,) ,L&1 ,)\T ! ,/ATE3 ,AN>*Y 9 ,WALLMAPU 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,ANONYM\S 

,TEXT 3 

0,WALMAPU ,LIB]ADO  

,CON ,TI]RA1 ,S9 ,E/ADO0 

,! GU>DS AT ! ,TEMUCO PRISON SE>* US OV]1 & LEAD US 9TO A ROOM (F ! MA9 HALLWAY4 ,! F\R M5 COME 9 A LITTLE LAT] & BEG9 TELL+ US !IR /ORIES4 ,!Y *OOSE !IR WORDS SOLEMNLY1 & TAKE LONG PAUSES4 ,SEV5TY DAYS )\T EAT+ HAS TAK5 ITS TOLL4 0,\R BONES HURT1 WE GET DIZZY1 TIR$1 WE HAVE TO RE/ A LOT1 LAY D[N A LOT4 ,IT'S UNCOM=TABLE GO+ SO LONG )\T EAT+4 ,BUT WE'RE GO+ TO GO UNTIL ! F9AL CONSEQU5CES4 ,WE'RE PUTT+ \R BODIES & HEAL? ON ! L9E = ! ,MAPU*E PEOPLE40 

,!Y />T ) :AT WE ALREADY KN[3 ! REASONS = ! HUNG]/RIKE1 ! ,*ILEAN /ATE'S USE ( ! ANTIT]RORI/ LAW AGA9/ ,MAPU*E W>RIORS1 & ! LONG HI/ORY ( !IR /RUGGLE4 ,:5 !Y F9D \T WE'RE NOT HUMAN RI<TS ACTIVI/S1 BUT AN>*I/S1 !Y SMILE & W>M UP TO US A LITTLE MORE4 ,AFT] ALL1 ! HUMAN RI<TS ORGANIZATIONS HAVE %[N CONC]N = ! ,MAPU*E ONCE !Y 5D UP 9 PRISON1 BUT HAVE NEV] TAK5 A POSITION ON ,MAPU*E 9DEP5D5CE4 ,ONE ( !M TELLS US3 0,FIR/ ,NATIONS HAVE GIV5 A DEEP] S5SE TO ! WORD 'AN>*Y4' ,WE W]E ! FIR/ AN>*I/S4 ,\R POLITICS IS AN ANTI-POLITICS40 

,F\NDATIONS 

,JOSE ,LLANQUILEO IS F\R YE>S 9TO A FIVE YE> S5T5CE = >SON4 ,= ?REE YE>S HE WAS LIV+ 9 CL&E/9ITY ) HIS P>TN]1 ,ANGELICA1 & = A YE> WAS ONE ( ! ,*ILEAN /ATE'S MO/ WANT$ FUGITIVES4 ,9 #b#f1 ! TWO W]E F9ALLY CAPTUR$4 ,%E WAS ACQUITT$ ON *>GES ( ILLEGAL ASSOCIATION1 UND] ! ANTIT]RORI/ LAW4 ,HE WAS CONVICT$ = BURN+ P9E TREES ON A =E/RY PLANTATION BELONG+ TO A MAJOR LOGG+ COMPANY1 AS P>T ( A L& RECLAMATION ACTION4 ,N[ HE GETS WORK RELEASE DUR+ ! DAY1 & FURL\<S ON ! WEEK5DS1 SO HE HAS TIME TO TAKE US >\ND ,TEMUCO1 9TRODUCE US TO ! HUNG]/RIK]S1 & TELL US HIS /ORY4 

,WE'VE COME H]E AS AN>*I/S1 TO LE>N AB\T ! ,MAPU*E /RUGGLE1 TO TELL AB\T \R [N /RUGGLES1 TO SEE :]E WE HAVE AFF9ITY1 & BEG9 CREAT+ A BASIS = LONG-T]M SOLID>ITY4 

,=TUNATELY1 WE CAN />T ON A GOOD F\NDATION4 ,! LEFTI/S HAVE HAD A PATRONIZ+ ATTITUDE T[>DS ! ,MAPU*E1 SAYS ,JOSE1 BUT 0! AN>*I/S HAVE BE5 V]Y RESPECTFUL1 & %[N LOTS ( SOLID>ITY4 ,I ?9K WE %\LD BE GRATEFUL = ?AT40 ,HE'S CLE>1 H[EV]1 ?AT ! ,MAPU*E'S /RUGGLE IS !IR [N4 ,M>XISM WAS 9FLU5TIAL AT A C]TA9 MOM5T1 BUT !Y >E NOT ,M>XI/S4 ,ONE C\LD *>ACT]IZE ! ,MAPU*E WAY ( ?9K+ AS 5VIRONM5TALI/1 BUT !Y >E NOT 5VIRONM5TALI/S4 ,!Y HAVE AFF9ITY ) AN>*I/S1 BUT !Y >E NOT AN>*I/S4 0,WE >E ,MAPU*E4 ,WE >E \R [N PEOPLE1 ) \R [N HI/ORY1 & \R /RUGGLE COMES DIRECTLY \T ( ?AT40 ,CONTR>Y TO ! ASS]TIONS ( ! LEFTI/S1 ! ,MAPU*E >E NOT ! M>G9ALIZ$ L[] CLASS ( ,*ILEAN SOCIETY4 ,!Y >E NOT ! PROLET>IAT1 & ! IDEA ( CLASS W> DOES NOT CORRESPOND TO !IR REALITY4 ,CONSEQU5TLY1 !Y MAY F9D SOME AFF9ITY ) ! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5TS ?AT DEVELOP$ 9 ! CONTEXT ( CLASS W> 9 ,EUROPEAN SOCIETY1 BUT !SE MOVEM5TS DO NOT ADEQUATELY ADDRESS !IR SITUATION4 

0,! ,LEFT CONSID] ! ,MAPU*E AS JU/ ANO!R SECTOR ( ! OPPRESS$1 AN OP9ION WE DON'T %>E4 ,\R /RUGGLE IS TAK+ PLACE 9 ! CONTEXT ( ! LIB]ATION ( A PEOPLE4 ,\R PEOPLE >E DI/9CT FROM ,WE/]N SOCIETY40 ,MOREOV]1 ! ,MAPU*E PEOPLE HAVE A PR\D HI/ORY ( FI<T+ 9VASION1 RESI/+ DOM9ATION1 & ORGANIZ+ !MSELVES TO MEET !IR NE$S & LIVE 9 FRE$OM1 SO !IR [N WORLDVIEW & CULTURE >E MORE ?AN SUFFICI5T AS AN IDEOLOGICAL BASIS = !IR /RUGGLE4 

,?IS PO9T IS /RESS$ BY NE>LY EV]YONE WE MEET1 & ,I ?9K \R ABILITY TO BECOME FRI5DS & COMPAN]OS RE/S DIRECTLY ON ! FACT ?AT WE RESPECT !IR WAY ( /RUGGLE RA!R ?AN TRY+ TO 9CORPORATE !M 9TO \R WAY ( /RUGGLE4 

,I WANT TO BE UPFRONT ) ! PEOPLE ,I MEET1 ) :OM ,I WANT TO BUILD RELATION%IPS ( SOLID>ITY1 SO ON ! FIR/ DAY ,I TELL HIM MY MOTIVATIONS & ASSUMPTIONS4 ,! COMRADES :O PUT US 9 T\* ALREADY TOLD ,JOSE ,I'M AN AN>*I/1 & 9=M$ HIM ( ! K9D ( WORK ,I DO1 SO ! FACT ?AT HE 9VIT$ US 9TO HIS COMMUNITY & TOOK TIME (F TO GUIDE US >\ND IS A GOOD SIGN4 ,I LET HIM KN[ ?AT MANY ,U,S AN>*I/S ALREADY HAVE A LITTLE FAMILI> ) ! ,MAPU*E /RUGGLE1 & \R UND]/&+ IS ?AT !IR CULTURE IS ANTI-AU?ORIT>IAN1 & !Y ORGANIZE HORIZONTALLY4 ,IS ?IS CORRECT8 

