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,! ,P>IS ,COMMUNE 

#ahheahhe 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,PET] ,KROPOTK9 

,TEXT 3 

  

,PHOTO BY ,FRANS ,V&EWALLE1,C,C ,B,Y-,N,C ,LIC5SE ,I4 

,ON ! #a#h? ( ,M>*1 #a#h#g#a1 ! PEOPLE ( ,P>IS ROSE AGA9/ A RULE ?AT WAS G5]ALLY DETE/$ & DESPIS$1 & PROCLAIM$ ! CITY ( ,P>IS 9DEP5D5T1 FREE1 & BELONG+ ONLY TO ITSELF4 

,?IS OV]?R[ ( C5TRAL P[] WAS MADE )\T ! USUAL SC5ES ( A REVOLUTION>Y UPRIS+3 ON ?AT DAY !RE W]E NEI!R VOLLEYS ( %OT NOR FLOODS ( BLOOD %$ BEH9D ! B>RICADES4 ,! RUL]S W]E ECLIPS$ BY AN >M$ PEOPLE GO+ \T 9TO ! /REETS2 ! SOLDI]S EVACUAT$ ! CITY1 ! BUREAUCRATS HA/5$ T[>DS ,V]SAILLES1 TAK+ ) !M EV]Y?+ !Y C\LD C>RY4 ,! GOV]NM5T EVAPORAT$ LIKE A PUDDLE ( /9K+ WAT] UND] ! BREA? ( A SPR+ W9D1 & BY ! #a#i?1 HAV+ %$ H>DLY A DROP ( ITS *ILDR5'S BLOOD1 ,P>IS F\ND ITSELF FREE ( ! PA/ ?AT HAD CONTAM9AT$ ! GREAT CITY4 

,AT ! SAME TIME1 ! REVOLUTION ?AT HAD BE5 ACCOMPLI%$ 9 ?IS WAY OP5$ UP A NEW ]A 9 ! S]IES ( REVOLUTIONS1 BY :I* ! PEOPLE M>* =W>D FROM SLAV]Y TO FRE$OM4 ,UND] ! NAME ( ,! ,P>IS ,COMMUNE A NEW IDEA WAS BORN1 DE/9$ TO BECOME ! PO9T ( DEP>TURE = FUTURE REVOLUTIONS4 

,AS IS ALWAYS ! CASE ) GREAT IDEAS1 IT WAS NOT A PRODUCT ( ! CONCEPTIONS ( AN 9DIVIDUAL PHILOSOPH]4 ,IT WAS BORN ( ! COLLECTIVE 9TELLIG5CE2 IT SPRANG FROM ! HE>T ( AN 5TIRE PEOPLE4 ,BUT IT WAS VAGUE 9 ! BEG9N+1 & MANY AMONG ?OSE :O HELP$ TO REALIZE IT & :O EV5 GAVE !IR LIVES = IT1 DID NOT IMAG9E ! EV5T AS WE CONCEIVE IT TODAY2 !Y DID POT FULLY UND]/& ! REVOLUTION !Y W]E 9AUGURAT+@& NOR ! FECUNDITY ( ! NEW PR9CIPLE :I* !Y W]E SEEK+ TO PUT 9TO EXECUTION4 ,IT WAS ONLY ) PRACTICAL APPLICATION ?AT ONE BEGAN TO P]CEIVE ITS FUTURE IMPORTANCE2 IT WAS ONLY 9 ! WORK+ \T ( ! ?\<T FROM ?IS TIME ONW>DS ?AT ! NEW PR9CIPLE BECAME MORE & MORE SPECIFIC & CLE>1 & APPE>$ 9 ALL ITS LUCIDITY1 ALL ITS BEAUTY1 ITS JU/ICE & ! IMPORTANCE ( ITS RESULTS4 

,AS SOON AS SOCIALISM HAD TAK5 A NEW IMPETUS 9 ! FIVE OR SIX YE>S PREC$+ ! ,COMMUNE17#c#c7 ONE QUE/ION ABOVE ALL PREOCCUPI$ ! ELABORATORS ( ! COM+ SOCIAL REVOLUTION3 ! QUE/ION ( KN[+ :AT =M ( POLITICAL GR\P+ AMONG SOCIETIES W\LD BE ! MO/ PROPITI\S = ?AT GREAT ECONOMIC REVOLUTION :I* CURR5T 9DU/RIAL DEVELOPM5T IMPOSES ON \R G5]ATIONS1 & :I* MU/ LEAD TO ! ABOLITION ( 9DIVIDUAL PROP]TY & ! COMMUNALIZ+ ( ALL ! CAPITAL ACCUMULAT$ BY PREC$+ G5]ATIONS4 

,! ,9T]NATIONAL ,WORK+M5'S ,ASSOCIATION GAVE ?AT RESPONSE4 ,ASSOCIATION1 IT SAID1 %\LD NOT BE RE/RICT$ TO ONE NATION2 IT %\LD EXT5D BEYOND ALL ! >TIFICIAL FRONTI]S4 ,& SOON ?AT GREAT IDEA W\LD P5ETRATE ! HE>TS ( ! PEOPLE & CAPTURE !IR M9DS4 ,H\ND$ S9CE !N BY AN ALLIANCE ( ALL ! REACTION>IES1 IT HAS NONE!LESS SURVIV$1 & AS SOON AS ! OB/ACLES RAIS$ TO ITS DEVELOPM5T >E DE/ROY$ TO ! *E]S ( ! 9SURG5T PEOPLE1 IT WILL BE REBORN /RONG] ?AN EV]4 

,BUT IT REMA9$ TO BE SE5 :AT W\LD BE ! 9TEGRAL P>TS ( ?AT VA/ ,ASSOCIATION4 ,AT ?AT TIME TWO GREAT CURR5TS ( IDEAS CONFRONT$ EA* O!R ) !IR SOLUTIONS TO ?AT GREAT QUE/ION3 ! ,POPUL> ,/ATE ON ! ONE H&1 & ,AN>*Y ON ! O!R4 

,ACCORD+ TO ! ,G]MAN SOCIALI/S1 ! ,/ATE %\LD TAKE POSSESSION ( ALL ACCUMULAT$ WEAL? & GIVE IT TO WORK]S' ASSOCIATIONS2 IT %\LD ORGANIZE PRODUCTION & EX*ANGE1 & KEEP WAT* OV] PUBLIC LIFE1 OV] ! FUNCTION+ ( SOCIETY4 

,TO ?IS ! MAJORITY ( SOCIALI/S ( ,LAT9 RACE1 REPLI$ ?AT SU* A ,/ATE -EV5 ADMITT+ ?AT BY SOME IMPOSSIBLE *ANCE IT C\LD EXI/-W\LD BE ! WOR/ ( TYRANNIES1 & !Y OPPOS$ ?IS IDEAL ) A NEW IDEAL COPI$ FROM ! PA/2 AN->*Y1 ?AT IS TO SAY1 ! COMPLETE ABOLITION ( ,/ATES1 & REORGANIZATION FROM ! SIMPLE TO ! COMPLEX ?R\< ! FREE F$]ATION ( ! POPUL> =CES ( PRODUC]S & CONSUM]S4 

