,:Y ,WE ,>E ,MORAL 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,DORA ,M>SD5 

,TEXT 3 

,AL?\<--& AS WE HAVE MANY TIMES EXPLA9$--MORALS >E MODES ( CONDUCT :I* HAVE BECOME CU/OM>Y1 & ! 9T5T ( ! PASSIONATE RAGE 9 SUPPORT ( ! MORAL IS TO %IELD !SE CU/OMS FROM ANY?+ :I* MAY CAUSE !M TO V>Y1 ?IS EXPOSITION DOES NOT EXPLA9 :Y !SE MODES1 PRIM>ILY SPECIAL & P>TICUL>1 ADAPT$ TO S]VE ! 9T]E/S NOT ( ,ALL BUT ( A ,FEW %\LD HAVE BECOME CU/OM>Y = ,ALL3 SO MU* SO 9 FACT ?AT ! GU>DIAN%IP ( MORALS IS 9 ! SAFE/ H&S :5 IT IS LEFT TO ! FI]CE P>TISAN FEEL+S ( ! 0,CR[D40 ,BE=E GO+ 9TO ! PSY*OLOGY :I* EXPLA9S ?IS PROBLEM1 SO P]PLEX+ ON ! SURFACE1 IT IS ADVISABLE TO 9DICATE A NICE DI/9CTION :I* HAS COME TO EXI/ BETWE5 K9DS ( CONDUCT TO :I*1 9 POPUL> USAGE1 IS GIV5 ! T]M 0,CU/OM10 & CONDUCT EQUALLY CU/OM>Y BUT TO :I* ! T]M MORALS ORD9>ILY IS GIV54 

,CU/OM IS HABITUAL CONDUCT1 BUT TO ! OBS]VANCE ( :I* PUBLIC OP9ION ATTA*ES SMALL WEI<T EI!R BY WAY ( APPROVAL OR DISAPPROVAL4 ,! EMOTION :I* FAILURE TO OBS]VE IT CALLS UP IS1 9 ! MA91 SURPRISE1 NOT ! BL9D1 PASSIONATE RAGE :I* ! BULK ( PEOPLE %[ AT ! 9FR+EM5T ( MORALS4 ,ITS OBS]VANCE OR O!RWISE IS LEFT TO 9DIVIDUAL :IM2 JUDGM5T AS TO ITS B5EFITS OR DISADVANTAGES IS LEFT TO ! CAPRICE ( PRIVATE OP9ION4 ,IT IS A HABIT :I* LIES OP5 & UNPROTECT$ FROM VULG> 9QUIRY & P]SONAL 9DIVIDUAL TE/S ( ITS VALUE4 ,ITS VALUATION IS NOT FIX$ ?\< ITS OBS]VANCE BE WIDE-SPREAD & G5]AL4 ,:AT SEP>ATES ,MORALS FROM ,CU/OM 7POPUL> V]SION7 IS ! VALUE :I* ,AU?ORITY 7:I* COMM&S PUBLIC OP9ION7 SETS UPON ! HABIT'S SIGNIFICANCE4 ,IF ! REF]5CE IS TO CU/OM>Y CONDUCT ( :I* ! CONT9UANCE IS NECESS>Y = ! MA9T5ANCE ( ! P[] :I* KEEPS ! >TICULATE CLASS 9 AU?ORITY1 SU* CONDUCT IS C>EFULLY EXTRACT$ FROM ITS ASSOCIATION ) M]E CU/OMS & ELEVAT$ BY ,AU?ORITY TO ! PLANE ( ! ,SACR$ BY ! LAY+ ( ! ,TABOO ON ALL DISCUSSIONS AS TO ITS ORIG9 & ! FUNDAM5TAL NATURE ( ITS MOTIVES1 SO ?AT 9 TIME IT COMES TO BE REG>D$ AS ! ,MY/]I\S1 ! ,OCCULT1 ! ,SUP]NATURAL1 ! ,DIV9E4 ,:]EAS CU/OMS >E EXPOS$ & OP5 TO VALUATION1 !IR ANCE/RY APP>5T & !IR FUTURE ! POSSIBLE VICTIM ( :IM & CAPRICE1 MORALS >E KEPT UNSULLI$ FROM ! COMMON & MUNDANE T\* & !IR ORIG9 & VALUATION ONE MAY QUE/ION ONLY UND] PA9 ( BECOM+ IMPI\S & A BLASPHEM]4 ,NATURALLY MANY CU/OMS >E ON ! FR+E BETWE5 ! /ATUS ( ,CU/OMS & ?AT ( ,MORALS1 A FACT TO :I* ELEGANT IF DELICATE Y\NG 9TELLECTUALS [E MANY H\RS ( EXCIT+ & DANG]\S SPORT4 ,! DEBAT+ CLUBS ( ! ,LIT]>Y & ,PHILOSOPHIC ,SOCIETIES & ( ! ,Y\NG ,M5'S ,MUTUAL ,IMPROVEM5T ,SOCIETY1 ( ! ,Y4,W4,C4,A'S1 NOT TO M5TION ! ,SM>T ,SET & ! ,CRANKS3 :AT VIOL5T 9TELLECTUAL /RIV+ HAS GIV5 !SE BIR? IF NOT ! DESIRE TO SETTLE PO9TS ( SU* COSMIC SIGNIFICANCE AS ! ,RI<T & ! ,WRONG ( *UR*-GO+1 !AT]-GO+1 GAMBL+1 RAC+2 ( ?OSE CRIMES OR L>KS = WOM53 SMOKES1 BICYCLES & BLOOM]S1 DY$ HAIR & PA9T 8 ,TO DECIDE :E!R !SE ?+S BELONG$ TO ! GO-AS-Y\-PLEASE REALM ( ,CU/OM OR TO ?AT REALM :I* SUPPORTS ! ,COSMOS HI< ABOVE ,*AOS --,MORALS1 HAS PROVID$ OCCASION = ! EX]CISE ( ! /RONG & D>+ Y\NG WITS ( ! LA/ HALF-C5TURY4 