,JOSE SAYS IT IS1 BUT ,I NOTICE A LITTLE EUROC5TRISM ON MY P>T1 A DIFF]5CE 9 WORLDVIEWS1 :5 HE AUTOMATICALLY REPLACES MY WORD1 0HORIZONTAL10 ) ! WORD 0CIRCUL>10 TO DESCRIBE ,MAPU*E SOCIETY4 ,!RE IS NO C5TRALIZATION ( P[] AMONG ! ,MAPU*E1 :O 9 FACT >E A NATION ( SEV]AL DIFF]5T PEOPLES1 LIV+ 9 DIFF]5T GEOGRAPHIC REGIONS1 & SPEAK+ DIFF]5T DIALECTS ( ! SAME LANGUAGE4 ,! L& BELONGS TO ! COMMUNITY1 & IT IS MA9TA9$ COLLECTIVELY1 AS OPPOS$ TO 9DIVIDUALLY OR COMMUNALLY4 ,EA* COMMUNITY HAS A LONKO1 A POSITION G5]ALLY TRANSLAT$ AS 0*IEF10 BUT EA* FAMILY HAS A L>GE DEGREE ( AUTONOMY1 & MANY DECISIONS >E MADE BY ! :OLE COMMUNITY 9 ASSEMBLIES4 ,LONKOS >E USUALLY M51 BUT HAVE BE5 WOM5 AS WELL4 ,!RE >E O!R TRADITIONAL ROLES ( 9FLU5CE3 ! MA*I IS A RELIGI\S FIGURE & A HEAL]4 ,M5 & WOM5 CAN BECOME MA*IS1 BUT !Y >E NEI!R *OS5 NOR SELF-APPO9T$4 ,?OSE :O HAVE C]TA9 DREAMS OR GET 9EXPLICABLY SICK AS *ILDR51 & :O DEMON/RATE A C]TA9 S5SITIVITY1 WILL BECOME MA*IS4 ,!N !RE IS ! W]K51 ! SPOKESP]SON1 A ROLE ?AT HAS TAK5 ON EXPLICITLY POLITICAL *>ACT]I/ICS AS ,MAPU*E COMMUNITIES ORGANIZE !IR RESI/ANCE4 ,HI/ORICALLY !RE W]E TOKIS1 W> LEAD]S ?AT DIFF]5T COMMUNITIES FOLL[$ VOLUNT>ILY1 ?\< CURR5TLY NO ONE PLAYS ?IS ROLE1 AS ! ,MAPU*E HAVE NOT GONE TO W> S9CE BE+ OCCUPI$ BY ! ,*ILEAN & ,>G5T9EAN /ATES 9 ! #a#h#hS4 

,I ASK AB\T G5D] RELATIONS & H[ ! ,MAPU*E VIEW ?+S LIKE FAMILY /RUCTURE & HOMOSEXUALITY1 MAK+ CLE> MY [N FEEL+S BUT ALSO TRY+ NOT TO BE JUDGM5TAL4 ,JOSE SAYS ! ,MAPU*E FAMILY /RUCTURE IS ! SAME AS 9 ,EUROPEAN SOCIETY1 & !RE IS A GREAT DEAL ( CONS]VATISM1 PRESSURE TO M>RY & HAVE *ILDR51 & DISAPPROVAL ( ANY?+ ?AT FALLS \TSIDE ( ?IS =MAT4 ,HE ?9KS ?AT MAYBE IT DIDN'T US$ TO BE LIKE ?AT1 & P]HAPS ! ,CA?OLIC MISSION>IES & CONS]VATIVE ,*ILEAN SOCIETY HAVE *ANG$ TRADITIONAL VALUES4 ,9 ANY CASE1 ! WOM5 WE MEET DUR+ \R LIMIT$ TIME 9 ! COMMUNITIES >E ALL /RONG1 ACTIVE1 VOCAL1 & 9VOLV$1 & 9 ! HOMES WE /AY 9 !RE SEEM TO BE A %>+ & A FLEXIBILITY ( ROLES4 ,! PEOPLE 9 \R GR\P1 MEAN:ILE1 DON'T TRY TOO H>D TO PRES5T AS HET]OSEXUAL OR CIS-G5D]$ & DON'T HAVE ANY PROBLEMS4 

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,IT'S AN EXCIT+ TIME TO BE 9 ,WALLMAPU4 ,ALL ! COMMUNITIES 9 RESI/ANCE >E UNIT$ BEH9D ! HUNG]/RIK+ PRISON]S1 BUT BEH9D ! SC5ES1 IMPORTANT DEBATES >E TAK+ PLACE4 ,! HUNG]/RIKE1 BAS$ DIRECTLY ON ! ONGO+ /RUGGLE 7ALL ! ,MAPU*E PRISON]S >E ACCUS$ OR CONVICT$ ( CRIMES RELAT$ TO L& RECOV]Y ACTIONS1 SU* AS >SONS T>GET+ ! =E/RY COMPANIES1 OR RELAT$ TO CONFLICT ) ! ,*ILEAN /ATE1 SU* AS ! SEIZ+ ( A MUNICIPAL BUS OR A %OOT+ ?AT GAVE A GOOD SC>E TO A /ATE'S ATTORNEY71 HAS FOCUS$ ! ,MAPU*E NATION & CAPTUR$ ! ATT5TION ( ! 5TIRE ,*ILEAN POPULATION4 ,IT HAS WON A POPUL> LEGITIMACY = ! ,MAPU*E /RUGGLE1 UND]M9+ ! DEMONIZATION ( ! DIRECT TACTICS !Y USE & WEAK5+ ! GOV]NM5T'S POSITION 9 CA/+ !SE TACTICS AS T]RORISM4 ,9 ?IS SITUATION1 ! ,MAPU*E CAN GO BEYOND CALLS = GREAT] AUTONOMY OR L& RE=M )9 ! ,*ILEAN /ATE4 

0,! SO-CALL$ ,MAPU*E CONFLICT DOESN'T HAVE A SOLUTION4 ,! DEM&S WE HAVE NECESSITATE A BREAK ) ! FRAMEWORK ( ! /ATE4 ,:AT WE DEM& IS SOV]EIGNTY & ,MAPU*E 9DEP5D5CE4 ,WE CONSCI\SLY PROPOSE ! HI/ORICAL F\NDATIONS ( !SE DEM&S .<444.> ,\R /RUGGLE IS FUNDAM5TALLY OPPOS$ TO CAPITALISM & ! /ATE .<444.> ,I BELIEVE WE HAVE TO OP5 A SPACE 9T]NATIONALLY TO SPREAD \R DEM&S4 ,! ,MAPU*E /RUGGLE HAS TO BE 9T]NATIONALI/1 AS ! /RUGGLE ( A PEOPLE4 ,MANY ( ! ?+S ?AT AFFECT US1 LIKE CAPITALISM & ! /ATES ?AT REPRES5T IT1 ! ,U,S1 ! ,E,U1 >E AN 5EMY TO PEOPLES1 ,FIR/ ,NATIONS AS MU* AS OPPRESS$ CLASSES >\ND ! WORLD1 & ?AT'S A PO9T ( CONCORDANCE40 

0,! BIGGE/ PROBLEM IS ! ADVANCE ( CAPITALISM1 9 ! =M ( 9VE/M5T ON \R L&S4 ,?IS IS ONE ( ! PR9CIPAL ?REATS ?AT ! ,MAPU*E FACE BECAUSE IT MEANS ! EXPLOITATION ( NATURAL RES\RCES4 ,!SE RES\RCES >E ON ,MAPU*E L&S1 SO 9VE/M5T MEANS ! EXPULSION ( ! 9HABITANTS10 ,JOSE EXPLA9S4 0,EV5 :ILE WE'RE RECOV]+ \R L&S1 ?IS 9VE/M5T IS GO+ ON1 :I* 5DANG]S EV]Y?+ WE HAVE A*IEV$40 

