,YUGOSLAV SELF-MANAGEM5T ,CAPITALISM UND] ! R$ BANN] ,PEOPLE 3 ,AU?OR 3 ,JURAJ ,KATAL5AC ,TEXT 3 ,ALL (FICIAL & LIB]AL SCI5CE DEF5DS WAGE-SLAV]Y1 :]EAS ,M>XISM HAS DECL>$ REL5TLESS W> ON ?AT SLAV]Y4 ,L59 ,YUGOSLAV SELF-MANAGEM5T IS A UNIQUE HI/ORICAL EXP]IM5T4 ,FUR!RMORE1 IT IS ONE ( ! MO/ 9T]E/+ =MATIONS (1 SO CALL$1 REAL-SOCIALISM UP TO TODAY1 AS ,YUGOSLAVIA BROKE ) ! ,SOVIET ,UNION & 9ITIAT$ ITS [N SPECIFIC ECONOMIC1 POLITICAL & IDEOLOGICAL WAY4 ,IT WAS A SY/EM :I* PUBLICLY CRITICIZ$ 0BUREAUCRATIC DEVIATIONS0 ( ! ,SOVIET ,UNION1 :I* %\T$ 0WORKPLACES TO ! WORK]S10 :I* 0ABOLI%$0 ITS [N ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY & SET ITS [N PA? 9 ,COLD ,W> POLITICS4 ,BUT IT WAS ALSO A SY/EM ( ITS [N CONTRADICTIONS1 A SY/EM ?AT CRITICIZ$ ! BUREAUCRACY ( O!RS :ILE ITS [N WAS GR[+1 A SY/EM ?AT /OOD = WORK]S' SELF-MANAGEM5T ONLY ON PAP] :ILE TE*NOCRATS & MANAG]S RAN ! ECONOMY 9 PRACTICE1 A SY/EM ?AT 0ABOLI%$0 ! ,ONE ,P>TY BY JU/ R5AM+ IT & A SY/EM ?AT RAG$ AGA9/ IMP]IALISM :ILE IT TOOK AN ACTIVE ROLE 9 IT4 ,ALSO1 IF WE TAKE A LOOK AT QUE/IONS ( F$]ALISM & C5TRALISM OR ! NATIONAL QUE/ION7S7 )9 ,YUGOSLAVIA1 WE WILL GET ONE REALLY COMPLEX & 9T]E/+ PICTURE4 ,/ILL1 SELF-MANAGEM5T1 ESPECIALLY ) ! NEW SOCIAL MOVEM5TS ?AT SPAWN$ REC5TLY & ?AT >E ATTRACT$ TO SU* IDEAS1 REMA9S A CRUCIAL & RELEVANT TOPIC4 ,= ! SAME REASON1 IT IS A REALLY BIG %AME ?AT 9 AN ]A ( ! ,FUKUYAMI/ 0TRIUMPH ( DEMOCRACY10 FEW PEOPLE /UDY ,YUGOSLAVIA &1 ON ,CROATIAN FACULTIES1 IT IS M5TION$ ONLY ?R\< PO/-#iS LIB]AL-NATIONALI/ MY?OLOGY4 ,! AIM ( ?IS >TICLE IS TO GIVE A ,M>XI/ CRITIQUE ( ,YUGOSLAV SELF-MANAGEM5T4 ,I ?9K ?AT ,M>XISM IS NOT 0DEFEAT$0 & ?AT ,M>X'S CRITIQUE ( CAPITALISM CAN BE APPLI$ TO SO-CALL$ 0SOCIALI/0 C\NTRIES4 ,BECAUSE ( ?AT1 ,I CONSID] 0SOCIALI/0 ,YUGOSLAVIA AS A CAPITALI/ SOCIETY4 ,AS A ,M>XI/1 ,I COMPLETELY REJECT ! ,/AL9I/ HOAX ( 0SOCIALISM 9 ONE C\NTRY10 BUT ALSO1 ,I ANALYZE ECONOMIC & POLITICAL RELATIONS BAS$ ON A ,M>XI/ ANALYSIS ( CAPITALISM 9/EAD ( M]E PROCLAMATIONS & DOCUM5TS ?AT !SE SY/EMS PUBLI%$4 ,9 MY CRITIQUE ( ! ,YUGOSLAV ECONOMY1 ,I'M RELY+ ON ! WORKS ( ,M>XI/S SU* AS ,RAYA ,DUNAYEVSKAYA & ,P>E% ,*ATTOPADHYAY & !IR ANALYZES ( ! ,SOVIET ,UNION1 AS !RE >E A LOT ( SIMIL>ITIES & USEFUL APPROA*ES4 ,US+ ,M>X'S ME?OD1 ,I ACCEPT ?AT ! FUNDAM5TAL CRIT]ION TO *>ACT]IZE AN ECONOMY IS 9 ITS SPECIFIC SOCIAL RELATIONS 9 PRODUCTION4 ,!Y REVEAL ! SPECIFIC WAYS 9 :I* WORK]S & ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION >E COMB9$ = PRODUCTION--OR 9 CLASS SOCIETY--0! SPECIFIC =M 9 :I* ! UNPAID SURPLUS LABOR IS PUMP$ \T FROM ! IMM$IATE PRODUC]0 7,M>X 9 ,*ATTOPADHYAY #a#i#i#d3#e74 ,BY US+ ?IS ME?OD1 AS ,DUNAYEVSKAYA & ,*ATTOPADHYAY DID 9 ! CASE ( ! ,SOVIET ,UNION1 OR AS ,I'LL TRY 9 ! CASE ( ,YUGOSLAVIA1 WE CAN NOTICE SPECIFIC SOCIAL RELATIONS 9 PRODUCTION ON :I* SOCIETY IS BAS$1 I4E4 ! WAYS ( APPROPRIATION & USE ( SURPLUS LABOR ( ?AT SOCIETY4 ,WE CAN ALSO M5TION ! NE$ ( !SE ECONOMIES = 05L>G$ REPRODUCTION ( ! RELATIONS ( PRODUCTION ?AT DET]M9$ SPECIFIC EXI/5TIAL =MS ( [N]%IP1 EX*ANGE1 & DI/RIBUTION0 7,*ATTOPADHYAY #a#i#i#d3#f74 ,= AN ANALYSIS ( CAPITALISM1 IT IS IMPORTANT TO PRES5T ! DUAL MEAN+ ( ,M>X'S CONCEPT ( CAPITAL3 ECONOMIC & LEGAL1 UPON :I* WE WILL ANALYZE RELATIONS )9 0SOCIALI/0 ,YUGOSLAVIA4 ,ALSO1 IT IS IMPORTANT TO TACKLE ! REVISION ( ,M>XISM BY ,M>XI/-,L59I/S SU* AS ,/AL9 & ! ,SOVIET 9TELLIG5TSIA1 BUT ALSO ,YUGOSLAV 9TELLIG5TSIA SU* AS ,TITO1 ,$V>D ,K>DELJ1 ,BORIS ,KIDRIC & ECONOMI/ ,BRANKO ,HORVAT 7SEE HIS BOOK ,A,B,C ( ,YUGOSLAV ,SOCIALISM 7#a#i#h#i74 ,9 ! DISCUSSION AB\T WORK]S' SELF-MANAGEM5T1 ,I'LL ALSO ANALYZE ITS CRITIQUE BY ,YUGOSLAV 9TELLECTUALS >\ND ! PHILOSOPHICAL J\RNAL ,PRAXIS4 ,9 ! _?#c-#d ISSUE 9 #a#i#g#a1 ,PRAXIS PRES5T$ ITS CRITIQUE ( ,YUGOSLAVIA ?AT 9 SOME WORKS1 LIKE 9 ,RUDI ,SUPEK'S 0,CONTRADICTIONS & AMBIGUITIES ( ,YUGOSLAV SELF-MANAG+ SOCIALISM0 7#a#i#g#a71 M>K$ ,YUGOSLAVIA AS A CAPITALI/ SOCIETY1 BUT /ILL /OOD BEH9D SELF-MANAGEM5T AS A PA? TO COMMUNISM4 ,?IS SUBJECT IS TOO L>GE TO BE ADEQUATELY PROCESS$ 9 SU* A %ORT =M4 ,A LOT ( 0EPISODES0 & 0MOM5TS0 ( ! ,YUGOSLAV SY/EM WILL BE LEFT \T4 ,AS ?IS IS MY FIR/ S]I\S >TICLE1 ,I'M HOP+ ?AT C]TA9 MI/AKES WILL BE PO9T$ \T 9 CRITIQUES & COMM5TS ,I'LL RECEIVE UPON 9DIVIDUALS' READ+ ( ?IS ONE4 ,I'D LIKE TO ?ANK ALL ! PEOPLE :OSE COMM5TS HELP$ ME TO %APE ?IS >TICLE4 ,ALSO1 ,I'D LIKE TO EXPRESS MY GRATITUDE TO ! $ITORS ( ,9SURG5T ,NOTES TO ALL[ ME TO CONTRIBUTE TO ?IS ISSUE4 ,B,I,R,? ,( ,S,O,C,I,A,L,I,/ ,Y,U,G,O,S,L,A,V,I,A ,IT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO TALK AB\T ,TITOISM OR ,YUGOSLAV SELF-MANAGEM5T )\T KN[+ C]TA9 HI/ORICAL CONTEXTS :I* HELP$ TO SPAWN !SE IDEAS4 ,9 ORD] TO DO ?AT1 WE NE$ TO ANALYZE ! POLITICS ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY ( ,YUGOSLAVIA 7,C,P,Y7 & ITS NATIONAL BRAN*ES1 WORK+ CLASS SELF-ACTIVITY1 & ! 9T]NATIONAL (FICIAL COMMUNI/ MOVEM5T1 :I* WAS BY !N HEAVILY 9FECT$ ) PO/-,OCTOB]1 N[ ,/AL9I/1 C\NT]-REVOLUTION4 ,IT IS REALLY IMPORTANT TO /ATE RI1 BECAUSE ( ! /R5G? ( ,SOVIET IMP]IALISM1 I4E4 ! ,SOVIET ,R$ ,>MY1 :I* IT SUPPORT$ & BECAUSE IT SUCCE$$ 9 SECUR+ ITS RUL+ POSITION 9 ! 9N]-,YUGOSLAV P[] /RUGGLES ) ! ROYALI/S4 ,FUR!RMORE1 DUR+ ! ,SECOND ,WORLD ,W>1 ! ,C,P,Y WAS ! LEAD+ =CE 9 ! ,NATIONAL ,LIB]ATION ,MOVEM5T 7,N,O,P7.<#a.>1 AN 9T]-CLASS ANTI-FASCI/ POPUL> FRONT MOVEM5T1 :I* ALL[$ B\RGEOIS & PETTY-B\RGEOIS ELEM5TS TO 5T] ON AN EQUAL BASIS1 UNID5TIFI$ ) !IR OLD POLITICAL BANN]S4 ,N,O,P WAS A BROAD MOVEM5T & ! ,P>TY RECRUIT$ MO/ ( !IR MILITANTS1 REG>DLESS ( CLASS AFFILIATION1 TO =M ! CADRE & ! EXECUTIVE APP>ATUS = A NEW /AGE ( C\NT]-REVOLUTION 7,JAMES #a#i#h#f3#h#i74 ,EV5 LEFTI/S LIKE TO REPEAT ,YUGOSLAV MY?OLOGY AB\T ! ,N,O,P BE+ A REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T2 ITS DOCUM5TS1 SU* AS ! ,FEBRU>Y #aidc ,/ATEM5T ( ,N,O,V I ,P,O,J & ,A,V,N,O,J'S ,H,Q .<#b.> 1 PROVE O!RWISE4 ,9 ?AT DOCUM5T1 IT IS CLE>LY /AT$ H[ !Y CONSID] 0PRIVATE PROP]TY SACROSANCT0 & ADVOCATE ! 0FULL POSSIBILITY ( SELF-9ITIATIVE 9 9DU/RY1 TRADE & AGRICULTURE0 7,PETRANOVIC #a#i#h#h3#c#d#b74 ,ONE ( ! FIR/ TASKS ( ! ,C,P,Y WAS ! RECON/RUCTION ( ,YUGOSLAVIA & E/ABLI%+ FULL CONTROL OV] ,YUGOSLAV T]RITORY4 ,! NUMB] ( VICTIMS ( ! ,SECOND ,WORLD ,W> WAS HUGE4 ,! DEMOGRAPHIC LOSS WAS #a1#g#f1 PEOPLE.<#c.>2 #c4#e MILLION PEOPLE LO/ !IR HOMES & PRODUCTION WAS ONLY AT #c P]C5T ( ITS PRE-W> CAPACITY4 #c#f4#e P]C5T ( 9DU/RY & #eb P]C5T ( RAILWAY TRACKS W]E DE/ROY$ 9 ! ,W> 7,BIL&ZIC #a#i#g#d3#a#f74 ,FOLL[+ ! 0,SOVIET MODEL0 ( NATIONALIZATION & E/ABLI%M5T ( /ATE PROP]TY1 ! ,C,P,Y ?\IAN VICTORY & SALVATION4 ,?AT CANNOT BE SAID = ! LEAD]%IP ( ! ,P>TY :I* WAS V]Y FAMILI> ) EV5TS 9 ! ,SOVIET ,UNION1 ESPECIALLY S9CE MO/ ( ! LEAD]S ( ! ,C,P,Y W]E AG5TS ( ! ,N,K,V,D.<#d.>4 ,ACCORD+ TO V>I\S ,YUGOSLAV HI/ORIANS1 ! ,C,P,Y--AS ! MO/ LOYAL FOLL[] ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL--?\TIES4 ,! ,C,P,Y ?\$ ?AT NATIONALIZATION MEANT SOCIALISM BECAUSE ALL PROP]TY WAS CONFISCAT$ BY ! PEOPLE'S AU?ORITY & BECAUSE ?AT CONFISCAT$ PROP]TY HAD PASS$ 9TO ! H&S ( A 0WORK+ PEOPLE'S /ATE0 :I* HAD BECOME MANAG] ( ?AT PROP]TY4 ,IT IS REALLY 9T]E/+ TO M5TION H]E ,TITO'S 9T]VIEW 9 ,BORBA 75G4 ,/RUGGLE 7 FROM ,NOVEMB] #b#i? #aiea 9 :I* HE TALK$ AB\T ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! 0REVOLUTION0 9 ,YUGOSLAVIA4 ,?R\< ?IS 9T]VIEW WE CAN CLE>LY UND]/& ! IDEOLOGICAL P>ADIGMS ( ,/AL9ISM :I* W]E DEEPLY ROOT$ 9 ! ,C,P,Y'S POLICIES4 ,HE TALK$ AB\T F\R REVOLUTION>Y ACTIONS ( ,YUGOSLAV COMMUNI/S3 7I7 ! UPRIS+ AGA9/ ! OCCUPI]S1 7II7 ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ DOME/IC TRAITORS1 7III7 ! DE/RUCTION ( ! /ATE APP>ATUS :I* S]V$ ! OCCUPI]S BY ! PEOPLE1 & 7IV7 ! CREATION ( A 0POPUL> GOV]NM5T40 ,HE ALSO TALK$ AB\T ! NATIONAL QUE/ION ( ! ,YUGOSLAV PEOPLE & AB\T ! TRANSF] ( ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION TO ! H&S ( 0WORK+ PEOPLE40 ,AS WE CAN READ 9 ,C4,R4 ,JAMES'S ,/ATE ,CAPITALISM & ,WORLD ,REVOLUTION 7#a#i#h#f71 :]E HE QUOT$ ! ,YUGOSLAV LEAD]%IP1 0NATIONALIZATION WAS WELL PREP>$ ORGANIZATIONALLY & WAS C>RI$ \T 9 SU* WAY ?AT SABOTAGE & DAMAGE W]E MADE IMPOSSIBLE4 ,ALL 5T]PRISES 9 ! 