY 9TELLIG5T *ILDR5 :O >E KEPT ISOLAT$ FROM MORE NORMAL COMPANIONS4 ,?IS IS ONE REASON = ! GREAT RESPONSIBILITY :I* RE/S UPON TEA*]S3 ! *ILDR5 MU/1 NECESS>ILY1 BE MORE OR LESS AT ! M]CY ( !IR ELD]S1 & CANNOT MAKE !MSELVES ! GU>DIANS ( !IR [N 9T]E/S4 ,AU?ORITY 9 $UCATION IS TO SOME EXT5T UNAVOIDABLE1 & ?OSE :O $UCATE HAVE TO F9D A WAY ( EX]CIS+ AU?ORITY 9 ACCORDANCE ) ! SPIRIT ( LIB]TY4 

,:]E AU?ORITY IS UNAVOIDABLE1 :AT IS NE$$ IS REV]5CE4 ,A MAN :O IS TO $UCATE REALLY WELL1 & IS TO MAKE ! Y\NG GR[ & DEVELOP 9TO !IR FULL /ATURE1 MU/ BE FILL$ ?R\< & ?R\< ) ! SPIRIT ( REV]5CE4 ,IT IS REV]5CE T[>DS O!RS ?AT IS LACK+ 9 ?OSE :O ADVOCATE MA*9E-MADE CA/-IRON SY/EMS3 MILIT>ISM1 CAPITALISM1 ,FABIAN SCI5TIFIC ORGANIZATION1 & ALL ! O!R PRISONS 9TO :I* RE=M]S & REACTION>IES TRY TO =CE ! HUMAN SPIRIT4 ,9 $UCATION1 ) ITS CODES ( RULES EMANAT+ FROM A ,GOV]NM5T (FICE1 ITS L>GE CLASSES & FIX$ CURRICULUM & OV]WORK$ TEA*]S1 ITS DET]M9ATION TO PRODUCE A DEAD LEVEL ( GLIB M$IOCRITY1 ! LACK ( REV]5CE = ! *ILD IS ALL BUT UNIV]SAL4 ,REV]5CE REQUIRES IMAG9ATION & VITAL W>M?2 IT REQUIRES MO/ IMAG9ATION 9 RESPECT ( ?OSE :O HAVE LEA/ ACTUAL A*IEVEM5T OR P[]4 ,! *ILD IS WEAK & SUP]FICIALLY FOOLI%1 ! TEA*] IS /RONG1 & 9 AN EV]YDAY S5SE WIS] ?AN ! *ILD4 ,! TEA*] )\T REV]5CE1 OR ! BUREAUCRAT )\T REV]5CE1 EASILY DESPISES ! *ILD = !SE \TW>D 9F]IORITIES4 ,HE ?9KS IT IS HIS DUTY TO 0MOLD0 ! *ILD3 9 IMAG9ATION HE IS ! POTT] ) ! CLAY4 ,& SO HE GIVES TO ! *ILD SOME UNNATURAL %APE1 :I* H>D5S ) AGE1 PRODUC+ /RA9S & SPIRITUAL DISSATISFACTIONS1 \T ( :I* GR[ CRUELTY & 5VY1 & ! BELIEF ?AT O!RS MU/ BE COMPELL$ TO UND]GO ! SAME DI/ORTIONS4 

,! MAN :O HAS REV]5CE WILL NOT ?9K IT HIS DUTY TO 0MOLD0 ! Y\NG4 ,HE FEELS 9 ALL ?AT LIVES1 BUT ESPECIALLY 9 HUMAN BE+S1 & MO/ ( ALL 9 *ILDR51 SOME?+ SACR$1 9DEF9ABLE1 UNLIMIT$1 SOME?+ 9DIVIDUAL & /RANGELY PRECI\S1 ! GR[+ PR9CIPLE ( LIFE1 AN EMBODI$ FRAGM5T ( ! DUMB /RIV+ ( ! WORLD4 ,9 ! PRES5CE ( A *ILD HE FEELS AN UNACC\NTABLE HUMILITY--A HUMILITY NOT EASILY DEF5SIBLE ON ANY RATIONAL GR\ND1 & YET SOMEH[ NE>] TO WISDOM ?AN ! EASY SELF-CONFID5CE ( MANY P>5TS & TEA*]S4 ,! \TW>D HELPLESSNESS ( ! *ILD & ! APPEAL ( DEP5D5CE MAKE HIM CONSCI\S ( ! RESPONSIBILITY ( A TRU/4 ,HIS IMAG9ATION %[S HIM :AT ! *ILD MAY BECOME1 = GOOD OR EVIL1 H[ ITS IMPULSES MAY BE DEVELOP$ OR ?W>T$1 H[ ITS HOPES MU/ BE DIMM$ & ! LIFE 9 IT GR[ LESS LIV+1 H[ ITS TRU/ WILL BE BRUIS$ & ITS QUICK DESIRES REPLAC$ BY BROOD+ WILL4 ,ALL ?IS GIVES HIM A LONG+ TO HELP ! *ILD 9 ITS [N BATTLE2 HE W\LD EQUIP & /R5G!N IT1 NOT = SOME \TSIDE 5D PROPOS$ BY ! ,/ATE OR BY ANY O!R IMP]SONAL AU?ORITY1 BUT = ! 5DS :I* ! *ILD'S [N SPIRIT IS OBSCURELY SEEK+4 ,! MAN :O FEELS ?IS CAN WIELD ! AU?ORITY ( AN $UCATOR )\T 9FR++ ! PR9CIPLE ( LIB]TY4 

