,*APT] #ba 
,GRAD$ ,READ+ 

#ahfbahfb 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,LEO ,TOL/OY 

,TRANSLATOR 3 ,NA?AN ,HASKELL ,DOLE 

,TEXT 3 

,AL?\<1 AS WE HAVE SAID1 ME*ANICAL READ+ &  
GRAD$ READ+ 9 REALITY BL5D 9 ONE1 = US !SE TWO  
ME?ODS >E ALWAYS DI/+UI%ABLE BY !IR PURPOSES3  
IT SEEMS TO US ?AT ! PURPOSE ( ! =M] IS ! >T  
( FLU5TLY =M+ WORDS \T ( C]TA9 SIGNS2 !  
OBJECT ( ! LATT] IS ! KN[L$GE ( ! LIT]>Y  
LANGUAGE4 ,A ME?OD ( LE>N+ ! LIT]>Y LANGUAGE  
NATURALLY PRES5T$ ITSELF TO US1 SEEM+LY V]Y SIMPLE1  
BUT 9 REALITY MO/ DIFFICULT4 ,IT SEEM$ TO US ?AT AFT]  
! READ+ ( PHRASES WRITT5 ON !IR SLATES BY !  
S*OL>S !MSELVES1 IT WAS ! PROP] ?+ TO GIVE  
!M ! /ORIES ( ,KHUDYAK( & ,AFANASIEF1 !N  
SOME?+ MORE DIFFICULT & 9 A MORE COMPLICAT$  
/YLE1 !N SOME?+ /ILL MORE DIFFICULT1 & SO ON TILL  
!Y %\LD REA* ,K>AMZ91 ,PU%K91 & ! ,CODE4  
,BUT ?IS1 LIKE ! MO/ ( \R SUPPOSITIONS & LIKE  
SUPPOSITIONS 9 G5]AL1 WAS NOT REALIZ$4 

,FROM ! LANGUAGE WRITT5 BY ! S*OL>S !MSELVES  
ON !IR SLATES OR BLACKBO>DS1 ,I SUCCE$$ 9 BR++  
!M TO ! LANGUAGE ( TALES2 BUT TO BR+ !M FROM  
! LANGUAGE ( TALES TO A HI<] /&>D1 ! 0SOME?+0 ?AT %\LD BE ! 9T]M$IATE /EP WAS LACK+ 9 \R LIT]ATURE4 ,WE TRI$ 0,ROB9SON10 BUT IT DID NOT  
WORK3 SOME ( ! PUPILS WEPT ) VEXATION1 BECAUSE  
!Y C\LD NOT COMPREH5D & RELATE ! /ORY2 ,I TRI$  
TO TELL IT TO !M 9 MY [N WAY & !Y BEGAN TO  
BELIEVE 9 ! POSSIBILITY ( COMPREH5D+ ! WISDOM  
( IT2 !Y SUCCE$$ 9 GETT+ AT ITS MEAN+ & 9 A  
MON? !Y W]E READ+ 0,ROB9SON10 BUT IT BOR$ !M  
& F9ALLY ALMO/ DISGU/$ !M4 ,?IS LABOR WAS TOO  
GREAT = !M4 ,!Y TRU/$ MORE TO !IR MEMORIES1  
& 9 REPEAT+ ! /ORY IMM$IATELY AFT] :AT HAD  
BE5 READ DUR+ A :OLE EV5+ !Y RETA9$ SNAT*ES  
( IT1 BUT NO ONE TOOK IT 9 AS A :OLE4 ,!Y REMEMB]$  
UN=TUNATELY C]TA9 WORDS 9COMPREH5SIBLE TO !M1  
& !Y BEGAN TO USE !SE WORDS ASKEW & AMISS1 AS  
HALF-$UCAT$ PEOPLE >E WONT TO DO4 

,I SAW ?AT ?IS WAS NOT GOOD1 BUT ,I DID NOT KN[ H[  
TO REM$Y ! EVIL4 ,TO CONV9CE MYSELF & CLE> MY  
CONSCI5CE1 ,I BEGAN TO GIVE !M TO READ V>I\S POPUL> SOPHI/ICATIONS LIKE 0,DYADI ,NAUMUI0 & 0,TETU%KI ,NATALI10 ?\< ,I KNEW 9 ADVANCE ?AT !Y  
W\LD NOT SATISFY !M2 & MY PROGNO/ICATION WAS  
V]IFI$4 ,!SE BOOKS W]E MORE ( A BORE TO ! PUPILS  
?AN ANY?+ ELSE1 IF !Y W]E REQUIR$ TO RECAPITULATE  
!M4 