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,AFT] A FEW DAYS1 WE LEAVE ,TEMUCO & HEAD = ! HILLS1 TO ! T[N ( ,CANETE1 & !N TO ! FIR/ ( A C\PLE AUTONOM\S ,MAPU*E COMMUNITIES 9 RESI/ANCE WE'VE BE5 9VIT$ 9TO1 9 ! >EA ( ! LAKE ,LLEU ,LLEU1 S\? ( ! CITY ( ,CONCEPCION4 ,MAPU*E COMMUNITIES HAVE TWO NAMES1 OR RA!R1 ! PLACE HAS A NAME1 & ! GR\P ( PEOPLE HAS ANO!R NAME4 ,JOSE'S COMMUNITY1 ,JUANA ,MILLAHUAL1 AT ,RUCANANKO1 SITS ON A /EEP HILL ABOVE ONE >M ( ! LAKE4 ,IT IS A SMALL COMMUNITY1 ) JU/ A FEW DOZ5 FAMILIES4 ,JOSE'S BRO!R IS LONKO4 ,! H\SES >E MO/LY SMALL1 RECTANGUL>1 WOOD5 BUILD+S SITT+ ATOP L[ /ILTS4 ,JOSE EXPLA9S ?AT ! TRADITIONAL H\SES1 ! RUCA1 HAD ?AT*$ 9/EAD ( T9 RO(S1 BUT !SE HAVE BE5 MO/LY BURN$ D[N OV] ! DECADES ( /RUGGLE4 

,! OLDE/ KN[L$GE !Y HAVE ( ! COMMUNITY IS 9 #a#h#g#i1 :5 ,JOSE'S GREAT GR&MO!R HAD #a1 HECT>ES4 ,N[ ! COMMUNITY ONLY HAS #c HECT>ES1 BUT !Y >E 9 ! PROCESS ( RECOV]+ #a MORE HECT>ES1 #bb ( :I* !Y HAVE OCCUPI$4 0,9 !SE T]RITORIES !RE IS A PR(\ND TRANS=MATION :]E BIG CAPITAL HAS EXPLOIT$ NATURAL RES\RCES & :]E ! ,MAPU*E >E TRY+ TO RECOMPOSE !IR SPACES40 ,!Y'RE RECOV]+ !IR TRADITIONS & P>TS ( !IR CULTURE ?AT W]E NE>LY LO/1 & :5 !Y RETAKE A PLOT ( L&1 !Y TAKE IT \T ( ! H&S ( ,CAPITAL 0:I* SAYS IT EXI/S TO S]VE MAN & MU/ BE EXPLOIT$4 ,:5 ! ,MAPU*E OCCUPY IT1 !RE IS A REVOLUTION>Y *ANGE1 A PR(\ND TRANS=MATION TO ! SOCIAL1 CULTURAL1 RELIGI\S1 & ECONOMIC FABRIC40 ,:5 !Y RECOV] L&1 !IR MA*IS COME & ! :OLE COMMUNITY P]=MS A ,NGILLATUN1 A MAJOR C]EMONY1 TO PURGE IT FROM ITS TIME AS PRIVATE PROP]TY & TO COMMUNALIZE IT4 

,AT HIS H\SE1 DUR+ HIS WEEK5D FURL\<1 ,JOSE TELLS US MORE AB\T ! ,MAPU*E HI/ORY4 ,! ,MAPU*E T]RITORIES US$ TO EXT5D FROM NE> ! PRES5T LOCATIONS ( ,SANTIAGO & ,BU5OS ,AIRES1 ,PACIFIC COA/ TO ,ATLANTIC COA/1 S\? TO ! ISL& ( ,*ILOE4 ,F>!R S\?1 ON ! S\!RN CONE ( ! CONT95T1 O!R PEOPLES LIV$4 ,!Y W]E H>DY NATIONS ?AT SURVIV$ ! EXTREME TEMP]ATURES )\T PROBLEMS1 BUT W]E MO/LY EXT]M9AT$ :5 ! ,EUROPEANS CAME4 

,JOSE EXPLA9S ?AT W9KA1 ! T]M ! ,MAPU*E HAVE GIV5 TO ! ,EUROPEAN 9VAD]S1 SIMPLY MEANS 0NEW ,9CA40 ,BE=E ! >RIVAL ( ! CONQUI/ADORS1 ! ,9CA NATION W]E ALREADY 5GAG+ 9 A SORT ( REGIONAL IMP]IALISM1 :I* ! ,MAPU*E WANT$ NO P>T 94 ,! ,9CA >MIES GOT AS F> S\? AS PRES5T-DAY ,SANTIAGO1 :]E !Y W]E DEFEAT$ & CONSI/5TLY PREV5T$ FROM ADVANC+ ANY F>!R4 ,:5 ! ,SPANI% >RIV$1 ! ,MAPU*E TREAT$ !M AS JU/ ! MO/ REC5T 9VAD]S1 & DEFEAT$ !M AS WELL4 ,IT'S A PO9T ( PRIDE ?AT ! ,9CA1 :O HAD AN ADVANC$1 C5TRALIZ$ CIVILIZATION1 FELL EASILY TO ! CONQUI/ADORS1 :ILE ! ,MAPU*E1 :O W]E DEC5TRALIZ$1 NEV] DID4 ,:AT ! ,SPANI% C\LDN'T UND]/& WAS ?AT !RE WAS NO S+LE ,MAPU*E >MY4 ,EA* GR\P ( COMMUNITIES HAD !IR [N TOKI1 & IF ! ,SPANI% WON A BATTLE AGA9/ ONE GR\P ( W>RIORS1 AS SOON AS !Y ADVANC$ A LITTLE F>!R !Y'D HAVE TO FACE ANO!R ONE4 

,DUR+ MY TIME 9 ,WALLMAPU1 ,I ?9K A LOT AB\T :AT IT MEANS TO BE A PEOPLE4 ,FROM ! TRADITIONAL AN>*I/ /&PO9T1 A PEOPLE OR A NATION IS AN ESS5TIALIZ+ CATEGORY1 & ?US A VEHICLE = DOM9ATION4 ,H[EV]1 IT BECOMES IMM$IATELY CLE> ?AT IT W\LD BE IMPOSSIBLE TO SUPPORT ! ,MAPU*E /RUGGLE :ILE BE+ DISMISSIVE ( ! IDEA ( A PEOPLE4 

,HOPEFULLY BY ?IS PO9T ALL ,WE/]N AN>*I/S REALIZE ?AT NATIONAL LIB]ATION /RUGGLES >5'T 9H]5TLY NATIONALI/2 ?AT NATIONALISM IS A ,EUROPEAN MODE ( POLITICS 9SEP>ABLE FROM ! FACT ?AT ALL REMA9+ ,EUROPEAN NATIONS >E >TIFICIAL CON/RUCTIONS ( A C5TRAL /ATE1 :]EAS 9 ! RE/ ( ! WORLD 7EXCEPT+1 SAY1 ,*9A OR ,JAPAN71 ?IS IS USUALLY ONLY TRUE ( PO/-COLONIAL /ATES 7LIKE ,*ILI OR ,ALG]IA7 ?AT EXI/ 9 DIRECT OPPOSITION TO NON-/ATE NATIONS4 ,MANY O!R NATIONS >E NOT AT ALL HOMOG5IZ+ OR C5TRALLY ORGANIZ$4 

,GO+ BEYOND ?IS1 ?\<1 IS IT ESS5TIALIZ+ TO TALK AB\T A ,MAPU*E WORLDVIEW OR WAY ( LIFE8 ,! MORE ,I LI/51 H[EV]1 ! MORE ,I D\BT MY ACCU/OM$ /&PO9T4 ,TO A GREAT EXT5T1 ,MAPU*E IS A *OS5 ID5TITY4 ,MO/ 0,*ILEANS0 HAVE BLACK HAIR1 BROAD FACES1 & BR[N SK91 :ILE LESS ?AN #a.0 ( ! POPULATION ( ! ,*ILEAN /ATE ID5TIFY AS ,MAPU*E4 ,9 A CONTEXT ( =C$ ASSIMILATION & A HI/ORY ( G5OCIDE1 *OOS+ TO ID5TIFY AS ,MAPU*E IS1 ON SOME LEVELS1 A POLITICAL /ATEM5T1 A WILLFUL 9H]ITANCE ( A CULTURAL TRADITION & HUNDR$S ( YE>S ( /RUGGLE1 & AN 5GAGEM5T ) AN ONGO+ /RATEGIC DEBATE ?AT P]HAPS MAKES IT LEGITIMATE TO TALK AB\T :AT ! ,MAPU*E WANT1 :AT !Y BELIEVE1 9 A MORE S+UL> WAY4 ,AT ONE PO9T1 :5 WE'RE TALK+ AB\T ME/IZOS1 ,JOSE MAKES IT CLE> ?AT SOMEONE IS ,MAPU*E IF !Y ID5TIFY AS SU*1 EV5 IF !Y HAVE MIX$ P>5TAGE4 ,9 O!R WORDS ! ,WE/]N NOTION ( E?NICITY1 :I* LEAVES NO ROOM = *OICE BECAUSE IT IS BAS$ ON BLOOD QUANTA1 DOES NOT APPLY4 ,ALSO1 ! FACT ?AT ! ,MAPU*E CALL ! ,EUROPEANS ! 0NEW ,9CA0 %[ ?AT !Y DO NOT HAVE AN ESS5TIALIZ+1 G5]ALIZ+ VIEW ( SAM5ESS BETWE5 ALL 9DIG5\S PEOPLES4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 MANY PEOPLE WE MET SPECIFI$ AN 9T]E/ 9 CONNECT+ SPECIFICALLY ) O!R ,FIR/ ,NATIONS ?AT W]E FI<T+ BACK AGA9/ !IR COLONIZATION1 %[+ ?AT :AT !Y C>$ AB\T WAS NOT A RACIAL CATEGORY1 BUT A /RUGGLE4 