,IT IS NOT 9 A SPIRIT ( REV]5CE ?AT $UCATION IS CONDUCT$ BY ,/ATES & ,*UR*ES & ! GREAT 9/ITUTIONS ?AT >E SUBS]VI5T TO !M4 ,:AT IS CONSID]$ 9 $UCATION IS H>DLY EV] ! BOY OR GIRL1 ! Y\NG MAN OR Y\NG WOMAN1 BUT ALMO/ ALWAYS1 9 SOME =M1 ! MA9T5ANCE ( ! EXI/+ ORD]4 ,:5 ! 9DIVIDUAL IS CONSID]$1 IT IS ALMO/ EXCLUSIVELY ) A VIEW TO WORLDLY SUCCESS--MAK+ MONEY OR A*IEV+ A GOOD POSITION4 ,TO BE ORD9>Y1 & TO ACQUIRE ! >T ( GETT+ ON1 IS ! IDEAL :I* IS SET BE=E ! Y\?FUL M9D1 EXCEPT BY A FEW R>E TEA*]S :O HAVE 5\< 5]GY ( BELIEF TO BREAK ?R\< ! SY/EM )9 :I* !Y >E EXPECT$ TO WORK4 ,ALMO/ ALL $UCATION HAS A POLITICAL MOTIVE3 IT AIMS AT /R5G!N+ SOME GR\P1 NATIONAL OR RELIGI\S OR EV5 SOCIAL1 9 ! COMPETITION ) O!R GR\PS4 ,IT IS ?IS MOTIVE1 9 ! MA91 :I* DET]M9ES ! SUBJECTS TAU<T1 ! KN[L$GE (F]$ & ! KN[L$GE )HELD1 & ALSO DECIDES :AT M5TAL HABITS ! PUPILS >E EXPECT$ TO ACQUIRE4 ,H>DLY ANY?+ IS DONE TO FO/] ! 9W>D GR[? ( M9D & SPIRIT2 9 FACT1 ?OSE :O HAVE HAD MO/ $UCATION >E V]Y (T5 ATROPHI$ 9 !IR M5TAL & SPIRITUAL LIFE1 DEVOID ( IMPULSE1 & POSSESS+ ONLY C]TA9 ME*ANICAL APTITUDES :I* TAKE ! PLACE ( LIV+ ?\<T4 

,SOME ( ! ?+S :I* $UCATION A*IEVES AT PRES5T MU/ CONT9UE TO BE A*IEV$ BY $UCATION 9 ANY CIVILIZ$ C\NTRY4 ,ALL *ILDR5 MU/ CONT9UE TO BE TAU<T H[ TO READ & WRITE1 & SOME MU/ CONT9UE TO ACQUIRE ! KN[L$GE NE$$ = SU* PR(ESSIONS AS M$IC9E OR LAW OR 5G9E]+4 ,! HI<] $UCATION REQUIR$ = ! SCI5CES & ! >TS IS NECESS>Y = ?OSE TO :OM IT IS SUIT$4 ,EXCEPT 9 HI/ORY & RELIGION & K9DR$ MATT]S1 ! ACTUAL 9/RUCTION IS ONLY 9ADEQUATE1 NOT POSITIVELY H>MFUL4 ,! 9/RUCTION MI<T BE GIV5 9 A MORE LIB]AL SPIRIT1 ) MORE ATTEMPT TO %[ ITS ULTIMATE USES2 & ( C\RSE MU* ( IT IS TRADITIONAL & DEAD4 ,BUT 9 ! MA9 IT IS NECESS>Y1 & W\LD HAVE TO =M A P>T ( ANY $UCATIONAL SY/EM4 

,IT IS 9 HI/ORY & RELIGION & O!R CONTROV]SIAL SUBJECTS ?AT ! ACTUAL 9/RUCTION IS POSITIVELY H>MFUL4 ,!SE SUBJECTS T\* ! 9T]E/S BY :I* S*OOLS >E MA9TA9$2 & ! 9T]E/S MA9TA9 ! S*OOLS 9 ORD] ?AT C]TA9 VIEWS ON !SE SUBJECTS MAY BE 9/ILL$4 ,HI/ORY1 9 EV]Y C\NTRY1 IS SO TAU<T AS TO MAGNIFY ?AT C\NTRY3 *ILDR5 LE>N TO BELIEVE ?AT !IR [N C\NTRY HAS ALWAYS BE5 9 ! RI<T & ALMO/ ALWAYS VICTORI\S1 ?AT IT HAS PRODUC$ ALMO/ ALL ! GREAT M51 & ?AT IT IS 9 ALL RESPECTS SUP]IOR TO ALL O!R C\NTRIES4 ,S9CE !SE BELIEFS >E FLATT]+1 !Y >E EASILY ABSORB$1 & H>DLY EV] DISLODG$ FROM 9/9CT BY LAT] KN[L$GE4 

,TO TAKE A SIMPLE & ALMO/ TRIVIAL EXAMPLE3 ! FACTS AB\T ! BATTLE ( ,WAT]LOO >E KN[N 9 GREAT DETAIL & ) M9UTE ACCURACY2 BUT ! FACTS AS TAU<T 9 ELEM5T>Y S*OOLS WILL BE WIDELY DIFF]5T 9 ,5GL&1 ,FRANCE1 & ,G]MANY4 ,! ORD9>Y ,5GLI% BOY IMAG9ES ?AT ! ,PRUSSIANS PLAY$ H>DLY ANY P>T2 ! ORD9>Y ,G]MAN BOY IMAG9ES ?AT ,WELL+TON WAS PRACTICALLY DEFEAT$ :5 ! DAY WAS RETRIEV$ BY ,BLU*]'S GALLANTRY4 ,IF ! FACTS W]E TAU<T ACCURATELY 9 BO? C\NTRIES1 NATIONAL PRIDE W\LD NOT BE FO/]$ TO ! SAME EXT5T1 NEI!R NATION W\LD FEEL SO C]TA9 ( VICTORY 9 ! EV5T ( W>1 & ! WILL+NESS TO FI<T W\LD BE DIM9I%$4 ,IT IS ?IS RESULT :I* HAS TO BE PREV5T$4 ,EV]Y ,/ATE WI%ES TO PROMOTE NATIONAL PRIDE1 & IS CONSCI\S ?AT ?IS CANNOT BE DONE BY UNBIAS$ HI/ORY4 ,! DEF5SELESS *ILDR5 >E TAU<T BY DI/ORTIONS & SUPPRESSIONS & SUGGE/IONS4 ,! FALSE IDEAS AS TO ! HI/ORY ( ! WORLD :I* >E TAU<T 9 ! V>I\S C\NTRIES >E ( A K9D :I* 5C\RAGES /RIFE & S]VES TO KEEP ALIVE A BIGOT$ NATIONALISM4 ,IF GOOD RELATIONS BETWE5 ,/ATES W]E DESIR$1 ONE ( ! FIR/ /EPS \<T TO BE TO SUBMIT ALL TEA*+ ( HI/ORY TO AN 9T]NATIONAL COMMISSION1 :I* %\LD PRODUCE NEUTRAL TEXTBOOKS FREE FROM ! PATRIOTIC BIAS :I* IS N[ DEM&$ EV]Y:]E4.<#b.> 