5TIRE C\NTRY W]E TAK5 OV] ON ! SAME DAY & ALMO/ AT ! SAME TIME )\T ! /OPP+ ( PRODUCTION0 7,JAMES #a#i#h#f3#i74 ,:AT WE HAVE H]E IS CLASSICAL EXAMPLE ( 0SOCIALISM 9 ONE C\NTRY10 I4E41 ,/AL9I/ /ATE CAPITALISM4 ,LONG BE=E COM+ TO P[]1 ! ,C,P,Y TRI$ TO DE/ROY WORK+ CLASS SELF-ACTIVITY & TO SUBORD9ATE IT UND] ITS BANN]4 ,! ,C,P,Y MANAG$ TO BECOME ! ONE & ! ONLY REPRES5TATIVE ( ! WORK+ CLASS 9 ,YUGOSLAVIA & VICTORY 9 ! ,W> ONLY /R5G!N$ !IR POSITION4 ,= EXAMPLE1 9 ! PRESS ( ! ,9T]NATIONALI/ ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY 7,P,C,9T7 FROM ,ITALY1 ALSO KN[N AS ,BATTAGLIA ,COMMUNI/A1 WE CAN F9D 9T]E/+ 0MOM5TS0 FROM ! TIME :5 ,TITOI/ =CES 5T]$ ,TRIE/E4 ,!SE 0MOM5TS0 CONC]N EXECUTIONS ( AN>*I/S & COMMUNI/S BY ,TITO'S =CES1 BUT ALSO !Y ALSO %[ H[ ,TITO'S =CES DID NOT ALL[ ! ,TRIE/E PROLET>IAT TO C>RY R$ BANN]S1 BUT ONLY ,YUGOSLAV & ,ITALIAN NATIONAL FLAGS 7,BATTAGLIA ,COMUNI/A #a#i#d#g1 #b#a#b2 ,]BA #b#a#b74 ,?IS PRETTY MU* DEMON/RATES ! ANTI-PROLET>IAN NATURE ( POPUL> FRONT POLITICS4 ,:5 IT COMES TO ! ,C,P,Y'S ACTIONS 0AT HOME10 MILITANT TRADE UNIONS W]E DE/ROY$ & SUCK$ 9TO ! NEW /ATE3 0,UND] ! CON/RUCTION ( ! NEW ,YUGOSLAVIA1 AFT] ! NATIONALIZATION ( 9DU/RY1 & AS A RESULT ( ! QUICK TEMPO ( SOCIALI/ BUILD+1 ! WORK]S' CLASS IS NO LONG] A CLASS ( B>E-H&$ PROLET>IANS :I* MU/ FIT ( ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION1 & ITS FUTURE DEP5DS 9 ! FIR/ PLACE ON ITSELF1 ON ITS WORK1 & ON ITS UNITY ) O!R TOIL]S1 ON ! MOBILIZATION ( ALL TOIL]S 9 SOCIALI/ BUILD+0 7,C,P,Y 9 ,JAMES #a#i#h#f3#h74 ,ALSO1 ONE ( ! REASONS = ! DE/RUCTION ( UNIONS WAS ! UNIFICATION ( MANUAL & 9TELLECTUAL WORK]S 9 ! ,LABOR ,FRONT ( ! NEW 0CORPORATE /ATE40 ,! NEW ROLE ( UNIONS BECAME TO ORGANIZE 0SOCIALI/ COMPETITION & %OCK WORK1 RATIONALIZATION & 9NOVATION 74447 FID ! PEOPLE'S PROP]TY1 TO /RUGGLE AGA9/ DAMAGE1 AGA9/ ABS5TEEISM1 AGA9/ C>ELESS WORK & SIMIL> ?+S0 7,C,P,Y 9 ,JAMES #a#i#h#f3#h#a74 ,!Y BECAME ! GU>D DOGS ( ! 0NEW0 SY/EM1 :OSE TASK WAS TO SECURE WORK DISCIPL9E & WORK+ CLASS OB$I5CE4 ,:5 IT CAME TO 9CREAS+ ! SPE$ ( PRODUCTION1 ! ,YUGOSLAV LEAD]%IP US$ ,SOVIET ME?ODS :I* HAD BE5 PROV5 9 PRACTICE1 SU* AS ,/AKHANOVISM.<#e.>4 ,ONE SU* EXP]I5CE IS DESCRIB$ 9 A BOOK ,PRVI RADNICKI SAVJET 75G4 ,FIR/ ,WORK]S ,C\NCIL2 #a#i#h#e7 BY ,DRAGUT9 ,GRGUREVIC1 :I* DESCRIBESS H[ WORK]S :O RAIS$ PRODUCTION LEVELS W]E REW>D$ MU* 9 ! SAME WAY AS ,SOVIET ,/AKHANOVITES4 ,( C\RSE1 PRODUCTION WAS ORGANIZ$ ON ! PR9CIPLE ( HI]>*Y 9 PRODUCTION4 ,?IS CONT9U$ ) ! #aidg ,FIR/ ,FIVE-,YE> ,PLAN :]E ,YUGOSLAV LEAD]%IP TALK$ ( 0UTILIZ+ WORK+ H\RS 74447 PROGRESSIVE PAYM5TS = WORK OV] & ABOVE ! NORM1 AS WELL AS A SY/EM ( PREMIUMS = 5G9E]+ & TE*NICAL /AFFS0 7,C,P,Y 9 ,JAMES #a#i#h#f3#h#d71 9C5TIVE PAY = ! BUREAUCRACY 9 ORD] TO 9SPIRE !M TO 9T5SIFY EXPLOITATION ( WORK]S1 ETC4 ,9 %ORT1 ! ,C,P,Y WAS A REGUL> RUN-(-!-MILL ,/AL9I/ P>TY4 ,& IT WAS REALLY ONE ( ! F9E/ EXAMPLES ( ,/AL9I/ P>TIES4 ,AS ,C4,L4,R4 ,JAMES PUT IT1 0,TITOISM HAS BE5 ABLE TO A*IEVE 9 A FEW %ORT YE>S ! C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y CLIMAX :I* IT TOOK ,/AL9 NE>LY TWO DECADES TO ACCOMPLI%07,JAMES #a#i#h#f3#g#i74 ,ACCORD+ TO HIM1 ,/AL9 HAD TO /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! REMA9S ( ! REVOLUTION>Y ,BOL%EVIK TRADITION1 :ILE ,TITO & HIS FOLL[]S HAD ONLY TO PL$GE !IR LOYALTY TO HIM & !Y C\LD EASILY JU/IFY ALL ! POLICIES = :I* ,/AL9 HAD TO /RUGGLE = DECADES4 ,GOOD EXAMPLES ( ?AT >E ! CREATION ( 0\R PEOPLE'S1 \R SOCIALI/ 9TELLIG5TSIA0 7,JAMES #a#i#h#f3#h#c71 :I* ,/AL9 MANAG$ TO PUT 9TO ! #aicf ,CON/ITUTION ( ,SOVIET ,UNION1 :ILE ,TITO DID SO AFT] A FEW YE>S 9 P[]4 ,/ILL1 EV5 TODAY1 MANY ,M>XI/S & DIFF]5T K9DS ( LEFTI/S D5Y ! FACT ?AT ,TITOSIM WAS ANY?+ BUT A NATIONAL V]SION ( ,/AL9ISM IMPLI$ TO ,YUGOSLAVIA1 AS ,MAOISM WAS ,*9ESE ,/AL9ISM OR ,HOXHAISM WAS ,ALBANIAN4 ,?AT PRETTY MU* PUTS ! IDEA ( 0SOCIALISM 9 ONE C\NTRY0 UND] ! EYEGLASS--ESPECIALLY ITS 9ABILITY TO BR+ COMMUNISM AS IT1 FUNNILY 5\<1 DEVELOPS QUITE ANTI-COMMUNI/ S5TIM5TS4 ,BUT TO \R ,M>XI/S & LEFTI/S1 ,TITOISM IS SOME?+ SPECIAL & 9SPIR+1 BECAUSE ( ! CONFLICT BETWE5 ! ,C,P,Y & ,C,P,S,U 9 #aihd :I* RESULT$ 9 ! ,C,P,Y BE+ EXPELL$ FROM ! ,COM9=M & DEVELOP+ ITS 0[N0 IDEOLOGY ( SOCIALI/ SELF-MANAGEM5T4 ,9 ! NEXT P>T ( ! >TICLE1 ,I'LL EXAM9E ! ,YUGOSLAV CONFLICT ) ,/AL9 & ! REASONS = DEVELOPM5T ( ! IDEOLOGY ( SOCIALI/ SELF-MANAGEM5T :I* LAT] BECOME KN[N AS ,TITOISM4 ,C,O,N,F,L,I,C,T ,) ,/,A,L,9 ,& ,B,E,G,9,+ ,( 0,D,E,/,A,L,9,A,S,A,T,I,O,N0 ,AFT] ! ,SECOND ,WORLD ,W>1 ! ,C,P,Y WASN'T ! ONLY P>TY :I* FOLL[$ ! 0,SOVIET MODEL40 ,! ,COMMUNI/ P>TIES ( ,CZE*OSLOVAKIA1 ,POL&1 ,ROMANIA1 ,BULG>IA & ,ALBANIA FOLL[$ ! SAME POLICIES AFT] !Y CONQU]$ P[] 9 !IR C\NTRIES4 ,9 ,SEPTEMB] ( #a#i#d#g1 ! ,C,P,S,U1 9 ! ABS5CE ( ! ,COM9T]N :I* ,/AL9 HAD %UT D[N 9 #a#i#d1 CREAT$ AN 9T]NATIONAL POLITICAL BODY :I* CONSI/$ ( N9E COMMUNI/ P>TIES CALL$ ! ,9=MATION ,BUREAU ( ! ,COMMUNI/ & ,WORK]S' ,P>TIES 7,COM9=M74 ,AT ! F\ND+ CONGRESS ( ! ,COM9=M1 ,&REI ,ZHDANOV MADE A SPEE* 9 :I* HE SAID ?AT TODAY'S WORLD WAS DIVID$ 9TO TWO 0CAMPS0--! WE/]N IMP]IALI/1 ) ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES ( ,AM]ICA 7,U,S,A7 AS ITS LEAD] & ! SOCIALI/1 ) ! ,SOVIET ,UNION AS ITS LEAD]4 ,:5 IT CAME TO ! 0O!R0 SIDE1 ! ,U,S,A CAME \T ) ! ,TRUMAN ,DOCTR9E 9 ,M>* ( #a#i#d#g1 ACCORD+ TO :I* ! ,U,S,A W\LD GIVE TO EV]Y C\NTRY1 :I* WAS ?REAT5$ BY COMMUNISM1 MILIT>Y1 TE*NICAL & F9ANCIAL HELP4 ,! SAME YE>1 ! ,U,S,A CAME \T ) ! ,M>%ALL ,PLAN1 ACCORD+ TO :I* ! ,U,S,A W\LD GIVE F9ANCIAL HELP TO ,EUROPEAN C\NTRIES 9 ORD] TO HELP !M DEVELOP !IR DEF5SIVE CAPABILITIES AGA9/ ! ,SOVIET ,UNION & 9 ORD] TO HELP !M MA9TA9 /ABILITY1 I4E4 TO DE/ROY WORK+ CLASS RESI/ANCE4 ,9 ?IS E>LY POLITICAL POL>IZATION1 ,YUGOSLAVIA /UCK /RONGLY TO ! ,SOVIET ,UNION4 ,9 ! DIPLOMATIC BATTLE = ,TRIE/E & ,I/RIA1 ! ,C,P,Y WAS C\NT+ ON /RONG ,SOVIET SUPPORT1 AS WAS ALSO ! CASE ) ! FIR/ ,FIVE ,YE> ,PLAN 7#a#i#d#g-#a#i#e#a74 ,! LEAD]%IP ( ! ,C,P,Y WAS SO LOYAL TO ! ,SOVIET ,UNION ?AT ,$V>D ,K>DELJ ONCE SAID TO ! ,SOVIET AMBASSADOR ?AT ! ,YUGOSLAV LEAD]%IP SAW ,YUGOSLAVIA AS ONE ( ! ,SOVIET ,UNION'S FUTURE /ATES1 ( C\RSE ?R\< ECONOMIC & POLITICAL CONTRACTS4 ,?IS IS :Y1 :5 ! ,C,P,Y WON P[] 9 ,YUGOSLAVIA1 ! P>TY LEAD]%IP =C$ 9TEGRATION ) ! ,SOVIET ,UNION MU* FA/] & BROAD] ?AN ! ,SOVIET ,UNION 9ITIALLY DEM&$4 ,?IS 9TEGRATION HAD ITS /ATI/1 POLITICAL-ECONOMIC & CULTURAL ASPECTS1 & ! BEG9N+ ( 9TEGRATION WAS CONFIRM$ ) ! ,CONTRACT AB\T FRI5D%IP1 MUTUAL AID & PO/W> COOP]ATION ( ,YUGOSLAVIA & ,SOVIET ,UNION .<#f.> SIGN$ ON ,APRIL #a#a? #a#i#d#e4 ,SIMIL> CONTRACTS W]E SIGN$ ) ALL ,SOVIET SATELLITES4 ,AT ! ,C,P,Y'S DEM&1 ! ,SOVIET ,UNION HAD S5T NUM]\S EXP]TS TO ,YUGOSLAVIA1 BO? CIVIL & MILIT>Y1 :I* W]E PLAC$ 9 IMPORTANT POSITIONS )9 ! ,YUGOSLAV >MY1 POLICE1 ECONOMY & /ATE APP>ATUS4 ,BUT SOON ?IS 0,SOVIET-,YUGOSLAV IDYLL0 W\LD COME TO AN 5D4 ,T5SIONS FIR/ ROSE DUR+ ! ,TRIE/E CRISIS1 9 :I* ,YUGOSLAVIA WAS 9 A DISPUTE ) ,ITALY & ! ,WE/ ON ! DEL9EATION ( BORD]S 9 ,I/RIA & ,SLOV5IA & = ! T[N ( ,TRIE/E4 ,ON ,M>* #a#h? #a#i#d#h1 ,/AL9 HAD )DRAWN ! ,SOVIET EXP]TS :O W]E WORK+ ON RESOLV+ ! DISPUTE4 ,)\T ,SOVIET BACKUP1 ! ,YUGOSLAV POLITICAL POSITION WAS 9CR$IBLY WEAK5$4 ,! DAY AFT]1 ! ,TRIP>TITE DECL>ATION WAS SIGN$1 9 :I* ! ,FREE ,T]RITORY ( ,TRIE/E WAS ASSIGN$ TO ,ITALY4 ,! SECOND T5SIONS W]E RELAT$ TO ,YUGOSLAV SUPPORT = ! ,GREEK P>TISANS 7#a#i#d#f-#a#i#d#i74 ,NAMELY1 ! ,C,P,Y WANT$ TO CREATE A SO-CALL$ ,BALKAN ,F$]ATION & IT WAS DISCUSS+ IT ) ! ,C,P'S ( ,ALBANIA & ,BULG>IA4 ,GREECE WAS ALSO SUPPOS$ TO BE P>T ( ! ,BALKAN ,F$]ATION1 :I* IS ! REASON :Y ,YUGOSLAVIA SUPPORT$ ! ,GREEK ,C,P & ITS P>TISANS 9 !IR UPRIS+4 ,?IS SUPPORT WAS MA9LY LOGI/ICAL1 BUT ALSO ECONOMIC & MILIT>Y4 ,9 ?IS /RUGGLE1 ,YUGOSLAVIA WAS ALSO C\NT+ ON ! HELP ( ! ,SOVIET ,UNION1 BUT ! LEAD]%IP ( ! ,C,P,Y DID NOT KN[ AB\T AN AGREEM5T BETWE5 ! ,SOVIET ,UNION & ,GREAT ,BRITA9 FROM ,OCTOB] ( #a#i#d#d4 ,ACCORD+ TO ?AT AGREEM5T1 ,GREECE WAS P>T ( ! ,BRITI% 9T]E/ ZONE & ! ,BRITI% GOV]NM5T HELP$ ,GREEK ROYALI/ =CES 9 !IR FIDS ITS SATELLITES4 ,!Y W]E CREAT$ FROM JO9T CAPITAL--I4E4 ,SOVIET CAPITAL PLUS CAPITAL ( ! SATELLITE C\NTRY 9 :I* AN 5T]PRISE WAS OP5$--BUT MO/ ( ! PR(ITS W]E S5T = RECON/RUCTION ( ! ,SOVIET ,UNION4 ,BECAUSE ( ITS OBJECTIONS TO ,SOVIET WI%ES1 ! ,SOVIET LEAD]%IP ACCUS$ ! LEAD]%IP ( ! ,C,P,Y ( 0LACK+ ( 9T]NATIONALISM40 ,?IS CONFLICT HIT ! CEIL+ ) A ,RESOLUTION ( ! ,COM9=M FROM ,JULY #b#h? #aidh :I* /AT$ ?AT ,TITO WAS 0A *AMPION ( ,WE/]N P[]S10 ?AT !RE WAS A NE$ = *ANG+ ! LEAD]%IP ( ! ,C,P,Y & A RETURN ( ! ,C,P,Y TO ! L9E ( ,M>XISM-,L59ISM4 ,9 A /ATE ( QUIET %OCK1 AT ! #e? ,P>TY'S CONGRESS1 ! ,YUGOSLAV LEAD]%IP GAVE ITS SUPPORT TO ,TITO & HIS CLIQUE & VOT$ AGA9/ ! ,RESOLUTION4 ,?IS CAUS$ AN ESCALATION 9 ! CONFLICT BETWE5 ! ,SOVIET ,UNION & ,BULG>IA & ,ALBANIA1 ON ONE SIDE1 & ,YUGOSLAVIA1 ON ! O!R4 ,JU/ A FEW YE>S AFT] ! ,SECOND ,WORLD ,W>1 ,YUGOSLAVIA F\ND ITSELF FAC$ ) ANO!R POSSIBLE CONFLICT4 ,BUT = ,/AL91 MILIT>Y 9T]V5TION WAS ! LA/ OPTION4 ,HE TRI$ TO SECURE HIS HEGEMONY ?R\< ,C,P,Y CADRE :I* /ILL PL$G$ ITS LOYALTY TO HIM & :I* OPPOS$ DECISIONS FROM ! ,C,P,Y'S CONGRESS & SUPPORT$ ! ,RESOLUTION4 ,!SE PEOPLE W]E KN[N 9 ,YUGOSLAVIA AS 0IBEOVCI0 & 0,/AL9I/S0.<#g.> & !Y W]E REPRESS$ & P]SECUT$ BY ! ,YUGOSLAV SY/EM1 :I* CULM9AT$ ) ! OP5+ ( TWO CONC5TRATION CAMPS = !M CALL$ 0,GOLI OTOK0 & 0,SVETI ,GRGUR0.<#h.>4 ,CONFLICT ) ! ,SOVIET ,UNION PU%$ ,YUGOSLAVIA 9TO ISOLATION FROM ! RE/ ( ! 