,IT WAS SOON ADMITT$1 EV5 BY 0,/ATI/S0 LESS IMBU$ ) GOV]NM5T PREJUDICES1 ?AT ,AN>*Y 9DE$ REPRES5T$ A GREATLY SUP]IOR =M ( ORGANIZATION ?AN ?AT 5VISAG$ 9 ! POPUL> ,/ATE2 BUT1 !Y DECL>$1 ! AN>*I/ IDEAL IS SO F> BEYOND US ?AT WE CANNOT CONC]N \RSELVES ) IT AT ! PRES5T TIME4 ,AT ! SAME TIME1 AN>*I/ !ORY LACK$ A CONCRETE & SIMPLE =MULA ) :I* TO DEF9E ITS PO9T ( DEP>TURE1 TO GIVE BODY TO ITS AIMS1 & TO %[ ?AT !Y W]E BAS$ ON A CONCEPTION ?AT HAD A REAL EXI/5CE AMONG ! PEOPLE4 ,! F$]ATION ( WORK]S' CORPORATIONS & GR\PS ( CONSUM]S ACROSS ! FRONTI]S & AP>T FROM ! EXI/+ ,/ATES1 /ILL SEEM$ TOO VAGUE A CONCEPT2 & AT ! SAME TIME1 IT WAS EASY TO P]CEIVE ?AT !Y C\LD NOT COMPREH5D ! :OLE DIV]SITY ( HUMAN MANIFE/ATIONS4 ,A CLE>] =MULA1 ONE ?AT WAS EASI] TO COMPREH5D1 & :I* HAD ITS BASIC ELEM5TS 9 ! REALITY ( ?+S1 WAS NE$$4 

,IF IT HAD BE5 M]ELY A MATT] ( ELABORAT+ A !ORY1 WE MI<T WELL ASK H[ IMPORTANT !ORIES >E4 ,BUT UNTIL A NEW IDEA HAS F\ND A =M ( EXPRESSION ?AT IS CLE>1 PRECISE & D]IV$ FROM ACTUAL EXI/5CE1 IT WILL NOT SEIZE ON PEOPLE'S M9DS OR 9SPIRE !M TO ! PO9T ( EMB>K+ ON A DECISIVE /RUGGLE4 ,! PEOPLE DO NOT PLUNGE 9TO ! UNKN[N )\T GA9+ ! SUPPORT ( A RELIABLE & CLE>LY =MULAT$ IDEA :I* S]VES1 SO TO SPEAK1 AS A SPR+BO>D FROM :I* TO TAKE (F4 ,& ?IS TAKE(F PO9T1 LIFE ITSELF WILL 9DICATE4 

,= FIVE MON?S :ILE IT WAS ISOLAT$ BY ! SIEGE1 ,P>IS HAD LIV$ ITS [N LIFE & IT HAD COME TO UND]/& ! VA/ ECONOMIC1 9TELLECTUAL & MORAL P[]S AT ITS DISPOSAL2 IT HAD GLIMPS$ & UND]/OOD ! /R5G? ( ITS 9ITIATIVES4 ,AT ! SAME TIME1 IT HAD SE5 ?AT ! B& ( L BRIG&S :O HAD SEIZ$ P[] DID NOT KN[ H[ TO ORGANIZE ANY?+ -EI!R ! DEF5SE ( ,FRANCE OR ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! 9T]IOR4 ,IT HAD SE5 H[ ?IS C5TRAL GOV]NM5T HAD SET ITSELF AGA9/ ALL ?AT ! 9TELLIG5CE ( A GREAT CITY MI<T BR+ TO FRUITION4 ,IT HAD SE5 MORE ?AN ?AT3 ! P[]LESSNESS ( ANY GOV]NM5T TO W>D (F GREAT DISA/]S OR TO ASSI/ POSITIVE EVOLUTION :5 IT IS RIPE = FULFILLM5T44 ,DUR+ ! SIEGE IT HAD SUFF]$ FRI<TFUL POV]TY1 ! POV]TY ( ! WORK]S & DEF5D]S ( ! T[N1 BESIDE ! 9DOL5T LUXURY ( ! IDL]S4 ,& IT HAD SE5 ! FAILURE1 ?ANKS TO ! C5TRAL P[]1 ( ALL ITS ATTEMPTS TO PUT AN 5D TO ?IS SC&AL\S REGIME4 ,EA* TIME ! PEOPLE WI%$ TO TAKE A FREE 9ITIATIVE1 ! GOV]NM5T D\BL$ ITS FETT]S1 & ! IDEA WAS BORN QUITE NATURALLY ?AT ,P>IS %\LD TURN ITSELF 9TO AN 9DEP5D5T ,COMMUNE1 ABLE TO REALIZE )9 ITS WAILS ! WILL ( ! PEOPLE4 

,SUDD5LY1 ! WORD ,COMMUNE1 BEGAN TO EM]GE FROM EV]Y M\?4 

,! ,COMMUNE ( #ahga C\LD NOT BE ANY MORE ?AN A FIR/ SKET*4 ,BORN AT ! 5D ( A W>1 SURR\ND$ BY TWO >MIES READY TO GIVE A H& 9 CRU%+ ! PEOPLE1 IT D>$ NOT DECL>E ITSELF OP5LY SOCIALI/1 & PROCE$$ NEI!R TO ! EXPROPRIATION ( CAPITAL NOR TO ! ORGANIZATION ( WORK1 NOR EV5 TO A G5]AL 9V5TORY ( ! CITY'S RES\RCES4 ,NOR DID IT BREAK ) ! TRADITION ( ! ,/ATE1 ( REPRES5TATIVE GOV]NM5T1 & IT DID NOT ATTEMPT TO A*IEVE )9 ! ,COMMUNE ?AT ORGANIZATION FROM ! SIMPLE TO ! COMPLEX IT ADUMBRAT$ BY PROCLAIM+ ! 9DEP5D5CE & FREE F$]ATION ( ,COMMUNES4 ,BUT IT IS C]TA9 ?AT IF ! ,COMMUNE ( ,P>IS HAD LIV$ A FEW MON?S LONG]1 ! /R5G? ( EV5TS W\LD HAVE =C$ IT T[>DS !SE TWO REVOLUTIONS4 ,WE %\LD NOT =GET ?AT .<9 ! ,FR5* ,REVOLUTION.> ! B\RGEOISIE DEVOT$ F\R YE>S ( ! REVOLUTION>Y P]IOD TO PROCE$ FROM A MOD]ATE MON>*Y TO A B\RGEOIS REPUBLIC2 IT %\LD NOT SURPRISE US ?AT ! PEOPLE ( ,P>IS C\LD NOT OV]LEAP 9 A S+LE DAY ! GULF ?AT SEP>AT$ ! AN>*I/ ,COMMUNE FROM ! RULE ( B&ITS4 ,BUT WE MU/ ALSO REALIZE ?AT ! REVOLUTION1 :I* 9 ,FRANCE & C]TA9LY ALSO 9 ,SPA91 WILL BE COMMUNALI/4 ,IT WILL TAKE UP ! WORK ( ! ,P>IS ,COMMUNE :]E IT WAS HALT$ BY ! ASSASS9ATIONS P]PETRAT$ BY ! M5 ( ,V]SAILLES4 