,SO IF ,MAPU*E IS A *OS5 ID5TITY BAS$ ON A V]Y REAL %>$ HI/ORY1 %>$ CULTURE1 & ONGO+ COLLECTIVE DEBATE ( /RATEGY1 IS IT ACTUALLY ALL ?AT DIFF]5T FROM ! ID5TITY ( AN>*I/8 ,WELL1 YES3 IT HAS A LONG] HI/ORY1 TI$ TO A SPECIFIC GEOGRAPHIC T]RITORY & CULTURAL-L+UI/IC 9H]ITANCE4 ,AN>*ISM ALSO CONTA9S A GREAT] DIV]SITY ( WORLDVIEWS1 BUT ON ! FLIPSIDE NO ONE ,I MET TRI$ TO PRES5T ! ,MAPU*E AS HOMOG5\S1 EV5 AS !Y TALK$ AB\T A ,MAPU*E WORLDVIEW4 

,9 SUM1 ! CONCEPT ( BELONG+ TO A PEOPLE BR+S A GREAT DEAL ( /R5G? TO ! ,MAPU*E /RUGGLE4 ,BECAUSE ! /ATE FALLS \TSIDE ( & AGA9/ ?AT PEOPLE & !IR HI/ORY1 ,I F9D SOME ELEM5TS ( ! ,MAPU*E REALITY1 ( !IR WORLD1 TO BE A MORE PR(\ND REALIZATION ( AN>*Y ?AN ,I HAVE F\ND AMONG SELF-ID5TIFI$ AN>*I/S4 ,& CONSID]+ ?AT ?OSE AN>*I/ MOVEM5TS ?AT HAVE BE5 ABLE TO MA9TA9 JU/ #d YE>S ( HI/ORICAL MEMORY 7,GREECE1 ,SPA97 >E CONSI/5TLY /RONG] ?AN AN>*I/ MOVEM5TS ?AT HAVE A H>D TIME EV5 UND]/&+ ! CONCEPT ( HI/ORICAL MEMORY 7,U,S1 ,U,K71 IT IS NO SURPRISE ?AT ! ,MAPU*E1 :O MA9TA9 OV] #e YE>S ( HI/ORICAL MEMORY1 >E SO /RONGLY ROOT$ ?AT !Y SEEM IMP]VI\S TO REPRESSION4 

,FIRE 

,= ! ?IRD TIME1 ,I C>RY A SMOLD]+ BRAN* FROM ! COOK+ FIRE TO ! NE/ ( DRY K9DL+ ,I'VE PLAC$ 9 ! BRU%1 & F9ALLY IT CAT*ES1 & ! ORANGE FEA!RS FLAP & FLUTT] LIKE A BIRD /UCK 9 A ?ORN BU%4 ,DESPITE ALL ! AN>*I/ ROMANC+ ( FIRE1 ,I'VE NEV] BE=E ?\<T ( >SON LIKE ?IS4 

,ANGELICA & ,JOSE HAVE TAK5 US TO RECLAIM$ L&1 A PLOT WELL SUIT$ = F>M+1 :]E ! HILLSIDE ISN'T SO /EEP4 ,JOSE IS DRIV+ ! TEAM ( OX5 OV] ! ACRE ?AT WAS CLE>$ LA/ YE>1 PULL+ A HEAVY IRON PL[ ?R\< ! E>? TO MAKE FURR[S = S[+ POTATO & ONION4 ,! ADJAC5T ACRE HAS ALREADY BE5 SE$$ ) B>LEY4 ,ANGELICA1 MEAN:ILE1 IS T5D+ ! FIRE4 ,ONE FIRE IS PATI5TLY COOK+ \R LUN*1 :ILE ITS *ILDR5 >E SPREAD+ ?R\< ! BRU% TO CLE> ! E>? = NEXT YE>'S FIELDS4 ,& MY FRI5DS & ,I >E HELP+4 ,5VIRONM5TALI/S />T+ =E/ FIRES1 ,I SNICK]4 

,( C\RSE1 !RE'S BE5 NO =E/ H]E = DECADES4 ,?IS WAS A P9E PLANTATION ON /OL5 ,MAPU*E L&S1 ID5TICAL R[S ( G5ETICALLY MODIFI$1 NON-NATIVE P9E TREES PLANT$ BY ,=E/AL ,M99CO1 A COMPANY [N$ BY ONE ( ! WEAL?IE/ FAMILIES 9 ,*ILI4 ,T5 YE>S AGO1 A NUMB] ( HECT>ES W]E TAK5 OV] BY COMMUNITY MEMB]S4 ,AT FIR/1 ONLY ! MO/ POLITICALLY ACTIVE MEMB]S ( ! COMMUNITY D>$ TO P>TICIPATE 9 ! RE-OCCUPATION1 & SOME O!RS W\LD COME \T TO COOK OR O!RWISE GIVE SUPPORT4 ,:5 ! C\RTS F\ND \T ?AT BO? ! COMMUNITY & ! TIMB] COMPANY HELD TITLES TO ! SAME L&1 !Y DECL>$ !Y C\LD TAKE NO ACTION1 & ON ! GR\ND ! COMMUNITY MEMB]S HAVE OV]:ELM$ ! =E/RY EMPLOYES4 ,N[1 IT'S BASICALLY A DONE DEAL1 & ! :OLE COMMUNITY COMES \T TO F>M ! RECOV]$ L&4 ,EA* FAMILY HAS ITS [N PLOT ( L& ?AT 9H]ES TO IT 9DIVIDUALLY4 ,! RECOV]$ L&1 MEAN:ILE1 IS COMMUNALLY [N$ & COLLECTIVELY MA9TA9$4 ,ONE FAMILY WILL WORK A SPECIFIC PLOT ONE YE>1 BUT ANO!R FAMILY MI<T WORK ! SAME PLOT ! NEXT YE>4 ,:5 NE$$1 ! :OLE COMMUNITY WILL GET TOGE!R TO TALK AB\T H[ TO USE ! L&1 BUT !Y SEEM TO PREF] TO WORK ?+S \T ON !IR [N & 9=MALLY1 )9 ! FRAMEWORK ( COMMON UND]/&+S ( :AT'S PROP]4 

,SOON 5\<1 WE FIGURE \T H[ TO WORK ! W9D & FUEL1 & H]E & !RE1 FLAMES LEAP TW5TY FEET TO ! SKY BE=E CALM+ D[N & SL[LY GNA%+ ?R\< ! ?ORN BU%ES & OLD P9E /UMPS4 ,IT'S A SMALL SECTION WE CLE>1 NOT EV5 A QU>T] ACRE1 BUT IT'S NOT BAD = A DAY'S WORK1 & ! WAT*WORD ( ! ,MAPU*E ,I MEET SEEMS TO BE 0POCO A POCO40 ,LITTLE BY LITTLE4 