,?IS POPUL> DI/9CTION BETWE5 ,MORALS & ,CU/OM ?R[S 9TO RELIEF ! QUE/ION :I* /ILL AWAITS AN ANSW] AS REG>DS ! G5ESIS ( MORALS4 

,IF M5 HAVE HELD TO CU/OM1 COMMON S5SE IS READY TO SUGGE/ ?AT ?IS IS NOT DUE TO ACCID5T1 & IF CU/OMS HAVE BE5 FO/]$ IT HAS BE5 BECAUSE-- %E] EASE AP>T--! RESULTS :I* COME FROM DO+ SO >E SU* AS SEEM TO S]VE !IR 9T]E/S BE/4 ,DID !Y NOT1 ! CU/OM W\LD SURELY IF NOT SPE$ILY HAVE BE5 AB&ON$4 ,& IF NOT FROM A PRESCI5CE ( ?IS WILL+NESS ( M5 TO AB&ON A CU/OM PRODUCTIVE ( DISAPPO9T+ RESULTS1 :AT O!R MOTIVE W\LD ! AU?ORITIES HAVE HAD = TAK+ MEASURES TO 5SURE SU* CU/OMS AS !Y CONSID] SIGNIFICANT FROM ! POSSIBILITY ( SU* A FATE1 BY PROTECT+ !M ) ?AT 0,MY/]Y0 :I* RESULTS 9 !IR CONV]SION 9TO ,MORALS4 ,CU/OMS >E HABITS :I* MAY BE KEPT UP4 ,MORALS >E CU/OMS :I* ,AU?ORITY 9SI/S MU/ BE KEPT UP1 GOOD RESULTS OR NO4 ,:AT1 !N1 IS ! 9/9CT1 PRIM>Y & FUNDAM5TAL AS IT MU/ BE TO HAVE HELD GOOD = SO LONG1 :I* MAKES ! GREAT MASS ( PEOPLE1 ! GOV]N$ CLASSES1 NOT M]ELY FAI?FUL TO MORALS 9 FACE ( !IR ILL-EFFECTS1 BUT FAI?FUL 9 AN >D5T & PASSIONATE SPIRIT :I* DOES NOT SEEK TO SP>E EI!R !MSELVES OR ?OSE NE> & DE> TO !M8 ,! *>ACT] & WORK+ ( ! 9DUCEM5TS :I* >E RESPONSIBLE = ?IS SEEM+ MIRACLE1 REVEAL H[ UN]R+ IS ! 9/9CT :I* LEADS M5 /EADILY TO TRACK D[N !IR MAJOR SATISFACTIONS ?R\< A :OLE COMPLEX TANGLE ( CONFLICT+ CONSID]ATIONS4 

,! BASIS ( ANY S*EME ( MORALS IS ALTRUISM4 ,! MORAL CLAIM ?AT ITS OBS]VANCE1 AGA9/ OR 9 CON=MITY TO 9CL9ATION IS = 0,GOOD10 OBVI\SLY IS PREP>$ TO DEM& ! OV]-RID+ ( ! PRIVATE 0GOOD0 ( HIM :OSE 9CL9ATION IS AGA9/ IT 9 FAVOR ( ! 0GOOD0 ( ?OSE 0O!RS0 :O CON/ITUTE ! ,ALL3 9 :I* REMOTE GOOD ! ?W>T$ ONE IS VAGUELY 5JO9$ TO BELIEVE ?AT HE WILL ONCE AGA9 REF9D HIS [N4 

