,*APT] #h 
,REVOLUTION>Y ,M9ORITIES 

#ahheahhe 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,PET] ,KROPOTK9 

,TEXT 3 

  

,PHOTO BY ,*RIS ,BECKETT1,C,C ,B,Y-,N,C-,N,D ,LIC5SE 0,ALL ?AT Y\ SAY IS V]Y TRUE10 \R CRITICS (T5 SAY TO US4 0,Y\R IDEAL ( AN>*I/ COMMUNISM IS EXCELL5T1 & ITS REALIZATION W\LD 9 FACT LEAD TO WELL-BE+ & PEACE ON E>?2 BUT SO FEW WANT IT1 & SO FEW UND]/& IT1 & SO FEW HAVE ! DEVOTION ?AT IS NE$$ TO WORK = ITS A*IEVEM5T6 ,Y\ >E ONLY A T9Y M9ORITY1 Y\R FEEBLE GR\PS SCATT]$ H]E & !RE1 LO/ 9 ! MIDDLE ( AN 9DIFF]5T MASS1 & Y\ FACE A T]RIBLE 5EMY1 WELL-ORGANIZ$ & 9 CONTROL ( >MIES1 ( CAPITAL1 ( $UCATION4 ,! /RUGGLE Y\ HAVE UND]TAK5 IS BEYOND Y\R P[]S40 ,?IS IS ! OBJECTION WE HE> CON/ANTLY FROM MANY ( \R CRITICS & (T5 EV5 FROM \R FRI5DS4 ,LET US SEE :AT TRU? !RE IS 9 IT4 

,?AT \R AN>*I/ GR\PS >E ONLY A SMALL M9ORITY 9 COMP>ISON ) ! T5S ( MILLIONS :O POPULATE ,FRANCE1 ,SPA91 ,ITALY & ,G]MANY -NO?+ C\LD BE MORE TRUE4 ,GR\PS :O REPRES5T A NEW IDEA HAVE ALWAYS BEGUN BY BE+ NO MORE ?AN A M9ORITY4 ,BUT IS ?AT REALLY AGA9/ US8 ,JU/ N[1 IT IS ! OPPORTUNI/S :O >E ! MAJORITY3 MU/ WE !N1 BY *ANCE1 BECOME OPPORTUNI/S8 ,UP TO #agi IT WAS ! ROYALI/S1 ! CON/ITUTIONALI/S1 :O =M$ ! MAJORITY 9 ,FRANCE2 %\LD ! REPUBLICANS1 !N1 HAVE R5\NC$ !IR REPUBLICAN IDEAS & JO9$ ! ROYALI/S1 :5 ,FRANCE WAS MAK+ GREAT /RIDES T[>DS ! ABOLITION ( ROYALTY8 