,EXACTLY ! SAME ?+ APPLIES TO RELIGION4 ,ELEM5T>Y S*OOLS >E PRACTICALLY ALWAYS 9 ! H&S EI!R ( SOME RELIGI\S BODY OR ( A ,/ATE :I* HAS A C]TA9 ATTITUDE T[>DS RELIGION4 ,A RELIGI\S BODY EXI/S ?R\< ! FACT ?AT ITS MEMB]S ALL HAVE C]TA9 DEF9ITE BELIEFS ON SUBJECTS AS TO :I* ! TRU? IS NOT ASC]TA9ABLE4 ,S*OOLS CONDUCT$ BY RELIGI\S BODIES HAVE TO PREV5T ! Y\NG1 :O >E (T5 9QUIR+ BY NATURE1 FROM DISCOV]+ ?AT !SE DEF9ITE BELIEFS >E OPPOS$ BY O!RS :I* >E NO MORE UNREASONABLE1 & ?AT MANY ( ! M5 BE/ QUALIFI$ TO JUDGE ?9K ?AT !RE IS NO GOOD EVID5CE 9 FAVOR ( ANY DEF9ITE BELIEF4 ,:5 ! ,/ATE IS MILITANTLY SECUL>1 AS 9 ,FRANCE1 ,/ATE S*OOLS BECOME AS DOGMATIC AS ?OSE ?AT >E 9 ! H&S ( ! ,*UR*ES 7,I UND]/& ?AT ! WORD 0,GOD0 MU/ NOT BE M5TION$ 9 A ,FR5* ELEM5T>Y S*OOL74 ,! RESULT 9 ALL !SE CASES IS ! SAME3 FREE 9QUIRY IS *ECK$1 & ON ! MO/ IMPORTANT MATT] 9 ! WORLD ! *ILD IS MET ) DOGMA OR ) /ONY SIL5CE4 

,IT IS NOT ONLY 9 ELEM5T>Y $UCATION ?AT !SE EVILS EXI/4 ,9 MORE ADVANC$ $UCATION !Y TAKE SUBTL] =MS1 & !RE IS MORE ATTEMPT TO CONCEAL !M1 BUT !Y >E /ILL PRES5T4 ,ETON & ,OX=D SET A C]TA9 /AMP UPON A MAN'S M9D1 JU/ AS A ,JESUIT ,COLLEGE DOES4 ,IT CAN H>DLY BE SAID ?AT ,ETON & ,OX=D HAVE A CONSCI\S PURPOSE1 BUT !Y HAVE A PURPOSE :I* IS NONE ! LESS /RONG & EFFECTIVE = NOT BE+ =MULAT$4 ,9 ALMO/ ALL :O HAVE BE5 ?R\< !M !Y PRODUCE A WOR%IP ( 0GOOD =M10 :I* IS AS DE/RUCTIVE TO LIFE & ?\<T AS ! M$IEVAL ,*UR*4 0,GOOD =M0 IS QUITE COMPATIBLE ) A SUP]FICIAL OP5-M9D$NESS1 A READ9ESS TO HE> ALL SIDES1 & A C]TA9 URBANITY T[>DS OPPON5TS4 ,BUT IT IS NOT COMPATIBLE ) FUNDAM5TAL OP5-M9D$NESS1 OR ) ANY 9W>D READ9ESS TO GIVE WEI<T TO ! O!R SIDE4 ,ITS ESS5CE IS ! ASSUMPTION ?AT :AT IS MO/ IMPORTANT IS A C]TA9 K9D ( BEHAVIOR1 A BEHAVIOR :I* M9IMIZES FRICTION BETWE5 EQUALS & DELICATELY IMPRESSES 9F]IORS ) A CONVICTION ( !IR [N CRUDITY4 ,AS A POLITICAL WEAPON = PRES]V+ ! PRIVILEGES ( ! RI* 9 A SNOBBI% DEMOCRACY IT IS UNSURPASSABLE4 ,AS A MEANS ( PRODUC+ AN AGREEABLE SOCIAL MILIEU = ?OSE :O HAVE MONEY ) NO /RONG BELIEFS OR UNUSUAL DESIRES IT HAS SOME M]IT4 ,9 EV]Y O!R RESPECT IT IS ABOM9ABLE4 

,! EVILS ( 0GOOD =M0 >ISE FROM TWO S\RCES3 ITS P]FECT ASSURANCE ( ITS [N RI<TNESS1 & ITS BELIEF ?AT CORRECT MANN]S >E MORE TO BE DESIR$ ?AN 9TELLECT1 OR >TI/IC CREATION1 OR VITAL 5]GY1 OR ANY ( ! O!R S\RCES ( PROGRESS 9 ! WORLD4 ,P]FECT ASSURANCE1 BY ITSELF1 IS 5\< TO DE/ROY ALL M5TAL PROGRESS 9 ?OSE :O HAVE IT4 ,& :5 IT IS COMB9$ ) CONTEMPT = ! ANGUL>ITIES & AWKW>DNESSES ?AT >E ALMO/ 9V>IABLY ASSOCIAT$ ) GREAT M5TAL P[]1 IT BECOMES A S\RCE ( DE/RUCTION TO ALL :O COME 9 CONTACT ) IT4 0,GOOD =M0 IS ITSELF DEAD & 9CAPABLE ( GR[?2 & BY ITS ATTITUDE TO ?OSE :O >E )\T IT IT SPREADS ITS [N DEA? TO MANY :O MI<T O!RWISE HAVE LIFE4 ,! H>M :I* IT HAS DONE TO WELL-TO-DO ,5GLI% M51 & TO M5 :OSE ABILITIES HAVE L$ ! WELL-TO-DO TO NOTICE !M1 IS 9CALCULABLE4 