,AFT] 0,ROB9SON0 ,I TRI$ ,PU%K91 NOTABLY HIS /ORY  
0,! ,UND]TAK]02 BUT UNLESS !Y W]E HELP$ !Y  
W]E EV5 LESS ABLE TO TELL AB\T IT AFT]W>DS ?AN !Y  
HAD BE5 9 ! CASE ( 0,ROB9SON10 & 0,! ,UND]TAK]0 SEEM$ TO !M /ILL MORE ( A BORE4 ,!  
ADDRESSES TO ! READ]1 ! UN-S]I\S RELATION ( !  
AU?OR TO HIS P]SONAGES1 ! HUMOR\S *>ACT]IZATION1 HIS CONCIS5ESS1 ALL ?IS WAS SO 9COMPATIBLE  
) :AT !Y WANT$ ?AT ,I DEF9ITELY AB&ON$  
,PU%K91 :OSE /ORIES HAD HI!RTO SEEM$ TO ME BY  
HYPO!SIS MO/ REGUL>LY CON/RUCT$1 SIMPLE1 & !RE=E COMPREH5SIBLE TO ! PEOPLE4 ,!N ,I MADE !  
EXP]IM5T ) ,GOGOL'S 0,NI<T BE=E ,*RI/MAS40 

,AS ,I READ IT TO !M1 IT PLEAS$ !M AT FIR/ V]Y  
MU*1 ESPECIALLY ! OLD] ONES2 BUT AS SOON AS !Y  
W]E LEFT TO READ IT !MSELVES1 !Y C\LD NOT UND]/& IT1 & IT BOR$ !M4 ,EV5 :5 ,I READ IT1 !Y  
DID NOT ASK ME TO GO ON4 ,! RI*NESS ( ! COLOR+1  
! FANCIFULNESS1 & ! CAPRICI\S ME?OD ( CON/RUCTION W]E OPPOS$ TO !IR HABIT ( ?\<T4 

,!N ,I TRI$ !M ) A ,RUSSIAN TRANSLATION .<#a#i.> ( !  
0,ILIAD10 & ! READ+ ( ?IS CAUS$ A CURI\S P]PLEXITY  
AMONG !M2 !Y SUPPOS$ ?AT ! ORIG9AL WAS WRITT5  
9 ,FR5*1 & !Y C\LD NOT AT ALL UND]/& EV5  
AFT] ,I HAD TOLD !M ITS SUBJECT-MATT] 9 MY [N WORDS2  
EV5 !N ! FABLE ( ! POEM DID NOT MAKE ITSELF 9TELLIGIBLE TO !IR M9DS4 

,! SKEPTIC ,SEMKA1 A HEAL?Y1 LOGICAL NATURE1 WAS  
/RUCK BY ! PICTURE ( ,PHOEBUS ) ! >R[S RATTL+  
ON HIS BACK1 AS HE FLEW D[N FROM ,OLYMPUS2 BUT EVID5TLY HE WAS AT A LOSS :AT TO MAKE ( ?IS PICTURE4 

0,H[ DID HE FLY D[N FROM ! M\NTA91 & NOT  
DA% HIMSELF TO PIECES80 HE KEPT ASK+ ME4 

0,:Y1 Y\ SEE1 !Y SUPPOS$ HE WAS A GOD10 ,I REPLI$4 

0,H[ A GOD80 

0,!Y HAD MANY ( !M40 

0,!N HE MU/ HAVE BE5 A FALSE GOD1 OR ELSE HE FLEW  
D[N LI<TLY FROM ?AT M\NTA92 O!RWISE HE W\LD  
HAVE BE5 DA%$ 9 PIECES10 HE EXCLAIM$1 SPREAD+  
HIS H&S4 

,I TRI$ ,GEORGE ,S&'S 0,GRIB\ILLE10 SOME POPUL> &  
MILIT>Y READ+1 & ALL 9 VA94 ,WE TRY EV]Y?+  
WE CAN F9D1 & EV]Y?+ ?AT IS S5T US1 BUT WE HAVE  
V]Y LITTLE HOPE 9 \R EXP]IM5TS4 