,IT IS NOT IMPORTANT ?AT NUM]ICALLY WE >E A M9ORITY2 ?AT IS NOT ! REAL QUE/ION4 ,:AT IS IMPORTANT IS TO KN[ :E!R ! IDEAS ( AN>*I/ COMMUNISM >E 9 H>MONY ) ! EVOLUTION :I* IS TAK+ PLACE 9 HUMAN CONSCI\SNESS1 ESPECIALLY AMONG PEOPLES ( ! ,LAT9 RACE4 ,BUT ON ?IS SUBJECT IT IS CLE> ?AT REVOLUTION IS NOT TAK+ ! DIRECTION ( AU?ORIT>IANISM2 IT IS TAK+ ! DIRECTION ( ! MO/ COMPLETE FRE$OM ( ! 9DIVIDUAL1 ( ! PRODUC+ & CONSUM+ GR\P1 ( ! COMMUNE1 ( ! COLLECTIVE1 ( FREE F$]ATION4 ,EVOLUTION IS BE+ PRODUC$1 NOT 9 ! DIRECTION ( PROPRIET>Y 9DIVIDUALISM1 BUT 9 ! DIRECTION ( PRODUCTION & CONSUMPTION >RANG$ 9 COMMON4 ,9 ! L>GE CITIES COMMUNISM SC>ES NO ONE1 ( C\RSE1 SO LONG AS IT IS A QUE/ION ( AN>*I/ COMMUNISM4 ,9 ! VILLAGES ! SAME 9CL9ATION PREVAILS1 & AP>T FROM A FEW >EAS ( ,FRANCE :]E SPECIAL CIRCUM/ANCES EXI/1 ! PEASANT IS N[ PROGRESS+ 9 MANY WAYS T[>DS ! COMMON USE ( ! IMPLEM5TS ( WORK4 ,?AT IS :Y1 EA* TIME WE EXPOSE \R IDEAS TO ! GREAT MASSES1 EA* TIME WE SPEAK TO !M ( ! REVOLUTION AS WE UND]/& IT 9 SIMPLE & COMPREH5SIBLE T]MS1 GIV+ PRACTICAL EXAMPLES1 WE >E ALWAYS GREET$ BY !IR APPLAUSE1 9 ! 9DU/RIAL C5T]S AS WELL AS 9 ! VILLAGES4 

,& C\LD IT BE O!RWISE8 ,IF AN>*Y & COMMUNISM HAD BE5 ! PRODUCT ( PHILOSOPHIC SPECULATIONS1 CREAT$ BY SAVANTS 9 ! DIM LI<TS ( !IR /UDIES1 !SE TWO PR9CIPLES W\LD HAVE F\ND NO E*O4 ,!Y >E ! /ATEM5TS ( ?OSE :O UND]/& :AT ! WORK]S & PEASANTS >E SAY+ :5 !Y >E RELEAS$ = A DAY OR SO FROM ! DAILY R\T9E & SET !MSELVES ?9K+ AB\T A BETT] FUTURE4 ,!Y >E /ATEM5TS ( ! SL[ EVOLUTION ?AT HAS OCCURR$ 9 PEOPLE'S M9DS DUR+ ! C\RSE ( ?IS C5TURY4 ,!Y PROJECT ! POPUL> CONCEPTION ( ! TRANS=MATION ?AT MU/ SOON BEG9 TO C>RY JU/ICE1 SOLID>ITY & BRO!RHOOD 9TO \R T[NS & \R C\NTRYSIDE4 ,BORN ( ! PEOPLE1 !SE IDEAS >E ACCLAIM$ BY ! PEOPLE EV]Y TIME !Y >E EXPOS$ TO !M 9 A COMPREH5SIBLE MANN]4 

,!RE 9 FACT LIES ! TRUE P[] ( ! IDEAS ( AN>*ISM & COMMUNISM1 & NOT 9 ! NUMB] ( ACTIVE ADH]5TS1 ORGANIZ$ 9 GR\PS1 :O >E C\RAGE\S 5\< TO 9CUR ! DANG] ( ! /RUGGLE1 ! CONSEQU5CES TO :I* ONE EXPOSES ONESELF 9 FI<T+ = ! POPUL> REVOLUTION4 ,!IR NUMB] GR[S FROM DAY TO DAY & IT CONT9UES TO GR[1 BUT IT WILL ONLY BE ON ! V]Y EVE ( ! UPRIS+ ?AT IT WILL BECOME A MAJORITY 9 PLACE ( ! M9ORITY IT N[ IS4 

