,*APT] #ac 
,FROM ,CLA/RES TO ,CAIRO TO ,KOBANE3 ,LE>N+ FROM ,/ATES 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,PET] ,GELD]LOOS 

,TEXT 3 

,X,I,I,I4 ,FROM ,CLA/RES TO ,CAIRO TO ,KOBANE3 ,LE>N+ FROM ,/ATES 

,?R\< ! C\RSE ( ?IS BOOK1 WE HAVE LOOK$ AT SEV]AL MODELS ( SECOND>Y & PRIM>Y /ATE =MATION4 ,PRIM>Y /ATE =MATION1 R>E 9 WORLD HI/ORY1 IS A PROCESS BY :I* A SOCIETY ) NO KN[L$GE ( EXI/+ /ATES =MS A /ATE ?R\< AUTO*?ON\S PROCESSES4 ,SECOND>Y /ATE =MATION1 MU* MORE COMMON1 IS :5 A SOCIETY DEVELOPS A /ATE 9FLU5C$ OR AID$ BY AN ALREADY EXI/+ /ATE4 ,WE MI<T REF9E ! LATT] CATEGORY BY DETA*+ FROM IT A ?IRD ONE1 T]TI>Y /ATE =MATION1 :I* REQUIRES DIRECT 9T]V5TION & ADM9I/RATION BY A FULLY =M$ /ATE1 9 ORD] TO RE/ORE /ATE P[] TO PREVI\SLY /ATI/ POPULATIONS 9 :I* /ATE AU?ORITY HAD BE5 WEAK5$ OR DE/ROY$1 OR TO IMPOSE ITS AU?ORITY ON A POPULATION ?AT HAD PREVI\SLY RESI/$ FULL 9TEGRATION UND] A /ATE4 

,T]TI>Y3 

! PROGRESSIVE /ATE 

! COLONY /ATE 

! NEO-COLONIAL /ATE 

! REVOLUTION>Y /ATE 

! SETTL] /ATE 

,SECOND>Y3 

! IMITATIVE /ATE 

! REBEL /ATE 

! RELUCTANT CLI5T /ATE 

! CONQUE/ /ATE 

! PROJECTUAL /ATE 

! TRUE BELIEV]S' /ATE 

,PRIM>Y3 

! ROYAL C\RT /ATE 

! HOLY FA!R /ATE 

! RAID] /ATE 

! SACR$ COMM]CE /ATE 

,!SE MODELS >E NOT 9T5D$ TO BE /RICT TYPOLOGIES NOR ANY K9D ( PSEUDO-OBJECTIVE CLASSIFICATION ( DIFF]5T 0SPECIES0 ( /ATE4 ,MO/ HI/ORICAL 9/ANCES ( POLITOG5ESIS WILL LIKELY 9CLUDE *>ACT]I/ICS FROM MORE ?AN ONE MODEL4 ,TAK5 9DIVIDUALLY1 ! MODELS PROVIDE A SIMPLIFI$ V]SION ?AT ALL[S ! DYNAMICS ( A SPECIFIC CASE ( /ATE =MATION TO BE CONCEPTUALLY APPRECIAT$4 ,TAK5 TOGE!R1 !Y TRACE BROAD PATT]NS ) TWO IMPORTANT !ORETICAL RESULTS4 ,! FIR/ IS TO COMMUNICATE UNMI/AKABLY ?AT /ATE =MATION IS A MULTIL9EAL PROCESS & NOT A TELEOLOGICAL1 PROGRESSIVE EVOLUTION4 ,! SECOND IS TO \TL9E ! BROAD PATT]NS ?AT HAVE *>ACT]IZ$ V]Y DIFF]5T HI/ORIES ( /ATE =MATION ?R\<\T WORLD HI/ORY2 ! RANGE ( !SE PATT]NS COMPLETELY REFUTES CLASSICAL /ATI/ DOCTR9E1 BO? ,HOBBESIAN & ,LOCKEAN V>IANTS1 AS WELL AS ,M>XI/ & PRIMITIVI/ DOCTR9E AB\T /ATE =MATION1 & IT S]I\SLY PROBLEMATIZES 5VIRONM5TAL DET]M9I/ !ORIES ( /ATE =MATION4 ,! EVID5CE PRES5T$ CONFIRMS ! !ORETICAL SUGGE/IONS REG>D+ /ATE =MATION MADE BY AN>*I/ ?9K]S LIKE ,BAKUN9 & ,KROPOTK91 AS WELL AS ! MORE SY/EMATIC !ORETICAL FRAMEWORK (F]$ BY ,CLA/RES4 ,?\< SIGNIFICANT MODIFICATIONS >E NECESS>Y 9 LI<T ( A L>G] BODY ( RESE>*1 !IR FUNDAM5TAL >GUM5TS /&3 ! ,/ATE IS A MOTOR ( ECONOMIC EXPLOITATION1 & AN 9/ITUTIONAL DEVELOPM5T ?AT ALL[S ! 5SLAVEM5T ( SOCIETY4 

,! PURPOSE ( ?IS BOOK1 H[EV]1 IS NOT TO SIMPLY MAKE A !ORETICAL CONTRIBUTION1 A PR(F]+ ( DATA ON ! ALT> ( SCI5CE1 & MOVE ON4 ,MY 9T]E/ 9 /UDY+ ! /ATE FL[S DIRECTLY FROM MY LIV$ EXP]I5CES AS A /ATE SUBJECT1 :I* ,I C\LD POLITELY *>ACT]IZE AS UNFAVORABLE1 UNHEAL?Y1 9VOLUNT>Y1 & ANTAGONI/IC4 ,!SE EXP]I5CES LEAVE ME & MANY O!RS ) AN UNAMBIGU\S DESIRE TO DE/ROY ! ,/ATE1 & ?IS BOOK IS ONE AMONG MANY 9ITIATIVES 9T5D$ TO %>P5 ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ ALL DOM9ATION4 ,9=MATION ALONE ACCOMPLI%ES NO?+4 ,LE>N+ IS ONLY WOR?:ILE IF IT HELPS US TO FI<T1 TO LIVE HEAL?Y1 TO LIVE FREE4 

