,W9D ,5]GY ,DEVELOPM5T1 ,CONFLICT @& ,RESI/ANCE 
,ALEX&] ,DUNLAP TALKS AB\T HIS NEW BOOK ,R5EW+ ,DE/RUCTION3 ,W9D ,5]GY ,DEVELOPM5T1 ,CONFLICT & ,RESI/ANCE ) ,PR(ESSOR ,M>IEL ,AGUIL>-,/O5 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,ALEX&] ,DUNLAP 

,AU?OR 3 ,M>IEL ,CRI/9A ,/O5 

,TEXT 3 

,M,A,S3 ,I W\LD LIKE TO />T BY ASK+ IF Y\ CAN TELL US A LITTLE BIT AB\T Y\8 

,A,D3 ,\UUHHH444 ,I AM A DIRTY SKATEBO>D] TURN$ ACADEMIC :O N[ HAS A PO/-DOCTORAL POSITION AT ! ,C5T] = ,DEVELOPM5T & ! ,5VIRONM5T1 ,UNIV]SITY ( ,OSLO4 ,:]E ,I AM PR\DLY A P>T ( ! ,RURAL ,TRANS=MATIONS GR\P1 :I* Y\ LEAD4 

,M,A,S3 ,I F\ND SOME?+ Y\ WROTE 9 ! BOOK ,I W\LD LIKE Y\ TO EXPLA94 ,IT IS ?IS ADAPTATION ( ,MI*EL ,F\CAULT1 :]E Y\ SAY3 0,H[ DO Y\ EXPECT OV] A ?\S& W9D TURB9ES--OP]AT+1 PLANN$ & PLAC$ 9 ! L&S ( ,MEXICO--TO HAVE SURVIV$1 & TO HAVE E/ABLI%$ & ACTUALLY MA9TA9$ P]MAN5T P[] G5]ATION 9 ! COA/AL ,I/MO8 7P4 #b#a740 ,H[ DOES ?IS TIE 9 TO :AT ! BOOK'S AB\T8 

,A,D3 ,SO1 YES1 ?IS IS A PLAY ON ,F\CAULT'S WORDS :5 HE WAS GIV+ A LECTURE ON COLONIAL CONQUE/1 MEAN:ILE REALLY RAIS+ ! QUE/ION3 ,H[ DOES A LESS] NUMB] ( PEOPLE--A M9ORITY 9VAD] POPULATION--TAKE OV]1 SETTLE & CONTROL ANO!R L& & PEOPLE8 ,& ?IS BOOK REALLY IS ASK+ ! SAME QUE/ION3 ,H[ DO A BUN* ( C]TA9 ELITE OR BUS9ESS ACTORS MOVE 9TO A T]RITORY1 BUILD ?IS 9FRA/RUCTURE & BEG9 ACCUMULAT+ 5]GY :5 !RE IS A WELL-KN[N & /RONG OPPOSITION T[>DS !SE PROJECTS--AT LEA/ NE> ! ,LAGOON4 ,?IS BOOK REALLY EXAM9ES H[ ! PROJECTS COME TO EXI/1 H[ !Y CONT9UE TO EXI/ & G5]ATE P[] 9 A CONTEXT :]E !Y >E POPUL>LY OPPOS$4 ,IT IS REALLY TRY+ TO LOOK AT ! WAY H[ DEVELOPM5T PROJECTS--EV5 IF !Y >E UNPOPUL>--CAN 5T] A REGION & BEG9 TO CONTROL ! T]RITORY1 MAKE ! POPULATION ACQUIESCE TO ! PROJECT & />T CONTROLL+ L&1 BUT ALSO H>NESS+ ! VITALITY ( W9D RES\RCES 9 ?AT >EA4 ,SO1 IT IS REALLY LOOK+ AT H[ MEGAPROJECTS 5T] A REGION1 BUT ALSO ! DYNAMICS ?AT BEG9 TO =M4 ,?IS 9CLUDES ! DIVISIVE TACTICS EMPLOY$ BY COMPANIES ?AT MAKES IT MORE DIFFICULT = PEOPLE TO ORGANIZE !MSELVES TO RESI/ !SE PROJECTS ADEQUATELY4 

,M,A,S3 ,IT IS ALSO 9T]E/+ ?AT Y\ />T Y\R BOOK ) A CRITIQUE ( AN?ROPOLOGY & ?AT Y\ M5TION E?ICS 9 RELATION%IP TO AN?ROPOLOGICAL RESE>*4 ,CAN Y\ EXPLA9 :AT Y\ MEAN BY ?IS8 