,AN ELEM5T ( /RONG1 IF VAGUE1 DI/RU/ ( ! BELIEF ?AT ONE F9DS ONE'S 9T]E/ S]V$ BE/ 9 ! GOOD ( ,ALL1 DOES NOT 5C\RAGE A CLOSE OBS]V] TO SEEK = ! CLUE ( UNSW]V+ MORAL ACTION 9 ! 9FLU5CE ( ?IS G5]ALIZATION3 ! ,UNITY ( ,HUMANITY4 ,ONE IS TEMPT$ RA!R TO LOOK AB\T = DEF9ITE EGOI/IC REW>DS 9 ALTRUISM ITSELF ?AN TO BELIEVE !RE EXI/S SO MU* SOLID WEI<T 9 FLI<TY CONCEPTUAL /RET*ES = ! POPUL> 9TELLIG5CE4 ,:AT1 !N1 DOES ,ALTRUISM (F] TO !SE EGOI/S ( NOT-TOO-9TELLIG5T AN ORD]8 ,ON ITS FACE VALUE ! !ORY ( ,ALTRUISM APPE>S TO BE A TACTFUL /ATEM5T ( ! CASE = PEACEFUL SUBMISSION AMONG ! ,DOM9AT$1 & IS MADE CURR5T BY ! P[]FUL EGOI/S :O >E ! BACKBONE ( ! DOM9ANT CLASS :AT TIME IT SUITS ! LATT]'S 9T]E/S TO REMA9 AT PEACE3 ?AT IS1 :ILE REFRA9+ FROM ?OSE MORE VIOL5T =MS ( COMPETITION CALL$ W>4 ,IT IS ! 9CULCATION ( ! PR9CIPLE ?AT IT IS WISE TO MAKE PEACEFUL T]MS )1 & GOOD FRI5DS (1 ?OSE :O HAVE E/ABLI%$ A DOM9ANCE BY RESPECT+ !IR /ATUS1 !IR 9T]E/S & !IR WI%ES4 ,?AT IT IS ! DOM9AT$ CLASS :I* PRACTICES ALTRUISM :]EAS ! DOM9ANT PRACTICE IT ONLY 9 SO F> AS !IR NECESSITIES1 I4E41 !IR 9T]E/S1 P]MIT !M1 9 NO WAY DETRACTS FROM ! WEI<T ( EVID5CE :I* GOES TO PROVE ITS ORIG9 AMONG ! DOM9ANT3 IT M]ELY SUPPLIES ADDITIONAL TE/IMONY AS TO ! F9E QUALITY ( ! TACT EMPLOY$ 9 ITS 9CULCATION4 ,?US MORALITY1 I4E41 ! HABITUAL PRACTICE ( ALTRUISM MADE COMPULSORY BY ,AU?ORITY & ,PUBLIC ,OP9ION1 IS P>T ( ! GREAT GAME ( EGOI/IC W>--! 9T]PLAY ( 9T]E/S--:I* EBBS & FL[S CEASELESSLY :]EV] LIFE IS4 ,9 ?AT W>F>E1 H[EV]1 MORALITY REPRES5TS SU* A DI/9CTION AS TO ME?OD ?AT IT IS CONV5I5T TO LABEL IT SEP>ATELY & ALLOCATE IT TO A NI*E ( ITS [N4 ,MORALITY IS ! MODE ( W>F>E MADE USE ( DUR+ ! 0CIVIL0 P]IODS1 ITS ROLE CORRESPOND+ TO ! PHYSICAL SLAU<T] :I* IS ! MODE :5 ! W>F>E ( CIVILIZATION GIVES PLACE TO A SPECIAL K9D ( W>F>E ORD9>ILY CALL$ W>4 ,! DIFF]5CE CONSI/S 9 ! SUB/ITUTION ( WEAPONS--( ,WORDS 9 PLACE ( ,>MAM5TS4 ,! NATURE ( MORAL W>F>E NECESSITATES A SORT ( SEIGE-ACTION 9 PLACE ( ! AGGRESSIVE PHYSICAL ASSAULTS ( >M$ W>F>E4 ,! MORAL CONCEPTS F5CE R\ND ! AU?ORIT>IAN CLASS AS EFFECTUALLY AS1 IF NOT MORE ?AN1 CONCRETE =TIFICATIONS DO A CITY2 ! ACTION ( !SE ,SACR$ ,WORDS BE+ NOT SO MU* TO )/& ! SAVAG]Y ( AN ONSLAU<T AS TO P>ALYZE ! =CES ( ! 5EMY BE=E HE CAN LIFT UP AN >M AGA9/ !M4 

,!IR EFFECT1 H&L$ AS ,AU?ORITY TACTFULLY H&LES !M1 AM\NTS TO ?AT ( HYPNOTISM3 RESULTS NOT H[EV] DUE TO A BRILLIANTLY CONCEIV$1 CONSCI\S >TIFICE OR PLANN$ CONTRIVANCE ( MEANS TO PURPOS$ 5DS ON ! P>T ( ! DOM9ANT3 BUT ( A SEMI-CONSCI\S EXPLOIT+ ON !IR P>T ( AN ELEM5T>Y HUMAN 9/9CT TOO OBVI\SLY 9 EXI/5CE = ITS POSSIBILITIES TO BE IGNOR$4 ,ON ! O!R H& ! PRACTICE ( ALTRUISM AS OPPOS$ TO ITS !ORETICAL EXHORTATION1 SUBS]VES URG5T EGOI/IC NE$S ON ! P>T ( ! SECOND-RATE EGOI/IC P[]S4 ,IF ITS OBS]VANCE BY ! DOM9AT$ S]VES ! EGOISM ( ! DOM9ANT 9ASMU* AS IT SP>ES !IR 5]GIES FROM ! NECESSITY ( CON/ANT REASS]TION ( SUP]IORITY1 IT SP>ES AT ! SAME TIME ! VANITY ( ! DOM9AT$4 ,! 0/ATUS QUO0 :I* AT FIR/ BLU% WAS ACCEPT$ ?R\< NECESSITY & FE> BY ! CLASS :I* ?AT 0/ATE0 LEAVES SUBJECT$1 IS1 ?ANKS TO MORALITY1 AFT]W>DS ACCEPT$ 9 HAPPY SUBMISSION BY D9T ( ! TACTFUL ASSAULTS :I* ! MORAL CONCEPTS MAKE ON !IR VANITY4 ,[+ TO ! COM=T+ HYPNOTISM ( 0MORALITY0 & ITS 0ALTRUISM0 ! SUBMISSIVELY DOM9AT$ >E ABLE TO FLATT] !MSELVES ) ! ?\<T ?AT ! 0,GREAT0 MO/ SCRUPUL\SLY DESIRE & /RIVE AFT] ! =M]S' [N SPECIAL & P>TICUL> 0GOOD03 ?AT !SE ACTUALLY MAKE !MSELVES ANXI\S ON ACC\NT ( ! /ATE ( !IR S\LS 9 ADDITION TO C>E = !IR TEMPORAL GOOD2 &4 LAT]1 9 RETURN = ! ADOPTION ( ! C\RSE ( ACTION 5JO9$ BY ! CONCEPTUAL S*EME--ACTION :I* ALWAYS TURNS TO ! ,GOOD ( ! E/ABLI%$1 BY ! WAY--!Y >E R5D]$ HAPPI] /ILL BY ! S\ND ( ! 9FLAT+ 0WELL DONE0 ( !IR BETT]S4 ,IT ALL WORKS EXTREMELY WELL4 ,MAN IS ! VA9E/ ( ! ANIMALS1 & 9DIVIDUAL M5 >E VA9 9 9V]SE RATIO TO ! /\TNESS ( !IR SPIRITUAL /AM9A4 ,! 0,CR[D0 ! ,NON-DI/9CTIVE1 ! ,MAJORITY BE+ ! VA9E/1 ! APPEAL ( ,MORALITY REALIZES ITS [N SPECIAL HUNT+-GR\ND 9 !IR MID/4 ,! 0,CR[D0 PROVIDE ! C\NTRY'S MORAL BACKBONE4 ,!Y EV5 MAKE A BOA/ ( IT4 ,& S5SIBLY 5\< S9CE SU* ,CONDUCT AS WE >RANGE TO LIVE BY1 WE >RANGE ALSO TO PRAISE IF WE VALUE \R [N COM=T4 ,& ! ADOPTION ( ,MORALITY IS AS MU* A PIECE ( DI/9CTIVE HUMAN +5UITY--A DISPLAY ( 9TELLIG5CE--AS IS ! ADOPTION ( ,>MS4 ,?AT IT IS MORE DEF9ITELY CONNECT$ ) ! SWAGG] ( ! DOM9AT$1 :]EAS PR[ESS 9 ,>MS IS ! SWAGG] ( ! ,DOM9ANT1 NE$ NOT NECESS>ILY 9DUCE ! =M] TO MISPRIZE ! SOLACES ( !IR CLASS4 