,PI]RE ,CLA/RES (F]S US ONE /ORY ( A SOCIETY ?AT WAS 9 ! PROCESS ( BUCK+ SOCIAL HI]>*Y :5 ,EUROPEAN COLONIZATION 9T]RUPT$ !IR WAY ( LIFE4 ,AMONG ! ,TUPI-,GU>ANI1 9 ! L&S TODAY OCCUPI$ BY ! /ATES ( ,P>AGUAY & ,BRAZIL1 W]E ! L>GE/ & D5SE/ ( ! /ATELESS ,AMAZONIAN SOCIETIES4 ,MANY VILLAGES 9CLUD$ ?\S&S ( 9HABITANTS1 & !IR *IEFS W]E /EADILY CONC5TRAT+ MORE P[]4 ,)9 ?IS CONTEXT1 A SEEM+LY 5DLESS SUPPLY ( PROPHETS >OSE1 URG+ PEOPLE TO LI/5 TO ! GODS1 W>N+ AGA9/ 0! ,EVIL ( ,ONE10 & ORGANIZ+ P]IODIC MASS PILGRIMAGES TO ! SEA1 :I*1 IF ! PEOPLE HAD SUFFICI5TLY PURG$ !MSELVES ?R\< FA/+ & OBS]VANCE ( RI<TE\S CONDUCTS1 W\LD OP5 UP = !M1 DELIV]+ !M FROM ! ,BAD ,E>?4 ,CLA/RES >GUES ?AT ?IS RELIGI\S MOVEM5T1 :I* BEGAN BE=E ! >RIVAL ( ! ,PORTUGUESE & TRACES ( :I* SURVIVE TO ?IS DAY1 IS A MOVEM5T AGA9/ ! UNIFICATION1 C5TRALIZATION1 & /RATIFICATION ACCOMPANY+ ! GR[? ( POLITICAL P[]1 A MOVEM5T ?AT SEEKS TO AB&ON :AT W]E ! FIR/ \TL9ES ( AN EM]G+ /ATE4 .<#b#a#c.> 

,WE KN[ ?AT ATTEMPTS TO AB&ON /ATES OR EVADE /ATE P[] >E UNIV]SAL2 !Y HAVE PROBABLY AFFECT$ EV]Y /ATE 9 ! HI/ORY ( ! WORLD4 ,BUT WE HAVE FEW] OPPORTUNITIES TO SEE1 OR AT LEA/ TO IMAG9E1 ! MASS AB&ONM5T ( A HI]>*ICAL POLITICAL /RUCTURE ?AT DOES NOT YET HAVE CO]CIVE AU?ORITY1 AS AN EFFECTIVE MEASURE ( /ATE PREV5TION4 ,:AT WE DO HAVE >E NUM]\S >*AEOLOGICAL 0MY/]IES10 /ATES & PROTO-/ATES ?AT COLLAPS$ )\T ANY CLE> 5VIRONM5TAL OR EXT]NAL POLITICAL CAUSE4 ,AS A RULE1 SCI5TI/S REFUSE TO CONSID] ! POSSIBILITY ( POPUL> REBELLION4 ,FROM AN IRONICALLY AN?ROPOLOGICAL P]SPECTIVE1 IT W\LD BE FAIR TO DESCRIBE SCI5TI/S AS AMONG ! MO/ IMPORTANT PRIE/S ( ! /ATE1 :O1 LIKE ! PRIE/S ( NE>LY ALL O!R /ATES1 ALSO ACCOMPLI% OBJECTIVELY USEFUL \TCOMES 9 ! FIELDS ( >*ITECTURE1 A/RONOMY1 MA!MATICS1 M$IC9E1 & SO =?1 BUT ! UNIFY+ PR9CIPLE ( !IR ACTIVITY IS ITS 9TEGRATION )9 A WORLDVIEW & AN 9/ITUTIONAL OP]ATIONALITY ?AT FAVORS /ATE P[]4 ,! EXCEPTIONS TO ?IS RULE >E VALUABLE 9DE$1 JU/ AS H]ETICAL PROPHETS US+ ! SAME *>ISMATIC P]=MANCES & SOME ( ! SAME ME?ODS AS /ATE PRIE/S1 W]E VALUABLE TO NUM]\S ANTI-AU?ORIT>IAN REBELLIONS4 

,IF A MASS AB&ONM5T LIKE ?OSE 9CIT$ BY ! ,GU>ANI PROPHETS W]E TO SUCCE$ 7E4G41 IF !Y HAD SOME:]E TO GO O!R ?AN 9TO ! SEA71 ! RESULTS1 RECORD$ >*AEOLOGICALLY1 W\LD PROBABLY BE ID5TICAL TO ! MY/]I\S COLLAPSE ( SO MANY CIVILIZATIONS3 ! LOSS ( WRIT+1 ! AB&ONM5T ( CITIES1 ! DISP]SAL ( POPULATION4 

,! DIFFICULTIES & CONSEQU5CES ( /ATE =MATION >E NOT RELEGAT$ TO PREHI/ORY4 ,ALL /ATES >E CON/ANTLY TRY+ TO AUGM5T !IR P[]1 ALL /ATES >E CLOS] TO ! BR9K ( COLLAPSE ?AN !Y W\LD LIKE TO LET ON4 ,! LA/ DECADE HAS BE5 EXTREMELY USEFUL = ?OSE 9T]E/$ 9 UND]/&+ /ATES1 ?ANKS TO ! SPREAD ( POPUL> REVOLTS AGA9/ EV]Y MODEL ( /ATE CURR5TLY 9 EXI/5CE4 

,:5 ! ,>AB ,SPR+ CAME TO ,CAIRO1 HUNDR$S ( ?\S&S ( PEOPLE ORGANIZ$ A HORIZONTAL RESI/ANCE 9 ORD] TO OCCUPY ,TAHRIR ,SQU>E1 DEF5D !MSELVES FROM ! POLICE & P>AMILIT>IES1 COMMUNICATE !IR IDEAS WORLDWIDE1 QUICKLY 9NOVATE SOLUTIONS TO PROBLEMS ( FIR/ AID & HEAL?C>E1 DEF5D AGA9/ DANG]S RANG+ FROM TE>-GAS TO SEXUAL ASSAULT1 SIDE/EP ! GOV]NM5T'S 9T]NET BLOCKADES1 OV]COME RELIGI\S & E?NIC DIVISIONS1 & FE$ & O!RWISE SU/A9 !IR MOVEM5T4 ,! CRISIS 9 GOV]NM5T !Y PROVOK$ =C$ ! MILIT>Y DICTATOR%IP TO ALL[ ELECTIONS4 

,:5 A RI<TW+ RELIGI\S P>TY BEGAN CAPITALIZ+ ON ! MOVEM5T1 TRY+ TO TURN A WIDESPREAD OPPOSITION TO AU?ORITY 9TO AN OPPOSITION TO SECUL> AS OPPOS$ TO RELIGI\S AU?ORITY1 ! MILIT>Y LAUN*$ A C\P & TOOK CONTROL ( ! GOV]NM5T AGA94 ,9 ANY CASE1 IT WAS CLE> ?AT ! RI<TW+ P>TY WAS 9 ! PROCESS ( E/ABLI%+ ITS [N DICTATOR%IP1 ALBEIT ?R\< DEMOCRATIC MEANS1 SIMIL> TO ! DEMOCRATIC DICTATOR%IP RUL+ 9 ,TURKEY UND] ! AU?ORIT>IAN ,]DOGAN4 