,Y\ SIT D[N 9 S*OOL & OP5 A SO-CALL$ POPUL>  
BOOK JU/ BR\<T FROM ! MAIL4 

0,LITTLE UNCLE1 LET ME READ IT1 ME6 ME60 CRY V>I\S  
VOICES1 & H&S >E EAG]LY ?RU/ \T4 0,LET US HAVE  
IT1 WE CAN UND]/& IT BETT]60 ,Y\ OP5 ! BOOK1  
& READ3 

0,! LIFE ( ! GREAT ,SA9T ,ALEXIS PRES5TS US )  
A MODEL ( >D5T FAI?1 PIETY1 9DEFATIGABLE ZEAL1 &  
FI]Y LOVE TO HIS NATIVE L&1 TO :I* ?IS HOLY MAN P]=M$ IMPORTANT S]VICES40 

,OR1 0,LONG AGO M5 NOT$ ! FREQU5T APP>ITION 9  
,RUSSIA ( SELF-TAU<T M5 ( TAL5TS1 BUT ! PH5OM5ON IS NOT EXPLA9$ BY ALL 9 ! SAME WAY40 

,OR1 0,?REE HUNDR$ YE>S HAVE PASS$ S9CE !  
L& ( ! ,CZE*S BECAME A DEP5D5CY ( ! ,G]MAN  
,EMPIRE40 

,OR1 0,! VILLAGE ( ,K>A*>EVO1 SCATT]$ ALONG !  
M\NTA9 FLANK1 IS SITUAT$ 9 ONE ( ! MO/ F]TILE  
GRA9-PRODUC+ GOV]NM5TS ( ,RUSSIA40 

,OR1 0,! ROAD W&]$ WIDE & LO/ ITSELF20 OR IT  
IS A POPUL> EXPOSITION ( SOME?+ 9 NATURAL SCI5CE  
ON A S+LE PR9T$ %EET1 FILL$ HALF FULL ( FLATT]IES  
ADDRESS$ BY ! AU?OR TO ! MUZHIK4 

@5 ,IF Y\ GIVE SU* A BOOK TO ANY ONE ( ! *ILDR51  
HIS EYES BEG9 TO GR[ DULL1 HE BEG9S TO YAWN4 

0,NO1 IT IS TOO DEEP = US1 ,LY( ,NIKOLAYEVIT*10 HE  
WILL SAY1 & HE WILL GIVE Y\ BACK ! BOOK4 ,= :OM  
& BY :OM SU* 0POPUL> BOOKS0 >E WRITT5 REMA9S  
A MY/]Y TO US4 ,( ALL ! VOLUMES ( ?IS K9D READ  
BY US NOT ONE WAS RETA9$ EXCEPT ! 0,DY$U%KI0 (  
! OLD /ORY-TELL] ,ZOLOT(1 :I* HAD A GREAT SUCCESS 9  
S*OOL & AT HOME4 ,SOME >E SIMPLY WRET*$ WRIT+S1 COMPOS$ 9 A MIS]ABLE LIT]>Y /YLE1 & AS !Y  
F9D NO READ]S 9 ! ORD9>Y PUBLIC1 >E !RE=E CONSECRAT$ TO ! COMMON PEOPLE4 ,O!RS >E /ILL MORE  
WRET*$ WRITT5 9 A /YLE :I* IS NOT ,RUSSIAN1 A  
/YLE LATELY 9V5T$1 PRET5D+ TO BE 0POPUL>10 LIKE  
?AT ( ,KRUIL('S 0,FABLES40 ,/ILL O!RS >E SOPHI/ICATIONS ( =EIGN BOOKS DESIGN$ = ! PEOPLE BUT LACK+ ! ELEM5TS ( POPUL>ITY4 

,! ONLY BOOKS COMPREH5SIBLE = ! PEOPLE &  
ADAPT$ TO ! TA/E ( ! PEOPLE >E ?OSE NOT WRITT5  
= ! PEOPLE1 BUT PROCE$+ FROM ! PEOPLE FOLKTALES1 PROV]BS1 COLLECTIONS ( SONGS1 LEG5DS1 POEMS1  
5IGMAS1 LIKE ! REC5T COLLECTION ( ,VODOVOZ(S4 

