,:Y ,WE ,DON'T ,MAKE ,DEM&S 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,CRIME?,9C4 

,TEXT 3 

,FROM ,OCCUPY TO ,F]GUSON1 :5EV] A NEW GRASSROOTS MOVEM5T >ISES1 PUNDITS *>GE ?AT IT LACKS CLE> DEM&S4 ,:Y WON'T PROTE/]S SUMM>IZE !IR GOALS AS A COH]5T PROGRAM8 ,:Y >5'T !RE REPRES5TATIVES :O CAN NEGOTIATE ) ! AU?ORITIES TO ADVANCE A CONCRETE AG5DA ?R\< 9/ITUTIONAL *ANNELS8 ,:Y CAN'T !SE MOVEM5TS EXPRESS !MSELVES 9 FAMILI> LANGUAGE1 ) PROP] ETIQUETTE8 

,(T51 ?IS IS SIMPLY DIS+5U\S RHETORIC FROM ?OSE :O PREF] = MOVEM5TS TO LIMIT !MSELVES TO WELL-BEHAV$ APPEALS4 ,:5 WE PURSUE AN AG5DA !Y'D RA!R NOT ACKN[L$GE1 !Y *>GE ?AT WE >E IRRATIONAL OR 9COH]5T4 ,COMP>E LA/ YE>'S ,PEOPLE'S ,CLIMATE ,M>*1 :I* UNIT$ #d1 PEOPLE BEH9D A SIMPLE MESSAGE :ILE DO+ SO LITTLE TO PROTE/ ?AT IT WAS UNNECESS>Y = ! AU?ORITIES TO MAKE EV5 A S+LE >RE/1.<#a.> ) ! ,BALTIMORE UPRIS+ ( ,APRIL #b#a#e4 ,MANY PRAIS$ ! ,CLIMATE ,M>* :ILE D]ID+ ! RIOT+ 9 ,BALTIMORE AS IRRATIONAL1 UNCONSCIONABLE1 & 9EFFECTIVE2 YET ! ,CLIMATE ,M>* HAD LITTLE CONCRETE IMPACT1 :ILE ! ,BALTIMORE RIOTS COMPELL$ ! *IEF PROSECUTOR TO BR+ ALMO/ UNPREC$5T$ *>GES AGA9/ POLICE (FIC]S4 ,Y\ CAN BET IF #d1 PEOPLE RESPOND$ TO CLIMATE *ANGE ! WAY A C\PLE ?\S& RESPOND$ TO ! MURD] ( ,FR$DIE ,GRAY1 ! POLITICIANS W\LD *ANGE !IR PRIORITIES4 

,EV5 ?OSE :O DEM& DEM&S \T ( ! BE/ 9T5TIONS USUALLY MISUND]/& DEM&LESSNESS AS AN OMISSION RA!R ?AN A /RATEGIC *OICE4 ,YET TODAY'S DEM&LESS MOVEM5TS >E NOT AN EXPRESSION ( POLITICAL IMMATURITY--!Y >E A PRAGMATIC RESPONSE TO ! IMPASSE ?AT *>ACT]IZES ! 5TIRE POLITICAL SY/EM4 

,IF IT W]E SO EASY = ! AU?ORITIES TO GRANT PROTE/]S' DEM&S1 Y\'D ?9K WE'D SEE MORE ( IT4 ,9 FACT1 FROM ,OBAMA TO ,SYRIZA1 NOT EV5 ! MO/ IDEALI/IC POLITICIANS HAVE BE5 ABLE TO FOLL[ ?R\< ON ! PROMISES ( RE=M ?AT GOT !M ELECT$4 ,! FACT ?AT *>GES W]E PRESS$ AGA9/ ,FR$DIE ,GRAY'S KILL]S AFT] ! RIOTS 9 ,BALTIMORE SUGGE/S ?AT ! ONLY WAY TO MAKE ANY HEADWAY IS TO BREAK (F PETITION+ 5TIRELY4 

,SO ! PROBLEM IS NOT ?AT TODAY'S MOVEM5TS LACK DEM&S2 ! PROBLEM IS ! POLITICS ( DEM&S ITSELF4 ,IF WE SEEK /RUCTURAL *ANGE1 WE NE$ TO SET \R AG5DA \TSIDE ! DISC\RSE ( ?OSE :O HOLD P[]1 \TSIDE ! FRAMEWORK ( :AT !IR 9/ITUTIONS CAN DO4 ,WE NE$ TO /OP PRES5T+ DEM&S & />T SETT+ OBJECTIVES4 ,H]E'S :Y4 

,MAK+ DEM&S PUTS Y\ 9 A WEAK] B>GA9+ POSITION4 

  

,EV5 IF Y\R 9T5TION IS SIMPLY TO NEGOTIATE1 Y\ PUT Y\RSELF 9 A WEAK] B>GA9+ POSITION BY SPELL+ \T FROM ! BEG9N+ ! LEA/ IT W\LD TAKE TO APPEASE Y\4 ,NO %REWD NEGOTIATOR BEG9S BY MAK+ CONCESSIONS4 ,IT'S SM>T] TO APPE> IMPLACABLE3 ,SO Y\ WANT TO COME TO T]MS8 ,MAKE US AN (F]4 ,9 ! MEANTIME1 WE'LL BE H]E BLOCK+ ! FREEWAY & SETT+ ?+S ON FIRE4 