,A,D3 ,YEAH444 ,I GUESS ! %ORT ANSW] IS ?AT 9 MANY WAYS ,I AM EMB>RASS$ TO BE AN AN?ROPOLOGI/4 ,! LEGACY & HI/ORY ( AN?ROPOLOGICAL RESE>* IS EXTREMELY NEGATIVE BY MY ACC\NT4 ,DESPITE ALL ! 0NUANCE0 & 0REFLEXIVITY0 9 ! DISCIPL9E1 /RUCTURALLY SPEAK+ ,I DO NOT ?9K MU* HAS *ANG$ 9 T]MS ( ! PURPOSES ( KN[L$GE G5]ATION1 ! 9/ITUTIONAL CONTROL & PRIVATIZATION ( ?AT KN[L$GE & ! SUBJECTIVITIES--OR ! IMPLICIT SOCIALLY ACCEPT$ TYPES ( BIASES--?AT UND]L9E RESE>* DESIGN4 ,( C\RSE1 !RE >E EXCEPTIONS1 BUT RADICAL CRITIQUE REG>D+ ! /ATI/ =MS ( ORGANIZATION & ! DEVELOPM5T ( 9DU/RIAL 9FRA/RUCTURES >E NOT QUE/ION$ TO ! DEGREE ?AT !Y %\LD BE4 ,MOD]NI/ 9FRA/RUCTURE & COMPUTATIONAL TE*NOLOGIES /ILL CONDITION & DOM9ATE \R ACADEMIC LIVES1 :I* IS 9CREAS+LY NORMALIZ$ & 9TEGRAT$ 9TO UNIV]SITIES ) LITTLE OPPOSITION4 ,BUT ALSO1 A LOT ( ! KN[L$GE BE+ G5]AT$--:ILE !RE MI<T BE LIB]ATORY 9T5TIONS = A LOT ( ! RESE>*]S--,I ?9K A LOT ( ! BANAL KN[L$GE BE+ COLLECT$ & ORGANIZ$ CAN B5EFIT MANY DIFF]5T EXTRACTIVE COMPANIES1 M>KET+ AG5CIES & REPRESSIVE =CES4 ,NOT TO =GET TURN+ VILLAG]S 9TO PO/] *ILDR5 9 P[] PO9T PRES5TATIONS4 ,9 ! BOOK1 !RE IS A SUBSECTION1 RESPOND+ TO DISCUSSIONS 9 AN?ROPOLOGICAL E?ICS1 CALL$ 0,= ,AN?ROPOLOGI/S ,AGA9/ ,AN?ROPOLOGY40 ,! PURPOSE IS TO REALLY /RESS ?AT1 AS AN?ROPOLOGI/S1 WE %\LD BE EXTREMELY CRITICAL ( \R DISCIPL9E1 BUT ALSO ASK \RSELVES :Y WE >E EV5 RESE>*]S 9 ! FIR/ PLACE & :AT TYPE ( KN[L$GE WE WANT TO G5]ATE4 ,BECAUSE1 AS IT SAYS 9 ! BOOK1 KN[L$GE IS A D\BLE-$G$ SWORD & IT WILL (T5 CUT BO? WAYS4 ,IT IS IMPORTANT TO ?9K CRITICALLY 9 H[ ONE ORGANIZES !IR RESE>*4 ,A LOT ( ?IS IS A RESPONSE TO ! NORMS 9 AN?ROPOLOGY1 BECAUSE ,I 5D$ UP EMB$D+ 9 A POLICIA COMUNIT>IA 7,COMMUNIT>IAN ,POLICE7 :O W]E MORE-OR-LESS A LI<TLY >M$ GR\P ( FI%]M5 & F>M]S ) SL+%OTS1 MA*ETES & !IR HUNT+ RIFLES4 ,!Y ORGANIZ$ !MSELVES TO KEEP \T ! W9D COMPANIES & ! POLITICIANS ?AT !Y SAW AS GRABB+ !IR L& & DE/ROY+ !IR LIVELIHOODS & CULTURE4 ,MY FIELDWORK W\LD HAVE BE5 CONSID]$ RISKY IF ,I PROPOS$ :AT HAPP5$ ) AN E?ICAL REVIEW COMMITTEE AT MO/ 9/ITUTIONS1 BUT ,I DID NOT KN[ ,I WAS GO+ TO FALL 9TO ! SITUATION ?IS WAY1 EV5 IF IT MAKES S5SE GIV5 H[ ! RESE>* />T$1 :I* IS N>RAT$ 9 ! BEG9N+ ( ! BOOK4 ,AT ! 5D ( ! DAY1 IT IS ALL FUN & GAMES = AN?ROPOLOGI/S TO GO WORK = ! MILIT>Y & POLICE2 IT'S OKAY = AN?ROPOLOGI/S TO GO WORK = M>KET+ AG5CIES2 IT'S OKAY = AN?ROPOLOGI/S TO GO WORK = RES\RCE EXTRACTION COMPANIES1 :I* IS SURPRIS+LY MORE COMMON ?AN ,I EXPECT$ AS ! RESE>* PRES5T$ 9 ! BOOK & ELSE:]E.<#a.> DEMON/RATES4 ,BUT :5 IT COMES TO AN?ROPOLOGI/S ACTUALLY EMB$D+ & CONDUCT+ OBS]VANT P>TICIPATION 9 5VIRONM5TAL /RUGGLES TO TRY & GET A BETT] IDEA ( :AT IS GO+ ON AT ! FRONTI]S ( ! GRE5 ECONOMY1 :]E PEOPLE >E TRY+ TO PROTECT !IR L& & SEA1 !N !SE ?+S >E (T5 FR[N$ UPON4 

,M,A,S3 ,I BELIEVE ?AT GOES BEYOND AN?ROPOLOGY & AN?ROPOLOGI/S4 ,AS Y\ PRES5T 9 Y\R BOOK1 Y\ M5TION ! CASE :]E SOME GEOGRAPH]S ORGANIZ$ MAPP+ 9DIG5\S COMMUNITIES 7,MEXICO ,9DIG5A.<#b.>7 TO PROVIDE 9=MATION TO ! ,MEXICAN /ATE & PAID BY ! ,U,S MILIT>Y1 SO P]HAPS IT IS AN 9T]E/+ REFLECTION ?AT GOES BEYOND AN?ROPOLOGY4 