,T5NYSON SOME:]E S+S1 NOT )\T A GASP ( SURPRISE 9DE$ AT HIS UNEXPECT$ DISCOV]Y1 ( ! SPEE* :I* HALF REVEALS & HALF CONCEALS ! ?\<T )94 ,AS F> AS ! SPEE*1 :I* MORAL CONCEPTS >E WRAPP$ 9 IS CONC]N$1 ! POET HAS GONE WRONG 9 HIS PROPORTIONS4 ,!IR :OLE 9T5T IS TO CONCEAL3 & ! MOTIVE IS AS PURPOSIVE ) ?OSE :O PRACTICE !M AS ) ?OSE :O TEA*4 ,?AT BO? SIDES >E 9>TICULATE & ONLY SEMI-CONSCI\S DOES NOT DETRACT FROM ! SUP]LATIVE SKILL ) :I* ! SET PURPOSE IS A*IEV$4 ,IT 5HANCES IT RA!R4 ,MORAL PR9CIPLES RE/+ ON ALTRUISM1 BY A SKILLFUL SLEI<T ( H& CONCEAL ! FACT ?AT ALTRUISM IS AN ILLUSION CREAT$ TO SUBS]VE MOTIVES :OLLY EGOTI/IC2 ?AT ! 9T]*ANGE CAN BE EFFECT$ )\T RAIS+ A BREA? ( SUSPICION1 IS DUE TO ! SUFFUS+ 9FLU5CE ( ONE ( ! MO/ FUNDAM5TAL ELEM5TS AFFECT+ HUMAN EMOTION3 TO ! ACTION ( VANITY4 

,VANITY SKILLFULLY PLAY$ UPON GOES A LONG WAY T[>DS CONF\ND+ EV5 ! S\NDE/ HUMAN JUDGM5T4 ,AS PALPABLY AS HEAT EXP&S A GAS1 FLATT]Y EXP&S ! HUMAN SPIRIT BEYOND ! NORMAL4 ,IT IS ?IS S5SE ( EXPANSION :I* CAUSES M5 TO FEEL PLEASURE2 IT IS ! S5SATION ( CONSCI\S LIFE 9 ACTUAL BE+3 IT IS 9 FACT ! S5SE WE CALL P[]4 ,A FL\T+ ( VANITY DEPRESSES SPIRIT & CREATES DESPOND5CY4 ,BO? ACTIONS--9FLATION & DEPRESSION--T5D TO TAKE PLACE ! MORE READILY ! FLIMSI] ! VITAL =CE ON :I* REPUTE ACTS1 BUT IT IS PROBABLE ?AT ON NO S+LE 9TELLIG5T HUMAN BE+ CAN !Y FAIL TO MAKE SOME LITTLE V>IATION4 ,IT IS TRUE ?AT ?OSE :O >E CONC]N$ ) !IR [N SELF-9ITIAT$ 9T]E/S & ) :OM ! P[]S :I* HAVE PLAY OV] !IR SPIRITS >E MORE SELF-C5T]$ & SELF-IMPELL$1 >E LESS RESPONSIVE TO \TSIDE TREATM5T4 ,IT HAPP5S H[EV]1 ?AT ) ! VA/ MAJORITY ( M51 OB$I5CE & IMITATION >E ! /RONGE/ SPR+S ( ACTION4 ,TO BE CAPABLE ( ACT+ FROM A SELF-9T]E/$ MOTIVE IS EXTREMELY R>E4 ,H5CE IT TURNS \T ?AT ! BALANCE ( PLEASURE = MO/ M5 MU/ BE COME AT BY WAY ( HONOR CONF]R$ BY /RONG] & MORE DEF9ITELY CONSCI\S EGOI/IC P[]S4 ,! BALANCE ( SATISFACTION :5 ALL HAS BE5 C\NT$ 9 FE> ( FAILURE1 FE> ( 5VY1 ( PUNI%M5T1 HO/ILITY1 FE> ( LONELESSNESS1 & A DEAD5+ S5SE ( UNC]TA9TY--= ! VA/ MAJORITY ( M5 FALLS ON ! SIDE ( HONOR RA!R ?AN ON ! O!R4 ,ACCORD+LY M5'S ACTIONS 9EVITABLY SET T[>DS ,HONOR & ! E>N+ ( ,APPLAUSE4 ,:]EUPON PROPITIATION RA!R ?AN AGGRESSION BECOMES !IR NATURAL ROLE4 ,IT BECOMES !IR VIRTUE & ALL =CES-- M5 & ?+S4--:I* MAKE LITTLE ( PROPITIATION-- :I* IS PEACE1 LOVE-->E !IR NATURAL 5EMIES4 ,ALL ?+S PROPITIATORY BECOME !REUPON 0GOOD03 PROPITIATORY PROPOSALS1 (F]S ( PEACE1 CIVILITY1 MILDNESS ( TEMP]1 & ALL SPECIES ( 9TRA-M$IATION >E 0GOOD03 & ?OSE W H O MAKE !M >E 0GOOD03 & IT IS 0GOOD0 TO FALL 9 ) !M4 0,GOOD10 ?AT IS1 = ?OSE :O LOVE ,HONOR1 = ,MORALITY1 = ! REPUTATION ( ,ALTRUISM4 ,H5CE ! MORAL DEM&S F9D 9 !SE SECOND-RATE EGOI/S A M9D & TEMP] READY PREP>$ = !M3 ?OSE :O DESIRE TO BE P]SUAD$ >E ALREADY WAIT+ = ?OSE :O WILL P]SUADE !M3 ! TWO COME TOGE!R BY AN 9EVITABLE ATTRACTION3 ! \TCOME ( A NATURAL DESIRE TO MAKE USE ( EA* O!R4 ,UNIT$1 !Y MAKE A COMP\ND H>D & RESI/ANT 5\< TO BAFFLE ALL ATTEMPTS TO BREAK 9 UPON IT3 A NUGGET TO BREAK ONE'S TEE? AGA9/ RA!R ?AN TO CRACK4 ,BETWE5 ! >DOR ( EA* = ! O!R !RE IS NO?+ TO *OOSE4 