,!RE IS NO MORE P[]FUL B>GA9+ *IP ?AN BE+ ABLE TO IMPLEM5T ! *ANGES WE DESIRE \RSELVES1 BYPASS+ ! (FICIAL 9/ITUTIONS--! TRUE MEAN+ ( DIRECT ACTION4 ,:5EV] WE >E ABLE TO DO ?IS1 ! AU?ORITIES SCRAMBLE TO (F] US EV]Y?+ WE HAD PREVI\SLY REQUE/$ 9 VA94 ,= EXAMPLE1 ! ,ROE VS4 ,WADE DECISION ?AT MADE ABORTION LEGAL OCCURR$ ONLY AFT] GR\PS LIKE ! ,JANE ,COLLECTIVE SET UP SELF-ORGANIZ$ NETWORKS ?AT PROVID$ AF=DABLE ABORTIONS TO T5S ( ?\S&S ( WOM54 

,( C\RSE1 ?OSE :O CAN IMPLEM5T ! *ANGES !Y DESIRE DIRECTLY DON'T NE$ TO MAKE DEM&S ( ANYONE--& ! SOON] !Y RECOGNIZE ?IS1 ! BETT]4 ,REMEMB] H[ PEOPLE 9 ,BOSNIA BURN$ D[N GOV]NM5T BUILD+S 9 ,FEBRU>Y #b#a#d1 !N CONV5$ PL5UMS TO =MULATE DEM&S TO PRES5T TO ! GOV]NM5T4 ,A YE> LAT]1 !Y'D RECEIV$ NO?+ = !IR PA9S BUT CRIM9AL *>GES1 & ! GOV]NM5T WAS ONCE AGA9 AS /ABLE & CORRUPT AS EV]4 

,LIMIT+ A MOVEM5T TO SPECIFIC DEM&S /IFLES DIV]SITY1 SETT+ IT UP = FAILURE4 

  

,! CONV5TIONAL WISDOM IS ?AT MOVEM5TS NE$ DEM&S TO COH]E >\ND3 )\T DEM&S1 !Y WILL BE DIFFUSE1 EPHEM]AL1 9EFFECTUAL4 

,BUT PEOPLE :O HAVE DIFF]5T DEM&S1 OR NO DEM&S AT ALL1 CAN /ILL BUILD COLLECTIVE P[] TOGE!R4 ,IF WE UND]/& MOVEM5TS AS SPACES ( DIALOGUE1 COORD9ATION1 & ACTION1 IT IS EASY TO IMAG9E H[ A S+LE MOVEM5T MI<T ADVANCE A V>IETY ( AG5DAS4 ,! MORE HORIZONTALLY /RUCTUR$ IT IS1 ! MORE CAPABLE IT %\LD BE ( ACCOMMODAT+ DIV]SE GOALS4 

,! TRU? IS ?AT PRACTICALLY ALL MOVEM5TS >E WRACK$ BY 9T]NAL CONFLICTS OV] H[ TO /RUCTURE !MSELVES & H[ TO PRIORITIZE !IR GOALS4 ,! DEM& = DEM&S USUALLY >ISES AS A P[] PLAY BY ! FACTIONS )9 A MOVEM5T ?AT >E MO/ 9VE/$ 9 ! PREVAIL+ 9/ITUTIONS1 AS A MEANS ( DELEGITIMIZ+ ?OSE :O WANT TO BUILD UP P[] AUTONOM\SLY RA!R ?AN SIMPLY PETITION+ ! AU?ORITIES4 ,?IS MISREPRES5TS REAL POLITICAL DIFF]5CES AS M]E DISORGANIZATION1 & REAL OPPOSITION TO ! /RUCTURES ( GOV]NANCE AS POLITICAL NAIVETE4 

,=C+ A DIV]SE MOVEM5T TO R$UCE ITS AG5DA TO A FEW SPECIFIC DEM&S 9EVITABLY CONSOLIDATES P[] 9 ! H&S ( A M9ORITY4 ,= :O DECIDES :I* DEM&S TO PRIORITIZE8 ,USUALLY1 IT IS ! SAME SORT ( PEOPLE :O HOLD DISPROPORTIONATE P[] ELSE:]E 9 \R SOCIETY3 WEAL?Y1 PR$OM9ANTLY :ITE PR(ESSIONALS WELL V]S$ 9 ! WORK+S ( 9/ITUTIONAL P[] & ! CORPORATE M$IA4 ,! M>G9ALIZ$ >E M>G9ALIZ$ AGA9 )9 !IR [N MOVEM5TS1 9 ! NAME ( EFFICACY4 

,YET ?IS R>ELY S]VES TO MAKE A MOVEM5T MORE EFFECTIVE4 ,A MOVEM5T ) SPACE = DIFF]5CE CAN GR[2 A MOVEM5T PREMIS$ ON UNANIMITY CONTRACTS4 ,A MOVEM5T ?AT 9CLUDES A V>IETY ( AG5DAS IS FLEXIBLE1 UNPR$ICTABLE2 IT IS DIFFICULT TO BUY IT (F1 DIFFICULT TO TRICK ! P>TICIPANTS 9TO REL9QUI%+ !IR AUTONOMY 9 RETURN = A FEW CONCESSIONS4 ,A MOVEM5T ?AT PRIZES R$UCTIVE UNI=MITY IS B\ND TO ALI5ATE ONE DEMOGRAPHIC AFT] ANO!R AS IT SUBORD9ATES !IR NE$S & CONC]NS4 