,A,D3 ,YEAH1 MO/ C]TA9LY4 ,IT RAISES ! WID] QUE/ION ?AT WE HAVE TO ASK3 ,:AT IS ! PURPOSE ( ! UNIV]SITY8 ,:AT IS ! PURPOSE ( RESE>*8 ,A LOT ( PEOPLE MI<T ?9K IT IS TO MAKE ! WORLD A BETT] & HAPPI] PLACE1 BUT !SE BROAD WORDS HAVE DIFF]5T MEAN+S ?AT CAN BE US$ 9 DIFF]5T WAYS4 ,= ME ?IS MEANS ?AT ! SOIL QUALITY IS BE+ 5RI*$1 !RE >E HI<] QUALITIES ( FOOD1 HI<] QUALITIES ( WAT]1 AIR & SOCIAL RELATION%IPS4 ,9 ACTUALITY ?IS 0BETT]10 OR WORSE 0IMPROVEM5T10 IS USUALLY DESIGN$ >\ND SPREAD+ M>KET-ORI5T$ P]SPECTIVES & VALUES SY/EMS OR AFFIRM+ 9/ITUTIONS ?AT PRIORITIZE !IR [N EXI/5CE OV] ! ISSUES !Y CLAIM TO BE CONC]N$ ) OR WORK+ TO FIX4 ,! SUPPORT (F]$ BY /ATE 9/ITUTIONS & CORPORATIONS = EXAMPLE >E (T5 TOK5 & S]VE BR&+ OR PURPOSE ( M>KET EXPANSION4 ,I ?9K IT IS IMP]ATIVE ?AT RESE>* IS ORGANIZ$ TO ADDRESS--9 V]Y HONE/ WAYS--H[ 0WE10 9DU/RIAL HUMANS1 CAN HAVE BETT] RELATION%IPS ) \R 5VIRONM5TS4 ,H[ WE CAN CREATE 5VIRONM5TS ?AT NURTURE & SUPPORT LIFE3 ! TREES1 ! CATS1 ! ANIMALS1 ! WAT]1 ! AIR & EV]Y?+ >\ND US4 ,GOV]NM5TS1 UNIV]SITIES & PEOPLE NE$ TO REALLY />T RECONCIL+444 ,I GUESS WE CAN SAY1 0CLIMATE DEBT40 ,I DO NOT REALLY LIKE ?AT T]M9OLOGY1 BUT ! WIDESPREAD ECOLOGICAL CATA/ROPHE ?AT HAS BE5 SPREAD BY 9DU/RIAL DEVELOPM5T & CAPITALISM4 ,WE REALLY HAVE TO SWIT* \R PRIORITIES3 \R RESE>* PRIORITIES1 \R 9/ITUTIONAL PRIORITIES & \R [N LIVES 9 H[ WE CAN MAKE !M BETT]1 BUT ALSO ADDRESS SOCIO-ECOLOGICAL CRISES4 

,M,A,S3 ,Y\ BOOK READS AS A CRITIQUE ( ! GRE5 ECONOMY1 & Y\ PUT =W>D ?IS NOTION ( 0FOSSIL FUEL"40.<#c.>4 ,9 MY HEAD ,I />T$ ASSOCIAT+ IT ) ,R,$,D 7,R$UC+ ,EMISSIONS FROM ,DE=E/ATION & ,=E/ ,DEGRADATION.<#d.>71 ,R,$,D"4 & !N ,R,$,D"4"41 :I* IS AN 9DICATION ( ,R,$,D SAV+ ! =E/ ) MONEY :I* WAS R5EGOTIAT$1 & !N R5EGOTIAT$ & R5EGOTIAT$4444 ,IS SOME?+ SIMIL> HAPP5+ ) W9D 5]GY OR 0GRE50 5]GY8 

,A,D3 ,WELL1 YEAH4 ,!RE >E TWO TOPICS !RE4 ,FIR/1 ,I ?9K IT IS AN UND]/ATEM5T TO SAY ?AT ?IS BOOK IS A CRITIQUE AGA9/ ! GRE5 ECONOMY - IT MO/ C]TA9LY IS4 ,MAYBE IT IS EV5 HO/ILE T[>DS IT1 9/EAD ( (F]+ ! C>E NECESS>Y = CRITIQUE4 ,SECOND1 ?IS COMP>ISON ) ,R,$,D"4 & ,FOSSIL ,FUEL"4 >E V]Y DIFF]5T1 EV5 IF !Y >E BO? TRY+ TO COMMUNICATE SOME?+ REG>D+ ! 5VIRONM5T4 ,R,$,D"4 IS TRY+ TO IMPLEM5T A PROGRAM ?AT CAN CONTROL L& & 79DIG5\S7 POPULATIONS 9 EA* CONTEXT SLI<TLY DIFF]5TLY1 BUT = ! MO/ P>T IT IS A L& CONTROL & M>KET BAS$ /RATEGY DESIGN$ TO COMMODIFY ! 5VIRONM5T & PREP>E HABITATS = C>BON BANKS & ?+S LIKE ?IS4 ,FOSSIL FUEL"41 ON ! O!R H&1 WAS A T]M DESIGN$ = MY CLIMATE JU/ICE FRI5DS & O!R PEOPLE 9VOLV$ MA9/REAM 5VIRONM5TAL ACTIVISM :O BELIEVE 9 ?IS DI*OTOMY BETWE5 FOSSIL FUELS & R5EWABLE 5]GY4 ,?AT DI*OTOMY IS FALSE4 ,IT IS A M>KET$ ONE4 ,IT IS ONE ?AT IS V]Y SURREPTITI\S & MANIPULATIVE4 ,BECAUSE ! FACT IS1 EV]Y S+LE ASPECT ( R5EWABLE 5]GY DEVELOPM5T1 :E!R W9D OR O!R PROGRAMS--& ( C\RSE ,I AM REF]R+ TO 9DU/RIAL & UTILITY-SCALE--IS BAS$ ON HYDROC>BON EXTRACTION & V>I\S 9DU/RIAL TE*NOLOGIES4 ,Y\ NE$ SPECIAL TYPES ( COAL TO EV5 SMELT ! METAL = W9D TURB9E T[N]S OR O!R /EEL 9FRA/RUCTURES4 ,Y\ NE$ TO MAKE ! MA*9ES1 ?AT RUN ON GASOL9E1 ?AT !N DO ! M9+4 ,Y\ NE$ ! FACTORY TO MAKE ?OSE MA*9ES ?AT DO ! M9+1 Y\ NE$ ! TRANSPORTATION ( !SE 9FRA/RUCTURES1 ! PROCESS+ FACILITIES--EV]Y S+LE ASPECT1 ,I CANNOT /RESS 5\<--REQUIRES L>GE-SCALE HYDROC>BON & M9]AL EXTRACTION & PROCESS+4 ,?IS DI/9CTION IS MISLEAD+ & IT IS A HUGE & UND5IABLE WEAKNESS ( 5VIRONM5TAL MOVEM5TS4 ,IT IS PAV+ ! WAY = ! NEW TRAP ( 0CLIMATE 9FRA/RUCTURE0 & O!R GRE5 ECONOMIC S*EMES RELAT$ TO ! 9ACCURATE & R$UCTIVE QUANTIFICATIONS ( C>BON ACC\NT+ ?AT ,R,$,D"4 & ,PAYM5T = ,ECOSY/EM ,S]VICES 7,P,E,S7 >E DEP5D5T & >E METRICS RESPONSIBLE = SPREAD+ CONFLICT & ECOLOGICAL DEGRADATION.<#e.>1 ( :I* MY BOOK IS ANO!R RES\RCE DOCUM5T+ ?IS 9 DETAIL4 ,SO1 ! T]M ,FOSSIL FUEL"4 IS A WAY TO SAY3 0,HEY1 WE REALLY NE$ TO BREAK ?IS DI*OTOMY IF WE >E GO+ TO BE HONE/ AB\T ! SITUATION FAC+ ! PLANET10 BECAUSE WE >E JU/ DR9K+ A REPUGNANT OLD W9E RE-M>KET$ 9 NEW BOTTLES ) GRE5 LABELS4 