,ANGELICA F9DS ME AN H]B1 SIETEV5AS1 = ME TO PRESS AGA9/ ! ?ORN-CUTS ON MY A%-BLACK H&S1 & !N ,I WALK D[N TO ! LAKE1 ! ,LLEU ,LLEU1 TO COOL (F 9 ITS WAT]S4 

"9 "9 "9 

,MAPU*E L& TAKEOV]S BEGAN 9 ! E>LY #a#i#iS1 AFT] ! 5D ( ! ,P9O*ET DICTATOR%IP1 ) GR\PS LIKE ,CONSEJO DE ,TODAS LAS ,TI]RAS4 ,!Y W\LD TAKE OV] PLOTS ( USURP$ ,MAPU*E L&S = ONE DAY1 SYMBOLICALLY1 TO REM9D !MSELVES & ! WORLD ?AT IT WAS !IR L&4 ,IT WAS AN IMPORTANT /EP =W>D1 BUT LIKE ANY /EP =W>D1 IT WASN'T 5\<4 0,IT DIDN'T FRI<T5 ! BIG COMPANIES40 ,ANGELICA TELLS ME H[ SUBSEQU5TLY1 9 #a#i#i#h1 ! ,C4,A4,M4 =M$1 ,COORD9ADORA DE ,>AUCA-,MALLECO4 ,BY DEVELOP+ ! TACTIC ( 0PRODUCTIVE RECOV]IES10 ! ,C4,A4,M4 05RAG$0 ! L&LORDS4 ,!Y RECOV]$ L& = GOOD1 COM+ 9 ) A GR\P ( ?IRTY PEOPLE TO CUT D[N ! TREES1 TURN+ TIMB] PLANTATIONS 9TO G>D5S SO ,MAPU*E COMMUNITIES C\LD FE$ !MSELVES4 ,BACK 9 ,TEMUCO1 :5 ,I ASK$ AB\T ALL ! 0,C4,A4,M40S ,I SAW GRAFFITI$ ON ! WALLS1 ,JOSE HAD JOK$ ?AT 0,C4,A4,M4 WAS TO ! ,*ILEAN /ATE :AT ,AL ,QAIDA IS TO ! ,U4,S4 GOV]NM5T40 

,ANGELICA TELLS US H[ BO? %E & ,JOSE HAD BE5 MEMB]S ( ,C4,A4,M41 & IT TOO WAS AN IMPORTANT /EP =W>D1 BUT !Y LEFT ! ORGANIZATION :5 !Y REALIZ$ IT HAD A FUNDAM5TALLY LEFTI/ WAY ( ?9K+1 0NOT TRULY ,MAPU*E4 ,WE'VE ALWAYS SURVIV$ BECAUSE WE HAVE \R [N WAY ( ?9K+4 ,WE CAN BUILD SOLID>ITY ) ! ,LEFT BUT WE CAN'T BECOME P>T ( IT2 ?AT W\LD BE AGA9/ :O WE >E40 

,I ASK IF ! L& RECOV]Y ACTIONS SOMETIMES 9VOLVE REPLANT+ NATIVE =E/S4 ,ANGELICA SAYS ?AT SOME ,MAPU*E >E REPLANT+ NATIVE TREE SPECIES1 & P]HAPS IT NE$S TO HAPP5 MORE (T51 BUT = N[ !Y >E FOCUS$ ON PLANT+ G>D5S SO !Y CAN W9 ! ABILITY TO FE$ !MSELVES1 & CREATE !IR 9DEP5D5CE AT AN ECONOMIC LEVEL4 

,LAT]1 %E TELLS US AB\T LIV+ 9 CL&E/9ITY4 0,= ONE ?+1 Y\ DON'T HAVE ANY PEACE ( M9D4 ,ON TOP ( ?AT1 Y\ CAN'T PLAN = ! FUTURE OR HAVE ANY PROJECTUALITY4 ,:ILE Y\'RE EAT+ BREAKFA/1 Y\'LL BE KEEP+ Y\R EYES ON ! ROAD \TSIDE1 READY TO RUN AT ANY TIME40 ,ONE TIME1 A C>AVAN ( #d COPS ) BUSSES1 TANKS1 WAT] CANNONS1 & JEEPS CAME TO >RE/ !M1 A HUGE DISPLAY ( =CE TO %[ ! FUTILITY ( RESI/ANCE4 ,BUT ,ANGELICA SAW ! C>AVAN :5 IT WAS /ILL ON ! O!R SIDE ( ! LAKE1 & !Y RAN = ! HILLS4 0,! :OLE PA? WAS GRE50 ) UNI=M$ POLICE4 

,ANGELICA GAVE BIR? TO !IR SON :ILE ! TWO W]E UND]GR\ND4 ,EV5TUALLY !Y W]E CAU<T :5 A NEI<BOR BECAME AN 9=MANT = #e1 PESOS 7AB\T A ?\S& DOLL>S74 ,ANGELICA SP5T #d MON?S 9 PRETRIAL DET5TION & W5T ?R\< ?REE TRIALS1 BUT WAS ULTIMATELY ACQUITT$ ( 0ILLEGAL ASSOCIATION0 UND] ! ANTIT]RORI/ LAW4 ,BE=E BE+ ACCUS$ %E HAD ALMO/ COMPLET$ UNIV]SITY1 EV]Y?+ EXCEPT ! F9AL EXAMS1 BUT IT WAS A ,CA?OLIC S*OOL & !Y W\LDN'T LET H] TAKE ! EXAMS 9 JAIL SO %E NEV] GOT H] DIPLOMA4 ,N[1 9 H] COMMUNITY ON ! BANKS ( ! ,LLEU ,LLEU1 %E SMILES AT ! ?\<T ( UNIV]SITY4 

,ON ! WAY BACK FROM ! FIELDS1 ,JOSE HAS ME HELP HIM RETURN ! OX5 & ! PL[ TO ! NEI<BORS FROM :OM HE HAS BORR[$ !M4 ,HE TALKS TO ! OX5 9 A SPECIAL LANGUAGE OR T\*ES !M ON A %\LD] ) A LONG /ICK TO GUIDE !M ?R\< ! TURNS1 & !Y NE$ NO MORE PROMPT+ ?AN ?AT4 ,AS WE WALK HE TELLS ME MORE AB\T ! ,MAPU*E WORLDVIEW4 0,UNLIKE ,WE/]N SOCIETY1 ! ,MAPU*E DON'T SEE HUMANS AS ! C5T] ( ! WORLD4 ,WE DON'T ?9K HUMANS >E ! P]FECT SPECIES ?AT CAN DOM9ATE ALL ! O!R SPECIES4 ,WE UND]/& ?AT WE >E JU/ A P>T ( ! WORLD40 ,9 TURN ,I TELL HIM AB\T DEBATES AN>*I/S HAVE HAD1 REG>D+ ANIMAL LIB]ATION1 ECOC5TRISM1 & VEGANISM4 ,:5 WE REA* ! NEI<BORS' H\SE1 ! OX5 B[ !IR HEADS SO WE CAN UNTIE ! YOKE1 & !N !Y W&] (F 9 SE>* ( HAY4 ,WE TAKE A %ORTCUT BACK TO ! H\SE1 FOLL[+ ! PA? HE & ,ANGELICA US$ TO ESCAPE ! POLICE1 A FEW YE>S E>LI]4 

,WE DON'T WANT AUTONOMY 

,DANIEL & ,MIRIAM LIVE 9 ! COMMUNITY ,JUAN ,L9COPAN1 AT ,RANQUILHUE1 ) !IR ?REE DAU<T]S4 ,! COMMUNITY CONSI/S ( AB\T #c FAMILIES LIV+ ON #d HECT>ES1 & IS TRY+ TO RETAKE ANO!R #a HECT>ES4 ,!Y LIVE AMONG G5TLE1 ROLL+ HILLS1 P>TIALLY =E/$1 ABOVE ! NOR?WE/ P>T ( ! ,LLEU ,LLEU4 ,ALONGSIDE !IR H\SE1 :I* !Y'VE JU/ F9I%$ BUILD+ !MSELVES1 ,DANIEL & ,MIRIAM HAVE A L>GE G>D51 & HI<] UP ON ! HILL A FIELD = POTATO & B>LEY4 ,SOMEONE 9 ! COMMUNITY [NS A TRACTOR HE R5TS \T = PL[+1 O!RWISE !Y W\LD PL[ ) OX54 ,9 !IR G>D5 !Y PRACTICE ORGANIC AGRICULTURE1 ?\< !Y HAV5'T YET BEGUN TO IMPLEM5T ?IS PRACTICE 9 ! FIELDS4 