,A MOVEM5T ?AT 9CORPORATES A V>IETY ( P]SPECTIVES & CRITIQUES CAN DEVELOP MORE COMPREH5SIVE & MULTIFACET$ /RATEGIES ?AN A S+LE-ISSUE CAMPAIGN4 ,=C+ EV]YONE TO L9E UP BEH9D ONE SET ( DEM&S IS BAD /RATEGY3 EV5 :5 IT WORKS1 IT DOESN'T WORK4 

,LIMIT+ A MOVEM5T TO SPECIFIC DEM&S UND]M9ES ITS LONGEVITY4 

  

,N[ADAYS1 AS HI/ORY MOVES FA/] & FA/]1 DEM&S >E (T5 R5D]$ OBSOLETE BE=E A CAMPAIGN CAN EV5 GET (F ! GR\ND4 ,9 RESPONSE TO ! MURD] ( ,MI*AEL ,BR[N1 RE=MI/S DEM&$ ?AT POLICE WE> BODY CAM]AS--BUT BE=E ?IS CAMPAIGN C\LD GET FULLY UND]WAY1 A GR& JURY ANN\NC$ ?AT ! (FIC] :O MURD]$ ,]IC ,G>N] W\LD NOT BE TRI$1 EI!R1 EV5 ?\< ,G>N]'S MURD] HAD BE5 CAU<T ON CAM]A4 

,MOVEM5TS PREMIS$ ON SPECIFIC DEM&S WILL COLLAPSE AS SOON AS ?OSE DEM&S >E \TPAC$ BY EV5TS1 :ILE ! PROBLEMS ?AT !Y SET \T TO ADDRESS P]SI/4 ,EV5 FROM A RE=MI/ P]SPECTIVE1 IT MAKES MORE S5SE TO BUILD MOVEM5TS >\ND ! ISSUES !Y ADDRESS1 RA!R ?AN ANY P>TICUL> SOLUTION4 

,LIMIT+ A MOVEM5T TO SPECIFIC DEM&S CAN GIVE ! FALSE IMPRESSION ?AT !RE >E EASY SOLUTIONS TO PROBLEMS ?AT >E ACTUALLY EXTREMELY COMPLEX4 

  

0,O,K1 Y\ HAVE A LOT ( COMPLA9TS--:O DOESN'T8 ,BUT TELL US1 :AT SOLUTION DO Y\ PROPOSE80 

,! DEM& = CONCRETE P>TICUL>S IS UND]/&ABLE4 ,!RE'S NO USE 9 SIMPLY LETT+ (F /EAM2 ! PO9T IS TO *ANGE ! WORLD4 ,BUT MEAN+FUL *ANGE WILL TAKE A LOT MORE ?AN :ATEV] M9OR ADJU/M5TS ! AU?ORITIES MI<T READILY GRANT4 ,:5 WE SPEAK AS ?\< !RE >E SIMPLE SOLUTIONS = ! PROBLEMS WE FACE1 HURRY+ TO PRES5T \RSELVES AS NO LESS 0PRACTICAL0 ?AN GOV]NM5T POLICY EXP]TS1 WE SET ! /AGE = FAILURE :E!R \R DEM&S >E GRANT$ OR NOT4 ,?IS WILL GIVE RISE TO DISAPPO9TM5T & APA?Y LONG BE=E WE HAVE DEVELOP$ ! COLLECTIVE CAPACITY TO GET TO ! ROOT ( ?+S4 

,ESPECIALLY = ?OSE ( US :O BELIEVE ?AT ! FUNDAM5TAL PROBLEM IS ! UNEQUAL DI/RIBUTION ( P[] & AG5CY 9 \R SOCIETY1 RA!R ?AN ! NE$ = ?IS OR ?AT POLICY ADJU/M5T1 IT IS A MI/AKE TO PROMISE EASY REM$IES 9 A VA9 ATTEMPT TO LEGITIMIZE \RSELVES4 ,IT'S NOT \R JOB TO PRES5T READY-MADE SOLUTIONS ?AT ! MASSES CAN APPLAUD FROM ! SIDEL9ES2 LEAVE ?AT TO DEMAGOGUES4 ,\R *ALL5GE1 RA!R1 IS TO CREATE SPACES :]E PEOPLE CAN DISCUSS & IMPLEM5T SOLUTIONS DIRECTLY1 ON AN ONGO+ & COLLECTIVE BASIS4 ,RA!R ?AN PROPOS+ QUICK FIXES1 WE %\LD BE SPREAD+ NEW PRACTICES4 ,WE DON'T NE$ BLUEPR9TS1 BUT PO9TS ( DEP>TURE4 

,MAK+ DEM&S PRESUMES ?AT Y\ WANT ?+S ?AT Y\R ADV]S>Y CAN GRANT4 

  

,ON ! CONTR>Y1 IT'S D\BTFUL :E!R ! PREVAIL+ 9/ITUTIONS C\LD GRANT MO/ ( ! ?+S WE WANT EV5 IF \R RUL]S HAD HE>TS ( GOLD4 ,NO CORPORATE 9ITIATIVE IS GO+ TO HALT CLIMATE *ANGE2 NO GOV]NM5T AG5CY IS GO+ TO /OP SPY+ ON ! POPULACE2 NO POLICE =CE IS GO+ TO ABOLI% :ITE PRIVILEGE4 ,ONLY ,N,G,O ORGANIZ]S /ILL CL+ TO ! ILLUSION ?AT !SE ?+S >E POSSIBLE--PROBABLY BECAUSE !IR JOBS DEP5D ON IT4 