,! ,COMMUNE SUCCUMB$1 & ! B\RGEOISIE TOOK ITS REV5GE 9 ! WAY WE KN[1 BECAUSE ( ! FE> ! PEOPLE HAD CREAT$ AMONG !IR RUL]S BY %AK+ (F ! YOKE ( GOV]NM5T4 ,EV5TS PROV$ ?AT !RE W]E 9DE$ TWO CLASSES 9 MOD]N SOCIETY3 ON ! ONE H&1 ! MAN :O WORKS1 :O GIVES TO ! [N] MORE ?AN HALF ( :AT HE PRODUCES1 & :O 9 ! MEANTIME ACCEPTS TOO EASILY ! CRIMES ( HIS MA/]S2 ON ! O!R H& ! IDL]1 ! GLUTTON1 ANIMAT$ BY ! 9/9CTS ( ! WILD BEA/1 HAT+ HIS SLAVES & READY TO MASSACRE !M LIKE WILD BEA/S4 

,AFT] HAV+ SURR\ND$ ! PEOPLE ( ,P>IS & CUT (F ALL !IR EXITS1 ! RUL]S RELEAS$ ON !M SOLDI]S BRUTALIZ$ BY B>RACK LIFE & W9E1 & SAID TO !M OP5LY 9 ! ,ASSEMBLY3 0,KILL ! WOLVES1 ! %E-WOLVES1 & ! CUBS60 ,& TO ! PEOPLE !Y SAID3 

,:ATEV] Y\ DO1 Y\ WILL P]I%6 ,IF Y\ >E TAK5 ) >MS 9 Y\R H&S-DEA?6 ,IF Y\ BEG = M]CY-DEA?6 ,TO :ATEV] SIDE Y\ TURN Y\R EYES1 LEFT1 RI<T1 BE=E1 BEH9D1 ABOVE1 BEL[-DEA?6 ,Y\ >E NOT ONLY \TSIDE ! LAW2 Y\ >E \TSIDE HUMANITY4 ,NEI!R AGE NOR SEX WILL BE ABLE TO SAVE Y\1 EI!R Y\ OR Y\RS4 ,Y\ WILL DIE1 BUT BE=E ?AT Y\ WILL SAVOR ! AGONY ( Y\R WIFE1 ( Y\R SI/]1 ( Y\R MO!R1 ( Y\R DAU<T]1 ( Y\R SON1 EV5 D[N TO ! CRADLE6 ,BE=E Y\R EYES !Y WILL DRAG ! W\ND$ FROM ! AMBULANCES TO SLA% !M ) SWORD BAYONETS & BLUDGEON !M ) RIFLE BUTTS4 ,!Y WILL DRAG !M1 /ILL ALIVE1 BY !IR BROK5 LEGS OR BLE$+ >MS1 & ?R[ !M 9TO ! RIV] LIKE BAGS ( ORDURE ?AT SCREAM & SUFF]4 

,DEA?6 ,DEA?6 ,DEA?6 

,& AFT] ?IS FRANTIC ORGY UPON A PILE ( CORPSES1 AFT] ! MASS EXT]M9ATIONS1 A V5GEANCE BO? MEAN & ATROCI\S WAS TO CONT9UE-FLOGG+S1 ?UMBSCREWS1 UN5DURABLE FETT]S1 BL[S ( PRISON GU>DS1 9SULTS1 HUNG]1 ALL ! REF9EM5TS ( CRUELTY4 

,>E ! PEOPLE LIKELY TO =GET !SE GREAT DE$S8 

0,D[N1 BUT NOT \T10 ! ,COMMUNE IS BE+ REBORN TODAY4 ,?IS IS NOT M]ELY A DREAM ( ! CONQU]$ C>ESS+ 9 !IR IMAG9ATION A BEAUTIFUL MIRAGE ( HOPE4 ,NO6 ,! ,COMMUNE TODAY BECOMES ! PRECISE & VISIBLE AIM ( ! REVOLUTION ?AT ALREADY RUMBLES NE> US4 ,! IDEA P5ETRATES ! MASSES1 GIVES !M A FLAG TO M>* BEH9D1 & WE FIRMLY C\NT ON ! PRES5T G5]ATION TO ACCOMPLI% ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION ( ! ,COMMUNE1 & 9 ?IS WAY PUT AN 5D TO ! IGNOBLE EXPLOITATION BY ! B\RGEOISIE1 RID ! PEOPLE ( ! TUTELAGE ( ! NEW ,/ATE1 & 9AUGURATE 9 ! EVOLUTION ( ! HUMAN SPECIES A NEW ]A ( LIB]TY1 EQUALITY & SOLID>ITY4 

#b4 

,T5 YE>S SEP>ATE US ALREADY FROM ! DAY ON :I* ! PEOPLE ( ,P>IS1 OV]?R[+ ! GOV]NM5T ( TRAITORS :I* HAD SEIZ$ P[] ON ! FALL ( ! ,EMPIRE1 CON/ITUT$ ITSELF A ,COMMUNE & PROCLAIM$ ITS ABSOLUTE 9DEP5D5CE4 ,YET IT IS /ILL T[>DS ?AT DATE ( ! #a#h? ( ,M>*1 #ahga ?AT WE TURN \R GLANCE1 & FROM :I* WE RETA9 \R BE/ MEMORIES2 IT IS ! ANNIV]S>Y ( ?AT MEMORABLE DAY :I* ! PROLET>IAT ( ! TWO WORLDS PROPOS$ TO CELEBRATE SOLEMNLY1 & TOMORR[ EV5+1 HUNDR$S ( ?\S&S ( WORK]S' HE>TS WILL BEAT 9 UNISON' FRAT]NIZ+ ACROSS FRONTI]S & OCEANS1 9 ,EUROPE1 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 9 ,S\? ,AM]ICA1 9 MEMORY ( ! REVOLT ( ! ,P>IS PROLET>IAT4 

,?IS IS BECAUSE ! IDEA = :I* ! ,FR5* PROLET>IAT %$ ITS BLOOD 9 ,P>IS1 & = :I* IT SUFF]$ ON ! BEA*ES ( ,NEW ,CAL$ONIA1 IS ONE ( ?OSE IDEAS :I* EMBRACES )9 ITSELF A :OLE REVOLUTION1 A BROAD IDEA :I* CAN GA!R UND] ! FOLDS ( ITS BANN] ALL ! REVOLUTION>Y T5D5CIES ( ! PEOPLE M>*+ T[>DS !IR LIB]ATION4 

,IT IS TRUE ?AT IF WE LIMIT \RSELVES M]ELY TO OBS]V+ ! ACTUAL & PALPABLE DE$S ACCOMPLI%$ BY ! ,P>IS ,COMMUNE1 WE HAVE TO ADMIT ?AT ?IS IDEA WAS NOT VA/ 5\<1 ?AT IT EMBRAC$ ONLY A M9UTE P>T ( ! REVOLUTION>Y PROGRAM4 ,BUT IF1 ON ! O!R H&1 WE OBS]VE ! SPIRIT ?AT 9SPIR$ ! MASSES ( ! PEOPLE AFT] ! ACTION ( ! #a#h? ( ,M>*1 ! T5D5CIES ?AT TRI$ TO EM]GE & DID NOT HAVE ! TIME TO REA* ! DOMA9 ( REALITY BECAUSE1 BE=E FL[]+1 !Y W]E ALREADY /IFL$ UND] ! M\NDS ( CORPSES1 WE WILL !N UND]/& ! SCOPE ( ! MOVEM5T & ! SYMPA?IES ?AT IT 9SPIR$ 9 ! HE>TS ( ! WORK+ MASSES ( ! TWO WORLDS4 ,! ,COMMUNE GLADD5S \R HE>TS1 NOT = :AT IT A*IEV$1 BUT = :AT IT HAS PROMIS$ ONE DAY TO A*IEVE4 