,!RE >E UNOBS]V+ P]SONS :O IMAG9E ?AT HUMAN BE+S DESIRE A COMMODITY :I* !Y CALL ,TRU?4 ,N[ TRU? IS A MU*-US$ WORD :I* MAY MEAN ANY?+ OR NO?+ ACCORD+ AS ONE IS PLEAS$ TO EMPLOY IT3 BUT ALL[+ = ! MOM5T ?AT IT MEANS :AT SU* P]SONS IMAG9E IT TO MEAN1 I4E41 A FAI?FUL DESCRIPTION ( PASSIONS & MOTIVES & ( ! RELATIVE P[]S AMONG ! 9DIVIDUALS ( A COMMUNITY1 IT IS ! CRASSE/ /UPIDITY TO ?9K ?AT PEOPLE DESIRE TRU? OR ANY?+ APPROA*+ IT4 ,Y\1 DE> READ]1 DON'T WANT SU* TRU? AB\T Y\RSELF4 ,I1 DE> READ]1 WON'T HAVE IT AB\T MYSELF4 ,! MAXIMUM QUANTITY ( ?IS SPECIES ( TRU? :I* Y\ & ,I CAN /& IS JU/ AS MU* AS WE >E COMPELL$ TO SWALL[ FROM \R [N DISILLUSION+ EXP]I5CES2 & EV5 ?IS AM\NT WE PREF] NOT TO DISCUSS ) ANY1 P>TICUL>LY NOT ) FAMILI>S--FAMILIES & FRI5DS4 ,BUT MANY ( US >E NOT AV]SE FROM AIR+ ?IS TRU? AS IT RELATES TO O!RS3 \R RIVALS & ACQUA9TANCES1 ?\< EV5 H]E WE MU/ BE CONT5T ) A REASONABLE AM\NT3 P5ETRATION MU/ NOT P5ETRATE TOO F> BECAUSE 9/9CTIVELY WE >E AW>E ?AT SOME %ORT DI/ANCE B5EA? ITS SURFACE-LAY] ! FABRIC ( TRU? IS 9 ONE PIECE3 L[] ?AN A C]TA9 DEP? ! SAME FABRIC COV]S US ALL2 P5ETRATE 9W>DS TOO DEEPLY & W E ALL /& ) \R MOTIVES NAK$ & EXPOS$4 ,& \R MOTIVES >E F> MORE ELEGANT CLO!D1 AS CLO!D !Y >E4 ,M5 HAVE CLO!D !M P>TLY1 P]HAPS1 ON ACC\NT ( USE & COM=T1 & P>TLY BECAUSE !Y HAVE CONCEIV$ A %AME = !M3 A %AME :I* IS ! REV]SE SIDE ( ! CULT ( ,HONOR 9 FACT4 ,ONLY ! EXT]NAL MOTIVE--- ! ALTRUI/IC MOTIVE--IS KEPT 9 EVID5CE3 ! MOTIVE :I* WAS ! MOTIVE ( ! %[ ( ALTRUISM IS CONCEAL$3 9/9CTIVELY M5 KN[ ?AT IT IS ( ! EGOI/IC & DI%ONORABLE K9D1 & A POOR SPECIM5 AT ?AT4 ,M5 W\LD NEV] 9DE$ HAVE FALL5 9TO ! ATTITUDE :I* MAKES !M A%AM$ ( IT HAD !Y NOT BE5 AW>E ?AT IT WAS POOR4 ,ALTRUISM IS EGOISM AT ! SECOND & T5? RATE1 ADOPT$ BECAUSE ( ONE'S 9ABILITY TO MAKE HEADWAY 9 ! BE/4 ,IF M5 DO NOT FEEL !MSELVES POSSESS$ ( ! P[] TO MAKE !MSELVES RESPECT$ ON ACC\NT ( !IR SKILL 9 GETT+ :AT !Y WANT !Y COMP\ND 9 A PURELY EGOI/IC B>GA9 & BECOME ,MORAL4 ,& S]VICEABLY & COMPREH5SIBLY 5\<4 ,! PLEASURE !Y WILL GET FROM APPLAUSE IS LIKELY TO EXCE$ ANY SATISFACTION !Y EXPECT TO GET FROM 5T]PRISES 9ITIAT$ BY !MSELVES3 & ON %[ ( ! BALANCE !IR EGOISM MAKES *OICE--= A CLOAK ( ALTRUISM4 7,! DISADVANTAGES !Y MEET WILL =M ANO!R /ORY47 ,BUT BECAUSE !Y >E NOT PR\D ( ! NECESSITY :I* =CES !M !Y CONCEIVE A QUITE S\ND DETE/ATION = ! 0,SE>*]S = ,TRU? 03 ALONGSIDE !IR APPROVAL ( ! PREA*]S ( ! ,MORAL ,IDEAL1 ,!Y >E SUSPICI\S ( ! EVID5CES ( 0,TRU?03 !Y >E NOT SUSPICI\S ( ! ,MORALI/'S PRAISE3 !Y HAVE NO NE$ TO BE1 BECAUSE PRAISE TO !M IS AN 5D 9 ITSELF3 IT IS :AT !Y WANT3 ! BONA-FIDE EX*ANGE = ! S]VICES !Y HAVE R5D]$4 