,A /RONG 5\< MOVEM5T C\LD /RIKE BL[S AGA9/ 9DU/RIAL POLLUTION1 /ATE SURVEILLANCE1 & 9/ITUTIONALIZ$ :ITE SUPREMACY1 BUT ONLY IF IT DIDN'T LIMIT ITSELF TO M]E PETITION+4 ,DEM&-BAS$ POLITICS LIMITS ! 5TIRE SCOPE ( *ANGE TO RE=MS ?AT CAN BE MADE )9 ! LOGIC ( ! EXI/+ ORD]1 SIDEL9+ US & DEF]R+ REAL *ANGE =EV] BEYOND ! HORIZON4 

,!RE'S NO USE 9 ASK+ ! AU?ORITIES = ?+S !Y CAN'T GRANT & W\LDN'T GRANT IF !Y C\LD4 ,NOR %\LD WE GIVE !M AN EXCUSE TO ACQUIRE EV5 MORE P[] ?AN !Y ALREADY HAVE1 ON ! PRETEXT ?AT !Y NE$ IT TO BE ABLE TO FULFILL \R DEM&S4 

,MAK+ DEM&S ( ! AU?ORITIES LEGITIMIZES !IR P[]1 C5TRALIZ+ AG5CY 9 !IR H&S4 

  

,IT IS A TIME-HONOR$ TRADITION = NONPR(IT ORGANIZATIONS & LEFTI/ COALITIONS TO PRES5T DEM&S ?AT !Y KN[ WILL NEV] BE GRANT$3 DON'T 9VADE ,IRAQ1 /OP DEFUND+ $UCATION1 BAIL \T PEOPLE NOT BANKS1 MAKE ! POLICE /OP KILL+ BLACK PEOPLE4 ,9 RETURN = BRIEF AUDI5CES ) BUREAUCRATS :O ANSW] TO MU* %REWD] PLAY]S1 !Y WAT] D[N !IR POLITICS & TRY TO GET !IR LESS COMPLAISANT COLLEAGUES TO BEHAVE !MSELVES4 ,?IS IS :AT !Y CALL PRAGMATISM4 

,SU* EF=TS MAY NOT A*IEVE !IR EXPRESS PURPOSE1 BUT !Y DO ACCOMPLI% SOME?+3 !Y FRAME A N>RATIVE 9 :I* ! EXI/+ 9/ITUTIONS >E ! ONLY CONCEIVABLE PROTAGONI/S ( *ANGE4 ,?IS1 9 TURN1 PAVES ! WAY = ADDITIONAL FRUITLESS CAMPAIGNS1 ADDITIONAL ELECTORAL SPECTACLES 9 :I* NEW C&IDATES = (FICE HOODW9K Y\NG IDEALI/S1 ADDITIONAL YE>S ( P>ALYZES 9 :I* ! AV]AGE P]SON CAN ONLY IMAG9E ACCESS+ H] [N P[] ?R\< ! M$IATION ( SOME POLITICAL P>TY OR ORGANIZATION4 ,REW9D ! TAPE & PLAY IT AGA94 

,REAL SELF-DET]M9ATION IS NOT SOME?+ ?AT ANY AU?ORITY CAN GRANT US4 ,WE HAVE TO DEVELOP IT BY ACT+ ON \R [N /R5G?1 C5T]+ \RSELVES 9 ! N>RATIVE AS ! PROTAGONI/S ( HI/ORY4 

,MAK+ DEM&S TOO E>LY CAN LIMIT ! SCOPE ( A MOVEM5T 9 ADVANCE1 %UTT+ D[N ! FIELD ( POSSIBILITY4 

  

,AT ! BEG9N+ ( A MOVEM5T1 :5 ! P>TICIPANTS HAVE NOT YET HAD A *ANCE TO GET A S5SE ( !IR COLLECTIVE P[]1 !Y MAY NOT BE ABLE TO RECOGNIZE H[ ?OR\<GO+ ! *ANGES !Y WANT REALLY >E4 ,TO FRAME DEM&S AT ?IS PO9T 9 ! TRAJECTORY ( A MOVEM5T CAN /UNT IT1 LIMIT+ ! AMBITIONS & IMAG9ATION ( ! P>TICIPANTS4 ,LIKEWISE1 SETT+ A PREC$5T AT ! BEG9N+ = N>R[+ OR WAT]+ D[N ITS GOALS ONLY 9CREASES ! LIKELIHOOD ?AT ?IS WILL HAPP5 AGA9 & AGA94 

,IMAG9E IF ! ,OCCUPY MOVEM5T HAD AGRE$ ON CONCRETE DEM&S AT ! V]Y BEG9N+--W\LD IT /ILL HAVE S]V$ AS AN OP5 SPACE 9 :I* SO MANY PEOPLE C\LD MEET1 DEVELOP !IR ANALYSIS1 & BECOME RADICALIZ$8 ,OR W\LD IT HAVE 5D$ UP AS A S+LE PROTE/ 5CAMPM5T CONC]N$ ONLY ) CORPORATE P]SONHOOD1 BUDGET CUTS1 & P]HAPS ! ,F$]AL ,RES]VE8 ,IT IS BETT] = ! OBJECTIVES ( A MOVEM5T TO DEVELOP AS ! MOVEM5T ITSELF DEVELOPS1 9 PROPORTION TO ITS CAPACITY4 

