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#ahfbahfb 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,LEO ,TOL/OY 

,TRANSLATOR 3 ,NA?AN ,HASKELL ,DOLE 

,TEXT 3 

,:51 N9E MON?S AGO1 ,I 5T]$ UPON ! TEA*+  
( DRAW+1 ,I HAD AS YET NO DEF9ITE PLAN1 EI!R = LAY+ \T ! C\RSE ( 9/RUCTION OR = GUID+ ! PUPILS4 ,I HAD NEI!R DESIGNS NOR MODELS1 SAVE = A FEW  
ALBUMS ( ILLU/RATIONS1 :I*1 H[EV]1 ,I DID NOT MAKE  
USE ( AT ! TIME ( MY MO/ ADVANC$ LESSONS1 CONF9+ MYSELF TO SIMPLE AUXILI>Y MEANS1 SU* AS CAN ALWAYS  
BE F\ND 9 EV]Y C\NTRY S*OOL4 ,A PA9T$ WOOD5  
BO>D1 *ALK1 SLATES1 & RECTANGUL> BO>DS ( V>I\S  
SIZES1 & /ICKS1 :I* WE HAD US$ 9 ! VISUAL TEA*+ ( MA!MATICS !SE W]E ALL ! MAT]IAL WE  
HAD = \R 9/RUCTION1 & YET WE W]E NOT H9D]$  
FROM COPY+ EV]Y?+ ?AT CAME UND] \R H&S4 

,NOT ONE ( ! PUPILS HAD EV] BE=E HAD ANY LESSONS 9 DRAW+2 !Y BR\<T TO ME ONLY !IR FACULTY  
( JUDGM5T1 :I* !Y W]E GIV5 P]FECT LIB]TY TO  
EXPRESS :5 & AS !Y PLEAS$1 & :I* ,I WANT$  
AS A GUIDE TO TEA* ME !IR REQUIREM5TS SO ?AT ,I  
MI<T AFT]W>DS LAY D[N A DEF9ITE S*EME ( WORK4 

,! FIR/ ?+ ,I DID WAS TO MAKE A SQU>E \T ( F\R  
/ICKS & EXP]IM5T$ TO DISCOV] IF ! BOYS1 )\T  
ANY PRELIM9>Y TEA*+1 W\LD BE ABLE TO COPY ?AT  
SQU>E4 ,A FEW ( ! BOYS ONLY DREW SOME V]Y IRREGUL> SQU>ES1 9DICAT+ BY /RAI<T L9ES ! SQU>E /ICKS  
:I* MADE ! SQU>E4 ,I WAS P]FECTLY SATISFI$ )  
?IS4 ,= ! LESS ABLE ONES ,I DREW A SQU>E ) *ALK ON ! BO>D4 ,!N WE CON/RUCT$ A CROSS 9 ! SAME  
WAY1 & COPI$ ?AT4 

,AN UNCONSCI\S 9NATE FEEL+ IMPELL$ ! *ILDR5  
TO F9D AS A G5]AL ?+ A SUFFICI5TLY ACCURATE CORRELATION ( ! L9ES1 AL?\< !Y DREW ! L9ES BADLY  
5\<4 ,& ,I DID NOT CONSID] IT NECESS>Y TO 9SI/ ON  
! ACCURACY ( ! /RAI<T L9ES 9 EA* FIGURE1 = ,I DID  
NOT WI% TO TORM5T !M UNNECESS>ILY1 & ALL ,I WANT$  
WAS TO HAVE ! FIGURE COPI$4 ,I PREF]R$ AT FIR/ TO  
GIVE ! *ILDR5 A COMPREH5SION ( ! RELATIONS (  
! L9ES ACCORD+ TO !IR SIZE & !IR DIRECTION1  
RA!R ?AN TO LABOR OV] !IR ABILITY TO DRAW !SE  
L9ES AS REGUL>LY AS POSSIBLE4 

,! *ILD WILL UND]/& ! RELATION BETWE5 L5G?  
& %ORTNESS ( L9ES1 ! DIFF]5CE BETWE5 A RI<T  
ANGLE & P>ALLELS1 BE=E HE WILL LE>N BY HIMSELF TO  
DRAW A /RAI<T L9E TOL]ABLY WELL4 

,LITTLE BY LITTLE 9 ! SUCCE$+ LESSONS WE SUCCE$$  
9 COPY+ ! ANGLES ( !SE QUADRANGUL> /ICKS1 &  
!N WE MADE ! MO/ V>I$ FIGURES ) !M4 

,! PUPILS 5TIRELY NEGLECT$ ! ?ICKNESS ( !  
/ICKS1 ! ?IRD DIM5SION1 & WE DREW ALL ! TIME  
ONLY ! FRONT SIDE ( ! OBJECTS SET BE=E US4 