,! PREV5TION ( FREE 9QUIRY IS UNAVOIDABLE SO LONG AS ! PURPOSE ( $UCATION IS TO PRODUCE BELIEF RA!R ?AN ?\<T1 TO COMPEL ! Y\NG TO HOLD POSITIVE OP9IONS ON D\BTFUL MATT]S RA!R ?AN TO LET !M SEE ! D\BTFULNESS & BE 5C\RAG$ TO 9DEP5D5CE ( M9D4 ,$UCATION \<T TO FO/] ! WI% = TRU?1 NOT ! CONVICTION ?AT SOME P>TICUL> CRE$ IS ! TRU?4 ,BUT IT IS CRE$S ?AT HOLD M5 TOGE!R 9 FI<T+ ORGANIZATIONS3 ,*UR*ES1 ,/ATES1 POLITICAL P>TIES4 ,IT IS 9T5SITY ( BELIEF 9 A CRE$ ?AT PRODUCES EFFICI5CY 9 FI<T+3 VICTORY COMES TO ?OSE :O FEEL ! /RONGE/ C]TA9TY AB\T MATT]S ON :I* D\BT IS ! ONLY RATIONAL ATTITUDE4 ,TO PRODUCE ?IS 9T5SITY ( BELIEF & ?IS EFFICI5CY 9 FI<T+1 ! *ILD'S NATURE IS W>P$1 & ITS FREE \TLOOK IS CRAMP$1 BY CULTIVAT+ 9HIBITIONS AS A *ECK TO ! GR[? ( NEW IDEAS4 ,9 ?OSE :OSE M9DS >E NOT V]Y ACTIVE ! RESULT IS ! OMNIPOT5CE ( PREJUDICE2 :ILE ! FEW :OSE ?\<T CANNOT BE :OLLY KILL$ BECOME CYNICAL1 9TELLECTUALLY HOPELESS1 DE/RUCTIVELY CRITICAL1 ABLE TO MAKE ALL ?AT IS LIV+ SEEM FOOLI%1 UNABLE !MSELVES TO SUPPLY ! CREATIVE IMPULSES :I* !Y DE/ROY 9 O!RS4 

,! SUCCESS 9 FI<T+ :I* IS A*IEV$ BY SUPPRESS+ FRE$OM ( ?\<T IS BRIEF & V]Y WOR?LESS4 ,9 ! LONG RUN M5TAL VIGOR IS AS ESS5TIAL TO SUCCESS AS IT IS TO A GOOD LIFE4 ,! CONCEPTION ( $UCATION AS A =M ( DRILL1 A MEANS ( PRODUC+ UNANIMITY ?R\< SLAVI%NESS1 IS V]Y COMMON1 & IS DEF5D$ *IEFLY ON ! GR\ND ?AT IT LEADS TO VICTORY4 ,?OSE :O 5JOY P>ALLELS FROM ANCI5T HI/ORY WILL PO9T TO ! VICTORY ( ,SP>TA OV] ,A!NS TO 5=CE !IR MORAL4 ,BUT IT IS ,A!NS ?AT HAS HAD P[] OV] M5'S ?\<TS & IMAG9ATIONS1 NOT ,SP>TA3 ANY ONE ( US1 IF WE C\LD BE BORN AGA9 9TO SOME PA/ EPO*1 W\LD RA!R BE BORN AN ,A!NIAN ?AN A ,SP>TAN4 ,& 9 ! MOD]N WORLD SO MU* 9TELLECT IS REQUIR$ 9 PRACTICAL AFFAIRS ?AT EV5 ! EXT]NAL VICTORY IS MORE LIKELY TO BE WON BY 9TELLIG5CE ?AN BY DOCILITY4 ,$UCATION 9 CR$ULITY LEADS BY QUICK /AGES TO M5TAL DECAY2 IT IS ONLY BY KEEP+ ALIVE ! SPIRIT ( FREE 9QUIRY ?AT ! 9DISP5SABLE M9IMUM ( PROGRESS CAN BE A*IEV$4 

,C]TA9 M5TAL HABITS >E COMMONLY 9/ILL$ BY ?OSE :O >E 5GAG$ 9 $UCAT+3 OB$I5CE & DISCIPL9E1 RU?LESSNESS 9 ! /RUGGLE = WORLDLY SUCCESS1 CONTEMPT T[>DS OPPOS+ GR\PS1 & AN UNQUE/ION+ CR$ULITY1 A PASSIVE ACCEPTANCE ( ! TEA*]'S WISDOM4 ,ALL !SE HABITS >E AGA9/ LIFE4 ,9/EAD ( OB$I5CE & DISCIPL9E1 WE \<T TO AIM AT PRES]V+ 9DEP5D5CE & IMPULSE4 ,9/EAD ( RU?LESSNESS1 $UCATION %\LD TRY TO DEVELOP JU/ICE 9 ?\<T4 ,9/EAD ( CONTEMPT1 IT \<T TO 9/ILL REV]5CE1 & ! ATTEMPT AT UND]/&+2 T[>DS ! OP9IONS ( O!RS IT \<T TO PRODUCE1 NOT NECESS>ILY ACQUIESC5CE1 BUT ONLY SU* OPPOSITION AS IS COMB9$ ) IMAG9ATIVE APPREH5SION & A CLE> REALIZATION ( ! GR\NDS = OPPOSITION4 ,9/EAD ( CR$ULITY1 ! OBJECT %\LD BE TO /IMULATE CON/RUCTIVE D\BT1 ! LOVE ( M5TAL ADV5TURE1 ! S5SE ( WORLDS TO CONQU] BY 5T]PRISE & BOLDNESS 9 ?\<T4 ,CONT5TM5T ) ! /ATUS QUO1 & SUBORD9ATION ( ! 9DIVIDUAL PUPIL TO POLITICAL AIMS1 [+ TO ! 9DIFF]5CE TO ! ?+S ( ! M9D1 >E ! IMM$IATE CAUSES ( !SE EVILS2 BUT B5EA? !SE CAUSES !RE IS ONE MORE FUNDAM5TAL1 ! FACT ?AT $UCATION IS TREAT$ AS A MEANS ( ACQUIR+ P[] OV] ! PUPIL1 NOT AS A MEANS ( N\RI%+ HIS [N GR[?4 ,IT IS 9 ?IS ?AT LACK ( REV]5CE %[S ITSELF2 & IT IS ONLY BY MORE REV]5CE ?AT A FUNDAM5TAL RE=M CAN BE EFFECT$4 

,OB$I5CE & DISCIPL9E >E SUPPOS$ TO BE 9DISP5SABLE IF ORD] IS TO BE KEPT 9 A CLASS1 & IF ANY 9/RUCTION IS TO BE GIV54 ,TO SOME EXT5T ?IS IS TRUE2 BUT ! EXT5T IS MU* LESS ?AN IT IS ?\<T TO BE BY ?OSE :O REG>D OB$I5CE & DISCIPL9E AS 9 !MSELVES DESIRABLE4 ,OB$I5CE1 ! YIELD+ ( ONE'S WILL TO \TSIDE DIRECTION1 IS ! C\NT]P>T ( AU?ORITY4 ,BO? MAY BE NECESS>Y 9 C]TA9 CASES4 ,REFRACTORY *ILDR51 LUNATICS1 & CRIM9ALS MAY REQUIRE AU?ORITY1 & MAY NE$ TO BE =C$ TO OBEY4 ,BUT 9 SO F> AS ?IS IS NECESS>Y IT IS A MIS=TUNE3 :AT IS TO BE DESIR$ IS ! FREE *OICE ( 5DS ) :I* IT IS NOT NECESS>Y TO 9T]F]E4 ,& $UCATIONAL RE=M]S HAVE %[N ?AT ?IS IS F> MORE POSSIBLE ?AN \R FA!RS W\LD EV] HAVE BELIEV$4.<#c.> 