,MAK+ DEM&S E/ABLI%ES SOME PEOPLE AS REPRES5TATIVES ( ! MOVEM5T1 E/ABLI%+ AN 9T]NAL HI]>*Y & GIV+ !M AN 9C5TIVE TO CONTROL ! O!R P>TICIPANTS4 

  

,9 PRACTICE1 UNIFY+ A MOVEM5T BEH9D SPECIFIC DEM&S USUALLY MEANS DESIGNAT+ SPOKESPEOPLE TO NEGOTIATE ON ITS BEHALF4 ,EV5 IF !SE >E *OS5 0DEMOCRATICALLY10 ON ! BASIS ( !IR COMMITM5T & EXP]I5CE1 !Y CAN'T HELP BUT DEVELOP DIFF]5T 9T]E/S FROM ! O!R P>TICIPANTS AS A CONSEQU5CE ( PLAY+ ?IS ROLE4 

,9 ORD] TO MA9TA9 CR$IBILITY 9 !IR ROLE AS NEGOTIATORS1 SPOKESPEOPLE MU/ BE ABLE TO PACIFY OR ISOLATE ANYONE ?AT IS NOT WILL+ TO GO ALONG ) ! B>GA9S !Y /RIKE4 ,?IS GIVES ASPIR+ LEAD]S AN 9C5TIVE TO DEMON/RATE ?AT !Y CAN REIGN 9 9 ! MOVEM5T1 9 HOPES ( E>N+ A SEAT AT ! NEGOTIAT+ TABLE4 ,! SAME C\RAGE\S S\LS :OSE UNCOMPROMIS+ ACTIONS WON ! MOVEM5T ITS LEV]AGE 9 ! FIR/ PLACE SUDD5LY F9D C>E] ACTIVI/S :O JO9$ AFT]W>DS TELL+ !M :AT TO DO--OR D5Y+ ?AT !Y >E P>T ( ! MOVEM5T AT ALL4 ,?IS DRAMA PLAY$ \T 9 ,F]GUSON 9 ,AUGU/ #b#a#d1 :]E ! LOCALS :O GOT ! MOVEM5T (F ! GR\ND BY /&+ UP TO ! POLICE W]E SL&]$ BY POLITICIANS & PUBLIC FIGURES AS \TSID]S TAK+ ADVANTAGE ( ! MOVEM5T TO 5GAGE 9 CRIM9AL ACTIVITY4 ,! EXACT OPPOSITE WAS TRUE3 \TSID]S W]E SEEK+ TO HIJACK A MOVEM5T 9ITIAT$ BY HONORABLE ILLEGAL ACTIVITY1 9 ORD] TO RE-LEGITIMIZE ! 9/ITUTIONS ( AU?ORITY4 

,9 ! LONG RUN1 ?IS SORT ( PACIFICATION CAN ONLY CONTRIBUTE TO A MOVEM5T'S DEMISE4 ,?AT EXPLA9S ! AMBIGU\S RELATION MO/ LEAD]S HAVE ) ! MOVEM5TS !Y REPRES5T3 TO BE ( USE TO ! AU?ORITIES1 !Y HAVE TO BE CAPABLE ( SUBDU+ !IR COMRADES1 BUT !IR S]VICES W\LD NOT BE REQUIR$ AT ALL IF ! MOVEM5T DID NOT POSE SOME K9D ( ?REAT4 ,H5CE ! /RANGE ADMIXTURE ( MILITANT RHETORIC & PRACTICAL OB/RUCTION ?AT (T5 *>ACT]IZES SU* FIGURES3 !Y MU/ RIDE ! /ORM1 YET HOLD IT AT BAY4 

,SOMETIMES ! WOR/ ?+ ?AT CAN HAPP5 TO A MOVEM5T IS = ITS DEM&S TO BE MET4 

  

,RE=M S]VES TO /ABILIZE & PRES]VE ! /ATUS QUO1 KILL+ ! MOM5TUM ( SOCIAL MOVEM5TS1 5SUR+ ?AT MORE ?OR\<GO+ *ANGE DOES NOT TAKE PLACE4 ,GRANT+ SMALL DEM&S CAN S]VE TO DIVIDE A P[]FUL MOVEM5T1 P]SUAD+ ! LESS COMMITT$ P>TICIPANTS TO GO HOME OR TURN A BL9D EYE TO ! REPRESSION ( ?OSE :O WILL NOT COMPROMISE4 ,SU* SMALL VICTORIES >E ONLY GRANT$ BECAUSE ! AU?ORITIES CONSID] !M ! BE/ WAY TO AVOID BIGG] *ANGES4 