,! ,TROJANS W]E ADVIS$ TO BE ON !IR GU>D AGA9/ ! ,GREEKS :5 !Y CAME (F]+ GIFTS2 & S5SIBLY1 BECAUSE SU* GIFTS TO ! ,TROJANS W]E ( SMALL CONC]N3 HAD !SE GIFTS BE5 MORE TO !M ?AN ,TROY ITSELF :AT W\LD !RE HAVE BE5 TO FE> 9 RECEIV+ !M8 ,SO ) ! ,MORAL & ! ,DOM9AT$'S RECEPTION ( ! PRAISE ( ! ,MORALI/S4 ,!IR PRAISE IS ,HONOR & ,HONOR !Y HAVE MADE 9TO ! CR[N ( LIFE3 H[ %\LD !Y !N ALL[ ! PRY+ *ATT] ( SO-CALL$ 0,SE>*]S = ,TRU?0 TO 5DANG] ?AT :I* CAN CONF] ON !M !IR MO/ DESIR$ BOON3 ALL[ ! SPOIL-SPORTS & KILL-JOYS A FREE H& AMONG !IR [N SELECT$ 0GOOD40 ,& A MORAL COMMUNITY IS NOT GO+ TO WELCOME ) A %\T ( GLAD SURPRISE A TOO CLOSELY PROB+ 9QUIRY 9TO ! REASONS ( MORALS 6 ,!Y CONSID] IT IS 5\< ?AT !Y >E MORAL BECAUSE IT SUITS !M1 ALL ?+S CONSID]$4 ,& !Y >E NOT PREP>$ TO REG>D IT AS GOOD MANN]S TO 9QUIRE BEYOND A PO9T :AT ?OSE ?+S >E4 ,!IR ELABORATE ALTRUI/IC MAKE-BELIEVE 3 !IR >TIFICIAL MORALI/ CON/RUCTION IS BUILT R\ND AB\T :AT = !M CON/ITUTES ! *>M ( LIFE3 SUBTLY FLATT]$ VANITY4 ,! FACT ?AT IT IS ALL ON AN 0>TIFICIAL0 BASIS3 A V]BAL BASIS DOES NOT AFFECT !M3 9DE$ ! FACT IS LO/ SI<T ( UNTIL CIVILIZATION GIVES PLACE TO W>3 :5 ?IS BASE PROVES TO HAVE BE5 NOT ONLY >TIFICIAL BUT A TRIFLE FLIMSY4 