0COMMUNI/0 WORLD4 ,SOVIET EXP]TS )DREW FROM ,YUGOSLAVIA2 ! ADM9I/RATIVE SY/EM COLLAPS$ BECAUSE ( ISOLATION2 ! ECONOMIC CRISIS 9T5SIFI$1 & !RE W]E GREAT DANG]S ( SOCIAL UNRE/ 9SPIR$ BY BO? IDEOLOGICAL & ECONOMIC REASONS4 ,! NE$ = A !ORETICAL EXPLANATION ( ! CONFLICT1 ALONG ) ! GREAT] ECONOMIC & POLITICAL CRISIS ( ,YUGOSLAV SY/EM1 RESULT$ 9 :AT ,YUGOSLAV REGIME HI/ORIANS CALL$ 0REVIEW+ ( ,M>XISM-,L59ISM & ORGANIZ+ ( 'SOCIALISM 9 ONE C\NTRY'07,BIL&ZIC #a#i#g#d74 ,ACCORD+ TO ,BIL&ZIC1 ! ,C,P,Y'S 9TELLIG5TSIA TURN$ TO ! WORKS ( ,M>X1 ,5GELS & ,L591 ESPECIALLY ,M>X'S WRIT+S ON ! ,P>IS ,COMMUNE & ,L59'S ,/ATE & ,REVOLUTION4 ,?R\< ?IS1 ! ,C,P,Y TRI$ TO 0PROVE0 H[ IT WAS /ILL ON 0! L9E0 ( ,M>XISM-,L59ISM & H[ IT WAS CRITICIZ+ 0,/AL9ISM0 & ! ,SOVIET ,UNION FROM ?AT POSITION4 ,!Y >GU$ ?AT /ATE [N]%IP ( ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION IS ! L[E/ =M ( PUBLIC [N]%IP & IT WAS REALLY IMPORTANT TO TRANSC5D IT AS SOON AS POSSIBLE BECAUSE IT CAN LEAD TO BUREAUCRATISM1 I4E4 ! BUREAUCRACY CONTROLL+ SURPLUS VALUE &1 BY ?AT1 TO ! DEG5]ATION ( 0SOCIALI/ SOCIETY40 ,!Y SAW ! BIGGE/ PROBLEM 9 ! ,SOVIET ,UNION PRECISELY 9 BUREAUCRATISM1 I4E41 9 ! GR[? ( A BUREAUCRATIC MA*9]Y1 :I* ALL[S BUREAUCRACY TO =M QUICKLY & TO USURP ! RI*ICAL ORGANIZATION 9SIDE ( 5T]PRISES4 ,ONE ( ! FIR/ 9DICATIONS ( ! NEW IDEOLOGICAL-POLITICAL CONCEPTIONS WAS ,$V>D ,K>DELJ'S REPORT ,ON PEOPLES DEMOCRACY 9 ,YUGOSLAVIA .<#i.> 7#a#i#d#i7 SUBMITT$ ON ,MAY #b#h? #aidi TO ! ,NATIONAL ,ASSEMBLY ( ,F$]AL ,PEOPLE'S ,REPUBLIC ( ,YUGOSLAVIA DUR+ ! 5VISION ( ,PEOPLES COMMITTEE ACT .<#a.>4 ,9 ?IS REPORT1 ,K>DELJ WAS WRANGL+ ) ! 0,/AL9I/0 UND]/&+ ( P[] 9 SOCIALI/ C\NTRIES & HE WAS ADVOCAT+ FUR!R DEMOCRATIZATION & A GREAT] ROLE ( ! MASSES3 0,!RE'S NO P]FECT BUREAUCRATIC APP>ATUS1 NO MATT] :AT K9D ( G5IUS LEAD]%IP /OOD AT ! HELM1 :I* CAN BUILD SOCIALISM4 ,SOCIALISM CAN ONLY GR[ FROM ! 9ITIATIVE ( MASSES ( MILLIONS ) ! RIIAN P>TY4 ,?US1 ! DEVELOPM5T ( SOCIALISM CANNOT GO ANY O!R WAY ?AN ! WAY ( CON/ANT DEEP5+ ( SOCIALI/ DEMOCRACY 9 ! S5SE ( GREAT] SELF-GOV]N+ ( ! MASSES ( PEOPLE1 9 ! S5SE ( !IR GREAT] ATTRACTION T[>DS ! WORK ( ! /ATE MA*9]Y--FROM L[E/ ORGANS TO HITICIPATION 9 DIRECT MANAG+ 9 EV]Y S+LE 5T]PRISE1 9/ITUTION ETC40 7,K>DELJ 9 ,BIL&ZIC #a#i#i#i3#c#a#f74 ,K>DELJ ALSO EMPHASIZ$ ,M>X & ,5GELS' ANALYSIS ( ! ,P>IS ,COMMUNE :I* PO9T$ \T ! DANG] ( BUREAUCRATISM AFT] ! PROLET>IAT'S VICTORY OV] ! B\RGEOISIE 9 ! REVOLUTION1 BUT ALSO ! 0ME?ODS0 :I* ! PROLET>IAT CAN USE TO SECURE ITSELF AGA9/ BUREAUCRATISM4 ,!SE 0ME?ODS0 >E ELECTABILITY & *ANGEABILITY ( ALL (FICIALS1 A WAGE SY/EM :I* WILL PREV5T FIDS ! /ATE APP>ATUS1 9 ! WAY1 AS ,K>DELJ P>APHRAS$ ,L591 ?AT EV]YONE WILL BE A 0BUREAUCRAT0 = ONE P]IOD ( TIME & BY DO+ ?AT NOBODY WILL BE ABLE TO BECOME A BUREAUCRAT4 ,?IS REPORT GAVE A SKET* = ! IDEA ( SOCIALI/ SELF-MANAGEM5T4 ,ON ,NOVEMB] #b#c1 #aidi ,BORIS ,KIDRIC & ,DURO ,SALAJ SIGN$ ,9/RUCTION ON =M+ & WORK ( WORK]S C\NCILS .<#a#a.> 9 :I* IT WAS SAID ?AT WORK]S' C\NCILS HAVE TO ACTIVELY P>TICIPATE 9 ! MAK+ ( ! MO/ IMPORTANT DECISIONS4 ,H[EV]1 ?IS DOCUM5T /AT$ ?AT SELF-MANAGEM5T %\LD BE 9TRODUC$ ONLY 9 ! BIGGE/ 5T]PRISES4 ,ON ,JUNE #b#g? #a#i#e1 WORK]S' SELF-MANAGEM5T WAS 9TRODUC$ BY LAW ) ! ,BASIC LAW ON MANAG+ ( /ATE 5T]PRISES & HI<] ECONOMIC ASSOCIATIONS BY WORK]S' COLLECTIVES .<#a#b.> 1 POPUL>LY CALL$ ,LAW ON GIV+ FACTORIES TO WORK]S TO MANAGE !M OR WORK]S' SELF-MANAGEM5T ACT 7,HOLJEVAC ,TUKOVIC #b#c3#a#c#b7 4 ,! FIR/ SECTION ( ?IS LAW GAVE US A VISION ( ,YUGOSLAV SELF-MANAGEM5T3 0,FACTORIES1 M9ES1 TRAFFIC1 TRANSPORT1 TRADE1 AGRICULTURAL1 =E/1 COMMUNAL & O!R /ATE 5T]PRISES1 ALONG ) O!R PEOPLE'S PROP]TY1 9 ! NAME ( COMMUNITY >E MANAG$ BY WORK]S' COLLECTIVES 9 ! FRAMEWORK ( /ATE PLAN1 ACCORD+ TO RI M&ATE1 :ILE C\NCIL MEMB]S W]E ABLE TO BE RECALL$ BE=E ! EXPIRY ( !IR M&ATE4 ,! WORK]S' C\NCIL CONSI/$ ( BETWE5 #ae & #ab MEMB]S1 EXCEPT 9 ! CASE ( 5T]PRISES :I* EMPLOY$ FEW] ?AN #c WORK]S1 :]E ! :OLE COLLECTIVE WAS ! C\NCIL4 ,IT HAD AN ELECT$ & REVOLV+ /E]+ COMMITTEE1 :OSE JOB WAS TO RUN ! 5T]PRISE & TO ANSW] TO ! WORK]S' C\NCIL & COMPET5T /ATE ORGANS4 ,! DIRECTOR WAS AN EX (FICIO MEMB] ( ! /E]+ COMMITTEE4 ,ANA ,HOLJEVAC ,TUKOVIC CLAIMS 9 H] >TICLE 0,SOCIO-ECONOMICAL RE=MS #a#i#e-#a#i#e#b & !IR REFLECTION ON ADM9I/RATION ( ,PEOPLES ,REPUBLIC ( ,CROATIA0 7#b#c7 ?AT AL?\< ! ,WORK]S SELF-MANAGEM5T ACT (FICIALLY ACKN[L$G$ FACTORY C\NCILS1 !IR P[]S W]E /ILL LIMIT$ BY ! ,P>TY4 ,OP]ATIONAL 9DEP5D5CE1 9 ?IS P]IOD1 WAS EX]CIS$ ONLY 9 ! FIELD ( TE*NOLOGICAL & EXP]T QUE/IONS1 :ILE ALL MAT]IAL QUE/IONS W]E DEP5D5T ON ! /ATE'S POLICY4 ,ONE MORE /EP T[>DS SOCIALI/ SELF-MANAGEM5T WAS E/ABLI%$ ) ! ,G5]AL ,LAW ON ,PEOPLE'S ,COMMITTEES FROM #a#i#e#b4 ,PEOPLE'S COMMITTEES W]E DEF9$ 9 ! FIR/ SECTION ( ! ,LAW AS 0LOCAL ORGANS ( /ATE P[] 74447 ORGANS ( PEOPLE'S SELF-MANAGEM5T 9 BOR\T ( ! /ATE4 ,SELF-MANAGEM5T IS M5TION$ 9 ! #bND SECTION ( ! ,LAW1 :I* SAYS ?AT P[] 9 ! ,F,P,R,Y BELONGS TO 0WORK+ PEOPLE0 :O PRACTICE IT ?R\< V>I\S ORGANS ( SELF-MANAGEM5T4 ,! #d? SECTION /ATES ?AT ! BASIS ( ! SOCIO-POLITICAL ORGANIZATION ( ,YUGOSLAVIA IS 0PUBLIC [N]%IP ( ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION1 PRODUC]S' SELF-MANAGEM5T 9 ! ECONOMY & SELF-MANAGEM5T ( WORK+ PEOPLE 9 BOR\T IS AB\T ! RITICIPATE 9 ! 0EX]CIS+ ( P[]0 ?R\< REF]5DUMS1 VOT]S' COMMITTEES1 CITIZ5 C\NCILS ETC4 ,BECAUSE ( !SE TWO1 ECONOMICAL & MUNICIPAL1 =MS ( SELF-MANAGEM5T1 ! ,YUGOSLAV ,F$]AL ,NATIONAL ,ASSEMBLY HAD TWO HOMES3 ! ,F$]AL ,C\NCIL & ! ,PRODUC]S' ,C\NCIL4 ,ONE ( ! BE/ EXAMPLES ( ! ,C,P,Y'S !ORETICAL EXPLANATION ( ! 0NEW PA?0 CAN BE F\ND 9 ,BIL&ZIC'S >TICLE 0,SELF-,MANAGEM5T #a#i#e-#a#i#g#d0 7#a#i#g#d7 :]E HE CLAIMS ?AT1 BECAUSE ( FOLL[+ ! 0,/AL9I/0 MODEL1 ! ,C,P,Y F\ND ITSELF AT A CROSSROADS :]E IT HAD TO *OOSE BETWE5 A BUREAUCRATIC & C5TRALI/ SY/EM ( MANAGEM5T & ! 0REVOLUTION>Y 5?USIASM ( ! MASSES40 ,ACCORD+ TO HIM1 ! ,C,P,Y TOOK ! SIDE ( ! MASSES ) ITS IDEA ( ! TRANS=MATION ( REVOLUTION>Y SOCIALI/ /ATISM 9TO SELF-MANAG+ SOCIALISM & ) A RESURRECTION ( ,M>XI/ POSITIONS ON ! /ATE4 ,HE WROTE H[ ! 0NEW QUALITY 74447 WAS 9 ! FACT ?AT ! ,C,P,Y SWIT*$ FROM !ORY 9TO REVOLUTION>Y PRAXIS BY SAY+ ?AT ! PROCESS ( WI!R+ AWAY ( ! /ATE CANNOT BE PROLONG$ = ! FUTURE--AS ,/AL9 US$ TO SAY--BUT IT MU/ />T RI ,/OJANOVIC1 ONE ( ! MEMB]S ( ! ,YUGOSLAV ,M>XI/-,HUMANI/.<#a#c.> GR\P ,PRAXIS1 /AT$ 9 HIS >TICLE 0,FROM ,PO/-,REVOLUTION>Y ,DICTATOR%IP TO ,SOCIALI/ ,DEMOCRACY0 7#a#i#g#a7 ?AT 0!RE IS NO REAL EVID5CE ?AT ! HI/ORICAL PROCESS ( ! WI!R+ AWAY ( ! /ATE & TRANSC5D+ ( POLITICS AS ALI5AT$ P[] DOM9AT$ BY PR(ESSIONAL GR\PS />T$ .<9 ,YUGOSLAVIA.>0 7,/OJANOVIC #a#i#g#b3#c#h#e71 & HE CONT9U$1 0IT IS REALLY NAIVE TO BELIEVE 9 ?AT ! /ATE />T$ TO DIE \T :5 ! ,P>TY IS /ILL RUL+0 7,/OJANOVIC #a#i#g#b3#c#h#f74 ,HE CLAIM$ ?AT ! ,YUGOSLAV POLITICAL CRISIS1 :I* HAPP5$ 9 ! #fS & #gS1 WAS ROOT$ 9 ! 9ABILITY TO RADICALLY 0DE/AL9IZE0 ,YUGOSLAVIA4 ,IF WE EXP& ,/OJANOVIC'S CRITIQUE ) A LITTLE BIT ( ,M>XI/ CLASS ANALYSIS1 WE CAN NOTICE A C]TA9 0,YUGOSLAV OXYMORON40 ,ON ! ONE H&1 WE HAVE ! ,YUGOSLAV E/ABLI%M5T'S ATTACK ON ! BUREAUCRATISM ( 0,/AL9ISM0 & ! ALI5ATION ( ! ,SOVIET 9TELLIG5TSIA FROM ITS BASE1 CALLS = DE-PR(ESSIONALIZATION ( POLITICS & ! WID] 9CLUSION ( ! MASSES 9 ! POLITICAL PROCESS1 ESPECIALLY 9 ! ECONOMY1 BUT AT ! SAME TIME ! ,P>TY ACCUMULAT$ TOTAL POLITICAL P[]1 :I* /R5G!N$ ITS /ATE APP>ATUS1 ESPECIALLY ITS REPRESSIVE FUNCTIONS AGA9/ ! WORK+ CLASS & POLITICAL 5EMIES4 ,?IS 0,YUGOSLAV OXYMORON0 WILL BE EXAM9$ 9 A FUTURE TEXT1 ALONG ) ! :OLE SY/EM ( SELF-MANAGEM5T & ITS CLASS *>ACT]4 ,Y,U,G,O,S,L,A,V ,S,E,L,F-,M,A,N,A,G,E,M,5,T ,9 ,P,R,A,C,T,I,C,E ,*>LES ,L9DBLOM 9 HIS BOOK ,POLITICS & ,M>KETS 7#a#i#g#g7 D$ICATES 5TIRE *APT] TO 0,YUGOSLAV 9NOVATIONS10 I4E4 SO CALL$ M>KET SOCIALISM4 ,FUNNILY 5\<1 ,L9DBLOM EXPLA9S :Y ,YUGOSLAVIA DEVELOP$ M>KET SOCIALISM BY US+ ,TITO'S EXPLANATION :]E ,TITO IS ACTUALLY P>APHRAS+ ,ADAM ,SMI?'S ,! ,WEAL? ( ,NATIONS REG>D+ ! DIVISION ( LABOR 9 :I* HE F\ND ! FUNDAM5TALS ( M>KET SOCIALISM3 0BACKW>D1 WEAK & SMALL 5T]PRISES CANNOT P>TICIPATE 9 ! 9T]NATIONAL DIVISION ( LABOR4 ,?AT IS :Y 9TEGRATION & COMPLETE SPECIALIZATION 9 PRODUCTION >E NECESS>Y SO ?AT PRODUCTION CAN BE AS 9EXP5SIVE AS POSSIBLE1 ( ! WIDE/ POSSIBLE ASSORTM5T1 & ( ! HIT$ TO REPLACE C5TRAL DIRECTION ) SUB/ANTIAL C5TRAL DIRECTION 9T]MIX$ ) M>KET DIRECTION1 UNTIL #aife :5 A MAJOR RE=M WAS IMPLEM5T$4 ,HE CLAIMS ?AT1 S9CE !N1 C5TRAL ADM9I/RATIVE CONTROL 9 ,YUGOSLAVIA HAS BE5 0R\KET-ORI5T$ POLY>*IES.<#a#d.>0 7,L9DBLOM #a#i#g#g3#c#d74 ,C5TRAL ADM9I/RATIVE CONTROL IS NOT A*IEV$ ?R\< A C5TRAL PRODUCTION PLAN BUT BY 0AD HOC 9T]V5TIONS ?R\< TAXATION1 OCCASIONAL SUBSIDIES1 SPECIFIC REGULATIONS B9D+ ON P>TICUL> 9DU/RIES & BO? C5TRAL & 'NATIONAL' 7?AT IS1 PROV9CIAL7.<#a#e.> CONTROL OV] MAJOR NEW 9VE/M5T0 7,L9DBLOM #a#i#i#g3#c#d74 ,YUGOSLAV 5T]PRISES PRODUC$ :AT !Y F\ND PR(ITABLE TO PRODUCE4 ,! 5T]PRISE B\KET - BO? NATIONAL & 9T]NATIONAL4 ,:5 IT CAME TO ! NATIONAL M>KET1 ( C\RSE1 !RE W]E O!R 5T]PRISES :I* >E SELL+ C]TA9 COMMODITIES & 9PUTS :I* W]E US$ 9 ! PRODUCTION ( C]TA9 GOODS4 ,! 5T]PRISE R5T$ L& FROM ! GOV]NM5T1 BUT ALSO FROM PRIVATE [N]S4 ,ALSO1 IT HIR$ LABOR1 BUT IT IS IMPORTANT TO PO9T ?AT1 ABOVE ! M9IMUM WAGE1 WORK]S RECEIV$ 9COME 9 ! =M ( %>ES 9 PR(ITS1 :I*1 ( C\RSE1 DEP5D$ ON !IR WORK4 ,LIKE EV]Y O!R CAPITALI/ 5T]PRISE1 A ,YUGOSLAV 5T]PRISE MU/ COV] ITS CO/S1 LIKE ! M9IMUM LEVEL ( WAGES4 ,IT WAS FREE TO LOOK = NEW M>KETS1 TO E/ABLI% DIV]SITY ( PRODUCTION1 TO APPORTION ITS PR(ITS BETWE5 WAGES1 COLLECTIVE B5EFITS TO ITS WORK]S OR RE9VE/M5T 9 ! GR[? ( ! 