,:5CE COMES ?IS IRRESI/IBLE FASC9ATION :I* DRAWS T[>DS ! MOVEM5T ( #ahga ! SYMPA?IES ( ALL ! OPPRESS$ MASSES8 ,:AT IDEA DOES ! ,P>IS ,COMMUNE REPRES5T8 ,& :Y IS ?AT IDEA SO ATTRACTIVE TO ! PROLET>IANS ( ALL C\NTRIES1 ( ALL NATIONALITIES8 

,! ANSW] IS AN EASY ONE4 ,! REVOLUTION ( #ahga WAS A /RIK+LY POPUL> MOVEM5T4 ,MADE BY ! PEOPLE ITSELF1 BORN SPONTANE\SLY 9 ! HE>T ( ! MASSES1 IT IS )9 ! GREAT MASS ( ! PEOPLE ?AT IT F\ND ITS DEF5D]S1 ITS H]OES1 ITS M>TYRS1 & IT WAS ABOVE ALL BECAUSE ( ?IS 0RABBLE0 *>ACT] ?AT ! B\RGEOISIE NEV] =GAVE IT4 ,AT ! SAME TIME1 ! BASIC IDEA ( ?AT REVOLUTION1 C]TA9LY VAGUE1 P]HAPS EV5 UNCONSCI\S1 BUT NONE!LESS V]Y PRON\NC$ & P5ETRAT+ ALL ITS ACTIONS1 IS ! IDEA ( ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION1 SEEK+ TO E/ABLI% AT LA/1 AFT] SO MANY C5TURIES ( /RUGGLE1 TRUE LIB]TY & TRUE EQUALITY = ALL4 

,IT WAS ! REVOLUTION ( ! 0RABBLE0 M>*+ TO CONQU] ITS RI<TS4 

,IT IS TRUE ?AT PEOPLE HAVE S\<T & /ILL SEEK TO DI/ORT ! TRUE MEAN+ ( ?AT REVOLUTION1 & TO REPRES5T IT AS A SIMPLE ATTEMPT TO CONQU] 9DEP5D5CE = ,P>IS & TURN IT 9TO A PETTY ,/ATE )9 ,FRANCE4 ,YET NO?+ IS LESS TRUE4 ,P>IS DID NOT SEEK TO ISOLATE ITSELF FROM ,FRANCE1 JU/ AS IT DID NOT SEEK TO CONQU] IT BY >MS2 IT MADE NO ATTEMPT TO 5CLOSE ITSELF )9 ITS WALLS LIKE A ,B5$ICT9E )9 HIS CLOI/]2 IT WAS NOT 9SPIR$ BY A N>R[ P>O*IAL \TLOOK4 ,IF IT DEM&$ ITS 9DEP5D5CE1 & S\<T TO PREV5T ! 9TRUSION 9TO ITS AFFAIRS ( ANY K9D ( C5TRAL P[]1 IT WAS BECAUSE IT SAW 9 ?AT 9DEP5D5CE A MEANS ( QUIETLY ELABORAT+ ! BASES ( FUTURE ORGANIZATION & ( DEVELOP+ )9 ITSELF A SOCIAL REVOLUTION ?AT W\LD COMPLETELY TRANS=M ! SY/EM ( PRODUCTION & EX*ANGE BY BAS+ IT ON JU/ICE2 W\LD COMPLETELY MODIFY HUMAN RELATIONS BY E/ABLI%+ !M ON A F\NDATION ( EQUALITY2 & RE=M \R SOCIAL MORALITY BY GIV+ IT AS A BASIS1 ! PR9CIPLES ( EQUITY & SOLID>ITY4 

,?US1 COMMUNAL 9DEP5D5CE WAS ONLY A MEANS = ! PEOPLE ( ,P>IS1 & ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION WAS ITS 5D4 

,?IS 5D W\LD C]TA9LY HAVE BE5 ACCOMPLI%$ IF ! REVOLUTION ON ! #a#h? ( ,M>* HAD BE5 ABLE TO FOLL[ ITS FREE C\RSE1 & IF ! PEOPLE ( ,P>IS HAD NOT BE5 M[$ D[N1 SAB]$1 %OT & DISEMB[EL$ BY ! ASSASS9S ( ,V]SAILLES4 ,TO F9D A SIMPLE IDEA COMPREH5SIBLE TO EV]YONE & EXPRESS+ 9 A FEW WORDS :AT MU/ BE DONE TO ACCOMPLI% ! REVOLUTION WAS1 9 FACT1 ! PREOCCUPATION ( ! PEOPLE ( ,P>IS FROM ! FIR/ DAYS ( !IR 9DEP5D5CE4 ,BUT A GREAT IDEA IS NOT DEVELOP$ 9 A DAY1 NO MATT] H[ RAPID MAY BE ! ELABORATION & PROPAGATION ( IDEAS DUR+ A REVOLUTION>Y P]IOD4 ,IT ALWAYS TAKES A C]TA9 TIME TO DEVELOP1 TO P]MEATE ! MASSES & TO BE TRANSLAT$ 9TO ACTION1 & ?IS TIME WAS LACK+ = ME ,P>IS ,COMMUNE4 

,IT WAS LACK+ ALL ! MORE BECAUSE1 = ! LA/ T5 YE>S1 ! IDEA ( MOD]N SOCIALISM HAS BE5 GO+ ?R\< A TRANSITION P]IOD4 ,! ,COMMUNE WAS BORN1 9DE$1 BETWE5 TWO EPO*S 9 ! DEVELOPM5T ( MOD]N SOCIALISM4 ,9 #ahga ! AU?ORIT>IAN1 GOV]NM5TAL1 & MORE OR LESS RELIGI\S SOCIALISM ( #ahdh NO LONG] RETA9$ ITS 9FLU5CE OV] ! MORE PRACTICAL & LIB]T>IAN M9DS ( \R [N EPO*4 ,:]E WILL Y\ F9D TODAY A ,P>ISIAN :O W\LD AGREE TO %UT HIMSELF UP 9 A PHALAN/]IAN B>RACKS8 ,ON ! O!R H&1 COLLECTIVISM1 :I* WANT$ TO H>NESS TO ! SAME *>IOT BO? ! WAGE SY/EM & COLLECTIVE PROP]TY1 REMA9$ 9COMPREH5SIBLE1 UNATTRACTIVE & BESET ) PRACTICAL DIFFICULTIES ( APPLICATION4 ,& FREE COMMUNISM1 AN>*I/ COMMUNISM1 HAD B>ELY SE5 ! LI<T ( DAY & H>DLY D>$ CONFRONT ! ATTACKS ( ! WOR%IP]S ( GOV]NM5T4 