,! DIFFICULTY ( CLE>LY PRES5T+ ! POSITION &  
COORD9ATION ( FIGURES1 [+ TO \R DEFICI5CY ( MAT]IALS1 COMPELL$ ME SOMETIMES TO DRAW ! FIGURES ON !  
BO>D4 ,I (T5 COMB9$ A SKET* FROM NATURE ) A  
SKET* FROM MODELS1 TAK+ ANY OBJECT :ATEV]3 IF !  
BOYS C\LD NOT COPY ! GIV5 OBJECT1 ,I W\LD SKET*  
IT MYSELF ON ! BO>D4 

,! DRAW+ ( FIGURES FROM ! BO>D PROCE$$ AS  
FOLL[S3 ,I DREW AT FIR/ A HORIZONTAL OR P]P5DICUL>  
L9E2 ,I DIVID$ IT BY PO9TS 9TO A C]TA9 NUMB] (  
P>TS2 ! PUPILS COPI$ ?IS L9E4 ,!N ,I DREW ANO!R OR SEV]AL P]P5DICUL> OR SLANT+ L9ES TO !  
FIR/1 & DIVID$ 9TO EQUAL P>TS4 ,!N WE UNIT$ !  
PO9TS ( DIVISION ( !SE L9ES ) /RAI<T OR CURV$  
L9ES1 & ?US COMPOS$ A K9D ( SYMMETRICAL FIGURE1  
:I*1 ACCORD+ AS IT DEVELOP$1 ! BOYS COPI$4 ,IT  
SEEM$ TO ME ?AT ?IS WAS ADVANTAGE\S1 9 ! FIR/ PLACE1 9 ?IS RELATION3 ?AT ! BOY1 BY LOOK+ ON1 LE>NS  
! :OLE PROCESS ( DRAW+ FIGURES1 &1 9 ! SECOND PLACE1 ON ! O!R H& !RE IS DEVELOP$ 9  
HIM A F> BETT] COMPREH5SION ( ! RELATIONS (  
L9ES ?R\< ?IS SKET*+ ON ! BO>D ?AN ?R\<  
COPY+ ( SKET*ES & ORIG9ALS4 ,BY ?IS SY/EM !  
POSSIBILITY ( \T & \T COPY+ IS 5TIRELY OBVIAT$1  
! FIGURE ITSELF1 LIKE AN OBJECT FROM ,NATURE1 MU/ BE  
DRAWN ON A SMALL] SCALE4 

,IT IS ALMO/ ALWAYS USELESS TO HANG UP A L>GE PICTURE  
OR FIGURE ALREADY P]FECTLY DRAWN1 BECAUSE ! BEG9N]  
WILL REALLY BE AT HIS WITS' 5DS BE=E IT1 JU/ AS BE=E  
AN OBJECT FROM ,NATURE4 ,BUT ! DEVELOPM5T ( A FIGURE  
BE=E HIS EYES HAS GREAT SIGNIFICANCE4 ,! PUPIL 9  
?IS CASE SEES ! -BONES ( ! SKET*1 ! SKELETON ON  
:I* AFT]W>DS ! BODY ITSELF WILL BE CON/RUCT$4 

,! PUPILS W]E CON/ANTLY CALL$ ON TO CRITICIZE !  
BONES :I* ,I DREW1 & !IR RELATIONS4 ,I (T5 DREW  
!M 9CORRECTLY ON PURPOSE1 SO AS TO F9D \T H[ F>  
!IR JUDGM5T WAS =M$ CONC]N+ ! RELATIONS  
& CORRECTNESS ( ! L9ES4 ,!N ,I W\LD ASK !  
BOYS1 :5 ,I HAD DRAWN A FIGURE1 :]E1 9 !IR OP9ION1  
ANO!R L9E %\LD BE ADD$1 & ,I EV5 MADE ONE OR  
ANO!R ( !M ?9K \T A WAY ( CON/RUCT+ A  
FIGURE4 

,BY ?IS MEANS ,I AWAK5$ 9 ! BOYS NOT ONLY A  
MORE LIVELY BUT ALSO A FREE COOP]ATION 9 ! CON/RUCTION & DEVELOPM5T ( ! FIGURES2 & ?IS ANNIHILAT$ 9 ! *ILDR5 ! QUE/ION 0,:Y80 :I* !  
*ILD ALWAYS NATURALLY ASKS HIMSELF :5 HE IS SET TO  
COPY+ AN ORIG9AL4 

,! C\RSE & ME?OD ( 9/RUCTION HAVE BE5  
*IEFLY DET]M9$ BY ! EASE OR DIFFICULTY ( COMPREH5SION1 ! GREAT] OR LESS AM\NT ( 9T]E/ MANIFE/$1 & ,I HAVE (T5 ?R[N AWAY SOME?+ 5TIRELY  
PREP>$ = ! LESSON1 SIMPLY BECAUSE IT WAS WE>ISOME OR UNFAMILI> TO ! BOYS4 