5T]PRISE4 ,NEW 5T]PRISES C\LD BE />T$ BY ANY 9DIVIDUAL OR A GR\P2 EV5 ?\< USUALLY !Y W]E MO/LY OP5$ BY UNITS ( LOCAL SELF-GOV]NM5T OR EXI/+ 5T]PRISES4 ,AFT] F\ND+1 ALL 5T]PRISES - EXCEPT ?OSE SMALL PRIVATE ONES ) LESS ?AN FIVE EMPLOYES - W]E TURN$ TO 0SOCIAL [N]%IP40 ,ALSO1 C]TA9 ,YUGOSLAV 5T]PRISES W]E JO9$ TO C]TA9 =EIGN CORPORATIONS & HAD MIX$ P>TIAL 0SOCIAL [N]%IP0 FROM ! ,YUGOSLAV SIDE & P>TIAL PRIVATE [N]%IP4 ,TO FIIFF R$UCTION & REMOVAL ( IMPORT RE/RICTIONS4 ,IT IS IMPORTANT TO M5TION H[ ,YUGOSLAV LEGAL =MALISM EQUALIZ$ PRODUC]S & 9T]M$I>Y ORGANIZATIONS 7BANKS1 M>KETS1 =EIGN TRADE COMPANIES71 I4E4 0?OSE ?AT PRODUCE SURPLUS VALUE & ?OSE ?AT MANAGE ! DISPOSAL (SURPLUS VALUE 9 ! %APE ( MEANS ( PRODUCTION0 7,SUPEK #a#i#g#a3#c#e#e74 ,9 CONDITIONS ( M>KET COMPETITION1 ?AT L$ TO ! MONOPOLY ( 9T]M$I>Y ORGANIZATIONS4 ,IT IS ALSO IMPORTANT TO M5TION AGRICULTURE4 ,=M]LY COLLECTIVIZ$1 L>GE P>TS ( AGRICULTURE W]E N[ GIV5 TO PRIVATE HOLD+S & F>M]S4 #a-#a#e P]C5T ( >ABLE L& WAS 9 POSSESSION ( /ATE F>MS :I* W]E PROM95T 9 PROVID+ ! SUPPLIES = DOME/IC & =EIGN M>KETS4 ,?IS SUDD5 TURN>\ND FROM COLLECTIVE TO PRIVATE F>M+ WAS JU/IFI$1 AS ,L9DBLOM PUTS IT1 0AS AN EXP$I5T1 NECESS>Y UNTIL SU* TIME AS ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! COMMUNI/ NEW MAN W\LD ONCE AGA9 MAKE COLLECTIVE AGRICULTURE POSSIBLE07,L9DBLOM #a#i#g#g3#c#d#a74 ,TRADE UNIONS W]E IMPORTANT P>TICIPANTS 9 5T]PRISES1 (T5 COMPET+ ) WORK]S' C\NCILS4 ,YUGOSLAV HI/ORIANS & IDEOLOGUES (T5 LIK$ TO EMPHASIZE1 & SO DID ,L9DBLOM1 ?AT UNIONS & WORK]S' C\NCILS W]E 9/RUM5TS 0?R\< :I* EMPLOYES CAN DEF5D !IR [N OCCUPATIONAL 9T]E/S0 7,L9DBLOM #a#i#g#g3#c#d#a74 ,EV5 ,L9DBLOM ACKN[L$GES H[ !SE 9/ITUTIONS W]E 0/ILL ALSO AN 9/RUM5T ( P>TY & GOV]NM5T DIRECTION ( 5T]PRISES & ! WORK =CE0 7,L9DBLOM #a#i#g#g3#c#d#a74 ,TO JU/IFY ?IS !SIS1 WE CAN JU/ TAKE A LOOK AT /ATI/ICS HE PRES5T$4 ,BETWE5 #aieh & #a#i#f#f1 ALMO/ #ad /RIKES W]E REPORT$1 :ILE NONE HAS BE5 (FICIALLY REPORT$ S9CE #a#i#f#h4 ,DID WORK]S' /RUGGLES JU/ /OP BECAUSE ,YUGOSLAV SOCIETY REA*$ ! COMMUNI/ GOAL ( A CLASSLESS SOCIETY OR DID UNIONS JU/ FULFILL !IR 9/ITUTIONAL ROLE 9 CAPITALI/ SOCIETY--SUPPRESS+ WORK]S' /RUGGLES8 ,C]TA9 ANSW]S CAN BE F\ND 9 ,TITO'S TEXT 0,ON ,WORK]S' ,MANAG+ ,ECONOMIC ,5T]PRISES0 7#a#i#e71 :]E HE WRITES ?AT ! /ATE 9FLU5CE 9 ! ECONOMY DID NOT CASE TO EXI/1 BUT IT WAS WEAK5$ & IT CALLS ON WORK]S TO TAKE ON ITS FUNCTIONS4 ,TITO EMPHASIZES H[ ! /ATE WILL WI!R AWAY GRADUALLY & ! SPE$ ( ITS WI!R+ DEP5DS ON ! ADVANCE ( CULTURAL DEVELOPM5T4 ,CULTURAL DEVELOPM5T IS NECESS>Y BECAUSE BE=E ! 0REVOLUTION0 9 ,YUGOSLAVIA ! WORK+ CLASS DID NOT EXI/ 7SIC67 & AFT] 9DU/RIALIZATION ( UNDEVELOP$ P>TS ( ,YUGOSLAVIA WAS IMPLEM5T$ PEASANTS BECOME MEMB]S ( ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,BECAUSE ( ?AT1 IT IS IMPORTANT ?AT ! ,P>TY & /ATE $UCATE & RAISE PEASANTS ACCORD+ TO 0VALUES ( SOCIALISM10 SO ?AT !Y C\LD EVOLVE 9TO A NEW WORK+ CLASS & SELF-MANAGE PRODUCTION4 ,! LEAD+ ROLE 9 ?IS $UCATION ( WORK]S WAS UP TO ! UNIONS1 :I* DON'T HAVE TO /RUGGLE = WORK]S' RIY SO ?AT BUREAUCRATISM C\LD BE AVOID$1 BECAUSE A SY/EM 9 :I* TE*NOCRATS >E MANAG+ ! WORK+ CLASS IS 0! GREATE/ 5EMY ( SOCIALISM0 7,TITO #a#i#e3#b#c#b74 ,IT IS QUITE CLE> ?AT ! ,YUGOSLAV LEAD]%IP US$ UNIONS1 AS MASS ORGANIZATIONS ( ! WORK+ CLASS1 TO E/ABLI% SY/EMATIC CONTROL DEEPLY ROOT$ 9 WORKPLACES1 SO ?AT ANY K9D ( 9DU/RIAL OR CLASS UNRE/ WAS PREV5T$4 ,UNIONS W]E ALSO ALLIES ( ! POLITICAL =CES )9 ! ,LEAGUE ( ,COMMUNI/S ( ,YUGOSLAVIA.<#a#f.> :I* W]E FOND ( EXT5SIVE LIB]ALIZATION ( ! M>KET4 ,= EXAMPLE1 AT #a#i#e#g'S ,CONGRESS1 !Y'VE ASK$ = REMOVAL ( /ATE REGULATIONS1 L[] TAXES1 GREAT] AUTONOMY ( 5T]PRISE = 9VE/M5TS1 ETC4 ,Y\NG] P>TY CADRES W]E ALSO !IR /RONGE/ ALLIES1 S9CE !Y DID NOT HAVE ! EXP]I5CE ( ! ,SECOND ,WORLD ,W> OR ! REVOLUTION>Y WAVE ( ! #bS & !Y W]E 9CL9$ TO LIB]AL IDEAS4 ,HUNG>IAN AN>*I/ ,>PAD ,KOVACS WRITES ?AT BEH9D ! IDEA ( SELF-MANAGEM5T WAS ! BELIEF ?AT WORK]S %\LD SET !IR [N WORK DAY & DECIDE ! WAYS !Y'D PRODUCE SOME?+1 ETC41 BECAUSE1 ACCORD+ TO ,TITO1 ?AT WAS ! RIGE ( PLANN+ & IMPLEM5T+ ! PLAN4 ,! WORK]S' C\NCIL WAS SUP]IOR TO MANAG]S & IT C\LD *OOSE & RECALL ! /E]+ COMMITTEE OR ITS 9DIVIDUAL MEMB]S4 ,/E]+ COMMITTEES W]E MADE ( EXP]TS ?AT HAD PREVI\S MANAGEM5T EXP]I5CE & ! /ATE W\LD APPO9T !M TO C]TA9 5T]PRISES4 ,BE+ A MANAG] 9 A /E]+ COMMITTEE WAS P]MAN5T EMPLOYM5T1 :ILE WORK]S' C\NCILS EXCLUSIVELY CONSI/$ ( WORK]S EMPLOY$ 9 C]TA9 5T]PRISES4 ,:5 IT CAME TO ! PROCESS ( MANAG+ COMPANIES1 IF WE LOOK BEH9D ! IDEOLOGICAL CURTA9S UNFOLD$ BY ! ,L,C,Y1 5T]PRISES W]E MANAG$ BY MANAG]S & NOT WORK]S4 ,MANAG]S W]E SUBJECT TO P>TY CONTROL & !Y W]E 9/RUCT$ TO PURSUE PR(ITS4 ,!Y W]E ALSO SUBJECT$ TO CONTROL TR\< LOCAL GOV]NM5T1 BANKS1 9DU/RIAL *AMB]S1 PR(ESSIONAL ASSOCIATIONS & Y\? ORGANIZATIONS4 ,EV5 AS ! ,YUGOSLAV LEAD]%IP D5\NC$ ! ,SOVIET ,UNION = ITS BUREAUCRACY & M>K$ IT AS ONE ( ! BIGGE/ 5EMIES ( SOCIALI/ DEVELOPM5T 9 ALMO/ EV]Y TEXT1 BUREAUCRACY 9 ,YUGOSLAVIA FL\RI%$ ) ! 0NEW C\RSE40 ,! WORK]S' C\NCIL ELECTION ( ! /E]+ COMMITTEE WAS NO?+ BUT A M]E =MALITY & :ILE1 ON PAP]1 ! ,YUGOSLAV LEAD]%IP WAS CALL+ = WORK]S' P>TICIPATION 9 ! /E]+ COMMITTEES1 9 PRACTICE1 /E]+ COMMITTEES W]E PR(ESSIONALIZ$1 EMPLOY+ ONLY UNIV]SITY $UCAT$ LAWY]S & ECONOMI/S1 MAK+ = GREAT] DIFF]5CES BETWE5 WORK]S & MANAG]S4 ,HI]>*ICAL RELATIONS 9 PRODUCTIONS /ILL REMA9$4 ,9ITIALLY1 WAGE DIFF]5CES BETWE5 MANAG]S & WORK]S W]E #a3#c4#e BUT FROM #aifg !Y ROSE TO #a3#b4 ,9 SPITE ( ALL ?IS1 ,MI*AEL ,LEB[ITZ REMA9$ A FAN ( SELF-MANAGEM5T4.<#a#g.> ,I'D LIKE TO QUOTE A WORK] FROM A SELF-MANAG$ METALWORK FACTORY FROM ! NOR? ( ,CROATIA :OM ,I 9T]VIEW$ REG>D+ A /RUGGLE 9 :I* HE & HIS WORKMATES P>TICIPAT$4 ,:5 ,I ASK$ HIM AB\T P[] RELATIONS BETWE5 ! DIRECTOR & ! WORK]S' C\NCIL DUR+ ,SOCIALI/ ,YUGOSLAVIA1 HE REPLI$3 0,9 T]MS ( MANAG+1 !RE WAS A WORK]S' C\NCIL4 ,MEMB]S ( ! WORK]S' C\NCIL W]E ELECT$ FROM ! LI/1 & EV]Y?+ WAS ACCORD+ TO ! DICTATE ( ! ,L,C,Y & EV]Y WORK UNIT HAD ITS BRAN*4 ,! ,LEAGUE CAME ) SUGGE/IONS1 :I* MEANT ?AT NOBODY WAS ALL[$ TO PROTE/ AGA9/ !M4 ,I REMEMB] H[1 9 #a#i#h#g1 ,I WAS ! FIR/ :O PROTE/$ 9 ! FRONT ( WORK]S AGA9/ ! ,LEAGUE MAK+ DECISIONS AB\T :O W\LD REPRES5T US 9 ! WORK]S' C\NCIL OR 9 ! C5TRAL WORK]S' C\NCIL 74447 ,IT SEEM$ ?AT WORK]S LIK$ MY PROTE/ SO !Y ELECT$ ME = \R WORK]S' C\NCIL1 BECAUSE ,I WASN'T A MEMB] ( ! ,LEAGUE :I* UNTIL !N W]E ! ONLY ELIGIBLE PEOPLE4 ,WORK]S W]E MOTIVAT$ BY ?IS /ATEM5T ( M9E AS SOME K9D ( REBELLION AGA9/ ! REGIME OR :O KN[S :AT1 SO !Y ELECT$ ME & MANAGEM5T HAD TO ACCEPT ?AT4 ,?AT WAS ! FIR/ TIME ?AT WORK]S *OSE :O W\LD REPRES5T !M .<9 ?IS FACTORY.>4 ,IT WAS PRES5T$ TO WORK]S ?AT !Y >E MANAG+1 BUT !Y DID NOT4 74447 ,! DIRECTOR WAS1 ( C\RSE1 ! ,GOD - ! LAW1 & Y\ C\LDN'T GET TO ! DIRECTOR TO COMPLA91 BECAUSE ! PYRAMID WAS /RUCTUR$ 9 ?AT WAY4 ,Y\ C\LD ONLY SEE ! DIRECTOR IF HIS DRIV] DROVE BY Y\1 BUT O!RWISE !Y W]E ,GODS40 7,I,T,A,S #b#a#bA74 ,ALL ?IS IS PRETTY MU* SUMM>IZ$ BY ,SUSAN ,WOODW>D3 0A PRIM>Y GOAL ( ! 9TRODUCTION ( WORK]S C\NCILS 9 #a#i#d#i-#e WAS TO DEPRIVE ! UNIONS ( !IR B>GA9+ P[] 74447 ,ELECT$ REPRES5TATIVE ( SKILL$ PRODUCTION WORK]S W]E TO BE CONSULT$ BY MANAG]S ON H[ TO CUT LABOR CO/S4 ,! AIM WAS TO HAVE WORK]S ACCEPT LIMITS ON WAGES & B5EFITS )9 5T]PRISE NET REV5UE1 APPROVE CAPITAL 9VE/M5T EV5 IF !Y CUT 9TO 9COMES & SANCTION DISMISSAL ( WORK]S :5 REQUIR$ BY BUDGETS OR MOD]NIZATION PROGRAMS4 ,! ESS5CE ( SELF-MANAGEM5T 74447 WAS ?IS ATTEMPT TO 5=CE 9COMES POLICIES & F9ANCIAL DISCIPL9E )\T /ATE 9VOLVEM5T OR C5TRAL REGULATION0 7,WOODW>D #a#i#i#e3#b#f#a74 ,! ,L,C,Y1 9 ORD] TO IMPOSE BETT] CONTROL OV] 5T]PRISES1 OV] TIME EVOLV$ 9TO AN ORGANIZATION ( MANAG]S & TE*NOCRATS4 ,?AT MADE WORK]S REALLY SKEPTICAL AB\T JO9+ ! P>TY4 ,9 #a#i#f1 HALF ( ! ,LEAGUE CONSI/$ ( BUREAUCRATS :ILE WORK+ CLASS MEMB]S W]E ONLY ONE ?IRD4 ,9TRODUC$ 9 #a#i#e#b1 SELF-MANAGEM5T WAS FOLL[$ BY EXTREMELY RAPID GR[? & A RISE ( LIV+ /&>DS4 ,BETWE5 #ai$ & #a#i#f#d1 ,G,D,P 9CREAS$ ALMO/ #i P]C5T A YE>1 :I* PUT ,YUGOSLAVIA AMONG ! V]Y FA/E/ GR[+ ECONOMIES 9 ! WORLD 7,L9DBLOM #a#i#g#g3#c#d#b74 ,BUT :AT WAS BEH9D ?IS RAPID GR[?8 ,IT WAS A RAPID 9CREASE 9 MEANS ( PRODUCTION :I* WAS NOT FOLL[$ BY AN 9CREASE 9 MEANS ( CONSUMPTION4 ,WE C\LD COMP>E ! EXT5T ( ?IS GR[? ) ! ,U,S,S,R DUR+ ! ,NEW ,ECONOMIC ,POLICY 7#a#i#b#a-#a#i#b#h74 ,FROM ! #fS1 ,YUGOSLAVIA WAS FULLY OP5 T[>DS ! ,WE/]N M>KETS & IT MADE SEV]AL TRADE AGREEM5TS4 ,IT IS ALSO IMPORTANT TO NOTE ?AT ,YUGOSLAV DEC5TRALIZATION WAS HIY ,FUND 7,MUSIC #b#a3#a#h74 ,ONE ( ! BIG PROBLEMS ( ! ,YUGOSLAV ECONOMY WAS UNEMPLOYM5T4 ,9 #a#i#f#e1 UNEMPLOYM5T 9 ,YUGOSLAVIA WAS #h4#h P]C5T :I* WAS >\ND #c#b#f4 WORK]S4 ,TO SOLVE ?IS PROBLEM1 ,YUGOSLAV LEAD]%IP ALL[$ WORK]S TO EMIGRATE TO ,WE/]N ,EUROPE1 MO/LY ,WE/ ,G]MANY1 :I* HAD WORK =CE %ORTAGES4 ,! #fS M>K$ ! CRISIS ( 0,YUGOSLAV SOCIALISM40 ,UNTIL #a#i#g#b1 !RE W]E BIG /RUGGLES 9SIDE ,YUGOSLAVIA & ATTACKS ON ,TITO'S REGIME4 ,! REGIME WAS ATTACK$ FROM DIFF]5T FRONTS4 ,= EXAMPLE1 9SPIR$ BY ! WORLD'S REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5TS ( #aifh & ! WRIT+S ( ! ,PRAXIS GR\P1 ,YUGOSLAV /UD5TS D5I$ ! COMMUNI/ NATURE ( ,YUGOSLAVIA & DEM&$ 0FULL COMMUNISM02 9 ,KOSOVO1 ,ALBANIANS DEM&$ TO BE TREAT$ AS A 0NATION0.