,! P>TICUL> /ATE MODEL 9 =CE CLE>LY HAS A HUGE IMPACT ON \R DAY-TO-DAY LIFE4 ,! K9DS ( OPPRESSION WE FACE1 & EV5 ! LIKELIHOOD WE HAVE ( GETT+ IMPRISON$ OR KILL$1 WILL DIFF] DEP5D+ ON :E!R \R GOV]NM5T IS A TWO-P>TY POLICE /ATE DEMOCRACY LIKE ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 A MULTI-P>TY POLICE /ATE DEMOCRACY LIKE ,TURKEY1 A SOCIAL WELF>E DEMOCRACY LIKE ,SW$5 OR ,G]MANY1 A MILIT>Y DICTATOR%IP LIKE ,EGYPT1 & SO ON4 ,H[EV]1 WE MU/N'T LOSE SI<T ( ! FACT ?AT ! SIMIL>ITIES BETWE5 !SE =MS ( GOV]NM5T F> \TWEI< ! DIFF]5CES4 ,9 ,EGYPT1 ! TRANSITION BETWE5 DEMOCRACY & DICTATOR%IP OCCURR$ OV]NI<T1 GO+ BO? WAYS4 ,IT WAS NOT A ?\S&-YE> PROCESS ( EVOLUTION BUT A SIMPLE SWIT* 9 ! CONTROL /RATEGY ( ! RUL+ ELITE4 ,! VA/ MAJORITY ( GOV]NM5TAL & ECONOMIC 9/ITUTIONS CONT9U$ UN*ANG$4 ,& 9 ALL ( ! GOV]NM5TS M5TION$ ABOVE1 FROM ! MILIT>Y DICTATOR%IP TO ! SOCIAL WELF>E DEMOCRACY1 PEOPLE >E LOCK$ UP 9 CAGES1 IMMIGRANTS & O!R \TSID]S >E OCCASIONALLY OR R\T9ELY KILL$1 NATURE IS RAVAG$1 PEOPLE >E NOT ALL[$ FREE ACCESS TO ! L&1 & PEOPLE :O DO NOT SUBMIT !MSELVES TO ECONOMIC EXPLOITATION >E SUBJECT TO =MS ( EXCLUSION ?AT RANGE FROM M>G9ALIZATION & BUREAUCRATIC CONTROLS TO />VATION4 

,9 A HI/ORICAL P]SPECTIVE1 A SORT ( AN?ROPOLOGICAL LONG VIEW1 ! PRET5SIONS ( C]TA9 /ATES TO BE DIFF]5T1 TO BE ANY?+ O!R ?AN /RUCTURAL COMPLEXES = ! ACCUMULATION ( P[]1 >E ABSURD4 ,AT ! FUNDAM5TAL LEVEL1 ALL /ATES >E ! SAME4 ,?US1 ! ,>AB ,SPR+ & ! MANY MOVEM5TS IT SPAWN$ OR 9FLU5C$1 FROM ! ,ROJAVA ,REVOLUTION TO ! PLAZA OCCUPATION MOVEM5TS1 BECAME CONTE/ATIONS ( /ATE AU?ORITY4 ,)9 EA* ( !SE MOVEM5TS1 !RE APPE>$ A DYNAMIC T5SION BETWE5 ?OSE CURR5TS ?AT WI%$ TO USE ! MOVEM5T TO R5EW /ATE AU?ORITY 9 A DIFF]5T =M1 & ?OSE :O WI%$ TO ABOLI% SU* AU?ORITY COMPLETELY4 

,! NONVIOL5T1 PRO-DEMOCRACY ,COLOR ,REVOLUTIONS =C$ \T RUL+ P>TIES 9 ,S]BIA1 ,UKRA9E1 ,LEBANON1 & O!R C\NTRIES4 ,BUT POPUL> RES5TM5T SURG$ ANEW )9 A YE> OR TWO ( ! NEW GOV]NM5T TAK+ P[]1 FUEL$ BY ! UNBROK5 CONT9UITY ( EXPLOITATION & DISEMP[]M5T ?AT SP>K$ ! 9ITIAL REBELLIONS4 ,! MESSAGE C\LD NOT BE CLE>] ?AT MORE ELECTIONS OR ANO!R =M ( GOV]NM5T DO NOT ADDRESS \R FUNDAM5TAL P[]LESSNESS & ! MANY 9EQUALITIES ?AT >ISE FROM ?IS4 ,! PROBLEM IS NOT CORRUPTION OR LACK ( DEMOCRACY OR A P>TICUL> POLITICAL P>TY1 BUT ! V]Y FACT WE >E GOV]N$4 

,EV5 9 ! C\NTRIES ( ,NOR? ,AM]ICA & ,WE/]N ,EUROPE :]E CAPITALISM WAS SUCCESSFUL1 ACCORD+ TO ITS [N METRICS1 AT PRODUC+ PROSP]ITY1 MIS]Y REIGN$4 ,WELL BE=E ! F9ANCIAL BUBBLE HAD PEOPLE TALK+ AB\T CRISIS1 ! PROLIF]ATION ( M5TAL HEAL? PROBLEMS1 LONEL9ESS1 & UNHAPP9ESS--OR DISEASES LIKE OBESITY & CANC]--W]E \T ( CONTROL4 ,& 9 EA* ( !SE L&S ( OPPORTUNITY W]E SIZABLE M9ORITIES :O SLEPT ON ! /REETS1 LACK$ ACCESS TO HEAL?C>E1 W]E CONTROLL$ BY ! HUMILIAT+ SOCIAL S]VICE & WELF>E BUREAUCRACIES1 OR W]E LOCK$ UP 9 M5TAL HOSPITALS1 PRISONS1 JUV5ILE C5T]S1 & IMMIGRANT DET5TION FACILITIES4 ,& ANY SOCIAL MOVEM5T ?AT TRI$ TO QUE/ION !SE FAIL+S \TSIDE ( A RE=MI/ FRAMEWORK W]E AGGRESSIVELY M>G9ALIZ$ BY ! M$IA & ! POLICE4 

,! ,OCCUPY & PLAZA OCCUPATION MOVEM5TS ?AT BROKE \T 9 ,SPA91 ,GREECE1 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 & O!R C\NTRIES TURN$ 9TO BATTLEFIELDS BETWE5 ?OSE :O WANT$ TO PRESSURE ! GOV]NM5T = RE=M & ?OSE :O WANT$ TO SPREAD ! PRACTICE ( POPUL> SELF-ORGANIZATION4 ,! LATT] W]E REPRESS$ BY ! ,/ATE1 P>TICUL>LY ) HEAVY ANTI-T]RORISM OP]ATIONS 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES & ,SPA91 :]EAS ! =M] PROV$ TO BE !IR [N WOR/ 5EMY1 RU9+ !IR HOPES = *ANGE EXACTLY AT ! PO9T ?AT !Y GOT :AT !Y WANT$4 ,9 ,GREECE1 A POPULI/1 GRASSROOTS POLITICAL P>TY--,SYRIZA--RODE ! WAVE ( SOCIAL MOVEM5TS 9TO P[] & PROCE$$ TO 9/ITUTE ! MO/ 9SULT+1 DEVA/AT+ AU/]ITY MEASURES 9 HI/ORY1 EV5 AFT] LOS+ A POPUL> REF]5DUM AGA9/ ! MEASURES4 ,9 ,SPA91 ! ,PODEMOS P>TY >OSE FROM ! PLAZA OCCUPATION MOVEM5T & QUICKLY CONV]T$ 9TO ANO!R BUREAUCRATIC POLITICAL P>TY 5GAG$ 9 ALL ! SAME P[] PLAYS & EI!R UNABLE TO OR UN9T]E/$ 9 /OPP+ ! AU/]ITY MEASURES ?AT BANK]S1 TE*NOCRATS1 & C5TRI/ POLITICIANS W]E DEM&+4 ,EV]Y G5]ATION CAN TELL ! SAME /ORIES ( BETRAYAL1 & EV]Y POLITICAL P>TY ?AT AT ONE PO9T CLAIM$ TO BE PROGRESSIVE OR REVOLUTION>Y HIDES ! SAME SORDID HI/ORY4 ,NO P>TY HAS EV] /OOD 9 ! WAY ( CAPITALISM1 YET PEOPLE KEEP ON VOT+4 