,M5 F9D MORALITY NONE ! WORSE1 I4E41 IT GIVES NO LESS SATISFACTION BECAUSE IT IS >TIFICIAL ?AN A PICTURE OR A NOVEL DOES BECAUSE IT IS >TIFICIAL2 ! SUBTLE/ SITUATIONS 9 LIFE GA!R R\ND JU/ ?OSE ?+S :I* >E MO/ FRAIL AT !IR F\NDATIONS1 ASSUMPTIONS :I*1 BY A TACIT UND]/&+ >E ALL[$ =1 BUT :I* >E TOO P]I%ABLE TO BE BATT]$ AB\T 9 DISCUSSION4 ,! >TIFICIALITIES ( CIVILIZATIONS >E NOT DESPICABLE BECAUSE A SWORD MAY ONE DAY %ATT] ALL !IR DELICATE & SUBTLE TRAC]Y2 !Y >E TO BE DESPIS$ ONLY :5 !Y FAIL 9 ?AT :I* !Y SET \T TO ACCOMPLI%1 I4E41 TO PROVIDE SATISFACTIONS EQUAL TO OR GREAT] ?AN ?OSE :I* !Y MI<T HAVE ATTA9$ BY A MORE NATURAL1 I4E41 A MORE FRANKLY EGOI/IC APPLICATION ( ABILITY W\LD HAVE FURNI%$4 ,ONE W\LD BE = 9/ANCE AN +RATE1 NOT TO SAY A FOOL1 TO CAVIL AT ?OSE AIDS TO BEAUTY :I* AN ILL-FAVOR$ HUMAN ADOPTS TO AV]T AT LEA/ ! REPULSION ( HIS FELL[S1 JU/ BECAUSE !Y W]E >TIFICIAL3 IF !Y S]VE !IR PURPOSE4 ,V]Y AMUS+1 *>M+1 IMPORTANT1 & IMPRESSIVE >E ! ?+S :I* >E 0>TIFICIAL40 ,EV5 A ,KRUPP GUN IS >TIFICIAL4 ,9 FACT IT IS NOT >TIFICIALITY :I* AFFECTS ! QUE/ION3 IT IS UTILITY4 ,! MEASURE ( ! VALUE ( >TIFICIALITIES LIKE ! MEASURE ( ! VALUE ( EV]Y?+ ELSE IS GAUG$ BY ! PURPOSE TO :I* !Y >E SET1 & !IR EFFICACY 9 A*IEV+ ?AT PURPOSE4 ,& PURPOSES DEP5D ON ! M5 :O PROPOSE !M3 !IR SPIRITUAL SIZE AMONG O!R ?+S4 ,HE IS A SAD & SORRY MAN :O SEEKS TO FRAME A PURPOSE BIGG] ?AN HE HAS ! CAPACITY TO 5JOY ! A*IEV+ (4 ,SO A MAN ) A PASSION = BIG S*EMES BUT )\T ! CAPACITY TO EFFECT !M DRAWS GREAT] SATISFACTION FROM BE+ A DOORKEEP] 9 ! H\SES ( ! GREAT ?AN HE C\LD EAT+ \T HIS HE>T TOIL+ AT HIS [N B5*1 ! 9DEP5D5CE ( :I* HIS TA/E CANNOT RELI%3 IT IS1 9 FACT1 TOO 9DEP5D5T = HIM4 ,:AT HE W\LD GA9 9 SATISFACTION1 ( C\RSE BY SO DO+1 HE SACRIFICES 9 /ATUS3 BUT !N ALL SATISFACTIONS DEM& !IR PRICE4 ,:5 !SE >E GREAT] ?AN \R NATURAL COMPET5CE PROVIDES = WE P]=CE LET \RSELVES \T 9TO BONDAGE IF B5T ON SECUR+ !M4 ,\R TOO GREAT WANTS & \R TOO SMALL ABILITIES >E ! EXPLOIT]'S OPPORTUNITY4 