,:AT MAKES OB$I5CE SEEM NECESS>Y 9 S*OOLS IS ! L>GE CLASSES & OV]WORK$ TEA*]S DEM&$ BY A FALSE ECONOMY4 ,?OSE :O HAVE NO EXP]I5CE ( TEA*+ >E 9CAPABLE ( IMAG9+ ! EXP5SE ( SPIRIT 5TAIL$ BY ANY REALLY LIV+ 9/RUCTION4 ,!Y ?9K ?AT TEA*]S CAN REASONABLY BE EXPECT$ TO WORK AS MANY H\RS AS BANK CL]KS4 ,9T5SE FATIGUE & IRRITABLE N]VES >E ! RESULT1 & AN ABSOLUTE NECESSITY ( P]=M+ ! DAY'S TASK ME*ANICALLY4 ,BUT ! TASK CANNOT BE P]=M$ ME*ANICALLY EXCEPT BY EXACT+ OB$I5CE4 

,IF WE TOOK $UCATION S]I\SLY1 & ?\<T IT AS IMPORTANT TO KEEP ALIVE ! M9DS ( *ILDR5 AS TO SECURE VICTORY 9 W>1 WE %\LD CONDUCT $UCATION QUITE DIFF]5TLY3 WE %\LD MAKE SURE ( A*IEV+ ! 5D1 EV5 IF ! EXP5SE W]E A HUNDR$FOLD GREAT] ?AN IT IS4 ,TO MANY M5 & WOM5 A SMALL AM\NT ( TEA*+ IS A DELI<T1 & CAN BE DONE ) A FRE% ZE/ & LIFE :I* KEEPS MO/ PUPILS 9T]E/$ )\T ANY NE$ ( DISCIPL9E4 ,! FEW :O DO NOT BECOME 9T]E/$ MI<T BE SEP>AT$ FROM ! RE/1 & GIV5 A DIFF]5T K9D ( 9/RUCTION4 ,A TEA*] \<T TO HAVE ONLY AS MU* TEA*+ AS CAN BE DONE1 ON MO/ DAYS1 ) ACTUAL PLEASURE 9 ! WORK1 & ) AN AW>5ESS ( ! PUPIL'S M5TAL NE$S4 ,! RESULT W\LD BE A RELATION ( FRI5DL9ESS 9/EAD ( HO/ILITY BETWE5 TEA*] & PUPIL1 A REALIZATION ON ! P>T ( MO/ PUPILS ?AT $UCATION S]VES TO DEVELOP !IR [N LIVES & IS NOT M]ELY AN \TSIDE IMPOSITION1 9T]F]+ ) PLAY & DEM&+ MANY H\RS ( SITT+ /ILL4 ,ALL ?AT IS NECESS>Y TO ?IS 5D IS A GREAT] EXP5DITURE ( MONEY1 TO SECURE TEA*]S ) MORE LEISURE & ) A NATURAL LOVE ( TEA*+4 

,DISCIPL9E1 AS IT EXI/S 9 S*OOLS1 IS V]Y L>GELY AN EVIL4 ,!RE IS A K9D ( DISCIPL9E :I* IS NECESS>Y TO ALMO/ ALL A*IEVEM5T1 & :I* P]HAPS IS NOT SUFFICI5TLY VALU$ BY ?OSE :O REACT AGA9/ ! PURELY EXT]NAL DISCIPL9E ( TRADITIONAL ME?ODS4 ,! DESIRABLE K9D ( DISCIPL9E IS ! K9D ?AT COMES FROM )91 :I* CONSI/S 9 ! P[] ( PURSU+ A DI/ANT OBJECT /EADILY1 =EGO+ & SUFF]+ MANY ?+S ON ! WAY4 ,?IS 9VOLVES ! SUBORD9ATION ( IMPULSE TO WILL1 ! P[] ( A DIRECT+ ACTION BY L>GE CREATIVE DESIRES EV5 AT MOM5TS :5 !Y >E NOT VIVIDLY ALIVE4 ,)\T ?IS1 NO S]I\S AMBITION1 GOOD OR BAD1 CAN BE REALIZ$1 NO CONSI/5T PURPOSE CAN DOM9ATE4 ,?IS K9D ( DISCIPL9E IS V]Y NECESS>Y1 BUT CAN ONLY RESULT FROM /RONG DESIRES = 5DS NOT IMM$IATELY ATTA9ABLE1 & CAN ONLY BE PRODUC$ BY $UCATION IF $UCATION FO/]S SU* DESIRES1 :I* IT SELDOM DOES AT PRES5T4 ,SU* DISCIPL9E SPR+S FROM ONE'S [N WILL1 NOT FROM \TSIDE AU?ORITY4 ,IT IS NOT ?IS K9D :I* IS S\<T 9 MO/ S*OOLS1 & IT IS NOT ?IS K9D :I* SEEMS TO ME AN EVIL4 

,AL?\< ELEM5T>Y $UCATION 5C\RAGES ! UNDESIRABLE DISCIPL9E ?AT CONSI/S 9 PASSIVE OB$I5CE1 & AL?\< H>DLY ANY EXI/+ $UCATION 5C\RAGES ! MORAL DISCIPL9E ( CONSI/5T SELF-DIRECTION1 !RE IS A C]TA9 K9D ( PURELY M5TAL DISCIPL9E :I* IS PRODUC$ BY ! TRADITIONAL HI<] $UCATION4 ,! K9D ,I MEAN IS ?AT :I* 5ABLES A MAN TO CONC5TRATE HIS ?\<TS AT WILL UPON ANY MATT] ?AT HE HAS OCCASION TO CONSID]1 REG>DLESS ( PREOCCUPATIONS OR BOR$OM OR 9TELLECTUAL DIFFICULTY4 ,?IS QUALITY1 ?\< IT HAS NO IMPORTANT 9TR9SIC EXCELL5CE1 GREATLY 5HANCES ! EFFICI5CY ( ! M9D AS AN 9/RUM5T4 ,IT IS ?IS ?AT 5ABLES A LAWY] TO MA/] ! SCI5TIFIC DETAILS ( A PAT5T CASE :I* HE =GETS AS SOON AS JUDGM5T HAS BE5 GIV51 OR A CIVIL S]VANT TO DEAL QUICKLY ) MANY DIFF]5T ADM9I/RATIVE QUE/IONS 9 SUCCESSION4 ,IT IS ?IS ?AT 5ABLES M5 TO =GET PRIVATE C>ES DUR+ BUS9ESS H\RS4 ,9 A COMPLICAT$ WORLD IT IS A V]Y NECESS>Y FACULTY = ?OSE :OSE WORK REQUIRES M5TAL CONC5TRATION4 