<#a#h.> & DEM&$ ?AT ,KOSOVO BE ACKN[L$G$ AS A ,YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC1 9/EAD ( PROV9CE2 9 ,CROATIA1 ! #gS W]E M>K$ BY A 0,CROATIAN SPR+0 NATIONALI/ MOVEM5T :I* DEM&$ FUR!R LIB]ALIZATION & ?AT MORE PR(ITS /AY 9 ,CROATIA1 I4E41 ON ! REPUBLIC 9/EAD ( ! F$]AL LEVEL4 ,AFT] !SE EV5TS1 ! ,P>TY WAS CLEANS$ ( NATIONALI/S1 LIB]ALS &1 MORE IMPORTANTLY1 ITS LEFT4 #a#i#g#d'S ,CON/ITUTION ACKN[L$G$ ! REPUBLICS AS ! MA9 BODY ( POLITICAL & ECONOMICAL DISCUSSION & NEGOTIATIONS )9 ! ,YUGOSLAVIA4 ,?IS MEANT ?AT1 AL?\< RHETORICALLY ! ,CON/ITUTION MADE SOME *ANGES 9 FAVOR ( 0REAL WORK]S' SELF-MANAGEM5T10 NATIONALI/-LIB]ALS WON A GREAT VICTORY 9 !IR BATTLE = ! GREAT] POLITICAL LIB]ALIZATION ( C\NTRY4 ,! REALLY IMPORTANT ?+ IS ?AT UNIONS & WORK]S' C\NCILS1 ESPECIALLY 9 !SE TIMES ( GREAT CRISIS 9 ,YUGOSLAVIA1 ALWAYS SID$ ) LIB]AL-NATIONALI/S :O ADVOCAT$ LIB]ALIZATION ( M>KET4 ,!Y DID ?AT BECAUSE !Y W]E SKEPTICAL T[>DS ! ,L,C,Y'S BUREAUCRATS & DIRECTORS !Y HAD TO DEAL ) 9 ! EV]YDAY LIFE ( !IR 5T]PRISE & !IR ATTEMPTS TO R$UCE !IR RIKET EFFICI5CY ) !IR MAXIM 0TO EA* ACCORD+ TO ITS WORK0 7,MUSIC #b#a3#a#h#e71 WORK]S BELIEV$ ?AT BY GIV+ GREAT] ECONOMICAL AUTONOMY TO ! REPUBLICS & ) GREAT] PR(IT /AY+ 9 !IR REPUBLIC1 !IR WAGES W\LD 9CREASE4 #aih WAS AN ESS5TIAL YE> = ,YUGOSLAVIA4 ,NOT JU/ BECAUSE ( ! WORLD OIL CRISIS1 BUT BECAUSE ,M>%ALL ,TITO DI$4 ,ALREADY 9 #a#i#h#a1 ! ,YUGOSLAV GOV]NM5T WAS ON ! V]GE ( BANKRUPTCY ) MORE ?AN #b MILLION DOLL>S DEBT 7,MUSIC #b#a3#a#h#g74 ,?AT L$ TO 0/ABILIZATION PROGRAMS0 ?AT 9CREAS$ COMPETITIV5ESS 9 ! WORLD M>KET1 BUT ALSO L$ TO A DECL9E 9 WAGES ( #c P]C5T4 ,CONSID]+ 0/ABILIZATION PROGRAMS10 IT IS IMPORTANT TO NOTE ?AT BETWE5 #aigi & #a#i#h#h1 ,YUGOSLAVIA SIGN$ SIX >RANGEM5TS ) ! ,I,M,F1 :I* LAT] CALL$ = AU/]ITY MEASURES1 L[]+ ( WAGES1 A FALL 9 PRODUCTION & 9 LIV+ /&>DS 7,LONC> #b#a#b3#a#b74 ,9 #a#i#h#h1 ,YUGOSLAVIA MANAG$ TO RETRIEVE ITS #a#i#fS /&>D1 BUT ! CRISIS ( ! SY/EM WAS /ILL 5ORM\S4 ,9 AN ECONOMY ORI5T$ T[>DS EFFICI5CY 9/EAD ( ! SATISFACTION ( HUMAN NE$S1 ! ,YUGOSLAV ELITE SAW A WAY \T ( ! CRISIS ONLY 9 ! SACK+ ( TWO MILLION WORK]S1 :ILE ,YUGOSLAVIA ALREADY HAD ONE MILLION UNEMPLOY$4 ,S9CE ! ELITE HAD NEV] MADE SU* DRA/IC MEASURES BE=E1 ! CRISIS CAUS$ 9DU/RIAL 9SURG5CY4 ,9 #a#i#h1 !RE W]E #bdg REGI/]$ /RIKES ) #a#c4#e#g WORK]S P>TICIPAT+1 :ILE EIS LAT]1 9 #a#i#h#h1 ! NUMB] ( REGI/]$ /RIKES ROSE TO #ahea ) #c#h#f4#a#b#c WORK]S P>TICIPAT+4 ,!SE /RIKES W]E NOT M]ELY PRODUCTS ( ECONOMIC /RUGGLE1 BUT ALSO POLITICAL ONES1 :]E WORK]S W]E AGA9 ALLIES ( LIB]AL-NATIONALI/S DEM&+ LIB]ALIZATION ( ECONOMICAL & POLITICAL SY/EM4 ,LIB]ALIZATION ( ! POLITICAL SY/EM1 & CONSEQU5TLY AB&ONM5T ( ! 0NO-M9ORITY-NO-MAJORITY0 PR9CIPLE1 TOGE!R ) ! DEM& = ! GREAT] ECONOMICAL AUTONOMY ( REPUBLICS1 LEAD TO ! DIS9TEGRATION & F9ALLY COLLAPSE ( ,YUGOSLAVIA4 ,S,O1 ,:,Y ,C,A,P,I,T,A,L,I,S,M8 ,TO CLAIM ?AT ! ,YUGOSLAV ECONOMY WAS NO?+ BUT CAPITALISM IS NOT ANY?+ NEW4 ,/AL9I/S ALL OV] ! WORLD W]E CLAIM+ ?AT S9CE ,TITO & ,/AL9 BROKE UP 9 #a#i#d#h4 ,ONE ( ! MO/ POPUL> TEXTS ON ?AT SUBJECT IS C]TA9LY ,IS ,YUGOSLAVIA ,A ,SOCIALI/ ,C\NTRY 7#a#i#f#c7 WRITT5 BY $ITORIAL DEP>TM5TS ( ! ,*9ESE PAP]S ,PEOPLE'S ,DAILY & ,R$ ,FLAG 9 #aifc AFT] ,NIKITA ,KHRU%*EV'S ,SOVIET ,UNION MOV$ T[>DS MORE FRI5DLY POLITICS :5 IT CAME TO ,YUGOSLAVIA4 ,! ,*9ESE ,/AL9I/S WROTE ?AT3 0ALL ,M>XI/-,L59I/S HOLD ?AT ,YUGOSLAVIA IS NOT A SOCIALI/ C\NTRY4 ,! LEAD+ CLIQUE ( ! ,LEAGUE ( ,COMMUNI/S ( ,YUGOSLAVIA HAS BETRAY$ ,M>XISM-,L59ISM & ! ,YUGOSLAV PEOPLE & CONSI/S ( R5EGADES FROM 9T]NATIONAL COMMUNI/ MOVEM5T & LACKEYS ( IMP]IALISM0 7 ,PEOPLE'S ,DAILY2 ,R$ ,FLAG #a#i#f#c3#a74 ,:ILE ?IS TEXT IS MO/LY DIRECT$ T[>DS ! ,SOVIET TURN 9 POLITICS & ,KHRU%*EV'S CALL+ ,YUGOSLAVIA AN 0'ADVANC$' SOCIALI/ C\NTRY0 7,P,D2 ,R,F #a#i#f#c3#b71 :AT MAKES ,YUGOSLAVIA CAPITALI/ CAN BE SUMM$ UP 9 ! EXI/5CE ( PRIVATE PROP]TY & ! AB&ONM5T ( AGRICULTURAL COLLECTIVIZATION1 ,YUGOSLAV DEP5D5CY ON ,U,S LOANS & ,U,S IMP]IALISM 9 G5]AL4 ,:ILE !SE ACCUSATIONS MAKE S5SE & C]TA9LY >E REFLECTIONS ( ,YUGOSLAVIA'S CAPITALI/ NATURE1 !Y REPRES5T A WEAK & SUP]FICIAL CRITIQUE1 :OSE ONLY PURPOSE WAS TO DEF5D ,/AL9ISM AS A POLITICAL IDEOLOGY1 BUT ALSO1 MORE IMPORTANTLY1 AS POLITICAL PRAXIS4 ,9 ?IS ANALYSIS1 ,I 9T5D TO PUT =W>D A MORE FUNDAM5TAL CRITIQUE ( ,YUGOSLAV CAPITALISM1 A CRITIQUE ?AT WILL ALSO 9CLUDE O!R ,/AL9I/ REGIMES4 ,REG>D+ IDEOLOGICAL JU/IFICATIONS ( ,YUGOSLAV ECONOMIC REALITIES1 ,YUGOSLAV COMMUNI/S CLAIM$ ?AT ! 0LAW ( VALUE WAS AN 'OBJECTIVE ECONOMIC LAW1' 9FLU5C+ SOCIALI/ SOCIETIES AS EQUALLY AS CAPITALI/ ONES0 7,MUSIC #b#a3#a#g#f74 ,ACCORD+ TO !M1 EV]Y ACTION AGA9/ ! LAW ( VALUE LEADS TO BUREAUCRATISM4 ,CONSEQU5TLY1 !Y BELIEV$ ?AT ! M>KET PLAY$ AN ESS5TIAL ROLE 9 0SOCIALI/ DI/RIBUTION10 S9CE 0EX*ANGE ?R\< ! M>KET1 GR\ND$ 9 ! LAW ( VALUE1 TOGE!R ) COLLECTIVE [N]%IP 74447 PROVID$ ! ONLY OBJECTIVE CRIT]ION = SOCIALI/ DI/RIBUTION0 7,MUSIC #b#a3#a#g#g74 ,BECAUSE ( 0SOCIAL PROP]TY10 ! WORK] IS NO LONG] ! ONE ?AT GETS A WAGE FROM ! /ATE1 BUT HE IS A P>T ( ! 5T]PRISE HE WORKS =4 ,WE CAN F9D !SE IDEAS SY/EMATICALLY DEVELOP$ 9 ! WORKS ( ,CROATIAN ECONOMI/ ,BRANKO ,HORVAT :O IS CONSID]$1 AL?\< HE EXPRESS$ /RONG DISAGREEM5TS ) ,YUGOSLAV DEVELOPM5T AFT] #a#i#gS1 ONE ( ! MO/ IMPORTANT ECONOMIC !ORETICIANS ( SELF-MANAGEM5T & M>KET SOCIALISM4 ,9 HIS BOOK ,A,B,C JUGOSLAV5SKOG SAM\PRAVLJANJA 75G4 ,A,B,C ( ,YUGOSLAV ,SELF-,MANAGEM5T1 #a#i#h#i7.<#a#i.>1 HE CRITICIZ$ ,YUGOSLAVIA = BE+ 0TOO /ATI/0 & PROPOS$ SOLUTIONS = ,YUGOSLAVIA TO REA* SOCIALISM4 ,ACCORD+ TO ,HORVAT1 /ATISM1 OR 0,/AL9ISM10 IS BAS$ UPON A MONOPOLY ( POLITICAL P[] &1 9 SU* SY/EMS1 CLASS EXPLOITATION COMES MA9LY ?R\< POLITICAL MEANS1 UNLIKE 9 CAPITALISM :]E ?IS P[] IS BAS$ ON PRIVATE PROP]TY & CLASS EXPLOITATION IS MA9LY ECONOMIC4 ,HIS SOLUTION IS SOCIALISM1 :I* HE DEF9ES AS3 0ORD] 9 :I* CONC5TRATION ( ECONOMICAL & POLITICAL P[] IS ABOLI%$ & ! POSSIBILITY = ABOLI%+ ECONOMICAL EXPLOITATION IS CREAT$4 ,9 ?AT S5SE1 SOCIALISM IS A SOCIETY ( EQUAL CITIZ5S4 ,9 AN 9/ITUTIONAL S5SE1 IT MEANS SOCIAL PROP]TY1 A M>KET CONTROLL$ BY A PLAN & A POLITICAL SY/EM )\T ! ,P>TY1 I4E41 RADICAL POLITICAL & ECONOMICAL DEMOCRACY & DIVISION ACCORD+ TO WORK0 7,HORVAT #a#i#h#i3#a#b74 ,= ,HORVAT1 SOCIALISM CANNOT EXI/ )\T SELF-MANAGEM5T4 ,9 ORD] = SELF-MANAGEM5T TO EXI/1 ! M>KET1 COMMODITY PRODUCTION1 DIVISION ( LABOR1 LAW ( VALUE ETC4 MU/ EXI/ OR1 AS HE PUTS IT )\T ANY ATTEMPT AT >GUM5T1 ! 0.KET.> IS NECESS>Y BECAUSE )\T A M>KET !RE'S NO SELF-MANAGEM5T1 & )\T SELF-MANAGEM5T !RE IS NO SOCIALISM0 7,HORVAT #a#i#h#i3#a#f74 ,:ILE DISCUSS+ ! 0SOCIALI/ M>KET0 HE CLAIMS ?AT 0COMMODITY PRODUCTION IS NOT CREAT+ CAPITALISM1 BUT ! REV]SE0 7,HORVAT #a#i#h#i3#a#e7 & H[ 0EV]Y SOCIO-ECONOMICAL =MATION HAD ITS [N TYPE ( M>KET :I* G5]AT$ SOCIO-ECONOMICAL RELATIONS ( ?AT =MATION0 7,HORVAT #a#i#h#i3#a#f74 ,ACCORD+ TO HIM1 WE %\LDN'T ASK \RSELVES IF WE %\LD ABOLI% ! M>KET1 LIKE OLD ,M>XI/S ) 0NAIVE VIEWS0 DID1 BUT :AT TYPE ( M>KET FITS SOCIALISM4 ,9 SELF-MANAGEM5T1 ONE ( ! MO/ IMPORTANT ?+S IS ! AUTONOMY ( WORK]S' COLLECTIVES4 ,! M>KET IS REALLY IMPORTANT BECAUSE IT IS A 0TOOL0 AGA9/ MONOPOLY AS HEAL?Y M>KET COMPETITION DE/ROYS IT4 ,/ILL1 M>KET COMPETITION PRODUCES A C]TA9 ALI5ATION1 :I* ,HORVAT SEES AS A NEGATIVE BUT 9EVITABLE \TCOME ( A M>KET SY/EM4 ,ANO!R 0NAIVE0 & 0*ILDI%0 IDEA IS TO ABOLI% ! LABOR M>KET4 ,9 SOCIALISM1 ! LABOR =CE IS AN ECONOMIC 9PUT & WORK]S 0ASSOCIATE !IR LABOR :]E IT IS ! MO/ PRODUCTIVE1 I4E4 :]E IS ! BIGGE/ 9COME0 7,HORVAT #a#i#h#i3#a#g74 0,9 ORD] = ! M>KET TO FUNCTION1 ! 9/ITUTION ( PROP]TY IS NECESS>Y1 BECAUSE ! BASIC PURPOSE ( ?AT 9/ITUTION IS TO REGULATE ! M>KET ( ECONOMIC VALUES0 7,HORVAT #a#i#h#i3#c#h74 ,SOCIAL PROP]TY IS A =M ( PROP]TY :I* IS NECESS>Y = SOCIALISM4 ,HORVAT WRITES ?AT !RE >E ?REE REASONS :Y SOCIAL PROP]TY DOES NOT EXPLOIT ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,FIR/1 0EV]Y MEMB] ( SOCIETY HAS A FULL RITICIPATE 9 ! MANAG+ ( PRODUCTION0 7,HORVAT #a#i#h#i3#b#i74 ,ALSO1 SOCIAL PROP]TY IMPLIES A DIVISION ACCORD+ TO WORK :]E 9COME BELONGS TO SOCIETY & AN 9DIVIDUAL CAN ONLY APPROPRIATE 9COME FROM WORK4 ,! WORK] IS EX*ANG+ ! FRUIT ( HIS LABOR ) SOCIETY = PRODUCTS ( ! SAME VALUE AS PRODUCTS HE US$ TO PRODUCE ?AT LABOR4 ,! M>KET IS ! ME*ANISM :I* GRADES 9DIVIDUALS' WORK CONTRIBUTION4 ,BUT AL?\< A SELF-MANAG+ SOCIALI/ SY/EM IS BAS$ UPON SOCIAL PROP]TY1 IT DOESN'T EXCLUDE O!R =MS ( PROP]TY SU* AS PRIVATE 0PROP]TY1 P>TN]%IP1 COOP]ATIVE PROP]TY1 CONTRACTUAL ORGANIZATION ( ASSOCIAT$ LABOR & COMMUNAL & /ATE PROP]TY0 7,HORVAT #a#i#h#i3#b#i74 ,( C\RSE1 PR(IT IS NOT ANY?