,!Y HAVE *ICK5S & A /EADY SUPPLY ( EGGS1 DOGS ?AT LIVE 9 ! SPACE UND] ! H\SE & W>N ( ANYONE APPROA*+1 !Y MAKE !IR [N BREAD & COOK & HEAT ! H\SE ) A WOOD /OVE4 ,! H\SE HAS A WAT] CONNECTION BUT NO SEWAGE2 ALL ! GRAYWAT] DRA9S 9TO ! G>D51 & AT ! $GE ( ! Y>D IS AN \?\SE4 

,PR\DLY1 ,MIRIAM %[S ME A L9E ( TREES !Y HAVE PLANT$ NE> !IR H\SE1 ALL NATIVE SPECIES LIKE ! NOTRO1 HAULLI1 >AYAN1 & HAZELNUT4 0,WE F\ND ! SE$L+S UP 9 ! M\NTA9S & BR\<T !M D[N H]E10 %E EXPLA9S4 ,! TOP ( ! HILL IS /ILL COV]$ 9 EXOTIC EUCALYPTUS TREES1 :I* DRA9 ! WAT] TABLE1 BUT !Y'RE H>VE/+ ! EUCALYPTUS = FIREWOOD & SL[LY REPLAC+ !M ) NATIVE SPECIES4 

,!Y WANT !IR DAU<T]S TO GO TO S*OOL AT LEA/ UNTIL !Y LE>N H[ TO READ1 BUT !RE DOESN'T SEEM TO BE ANY GREAT PRESSURE TO ATT5D4 ,DUR+ ! DAYS ?AT WE /AY ) !M1 ONE DAU<T] SEEMS TO BE PLAY+ HOOKY P]MAN5TLY4 ,MIRIAM SAYS %E LIKES TO BR+ H] DAU<T]S ALONG ON L& RECOV]Y ACTIONS SO !Y CAN GET A S5SE ( ! /RUGGLE1 & AN UND]/&+ ?AT ALL ?IS IS !IR T]RITORY4 

,9 ! PA/1 MO/ Y\NG ,MAPU*E W5T TO ! CITIES BUT N[ AN 9CREAS+ NUMB] >E /AY+ 9 ! C\NTRY4 ,:AT !Y REALLY NE$ N[ IS AN 9DEP5D5T S*OOL 9 !IR COMMUNITY1 ?AT WILL NOT TRA9 ,*ILEAN CITIZ5S BUT WILL BE BAS$ 9 ! ,MAPU*E WORLDVIEW4 

,BO? ,DANIEL & ,MIRIAM US$ TO BELONG TO ! ,C4,A4,M4 BUT !Y HAVE S9CE LEFT IT4 0,! ,C4,A4,M4 CAME FROM ! \TSIDE & DID !IR WORK V]Y WELL1 BUT AFT] ! ACTIONS !Y'D LEAVE1 & :O W\LD RECEIVE ! CONSEQU5CES8 ,! COMMUNITY4 ,WE DON'T ?9K ?AT'S A GOOD /RATEGY4 ,WE WORK 9SIDE ! COMMUNITY TO MAKE ! /RUGGLE FROM ! 9SIDE4 ,EV5 IF IT TAKES #a#e1 #b YE>S40 

,C4,A4,M41 ?\< IT WAS ! MO/ RADICAL ,MAPU*E ORGANIZATION UNTIL REC5TLY1 PROPOSES AUTONOMY 9/EAD ( 9DEP5D5CE1 MEAN+ ?AT ! ,MAPU*E W\LD RECEIVE CULTURAL & POLITICAL RI<TS1 & P]HAPS !IR [N REGIONAL GOV]NM5T1 )9 ! ,*ILEAN /ATE4 ,SOME ( !IR L&S W\LD BE RETURN$ TO !M1 ?\< [N]%IP W\LD /ILL BE =MULAT$ ACCORD+ TO ! EXI/+ CAPITALI/ LAWS4 ,AN 9CREAS+ NUMB] ( ,MAPU*E >E BEG9N+ TO ?9K ?AT ! TIME HAS COME TO OP5LY PROPOSE 9DEP5D5CE1 RE/OR+ ! PRE-#a#h#h BORD]S1 AS GU>ANTE$ BY MULTIPLE TREATIES ) ! ,SPANI% CR[N & ! ,*ILEAN /ATE1 & RE/OR+ A SOV]EIGN ,WALLMAPU1 SELF-ORGANIZ$ ACCORD+ TO ITS [N CULTURAL TRADITIONS1 CIRCUL>1 ECOC5TRIC1 DEC5TRALIZ$1 & NONHI]>*ICAL4 

,WE TALK ) ,DANIEL & ,MIRIAM AB\T ALL ! SIMIL>ITIES BETWE5 ! /RUGGLES 9 ,WALLMAPU & 9 ,EUSKAL ,H]RIA1 ! ,BASQUE C\NTRY4 ,! ,BASQUES HAVE WON AN AUTONOM\S GOV]NM5T )9 ! ,SPANI% /ATE1 & SOME CULTURAL RI<TS = ! PRES]VATION ( !IR LANGUAGE1 C\PL$ ) AN EV5 /RONG] REPRESSION ?AT APPLIES ! ANTIT]RORI/ LAW1 TORTURE1 & LONG PRISON S5T5CES AGA9/ ANYONE :O FI<TS BY ANY MEANS = ! FULL 9DEP5D5CE ( ! ,BASQUE PEOPLE4 ,IF ?AT'S AUTONOMY1 0!N WE WON'T FI<T = AUTONOMY10 LAU<S ,MIRIAM4 

,AS ! ,MAPU*E /RUGGLE /R5G!NS1 ! REPRESSION ALSO BECOMES MORE EFFECTIVE4 ,9 ! PA/1 ! POLICE W\LD COME 9TO ,MAPU*E COMMUNITIES & GET LO/1 BUT N[ !Y KN[ :]E EV]Y?+ IS4 ,N[ !RE >E ALSO POLICE EXP]TS :O KN[ ,MAPUDUNGUN1 ! LANGUAGE1 & !RE >E MORE 9FILTRATORS1 LIKE ONE UNIV]SITY /UD5T FROM ,CONCEPCION :OSE TE/IMONY L$ TO SEV]AL >RE/S1 & :O IS CURR5TLY WORK+ 9 ,MEXICO1 !Y SAY4 0,BA*ELET10 ! ,SOCIALI/ PRESID5T :O PREC$$ ,P9]A1 0HAD TWO FACES4 ,%E %[$ A NICE FACE1 & !N S5T 9 ! REPRESSION4 ,!RE WAS MORE REPRESSION ) H] ?AN !RE IS N[40 

,9 FACT1 A NUMB] ( Y\NG ,MAPU*E W]E KILL$ BY POLICE DUR+ ! PREVI\S GOV]NM5T4 ,?REE CASES >E BE/ KN[N1 & !IR NAMES GRACE ! WALLS ( MANY T[NS & CITIES >\ND ! ,MAPU*E T]RITORIES4 ,ALEX ,LEMUN1 %OT 9 ! HEAD NE> ,ANGOL4 ,MATIAS ,CA*ILEO1 %OT 9 ! BACK 9 ,JANU>Y #bh ON ! E/ATE ( A BIG L&LORD1 HIS BODY FELL 9TO A CANAL & HAD TO BE FI%$ \T4 ,M5DOZA ,COLLIU1 %OT 9 ! BACK 9 ,AUGU/ #b#i4 0,ALL ( !M W]E %OT FROM BEH9D1 NONE 9 ! FRONT10 ,DANIEL EXPLA9S GRAVELY4 0,!Y W]E ALL RUNN+60 ,MIRIAM ADDS1 & !Y />T TO LAU<4 