,SUCCESS 9 PRODUC+ M5TAL DISCIPL9E IS ! *IEF M]IT ( TRADITIONAL HI<] $UCATION4 ,I D\BT :E!R IT CAN BE A*IEV$ EXCEPT BY COMPELL+ OR P]SUAD+ ACTIVE ATT5TION TO A PRESCRIB$ TASK4 ,IT IS = ?IS REASON *IEFLY ?AT ,I DO NOT BELIEVE ME?ODS SU* AS ,MADAME ,MONTESSORI'S APPLICABLE :5 ! AGE ( *ILDHOOD HAS BE5 PASS$4 ,! ESS5CE ( H] ME?OD CONSI/S 9 GIV+ A *OICE ( OCCUPATIONS1 ANY ONE ( :I* IS 9T]E/+ TO MO/ *ILDR51 & ALL ( :I* >E 9/RUCTIVE4 ,! *ILD'S ATT5TION IS :OLLY SPONTANE\S1 AS 9 PLAY2 IT 5JOYS ACQUIR+ KN[L$GE 9 ?IS WAY1 & DOES NOT ACQUIRE ANY KN[L$GE :I* IT DOES NOT DESIRE4 ,I AM CONV9C$ ?AT ?IS IS ! BE/ ME?OD ( $UCATION ) Y\NG *ILDR53 ! ACTUAL RESULTS MAKE IT ALMO/ IMPOSSIBLE TO ?9K O!RWISE4 ,BUT IT IS DIFFICULT TO SEE H[ ?IS ME?OD CAN LEAD TO CONTROL ( ATT5TION BY ! WILL4 ,MANY ?+S :I* MU/ BE ?\<T AB\T >E UN9T]E/+1 & EV5 ?OSE ?AT >E 9T]E/+ AT FIR/ (T5 BECOME V]Y WE>ISOME BE=E !Y HAVE BE5 CONSID]$ AS LONG AS IS NECESS>Y4 ,! P[] ( GIV+ PROLONG$ ATT5TION IS V]Y IMPORTANT1 & IT IS H>DLY TO BE WIDELY ACQUIR$ EXCEPT AS A HABIT 9DUC$ ORIG9ALLY BY \TSIDE PRESSURE4 ,SOME FEW BOYS1 IT IS TRUE1 HAVE SUFFICI5TLY /RONG 9TELLECTUAL DESIRES TO BE WILL+ TO UND]GO ALL ?AT IS NECESS>Y BY !IR [N 9ITIATIVE & FREE WILL2 BUT = ALL O!RS AN EXT]NAL 9DUCEM5T IS REQUIR$ 9 ORD] TO MAKE !M LE>N ANY SUBJECT ?OR\<LY4 ,!RE IS AMONG $UCATIONAL RE=M]S A C]TA9 FE> ( DEM&+ GREAT EF=TS1 & 9 ! WORLD AT L>GE A GR[+ UNWILL+NESS TO BE BOR$4 ,BO? !SE T5D5CIES HAVE !IR GOOD SIDES1 BUT BO? ALSO HAVE !IR DANG]S4 ,! M5TAL DISCIPL9E :I* IS JEOP>DIZ$ CAN BE PRES]V$ BY M]E ADVICE )\T EXT]NAL COMPULSION :5EV] A BOY'S 9TELLECTUAL 9T]E/ & AMBITION CAN BE SUFFICI5TLY /IMULAT$4 ,A GOOD TEA*] \<T TO BE ABLE TO DO ?IS = ANY BOY :O IS CAPABLE ( MU* M5TAL A*IEVEM5T2 & = MANY ( ! O!RS ! PRES5T PURELY BOOKI% $UCATION IS PROBABLY NOT ! BE/4 ,9 ?IS WAY1 SO LONG AS ! IMPORTANCE ( M5TAL DISCIPL9E IS REALIZ$1 IT CAN PROBABLY BE ATTA9$1 :5EV] IT IS ATTA9ABLE1 BY APPEAL+ TO ! PUPIL'S CONSCI\SNESS ( HIS [N NE$S4 ,SO LONG AS TEA*]S >E NOT EXPECT$ TO SUCCE$ BY ?IS ME?OD1 IT IS EASY = !M TO SLIP 9TO A SLO?FUL DULLNESS1 & BLAME !IR PUPILS :5 ! FAULT IS REALLY !IR [N4 

,RU?LESSNESS 9 ! ECONOMIC /RUGGLE WILL ALMO/ UNAVOIDABLY BE TAU<T 9 S*OOLS SO LONG AS ! ECONOMIC /RUCTURE ( SOCIETY REMA9S UN*ANG$4 ,?IS MU/ BE P>TICUL>LY ! CASE 9 MIDDLE-CLASS S*OOLS1 :I* DEP5D = !IR NUMB]S UPON ! GOOD OP9ION ( P>5TS1 & SECURE ! GOOD OP9ION ( P>5TS BY ADV]TIS+ ! SUCCESSES ( PUPILS4 ,?IS IS ONE ( MANY WAYS 9 :I* ! COMPETITIVE ORGANIZATION ( ! ,/ATE IS H>MFUL4 ,SPONTANE\S & DIS9T]E/$ DESIRE = KN[L$GE IS NOT AT ALL UNCOMMON 9 ! Y\NG1 & MI<T BE EASILY >\S$ 9 MANY 9 :OM IT REMA9S LAT5T4 ,BUT IT IS REMORSELESSLY *ECK$ BY TEA*]S :O ?9K ONLY ( EXAM9ATIONS1 DIPLOMAS1 & DEGREES4 ,= ! ABL] BOYS !RE IS NO TIME = ?\<T1 NO TIME = ! 9DULG5CE ( 9TELLECTUAL TA/E1 FROM ! MOM5T ( FIR/ GO+ TO S*OOL UNTIL ! MOM5T ( LEAV+ ! UNIV]SITY4 ,FROM FIR/ TO LA/ !RE IS NO?+ BUT ONE LONG DRUDG]Y ( EXAM9ATION TIPS & TEXT BOOK FACTS4 ,! MO/ 9TELLIG5T1 AT ! 5D1 >E DISGU/$ ) LE>N+1 LONG+ ONLY TO =GET IT & TO ESCAPE 9TO A LIFE ( ACTION4 ,YET !RE1 AS BE=E1 ! ECONOMIC MA*9E HOLDS !M PRISON]S1 & ALL !IR SPONTANE\S DESIRES >E BRUIS$ & ?W>T$4 