,GIV5 /ATE RESPONSIBILITY = COLONIZATION1 NATIONALISM1 & ! SUBJECTION ( M9ORITY E?NICITIES1 9 ! TW5TY-FIR/ C5TURY !RE >E /ILL HUNDR$S ( MOVEM5TS = NATIONAL LIB]ATION & /RUGGLES AGA9/ OCCUPATION4 ,9 ! PREVI\S C5TURY1 MO/ ( !SE MOVEM5TS AIM$ TO CREATE 9DEP5D5T /ATES1 UNCONSCI\SLY EMULAT+ ,WE/]N VALUES 9 ORD] TO DISPROVE RACI/ /]EOTYPES OR CONSCI\SLY SEEK+ P[] 9 ,WE/]N T]MS4 ,H[EV]1 MANY ( !SE MOVEM5TS HAVE S9CE REJECT$ ! GOAL ( /ATE =MATION1 REALIZ+ ?AT /ATES >E 9COMPATIBLE ) FRE$OM4 ,9 ! DUNGEONS ( ! DEMOCRATIC ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 REVOLUTION>IES LOCK$ UP = FI<T+ = BLACK LIB]ATION--LIKE ,RUSSELL 0,M>OON0 ,%OATZ1 ,LOR5ZO ,KOMBOA ,]V91 ,KUWASI ,BALAGOON1 & ,A%ANTI ,AL/ON--DEVELOP$ ANTI-/ATE POSITIONS4 ,MAPU*E COMMUNITIES FI<T+ = ! RECOV]Y ( !IR L&1 USURP$ BY =E/RY & M9+ CORPORATIONS ) ! BACK+ ( ! ,*ILEAN & ,>G5T9IAN GOV]NM5TS1 HAVE BROK5 ) ! LEFTI/ MOVEM5TS WORK+ TO 9/ALL SOCIALI/ GOV]NM5TS--S9CE NOT EV5 ! SOCIALI/S HAVE WANT$ TO PUT A DECISIVE 5D TO COLONIALISM--& N[ REJECT ! ,/ATE AS A ,WE/]N IMPOSITION & AN IRREM$IABLE TOOL = DOM9ATION4 

,ONE ( ! MO/ WELL-KN[N EXAMPLES ( ?IS PATT]N COMES FROM ,KURDI/AN4 ,= DECADES1 ! ,KURDS HAVE BE5 FI<T+ AGA9/ ! OCCUPATION ( !IR L&S BY ,TURKEY1 ,SYRIA1 ,IRAQ1 & ,IRAN4 ,9 ! EI<TIES & N9ETIES1 !Y FOLL[$ ! WELL E/ABLI%$ ,M>XI/-,L59I/ MODEL ( NATIONAL LIB]ATION ?R\< ! CREATION ( AN 9DEP5D5T /ATE4 ,?R\< EXP]I5CE & REFLECTION1 H[EV]1 !Y CAME TO ! CONCLUSION ?AT SOCIALI/ GOV]NM5TS >E 9CAPABLE ( BREAK+ ) CAPITALISM & ALL ! MIS]Y & EXPLOITATION IT PRODUCES1 & ?AT /ATES CAN NEV] BE A TOOL = EMANCIPATION BECAUSE !Y WILL 9EVITABLY C5TRALIZE ! DOM9ANT CULTURE & REPRESS M9ORITY CULTURES4 ,9 ,ROJAVA & ,BAKUR--! P>TS ( ,KURDI/AN OCCUPI$ BY ! GOV]NM5TS ( ,SYRIA & ,TURKEY--! PEOPLE >E CURR5TLY FI<T+ (F ! BRUTAL & G5OCIDAL IMPOSITION ( /ATE AU?ORITY 7PRIM>ILY BY ,TURKEY & ! ,ISLAMIC ,/ATE7 & 5GAG+ 9 A D$ICAT$ EXP]IM5T ) FRE$OM1 BUILD+ CONF$]AL /RUCTURES ( COMMUNIT>IAN ORGANIZATION FROM ! GR\ND UP4 

,!Y >E NOT DO+ ?IS 9 A TYPICALLY AN>*I/ WAY1 BECAUSE !Y HAVE NOT MADE A COMPLETE RUPTURE ) PREEXI/+ GOV]NM5TAL & CAPITALI/ 9/ITUTIONS1 BUT NEI!R >E !Y TRY+ TO *ANGE !SE 9/ITUTIONS FROM )9--AS SO MANY NAIVE RE=MI/S HAVE DONE--SO MU* AS TRY+ TO SUPPLANT !M ) AUTONOM\S ORGANIZATIONS4 ,! ,ROJAVA EXP]IM5T 9VOLVES A CONF$]AL /RUCTURE UNIT$ BY AN ANTI-AU?ORIT>IAN E?OS4 ,ONE ( ! MO/ LIVELY DEBATES ( ! DECADE CONC]NS :E!R !Y CAN EMANCIPATE !MSELVES ) SU* A /RUCTURE4 ,SO MANY REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5TS HAVE CONDEMN$ !MSELVES TO NEW K9DS ( AU?ORIT>IANISM 9 ! PA/1 ?AT SKEPTICISM IS HEAL?Y & 9EVITABLE4 

,A CRITICAL POSITION ASS]TS ?AT ! /RUCTURE BE+ US$ 9 ,KURDI/AN IS PYRAMIDAL1 & WILL !RE=E RESULT 9 ! C5TRALIZATION ( P[] & ! =MATION ( A NEW /ATE4 ,EV5 SOME PROPON5TS ( ! MODEL ADMIT IT TO BE PYRAMIDAL4 ,9 FACT1 EV]Y CONF$]ATION IS A PYRAMID1 UNIT+ LOCAL ORGANIZATIONS 9TO A S+LE 5TITY ?R\< MULTIPLE LEVELS ( COORD9ATION4 ,! ,HAUD5OSAUNEE--! ,LEAGUE ( ! ,SIX ,NATIONS--SUCCESSFULLY RESI/$ /ATE =MATION & PROMOT$ H>MONY & RECIPROCITY US+ SU* A MODEL = C5TURIES4 ,) ! ,SIX ,NATIONS1 H[EV]1 ! PYRAMID WAS 9V]T$1 & MO/ ( ! P[] WAS 9 ! LOCAL GR\PS4 ,!RE W]E ALSO MULTIPLE1 COMPLEM5T>Y =MS ( P[] ?AT PREV5T$ C5TRALIZATION--SU* AS SPIRITUAL P[] & SOCIAL P[]1 OR P[] 9 ! H\SEHOLD & P[] 9 TIMES ( W>--& A DEEPLY ROOT$ AUTONOMY BY :I* DELEGATES C\LD NOT IMPOSE DECISIONS ON O!R COMMUNITY MEMB]S1 & ! L>GE-SCALE COORD9AT+ BODIES 7! 0HI<]0 LEVELS ( ORGANIZATION 9 A ,WE/]N LOGIC7 C\LD NOT IMPOSE DECISIONS ON ! COMMUNITIES4 ,BECAUSE ( ! PR9CIPLE ( VOLUNT>Y ASSOCIATION1 LEAD]S C\LD AT ANY TIME BE AB&ON$ BY !IR FOLL[]S4 