+ ALI5 TO SOCIALISM1 BECAUSE :ILE ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM T5DS TO MAXIMIZE PR(ITS1 A SOCIALI/ SY/EM USES PR(IT TO SATISFY ! NE$S ( ITS CITIZ5S4 0,AS A SOCIAL CATEGORY1 PR(IT IS1 ! SAME AS A M>KET1 DEF9$ BY ! SOCIO-ECONOMIC SY/EM4 ,LOOK+ AT IT ANALYTICALLY1 PR(IT1 OR 9COME1 IS SIMPLY ! DIFF]5CE BETWE5 9COME & EXP5SES1 PRODUCTION'S VALUE & ITS CO/S0 & 0NE$S CAN BE MAXIMALLY SATISFI$ ONLY ) MAXIMIZATION ( PRODUCTION0 7,HORVAT #a#i#h#i3#a#g74 ,HORVAT'S MAXIM IS 0MAXIMIZATION ( DEMOCRACY ) MAXIMIZATION ( EFFICI5CY0 7,HORVAT #a#i#h#i3#b#a71 I4E41 IT IS NECESS>Y TO MAKE DECISIONS 9 DEMOCRATIC WAY 9 ORD] TO AVOID SABOTAGE & L[] PRODUCTIVITY4 ,HE IS APPLY+ A LIB]AL DEF9ITION ( DEMOCRACY ACCORD+ TO :I* DEMOCRACY IS DECISION MAK+ BY ! MAJORITY1 BUT ) ! 0ACKN[L$GM5T ( M9ORITY RIITY TO ! M>KET ECONOMY1 LIMIT+ M>KETS' DE/RUCTIVE FUNCTIONS4 ,NO WOND] ?AT ,]NE/ ,M&EL WROTE H[ ,HORVAT 0IS MU* MORE AN ADEPT ( ! ,CAMBRIDGE S*OOL ( WELF>E ECONOMICS ?AN A ,M>XI/0 7,M&EL #a#i#f#g74 ,BUT LET'S COMP>E ! (FICIAL POSITIONS ( ,YUGOSLAV ECONOMIC IDEOLOGY1 :I* >E C]TA9LY NOT ANY?+ NEW1 ) (FICIAL ,SOVIET IDEAS AB\T SOCIALISM 9 ECONOMIC PRACTICE4 ,9 HIS TEXT 0,ECONOMIC ,PROBLEMS ( ,SOCIALISM 9 ,U,S,S,R0 7#a#i#e#b71 :I* WAS ACTUALLY A SKET* = A ,SOVIET ECONOMICS TEXTBOOK1 ,/AL9 DEBATES ) C]TA9 0COMRADES0 :O DO NOT %>E HIS OP9IONS ON C]TA9 ECONOMIC LAWS & SOLUTIONS4 ,9 ?IS TEXT1 ,/AL9 CLAIMS ?AT ,5GELS' =MULA FROM ,ANTI-,DUHR+1 ACCORD+ TO :I* 0! MOM5T ?AT SOCIETY TAKES ! MEANS = PRODUCTION IT ITS H&S IT ABOLI%ES COMMODITY PRODUCTION & BY ?AT ! RULE ( PRODUCTS OV] PRODUC]S0 7,5GELS 9 ,/AL9 #a#i#h#a3#g#g71 ALONG ) ! ABOLITION ( C]TA9 ECONOMIC LAWS1 CANNOT BE APPLI$ TO ! ,SOVIET ,UNION1 BECAUSE IT HAD NOT DEVELOP$ ! 9DU/RIAL CAPACITIES = 0SOCIALI/ PRODUCTION40 ,?IS IS ! MA9 REASON :Y ! ECONOMIC LAWS ( CAPITALISM1 :I* ,/AL91 MU* LIKE ,HORVAT1 IS TRY+ TO PRES5T AS UNIV]SAL LAWS ( EV]Y ECONOMY1 /ILL EXI/ 9 ! ,SOVIET ,UNION4 ,ONE ( !SE LAWS IS ! LAW ( COMMODITY PRODUCTION1 :I* %\LDN'T1 ACCORD+ TO ,/AL91 BE CONNECT$ ) CAPITALI/ PRODUCTION & :I* CANNOT BE ABOLI%$4 0,CAPITALI/ PRODUCTION IS ! HIS 9 ! M>KET AS A COMMODITY :I* CAN BE B\E CONC5TRAT$ 9 PRIVATE H&S1 & :5 ! WORK]S >E B]EFT ( MEANS ( PRODUCTION & >E COMPELL$ TO SELL !IR LABOR P[] AS A COMMODITY4 ,)\T ?IS !RE IS NO SU* ?+ AS CAPITALI/ PRODUCTION40 7,/AL9 #a#i#h#a3#g#a7 ,ALSO1 S9CE COMMODITY PRODUCTION EXI/S1 ! LAW ( VALUE ALSO MU/ EXI/1 BECAUSE1 AS ,/AL9 SAYS3 0:]EV] COMMODITIES & COMMODITY PRODUCTION EXI/1 !RE ! LAW ( VALUE MU/ ALSO EXI/4 74447 ,IT EXI/$ BE=E CAPITALISM1 & IT /ILL EXI/S1 AS COMMODITY PRODUCTION1 AFT] ! COLLAPSE ( CAPITALISM4440 7,/AL9 #a#i#h#a3#g#a#c1#g#b#g74 ,9 SOCIALISM1 H[EV]1 ! LAW ( VALUE IS LIMIT$ BY ! 0SOCIAL0 PROP]TY ( ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION & BY SOCIAL PLANN+ ( ! ECONOMY4 ,! LAW ( VALUE IS1 BE=E ALL1 A BASIC LAW ( COMMODITY PRODUCTION4 ,! DIFF]5CE BETWE5 CAPITALI/ & SOCIALI/ COMMODITY PRODUCTION IS ?AT 0MONOPOLI/IC CAPITALISM DOESN'T DEM& ANY PR(IT1 BUT MAXIMUM PR(IT0 7,/AL9 #a#i#h#a3#g#b#h71 :ILE ! SOCIALI/ LAW ( VALUE IS DEF9$ BY 0SECUR+ ! MAXIMUM SATISFACTION ( CON/ANTLY GR[+ MAT]IAL & CULTURAL NE$S ( ! :OLE SOCIETY ?R\< CONT9U\S GR[? & P]FECT+ ( SOCIALI/ PRODUCTION0 7,/AL9 #a#i#h#a3#g#b#i74 ,! PO9T ( US+ ,/AL9 H]E IS NOT TO CALL \T ! MO/ NOTORI\S LIB]AL BOOGIEMAN1 BUT PRECISELY ! OPPOSITE - TO %[ ! 9FLU5CE ( B\RGEOIS ECONOMICS ( CAPITALISM ON BO? ,SOVIET & ,YUGOSLAV SY/EMS & !IR IDEOLOGIES4 ,9 BO? CASES1 WE FACE REVISIONISM ( ,M>X'S BASIC CONCEPTS & IDEAS BECAUSE1 IF WE LOOK AT ,M>X'S ANALYSIS1 WE W\LD QUICKLY CONCLUDE ?AT BO? SY/EMS W]E CAPITALI/4 ,OR WE C\LD COMM5T US+ A BIT ( ,M>X'S WIT ON ,PR\DHON'S ACC\NT1 :I* FITS SO WELL 9 ?IS CASE1 0WE MAY WELL1 !RE=E1 BE A/ONI%$ AT ! CLEV]NESS ( ,PR\DHON1 :O W\LD ABOLI% CAPITALI/IC PROP]TY BY 5=C+ ! ET]NAL LAWS ( PROP]TY ?AT >E BAS$ ON COMMODITY PRODUCTION0 7,M>X #a#i#d#g3#e#a#f74 ,9 OP5+ A DISCUSSION AB\T ! CLASS NATURE ( BO? ! ,SOVIET ,UNION & - MORE IMPORTANTLY1 AT LEA/ = ?IS >TICLE - ,YUGOSLAVIA 7WAS IT A SOCIALI/ OR CAPITALI/ SOCIETY1 IT IS ALSO NECESS>Y TO COMM5T ON C]TA9 /ATEM5TS ?AT COME FROM ! 0,M>XI/ CAMP0 AB\T H[ IT IS NOT POSSIBLE TO USE ,M>XI/ ANALYSIS :5 ANALYZ+ SU* SY/EMS4 ,9 HIS BOOK ,M>XIAN ,CONCEPT ( ,CAPITAL & ,SOVIET ,EXP]I5CE 7#a#i#i#d71 ,P>E% ,*ATTOPADHYAY LOOKS BACK ON COMM5TS FROM !ORETICIANS SU* AS ,L\IS ,AL?USS]1 ,PAUL ,SWEEZY1 ,JOHN ,ROEM] & ,*>LES ,BETTELHEIM4 ,!SE !ORETICIANS1 9 !IR [N WAY1 TRI$ TO DISPUTE ! POSSIBILITY ( A ,M>XI/ CRITIQUE ( ! ,SOVIET ,UNION & SIMIL> REGIMES4 ,BESIDES 9SI/+ ON A DIVISION BETWE5 0,M>X'S ,M>XISM0 & 0,L59'S ,M>XISM10 AS ,RAYA ,DUNAYEVSKAYA HAS PUT IT1 I4E41 ! DIFF]5CE BETWE5 ,M>X'S DOCTR9E & ! ,EA/]N ,BLOC'S REALITY1 ,*ATTOPADHYAY PO9TS \T ?AT ,M>X'S ME?OD IS QUITE APPLICABLE 9 ! MAK+ ( SU* ANALYSIS4 ,M>X CONSID]$ HIS ME?OD AS DIALECTICAL4 ,! MA9 CRIT]ION 9 ! *>ACT]IZATION ( A C]TA9 ECONOMY1 ACCORD+ TO ?IS ME?OD1 IS AN ANALYSIS ( SOCIAL RELATIONS 9 PRODUCTION--H[ IS SURPLUS LABOR 0PUMP$ \T0 FROM IMM$IATE PRODUC]S4 ,IT IS POPUL> TO USE ,COLD ,W> RHETORIC AB\T ! DIVISION ( ! ,WORLD 9TO 0COMMUNI/0 & 0CAPITALI/10 BUT IF WE APPLY ,M>X'S CRIT]ION = ANALYSIS ( SOCIAL RELATIONS 9 PRODUCTION1 WE DON'T HAVE REASON TO BELIEVE ?AT 0,WE/]N CAPITALISM0 REPRES5TS ! ONLY WAY ( CAPITALI/ PRODUCTION4 ,QUITE ! CONTR>Y1 0:ATEV] ! DIFF]5T =MS ( MANIFE/ATION ( AN ECONOMY1 IF ! LATT] IS BAS$ ON LABOR]S' SEP>ATION FROM ! CONDITIONS ( LABOR1 NECESS>ILY R5D]+ LABOR AS WAGE LABOR1 !N ! ECONOMY 9 QUE/ION IS CAPITALI/0 7,*ATTOPADHYAY #a#i#i#d3#f74 ,ALSO1 UNLIKE ,ROEM]1 & MANY MORE1 :O CLAIMS ?AT 0SOCIAL10 I4E41 /ATE1 PROP]TY ( ! MEANS = PRODUCTION IMPLIES SOCIALISM1 :5 ,M>X TALKS AB\T ! ABOLITION ( PRIVATE PROP]TY HE'S TALK+ AB\T ! ABOLITION ( CLASS PROP]TY1 9/EAD ( 9DIVIDUAL PROP]TY4 ,!RE'S NO 9S9UATION 9 ,M>X'S TEXTS ?AT1 9 ! CASE ( 0SOCIAL0 PROP]TY1 EXPLOITATION IS ELIM9AT$4 ,EXPLOITATION WILL EXI/ AS LONG AS CAPITAL EXI/S1 & CAPITAL CAN EXI/ UND] PRIVATE & 0SOCIAL0 PROP]TY4 ,?IS VIEW IS ALSO %>$ BY ,RAYA ,DUNAYEVSKAYA1 :O NOTES ?AT1 9 ! CASE ( 0SOCIAL0 PROP]TY1 IT IS IMPORTANT TO /ATE ?AT ! MEANS = PRODUCTION >E CAPITAL & H[ WORK]S' LABOR IS /ILL ALI5AT$ FROM !M 9 ! =M ( COMMODITIES & S]VICES :I* >E AVAILABLE TO ! BUREAUCRACY4 ,%E CONCLUDES1 0! ,SOVIET ,GOV]NM5T OCCUPIES 9 RELATION TO ! :OLE ECONOMIC SY/EM ! POSITION :I* A CAPITALI/ OCCUPIES 9 RELATION TO A S+LE 5T]PRISE0 7,DUNAYEVSKAYA #a#i#d#a74 ,! BUREAUCRACY DID NOT CREATE ANY NEW SOCIAL MODE ( PRODUCTION - !Y'VE JU/ CONT9U$ TO REPRODUCE CAPITALI/ CLASS RELATIONS4 ,*ATTOPADHYAY ALSO DRAWS \R ATT5TION TO ,M>X'S CONCEPT ( CAPITAL & ITS TW(OLD EXI/5CE--9 A JURIDICAL & ECONOMIC S5SE4 ,:5 WE >E TALK+ AB\T ! ECONOMIC EXI/5CE ( CAPITAL1 WE >E TALK+ AB\T SOCIAL RELATIONS 9 PRODUCTION BAS$ UPON ! SEP>ATION ( LABOR FROM CONDITIONS ( LABOR ?AT B9D WAGE LABOR & CAPITAL4 ,! ECONOMIC EXI/5CE ( CAPITAL HAS TWO SUB-MOM5TS3 AN ESS5TIAL REALITY1 :]E CAPITAL IS A SOCIAL TOTALITY1 & A PH5OM5AL REALITY1 :]E CAPITAL EXI/S AS MUTUALLY AUTONOM\S 9DIVIDUAL CAPITALS1 I4E4 FRAGM5TS ( CAPITAL AS SOCIAL TOTALITY4 ,:5 WE >E TALK+ AB\T ! JURIDICAL EXI/5CE ( CAPITAL1 IT IS CONNECT$ ) PROPRIET>Y RELATIONS ( CAPITAL4 ,CAPITAL IS H]E DEF9$ NEGATIVELY1 AS NON-PROP]TY ( WORK]S1 I4E4 ! PRIVATE PROP]TY ( A CLASS4 ,?IS IS A FUNDAM5TAL MEAN+ ( PRIVATE PROP]TY = ,M>X1 EV5 ?\< JURISPRUD5CE DOESN'T ACKN[L$GE IT 9 ?AT WAY4 ,:AT JURISPRUD5CE ACKN[L$GES AS PRIVATE PROP]TY IS 9DIVIDUAL PRIVATE PROP]TY1 AS A SPECIFIC =M ( PRIVATE PROP]TY ( ! CAPITALI/ CLASS4 ,PRIVATE PROP]TY 9 ITS FIR/1 CLASS S5SE EXI/S1 AS LONG AS CAPITAL EXI/S4 ,LET'S LOOK AT ,YUGOSLAVIA MORE DEEPLY4 ,DID WAGE LABOR EXI/ 9 ,YUGOSLAVIA8 ,SURELY IT DID4 ,WORK]S W]E QUITE AW>E ( ! FACT ?AT !Y >E WORK+ = WAGES1 ?AT SOMEONE ELSE WAS TAK+ SURPLUS LABOR !Y PRODUC$ & ?AT ! :OLE SY/EM WAS BAS$ UPON WAGE E>N+4 ,!Y W]E ALSO QUITE AW>E ( WORKPLACE HI]>*Y & WAGE DIFF]5CES BETWE5 !MSELVES & MANAGEM5T &1 9 ! 5D !Y SAW !MSELVES AS WAGE E>N]S4 ,!Y W]E ALSO AW>E ?AT 9 O!R CAPITALI/ C\NTRIES1 SU* AS ,WE/ ,G]MANY :]E ! MAJORITY ( ,YUGOSLAV LABOR]S IMMIGRAT$ TO WORK1 WORK]S E>N$ MORE ?AN 9 ,YUGOSLAVIA4 ,IF WE TAKE ?AT 9TO ACC\NT1 IT IS NOT SO SURPRIS+ ?AT WORK]S SUPPORT$ LIB]AL FRACTIONS 9 ! ,L,C,Y :I* WANT$ TO TURN ! ,YUGOSLAV ECONOMY 9TO AN IMAGE ( ! ,WE/4 ,BY RECOGNIZ+ ?AT WAGE LABOR EXI/$ 9 ,YUGOSLAVIA & CONCLUD+ ?AT ! WORK+ CLASS WORK$ = WAGES1 WE HAVE TO ASK ! QUE/ION ( = :OM DID !Y WORK8 ,:O PAID ! WAGES TO WORK]S8 ,IF WE ASK \RSELVES ?AT QUE/ION1 WE >E ASSUM+ ?AT ,YUGOSLAVIA WAS A CLASS SOCIETY4 ,?IS IS ( C\RSE ! TRU?4 ,! ,YUGOSLAV RUL+ CLASS CAME FROM ! TE*NOCRACY & O!R BUREAUCRATS ?AT CON/ITUT$ ! CORE ( ! ,L,C,Y4 ,MANY LEFTI/S W\LD SAY ?AT WE CANNOT TALK AB\T A ,YUGOSLAV RUL+ CLASS BECAUSE !RE WAS NO PRIVATE PROP]TY OV] MEANS ( PRODUCTION4 ,WELL1 !Y >E QUITE WRONG BECAUSE PRIVATE PROP]TY1 AS CLASS PROP]TY1 EXI/$ 9 ,YUGOSLAVIA UND] ! NAME ( SOCIAL PROP]TY4 ,! RUL+ CLASS MANAG$ ?AT PROP]TY 9 ! NAME ( 0WORK+ PEOPLE0 & APPROPRIAT$ ITS SURPLUS VALUE4 ,:5 IT COMES TO =MS ( PRIVATE PROP]TY1 ,YUGOSLAVIA IS PRETTY MU* EASI] TO ANALYZE ?AN ,SOVIET ,UNION1 BECAUSE ITS CAPITALI/ NATURE IS QUITE EASY TO NOTICE4 ,9 ,YUGOSLAVIA DIFF]5T =MS ( PRIVATE PROP]TY EXI/$1 FROM SOCIAL PROP]TY1 TO 9DIVIDUAL PRIVATE PROP]TY 9 SMALL 5T]PRISES1 TO JO9T PROP]TY ) MULT9ATIONAL CORPORATIONS1 COOP]ATIVE PROP]TY 9 AGRICULTURE1 ETC4 ,:AT MAKES ,YUGOSLAVIA EASI] TO ANALYZE IS ITS DEP5D5CE ON ! GLOBAL M>KET & MOVEM5TS ( CAPITAL4 ,AS ANY O!R CAPITALI/ C\NTRY1 ,YUGOSLAVIA WAS HEAVILY AFFECT$ BY DIFF]5T CAPITALI/ CRISES 7SU* AS ! OIL CRISIS7 &1 ESPECIALLY T[>DS LATE #hS1 ! ,YUGOSLAV RUL+ CLASS RESPOND$ TO CRISIS MU* 9 ! SAME WAY AS O!R NATIONAL B\RGEOISIES ( ! ,WE/3 ) AU/]ITY MEASURES1 SACK+1 PRIVATIZATION & BIGG] LIB]ALIZATIONS ( ! M>KET4 ,S9CE ,YUGOSLAVIA WASN'T P>T ( ! ,EA/]N ,BLOC IT HAD TO HAVE DEEP] CONNECTIONS ) ! ,WE/1 NOT JU/ BECAUSE ( MILIT>Y PROTECTION 9 CASE ( POSSIBLE ,SOVIET 9T]V5TION 7= EXAMPLE 9 E>LY #eS71 BUT MO/LY BECAUSE IT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO HAVE A SELF-SUFFICI5T ECONOMY 9 CAPITALISM4 ,?IS IS :Y ,YUGOSLAVIA P>TICIPAT$ 9 ! WORLD M>KET 9 A FULL S5SE1 JU/ LIKE ANY O!R CAPITALI/ C\NTRY4 ,IF WE HAVE A CLASS SY/EM1 SOON] OR LAT] !RE WILL BE CLASS /RUGGLES4 ,YUGOSLAVIA DID NOT LACK = WORK]S' /RUGGLES :I* MO/LY W]E ECONOMIC /RUGGLES = BETT] WAGES & WORK CONDITIONS4 ,EV5 ?