,! EXAM9ATION SY/EM1 & ! FACT ?AT 9/RUCTION IS TREAT$ MA9LY AS TRA9+ = A LIVELIHOOD1 LEADS ! Y\NG TO REG>D KN[L$GE FROM A PURELY UTILIT>IAN PO9T ( VIEW1 AS ! ROAD TO MONEY1 NOT AS ! GATEWAY TO WISDOM4 ,?IS W\LD NOT MATT] SO MU* IF IT AFFECT$ ONLY ?OSE :O HAVE NO G5U9E 9TELLECTUAL 9T]E/S4 ,BUT UN=TUNATELY IT AFFECTS MO/ ?OSE :OSE 9TELLECTUAL 9T]E/S >E /RONGE/1 S9CE IT IS UPON !M ?AT ! PRESSURE ( EXAM9ATIONS FALLS ) MO/ SEV]ITY4 ,TO !M MO/1 BUT TO ALL 9 SOME DEGREE1 $UCATION APPE>S AS A MEANS ( ACQUIR+ SUP]IORITY OV] O!RS2 IT IS 9FECT$ ?R\< & ?R\< ) RU?LESSNESS & GLORIFICATION ( SOCIAL 9EQUALITY4 ,ANY FREE1 DIS9T]E/$ CONSID]ATION %[S ?AT1 :ATEV] 9EQUALITIES MI<T REMA9 9 A ,UTOPIA1 ! ACTUAL 9EQUALITIES >E ALMO/ ALL CONTR>Y TO JU/ICE4 ,BUT \R $UCATIONAL SY/EM T5DS TO CONCEAL ?IS FROM ALL EXCEPT ! FAILURES1 S9CE ?OSE :O SUCCE$ >E ON ! WAY TO PR(IT BY ! 9EQUALITIES1 ) EV]Y 5C\RAGEM5T FROM ! M5 :O HAVE DIRECT$ !IR $UCATION4 

,PASSIVE ACCEPTANCE ( ! TEA*]'S WISDOM IS EASY TO MO/ BOYS & GIRLS4 ,IT 9VOLVES NO EF=T ( 9DEP5D5T ?\<T1 & SEEMS RATIONAL BECAUSE ! TEA*] KN[S MORE ?AN HIS PUPILS2 IT IS MOREOV] ! WAY TO W9 ! FAVOR ( ! TEA*] UNLESS HE IS A V]Y EXCEPTIONAL MAN4 ,YET ! HABIT ( PASSIVE ACCEPTANCE IS A DISA/R\S ONE 9 LAT] LIFE4 ,IT CAUSES M5 TO SEEK A LEAD]1 & TO ACCEPT AS A LEAD] :OEV] IS E/ABLI%$ 9 ?AT POSITION4 ,IT MAKES ! P[] ( ,*UR*ES1 ,GOV]NM5TS1 P>TY CAUCUSES1 & ALL ! O!R ORGANIZATIONS BY :I* PLA9 M5 >E MISL$ 9TO SUPPORT+ OLD SY/EMS :I* >E H>MFUL TO ! NATION & TO !MSELVES4 ,IT IS POSSIBLE ?AT !RE W\LD NOT BE MU* 9DEP5D5CE ( ?\<T EV5 IF $UCATION DID EV]Y?+ TO PROMOTE IT2 BUT !RE W\LD C]TA9LY BE MORE ?AN !RE IS AT PRES5T4 ,IF ! OBJECT W]E TO MAKE PUPILS ?9K1 RA!R ?AN TO MAKE !M ACCEPT C]TA9 CONCLUSIONS1 $UCATION W\LD BE CONDUCT$ QUITE DIFF]5TLY3 !RE W\LD BE LESS RAPIDITY ( 9/RUCTION & MORE DISCUSSION1 MORE OCCASIONS :5 PUPILS W]E 5C\RAG$ TO EXPRESS !MSELVES1 MORE ATTEMPT TO MAKE $UCATION CONC]N ITSELF ) MATT]S 9 :I* ! PUPILS FELT SOME 9T]E/4 

,ABOVE ALL1 !RE W\LD BE AN 5DEAVOR TO R\SE & /IMULATE ! LOVE ( M5TAL ADV5TURE4 ,! WORLD 9 :I* WE LIVE IS V>I\S & A/ONI%+3 SOME ( ! ?+S ?AT SEEM PLA9E/ GR[ MORE & MORE DIFFICULT ! MORE !Y >E CONSID]$2 O!R ?+S1 :I* MI<T HAVE BE5 ?\<T QUITE IMPOSSIBLE TO DISCOV]1 HAVE NEV]!LESS BE5 LAID B>E BY G5IUS & 9DU/RY4 ,! P[]S ( ?\<T1 ! VA/ REGIONS :I* IT CAN MA/]1 ! MU* MORE VA/ REGIONS :I* IT CAN ONLY DIMLY SUGGE/ TO IMAG9ATION1 GIVE TO ?OSE :OSE M9DS HAVE TRAVEL$ BEYOND ! DAILY R\ND AN AMAZ+ RI*NESS ( MAT]IAL1 AN ESCAPE FROM ! TRIVIALITY & WE>ISOM5ESS ( FAMILI> R\T9E1 BY :I* ! :OLE ( LIFE IS FILL$ ) 9T]E/1 & ! PRISON WALLS ( ! COMMONPLACE >E BROK5 D[N4 ,! SAME LOVE ( ADV5TURE :I* TAKES M5 TO ! ,S\? ,POLE1 ! SAME PASSION = A CONCLUSIVE TRIAL ( /R5G? :I* LEADS SOME M5 TO WELCOME W>1 CAN F9D 9 CREATIVE ?\<T AN \TLET :I* IS NEI!R WA/EFUL NOR CRUEL1 BUT 9CREASES ! DIGNITY ( MAN BY 9C>NAT+ 9 LIFE SOME ( ?AT %9+ SPL5DOR :I* ! HUMAN SPIRIT IS BR++ D[N \T ( ! UNKN[N4 ,TO GIVE ?IS JOY1 9 A GREAT] OR LESS MEASURE1 TO ALL :O >E CAPABLE ( IT1 IS ! SUPREME 5D = :I* ! $UCATION ( ! M9D IS TO BE VALU$4 