,:AT ALL[S A PYRAMID TO BE 9V]T$ OR UPRI<T8 ,EXP]I5CE & CONT9U$ /RUGGLE WILL GIVE ! CLE>E/ ANSW]S1 BUT \R /UDY CAN SUGGE/ A NUMB] ( FACTORS4 ,IS !RE A /RONG1 ANTI-AU?ORIT>IAN E?OS 9 ! SOCIETY 9 QUE/ION1 OR IS P[] WOR%IP$8 ,>E LEAD]S MI/RU/$ OR ADOR$8 ,IS LEAD]%IP FRAGM5T$ & COMPLEM5T>Y1 DIVID$ AMONG ! FIELDS ( SPIRITUALITY1 COORD9ATION1 SU/5ANCE1 HEAL+1 HI/ORY1 >TI/RY1 W>F>E1 CONFLICT RESOLUTION1 & SO =?--ALL[+ EV]YONE TO EX]CISE SOME K9D ( NON-CO]CIVE LEAD]%IP--OR IS ! PR9CIPLE ( AU?ORITY UNIFI$1 ALL[+ GOV]NM5T BY A S+LE RUL] OR RUL+ BODY8 ,IS ! ECONOMY BAS$ ON LOCAL SELF-SUFFICI5CY & %>$ ACCESS TO ! COMMONS1 OR ON AN 9DU/RIAL ORGANIZATION ?AT REQUIRES MASSIFICATION & L>GE-SCALE COORD9ATION8 ,A HEAL?Y AN>*I/ IDEALISM W\LD SUGGE/ PU%+ = ! =M] AGA9/ ! LATT] 9 EA* ( !SE T5SIONS1 OR AVOID+ CONF$]AL /RUCTURES & DELEGATION ALTOGE!R2 H[EV]1 ! /RUGGLE 9 ,KURDI/AN MAY ?R[ LI<T ON H[ MU* WIGGLE ROOM A SOCIETY HAS TO /RIKE A BALANCE ON !SE DIV]SE ORGANIZATIONAL QUE/IONS )\T CREAT+ A NEW /ATE4 ,& !RE IS ALSO ! /RATEGIC QUE/ION ( :E!R1 GIV5 AN >M$ UPRIS+1 WE CAN SUPPLANT EXI/+ 9/ITUTIONS OR :E!R WE NE$ TO RUPTURE ) !M UNEQUIVOCALLY4 ,L59 ALREADY PROV$ ?AT /ATES DO NOT WI!R AWAY IF WE >E US+ !M AS 9/RUM5TS = *ANGE2 ! ,KURDS MAY %[ :E!R OR NOT C]TA9 /ATE 9/ITUTIONS MAY BE LEFT 9TACT :ILE WE BUILD GRASSROOTS /RUCTURES4 

,LIKE CAPITALI/ EXPLOITATION & ! OPPRESSION ( DOM9AT$ E?NICITIES1 CLIMATE *ANGE IS ANO!R /ATE EFFECT ?AT GOV]NM5TS >E 9CAPABLE ( SOLV+4 ,! PROCESS ( COLONIZATION ?AT EXT5D$ ! PRIVATE PROP]TY REGIME ACROSS ! GLOBE & ALL[$ = 9T]CONT95TAL DE=E/ATION WAS ORGANIZ$ BY /ATES4 ,! 9FRA/RUCTURE ( AUTOMOTIVE TRANSPORTATION1 9DU/RIAL AGRICULTURE1 & ELECTRICITY G5]ATION1 :I* >E RESPONSIBLE = ! MAJORITY ( GRE5H\SE GAS EMISSIONS1 >E BUILT & REGULAT$ BY /ATES 7?\< !Y >E (T5 PRIVATIZ$ ONCE GOV]NM5TS HAVE =C$ PEOPLE TO PAY = !M74 ,! 9DU/RIES RESPONSIBLE = DE/ROY+ ! PLANET DEP5D ON GOV]NM5T REGULATION1 POLICE PROTECTION1 & F9ANC+1 & =M P>T ( AN ECONOMIC COMPLEX ?AT IS 9TEGRALLY CONNECT$ TO GOV]NM5T & ?AT IS BE/ VIEW$ AS P>T ( ! /ATE APP>ATUS1 GIV5 ?AT ALL /ATES HAVE CONDUCT$ !IR BUS9ESS 9 BO? PUBLIC & PRIVATE SPH]ES4 ,?R\< A S]IES ( GLOBAL SUMMITS1 ! ,/ATE HAS ALSO ATTEMPT$ TO PRES5T ITSELF AS \R SAVIOR AGA9/ ! RAVAGES ( CLIMATE *ANGE1 BUT 9 PRACTICE1 IT IS COMPLETELY 9EFFICI5T1 EV5 UNABLE TO MOD]ATE ECOLOGICAL DISA/] :]E IT NEGATIVELY AFFECTS ITS [N 9T]E/S4 ,= DECADES1 GOV]NM5TS HAVE BE5 ORGANIZATIONALLY DEFUNCT1 EV5 UNABLE TO IMPLEM5T !IR [N MEASLY ACCORDS1 :I* BY ! ADMISSIONS ( !IR [N SCI5TI/S >E 9ADEQUATE TO PREV5T ! CRISIS4 ,BY CONT9U+ TO TRU/ /ATES AS ! POT5TIAL SOLV]S ( CLIMATE *ANGE & MASS EXT9CTION RA!R ?AN SPREAD+ 9=MATION & TOOLS DESIGN$ TO 5ABLE GRASSROOTS DIRECT ACTION 7MO/ ( :I* W\LD BE ILLEGAL71 CLIMATE SCI5TI/S >E COMPLICIT ) CATA/ROPHE4 