,HI!RTO ,I HAVE GIV5 SYMMETRICAL FIGURES TO COPY  
BECAUSE !IR =MATION IS ! EASIE/ & MO/ OBVI\S4 ,!N BY WAY ( EXP]IM5T ,I ASK$ ! BE/ PUPILS TO 9V5T & DESIGN FIGURES ON ! BO>D4 ,AL?\< ALMO/ ALL DREW 9 ONE GIV5 /YLE1 NEV]!LESS  
IT WAS 9T]E/+ TO OBS]VE !IR AWAK5+ RIVALRY1  
!IR CRITICISM ( O!RS1 & ! ORIG9ALITY ( ! FIGURES !Y CON/RUCT$4 ,MANY ( !SE SKET*ES W]E  
9 P]FECT CORRESPOND5CE ) ! PUPILS' *>ACT]S4 

,EA* *ILD HAS A T5D5CY T[>D 9DEP5D5CE1  
:I* IT W\LD BE 9JURI\S TO DE/ROY 9 ANY K9D (  
9/RUCTION1 & :I* IS P>TICUL>LY MANIFE/$ 9 !  
DISSATISFACTION AT DRAW+ FROM MODELS4 ,9 ! ME?ODS  
H]E DESCRIB$ ?IS 9DEP5D5CE IS NOT ONLY NOT VITIAT$1  
BUT IS DEVELOP$ & /R5G!N$4 

,IF ! PUPIL IS NOT TAU<T 9 S*OOL TO CREATE1 !N HE  
WILL GO ON ?R\< LIFE IMITAT+ & COPY+1 S9CE FEW  
( ?OSE ?AT HAVE BE5 TAU<T TO COPY W\LD BE ABLE TO  
MAKE 9DEP5D5T APPLICATION ( !SE ACQUIREM5TS4 

,BY CON/ANTLY HOLD+ TO NATURAL =MS 9 \R DESIGN+1 & BY FREQU5TLY TAK+ V>I\S OBJECTS1 AS1 =  
EXAMPLE1 LEAVES ( A *>ACT]I/IC =M1 FL[]S1 H\SEHOLD W>E1 & OBJECTS US$ 9 COMMON LIFE1 & 9/RUM5TS1 ,I TRI$ TO PREV5T \R DRAW+ FROM DEG5]AT+  
9TO R\T9E & MANN]ISM4 

,) ! GREATE/ CAUTION ,I 5T]$ 9TO AN EXPLANATION ( %AD+1 & *I>OSCURO1 BECAUSE ! BEG9N]1  
BY MEANS ( %AD+ L9ES1 EASILY DE/ROYS ! CLE>NESS  
& REGUL>ITY ( ! FIGURE1 & BECOMES ACCU/OM$ TO  
DISORD]LY & VAGUE DAUB+4 

,BY ?IS ME?OD ,I SUCCE$$ )9 A FEW MON?S  
9 9ITIAT+ MORE ?AN ?IRTY PUPILS 9TO A FAIR FUNDAM5TAL KN[L$GE ( ! COORD9ATION ( L9ES 9 V>I\S FIGURES & OBJECTS1 & 9TO ! >T ( REPRODUC+  
!SE FIGURES BY EV5 & ACCURATE L9ES4 ,! ME*ANICAL >T ( L9E> DRAW+ GRADUALLY DEVELOP$ ( ITSELF4  
,MORE DIFFICULT ?AN ANY?+ ELSE WAS IT = ME TO TEA*  
! PUPILS NEATNESS 9 KEEP+ !IR SKET*-BOOKS &  
!IR DESIGNS4 ,! FACILITY ( RUBB+ \T :AT !Y  
HAD DRAWN ON SLATES MADE MY TASK 9 ?IS RESPECT V]Y  
DIFFICULT4 ,GIV+ SKET*-BOOKS TO ! BETT] & MORE  
TAL5T$ PUPILS1 ,I ATTA9$ GREAT] NEATNESS 9 ! SKET*  
ITSELF2 = ! GREAT DIFFICULTY ( RUBB+ \T COMPELS !M TO GREAT NEATNESS 9 REG>D TO :AT !Y >E DESIGN+4 ,9 A %ORT TIME ! BE/ PUPILS ATTA9$ TO A  
V]Y ACCURATE & TIDY USE ( ! P5CIL1 SO ?AT !Y  
C\LD DRAW NEATLY & ACCURATELY1 NOT ONLY RECTIL9E>  
FIGURES1 BUT ALSO ! MO/ FANTA/IC ONES COMPOS$ (  
CURV$ L9ES4 

,I SET SOME ( ! PUPILS TO CORRECT+ ! FIGURES (  
! O!RS :5 !Y HAD F9I%$ !IR [N1 & ?IS  
EX]CISE 9 TEA*+ NOTABLY /IMULAT$ ! PUPILS1 = 9  
?IS WAY !Y C\LD IMM$IATELY APPLY :AT !Y HAD  
LE>N$4 

,( LATE1 ,I HAVE OCCUPI$ ! OLD] ONES 9 DRAW+  
OBJECTS 9 ! MO/ V>I$ POSITIONS 9 P]SPECTIVE1 )\T HOLD+ EXCLUSIVELY TO ! WELL-KN[N ME?OD (  
,DUPUIS4 

,FROM 3 ,WIKIS\RCE4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
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