,9DECISION REIGN$ 9 PEOPLE'S M9DS1 & ! SOCIALI/S !MSELVES DID NOT FEEL AUDACI\S 5\< TO HA/5 TO ! DE/RUCTION ( 9DIVIDUAL PROP]TY1 S9CE !Y DID NOT HAVE A WELL DEF9$ OBJECTIVE 9 VIEW4 ,SO EV]YONE LET !MSELVES BE LULL$ BY ! REASON+ ?AT ! SOMNOL5T HAVE BE5 REPEAT+ = C5TURIES3 0,LET US MAKE SURE ( VICTORY FIR/6 ,!N WE WILL SEE :AT CAN BE DONE40 

,MAKE SURE ( VICTORY FIR/6 ,AS IF !RE WAS ANY WAY ( TRANS=M+ SOCIETY 9TO A FREE COMMUNE )\T LAY+ A H& ON PROP]TY6 ,AS IF !RE C\LD BE ANY REAL WAY ( DEFEAT+ ! 5EMY SO LONG AS ! GREAT MASS ( ! PEOPLE WAS NOT DIRECTLY 9T]E/$ 9 ! TRIUMPH ( ! REVOLUTION1 9 WITNESS+ ! >RIVAL ( MAT]IAL1 MORAL & 9TELLECTUAL WELL-BE+ = ALL6 ,!Y S\<T TO CONSOLIDATE ! ,COMMUNE FIR/ ( ALL :ILE PO/PON+ ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION = LAT] ON1 :ILE ! ONLY EFFECTIVE WAY ( PROCE$+ WAS TO CONSOLIDATE ! ,COMMUNE BY ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION6 

,IT WAS ! SAME ) ! GOV]NM5TAL PR9CIPLE4 ,9 PROCLAIM+ ! FREE ,COMMUNE1 ! PEOPLE ( ,P>IS PROCLAIM$ AN ESS5TIAL AN>*I/ PR9CIPLE2 BUT AS ?IS PR9CIPLE HAD ONLY FEEBLY P5ETRAT$ PEOPLE'S M9DS AT ?IS TIME1 !Y /OPP$ 9 MID-C\RSE1 & 9 ! HE>T ( ! ,COMMUNE ! PEOPLE CONT9U$ TO DECL>E !MSELVES 9 FAVOR ( ! OLD GOV]NM5TAL PR9CIPLE BY GIV+ !MSELVES A ,COMMUNAL ,C\NCIL COPI$ FROM ! OLD MUNICIPAL C\NCILS4 

,IF WE ADMIT1 9 FACT1 ?AT A C5TRAL GOV]NM5T IS ABSOLUTELY USELESS TO REGULATE ! RELATIONS ( ,COMMUNES BETWE5 EA* O!R1 :Y DO WE GRANT ! NECESSITY TO REGULATE ! MUTUAL RELATIONS ( ! GR\PS ?AT CON/ITUTE ! ,COMMUNE8 ,& IF WE CONC$E TO ! FREE 9ITIATIVE ( ! COMMUNES ! TASK ( COM+ TO AN UND]/&+ BETWE5 !MSELVES ON 5T]PRISES ?AT CONC]N SEV]AL CITIES AT ONCE1 H[ CAN WE REFUSE ?IS SAME 9ITIATIVE TO ! GR\PS ( :I* A ,COMMUNE IS COMPOS$8 ,A GOV]NM5T )9 ! ,COMMUNE HAS NO MORE RI<T TO EXI/ ?AN A GOV]NM5T OV] ! ,COMMUNE4 

,BUT 9 #ahga ! PEOPLE ( ,P>IS1 :I* HAD OV]?R[N SO MANY GOV]NM5TS1 WAS ONLY 9VOLV$ 9 ITS FIR/ ATTEMPT AT REVOLT AGA9/ ! GOV]NM5TAL SY/EM ITSELF3 IT SUBMITT$ TO GOV]NM5TAL FETI*ISM & GAVE ITSELF A GOV]NM5T4 ,WE KN[ ! CONSEQU5CE4 ,IT S5T ITS DEVOT$ SONS TO ! ,HOTEL-DE-,VILLE4 ,9DE$1 IMMOBILIZ$ !RE BY FETT]S ( R$ TAPE1 =C$ TO DISCUSS :5 ACTION WAS NE$$1 & LOS+ ! S5SITIVITY ?AT COMES FROM CONT9U$ CONTACT ) ! MASSES1 !Y SAW !MSELVES R$UC$ TO IMPOT5CE4 ,P>ALYZ$ BY !IR DI/ANC+ FROM ! REVOLUTION>Y C5T]-! PEOPLE-!Y !MSELVES P>ALYZ$ ! POPUL> 9ITIATIVE4 

,BR\<T 9TO BE+ DUR+ A TRANSITORY P]IOD :5 ! IDEAS ( SOCIALISM & AU?ORITY W]E SUFF]+ A PR(\ND MODIFICATION22 BORN AT ! 5D ( A W>1 9 AN ISOLAT$ SITUATION & UND] ! ?REAT ( ,PRUSSIAN CANNON1 ! ,P>IS ,COMMUNE WAS DOOM$ TO SUCCUMB4 

,BUT1 ?ANKS TO ITS EM95TLY POPUL> *>ACT]1 IT />T$ (F A NEW ]A 9 ! S]IES ( REVOLUTIONS1 & ?R\< ITS IDEAS WAS ! PRECURSOR ( ! GREAT SOCIAL REVOLUTION4 ,! UNPREC$5T$ MASSACRES1 C[>DLY & F]OCI\S AT ! SAME TIME1 BY :I* ! B\RGEOISIE CELEBRAT$ ITS FALL1 ! IGNOBLE V5GEANCE :I* ! EXECUTION]S HAVE EX]CIS$ = ! PA/ N9E YE>S ON !IR PRISON]S1 !SE CANNIBALI/IC ORGIES HAVE DRIV5 AN ABYSS BETWE5 ! B\RGEOISIE & ! PROLET>IAT ?AT CAN NEV] BE CLOS$4 ,:5 ! NEXT REVOLUTION COMES1 ! PEOPLE WILL KN[ :AT !Y HAVE TO DO2 !Y WILL KN[ :AT AWAITS !M IF !Y DO NOT C>RY (F A DECISIVE VICTORY1 & !Y WILL ACT ACCORD+LY4 

,9 FACT1 WE KN[ N[ ?AT ! DAY :5 ,FRANCE BRI/LES ) 9SURG5T ,COMMUNES ! PEOPLE WILL NO LONG] FEEL ! NE$ TO GIVE !MSELVES A GOV]NM5T & EXPECT REVOLUTION>Y 9ITIATIVES FROM ?AT GOV]NM5T4 ,AFT] HAV+ SWEPT \T ! P>ASITES ?AT FE$ UPON !M1 !Y WILL SEIZE HOLD ( ALL SOCIAL WEAL? TO [N IT TOGE!R ACCORD+ TO ! PR9CIPLES ( AN>*I/ COMMUNISM4 ,& :5 !Y HAVE COMPLETELY ABOLI%$ PROP]TY1 ! GOV]NM5T & ! ,/ATE1 !Y WILL FREELY CON/ITUTE !MSELVES ACCORD+ TO ! NECESSITIES DICTAT$ BY LIFE ITSELF4 ,BREAK+ ITS *A9S1 & OV]?R[+ ITS IDOLS1 HUMANITY WILL !N M>* T[>DS A BETT] FUTURE1 NO LONG] RECOGNIZ+ EI!R MA/]S OR SLAVES1 & HOLD+ 9 V5]ATION ONLY ! NOBLE M>TYRS :O PAID ) !IR BLOOD & SUFF]+S = ?OSE FIR/ ATTEMPTS AT EMANCIPATION ?AT HAVE LI<T5$ US ON \R PA? T[>DS ! CONQUE/ ( LIB]TY4 