,HI/ORY IS !RE TO TELL US ?AT ?OSE :O HAVE BE5 A M9ORITY ON ! EVE ( ! REVOLUTION1 BECOME ! PR$OM9ANT =CE ON ! DAY ( ! REVOLUTION1 IF !Y TRULY EXPRESS POPUL> ASPIRATIONS & IF-! O!R ESS5TIAL CONDITION-! REVOLUTION LA/S LONG 5\< TO ALL[ ! REVOLUTION>Y IDEA TO SPREAD1 TO G]M9ATE & TO BE> ITS FRUIT4 ,= WE MU/ NOT =GET ?AT IT IS NOT BY A REVOLUTION LA/+ A C\PLE ( DAYS ?AT WE %ALL COME TO TRANS=M SOCIETY 9 ! DIRECTION POS$ BY AN>*I/ COMMUNISM4 ,AN UPRIS+ ( %ORT DURATION CAN OV]?R[ A GOV]NM5T TO PUT ANO!R 9 ITS PLACE2 IT CAN REPLACE A ,NAPOLEON BY A ,JULES ,FAVRE7#a#h7 BUT IT *ANGES NO?+ 9 ! BASIC 9/ITUTIONS ( SOCIETY4 

,IT IS A :OLE 9SURRECTION>Y P]IOD ( ?REE1 F\R1 P]HAPS FIVE YE>S ?AT WE MU/ TRAV]SE TO ACCOMPLI% \R REVOLUTION 9 ! PROP]TY SY/EM & 9 SOCIAL ORGANIZATION4 ,IT TOOK FIVE YE>S ( CONT9UAL 9SURRECTION1 FROM #a<h TO #a#g#i#c1 TO BATT] D[N ! FEUDAL L&HOLD+ SY/EM & ! OMNIPOT5CE ( ! CR[N 9 ,FRANCE2 IT W\LD TAKE ?REE OR F\R TO BATT] D[N B\RGEOIS FEUDALISM & ! OMNIPOT5CE ( ME PLUTOCRACY4 

,IT IS ABOVE ALL 9 ?AT P]IOD ( EXCITEM5T1 :5 PEOPLE'S M9DS WORK ) ACCEL]AT$ VITALITY1 :5 EV]YONE1 9 ! SUMPTU\S CITY HOME AS 9 ! D>KE/ CAB91 TAKES AN 9T]E/ 9 COMMUNAL ?+S1 DISCUSSES1 TALKS & SEEKS TO CONV]T O!RS1 ?AT ! AN>*I/ IDEA1 N[ BE+ SPREAD SL[LY BY ! EXI/+ GR\PS1 WILL G]M9ATE1 BE> ITS FRUIT & PLANT ITSELF 9 ! BROAD MASS ( HUMAN M9DS4 ,IT IS !N ?AT ! 9DIFF]5T ONES ( TODAY WILL BECOME P>TISANS ( ! NEW IDEA4 ,SU* HAS ALWAYS BE5 ! PROGRESS ( IDEAS1 & ! GREAT ,FR5* ,REVOLUTION CAN S]VE AS AN EXAMPLE4 

,( C\RSE1 ?AT REVOLUTION NEV] W5T SO DEEPLY AS ! ONE ( :I* WE DREAM4 ,IT DID NO MORE ?AN OV]?R[ ! >I/OCRACY1 TO REPLACE IT BY ! B\RGEOISIE4 ,IT DID NOT T\* ! SY/EM ( 9DIVIDUAL PROP]TY2 ON ! CONTR>Y1 IT /R5G!N$ IT BY 9TRODUC+ B\RGEOIS EXPLOITATION4 ,BUT IT A*IEV$ AN IMM5SE RESULT ( ITS [N ?R\< ! F9AL ABOLITION ( S]FDOM1 & IT ABOLI%$ ?AT S]FDOM BY =CE1 :I* IS F> MORE EFFECTIVE ?AN ! ABOLITION ( ANY?+ BY MEANS ( LAWS4 ,IT OP5$ ! ]A ( REVOLUTIONS1 :I* S9CE !N HAVE FOLL[$ AT %ORT 9T]VALS1 DRAW+ NE>] & NE>] TO ! TRUE SOCIAL REVOLUTION4 ,IT GAVE ! ,FR5* ! REVOLUTION>Y IMPULSE )\T :I* PEOPLES CAN /AGNATE = C5TURIES UND] ! MO/ ABJECT OPPRESSION4 ,IT BEQUEA!D TO ! WORLD A /REAM ( F]TILE IDEAS = ! FUTURE2 IT AWAK5$ ! SPIRIT ( REVOLT2 & IT GAVE A REVOLUTION>Y $UCATION TO ! ,FR5* PEOPLE4 ,IF 9 #ahga ,FRANCE CREAT$ ! ,COMMUNE1 IF TODAY IT WILL+LY ACCEPTS ! IDEA ( AN>*I/ COMMUNISM :ILE O!R NATIONS >E /ILL 9 ! AU?ORIT>IAN OR CN/ITUTIONALI/ PHASE 7:I* ,FRANCE TRAV]S$ BE=E #a#h#d#h1 OR EV5 BE=E #a#g#h#i71 IT IS BECAUSE1 AT ! 5D ( ! EI<TE5? C5TURY1 %E PASS$ ?R\< F\R YE>S ( GREAT REVOLUTION4 