,9 TIMES ( UPHEAVAL1 :5 EV]Y?+ IS UP = GRABS1 ONE WAY TO DEFUZE A BURGEON+ REVOLT IS TO GRANT ITS DEM&S BE=E IT HAS TIME TO ESCALATE4 ,SOMETIMES ?IS LOOKS LIKE A REAL VICTORY--AS 9 ,SLOV5IA 9 #b#a#c1 :5 TWO MON?S ( PROTE/ TOPPL$ ! PRESID+ GOV]NM5T4 ,?IS PUT AN 5D TO ! UNRE/ BE=E IT C\LD ADDRESS ! SY/EMIC PROBLEMS ?AT GAVE RISE TO IT1 :I* RAN MU* DEEP] ?AN :I* POLITICIANS W]E 9 (FICE4 ,ANO!R GOV]NM5T CAME TO P[] :ILE ! DEMON/RATORS W]E /ILL DAZ$ AT !IR [N SUCCESS--& BUS9ESS AS USUAL RESUM$4 

,DUR+ ! BUILDUP TO ! #baa REVOLUTION 9 ,EGYPT1 ,MUB>AK REPEAT$LY (F]$ :AT ! DEMON/RATORS HAD BE5 DEM&+ A C\PLE DAYS E>LI]2 BUT AS ! SITUATION ON ! /REETS 9T5SIFI$1 ! P>TICIPANTS BECAME MORE & MORE IMPLACABLE4 ,HAD ,MUB>AK (F]$ MORE1 SOON]1 HE MI<T /ILL BE 9 P[] TODAY4 ,9DE$1 ! ,EGYPTIAN REVOLUTION ULTIMATELY FAIL$ NOT BECAUSE IT ASK$ = TOO MU*1 BUT BECAUSE IT DIDN'T GO F> 5\<3 9 UNSEAT+ ! DICTATOR BUT LEAV+ ! 9FRA/RUCTURE ( ! >MY & ! 0DEEP /ATE0 9 PLACE1 REVOLUTION>IES LEFT ! DOOR OP5 = NEW DESPOTS TO CONSOLIDATE P[]4 ,= ! REVOLUTION TO SUCCE$1 !Y W\LD HAVE HAD TO DEMOLI% ! >*ITECTURE ( ! /ATE ITSELF :ILE EV]YONE WAS /ILL 9 ! /REETS & ! W9D[ ( POSSIBILITY REMA9$ OP54 0,! PEOPLE DEM& ! FALL ( ! REGIME0 (F]$ A CONV5I5T PLAT=M = MU* ( ,EGYPT TO RALLY >\ND1 BUT DID NOT PREP>E !M TO TAKE ON ! REGIMES ?AT FOLL[$4 

,9 ,BRAZIL 9 #b#a#c1 ! ,M,P,L 7,MOVIM5TO ,PASSE ,LIVRE7 HELP$ CATALYZE MASSIVE PROTE/S AGA9/ AN 9CREASE 9 ! CO/ ( PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION2 ?IS IS ONE ( ! ONLY REC5T EXAMPLES ( A MOVEM5T ?AT SUCCE$$ 9 GETT+ ITS DEM&S MET4 ,MILLIONS ( PEOPLE TOOK TO ! /REETS1 & ! TW5TY-C5T F>E HIKE WAS CANCEL$4 ,BRAZILIAN ACTIVI/S WROTE & LECTUR$ AB\T ! IMPORTANCE ( SETT+ CONCRETE & A*IEVABLE DEM&S1 9 ORD] TO BUILD UP MOM5TUM BY 9CREM5TAL VICTORIES4 ,NEXT1 !Y HOP$ TO =CE ! GOV]NM5T TO MAKE TRANSPORTATION FREE4 

,:Y DID !IR CAMPAIGN AGA9/ ! F>E HIKE SUCCE$8 ,AT ! TIME1 ,BRAZIL WAS ONE ( ! FEW NATIONS WORLDWIDE ) AN ASC5DANT ECONOMY2 IT HAD B5EFITT$ FROM ! GLOBAL ECONOMIC CRISIS BY DRAW+ 9VE/M5T DOLL>S AWAY FROM ! VOLATILE ,NOR? ,AM]ICAN M>KET4 ,ELSE:]E--9 ,GREECE1 ,SPA91 & EV5 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES--GOV]NM5TS HAD !IR BACKS TO ! WALL NO LESS ?AN ANTI-AU/]ITY PROTE/]S1 & C\LD NOT HAVE GRANT$ !IR DEM&S EV5 IF !Y WI%$ TO4 ,IT WAS NOT = WANT ( SPECIFIC DEM&S ?AT NO O!R MOVEM5T WAS ABLE TO A*IEVE SU* CONCESSIONS4 

,SC>CELY A YE> & A HALF LAT]1 :5 ! /REETS HAD EMPTI$ \T & ! POLICE HAD REASS]T$ !IR P[]1 ! ,BRAZILIAN GOV]NM5T 9TRODUC$ ANO!R S]IES ( F>E HIKES--BIGG] ONES ?IS TIME4 ,! ,M,P,L HAD TO />T ALL OV] AGA94 ,IT TURNS \T Y\ CAN'T OV]?R[ CAPITALISM ONE RE=M AT A TIME4 

,IF Y\ WANT TO W9 CONCESSIONS1 AIM BEYOND ! T>GET4 

  