,M,A,S3 ,DON'T Y\ ?9K !RE IS SOME TYPE ( DISCONNECT BETWE5 ! LAYWOMAN & ALL ?IS KN[L$GE Y\ >E TALK+ AB\T1 BECAUSE ,I SEE A LOT ( PEOPLE ) ! BE/ 9T5TIONS --EV5 CLIMATE 5GAG$ ACADEMICS-- BUY+ !IR ,TESLA1 PUTT+ SOL> PANELS ON !IR H\SES OR T[>DS O!R 0GRE5]0 & 0CLEAN]0 5]GIES4 ,DO Y\ ?9K Y\R BOOK C\LD CONTRIBUTE TO RAISE AW>5ESS AS TO H[ EV]Y?+ IS 9T]CONNECT$8 

,A,D3 ,YEAH1 ! BOOK IS V]Y SPECIFIC CASE /UDY ?AT GETS 9TO ?REE DIFF]5T PHASES ( W9D 5]GY DEVELOPM5T REVEAL+ ! DIFF]5T TYPES ( HOPES PEOPLE HAD & ITS IMPACTS4 ,I ?9K ! WAY L>GE W9D 5]GY PROJECTS EV5 GA9 SOME TYPE ( LEGITIMACY 9 ,OAXACA WAS ?R\< ?IS K9D ( M>KET+ ( 0GRE510 ?AT IT IS SU/A9ABLE & Y\ WILL BE 0DO+ GOOD40 ,?IS REALLY OP5$ PEOPLE UP TO ! IDEA4 ,SECOND1 PEOPLE ?\<T ?AT NOT ONLY IT WAS GOOD1 BUT ?AT !Y W\LD BE ABLE TO MAKE MONEY 9 ! NOR!RN P>T ( ! ,I/HMUS ( ,TEHUANTEPEC4 ,!RE=E1 ?IS 0GRE50 M>KET+1 /ATE & ELITE SUPPORT ?AT ORGANIZ$ & MANAG$ IT--REFLECT+ BACK ON ?AT ,F\CAULT ADAPTATION--ALL[$ ! COMPANIES TO GA9 A FOO?OLD 9 ! REGION4 ,& ?IS IS PRECISELY ! ISSUE :5 WE TALK AB\T ,TESLA'S 9 ,NORWAY AS WELL1 :]E !Y CANNOT /OP SUBSIDIZ+ & IMPORT+ !M FROM ,CALI=NIA4 ,& PEOPLE BUY :AT IS SOLD1 :AT IS M>KET$4 ,WE LIVE 9 A SITUATION :]E CONSUM] CONS5T IS /RUCTUR$ & MANUFACTUR$4 ,! SUBJECTIVITIES ( PEOPLE--!IR DISPOSITIONS & DESIRES-->E ALREADY ACC\NT$ = & MANIPULAT$ 9 A C]TA9 WAY--MAYBE ) ! HELP ( M>KET+ AN?ROPOLOGI/S & SOCIOLOGI/S4 ,TESLA >E GREAT = ! CONSUM] TO M9IMIZE !IR PAY+ MONEY AT ! GAS PUMP1 BUT FROM AN E?NOGRAPHICALLY GR\ND$ SUPPLY *A9 & LIFE-CYCLE P]SPECTIVE !Y >E NI<TM>E3 ,H[ >E !Y GETT+ ! 5]GY TO *>GE ! C>2 ! M9]ALS = ! BATT]IES1 ! M9]AL PROCESS+ & MANUFACTUR+ FACILITIES1 ! V>I\S TRANSPORTATION ( COMPON5TS & SO ON4 ,PEOPLE >E NOT ?9K+--OR FEEL+ = ?AT MATT]--!Y >E BUY+ :AT !Y >E SOLD & IT IS DISCONC]T+ BECAUSE !RE IS NOT A S+LE ?+ AB\T ! GRE5 ECONOMY--O!R ?AN AN AMBIGU\S RHETORIC--?AT ACTUALLY SUGGE/S IT WANTS TO REPAIR & RE/ORE ! ECOLOGICAL DEGRADATION & S]I\S ECOCIDAL H>M ?AT HAS BE5 CREAT$ BY 9DU/RIAL SOCIETY4 ,PEOPLE 9 ,OSLO /ILL LOVE ,MC,DONALDS1 ,/>BUCKS' >E POPP+ UP LIKE MU%ROOMS & ,I DID NOT EXPECT ?AT BE=E ,I MOV$ H]E4 ,PEOPLE BUY :AT !Y >E SOLD & :AT IS AVAILABLE1 ?US BE>+ S]I\S RESPONSIBILITY ON !SE BUS9ESSES & ! /ATE 9/ITUTIONS ?AT /RUCTUR$ HUMAN HABITATION ?IS WAY4 