,ONE BEG9S TO UND]/& :Y CRANKS & !IR WORKS COME TO SO LITTLE4 ,!Y HAVE ! MIS=TUNE TO WITNESS AN 9DISCRETION3 ONE LITTLE BRICK 9 ! WALL ( PRET5SE HAS FALL5 AWAY & ONE ?9 %AFT ( LI<T HAS REVEAL$ EGOISM & DUPLICITY AT SOME PO9T 9 ! S*EME ( ?+S4 ,& = ! RE/ ( !IR LIVES !Y LIVE 9 WOND] & UNEAS9ESS AT !IR [N DISCOV]Y4 ,!Y DEVOTE !IR 5]GIES TO ! BLOCK+-\T ( ?AT ONE GLEAM4 ,!Y 9AUGURATE A 0PROPAG&A40 ,?AT IT IS BUT ONE ?9 P5CIL /REAK ( AN EV]-%9+ SUN-LIKE ORB DOES NOT OCCUR TO !M4 ,! WORLD1 TO BE SURE1 IS HE$LESS ( !IR 0DISCOV]Y10 & IS 9 NO ,W,A,Y 0UPSET0 TO MEET !IR 0EXPOSURE4' ,NOR IS IT AL>M$ BY ?OSE :O CRY \T AGA9/ 0,CANT40 ,?\< M5 DO NOT CLE>LY KN[1 !Y 9/9CTIVELY FEEL ?AT ONE :O MAKES A FUSS AB\T 0CANT0 DOES NOT UND]/& CANT4 ,!Y FEEL IT IS NOT CANT ?AT IS OBJECTIONABLE BUT POOR CANT3 CANT ?AT IS SO BADLY SUNG ?AT IT FAILS 9 ITS PURPOSE1 I4E41 ! COMPLETE DECEPTION ( ?OSE :OM IT IS 9T5D$ TO IMPRESS4 ,! WAY TO DEAL ) HIM :O OBJECTS TO CANT IS TO IGNORE HIM OR SOO! HIM AS ! CASE MAY DEM&1 BUT NEV] TO FOLL[ UP HIS >GUM5T4 ,! ,*UR* ( ,ROME HAS ! PRESCI5T UND]/&+ :I* KN[S ?IS3 IT DOES NOT MAKE ! MI/AKE ( ?9K+ ?AT D\BTS CAN BE LAID TO RE/ PIECEMEAL4 ,IT KN[S ITS BUS9ESS & PROMPTLY ANA!MATIZES D\BT4 ,IT KN[S ?AT ! CORRECT ANSW] TO ALL ! >GUM5TS ( ! ,DEVIL IS TO KILL ! ,DEVIL4 ,NOR IS ! ,WORLD GREATLY PUT AB\T BY ?OSE :O MAKE LI<T ( ITS MORALS ON ! BIG SCALE3 IT =GIVES ITS ,NAPOLEONS AS SOON AS !IR IMM$IATE DISAGREEABL5ESS IS =GOTT5 & )DRAWN3 :ILE AS = ! IMMORAL ON A SMALL SCALE1 M5 CONT5T !MSELVES ) ADM9I/]+ ! USUAL & NECESS>Y SEV]E REBUKE & PUNI%M5T4 ,IT IS A DIFF]5T P]SON = :OM !Y RES]VE !IR FULL IMPLACABLE RANCOR4 ,NAPOLEON AT ! CLOSE ( A S+LE C5TURY AFT] HIS DEA? IS ALREADY HELD 9 HONOR MORE OR LESS3 BUT F\R C5TURIES HAVE PASS$ S9CE ,MA*IAVELLI WROTE ! 0,PR9CE10 & HE /ILL REMA9S 0,OLD ,NICK40 ,9 FACT1 ! ,DEVIL IS A SYMBOLIC G5]ALIZATION ( ALL ! 9JURIES DONE TO ! ,ALTRUI/IC ,9T]PRETATION BY ?OSE :O D>E TO CRUMBLE ! MORAL CONCEPTS1 & LAY B>E !IR EGOI/IC F\NDATIONS3 SO ROBB+ !M ( !IR POPUL> TITLE TO ,HONOR4 ,! ,DEVIL IS ! COMMON SPIRIT ( ALL ,BLASPHEM]S EV]Y:]E3 ,BLASPHEM]S BE+ ?OSE :O SPEAK 9JURI\SLY AGA9/ ! ,SACR$ ,WORDS4 ,! ,BLASPHEM]S >E ! FIGURES DRAWN UP 9 ANTI!SIS TO ?OSE ( ! ,H]OES4 ,A ,H]O IS ONE :O REPRES5TS ! SUBLIMATION-PO9T ( ADHESION TO ! ,DIV9E2 HIS DI/+UI%+ ATTRIBUTE IS HIS CLOSE K9%IP ) ! ,GODS TO :OSE GREAT] GLORY HIS BOLD DE$S M9I/]3 ?AT IS1 HE IS ONE :OSE DE$S E/ABLI% ! ,WORD-,SY/EM1 ! ,MORAL-,S*EME1 ! ,ALTRUI/IC-,GOOD1 BY PROVID+ !M ) A SUPREMELY HYPNOTIZ+ ,CR[N ( ,HONOR4 ,( C\RSE ! ,MORAL OR ,ALTRUI/IC ,S*EME HOLDS GOOD ONLY )9 ! LIMITS ( ! P>TICUL> COMMUNITY :I* HAS CONCEIV$ ITS [N SUM-TOTAL ( ! 0,ALL0 AS ! S+LE ,ORGANIC ,UNIT4 ,MORALITY CAN ONLY F9D A PLACE 9 A COMMUNITY 9 :I* ! V>I\S FACTIONS HAVE TRI$ !IR /R5G?1 & HAVE MORE OR LESS CONT5T$LY ACCEPT$ ! V]DICT & SETTL$ D[N 9 !IR SUITABLE CLASSES AS ,S]V]S & ,S]V$1 ,DOM9ANT & ,DOM9AT$4 ,:5 TWO SU* MORAL COMMUNITIES >E AT LOGG]-HEADS & PROCE$ TO VIOL5T W>1 MORAL BL&I%M5TS >E AT A DISC\NT4 ,AS IT IS NOT ! COMMON PEOPLE--! PRACTIC]S ( ! ALTRUI/IC & ! MORAL--:O MAKE 9T]NATIONAL W>S1 BUT RA!R ! DOM9ANT & MORE /RONGLY EGOI/IC CLASSES1 ! W>R+ P>TIES DO NOT ATTEMPT TO ADDRESS EA* O!R 9 T]MS ( MORALS SAVE 9 SO F> AS IT IS NECESS>Y TO SP>E ! MORAL SUSCEPTIBILITIES ( !IR [N RESPECTIVE FOLL[+--!IR RESPECTIVE CR[DS4 ,O!RWISE1 9 W>1 IT IS BLUNTLY A /RUGGLE ( ,MI<T AGA9/ ,MI<T3 & ALL ! WEAPONS ( ,MI<T >E PRESS$ 9TO S]VICE PRECISELY 9 SO F> AS !Y GIVE PROMISE ( SUCCESS1 I4E41 ( CRU%+ ! OPPON5T4 ,BUT >TICULATE SPOKESMAN ( NEI!R SIDE C\LD SAY AS MU* OP5LY BECAUSE ( ! ATT5TIVE E>S ( !IR FOLL[]S AS WAS SAID ABOVE3 ,!Y KN[ ?AT SOON] OR LAT] ?IS SPECIFIC K9D ( W>F>E1 FI]CE AS = ! MOM5T IT IS1 WILL CEASE = A P]IOD & NO MATT] :I* SIDE W9S OR LOSES EA* WILL HAVE TO SETTLE D[N 9 !IR [N COMMUNITIES & MAKE GOOD ONCE MORE ! ,ALTRUI/IC ,TALE AMONG !IR FELL[S4 ,A WISE ECONOMY1 !RE=E1 TEA*ES !M ?AT ?\< W> COMPELS !M TO /& FACE TO FACE ) ALL V]BAL VEILS )DRAWN BE=E ! EYES ( AN ACKN[L$G$ 5EMY1 IT IS NOT NECESS>Y TO DE/ROY !SE VEILS4 ,IF !Y HAVE NO PLACE 9 W> !Y HAVE A PLACE ( EXTREME IMPORTANCE AMONG SUBJECT$ PEOPLES AS LONG AS EV] ! ,DOM9ANT SEEK TO P]PETUATE SUBMISSION BY D9T ( ! >TIFICES ( PEACE3 BY ,WORDS 9 PREF]5CE TO ! ,SWORD4 

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,*RONOLOGY 3 
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