#c4 

,! FETES & PUBLIC MEET+S ORGANIZ$ ON ! #a#h? ( ,M>* 9 ALL ! T[NS :]E !RE >E ORGANIZ$ SOCIALI/ GR\PS1 DES]VE \R ATT5TION1 NOT M]ELY AS A DEMON/RATION BY ! >MY ( ! WORK+ CLASS1 BUT EV5 MORE AS AN EXPRESSION ( ! FEEL+S ?AT ANIMATE ! SOCIALI/S ( ! TWO WORLDS4 ,\R NUMB]S CAN BETT] BE C\NT$ 9 ?IS WAY ?AN BY ANY K9D ( BULLET91 = !Y %[ ASPIRATIONS ?AT HAVE DEVELOP$ 9 FULL FRE$OM )\T ! 9FLU5CE ( ELECTORAL TACTICS4 

,9 FACT1 ! WORK]S1 :5 !Y GA!R ON ?IS DAY1 DO NOT LIMIT !MSELVES 9 !IR MEET+S TO PRAIS+ ! H]OISM ( ! ,P>ISIAN PROLET>IAT OR TO DEM&+ V5GEANCE = ! ,MAY MASSACRES4 ,:ILE !Y RE9VIGORATE !MSELVES BY MEMORIES ( ! H]OIC /RUGGLE 9 ,P>IS1 !Y >E ALREADY =G+ AN ALLIANCE ?AT EXT5DS 9TO ! FUTURE4 ,!Y DISCUSS ! LESSONS ?AT MU/ BE DRAWN = ! =?COM+ REVOLUTION FROM ! ,COMMUNE ( #a#h#g#a2 !Y ASK EA* O!R :AT W]E ! MI/AKES ( ! ,COMMUNE1 NOT TO CRITICIZE 9DIVIDUAL M51 BUT TO EMPHASIZE H[ ! PRESUMPTIONS AB\T PROP]TY & AU?ORITY AMONG ! WORK+CLASS ORGANIZATIONS ( ! TIME H9D]$ ! REVOLUTION>Y IDEA FROM OP5+ \T1 DEVELOP+1 & ILLUM9AT+ ! :OLE WORLD ) ITS VIVIFY+ LI<T4 

,! LESSONS ( #ahga HAVE PR(IT$ ! WORK]S ( ! :OLE WORLD SO ?AT1 BREAK+ ) OLD PREJUDICES1 !Y HAVE BE5 ABLE TO /ATE CLE>LY & SIMPLY H[ !Y UND]/& !IR REVOLUTION4 ,FROM N[ ONW>DS IT IS C]TA9 ?AT ! NEXT UPRIS+ ( ! ,COMMUNES WILL NOT BE A SIMPLE COMMUNALI/ MOVEM5T4 ,?OSE :O /ILL ?9K ?AT AN 9DEP5D5T ,COMMUNE MU/ BE ELECT$ TO TRY \T ECONOMIC RE=MS >E LAGG+ BEH9D ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! POPUL> M9D4 ,IT IS BY REVOLUTION>Y SOCIALI/ ACTIONS1 BY ABOLI%+ 9DIVIDUAL PROP]TY1 ?AT ! ,COMMUNES ( ! NEXT REVOLUTION WILL AFFIRM & CON/ITUTE !IR 9DEP5D5CE4 

,! DAY ON :I*1 9 CONSEQU5CE ( ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! REVOLUTION>Y SITUATION1 ! GOV]NM5TS >E SWEPT \T BY ! PEOPLE & DISORGANIZATION IS CREAT$ 9 ! RANKS ( ! B\RGEOISIE :O CAN ONLY SURVIVE ?R\< ! PROTECTION ( ! ,/ATE1 ! 9SURG5T PEOPLE WILL NOT WAIT = ANY OLD GOV]NM5T 9 ITS M>VEL\S WISDOM TO DECREE ECONOMIC RE=MS4 ,!Y WILL ABOLI% 9DIVIDUAL PROP]TY BY !MSELVES TAK+ POSSESSION1 9 ! NAME ( ! :OLE PEOPLE & BY VIOL5T EXPROPRIATION ( ! :OLE ( SOCIAL WEAL? :I* HAD BE5 ACCUMULAT$ BY ! WORK ( PA/ G5]ATIONS4 ,!Y WILL NOT /OP %ORT AT EXPROPRIAT+ ! [N]S ( SOCIAL CAPITAL BY A DECREE ?AT WILL REMA9 A DEAD LETT]2 !Y WILL TAKE POSSESSION & E/ABLI% !IR RI<TS ( USUFRUCT IMM$IATELY4 ,!Y WILL ORGANIZE ! WORK%OPS SO ?AT !Y CONT9UE PRODUCTION4 ,!Y WILL EX*ANGE !IR HOVELS = HEAL?Y HABITATIONS 9 ! H\SES ( ! WELL-TODO2 !Y WILL IMM$IATELY F9D WAYS ( UTILIZ+ ! RI*ES ACCUMULAT$ 9 ! CITIES2 !Y WILL TAKE POSSESSION ( IT AS IF ALL ?IS WEAL? HAD NEV] BE5 /OL5 FROM !M BY ! B\RGEOISIE4 ,ONCE ! 9DU/RIAL B>ON :O SEIZ$ HIS BOOTY FROM ! WORK] HAS BE5 EVICT$1 PRODUCTION WILL CONT9UE1 %AK+ (F ! FETT]S ?AT H9D] IT1 ABOLI%+ ! SPECULATIONS ?AT KILL IT1 GETT+ RID ( ! MUCK ?AT H9D]S ITS DEVELOPM5T1 & *ANG+ IT ACCORD+ TO ! NE$S ( ! MOM5T UND] ! IMPETUS PROVID$ BY FRE$OM ( WORK4 0,NEV] DID PEOPLE WORK 9 ,FRANCE AS 9 #a#g#i#c1 AFT] ! L& WAS TORN \T ( ! H&S ( ! LORDS10 SAID ,MI*ELET47#c#f7 ,NEV] HAVE PEOPLE WORK$ AS !Y WILL WORK ON ! DAY WORK BECOMES FREE1 ! DAY ON :I* EV]Y K9D ( PROGRESS A*IEV$ BY ! WORK] WILL CONTRIBUTE TO ! WELL-BE+ ( ! :OLE ,COMMUNE4 