,WE NE$ TO /OP ?9K+ ( ! ,/ATE AS A POT5TIAL VEHICLE = EMANCIPATION4 ,IT HAS NEV] BE5 ANY?+ O!R ?AN A TOOL = ! ACCUMULATION ( P[]1 & ACCUMULAT+ P[] IS H>MFUL = 9DIVIDUALS1 = COMMUNITIES1 & = ! 5TIRE PLANET4 ,A CRITICAL APPRECIATION ( ! EFFECTS ( /ATE-=M+ CURR5TS )9 SOCIAL MOVEM5TS TODAY1 AN UNFL9*+ LOOK AT ! RECORDS ( ! MO/ P[]FUL /ATES N[ & 9 ! PA/1 AN ANALYSIS ( ! ABILITY ( /ATES TO RESPOND TO CRITICAL PROBLEMS LIKE 5VIRONM5TAL DE/RUCTION1 G5OCIDE1 ALI5ATION1 & EXPLOITATION1 & AN UND]/&+ ( ! HI/ORY ( ! ,/ATE1 MAKE IT IMPOSSIBLE TO TRU/ ANY CLAIM ?AT 9 ! LONG-RUN ! ,/ATE CAN WORK = ! COMMON GOOD4 ,& S9CE /ATES WILL USE ANY CONFLICT OR OPPORTUNITY TO 5HANCE !IR P[]S1 RELY+ ON ! ,/ATE = %ORT-T]M B5EFITS 5SURES ! PROLIF]ATION ( ! PROBLEMS WE SEEK TO OV]COME4 ,EXAMPLES ( ?IS PITFALL AB\ND1 SU* AS ! WAY ! RE=MI/ SECTOR ( ! WORK]S' MOVEM5T A*IEV$ ! WELF>E /ATES ?AT BUREAUCRATIZ$ & DISMANTL$ ! MOVEM5T1 BLUNT+ !IR MOM5TUM ) H&-\TS ?AT BROKE ! SELF-ORGANIZATION & T5ACITY ( ! WORK]S1 & 5ABL$ ! EV5TUAL IMPOSITION ( AU/]ITY MEASURES ?AT AN ALI5AT$ POPULATION ) A MIDDLE-CLASS IDEOLOGY WAS UNABLE TO RESI/4 ,SEEK+ RE=M )9 ! ,/ATE IS LIKE TAK+ \T LOANS TO KEEP ! CR$ITOR AT BAY4 ,! ,/ATE IS 9COMPATIBLE ) \R FRE$OM & WELL-BE+4 

,CONT9U+ TO COV] UP ! L9ES ( ANTAGONISM ?AT RUN BETWE5 US & ! 9/ITUTIONS ( AU?ORITY CAN ONLY P]PETUATE ! PROBLEM4 ,!RE IS NO SOCIAL CONTRACT & !RE NEV] HAS BE54 ,\R SUBMISSION TO /ATE AU?ORITY IS :OLLY 9VOLUNT>Y BECAUSE IT IS ! ONLY *OICE WE >E GIV54 ,! /ATES ?AT RULE TODAY >E ! SAME ONES ?AT 5SLAV$ \R ANCE/ORS AT SWORD- OR GUNPO9T4 ,! =M ?AT SLAV]Y HAS TAK5 & ! ME*ANISM = A*IEV+ IT HAS *ANG$ DRA/ICALLY1 BUT IT IS NO LESS EFFECTIVE4 ,9 MANY WAYS WE >E WORSE (F TODAY BECAUSE LIB]AT$ ZONES FREE ( /ATE AU?ORITY >E EV] MORE REMOV$ OR EV] MORE FLEET+4 

,P]HAPS ! LA/ TIME ?AT A :OLE SOCIETY 9 ! ,WE/ ATTEMPT$ TO ORGANIZE ITSELF 9 A HORIZONTAL1 SOLID>I/IC FA%ION FREE ( ,/ATE AU?ORITY1 ! MAJOR 9/ITUTIONS--MILIT>Y1 ,*UR*1 L&[N]S1 BUS9ESS [N]S ASSOCIATIONS1 & REPRES5TATIVE GOV]NM5T--DR[N$ !IR ASPIRATIONS 9 BLOOD 9 AN 9T5SIFY+ S]IES ( CRACKD[NS ?AT CULM9AT$ 9 ! ,SPANI% ,CIVIL ,W> & SUBSEQU5T FASCI/ DICTATOR%IP1 KILL+ HALF A MILLION PEOPLE :ILE ! NEI<BOR+ GOV]NM5TS WAT*$ 9 SIL5CE OR L5T !IR SUPPORT4 ,& EV]Y DECADE 9 ! LA/ C5TURY1 IF NOT EV]Y YE>1 AN 9DIG5\S PEOPLE HAVE ATTEMPT$ TO REASS]T !IR SOV]EIGNTY1 TO CA/ (F ! ,/ATE & LIVE ACCORD+ TO !IR TRADITIONAL =MS1 ONLY TO BE EVICT$1 IMPRISON$1 OR MURD]$1 ADD+ YET ANO!R EPISODE TO ! L>GELY UNWRITT5 *RONICLE ( G5OCIDE & COLONIALISM ?AT HAS ACCOMPANI$ ! ,/ATE S9CE ITS 9CEPTION4 ,! MO/ REC5T PEOPLES TO BE T>GET$ 9CLUDE ! ,KANOC1 ,YANOMAMI1 ,A*E1 ,K>51 ,MAYA1 ,*AKMA1 ,MBUTI1 & ,/&+ ,ROCK ,SI\X2 & ! LOCATIONS ( ! ATROCITIES RANGE FROM ,P9E ,RIDGE1 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 TO ,WE/ ,PAPUA4 

,OP5 DEBATE IS ALWAYS NECESS>Y = ! DEVELOPM5T ( \R IDEAS & PRACTICES1 BUT 9 ! PRES5T CONTEXT1 ANYONE :O CLAIMS ?AT /ATES >E NOT ANTI!TICAL TO \R FRE$OM CANNOT BE TAK5 S]I\SLY4 ,IF IT REALLY W]E A QUE/ION ( FREE DEBATE1 ( ! EX*ANGE ( IDEAS1 ( :AT WAS BE/ OR :AT WAS NECESS>Y1 :Y HAVE !Y MASSACR$ US EV]Y TIME WE HAVE PUT /ATELESS =MS ( SOCIAL ORGANIZATION 9TO PRACTICE8 ,?IS IS ONE ATROCITY ?AT ALL =MS ( GOV]NM5T >E GUILTY (1 :E!R DEMOCRATIC1 FASCI/1 OR SOCIALI/4 ,GIV5 ?AT ! DEBATE IS 9 FACT NOT FREE1 ! APOLOGI/S ( /ATE MY?OLOGY 9 EFFECT BECOME HACKS :O >E SIMPLY PREA*+ ! (FICIAL TRU?S !Y >E PAID TO PROCLAIM1 OR WORSE1 NAIVE PUPPETS :O REPEAT = FREE :AT !Y HAVE HE>D FROM ! PR(ESSIONALS4 

,HONE/LY EXPRESS+ ! NATURE ( \R RELATION%IP ) ! ,/ATE IS ! FIR/ /EP TO SOLV+ ! ILLS ?AT ?IS RELATION%IP REPRODUCES4 ,NEW ELECTIONS OR NEW GOV]NM5T PROGRAMS CANNOT EV5 BEG9 TO ADDRESS \R LACK ( FRE$OM4 ,/ATES MU/ BE MADE TO ANSW] = !IR USURPATION ( \R RI<T TO ORGANIZE \R [N LIVES1 AS WELL AS = !IR UNBROK5 HI/ORY ( G5OCIDE1 5SLAVEM5T1 TYRANNY1 EXPLOITATION1 SPY+1 9DOCTR9ATION1 ABUSE1 ALI5ATION1 W>F>E1 & ! DESPOLIATION ( NATURE4 