,EV5 IF ALL Y\ WANT IS TO BR+ AB\T A FEW M9OR ADJU/M5TS 9 ! /ATUS QUO1 IT IS /ILL A WIS] /RATEGY TO SET \T TO A*IEVE /RUCTURAL *ANGE4 ,(T51 TO ACCOMPLI% SMALL CONCRETE OBJECTIVES1 WE HAVE TO SET \R SI<TS MU* HI<]4 ,?OSE :O REFUSE TO COMPROMISE PRES5T ! AU?ORITIES ) AN UNDESIRABLE ALT]NATIVE TO TREAT+ ) RE=MI/S4 ,SOMEONE IS ALWAYS GO+ TO BE WILL+ TO TAKE ! POSITION ( NEGOTIATOR--BUT ! MORE PEOPLE REFUSE1 ! /RONG] ! NEGOTIATOR'S B>GA9+ POSITION WILL BE4 ,! CLASSIC REF]5CE PO9T H]E IS ! RELATION BETWE5 ,M>T9 ,LU!R ,K+1 ,JR4 & ,MALCOLM ,X3 IF NOT = ! ?REAT IMPLI$ BY ,MALCOLM ,X1 ! AU?ORITIES W\LD NOT HAVE HAD SU* AN 9C5TIVE TO P>LEY ) ,DR4 ,K+4 

,= ?OSE ( US :O WANT A TRULY RADICAL *ANGE1 !RE IS NO?+ TO BE GA9$ BY WAT]+ D[N \R DESIRES = PUBLIC CONSUMPTION4 ,! ,OV]TON W9D[--! RANGE ( POSSIBILITIES CONSID]$ POLITICALLY VIABLE--IS NOT DET]M9$ BY ?OSE AT ! PURPORT$ C5T] ( ! POLITICAL SPECTRUM1 BUT BY ! \TLI]S4 ,! BROAD] ! DI/RIBUTION ( OPTIONS1 ! MORE T]RITORY OP5S UP4 ,O!RS MAY NOT IMM$IATELY JO9 Y\ ON ! FR+ES1 BUT KN[+ ?AT SOME PEOPLE >E WILL+ TO ASS]T ?AT AG5DA MAY EMBOLD5 !M TO ACT MORE AMBITI\SLY !MSELVES4 

,9 PURELY PRAGMATIC T]MS1 ?OSE :O EMBRACE A DIV]SITY ( TACTICS >E /RONG]1 EV5 :5 IT COMES TO A*IEV+ SMALL VICTORIES1 ?AN ?OSE :O TRY TO LIMIT !MSELVES & O!RS & TO EXCLUDE ?OSE :O REFUSE TO BE LIMIT$4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 FROM ! P]SPECTIVE ( LONG-T]M /RATEGY1 ! MO/ IMPORTANT ?+ IS NOT :E!R WE A*IEVE ANY P>TICUL> IMM$IATE RESULT1 BUT H[ EA* 5GAGEM5T POSITIONS US = ! NEXT R\ND4 ,IF WE 5DLESSLY DEF] ! QUE/IONS WE REALLY WANT TO ASK1 ! RI<T MOM5T WILL NEV] >RIVE4 ,WE DON'T JU/ NE$ TO W9 CONCESSIONS2 WE NE$ TO DEVELOP CAPABILITIES4 

,DO+ )\T DEM&S DOESN'T MEAN C$+ ! SPACE ( POLITICAL DISC\RSE4 

  

,P]HAPS ! MO/ P]SUASIVE >GUM5T 9 FAVOR ( MAK+ CONCRETE DEM&S IS ?AT IF WE DON'T MAKE !M1 O!RS WILL--HIJACK+ ! MOM5TUM ( \R ORGANIZ+ TO ADVANCE !IR [N AG5DAS4 ,:AT IF1 BECAUSE WE FAIL TO PRES5T DEM&S1 PEOPLE 5D UP CONSOLIDAT+ >\ND A LIB]AL RE=MI/ PLAT=M--OR1 AS 9 MANY P>TS ( ,EUROPE TODAY1 A RI<T-W+ NATIONALI/ AG5DA8 

,C]TA9LY1 ?IS ILLU/RATES ! DANG] ( FAIL+ TO EXPRESS \R VISIONS ( TRANS=MATION TO ?OSE ) :OM WE %>E ! /REETS4 ,IT IS A MI/AKE TO ESCALATE \R TACTICS )\T COMMUNICAT+ AB\T \R GOALS1 AS IF ALL CONFRONTATION NECESS>ILY T5D$ 9 ! DIRECTION ( LIB]ATION4 ,9 ,UKRA9E1 :]E ! SAME T5SIONS & MOM5TUM ?AT HAD GIV5 RISE TO ! ,>AB ,SPR+ & ,OCCUPY PRODUC$ A NATIONALI/ REVOLUTION & CIVIL W>1 WE SEE H[ EV5 FASCI/S CAN APPROPRIATE \R ORGANIZATIONAL & TACTICAL MODELS = !IR [N PURPOSES4 

,BUT ?IS IS H>DLY AN >GUM5T TO ADDRESS DEM&S TO ! AU?ORITIES4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 IF WE ALWAYS CONCEAL \R RADICAL DESIRES )9 A COMMON RE=MI/ FRONT = FE> ( ALI5AT+ ! G5]AL PUBLIC1 ?OSE :O >E IMPATI5T = REAL *ANGE WILL BE ALL ! MORE LIKELY TO RUN 9TO ! >MS ( NATIONALI/S & FASCI/S1 AS ! ONLY ONES OP5LY SEEK+ TO *ALL5GE ! /ATUS QUO4 ,WE NE$ TO BE EXPLICIT AB\T :AT WE WANT & H[ WE 9T5D TO GO AB\T GETT+ IT4 ,NOT 9 ORD] TO =CE \R ME?ODOLOGY ON EV]YONE1 AS AU?ORIT>IAN ORGANIZ]S DO1 BUT TO (F] AN OPPORTUNITY & EXAMPLE TO EV]YONE ELSE :O IS LOOK+ = A WAY =W>D4 ,NOT TO PRES5T A DEM&1 BUT BECAUSE ?IS IS ! OPPOSITE ( A DEM&3 WE WANT SELF-DET]M9ATION1 SOME?+ NO ONE CAN GIVE US4 