,)\T HAV+ HAD EXP]I5CE ( IT1 ONE CANNOT BELIEVE H[ MU* FRE% ZEAL !Y PUT 9TO ! CON/ANT  
READ+ ( ALL BOOKS ( ?IS K9D1 EV5 ! N>RATIVES (  
! ,RUSSIAN PEOPLE1 ! H]OIC LEG5DS .<#b.> & POEMS1 ! PROV]BS ( ,SNEGIREF1 ! OLD *RONICLES1 & ALL ! MEMORIALS ( \R ANCI5T LIT]ATURE )\T EXCEPTION4 

,I HAVE OBS]V$ ?AT *ILDR5 HAVE A GREAT] PASSION  
?AN !IR ELD]S = READ+ BOOKS ( ?IS SORT4 ,!Y  
READ !M OV] & OV]1 LE>N !M BY HE>T1 C>RY  
!M HOME ) DELI<T1 & 9 !IR GAMES & TALK  
GIVE ONE ANO!R NICKNAMES TAK5 FROM ! OLD LEG5DS  
& SONGS4 

,ADULTS1 EI!R BECAUSE !Y >E NOT SO NATURAL1 OR BECAUSE !Y HAVE ALREADY ACQUIR$ A TA/E = ! ELEGANCE  
( ! BOOK-LANGUAGE1 OR BECAUSE !Y UNCONSCI\SLY  
FEEL ! NE$ ( ACQUIR+ A KN[L$GE ( LIT]>Y /YLE1  
>E LESS ATTRACT$ BY BOOKS ( ?IS K9D1 & PREF] ?OSE  
9 :I* HALF ( ! WORDS1 FIGURES1 & IDEAS >E 9COMPREH5SIBLE TO !M4 

,BUT AS BOOKS ( ?IS K9D >E NOT LIK$ BY ! PUPILS1  
! OBJECT :I* WE P]HAPS ]RONE\SLY SET BE=E \RSELVES IS NOT ATTA9$ BY !M2 BETWE5 !SE BOOKS  
& ! LIT]>Y LANGUAGE ! SAME GULF EXI/S4 

,SO F> WE SEE NO MEANS ( ESCAPE FROM ?IS VICI\S  
CIRCLE1 ?\< WE HAVE MADE1 & >E ALL ! TIME MAK+1 EXP]IM5TS & NEW HYPO!SES1 WE /RIVE TO  
DETECT \R MI/AKES & BEG ALL ?OSE :O FEEL 9T]E/$ 9 ?IS MATT] TO COMMUNICATE TO US !IR NOTIONS1  
EXP]IM5TS1 & SUCCESSES 9 RESOLV+ ! PROBLEM4 

,! QUE/ION SO 9SOLUBLE = US CONSI/S 9 ?IS3 

,= ! $UCATION ( ! PEOPLE IT IS ESS5TIAL ?AT  
!Y %\LD HAVE & LIKE TO READ ! BE/ BOOKS2 BUT  
! BE/ BOOKS >E WRITT5 9 A /YLE :I* ! PEOPLE  
DO NOT UND]/&4 ,9 ORD] TO LE>N TO READ UND]/&+LY1 !Y MU/ READ MU*2 9 ORD] TO LIKE TO  
READ1 !Y MU/ UND]/&4 

,9 :AT LIES ! ]ROR & H[ ESCAPE FROM ?IS SITUATION8 ,MAYBE !RE IS A TRANSITION LIT]ATURE :I* WE  
DO NOT KN[ AB\T1 SIMPLY ?R\< LACK ( KN[L$GE2  
MAYBE ! /UDY ( ! BOOKS :I* CIRCULATE AMONG  
! PEOPLE1 & ! OP9ION ( ! PEOPLE REG>D+  
!SE BOOKS1 WILL OP5 TO US WAYS BY :I* M5 FROM  
AMONG ! PEOPLE WILL ATTA9 AN UND]/&+ ( !  
LIT]>Y LANGUAGE4 

,TO SU* A /UDY WE %ALL CONSECRATE A SPECIAL DEP>TM5T 9 \R J\RNAL1 & WE BEG ALL :O REALIZE !  
IMPORTANCE ( ?IS MATT] TO S5D US >TICLES ON !  
SUBJECT4 

,FROM 3 ,WIKIS\RCE4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,SEPTEMB] #c1 #ahfb 3 ,*APT] #ba -- ,PUBLICATION4 

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