,ON ! SUBJECT ( SOCIAL WEAL? A DI/9CTION HAS BE5 MADE ?AT HAS DIVID$ ! SOCIALI/ P>TY4 ,! S*OOL ?AT N[ADAYS CALLS ITSELF COLLECTIVI/1 SUB/ITUT+ A K9D ( DOCTR9AIRE COLLECTIVISM = ! COLLECTIVISM ( ! =M] ,9T]NATIONAL 7:I* WAS NO?+ MORE ?AN ANTIAU?ORIT>IAN COMMUNISM71 TRI$ TO E/ABLI% A DI/9CTION BETWE5 ! CAPITAL US$ 9 PRODUCTION & ! WEAL? ?AT SU/A9$ ! NECESSITIES ( LIV+4 ,MA*9ES1 FACTORIES1 MEANS ( TRANSPORT & COMMUNICATION1 & ! L& ITSELF1 W]E DI/+UI%$ AS ONE TYPE1 :ILE H\S+1 MANUFACTUR$ PRODUCTS1 CLO?+1 PROVISIONS W]E DI/+UI%$ AS ANO!R4 ,ONE CLASS %\LD BECOME COLLECTIVE PROP]TY2 ! O!R WAS DE/9$1 ACCORD+ TO ! LE>N$ REPRES5TATIVES ( ?AT S*OOL1 TO REMA9 PRIVATE PROP]TY4 

,!Y HAVE TRI$ TO E/ABLI% ?AT DI/9CTION4 ,BUT ! GOOD S5SE ( ! PEOPLE HAS QUICKLY SE5 ?R\< IT ALL1 UND]/&+ ?AT ! DI/9CTION IS ILLUSORY & IMPOSSIBLE TO E/ABLI%4 ,DEFECTIVE !ORETICALLY1 IT FALLS D[N BE=E ! PRACTICE ( LIFE4 ,! WORK]S HAVE REALIZ$ ?AT ! H\SES !Y 9HABIT1 ! COAL & GAS !Y BURN1 ! FOOD :I* ! HUMAN BODY BURNS TO SU/A9 ITS LIFE1 ! CLO!S ) :I* PEOPLE COV] !MSELVES TO SU/A9 !IR EXI/5CE1 ! BOOKS !Y READ TO 9/RUCT !MSELVES1 NOT TO SPEAK ( ! PLEASURE !Y GA9 FROM LIV+1 >E ALL ( !M 9TEGRAL P>TS ( LIFE1 AS NECESS>Y = ! SUCCESS ( PRODUCTION & ! PROGRESSIVE DEVELOPM5T ( HUMANITY1 AS ! MA*9ES1 MANUFACTUR]S1 RAW MAT]IALS & O!R FACTORS 9 PRODUCTION4 ,!Y HAVE UND]/OOD ?AT TO SU/A9 PROP]TY = ! SAKE ( ITS RI*ES W\LD BE TO MA9TA9 9EQUALITY1 OPPRESSION1 EXPLOITATION1 & TO P>ALYZE 9 ADVANCE ! RESULTS ( P>TIAL EXPROPRIATION4 ,CLAMB]+ OV] ! OB/ACLES PUT 9 !IR WAY BY ! COLLECTIVISM ( ! !ORETICIANS1 !Y PROCE$ DIRECTLY T[>DS ! MORE SIMPLE & MORE PRACTICAL PATT]N ( ANTI-AU?ORIT>IAN COMMUNISM4 

,9 FACT1 9 !IR GA!R+S1 ! REVOLUTION>Y WORK]S HAVE CLE>LY AFFIRM$ !IR RI<T TO ! :OLE ( SOCIAL WEAL? & ! NE$ TO ABOLI% 9DIVIDUAL PROP]TY1 AS MU* TO DEF5D ! VALUES ( CONSUMPTION AS ?OSE ( PRODUCTION4 0,ON ! DAY ( ! REVOLUTION1 LET US SEIZE HOLD ( ALL WEAL?1 ( ALL ! RES\RCES ACCUMULAT$ 9 ! T[NS & CITIES1 & WE WILL HOLD !M 9 COMMON0-SO SAY ! SPOKESM5 ( ! WORK+ MASS1 & ! HE>]S CONFIRM IT BY !IR UNANIM\S ASS5T4 

0,LET EV]YONE TAKE FROM ! HEAP :AT HE NE$S1 & BE SURE ?AT 9 ! /OREH\SES ( \R CITIES !RE WILL BE 5\< PROVISIONS TO FE$ EV]YONE UNTIL FREE PRODUCTION GETS 9TO ITS /RIDE4 ,9 ! %OPS ( \R CITIES !RE >E 5\< G>M5TS TO CLO! EV]YBODY1 ,IY+ !RE UNSOLD 9 ! MID/ ( G5]AL POV]TY4 ,!RE >E EV5 5\< OBJECTS ( LUXURY = EV]YONE TO PICK & *OOSE ACCORD+ TO HIS TA/E40 

,?AT IS H[ ! WORK+ MASS 5VISAGES ! REVOLUTION3 ,! IMM$IATE 9TRODUCTION ( AN>*I/ COMMUNISM & ! FREE ORGANIZATION ( PRODUCTION4 ,!SE >E TWO E/ABLI%$ PO9TS1 & 9 ?IS RESPECT ! ,COMMUNES ( ! REVOLUTION ?AT GR[LS AT \R DOORS WILL NOT REPEAT ! ]RORS ( !IR PR$ECESSORS :O1 BY %$D+ !IR BLOOD SO G5]\SLY1 HAVE CLE>$ ! PA? TO ! FUTURE4 

,! SAME K9D ( AGREEM5T HAS NOT YET BE5 E/ABLI%$-?\< ?AT AGREEM5T IS NOT F> (F-ON ANO!R1 NO LESS IMPORTANT PO9T3 ! QUE/ION ( GOV]NM5T4 

,WE KN[ ?AT ! TWO S*OOLS >E FAC+ EA* O!R1 COMPLETELY DIVID$ ON ?IS QUE/ION4 0,ON ! V]Y DAY ( ! REVOLUTION10 SAYS ONE GR\P1 0WE MU/ CON/ITUTE A GOV]NM5T TO ASSUME P[]4 ,/RONG & RESOLUTE1 ?IS GOV]NM5T WILL MAKE ! REVOLUTION BY DECREE+ ?IS & ?AT & CO]C+ PEOPLE TO OBEY ITS DECREES40 

0,:AT A SAD ILLUSION60 SAY ! O!RS4 0,ANY C5TRAL GOV]NM5T1 SETT+ \T TO RULE A NATION1 WILL 9EVITABLY BE =M$ ( DISP>ATE ELEM5TS1 CONS]VATIVE 9 ITS ESS5CE1 & NO?+ MORE ?AN A H9DRANCE TO ! REVOLUTION4 ,IT WILL M]ELY HOBBLE ! ,COMMUNES :I* >E READY TO M>* =W>D1 )\T BE+ ABLE TO 9SPIRE ! BACKW>D ,COMMUNES ) A REVOLUTION>Y URGE4 ,! SAME WILL HAPP5 9 ! HE>T ( AN 9SURG5T ,COMMUNE4 ,EI!R ! COMMUNAL GOV]NM5T WILL DO NO MORE ?AN SANCTION :AT HAS ALREADY BE5 DONE1 & IT WILL !N BE A USELESS & POT5TIALLY DANG]\S ME*ANISM2 OR IT WILL ATTEMPT TO ACT ) PRUD5CE & REGULATE :AT %\LD BE ELABORAT$ FREELY BY ! PEOPLE !MSELVES IF IT IS TO BE VIABLE2 IT WILL APPLY !ORIES :]E SOCIETY %\LD BE ELABORAT+ NEW =MS ( COMMUNAL LIFE ) ! CREATIVE =CE ?AT RISES UP 9 ! SOCIAL ORGANISM :5 IT BREAKS ITS *A9S & SEES NEW & BROAD HORIZONS OP5+ \T BE=E IT4 ,M5 :O HOLD P[] WILL H9D] ?AT IMPULSE1 )\T PRODUC+ ANY?+ ON !IR [N ( :I* !Y MI<T BE CAPABLE IF !Y REMA9$ 9 ! HE>T ( ! PEOPLE1 WORK+ BESIDE !M 9 ELABORAT+ A NEW ORGANIZATION 9/EAD ( CLOS+ !MSELVES UP 9 (FICES & EXHAU/+ !IR 5]GIES 9 IDLE DEBATE4 ,?AT WILL BE A H9DRANCE & A P]IL2 P[]LESS TO DO GOOD BUT =MIDABLE 9 ITS POSSIBILITIES ( EVIL2 ?US1 IT HAS NO REASON TO EXI/40 