,SO1 9/EAD ( DO+ ! RI<T ?+ 9 ! FACE ( ECOLOGICAL & CLIMATE CATA/ROPHE1 ! /ATE & ITS BUS9ESS ASSOCIATES >E JU/ 9T5SIFY+ & D\BL+ D[N ON ?IS CAPITALI/ PA? ( MASS BL9D PRODUCTION & CONSUMPTION4 ,AT FACE VALUE IT IS MAK+ IT LESS DE/RUCTIVE1 BUT IF Y\ LOOK PA/ ! VEIL D[N ! SUPPLY *A9 Y\ WILL F9D EXTRACTIVE VIOL5CE IS JU/ BE+ EXPORT$ TO RURAL >EAS :]E BLACK1 BR[N &1 MO/ ( ALL1 MAT]IALLY POOR COMMUNITIES FACE NATURAL RES\RCE EXTRACTION & HAVE LESS PROTECTIONS & OPPORTUNITIES ?AN C\NTRIES LIKE ,NORWAY4 ,POLITICAL & EXTRACTIVE VIOL5CE >E SPREAD+ AT 9CREAS+ RATES 9 G5]AL & GRE5 TE*NOLOGIES IF !Y >E NOT ALREADY C5TRAL PLAY]S !Y WILL BE 9 A MATT] ( YE>S4 

,M,A,S3 ,I ?9K Y\ DO A V]Y GOOD JOB 9 Y\R BOOK PRES5T+ ALL !SE NUANCES .<LAU<T].> OR 0%ADES ( GRAY0 9 T]MS ( RESI/ANCE1 BUT ALSO RECOGNIZ+ ! PEOPLE :O >E HAPPY & :AT !SE PROJECTS TO HAPP54 ,CAN Y\ EXPLA9 A BIT MORE AB\T ?AT8 

,A,D3 ,YEAH1 YEAH4 ,I DO NOT ?9K !RE IS A MORE 9T]E/+ TOPIC--,I GUESS ,I HAVE ?\<T ?IS = A LONG TIME--?AN ! IDEA ( MANUFACTUR+ DESIRE4 ,I GUESS Y\ CAN L9K IT TO E>LI] /UFF ) ,?OR/E9 ,VEBL5'S 0EMULATION10 ,$W>D ,B]NAYS'S 05G9E]+ CONS5T10 ,GILLS ,DELEUZE1 & ,FELIX ,GUATT>I'S 0DESIR+-MA*9ES0 OR ,$W>D ,H]MAN & ,NOAM ,*OMSKY'S 0MANUFACTUR+ CONS5T40 ,ULTIMATELY A LOT ( PEOPLE :AT TO EMULATE & BECOME :AT !Y >E SEE+ ON TELEVISION4 ,!Y WANT TO BE RI*1 !Y WANT TO HAVE ! ,AM]ICAN ,DREAM OR1 ?9K+ ( ,ESCOB>1 ! DREAM ( DEVELOPM5T OR1 AT ! V]Y LEA/1 SURVIVE ANY WAY !Y CAN 9 A CAPITALI/ SY/EM4 ,PEOPLE WANT TO BELIEVE ?AT ! GRE5 ECONOMY IS GO+ TO WORK1 PEOPLE WANT TO BELIEVE ?AT W9D TURB9ES 7& !IR SUPPLY *A9S7 >E NOT ?AT 0BAD10 BUT ! FACT IS ?AT ON SO MANY LEVELS3 RES\RCE EXTRACTION & PROCESS+2 L& CONTRACT+3 5VIRONM5TAL IMPACTS3 5]GY USE2 & DECOMMISSION+ !SE 9FRA/RUCTURES >E CAUS+ IMM5SE SOCIAL DISSATISFACTION & ECOLOGICAL DEGRADATION4 ,SO YEAH1 !RE >E DEF9ITELY POLITICIANS & ELITES :O >E B5EFIT+ FROM ?IS1 & PEOPLE ALLUR$ BY ! M>KET$ B5EFITS4 ,EV5 PEOPLE :O HAVE COLLABORAT$ ) !SE W9D PROJECTS HAVE SE5 :AT !Y HAVE DONE TO ! >EA4 ,I REMEMB] SPEAK+ ) A L&[N] :O C>$ DEEPLY = ! M\NTA9 LIONS ?AT W\LD COME ONTO HIS RAN*4 ,HE OBS]V$ ! WAY ! W9D TURB9ES HAVE AFFECT$ !IR RELATION%IP ) ! M\NTA9 LIONS1 ) !IR HABITATS & TRAVEL PATT]NS W]E COMPLETELY ALT]$ & ! >EA 9HOSPITABLE = !M4 ,:ILE ?IS P]SON HAD B5EFIT$ FROM ! PROJECTS1 PUTT+ TWO ( HIS SONS ?R\< COLLEGE1 HE ALSO SAW H[ NONHUMAN POPULATIONS W]E AFFECT$ & AT LEA/ ON SOME LEVEL REGRETT$ ?IS TO A PO9T ( TE>S 9 AN 9T5SE CONV]SATION4 ,?IS IS A SPECIFIC 9/ANCE ?AT IS NOT M5TION$ 9 ! BOOK1 BUT IT WAS A V]Y MEAN+FUL CONV]SATION4 ,!RE >E V>I\S %ADES ( GRAY4 ,!RE >E PL5TY ( PEOPLE1 H[EV]1 ?AT JU/ WANT MONEY & TAKE :AT IS (F]$1 EV5 IF IT DISADVANTAGES 5TIRE >EAS 9 ! MID-TO-LONG RUN4 ,?AT SAID1 9 PLACES LIKE ,OAXACA !RE >E A LOT MORE PEOPLE :O /ILL HAVE A CONNECTION ) ! L&1 SEA & DO NOT WANT TO HAVE ?IS LEVEL ( ECONOMIC 9TEGRATION & DEP5D5CE1 BUT IT IS IMPOS$ ON !M 9 V>I\S WAYS4 

,M,A,S3 ,Y\ ALSO DRAW A L9E FROM COLONIALISM4 ,FROM COLONIALISM TO W9D 5]GY DEVELOPM5T OR 0GRE50 COLONIALISM4 ,CAN Y\ EXPLA9 H[ Y\ CONCEPTUALIZE ?IS IDEA8 