,IT WILL BE SAID ?AT ! JOY ( M5TAL ADV5TURE MU/ BE R>E1 ?AT !RE >E FEW :O CAN APPRECIATE IT1 & ?AT ORD9>Y $UCATION CAN TAKE NO ACC\NT ( SO >I/OCRATIC A GOOD4 ,I DO NOT BELIEVE ?IS4 ,! JOY ( M5TAL ADV5TURE IS F> COMMON] 9 ! Y\NG ?AN 9 GR[N M5 & WOM54 ,AMONG *ILDR5 IT IS V]Y COMMON1 & GR[S NATURALLY \T ( ! P]IOD ( MAKE-BELIEVE & FANCY4 ,IT IS R>E 9 LAT] LIFE BECAUSE EV]Y?+ IS DONE TO KILL IT DUR+ $UCATION4 ,M5 FE> ?\<T AS !Y FE> NO?+ ELSE ON E>?--MORE ?AN RU91 MORE EV5 ?AN DEA?4 ,?\<T IS SUBV]SIVE & REVOLUTION>Y1 DE/RUCTIVE & T]RIBLE2 ?\<T IS M]CILESS TO PRIVILEGE1 E/ABLI%$ 9/ITUTIONS1 & COM=TABLE HABITS2 ?\<T IS AN>*IC & LAWLESS1 9DIFF]5T TO AU?ORITY1 C>ELESS ( ! WELL-TRI$ WISDOM ( ! AGES4 ,?\<T LOOKS 9TO ! PIT ( HELL & IS NOT AFRAID4 ,IT SEES MAN1 A FEEBLE SPECK1 SURR\ND$ BY UNFA?OMABLE DEP?S ( SIL5CE2 YET IT BE>S ITSELF PR\DLY1 AS UNMOV$ AS IF IT W]E LORD ( ! UNIV]SE4 ,?\<T IS GREAT & SWIFT & FREE1 ! LI<T ( ! WORLD1 & ! *IEF GLORY ( MAN4 

,BUT IF ?\<T IS TO BECOME ! POSSESSION ( MANY1 NOT ! PRIVILEGE ( ! FEW1 WE MU/ HAVE DONE ) FE>4 ,IT IS FE> ?AT HOLDS M5 BACK--FE> LE/ !IR *]I%$ BELIEFS %\LD PROVE DELUSIONS1 FE> LE/ ! 9/ITUTIONS BY :I* !Y LIVE %\LD PROVE H>MFUL1 FE> LE/ !Y !MSELVES %\LD PROVE LESS WOR?Y ( RESPECT ?AN !Y HAVE SUPPOS$ !MSELVES TO BE4 0,%\LD ! WORK+ MAN ?9K FREELY AB\T PROP]TY8 ,!N :AT WILL BECOME ( US1 ! RI*8 ,%\LD Y\NG M5 & Y\NG WOM5 ?9K FREELY AB\T SEX8 ,!N :AT WILL BECOME ( MORALITY8 ,%\LD SOLDI]S ?9K FREELY AB\T W>8 ,!N :AT WILL BECOME ( MILIT>Y DISCIPL9E8 ,AWAY ) ?\<T6 ,BACK 9TO ! %ADES ( PREJUDICE1 LE/ PROP]TY1 MORALS1 & W> %\LD BE 5DANG]$6 ,BETT] M5 %\LD BE /UPID1 SLO?FUL1 & OPPRESSIVE ?AN ?AT !IR ?\<TS %\LD BE FREE4 ,= IF !IR ?\<TS W]E FREE !Y MI<T NOT ?9K AS WE DO4 ,& AT ALL CO/S ?IS DISA/] MU/ BE AV]T$40 ,SO ! OPPON5TS ( ?\<T >GUE 9 ! UNCONSCI\S DEP?S ( !IR S\LS4 ,& SO !Y ACT 9 !IR *UR*ES1 !IR S*OOLS1 & !IR UNIV]SITIES4 

,NO 9/ITUTION 9SPIR$ BY FE> CAN FUR!R LIFE4 ,HOPE1 NOT FE>1 IS ! CREATIVE PR9CIPLE 9 HUMAN AFFAIRS4 ,ALL ?AT HAS MADE MAN GREAT HAS SPRUNG FROM ! ATTEMPT TO SECURE :AT IS GOOD1 NOT FROM ! /RUGGLE TO AV]T :AT WAS ?\<T EVIL4 ,IT IS BECAUSE MOD]N $UCATION IS SO SELDOM 9SPIR$ BY A GREAT HOPE ?AT IT SO SELDOM A*IEVES A GREAT RESULT4 ,! WI% TO PRES]VE ! PA/ RA!R ?AN ! HOPE ( CREAT+ ! FUTURE DOM9ATES ! M9DS ( ?OSE :O CONTROL ! TEA*+ ( ! Y\NG4 ,$UCATION %\LD NOT AIM AT A PASSIVE AW>5ESS ( DEAD FACTS1 BUT AT AN ACTIVITY DIRECT$ T[>DS ! WORLD ?AT \R EF=TS >E TO CREATE4 ,IT %\LD BE 9SPIR$1 NOT BY A REGRETFUL HANK]+ AFT] ! EXT9CT BEAUTIES ( ,GREECE & ! ,R5AISSANCE1 BUT BY A %9+ VISION ( ! SOCIETY ?AT IS TO BE1 ( ! TRIUMPHS ?AT ?\<T WILL A*IEVE 9 ! TIME TO COME1 & ( ! EV]-WID5+ HORIZON ( MAN'S SURVEY OV] ! UNIV]SE4 ,?OSE :O >E TAU<T 9 ?IS SPIRIT WILL BE FILL$ ) LIFE & HOPE & JOY1 ABLE TO BE> !IR P>T 9 BR++ TO MANK9D A FUTURE LESS SOMB] ?AN ! PA/1 ) FAI? 9 ! GLORY ?AT HUMAN EF=T CAN CREATE4 

,FROM 3 ,WIKI,S\RCE4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #aiaf 3 ,*APT] #e -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,OCTOB] #a#i1 #bag 3 ,*APT] #e -- ,ADD$4 

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