\< SOME WORKPLACE /RUGGLES1 ESPECIALLY AFT] ! #gS1 W]E CONNECT$ ) SUPPORT ( ! B\RGEOISIE & DEM&$ MORE ECONOMIC LIB]ALIZATION OR O!R NATIONALI/ GOALS ?AT W\LD B5EFIT !IR POSITION1 WORK]S' /RUGGLES 9 ,YUGOSLAVIA %\LDN'T EV] ONLY BE R$UC$ TO ?AT4 ,A LOT ( WORKPLACE /RUGGLES W]E MOTIVAT$ BECAUSE WORK]S WANT$ TO HAVE A /RONG] ROLE 9 MANAG+ !IR 5T]PRISE1 ESPECIALLY WAGES1 OR BECAUSE MANAGEM5T TRI$ TO L[] WORK]S' WAGES TO 0SAVE !IR SK940 ,H]E IT IS ONCE AGA9 IMPORTANT TO SAY ?AT1 9 EV]Y 9DU/RIAL ACTION1 WORK]S HAD TO RELY ON !MSELVES & ON WILDCAT /RIKES1 BECAUSE UNIONS W]E P>T ( ! /ATE MA*9]Y4 ,UNIONS 9 ,YUGOSLAVIA W]E DESIGN$ AS 9/ITUTIONS :]E ! (FICIAL IDEOLOGY WAS PRES5T$ TO WORK]S & ?R\< :I* ! ,P>TY C\LD CONTROL WORKPLACES4 ,9 O!R WORDS1 UNIONS HAD ! SAME FUNCTIONS AS !Y HAVE 9 O!R CAPITALI/ C\NTRIES OR 9 TODAY'S C\NTRIES ( ! EX-,YUGOSLAVIA1 OR ANY:]E 9 ! WORLD = ?AT MATT]4 ,WORK]S' C\NCILS ALSO HAD SIMIL> FUNCTIONS4 ,S9CE ! ,L,C,Y NOM9AT$ MANAG]S & EV5 ! WORK]S :O C\LD BE 9 C\NCILS1 IT IS QUITE OBVI\S ?AT !Y'VE TRI$ TO CONTROL !M AS MU* AS POSSIBLE4 ,USUALLY :5 LEFTI/S 9 !IR /UDIES ACKN[L$GE C]TA9 MI/AKES OR OV]SIK A SUCCESSFUL TRANS=MATION FROM CAPITALISM TO SOCIALISM4 ,YUGOSLAV SELF-MANAGEM5T ALWAYS S]VES1 IF NOT AS 9SPIRATION1 BUT !N AT LEA/ AS ONE ( ! BIGGE/ EXAMPLES ( SELF-MANAGEM5T 9 PRACTICE4 ,WE CAN SEE ?AT 9 WORKS ( ,LEB[TIZ1 ,KOVACS1 BUT ALSO 9 SOME ( ! WORKS AB\T ECONOMIC DEMOCRACY & DIRECT DEMOCRACY ?AT W]E PRODUCTS ( /UD5T OR ,OCCUPY MOVEM5TS FROM #bi ONW>DS4 ,SU* POSITIONS W]E ALSO ADVOCAT$ 9 ,YUGOSLAVIA AT ONE TIME4 ,9TELLECTUALS FROM ! ,PRAXIS GR\P1 AL?\< !Y W]E CRITICAL ( ,YUGOSLAVIA1 NEV] REJECT$ SELF-MANAGEM5T AS A CONCEPT4 ,= ,RUDI ,SUPEK1 ! CONCEPT ( SELF-MANAGEM5T IS NOT WRONG BECAUSE404 MAN-PRODUC] HAS ! RIBITR>ILY DISPOSES ( SURPLUS LABOR CREAT$ BY WORK+ CLASS 74447 ?AT ALL WORK]S HAVE ! REAL RIXI/ 9TELLIG5TSIA & ACADEMICS >\ND ! ,WORLD2 IT IS ! LOGICAL CONCLUSION ( WORK+ CLASS (F5SIVES 9 ,WE/]N C\NTRIES & ! LOGICAL CONCLUSION ( DEMOCRATIZATION ( CONDITIONS 9 PRODUCTION & *ANCE = WORK+ CLASS TO GET HI<] MANAG+ RIKET ECONOMY & CAPITALI/ RELATIONS1 = BE+ ,PR\DHONI/ & H]E HE 5GAGES 9 AN ACADEMIC DISCUSSION AB\T ,PR\DHONI/ 9FLU5CES ON ! ,YUGOSLAV ECONOMY4 ,BUT TO ATTACK ! ,YUGOSLAV MODEL = BE+ ,PRUDHONI/1 :ILE DEF5D+ ! IDEA ( 0REAL0 SELF-MANAGEM5T AT ! SAME TIME1 IS AN OXYMORON4 ,IS NOT ! IDEA ( GRADUAL EVOLUTION FROM CAPITALISM TO SOCIALISM ?R\< NETWORKS SELF-MANAG$ WORK]S' COOP]ATIVES & 5T]PRISES ! ESS5CE ( ,PR\DHONISM8 ,PR\DHONISM IS ESS5TIALLY ! IDEA ( 0SOCIALISM 9 ONE WORKPLACE10 AN IDEA :I* PROPOSES A LOCAL 0SOLUTION0 TO A GLOBAL PROBLEM4 ,ACTUALLY1 WE CAN APPLY SOME ASPECTS ( ! OLD ,M>XI/ CRITIQUE ( ,PR\DHONISM TO ,YUGOSLAV SELF-MANAGEM5T4 ,PR\DHON'S SY/EM WAS BAS$ ON 9DIVIDUAL EX*ANGE1 M>KET & ! FREE WILL ( BUY] & SELL] ABOVE ALL4 ,9 HIS CRITIQUE ( ,PR\DHON1 ,! ,POV]TY ( ,PHILOSOPHY1 ,M>X ANALYZ$ H[ SU* A SY/EM IS NOT ANY?+ BUT AN APOLOGIA = & PRES]VATION ( B\RGEOIS ECONOMY4 ,BUT1 AS ,AMADEO ,BORDIGA NOTES1 ?IS 9DIVIDUAL EX*ANGE LEADS TO EX*ANGE BETWE5 FACTORIES1 WORK%OPS & 5T]PRISES MANAG$ BY WORK]S & IT IS PRES5T$ AS A GOAL ( SOCIALISM ?AT ! FACTORY IS RUN BY LOCAL WORK]S4 ,! IDEA ( WORK]S' SELF-MANAGEM5T WAS NEV] A P>T ( ! ,M>XI/ TRADITION1 BUT QUITE TO ! CONTR>Y1 IT WAS AN IDEOLOGY ( V>I\S RE=MI/ CURR5TS )9 ! WORK]S' MOVEM5T1 FROM AN>*ISM1 ,B]N/E9ISM1 & SYNDICALISM TO ! 0NEW LEFT40 ,( C\RSE1 BEH9D ! ,M>XI/ REJECTION ( WORK]S' SELF-MANAGEM5T /&S ,M>X'S MAT]IALI/ ANALYSIS ( ! =M]1 9/EAD ( 0DOGMATISM0 OR 0CATE*ISM0 AS 0CRITICS0 ( ,M>XISM LIKE TO PO9T \T ALL ! TIME4 ,AS ,M>X ONCE SAID1 & ,5GELS & ,L59 REPEAT$ SO MANY TIMES3 REVOLUTION IS NOT A QUE/ION ( =MS ( ORGANIZATION4 ,!RE=E1 TO PUT =M ABOVE CONT5T1 TO FETI%IZE A C]TA9 =M :ILE NEGLECT+ ITS CONT5T1 IS ONE ( ! MO/ DANG]\S1 BUT YET CLASSICAL MI/AKES ?AT LEFTI/S MAKE4 ,! IDEOLOGY ( SELF-MANAGEM5T IS BAS$ UPON ! IDEA ( 0=CE :I* /RUGGLES AGA9/ ! CON/ITUT$ P[] & ASS]TS ITS AUTONOMY BY BREAK+ ALL L9KS ) ! C5TRAL ,/ATE1 & SOMETIMES AS A =M :I* MANAGES A NEW ECONOMY07,BORDIGA #a#i#e#g74 ,9 ! CASE ( UTOPIAN SOCIALI/S1 ! IDEA WAS TO BUILD 0REVOLUTION>Y COMMUNES0 ?AT W\LD LAT] SPREAD TO ! :OLE SOCIETY1 :ILE 9 ! CASE ( ,YUGOSLAVIA1 ! IDEA WAS TO SET UP A NEW 9T]PRETATION ( ,M>XISM-,L59ISM & A NEW PA? TO COMMUNISM ?AT W\LD1 9 ITS OPPOSITION TO ! ,SOVIET C5TRAL /ATE & BUREAUCRACY1 5D UP 9 A DEC5TRALIZATION ( SOCIETY MASK$ UND] 0WI!R+ AWAY ( ! /ATE40 ,( C\RSE1 ?IS DEC5TRALIZATION1 9 AN ECONOMIC & JURIDICAL S5SE1 WAS M>K$ BY LIB]ALIZATION & M>KET IDEOLOGY1 BECAUSE !RE WAS NO O!R ME*ANISM TO /ICK )1 :ILE REAL POLITICAL & ECONOMIC P[] WAS /ILL CONC5TRAT$--LIKE 9 ! CASE ( ANY O!R CLASS SOCIETY--9 ! H&S ( ITS RUL+ CLASS4 ,A LOT ( LEFTI/S H]E1 LIKE ! ,PRAXIS GR\P1 :ILE PO9T+ \T ! MI/AKES & DEFECTS ( ,YUGOSLAV SELF-MANAGEM5T1 /ILL ADVOCATE 0! REAL SELF-MANAGEM5T0 :I* IS BAS$ ON A REAL AUTONOMY ( PRODUC]S & :]E WORK]S REALLY MANAGE PRODUCTION & !IR WORKPLACES4 ,BUT ! ANSW] TO ! PROBLEM ( CAPITALISM WAS NEV] 9 GREAT] 0AUTONOMY0 ( ! WORK+ CLASS ?R\< WORK]S' C\NCILS & MANAGEM5T ( PRODUCTION4 ,! PROBLEM ) WORK]S' C\NCILS IS MU* ! SAME AS ) TRADE OR 9DU/RIAL UNIONS1 :I* >E M>K$ ) RANK-&-FILE RE/RICTIONS 9 DEAL+ ) PROBLEMS ( ONE SMALL SECTOR ( PRODUCTION1 PRES5T$ 9 A S+LE 5T]PRISE1 9/EAD ( SOCIETY AS :OLE4 ,!RE=E1 WE CANNOT EXPECT ?AT *ANGES 9 9DIVIDUAL WORKPLACES1 MANAG$ BY WORK]S' C\NCILS1 WILL LEAD US TO A 0LATT] /AGE0 OR COMMUNISM4 ,COMMUNI/ SOCIETY IS NOT M>K$ BY WORK]S' CONTROL1 WORK]S' MANAGEM5T OR GIV+ P[] TO PRODUC]S4 ,9 COMMUNI/ SOCIETY1 !RE >E NO MORE PRODUC]S OR NON-PRODUC]S AS !RE >E NO CLASSES4 ,! PO9T ( COMMUNISM IS ! DISAPPE>ANCE ( ! PROLET>IAT AS A CLASS1 ALONG ) ! WAGE SY/EM1 EX*ANGE & 9 ! 5D - 9DIVIDUAL 5T]PRISES4 0,!RE WILL BE NO?+ TO CONTROL & MANAGE & NOBODY TO DEM& AUTONOMY FROM0 7,BORDIGA #a#i#e#g74 ,OR 9 ,M>X'S WORDS3 0,9 A FUTURE SOCIETY1 9 :I* CLASS ANTAGONISM W\LD HAVE CEAS$1 9 :I* !RE WILL NO LONG] BE ANY CLASSES1 USE WILL NO LONG] BE DET]M9$ BY ! M9IMUM TIME ( PRODUCTION2 BUT ! SOCIAL TIME ( PRODUCTION DEVOT$ TO DIFF]5T >TICLES WILL BE DET]M9$ BY ! DEGREE ( !IR SOCIAL UTILITY40 7,M>X #a#i#e#i3#e#b7 ,ONE ( ! BIG PROBLEMS ( ! IDEA ( SELF-MANAGEM5T IS R$UC+ ! HI/ORICAL CONFLICT FROM NATIONAL TO LOCAL1 COMMUNAL OR WORKPLACE LEVEL 9/EAD ( EXT5D+ IT ONTO AN 9T]NATIONAL SCALE--ONTO ! PROBLEM ( ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM AS :OLE4 ,9 ?IS MOM5T1 WE CAN SEE ! :OLE IDEA ( SELF-MANAGEM5T CON/ANTLY RETURNS TO ITS IDEAL =M ( 0AUTONOM\S COMMUNE10 ! FIR/ CAPITALI/ =M FROM ! 5D ( ! ,MIDDLE-,AGES4 ,:ILE 9 ,M>XI/ CIRCLES1 ! T]M 0PETTY-B\RGEOIS0 IS TOO (T5 US$ AS AN 9SULT OR D5UNCIATION 9 PETTY IDEOLOGICAL DISCUSSIONS1 9 CASE ( SELF-MANAGEM5T ?AT T]M W\LD GO PRETTY WELL ) ITS CLASS NATURE4 ,SELF-MANAGEM5T IS AN IDEOLOGY ( ! SELF-EMPLOY$1 CRAFTSM5 & PEASANTS ?AT WANT A M>KET SY/EM )\T MONOPOLY 9 :I* !Y CAN FREELY COMPETE4 ,( C\RSE1 9 ! CASE ( ,YUGOSLAVIA !RE W]E QUITE OBVI\S MONOPOLIES & ! M>KET WASN'T AS 0FREE0 AS SOME W\LD WANT4 ,ALSO1 ! R5AM+ ( ! ,C,P,Y TO ! ,L,C,Y WASN'T ACCID5TAL4 ,ITS ESS5CE IS ! MOVEM5T ( ! FOCUS FROM 0CLASS0 TO 0PEOPLE10 I4E41 DECLASS+ ( ! WORK+ CLASS 9 ! CONFUSION ( ! T]M 0PEOPLE10 :I* MADE IDEOLOGICAL EXCUSES = ! EXI/5CE ( CLASSES1 CLASS SOCIETY1 BUT ALSO ( 9CREAS+ NATIONALISM4 ,ALL TOGE!R1 IT IS REALLY 9T]E/+ H[1 UNLIKE MO/ ( TODAY'S LEFT1 ! ULTRA-RIACT] IT SUITS ! AGE ( PEASANTS & CRAFTSM51 9 :I* ECONOMIC RELATIONS >E RA!R /ATION>Y40 7VON ,MISES #a#i#h#c3#a#i#i7 ,C,O,N,C,L,U,S,I,O,N ,YUGOSLAVIA WAS A CAPITALI/ SOCIETY4 ,AS ,I'VE PO9T$ \T1 WE CANNOT ANALYZE AN ECONOMIC SY/EM BY ACCEPT+ ITS PROCLAMATIONS OR DOCUM5TS1 BUT BY MAT]IALI/ RELATIONS 9 PRODUCTION4 ,CAPITALI/ SY/EMS >E M>K$ ) ! EXI/5CE ( CLASS RELATIONS 9 PRODUCTION1 WAGE1 EX*ANGE1 COMMODITY PRODUCTION1 ETC41 :ILE COMMUNISM IS A MOVEM5T :I* ABOLI%ES !SE RELATIONS4 ,YUGOSLAVIA HAD ALL ! FEATURES ( A CAPITALI/ SY/EM2 NO MATT] H[ MU* TIME ITS IDEOLOGUES SP5T ON MASK+ !M4 ,= EXAMPLE1 SOCIAL PROP]TY WAS NO?