,A,D3 ,I GUESS ?IS LEADS 9TO ONE ( ! MORE 9FLAMMATORY ASPECTS ( ! BOOK4 ,I KNEW ! SITUATION WAS NOT IDEAL BE=E ,I W5T !RE1 BUT ,I F\ND MYSELF 9 F> MORE VIOL5T & CONFLICTUAL SITUATIONS ?AN ,I EXPECT$4 ,TALK+ ) RESE>* P>TICIPANTS1 WORDS & PHRASES LIKE 0G5OCIDE01 0!Y >E KILL+ ALL ( US01 0?IS IS E?NOCIDE0 & 0?IS IS ECOCIDE0 KEPT COM+ UP4 ,I DIDN'T REALLY KN[ :AT TO DO ) IT AT ! TIME1 BUT BY ! 5D ( ! PROJECT ! WORDS KEPT COM+ UP 9 9T]VIEW TRANSCRIPTS & ,I SAID3 0,W[444 ,:AT AM ,I GO+ TO DO ) ?IS80 

,I REALLY TRI$ TO HONOR ?IS CONT5TION & EMB>K$ ON A REVIEW ( G5OCIDE /UDIES TO SEE H[ ?IS WAS REPRES5T$ 9 ! ACADEMIC LIT]ATURE4 ,IT TURNS \T ?AT !RE IS A LONG HI/ORY ( ?IS 9 ! 0PO/-LIB]AL0 READ+ ( G5OCIDE1 :I* MANY >GUE.<#f.> IS CLOS] TO ,RALPH ,LEMK9'S DEF9ITION ( ! T]M4 ,PREV5T+ SEMI-SUBSI/5CE GR\PS ) DI/9CT L&-BAS$ CULTURES ! MEANS ( SUBSI/5CE--PREV5T+ !M FROM ACCESS+ ! L& OR SEA--V]Y MU* FALLS 9 L9E ) ! LONG-T]M & SL[] =MS ?AT HOLL[S \T ! FEEL+S & TRADITIONS ( 9DIG5\S POPULATIONS1 ALL ! :ILE =C+ !M BY V>I\S MEANS 9TO DIFF]5T TYPES ( JOBS OR WAYS ( LIV+4 ,SO YES1 !RE IS A LOT TO SAY ?AT :AT IS GO+ ON 9 ! ,I/HMUS & ELSE:]E 9 ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA IS A CONT9UATION ( ! COLONIAL PROJECT1 & ?AT W9D TURB9ES >E ! LATE/ 9T]V5TION ?AT >E SL[LY HOLL[+ \T & PU%+ T[>DS CULTURAL EXT9CTION ( ,IKOOT & ,ZAPOTEC POPULATIONS4 ,OBVI\SLY1 PEOPLE >E RESI/+ 9 :ATEV] WAYS !Y CAN1 SL[+ D[N & SUBV]T+ ?IS TRAJECTORY MAPP$ \T = !M1 BUT ?IS IS A LONG /RUGGLE ?AT 9DIG5\S PEOPLE HAVE BE5 5GAG$ 91 S9CE ,SPANI% COLONIALISM4 ,!N IT IS MORE COMPLICAT$ ?AN ?IS1 ! ,ZAPOTECS W]E A COLONIZ+ IMP]IAL =CE 9 ! ,I/HMUS BE=E ! ,SPANI>DS4 ,! PO9T IS1 W9D TURB9ES >E JU/ ! LATE/ /RUCTURE--AMONG O!RS--?AT >E SL[LY TRY+ TO BREAK 9DIG5\S CULTURES TO ! IMP]ATIVES ( ! /ATE & CAPITALI/ DEVELOPM5T4 

,M,A,S3 ,?ANK Y\4 ,FROM :AT Y\ WRITE 9 ! BOOK & MANY *APT]S1 !RE >E A LOT ( ?+S ?AT >E FAMILI> OR WELL KN[N AB\T EXTRACTIVE 9DU/RIES1 LET'S SAY M9+ OR OIL COMPANIES--EV5 PALM OIL4 ,!RE >E PATT]NS ?AT >E RECURR+ ACROSS ALL !SE DIFF]5T TYPES ( EXTRACTIVE 9DU/RIES4 ,?IS HAS BE5 DISCUSS$ 9 DIFF]5T PLACES ALL OV] ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA1 BUT :AT AB\T O!R CONTEXTS8 ,I AM ?9K+ SPECIFICALLY AB\T VIOL5CE1 ! WAY PEOPLE >E REPRESS$ & SIL5C$4 ,S*OOL KIDS ON CLIMATE /RIKE 9 ,FRANCE :O W]E BEAT5 BY ! POLICE OR ! CASE ( A ,SAMI RE9DE] H]D] :O WAS =C$ TO KILL HIS ANIMALS4 ,( C\RSE1 Y\ CANNOT COMP>E OR SAY ?AT ! VIOL5CE IS ! SAME1 BUT !RE IS SOME =M ( VIOL5CE 9 =C+ SOMEONE TO KILL HALF ( !IR ANIMALS4 ,DO Y\ ?9K !RE IS A COMMON ?READ 9 :AT WE >E SEE+ 9 ALL !SE DIFF]5T P>TS ( ! WORLD8 

,A,D3 ,YEAH1 YEAH ( C\RSE4 ,& K9D ( :AT Y\ ASK$ BE=E AB\T GLOBAL SOLID>ITY1 IT IS A REACTION TO /ATE CONTROL & FUR!R M>KETIZATION ( LIFE4 ,IT IS USUALLY ! EXACT SAME TYPE ( PROJECTS1 BUT !Y >E %AP$ BY DIFF]5T CULTURAL SPECIFICITIES & SOCIO-HI/ORICAL PROCESSES ?AT MAKE ! CURR5T POLITICAL CONTEXTS4 ,PEOPLE ACROSS ! WORLD >E DEAL+ ) ! SAME IMPOSITIONS4 ,SOME ACTS ( VIOL5CE >E MORE POLITICALLY FEASIBLE ?AN O!RS 9 C]TA9 CONTEXTS4 ,:E!R IT IS W9D 5]GY DEVELOPM5T 9 ! ,I/HMUS ) DIFF]5T 0S(T0 & 0H>D0 =MS ( CO]CION DEPLOY$ TO PACIFY ! POPULATION OR 9 ! ,HAMBA* =E/.<#g.> 9 ,G]MANY--:I* HAS A L[] 9T5SITY ( VIOL5CE--BUT ! SAME DYNAMIC IS 9 PLACE ) TONS ( SURVEILLANCE1 BEAT+S & PEOPLE BE+ SPRAY$ ) WAT] HOSES 9 FREEZ+ TEMP]ATURES4 