,NO MATT] H[ JU/ & NATURAL ?IS REASON+ MAY BE1 IT /ILL CLA%ES ) SECUL> PREJUDICES1 ACCUMULAT$ & APPROV$ BY ?OSE :O HAVE AN 9T]E/ 9 MA9TA9+ ! RELIGION ( GOV]NM5T ALONGSIDE ! RELIGION ( PROP]TY & GODLY RELIGION4 

,?IS PREJUDICE1 ! LA/ ( ! S]IES3 ,GOD1 ,PROP]TY1 ,GOV]NM5T1 /ILL EXI/S & IT IS A DANG] TO ! =?COM+ REVOLUTION4 ,BUT ONE CAN ALREADY SEE IT CRUMBL+ AWAY4 0,WE WILL SEE TO \R [N AFFAIRS10 ! WORK]S >E SAY+1 0)\T AWAIT+ ! ORD]S ( A GOV]NM5T1 & WE WILL GO OV] ! HEADS ( ?OSE :O SEEK TO IMPOSE !MSELVES 9 ! GUISE ( PRIE/1 PROPRIETOR OR RUL]4 ,& = ?IS REASON WE MU/ HOPE ?AT ! AN>*I/ P>TY WILL CONT9UE TO FI<T VIGOR\SLY AGA9/ ! RELIGION ( GOV]NM5TALISM1 & ?AT IT WILL NOT BE DIV]T$ FROM ITS [N PA? BY LETT+ ITSELF BE DRAGG$ 9TO P[] /RUGGLES2 9 \R VIEW1 WE CAN ALL HOPE ?AT 9 ! FEW YE>S LEFT BE=E ! REVOLUTION1 ! PREJUDICE 9 FAVOR ( GOV]NM5T WILL BE AUFFICI5TLY BROK5 D[N & WILL NO LONG] HAVE ! P[] ( LEAD+ ! WORK+ MASSES 9 ! WRONG DIRECTION4 

,AT ! SAME TIME !RE HAS BE5 ONE REGRETTABLE DEFICI5CY 9 ! REC5T POPUL> GA!R+S4 ,NO?+1 OR ALMO/ NO?+1 HAS BE5 DONE 9 ! C\NTRYSIDE4 ,ACTIVITY HAS BE5 RE/RICT$ TO ! T[NS4 ,! C\NTRY DOES NOT SEEM TO EXI/ = ! URBAN WORK]S4 ,EV5 ! ORATORS :O SPEAK ( ! *>ACT] ( ! COM+ REVOLUTION AVOID M5TION+ ! RURAL >EAS & ! L&4 ,!Y >E FAMILI> NEI!R ) ! PEASANT NOR ) HIS DESIRES1 & SO !Y TAKE NO *ANCES ( SPEAK+ 9 HIS NAME4 ,NE$ ONE DWELL AT L5G? ON ! P]ILS ?AT RESULT FROM ?IS8 ,! EMANCIPATION ( ! PROLET>IAT WILL NOT EV5 BE POSSIBLE :ILE ! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T FAILS TO EMBRACE ! C\NTRYSIDE4 ,! 9SURG5T COMMUNES WILL BE UNABLE TO MA9TA9 !MSELVES = A S+LE DAY1 IF ! 9SURRECTION DOES NOT SPREAD AT ! SAME TIME AMONG ! VILLAGES4 ,:5 TAXES1 MORTGAGES & R5TS >E ABOLI%$1 :5 ! 9/ITUTIONS ?AT PROTECT !M >E SCATT]$ TO ! F\R W9DS1 IT IS C]TA9 ?AT ! VILLAGES WILL UND]/& ! ADVANTAGES ( ?AT REVOLUTION4 ,AT ! SAME TIME IT W\LD BE IMPRUD5T TO C\NT ON ! DIFFUSION ( REVOLUTION>Y IDEAS 9 ! VILLAGES )\T ADVANCE PREP>ATION4 ,WE MU/ FIR/ F9D \T :AT ! PEASANT NE$S1 H[ ! REVOLUTION IS UND]/OOD 9 ! VILLAGES1 & H[ !Y ?9K ( RESOLV+ ! ?ORNY QUE/ION ( L&$ PROP]TY4 ,WE MU/ LET ! PEASANT KN[ 9 ADVANCE :AT ! WORK]S ( ! T[NS-!IR NATURAL ALLIES- >E ?9K+1 & WE MU/ ASSURE !M ?AT !RE IS NO?+ TO FE> 9 ! WAY ( MEASURES ?AT MAY BE H>MFUL TO AGRICULTURE4 ,AS = ! WORK]S 9 ! CITIES1 !Y MU/ ACCU/OM !MSELVES TO RESPECT+ ! PEASANT & M>*+ 9 A COMMON ACCORD ) HIM4 

,BUT = ?AT TO HAPP5 ! WORK] MU/ ACCEPT ! OBLIGATION TO HELP ! PROPAG&A 9 ! VILLAGES4 ,9 EA* T[N !RE MU/ APPE> A SMALL BUT SPECIAL ORGANIZATION1 A BRAN* ( ! ,AGR>IAN ,LEAGUE1 TO C>RY ON PROPAG&A AMONG ! PEASANTS4 ,?IS K9D ( PROPAG&A MU/ BE CONSID]$ A DUTY1 9 ! SAME WAY AS PROPAG&A 9 ! 9DU/RIAL C5T]S4 

,! BEG9N+S WILL BE H>D1 BUT !RE9 LIES ! SUCCESS ( ! REVOLUTION4 ,IT WILL BE VICTORI\S ONLY ON ! DAY :5 ! WORK]S 9 ! FACTORIES & ! CULTIVATORS 9 ! FIELDS M>* H& 9 H& TO ! CONQUE/ ( EQUALITY = ALL1 C>RY+ HAPP9ESS 9TO ! COTTAGE AS WELL AS 9TO ! BUILD+S ( ! GREAT 9DU/RIAL AGGLOM]ATIONS4 

7,S\RCE3 ,FIR/ PUBLI%$ DUR+ ,KROPOTK9'S IMPRISONM5T1 ?IS COLLECTION CONTA9S >TICLES WRITT5 BETWE5 #ahgi & #a#h#h#b4 ,ACTUALLY PUBLI%$ 9 #a#h#h#e47 

,FROM 3 ,AN>*Y ,>*IVES4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #ahhd 3 ,*APT] #aa -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,JANU>Y #b#c1 #bag 3 ,*APT] #aa -- ,ADD$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/