,!Y TALK AB\T H[ ! /RUGGLE IS GR[+ BEYOND ! EXHAU/+ CYCLE ( ACTION1 >RE/1 & SUPPORT1 & H[ !Y NE$ TO DEVELOP A LEGAL AID ORGANIZATION1 AS A %IELD1 TO FUNCTION ALONGSIDE ! MORE MILITANT P>TS ( ! /RUGGLE4 

,! ,MAPU*E >E BY NO MEANS VICTIMS4 ,!SE CONFRONTATIONS HAVE TAK5 PLACE DUR+ A =CEFUL /RUGGLE = ! RECOV]Y ( !IR L&S4 ,AT ,RANQUILHUE1 !RE US$ TO BE SOME TRAIL]S :]E TIMB] EMPLOYES LIV$1 WAT*+ OV] ! USURP$ L&S4 ,>\ND ! #b#d1 ! H\SES W]E SET ON FIRE1 & ! WORK]S & !IR FAMILIES W]E BURN$ \T4 ,!N ! /ATE SET UP A MAKE%IFT COMM& C5T] :]E A NUMB] ( POLICE LIV$1 TO GU>D ! TIMB] PLANTATION4 ,*ILI'S /RATEGY ( CONTROL IS HI<LY LEGALI/IC1 SO 9/EAD ( HIR+ M]C5>IES OR P>AMILIT>IES AS !Y MI<T 9 O!R C\NTRIES1 ! TIMB] CORPORATIONS RELY DIRECTLY ON POLICE PROTECTION4 

,>\ND #b#f1 IT WAS TIME = ! POLICE TO GO4 ,?IS TIME1 ! COMMUNITY MEMB]S DIDN'T COME 9 ! NI<T1 BUT 9 ! DAYTIME1 9 !IR HUNDR$S1 & =C$ \T ! POLICE4 ,S9CE !N1 ?AT P>TICUL> P9E PLANTATION HAS BE5 UNPROTECT$1 & ! COMMUNITY HAS BEGUN CLE>+ IT SO !Y CAN PLANT FIELDS4 ,UP UNTIL !N1 ! =E/RY COMPANY WANT$ TO R5T \T L& RI<T ON ! BANKS ( ! LAKE1 ! ,LLEU ,LLEU1 TO BUILD A T\RI/ HOTEL4 ,! LOCAL ,MAPU*E W\LD RECEIVE EMPLOYM5T1 ,DANIEL RELATES ) DISGU/1 WORK+ AT ! HOTEL = ! T\RI/S1 SELL+ !M VEGETABLES1 CLEAN+ !IR TOILETS4 ,AFT] ! POLICE W]E =C$ \T1 ! HOTEL PROJECT WAS PUT ON HOLD4 ,SOME T\RI/ CAB9S [N$ BY \TSID]S W]E ALSO TOR*$ >\ND ?IS TIME4 ,>\ND ,RANQUILHUE !RE >E A FEW VACATION CAB9S [N$ BY ,MAPU*E & R5T$ \T 9 ! SUMM]S TO G5]ATE SOME 9COME1 BUT !Y >E L[ KEY & EXI/ ON ! T]MS ( ! COMMUNITY MEMB]S !MSELVES4 

,!RE IS1 H[EV]1 A PROBLEM ) 9DIG5\S CAPITALISM4 ,DANIEL & ,MIRIAM RELATE ONE /ORY ( A COMMUNITY MEMB] :O US$ HIS L&S = SMALL-SCALE AGRIBUS9ESS1 & O!RS :O KICK$ \T ! LOGG+ COMPANIES ONLY TO CONT9UE TO H>VE/ & SELL EXOTIC TREES ON ?AT L&4 ,BUT ! ONLY COMPANIES ABLE TO BUY ! LUMB] W]E ! V]Y SAME LOGG+ COMPANIES1 SO 9 ! 5D !Y DIDN'T C>E :O CONTROLL$ OR MANAG$ ! L& AS LONG AS IT CONT9U$ PRODUC+ UND] A CAPITALI/ LOGIC4 ,RECREAT+ CAPITALISM )9 !IR /RUGGLE IS A RECOGNIZ$ DANG]4 

,& !N !RE >E ,MAPU*E POLITICIANS4 ,!RE >E ?OSE :O WORK ) ! GOV]NM5T1 & ?OSE :O TRY TO =M POLITICAL P>TIES TO CO-OPT ! /RUGGLE1 0BUT !RE IS NO ,MAPU*E POLITICAL P>TY1 IT DOESN'T EXI/1 BECAUSE WE CLOS$ ! DOOR & !Y'RE LEFT ON ! \TSIDE40 

0,! ,MAPU*E CAN HAVE !IR 9DEP5D5CE1 BUT IF !Y LACK ! SPIRITUAL SIDE ( ?+S IT'S NO?+4 ,A ,MAPU*E )\T NEW5 IS NOT ,MAPU*E40 ,NEW51 !Y EXPLA91 MEANS /R5G?1 BUT IT IS ALSO ! /R5G? ( NATURE1 OR ! 5]GY ONE RECEIVES FROM ! NATURAL WORLD4 0,! TIME :5 ! SKY GOES FROM D>K TO LI<T IS :5 Y\ RECEIVE ALL Y\R /R5G?40 ,ACCORD+LY1 !RE IS A SPECIFIC ,MAPU*E RITUAL ?AT ONE UND]TAKES 9 TIMES ( DIFFICULTY1 GETT+ UP BE=E DAWN TO ASK = /R5G? & DRAW ON ! P[] ( ! WORLD4 

,TIMB]6 

,A FIFTY YE> OLD P9E TREE1 /&+ ONE HUNDR$ FEET TALL1 DOES AN 9CR$IBLE ?+ TO S\ND AS IT FALLS T[>DS ! E>?4 ,FIR/1 :5 IT FIR/ />TS TO LEAN1 Y\ >E 9CR$IBLY ATTUN$ TO EV]Y CREAK & CRACK ( WOOD4 ,!N1 AS SOON AS NO?+ IS LEFT HOLD+ IT UP1 ! GRAVITY ( ITS FALL PULLS ALL O!R S\NDS ) IT 9TO AN AC\/IC BLACK HOLE1 & ! :OLE WORLD GOES SIL5T4 ,!N1 JU/ BE=E IMPACT1 Y\ BECOME AW>E ( A T]RIBLE W9D1 AS ALL ! ?\S& BRAN*ES PULL FA/] & FA/] ?R\< ! AIR4 ,F9ALLY1 :5 ! GREAT TREE HITS ! GR\ND1 Y\ FEEL ! ?UND]CLAP 9 Y\R V]Y BONES1 AS IF = A MOM5T1 Y\ >E ! TREE4 

,IT'S A SAD ?+ TO KILL SU* A GREAT TREE1 ESPECIALLY ) A TOOL SO CRUDE AS A *A9SAW4 ,BUT DEA? CAN ALSO BE AN OCCASION = JOY4 ,?IS TREE %\LD NOT BE H]E1 & 9 ITS BODY IS HELD FIFTY YE>S ( RI*NESS1 ?AT A COLONIZ+ COMPANY TRI$ TO /EAL1 BUT ?AT WILL N[ BE RETURN$ TO ! SOIL FROM :I* IT CAME4 ,NEXT YE>1 !RE WILL BE A FIRE1 & ! A%ES WILL COME BACK AS POTATOES OR >AYAN TREES4 

,WE SP5D ! DAY WALK+ ?R\< ! PLANTATION1 CUTT+ D[N TREES H]E & !RE1 /AY+ ON ! MOVE4 ,AT ONE PO9T WE PASS ! BURN$ \T REMA9S ( OLD TRAIL]S1 SPRAYPA9T$ ) ,MAPU*E SLOGANS1 & ! FLIPP$ OV]1 RU/$ WRECK ( A POLICE C>4 ,H]E !RE WAS A BATTLE1 A VICTORY4 ,! L& RECLAMATION ON ?IS T]RA9 IS A NEW ONE1 BUT ALREADY A FIELD HAS BE5 PL[$ 9 ITS MID/4 ,NEXT YE> !RE WILL BE MORE4 ,LITTLE BY LITTLE4 

,ON ! ROAD FIFTY MET]S AWAY1 A BIG R$ PICKUP TRUCK /OPS ABREA/ ( US4 ,IT C\LD BE COMPANY WORK]S1 OR UND]COV] POLICE4 ,WE RUN 9TO ! WOODS4 ,! /RUGGLE CONT9UES4 