,OR AS Y\ M5TION H]E 9 ,NORWAY1 !RE >E ALSO ATTACKS ON 9DIG5\S T]RITORIES ) W9D 5]GY DEVELOPM5T H]E1 ) L& GRABB+ ?AT IS DISPLAC+ RE9DE] MIGRATION & HABITATION PATT]NS1 :I* \R COLLEAGUE ,SUSANNE ,NORMAN IS 9VE/IGAT+4 ,N[ AS Y\ M5TION1 ! CALL = CULL+ RA9DE] BAS$ ON CLAIMS ( A C]TA9 BIOLOGICAL C>RY+ CAPACITY1.<#h.> :I* WAS IMPOS$ ON ! ,SAMI4 ,A CULL ?AT IS N[ BE+ COMP>$ TO ! EXT]M9ATION ( BUFFALO.<#i.> DUR+ ! PLA9 W>S 9 ! ,U,S1 :I* EXEMPLIFIES ?IS IDEA ( ! G5OCIDE-ECOCIDE NEXUS4 ,IT'S ! SAME GAME ( /ATE CONTROL & DIVIDE & CONQU] 9 ! NAME ( ECONOMIC DEVELOPM5T & M>KET EXPANSION1 :I* RECKLESSLY DISREG>DS EXI/+ LIFEWAYS1 O!R WAYS TO LIVE ) ECOSY/EMS OR1 AS !Y SAY 9 ! PO/-DEVELOPM5T S*OOL.<#a.>1 0ALT]NATIVES TO DEVELOPM5T04 ,CAN ! /ATE SUPPORT RE9DE] H]D+ & CULTURE AS OPPOS$ TO O!R =MS ( DEVELOPM5T8 ,IT'S ! SAME GAME 9 DIFF]5T CONTEXTS4 ,ONE IS A MORE BUREAUCRATIC & DISP5SE A TYPE ( EPI/EMIC VIOL5CE LIKE 9 ,NORWAY1 ANO!R IS A MORE OV]T POLITICAL VIOL5CE AS 9 ! ,AM]ICAS1 YET !RE IS A :OLE ASSEMBLAGE ?AT MAKES ?IS VIOL5CE & ! ECOLOGICAL CATA/ROPHE POSSIBLE4 

,M,A,S3 ,T[>DS ! 5D ( ! BOOK1 Y\ QUOTE ,IVAN ,ILLI*1 REF]R+ TO ! CRISIS ( IMAG9ATION4 ,I ?9K ?IS IS AN 9T]E/+ PO9T TO CONSID]1 ESPECIALLY = 5VIRONM5TAL ACTIVI/S & ALL ! PEOPLE CONC]N$ AB\T ! CLIMATE CATA/ROPHE ?AT WE >E EXP]I5C+4 ,DO Y\ HAVE ANY ?\<TS AB\T ?AT8 

,A,D3 ,YEAH4 ,I DO NOT ?9K !RE IS A MORE IMPORTANT ?+ ?AN TO GET CREATIVE ) Y\R POLITICAL ACTIONS1 OR LIFE = ?AT MATT]4 ,GET CREATIVE1 DO ?+S DIFF]5TLY--CREATE NEW & DIFF]5T TYPES ( SITUATIONS 9 :I* TO /OP !SE PROJECTS OR TO LIVE A BETT] WAY )9 Y\R EV]YDAY LIFE4 ,WE HAVE TO BE MORE ?AN ?IS PR$ICTABLE CIVIL DISOB$I5CE MOVEM5T ?AT IS ORGANIZ+ A DATA COLLECTION DREAM = AU?ORITIES4 ,AS MU* AS ,I APPRECIATE IT 9 SOME WAYS1 A LOT ( IT HAS BE5 TURN$ 9TO CORPORATE ACTIVISM ?AT IS CONDITION+ 5VIRONM5TAL MOVEM5TS4.<#a#a.> ,!RE IS A LOT ( BIG MONEY TRY+ TO 0ROLL-\T0 !SE K9DS ( GRE5 ECONOMIC /RUCTURES ?AT PEOPLE >E NOT PREP>$ TO UND]/& :AT !Y IMPLY 9 PRACTICE1 BECAUSE PEOPLE DO NOT NECESS>ILY KN[ ! FLAWS OR R$UCTIONISM ( C>BON ACC\NT+4 ,PEOPLE DO NOT NECESS>ILY KN[ :AT C>BON ACC\NT+ IS BE+ US$ TO JU/IFY4 ,!RE=E1 ! FL[]Y & FI]Y 5VIRONM5TAL RHETORIC FROM 0Y\? LEAD]S0 S\NDS GOOD1 BUT !Y >E NOT QUE/ION+ ! M>KET-BAS$ ME*ANISM & PRIVATE SECTOR PR(ITE]+ ?AT IS IMPLI$ ) ! 9T]NATIONALLY AGRE$ UPON CLIMATE *ANGE MITIGATION /RATEGY4 ,PEOPLE >E NOT AW>E ( PAYM5T = ECOSY/EM S]VICES 7,P,E,S7 & ! 5VIRONM5TAL RELATION%IP IT PROMOTES1 NOT TO M5TION ! L& GRABS--FA/ & SL[--?AT >E BE+ EXECUT$ UND] ! BANN]S ( !SE PROGRAMS4 ,& ! ,P,E,S PRODUCT DIV]SIFIES ) 9CREAS+ COMPLICATIONS1 :I* KEEPS ACADEMICS BUSY & 9 A JOB4 ,! GRE5 ECONOMY REQUIRES AN IMM5SE AM\NT ( BUREAUCRATIC & F9ANCIAL KN[L$GE1 BECOM+ AN ACADEMIC SPECIALTY ON ITS [N4 ,UND]/&+ :AT IS BE+ 0ROLL$-\T0 AS A 0SOLUTION0 TO MITIGAT+ ECOLOGICAL CATA/ROPHE1 IS A JOB 9 ITSELF4 ,REALLY1 IT IS JU/ ! REPACKAG+ ( ! SAME CAPITALI/ PROGRAM1 BUT N[ IT IS 0GRE50 ) NEW TE*NOLOGIES & JU/IFICATIONS4 