,=TUNATELY1 WE CAN LE>N A GREAT DEAL FROM ! ,/ATE'S HI/ORIC EVOLUTION4 ,5T]+ 9TO DIALOGUE ) ! ,/ATE IS ALWAYS AN ]ROR4 ,SOCIETIES ?AT S\<T PEACEFUL1 NEI<BORLY RELATIONS ) AN 5CROA*+ /ATE CAN BE COMM5D$ = !IR B5EVOL5CE BUT ! LESSON HAS BY N[ BECOME CLE>3 !RE CAN BE NO PEACEFUL COEXI/5CE ) ! ,/ATE4 ,?OSE :O WI% TO PROTECT OR RECOV] !IR FRE$OM CAN DISP>AGE /ATE REPRES5TATIVES1 9SULT !M1 MOCK !M1 IGNORE !M1 OR SIL5CE !M1 BUT CONV]S+ ) !M IS TO MI/AKE !M = REASONABLE HUMAN BE+S RA!R ?AN ! ORGANIC MASKS ?AT AN 9SATIABLE MA*9E WE>S 9 ORD] TO EXT5D ITS P[]4 

,WE CAN ALSO LE>N ?AT /ATES REQUIRE OB$I5CE4 ,DISOB$I5CE TO ! ,/ATE IS !RE=E AN IMPORTANT PRACTICE AMONG ?OSE :O VALUE FRE$OM4 ,! POPUL> H]OES ?AT MI<T EXEMPLIFY AN ANTI-AU?ORIT>IAN E?OS >E ! B&ITS1 ! FUGITIVES1 ! PRISON]S1 ! REBELS1 & ! RIOT]S1 ESPECIALLY ! ,ROB9 ,HOODS & ,H>RIET ,TUBMANS :O SUBV]T E/ABLI%$ HI]>*IES RA!R ?AN ! MAFIOSOS & ,NA?ANIEL ,BACONS :O EMULATE !M4 ,PRACTICES ?AT FO/] DISOB$I5CE 9CLUDE REFUSAL TO PAY TAXES1 TO P>TICIPATE 9 ELECTIONS1 TO COLLABORATE ) POLICE 9VE/IGATIONS1 OR TO P]=M MILIT>Y S]VICE2 A FUR!R /EP W\LD BE WILLFULLY BREAK+ EV]Y LAW ?AT ONE CAN GET AWAY )1 PROVID$ ! DEL9QU5CY HURTS RUL]S & [N]S & OB/RUCTS ! 9FRA/RUCTURES ( CONTROL & ECONOMIC ACCUMULATION )\T HURT+ COMMON PEOPLE4 

,9 ORD] TO RULE1 /ATES MU/ ALSO ORGANIZE SOCIETY TO FAVOR LEGIBILITY--OBS]VATION1 ORGANIZATION1 & CONTROL FROM ABOVE4 ,N[ADAYS1 REJECT+ LEGIBILITY L>GELY MEANS REJECT+ OR AB/A9+ FROM ! PRIVATE COMMUNICATIONS TE*NOLOGIES ?AT /ATES 9CREAS+LY USE TO MONITOR !IR SUBJECTS2 RECOV]+ ! PRACTICES ( FACE-TO-FACE COMMUNICATION RA!R ?AN M$IAT+ ALL \R RELATION%IPS ?R\< ,FACEBOOK1 ,GOOGLE1 ,TWITT]1 & CELL PHONES2 US+ CA% 9/EAD ( CR$IT C>DS & EV5 BETT]1 DEVELOP+ BLACK M>KET OR CURR5CY-FREE ECONOMIES4 

,A /UDY ( HI/ORY %[S ?AT /ATE AU?ORITY HAS A RELIGI\S ASPECT3 ! ADORATION ( LEAD]S & ! WOR%IP ( P[] ITSELF4 ,PEOPLE 9 REBELLION MU/ CULTIVATE ! CONTR>Y1 VIEW+ NOT ONLY POLITICIANS BUT ALL P[]-HOLD]S & ! PR(ESSIONALS ( P>A/ATE 9/ITUTIONS 7! M$IA1 ! UNIV]SITIES7 AS TORTUR]S1 MURD]]S1 EXPLOIT]S1 LI>S1 P>ASITES1 BULLIES1 SNIT*ES1 M]C5>IES1 OR AT BE/1 DESP]ATE & UNE?ICAL OPPORTUNI/S4 

,WE NE$ TO LE>N H[ TO TRU/ AGA9 9 \R [N HI/ORIES & \R [N CAPACITIES = PROBLEM SOLV+4 ,AN ANTI-AU?ORIT>IAN HI/ORY >ISES FROM AN AFF9ITY ) ! EGALIT>IAN 0,D>K ,AGES0 & NOT ! ,GOLD5 ,AGES ( OPUL5CE ABOVE & MIS]Y BEL[2 ) ! B>B>IANS & SAVAGES & NOT ) ! CIVILIZATIONS & EMPIRES4 ,IT >ISES FROM A SYMPA?Y ) ! \TLAWS & ! SLAVES RA!R ?AN ) ! RUL]S & ! G5]ALS2 ) ! ,9DIANS & NOT ) ! C[BOYS1 ) ! WIT*ES & ! H]ETICS1 & NOT ) ! ,9QUISITORS OR ! RE=M]S4 ,EV]Y HI/ORICAL GAZE POSITS A C5T]2 IF WE TRULY VALUE FRE$OM OV] HUBRIS1 \RS MU/ BE ROOT$ AMONG ! UND]CLASSES :O HAVE BORN ! WEI<T ( GR&EUR1 & AMONG ! M>G9ALIZ$ :O HAVE EV] FL$ ! ,/ATE'S EXP&+ BORD]S4 

,PROGRESSIVE HI/ORIANS WILL ADMIT ! ATROCITIES ! ,/ATE HAS 9FLICT$1 BUT IGNORE ! POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS4 ,! PROGRESSIVE HI/ORIAN BEMOANS ! G5OCIDE ( 9DIG5\S SOCIETIES1 :ILE PRET5D+ SU* SOCIETIES HAVE ALREADY DISAPPE>$1 & :ILE ]ECT+ ESS5TIALI/1 IMPASSABLE B>RI]S BETWE5 ?OSE :O W]E COLONIZ$ BY /ATE AU?ORITY BE=E #adib & ?OSE :O W]E COLONIZ$ AFT]4 ,YET :E!R A SOCIETY SUCCUMB$ TO ! ,BABYLONIANS1 TO ! ,ROMANS1 TO ! CONQUI/ADORS1 OR TO ! ,U,S ,>MY1 COLONIALISM IS ! %>$ 9H]ITANCE ( EV]Y HUMAN BE+ ON ?IS PLANET4 