,YET REMEMB] :AT A SAD PICTURE ,FRANCE (F]$ ONLY A FEW YE>S BE=E ?AT REVOLUTION1 & :AT A FEEBLE M9ORITY W]E ?OSE :O DREAM$ ( ! ABOLITION ( ROYALTY & FEUDALISM6 

,! PEASANTS W]E PLUNG$ 9 A POV]TY & AN IGNORANCE ( :I* TODAY IT IS H>D EV5 TO =M AN IDEA4 ,LO/ 9 !IR VILLAGES1 )\T REGUL> COMMUNICATIONS1 NOT KN[+ :AT WAS HAPP5+ FIFTY MILES AWAY1 !SE BE+S YOK$ TO ! PL[ & LIV+ 9 PE/-RIDD5 HOVELS SEEM$ DOOM$ TO ET]NAL S]VITUDE4 ,ANY COMMON ACTION WAS IMPOSSIBLE1 & AT ! LEA/ SIGN ( 9SURRECTION ! SOLDI]S W]E !RE TO CUT D[N ! 9SURG5TS & HANG ! LEAD]S ABOVE ! VILLAGE F\NTA9 ON A GIBBET EI<TE5 FEET HI<4 ,AT MO/ A FEW 9SPIR$ PROPAG&I/S W&]$ ?R\< ! VILLAGES1 FANN+ ! HATR$ AGA9/ ! OPPRESSORS & REAWAK5+ HOPE AMONG A FEW 9DIVIDUALS :O D>$ TO LI/54 ,AT MO/ A PEASANT RISK$ HIMSELF TO ASK = BREAD OR A LITTLE R$UCTION 9 TAXES4 ,WE ONLY HAVE TO READ ?R\< ! VILLAGE RECORDS TO BECOME AW>E ( ?IS4 

,AS = ! B\RGEOISIE1 ITS LEAD+ *>ACT]I/IC WAS C[>DICE4 ,A FEW ISOLAT$ 9DIVIDUALS OCCASIONALLY TOOK ! RISK ( ATTACK+ ! GOV]NM5T & REAWAK5+ ! SPIRIT ( REVOLT BY SOME AUDACI\S ACT4 ,BUT ! GREAT MASS ( ! B\RGEOISIE B[$ D[N %AMEFULLY BE=E ! K+ & HIS C\RT1 BE=E ! NOBLEM5 & EV5 BE=E ! NOBLEMAN'S LACKEY4 ,ONLY READ ! MUNICIPAL RECORDS ( ! P]IOD1 & Y\ WILL BE AW>E ( ! VILE S]VILITY ?AT IMPREGNAT$ ! WORDS ( ! B\RGEOISIE 9 ! YE>S BE=E #a#g#h#i4 ,!IR WORDS OOZE ) ! MO/ IGNOBLE S]VITUDE1 ) ALL DUE DEF]5CE TO ,M4 ,L\IS ,BLANC7#a#i7 & O!R ADULATORS ( ?AT PR]EVOLUTION>Y B\RGEOISIE4 ,A DEEP DESPAIR 9SPIR$ ! FEW REAL REVOLUTION>IES ( ! P]IOD :5 !Y CA/ AN EYE >\ND !M1 & ,CAMILLE ,DESM\L9S WAS JU/IFI$ 9 MAK+ HIS FAM\S REM>K3 0,WE REPUBLICANS W]E H>DLY A DOZ5 9 NUMB] BE=E #a#g#h#i407#b7 