+ BUT PROP]TY ( A RUL+ CLASS ?AT APPROPRIAT$ ITS SURPLUS VALUE4 ,ALSO1 !RE WAS NO SOCIALI/ &_/OR COMMUNI/ REVOLUTION 9 ,YUGOSLAVIA4 ,COMMUNI/ REVOLUTION IS M>K$ BY AN UPRIS+ ( ! PROLET>IAT :I*1 TOGE!R ) ITS CLASS ,P>TY1 0ABOLI%ES ! PRES5T /ATE ( ?+S0 7,M>X74 ,9 ! CASE ( ,YUGOSLAVIA1 ! ,C,P,Y WON P[] AFT] W> :ILE RELATIONS 9 PRODUCTION DIDN'T *ANGE AT ALL4 ,! IDEA ( SELF-MANAGEM5T WAS NEV] P>T ( ! ,M>XI/ TRADITION & IT NEV] WAS & NEV] WILL BE ABLE TO TACKLE CAPITALISM & TO REPLACE IT4 ,QUITE ! CONTR>Y1 9 ! CASE ( ,YUGOSLAVIA1 SELF-MANAGEM5T ONLY 9CREAS$ ! P[] ( ! RUL+ CLASS & 9TEGRAT$ ! WORK+ CLASS 9TO ! /ATE1 JU/ LIKE ! WELF>E /ATE 9 ! ,WE/4 ,FUR!RMORE1 ,YUGOSLAV SELF-MANAGEM5T KEPT CAPITALI/ RELATIONS SAFE1 DECL>$ ! LAW ( VALUE1 COMMODITY PRODUCTION & M>KET EX*ANGE AS M]E 0ECONOMIC TOOLS0 ?AT EXI/ 9 EV]Y ECONOMY1 & SOLV$ EV]Y ECONOMIC & POLITICAL CRISIS ) BROAD] LIB]ALIZATION AS ! MA9 AU/]ITY MEASURE4 ,IF SELF-MANAGEM5T WAS SUPPOS$ TO %[ 0ANO!R WAY0 ( ORGANIZATION ( A SOCIALI/ /ATE1 IT FAIL$--AS SOCIALISM 9 ONE C\NTRY IS A WA/$ PROJECT4 ,COMMUNI/ TRANS=MATION IS ONLY POSSIBLE ON 9T]NATIONAL SCALE4 ,AL?\< ONE W\LD HAVE TO BE COMPLETELY BL9D NOT TO NOTICE ! DIFF]5CE BETWE5 BASIC LIV+ CONDITIONS 9 ,YUGOSLAVIA & TODAY'S EX-,YUGOSLAV C\NTRIES1 ONE %\LDN'T FALL 9TO ! TRAP ( NO/ALGIA OR CALL+ = ! 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( ,REVOLUTION>Y ,MOVEM5T 9 ,YUGOSLAVIA2 ,KALAMAZOO3 ,BLACK @& ,R$4 ,PETRANOVIC1 ,BRANKO4 #a#i#h#h4 ,I/ORIJA ,JUGOSLAVIJE #a#i#a#h-#a#i#h#h VOL4 #b3 ,N>ODNOSOLOBODILACKI RAT I REVOLUCIJA #a#i#d#a-#a#i#d#e2 ,BEOGRAD3 ,NEOLIT4 ,PETROVIC1 ,GAJO4 #a#i#g#a4 0,BIROKRATSKI SOCIJALIZAM02 ,PRAXIS _?#c-#d1 PP4 #d#h#c-#d#i#i4 ,PIRJEVAC1 ,JOZE4 #b#a#b4 ,TITO I DRUGOVI2 ,ZAGREB3 ,MOZAIK KNJIGA4 ,RIZZI1 ,BRUNO4 #a#i#h#c4 ,BIROKRATSKI KOLEKTIVIZAM4 ,ZAGREB3 ,GLOBUS4 ,S*ULZE1 ,!O4 #a#i#f#b4 0,YUGOSLAVIA'S ,WAY3 ,! ,WORK]S' ,C\NCILS ,SY/EM40 ,9T]NATIONAL ,SOCIALI/ ,REVIEW1 VOL4 #bc ,NO4 #c1 ,SUMM] #a#i#f#b1 PP4 #h#d-#h#f1 #i4 ,/ALJ91 ,JOSIP4 #a#i#h#a4 0,EKONOMSKI PROBLEMI SOCIJALIZMA U ,S,S,S,R-U02 9 ,PITANJA L5J9IZMA1 ,DRAGUT9 ,LALOVIC1 $41 ,ZAGREB3 ,C5T> DRU/V5IH DJELATNO/I SAVEZA SOCIJALI/ICKE OMLAD9E ,HRVATSKE1 PP4 #ga - #g#c#d4 ,/OJANOVIC1 ,SVETOZ>4 #a#i#g#b4 0,OD ,PO/REVOLUCION>NE DIKTATURE KA SOCIJALI/ICKOJ DEMOKRATIJI40 ,PRAXIS _?#c-#d1 PP4 #c#g#e--#c#i#i4 ,SUPEK1 ,RUDI4 #a#i#g#a4 0,PROTUVURIJECNO/I I N$OREC5O/I JUGOSLAV5SKOG SAM\PRAVNOG SOCIJALIZMA02 ,PRAXIS _?#c-#d1 PP4 #c#d#g-#c#g#a4 ,TITO4 ,JOSIP ,BROZ4 #a#i#d#g4 ,BORBA ZA OSLOBOD5JE ,JUGOSLAVIJE #a#i#d#a-#a#i#d#e ,I2 ,BEOGRAD3 ,KULTURA4 ,TITO4 ,JOSIP ,BROZ4 #a#i#e4 0,WORK]S ,MANAGE ,FACTORIES 9 ,YUGOSLAVIA40 ,TITO4 ,JOSIP ,BROZ4 #a#i#e#i4 0,O RADNICKOM UPRAVLJANJU PRIVR$NIM PODUZECIMA10 9 ,GOVORI I CLANCI1 KNJIGA #e41 ,ZAGREB3 ,NAPRIJ$1 PP4 #b#b-#b#e#c4 ,TITO4 ,JOSIP ,BROZ4 #a#i#h#bA4 0,BORBA KOMUNI/A ,JUGOLSAVIJE ZA SOCIJALISITCKU DEMOKRATIJU 7,IZ REF]ATA NA ,V,I ,KONGRESU ,K,P,J1 ,ZAGREB1 #c4 ,NOVEBRA #a#i#e#b702 9 ,JUGOSLAV5SKA REVOLUCIJA I SOCIJALIZAM2 ,ZAGREB3 ,GLOBUS1 PP4 #d#b#c-#d#c4 ,TITO4 ,JOSIP ,BROZ4 #a#i#h#bB4 0,ODGOVORI NA PITANJA 0,BORBE0 O ZNACAJU I DALJNJEM RAVZITKU REVOLUCIJE U ,JUGOSLAVIJI 70,BORBA10 #b#i4 ,NOVEMBRA #a#i#e#a702 9 ,JUGOSLAV5SKA REVOLUCIJA I SOCIJALIZAM2 ,ZAGREB3 ,GLOBUS1 PP4 #d#a#i-#d#b#b4 ,VAN D] ,L9D51 ,M>CEL4 #b#g4 ,WE/]N ,M>XISM & ,SOVIET ,UNION3 ,A ,SURVEY ( ,CRITICAL ,!ORIES & ,DEBATES ,S9CE #a#i#a#g2 ,BO/ON3 ,BRILL4 ,VON ,MISES1 ,LUDWIG4 #a#i#h#c4 ,NATION1 ,/ATE & ,ECONOMY2 ,NEW ,YORK3 ,NEW ,YORK ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS4 ,WOODW>D1 ,SUSAN ,L4 #a#i#i#e4 ,SOCIALI/ ,UNEMPLOYM5T3 ,! ,POLITICAL ,ECONOMY ( ,YUGOSLAVIA #a#i#d#e-#a#i#i4 ,PR9CETON3 ,PR9CETON ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS4 ,WOODW>D1 ,SUSAN ,L4 #b#c4 0,! ,POLITICAL ,ECONOMY ( ,E?NO-,NATIONALISM 9 ,YUGOSLAVIA10 ,SOCIALI/ ,REGI/]1 ,VOL4 #c#i1 #b#c1 PP4 #g#c-#i#b4 .<#a.> ,S]B-,CRO4 ,N>ODNO OSLOBODILACKI POKRET 7,N,O,P7 WAS A ,POPUL> ,FRONT MOVEM5T 9 ,YUGOSLAVIA DUR+ ! ,SECOND ,WORLD ,W>4 .<#b.> ,S]B-,CRO4 ,IZJAVA ,VRHOVNOG /ABA ,N,O,V I ,P,O,J I ,A,V,N,O,J-A2 ,N,O,V I ,P,O,J /&S = ,PEOPLES ,LIB]ATION ,>MY & ,P>TISAN ,UNITS ( ,YUGOSLAVIA & ,A,V,N,O,J /&S = ,ANTIFASCI/ ,C\NCIL ( ,NATIONAL ,LIB]ATION ( ,YUGOSLAVIA4 .<#c.> ,9 HIS BOOK ,SAM\PRAVLJANJE #a#i#e-#a#i#g#d 75G4 ,SELF-,MANAGEM5T #a#i#e-#a#i#g#d2 #a#i#g#d1 7 ,YUGOSLAV HI/ORIAN ,DR4 ,DUSAN ,BIL&ZIC CLAIMS ?AT #a1#g#f1 ,YUGOSLAV PEOPLE W]E KILL$ 9 ! ,SECOND ,WORLD ,W>1 I4E4 EV]Y T5? CITIZ5 ( ,YUGOSLAVIA4 ,ACTUALLY1 HE'S TALK+ AB\T DEMOGRAPHIC LOSS1 I4E4 ! NUMB] :I* M>K$ H[ MANY CITIZ5S ! C\NTRY LO/4 ,?IS NUMB] WAS PRES5T$ AS ! NUMB] KILL$ AT ! PEACE CONF]5CE 9 ,P>IS1 SO ?AT ,YUGOSLAVIA C\LD MAXIMIZE ITS SUFF]+S4 .<#d.> ,RUS4 88888888 88888888888 8888888888 888 WAS ! ,SOVIET SECRET POLICE4 .<#e.> ,/AKHANOVISM WAS A 0TR5D0 AMONG ,RUSSIAN WORK]S1 CALL$ AFT] ,ALEXEI ,/AKHANOV1 M9] :I*1 9SPIR$ BY ,/AL9'S SPEE* FROM ,MAY #a#i#c#e1 EXCAVAT$ MORE ?AN #ab TONS ( COAL 9 JU/ #f H\RS1 :I* WAS #ad TIMES ABOVE HIS QUOTA4 ,/AKHANOVI/S DEM&$ ?AT EQUAL WAGES %\LD BE ABOLI%$ & ?AT WORK]S %\LD BE PAID ON !IR M]ITS4 ,APPE>ANCE ( ?IS 0TR5D0 WAS FOLL[$ ) AN 9CREASE 9 EXTREME WAGE DIFF]5CES1 SURCEASE 9 RATIONALIZATION & ! BEG9N+ ( PRODUCTION ( LUXURY COMMODITIES4 ,ON ,NOVEMB] #a#e? #a#i#c#e1 ! ,ALL-,RUSSIAN ,CONF]5CE ( ,/AKHANOVI/S WAS HELD :]E !Y W]E DECL>$1 BY ,PRAVDA1 TO BE 0LEAD]S ( ! PEOPLE0 7,DUNAYEVSKAYA #a#i#d#b74 ,9CREASE 9 ,/AKHANOVI/ WAGES 5ABL$ !M FA/] ADVANCE 9 SOCIETY4 ,UNLIKE !M1 REGUL> WORK]S F\ND !MSELVES 9 SITUATION :]E IT WAS H>D] & H>D] = !M TO BUY GOODS !Y C\LD AF=D DUR+ RATION+4 ,9 ,YUGOSLAVIA ,/AKHNOVI/S W]E CALL$ 0UD>NICI0 75G4 \T/&+ WORK]S74 .<#f.> ,! ,S]BO-,CROATIAN TITLE IS ,UGOVOR O PRIJATELJ/VU1 UZAJAMNOJ POMOCI I POSLIJ]ATNOJ SURADNJI1 ,JUGOSLAVIJE I ,S,S,S,R-A 4 .<#g.> ,:ILE 9 ! MO/ ( ! TEXT ,I USE ,/AL9ISM AS ANO!R NAME = ,M>XISM-,L59ISM1 :5 ,I REF] TO 0,/AL9ISM0 9 QUOTES ,I'M REF]R+ TO D5UNCIATIONS :I* ! ,YUGOSLAV LEAD]%IP US$ AGA9/ ,SOVIET ,UNION'S IDEOLOGY & ITS FOLL[]S 9 ,YUGOSLAVIA4 ,I'M US+ QUOTES BECAUSE1 9 ! CASE ( ,YUGOSLAV LEAD]%IP1 !IR D5\NC+ ( ! ,SOVIET ,UNION AS 0,/AL9I/0 DOESN'T HAVE ANY MAT]IAL EXPLANATION OR >GUM5T & IT DOES NOT QUE/ION FUNDAM5TAL CONCEPTS ( ,M>XISM-,L59ISM1 OR ,/AL9ISM1 AS ,I'VE DONE SO F> & AS ,I'LL CONT9UE 9 ?IS >TICLE1 S9CE ,I DON'T CONSID] ,M>XISM-,L59ISM AS ,M>XISM 9 ! FIR/ PLACE4 .<#h.> 0,GOLI OTOK0 75G4 ,NAK$ ,ISL&7 WAS ! MO/ FAM\S ,YUGOSLAV CONC5TRATION CAMP = LEFTI/ IDEOLOGICAL 5EMIES ( ! REGIME1 USUALLY 0,/AL9I/S40 ,?IS CAMP WAS PRIM>ILY = MALE PRISON]S1 :ILE 0,SVETI ,GRGUR0 75G4 ,SA9T ,GEORGE7 WAS = FEMALES4 .<#i.> ,! ,S]BO-,CROATIAN TITLE IS ,O N>ODNOJ DEMOKRACIJI U ,JUGOSLAVIJI4 .<#a.> ,! ,S]BO-,CROATIAN TITLE IS ,ZAKON O N>ODNIM ODBORIMA4 .<#a#a.> ,! ,S]BO-,CROATIAN TITLE IS ,UPUT/VO O OSNIVANJU I RADNU RADNICKIH SAVJETA4 .<#a#b.> ,! ,S]BO-,CROATIAN TITLE IS ,OSNOVNI ZAKON O UPRAVLJANJU DRZAVNIM PRIVR$NIM PODUZECIMA I VISIM PRIVR$NIM PODUZECIMA OD /RANE RADNIH KOLEKTIVA4 .<#a#c.> ,EV5 IF IT IS COMMON TO PUT ! ,PRAXIS GR\P 9 ! ,M>XI/-,HUMANI/ CAMP1 ,I OPPOSE SU* A CLASSIFICATION4 ,= ME1 ,M>XI/-,HUMANISM IS A T5D5CY :I* IS BAS$ >\ND WORKS ( ,RAYA ,DUNAYEVSKAYA1 ,C4,L4,R4 ,JAMES & ! SO CALL$ ,JOHNSON-,=E/ ,T5D5CY1 :I* POLITICALLY %>ES REALLY LITTLE1 IF ANY?+1 ) ! ,PRAXIS GR\P4 ,EV5 ?\< MEMB]S ( ! ,PRAXIS GR\P W]E HIE ! ,M>XI/-,HUMANI/ ANALYSIS ( ! ,SOVIET ,UNION & SIMIL> REGIMES1 I4E4 !Y DID NOT SUPPORT ! !ORY ( /ATE CAPITALISM4 ,ALSO1 ,I BELIEVE ?AT NO-ONE CAN SAY ?AT !RE WAS POLITICAL & IDEOLOGICAL UNITY AMONG MEMB]S ( ! ,PRAXIS GR\P1 :I* EXPLA9S ?AT :ILE SOME W]E TRY+ TO >TICULATE SOME SORT ( ,M>XI/ CRITIQUE ( ,YUGOSLAVIA1 O!RS TURN$ TO LIB]AL IDEAS ( 0DEMOCRACY0 & 0DEMOCRATIZATION10 COMPLETELY AB&ON+ HI/ORICAL MAT]IALISM & CLASS ANALYSIS4 ,! FACT ?AT ! SECOND CURR5T WON CAN EASILY BE5 SE5 FROM ! LA/ ISSUES ( ,PRAXIS :I* W]E COMPLETELY D$ICAT$ TO LIB]AL 0CIVIL SOCIETY0 !ORIES & :I* W]E DOM9AT$ BY >TICLES ( ,CROATIAN LIB]AL-NATIONALI/ PHILOSOPH]S4 .<#a#d.> ,POLY>*Y IS A T]M 9V5T$ BY ,ROB]T ,A4 ,DAHL1 :I* HE US$ TO DESCRIBE =MS ( RULE :]E P[] IS 9 ! 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PROLET>IAT1 :ILE 0WORK+ PEOPLE0 W]E NOT JU/ PROLET>IANS1 BUT ALSO CRAFTSM51 PEASANTS1 ETC--ALL ( :OM MU/ P>TICIPATE 9 ! CON/RUCTION ( ,YUGOSLAV SOCIETY4 .<#a#g.> ,LEB[ITZ >GUES ?AT :ILE ! P>TY WAS IMPOS+ DIRECTORS1 WORK]S' C\NCILS HAD C]TA9 AUTONOMY TO ACCEPT OR REJECT DIRECTORS & !Y US$ IT4 ,HE ALSO PO9T$ TO O!R BODIES 9VOLV$ 9 MANAG+ 5T]PRISES SU* AS WORK%OP C\NCILS & SPECIAL COMMISSIONS1 /AT+ H[ C]TA9 RESE>*ES %[$ H[ ONE ?IRD ( WORK]S 9 5T]PRISE P>TICIPAT$ 9 ONE ( ! C\NCILS OR COMMISSIONS1 H[ PEOPLE US$ TO ROTATE ON !IR FUNCTIONS & H[ FUNCTIONS W]E LIMIT$ TO TWO YE> M&ATES 7,LEB[ITZ #b#d74 .<#a#h.> ,9 ,YUGOSLAVIA1 :5 IT COMES TO ! NATIONAL QUE/ION1 ! 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