,SO :5 Y\ HE> ,GRETA ,?UNB]G & O!RS DISP5S+ GREAT WORDS--& !Y >E GREAT--BUT IF Y\ ACTUALLY LOOK AT ! PEOPLE BEH9D H] OR ! DIFF]5T ,U,N PROGRAMS ?AT >E BE+ 0ROLL$ \T10 !N IT IS CLE> WE >E WITNESS+ NO?+ MORE ?AN ! R5EWAL ( CAPITALI/ EXPANSION4 ,CONSEQU5TLY1 GRE5 CAPITALI/ TRAP DOORS >E BE+ CON/RUCT$ EV]Y:]E--0CLIMATE 9FRA/RUCTURE0--= PEOPLE :O G5U9ELY WANT TO SEE ! RE/ORATION ( ECOLOGICAL DE/RUCTION & CLIMATIC PATT]NS4 ,HOPEFULLY1 ?IS BOOK IS CLE> 9 DEMON/RAT+ ?AT :AT IS ! SO-CALL$ 0SOLUTION0 IS REALLY NOT ! SOLUTION IT IS SOLD TO BE1 AT LEA/ 9 ! >EA ( W9D 5]GY DEVELOPM5T4 ,?IS EXT5DS V]Y WELL1 AS Y\ KN[ V]Y WELL FROM Y\R OV] A DECADE ( WORK.<#a#b.>1 TO CONS]VATION4 ,!RE HAVE BE5 IDEAS ( CONVIVIAL CONS]VATION.<#a#c.> & ?+S LIKE ?IS REACT+ AGA9/ !SE M>KET-BAS$ PROGRAMS4 ,I GUESS N[1 AS MU* AS EV]1 IT IS IMPORTANT TO IMAG9E ALT]NATIVE FUTURES--TO DO DIFF]5T ?+S1 TO PRESS ! B\ND>IES ( H[ ONE ?9KS AB\T SUBV]SION & RESI/ANCE AGA9/ DE/RUCTIVE DEVELOPM5TS 9 ! HOPES TO CREATE SPACES :]E PEOPLE1 ANIMALS1 TREES & EV]YONE CAN CO-EXI/ )\T DE/ROY+ EA* O!R & ! PLANET4 ,SUPPORT+ EA* O!R1 9/EAD ( SEP>AT$ & ALI5AT$ FROM EA* O!R4 ,SO MAYBE N[ WE CAN />T LIV+ BETT] LIVES & NOT WORRY AB\T RIS+ WAT]1 ]RATIC WEA!R PATT]NS1 FOOD %ORTAGES OR ! RAPID SPREAD ( =E/ FIRES OR \R %ITTY JOBS4 

,M,A,S3 ,?ANK Y\4 ,:AT IS Y\R NEXT PROJECT8 ,:AT >E Y\ WORK+ ON & H[ DO Y\ 9T5D ON US+ ?IS IDEA ( FOSSIL FUEL"4 TO EXP& Y\R RESE>*8 

,A,D3 ,RI<T N[1 ,I AM LOOK+ AT ! =MATION ( TRANSNATIONAL 5]GY SUP]-GRID BETWE5 ,NOR? ,AFRICA & ! ,E,U4 ,I AM EXAM9+ ?IS SPECIFICALLY ?R\< A ,Z,A,D 9 S\!RN ,FRANCE ?AT IS RESI/+ ! CON/RUCTION ( A MEGA-TRANS=M] ON F>ML& GRABB$ ?R\< BUREAUCRATIC MEANS4 ,?IS 5]GY TRANS=M] LOCALLY WILL LEAD TO ! RAPID 9CREASE ( W9D & SOL> PROJECTS ?AT HAVE BE5 COLONIZ+ ! ,AVEYRON REGION--EV5 IF ! REGION IS NE> 5]GY SELF-SUFFICI5T ?R\< HYDROLOGICAL RES\RCES4 ,! PEOPLE >E TRY+ TO RESI/ ECOLOGICAL DE/RUCTION = MASS CONSUMPTION--! EXPANSION ( GRE5 CAPITALISM4 ,!Y DO NOT WANT W9D TURB9ES 9 ?IS >EA IF IT CONT9UES ALONGSIDE ! EXPANSION ( NUCLE> & HYDROC>BON CONSUMPTION & DEVELOPM5T4 ,!RE=E1 !Y >E SAY+ 5]GY TRANSITION IS A JOKE & !Y DO NOT WANT TO SEE !IR C\NTRYSIDE COLONIZ$ LIKE ! ,I/HMUS 9 ,OAXACA1 EV5 IF IT IS ALREADY HEAD+ 9 ?AT DIRECTION4 ,! EQUALLY 9T]E/+ P>T IS ?AT ?IS TRANS=M] IS P>T ( A =M+ 5]GY CORRIDOR BR++ 5]GY FROM ,NOR? ,AFRICA TO MEET R5EWABLE 5]GY B5*M>KS SET BY ! ,P>IS ,AGREEM5T 9 #b#a#e4 ,!RE >E O!R CONFLICTS OR L& GRABS TAK+ PLACE 9 O!R 9DIG5\S T]RITORIES 9 ,NOR? ,AFRICA & >IS+ FROM 5VIRONM5TAL & CLIMATE *ANGE POLICY4 ,SO ,I WILL BE EXAM9+ :AT 5]GY 9FRA/RUCTURE & R5EWABLE 5]GY SY/EMS >E CREAT+ ACROSS CONT95TS4 ,?IS IS :AT ,I GOT AHEAD ( ME1 & IT LOOKS T\<4 

,M,A,S3 ,OKAY1 ?ANKS = %>+ & ,I LOOK =W>D TO SEE+ :AT COMES NEXT4 

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