,/ATE PRET5SIONS TO ABSOLUTE P[] )9 A T]RITORY1 WE %\LD REMEMB]1 >E FICTIVE2 !Y >E ONLY TRUE TO ! EXT5T ?AT 9HABITANTS ( ?AT T]RITORY BELIEVE 9 !M4 ,& EV5 N[1 EV]Y:]E 9 ! WORLD1 !RE >E PEOPLE :O LIVE 9 CONFLICT ) & SOMETIMES 9 OP5 NEGATION ( /ATE AU?ORITY4 ,WE HAVE NOT DISAPPE>$4 ,WE >E /ILL FI<T+4 

,A RE=MI/ HI/ORIOGRAPHY ?AT ACKN[L$GES ! UND5IABLE TRU? ( /ATE ATROCITIES MU/ PREV5T RADICAL 7:I* IS TO SAY1 REALI/IC7 SOLUTIONS BY 9/ILL+ VICTIMIZATION4 ,& :ILE IT IS TRUE ?AT /ATES HAVE DONE HORRIBLE ?+S TO US & CONT9UE TO DO HORRIBLE ?+S1 PROPORTIONAL TO H[ REBELLI\S OR H[ M>G9ALIZ$ WE >E1 IT IS EQUALLY TRUE ?AT WE HAVE ALWAYS F\<T BACK4 ,WE >E NOT VICTIMS2 MANY A TIME ! P[]FUL HAVE BE5 AFRAID ( US1 & ) GOOD REASON4 ,WRIT+ ( AN ANTI-AU?ORIT>IAN SOCIETY 9 ,S\!A/ ,ASIA1 ,JAMES ,C4 ,SCOTT EMPHASIZES 0ONE 'TRADITION' TO :I* MO/ ,LISU PR\DLY PO9T3 NAMELY1 ! TRADITION ( MURD]+ HEADM5 :O BECOME TOO AUTOCRATIC40 .<#b#a#d.> ,! AN>*I/S ( ,EUROPE & ! ,AM]ICAS1 ?R\< A PRACTICE ( REV5GE = ! MASSACRES ( ?\S&S ( COMMON PEOPLE DEM&+ FRE$OM1 DIGNITY1 OR M]E SURVIVAL1 LAID L[ DOZ5S ( MON>*S1 G5]ALS1 PRESID5TS1 & GOV]NORS4 ,& PEOPLES LIKE ! ,LAKOTA1 ! ,*EY5NE1 & ! ,MAPU*E HAVE PUT MORE ?AN A FEW G5OCIDAL BUT*]S 9TO E>LY GRAVES1 5D+ ! ATROCITIES ( ,CU/]1 ,ONEZ DE ,LOYOLA1 & O!RS4 ,NO MATT] :AT CONT95T WE >E FROM1 ?OSE :O *OOSE TO ALIGN \RSELVES ) AN ANTI-AU?ORIT>IAN HI/ORY CAN BE PR\D3 WE >E ! ONES :O HAVE KILL$ K+S4 

,! REASON :Y /ATES SO VIOL5TLY 9T]RUPT US EV]Y TIME WE TRY TO ORGANIZE SOCIETY ON ! BASIS ( MUTUAL AID & SOLID>ITY1 OR TO RECOV] PRE-COLONIAL TRADITIONS ( RECIPROCITY & RESPECT = ! E>?1 IS BECAUSE !SE HORIZONTAL1 DEC5TRALIZ$ ME?ODS WORK4 ,MANY A HEAL?Y1 EGALIT>IAN SOCIETY /RUCTUR$ ITSELF 9 SU* A WAY 9 ! PA/1 & ! DEGRAD$ COMMUNITIES ( TODAY CAN *OOSE TO DO SO AGA91 ADAPT+ TO *ANG+ CIRCUM/ANCES & TO MOD]N NE$S1 BECAUSE SELF-ORGANIZATION IS AN 9NATE HUMAN ABILITY4 ,9 FACT1 ONLY BY SEIZ+ P[] OV] \R [N LIVES--TAK+ RESPONSIBILITY = \RSELVES1 5GAG+ ) \R COMMUNITY1 & REFUS+ TO RULE OR BE RUL$--CAN WE 9TELLIG5TLY & FAIRLY SOLVE ! PROBLEMS ( POV]TY1 ALI5ATION1 W>F>E1 & ! DE/RUCTION ( ! PLANET4 

,MANY ANTI-AU?ORIT>IAN SOCIETIES 9 ! PA/ W]E LIMIT$ 9 !IR RESI/ANCE BY A HEAL?Y1 LIB]T>IAN REJECTION ( P]PETUAL W>F>E4 ,= EXAMPLE1 ,G]ONIMO1 AN IMPORTANT W> LEAD] ( ! ,APA*E1 (T5 W5T 9TO COMBAT ) JU/ A H&FUL ( SUPPORT]S1 BECAUSE MO/ ( HIS COMPATRIOTS REFUS$ TO P>TICIPATE 9 ONE W> AFT] ANO!R4 ,!Y PREF]R$ TO SEEK PEACEFUL SOLUTIONS ) !IR 5CROA*+ NEI<BORS4 ,9 H9DSI<T1 WE CAN APPRECIATE ?AT PEACEFUL COEXI/5CE ) A /ATE IS IMPOSSIBLE1 EV5 IF WE ALSO ADMIRE ! ANTI-/ATE PRACTICES ( ! ,APA*E4 ,AVOID+ ! LOGIC ( MILIT>IZATION IS KEY TO PREV5T+ AU?ORIT>IANISM OR POLITOG5ESIS 9 \R PRES5T-DAY /RUGGLES4 ,BUT WE W\LD DO \RSELVES A FAVOR BY RECOGNIZ+ ?AT ! V]Y EXI/5CE ( ! ,/ATE CON/ITUTES AN UN5D+ W> AGA9/ ! PLANET & ALL ITS 9HABITANTS4 

,! NECESSITY TO REJECT ! ,/ATE TRANSC5DS IDEOLOGY4 ,! QUE/IONS ( H[ WE >E TO FREE \RSELVES & :AT WE WILL DO ) \R FRE$OM REMA9 OP51 & !RE EXI/ HUNDR$S ( CULTURAL & HI/ORICAL TRADITIONS ?AT SUGGE/ POSSIBLE ANSW]S1 AS WELL AS AN 9F9ITY ( UTOPIAN POSSIBILITIES ?AT REMA9 TO BE EXPLOR$4 

,WE HAVE ! *ANCE1 H[EV]1 TO SECURE ONE PO9T ( COMMON GR\ND ?AT MI<T ALL[ A ?\S& DIFF]5T WORLDS TO FL\RI% SIDE BY SIDE4 ,JU/ AS WE REFUSE TO BE RUL$1 WE REFUSE TO RULE OV] ANYONE ELSE4 ,! ,/ATE IS AN IDEA ?AT HAS BE5 GIV5 ONE *ANCE AFT] ANO!R = ?\S&S ( YE>S1 & ! RESULT HAS ALWAYS BE5 DISA/R\S4 ,LET US RAISE \R VOICES AGA9/ IGNORANCE & COMPLICITY UNTIL ! REFUSAL ( DOM9ATION BECOMES ! COMMON S5TIM5T ( ALL HUMANK9D3 NEV] AGA96 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,JANU>Y #b#a1 #bba 3 ,*APT] #ac -- ,ADD$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/