,IF NOT DEM&S1 !N :AT8 

  

,! WAY WE ANALYZE1 ! WAY WE ORGANIZE1 ! WAY WE FI<T--!SE %\LD SPEAK = !MSELVES4 ,!Y %\LD S]VE AS AN 9VITATION TO JO9 US 9 A DIFF]5T WAY ( DO+ POLITICS1 BAS$ 9 DIRECT ACTION RA!R ?AN PETITION+4 ,! PEOPLE 9 ,F]GUSON & ,BALTIMORE :O RESPOND$ TO ! MURD]S ( ,MI*AEL ,BR[N & ,FR$DIE ,GRAY BY PHYSICALLY CONFRONT+ ! POLICE DID MORE TO =CE ! ISSUE ( POLICE VIOL5CE ?AN DECADES ( PLEAD+ = COMMUNITY OV]SI<T4 ,SEIZ+ SPACES & R$I/RIBUT+ RES\RCES1 WE SIDE/EP ! S5SELESSLY CIRCUIT\S MA*9]Y ( REPRES5TATION4 ,IF WE MU/ S5D A MESSAGE TO ! AU?ORITIES1 LET IT BE ?IS S+LE1 SIMPLE DEM&3 ,DON'T MESS ) US4 

,9/EAD ( MAK+ DEM&S1 LET'S />T SETT+ OBJECTIVES4 ,! DIFF]5CE IS ?AT WE SET OBJECTIVES ON \R [N T]MS1 AT \R [N PACE1 AS OPPORTUNITIES >ISE4 ,!Y NE$ NOT BE FRAM$ )9 ! LOGIC ( ! RUL+ P[]S1 & !IR REALIZATION DOES NOT DEP5D UPON ! GOODWILL ( ! AU?ORITIES4 ,! ESS5CE ( RE=MISM IS ?AT EV5 :5 Y\ W9 SOME?+1 Y\ DON'T RETA9 CONTROL OV] IT4 ,WE %\LD BE DEVELOP+ ! P[] TO ACT ON \R [N T]MS1 9DEP5D5T ( ! 9/ITUTIONS WE >E TAK+ ON4 ,?IS IS A LONG-T]M PROJECT1 & AN URG5T ONE4 

,9 PURSU+ & A*IEV+ OBJECTIVES1 WE DEVELOP ! CAPACITY TO SEEK MORE & MORE AMBITI\S GOALS4 ,?IS /&S 9 />K CONTRA/ TO ! WAY RE=MI/ MOVEM5TS T5D TO COLLAPSE :5 !IR DEM&S >E REALIZ$ OR %[N TO BE UNREALI/IC4 ,\R MOVEM5TS WILL BE /RONG] IF !Y CAN ACCOMMODATE A V>IETY ( OBJECTIVES1 SO LONG AS ?OSE DO NOT OP5LY CONFLICT4 ,:5 WE UND]/& EA* O!R'S OBJECTIVES1 IT IS POSSIBLE TO ID5TIFY :]E IT MAKES S5SE TO COOP]ATE1 & :]E IT DOESN'T--A K9D ( CL>ITY ?AT DOES NOT RESULT FROM L9+ UP BEH9D A L[E/-COMMON-D5OM9ATOR DEM&4 

,FROM ?IS VANTAGE PO9T1 WE CAN SEE ?AT *OOS+ NOT TO MAKE DEM&S IS NOT NECESS>ILY A SIGN ( POLITICAL IMMATURITY4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 IT CAN BE A SAVVY REFUSAL TO FALL 9TO ! TRAPS ?AT DISABL$ ! PREVI\S G5]ATION4 ,LET'S LE>N \R [N /R5G?1 \TSIDE ! CAGES & QUEUES ( REPRES5TATIONAL POLITICS--BEYOND ! POLITICS ( DEM&S4  
  

0,P]HAPS1 H[EV]1 ! MORAL ( ! /ORY 7& ! HOPE ( ! WORLD7 LIES 9 :AT ONE DEM&S1 NOT ( O!RS1 BUT ( ONESELF40 

-,JAMES ,BALDW91  

,NO ,NAME 9 ! ,/REET  
  

.<#a.> ,:5 WAS ! LA/ TIME #d1 PEOPLE W]E ANY:]E 9 ,NEW ,YORK )\T ! POLICE >RE/+ ANYONE8 ,?AT WAS PROTE/ NOT JU/ AS PRESSURE VALVE1 BUT AS ACTIVE PACIFICATION--AS A WAY ( DIM9I%+ ! FRICTION BETWE5 PROTE/]S & ! ORD] !Y OPPOSE4 

7,S\RCE3 ,RETRIEV$ ON #bND ,DECEMB] #bb FROM CRIME?9C4COM47 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,JANU>Y #a#e1 #bbb 3 ,:Y ,WE ,DON'T ,MAKE ,DEM&S -- ,ADD$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
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