,CL&E/9ITY 

,IT'S LATE AT NI<T :5 WE'RE TAK5 OV] W9D+ ROADS TO ! PLACE :]E ,JUAN ,C>LOS ,MILLANAO IS HID+4 ,HE'S ON ! RUN1 LIV+ A FEW MON?S N[ 9 CL&E/9ITY1 ACCUS$ ( A CRIME UND] ! ANTIT]RORI/ LAW4 ,! PROSECUTOR IS SEEK+ #gc YE>S IMPRISONM5T 9 HIS CASE4 ,HE TELLS US HIS /ORY4 

,HE LEFT HIS COMMUNITY AT #af YE>S OLD1 & LIV$ 9 ! CITY = N9E YE>S1 HOMELESS1 LE>N+ A FEW DIFF]5T TRADES 9 ORD] TO SURVIVE4 ,9 #a#i#i1 HE RETURN$ HOME1 BUT F\ND ?AT NO ONE WAS TALK+ AB\T /RUGGLE4 ,SO HE W5T TO ,SANTIAGO1 :]E HE F\ND A JOB 9 A M9E 9 ! NOR?4 ,= T5 YE>S HE WORK$ 9 ! M9E1 OCCASIONALLY COM+ BACK HOME TO BR+ MONEY & P>TICIPATE 9 ! /RUGGLE1 LEAV+ AGA9 BE=E HE APPE>$ ON ! AU?ORITIES' RAD>4 ,= YE>S HE SUPPORT$ ! /RUGGLE & EVAD$ >RE/4 ,AFT] T5 YE>S ( WORK1 HIS COMMUNITY F9ALLY TOOK OV] ! E/ATE ?AT HAD USURP$ SOME ( !IR L&S1 & HE RETURN$ HOME TO LIVE & ?9K AB\T 9DEP5D5CE4 0,I HAVE TO FI<T = MY PEOPLE10 HE SAYS4 

0,! ,MAPU*E /RUGGLE HAS ALL IT NE$S10 HE TELLS US4 0,& WE'RE ALWAYS ?REE /EPS AHEAD ( ! /ATE40 ,!Y'RE V]Y /RATEGIC1 HE EXPLA9S4 ,ONCE1 !Y TOOK OV] AN E/ATE SURR\ND$ BY A MOAT & ELECTRIC WIRE & GU>D$ BY POLICE4 ,HUNDR$S ( PEOPLE CAME TO PROTE/ & CONFRONT ! POLICE AT ! FRONT ( ! E/ATE1 & !N O!RS APPE>$ 9SIDE ! PROP]TY1 BEH9D ! POLICE1 & BURN$ IT D[N4 ,! POLICE NEV] FIGUR$ \T H[ !Y GOT 91 HE *UCKL$4 

,CL&E/9ITY1 EXPLA9S ,JUAN ,C>LOS1 R>ELY LA/S MORE ?AN TWO YE>S BE=E ! FUGITIVE IS CAU<T1 BUT GO+ ON ! RUN CAN %[ CONTEMPT = /ATE JU/ICE & A REFUSAL TO SUBMIT TO !IR 9/ITUTIONALITY4 ,! TIME ON ! RUN CAN ALSO MAKE ?+S MORE DIFFICULT = ! PROSECUTION1 AS WITNESSES >E LO/ OR *ANGE !IR /ORY4 

,AT ANO!R PO9T 9 ! CONV]SATION1 HE EXPLA9S H[ IMPORTANT ! LAKE IS TO PEOPLE 9 ?AT REGION1 & H[ IT'S NO CO9CID5CE ?AT IT'S KEPT SO CLEAN4 ,E>LI]1 WE HAD BE5 BR\<T ACROSS ! LAKE ON A LITTLE MOTOR BOAT1 BECAUSE TRAVEL+ FROM ONE SIDE TO ! O!R WAS ALMO/ IMPOSSIBLE1 BUT USUALLY ! LAKE IS UNDI/URB$1 & A MOTORBOAT WILL NEV] BE LEFT 9 ! WAT] :5 IT IS NOT 9 USE4 ,HE JOKES ?AT IF ANY T\RI/S CAME & TRI$ TO JET SKI ON ! ,LLEU ,LLEU1 !Y W\LD BE TAK5 C>E (4 0,WE ,MAPU*E >E V]Y GOOD ) A ROCK & SL+10 HE SMILES4 

,:5 ,I ASK AB\T !IR RELATIONS ) ! AN>*I/S1 HE AGREES ?AT !Y GIVE GOOD SOLID>ITY1 BUT ! ,*ILEAN AN>*I/S 0LACK NEW540 ,! SPIRITUAL SIDE IS COMPLETELY MISS+1 & ?AT'S A GREAT WEAKNESS1 HE SAYS4 

,! HUNG]/RIK]S 9 ! ,TEMUCO PRISON ALSO UND]SCOR$ ! IMPORTANCE ( !IR SPIRITUALITY4 ,!IR MA*IS HAD BE5 ABLE TO VISIT !M & T5D TO !M :ILE !Y W]E LOCK$ UP1 & ?IS SUPPORT ALL[$ !M TO GO MU* LONG] )\T EAT+4 

,LITTLE BY LITTLE 

,MAURICIO ,HUAQUILLAO1 ONE ( ! HUNG]/RIK]S 9 ! ,TEMUCO PRISON1 TOLD US3 0,WE WANT TO REBUILD \R PEOPLE1 & ?IS PROJECT DIRECTLY LEADS US TO CONFRONT ! /ATE BY ALL MEANS POSSIBLE4 ,UNTIL N[ WE HAV5'T HAD ANY >M$ ORGANIZATIONS4 ,WE'RE DANG]\S = \R IDEAS40 

,! BE/ SOLID>ITY IS BAS$ 9 P]SONAL RELATION%IPS & RECIPROCITY4 ,AS AN>*I/S CONT9UE TO SUPPORT ! ,MAPU*E /RUGGLE & ATTACK ?OSE :O REPRESS !M1 WE ALSO GA9 A GREAT DEAL1 AS ! ,MAPU*E BURN \T ! %ALL[ F\NDATIONS ( ,/ATE & ,CAPITAL 9 ONE CORN] ( ! WORLD1 & CONT9UE TO DEVELOP A PR(\ND /RUGGLE WE CAN LE>N A GREAT DEAL FROM4 

,WE ALSO HAVE BE5 /RUGGL+ = HUNDR$S ( YE>S1 BUT WE NE$ TO REVIVE !SE ROOTS 9 ORD] TO GA9 /R5G? FROM !M4 ,WE CAN SEE ?AT !RE >E A HUNDR$ PA?S ( /RUGGLE1 & A HUNDR$ K9DS ( AN>*I/S :O >E NOT AN>*I/S1 COMRADES :O >E DIFF]5T1 & SEP>ATE1 BUT REFLECT A LITTLE ( \RSELVES1 9 \R %>$ LOVE ( FRE$OM & HATR$ ( DOM9ATION4 ,AS AN>*I/S1 WE DO NOT NE$ TO BELONG TO ! SAME ORGANIZATION AS !M1 USE ! SAME /RATEGY1 OR ADOPT ! SAME WORLDVIEW1 TO FI<T TOGE!R & AP>T AS COMRADES1 BECAUSE WE >E AGA9/ ! WORLD ( =C$ C5TRALIZATION4 

,HOPEFULLY1 !Y WILL SUCCE$ 9 MOV+ FROM AUTONOMY TO 9DEP5D5CE1 & HOPEFULLY WE WILL SUCCE$ 9 F9D+ ROOTS 9 ROOTLESS C\NTRIES1 & DEVELOP+ A /R5G? ?AT GOES F> DEEP] ?AN REPRESSION4 

,= ,L& & ,FRE$OM1 WE CONT9UE4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,JANU>Y #c#a1 #bba 3 ,) ,L&1 ,)\T ! ,/ATE3 ,AN>*Y 9 ,WALLMAPU -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #g1 #bbb 3 ,) ,L&1 ,)\T ! ,/ATE3 ,AN>*Y 9 ,WALLMAPU -- ,UPDAT$4 

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