,BUT :AT A TRANS=MATION ?REE OR F\R YE>S LAT]6 ,AS SOON AS ! P[] ( ROYALTY WAS EV5 SLI<TLY ]OD$ BY ! CURR5T ( EV5TS1 ! PEOPLE BEGAN TO REBEL4 ,DUR+ ! :OLE YE> ( #a<h !RE W]E ONLY HALF-HE>T$ RIOTS AMONG ! PEASANTRY4 ,LIKE ! SMALL & HESITANT /RIKES TODAY1 !Y BROKE \T H]E & !RE ACROSS ,FRANCE1 BUT GRADUALLY !Y SPREAD1 BECAME MORE BROAD & BITT]1 MORE DIFFICULT TO SUPPRESS4 

,A YE> E>LI] PEOPLE H>DLY D>$ TO DEM& A R$UCTION ( TAXES 7AS N[ADAYS ONE H>DLY D>ES DEM& AN 9CREASE 9 WAGES74 ,A YE> LAT]1 9 #a#g#h#i1 ! PEASANTS W]E ALREADY GO+ F> AHEAD4 ,A GREAT IDEA ROSE TO ! SURFACE3 ?AT ( %AK+ (F COMPLETELY ! YOKE ( ! NOBLEMAN1 ( ! PRIE/1 ( ! L&[N+ B\RGEOIS4 ,AS SOON AS ! PEASANT SAW ?AT ! GOV]NM5T NO LONG] HAD ! /R5G? TO RESI/ A REBELLION1 HE ROSE L UP AGA9/ HIS 5EMIES4 ,A FEW BRAVE M5 SET FIRE TO ! FIR/ *ATEAUX1 :ILE ! MASS ( PEOPLE1 /ILL FULL ( FE>1 WAIT$ UNTIL ! FLAMES FROM ! CONFLAGRATION ( ! GREAT H\SES ROSE OV] ! HILLS T[>DS ! CL\DS TO ILLUM9ATE ! FATE ( ?OSE TAX F>M]S :O HAD PLACIDLY WITNESS$ ! TORTUR+ ( ! PRECURSORS ( ! PEASANT REVOLT4 ,?IS TIME ! SOLDI]S DID NOT COME TO SUPPRESS ! 9SURRECTIONS1 = !Y W]E O!RWISE OCCUPI$1 & ! REVOLT SPREAD FROM VILLAGE TO VILLAGE1 & OV]NI<T HALF ( ,FRANCE WAS ON FIRE4 

,:ILE ! FUTURE REVOLUTION>IES ( ! MIDDLE CLASS W]E /ILL FALL+ OV] !MSELVES BE=E ! K+1 :ILE ! GREAT P]SONAGES ( ! COM+ REVOLUTION S\<T TO TAKE CONTROL ( ! UPRIS+ ?R\< BRIBES & CONCESSIONS1 VILLAGES & T[NS REBELL$1 LONG BE=E ! GA!R+ ( ! ,/ATES ,G5]AL & ! SPEE*ES ( ,MIRABEAU4 ,HUNDR$S ( RIOTS 7,TA9E KNEW ( AT LEA/ ?REE HUNDR$7 BROKE \T 9 ! VILLAGES1 BE=E ! ,P>ISIANS1 >M$ ) !IR PIKES & A FEW UNRELIABLE CANNON1 /ORM$ ! ,BA/ILLE4 

,FROM ?IS PO9T1 IT BECAME IMPOSSIBLE TO CONTROL ! REVOLUTION4 ,IF IT HAD BROK5 \T ONLY 9 ,P>IS1 IF IT HAD BE5 JU/ A P>LIAM5T>Y REVOLUTION1 IT W\LD HAVE BE5 DR[N$ 9 BLOOD1 & ! HORDES ( ! C\NT]-REVOLUTION W\LD HAVE C>RI$ ! :ITE FLAG FROM VILLAGE TO VILLAGE1 FROM T[N TO T[N1 MASSACR+ ! PEASANTS & ! POOR4 ,BUT =TUNATELY FROM ! BEG9N+ ! REVOLUTION HAD TAK5 ON ANO!R %APE4 ,IT HAD BROK5 \T ALMO/ SIMULTANE\SLY 9 A ?\S& PLACES2 9 EA* VILLAGE1 9 EA* T[N1 9 EA* CITY ( ! 9SURG5T PROV9CES1 ! REVOLUTION>Y M9ORITIES1 /RONG 9 !IR AUDACITY & 9 ! UNSPOK5 SUPPORT !Y RECOGNIZ$ 9 ! ASPIRATIONS ( ! PEOPLE1 M>*$ TO ! CONQUE/ ( ! CA/LES1 ( ! T[N HALLS & F9ALLY ( ! ,BA/ILLE1 T]RORIZ+ ! >I/OCRACY & ! UPP] MIDDLE CLASS1 ABOLI%+ PRIVILEGES4 ,! M9ORITY />T$ ! REVOLUTION & C>RI$ ! PEOPLE ) IT4 

,IT WILL BE JU/ ! SAME ) ! REVOLUTION :OSE APPROA* WE =ESEE4 ,! IDEA ( AN>*I/ COMMUNISM1 TODAY REPRES5T$ BY FEEBLE M9ORITIES' BUT 9CREAS+LY F9D+ POPUL> EXPRESSION1 WILL MAKE ITS WAY AMONG ! MASS ( ! PEOPLE4 ,SPREAD+ EV]Y:]E1 ! AN>*I/ GR\PS 1 H[EV] SLI<T !Y MAY BE1 WILL TAKE /R5G? FROM ! SUPPORT !Y F9D AMONG ! PEOPLE1 & WILL RAISE ! R$ FLAG ( ! REVOLUTION4 ,& ?IS K9D ( REVOLUTION1 BREAK+ \T SIMULTANE\SLY 9 A ?\S& PLACES1 WILL PREV5T ! E/ABLI%M5T ( ANY GOV]NM5T ?AT MI<T H9D] ! UNFOLD+ ( EV5TS1 & ! REVOLUTION WILL BURN ON UNTIL IT HAS ACCOMPLI%$ ITS MISSION3 ! ABOLITION ( 9DIVIDUAL PROP]TY[N+ & ( ! ,/ATE4 

,ON ?AT DAY1 :AT IS N[ ! M9ORITY WILL BECOME ! ,PEOPLE1 ! GREAT MASS1 & ?AT MASS RIS+ UP AGA9/ PROP]TY & ! ,/ATE1 WILL M>* =W>D T[>DS AN>*I/ COMMUNISM4 

7,S\RCE3 ,FIR/ PUBLI%$ DUR+ ,KROPOTK9'S IMPRISONM5T1 ?IS COLLECTION CONTA9S >TICLES WRITT5 BETWE5 #ahgi & #a#h#h#b4 ,ACTUALLY PUBLI%$ 9 #a#h#h#e47 

,FROM 3 ,AN>*Y ,>*IVES4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #ahhd 3 ,*APT] #h -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,JANU>Y #b#c1 #bag 3 ,*APT] #h -- ,ADD$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
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