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By Leo Tolstoy (1884)

Entry 2564

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(1828 - 1910)

Father of Christian Anarchism

: In 1861, during the second of his European tours, Tolstoy met with Proudhon, with whom he exchanged ideas. Inspired by the encounter, Tolstoy returned to Yasnaya Polyana to found thirteen schools that were the first attempt to implement a practical model of libertarian education. (From: Anarchy Archives.)
• "Only by recognizing the land as just such an article of common possession as the sun and air will you be able, without bias and justly, to establish the ownership of land among all men, according to any of the existing projects or according to some new project composed or chosen by you in common." (From: "To the Working People," by Leo Tolstoy, Yasnaya P....)
• "There are people (we ourselves are such) who realize that our Government is very bad, and who struggle against it." (From: "A Letter to Russian Liberals," by Leo Tolstoy, Au....)
• "...the dissemination of the truth in a society based on coercion was always hindered in one and the same manner, namely, those in power, feeling that the recognition of this truth would undermine their position, consciously or sometimes unconsciously perverted it by explanations and additions quite foreign to it, and also opposed it by open violence." (From: "A Letter to a Hindu: The Subjection of India- Its....)


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Index

  • Abraham, 165.
  • Adam, fall of, 118, 122.
  • Age, consummation of, 139, 152.
  • Amusements, harmful, 105; maintained by coercion, 106.
  • Anger, the commandment against, 70 et seq.; destructive of happiness, 247; temptations to, 247.
  • ἀνίστημι, meaning of, 146.
  • Army, the Christophile, 15.
  • Art has forsaken the Church, 224.
  • auferstehn, meaning of, 146.
  • Aurelius, Marcus, 126.
  • Average man, the, and the problem of existence, 229.
  • Belief, if true, always brings forth works, 160 et seq.
  • Believers, and the problem of existence, 228.
  • Berditchef, circus at, 135, 157.
  • Bible, 17.
  • Biblical references.—O. T.: Gen. (iii. 22) 149; Exod. (iii. 6) 144; Levit. (xix. 12) 86, (xix. 17, 18) 94; Deut. (xiii. 21, 34) 86, (xxiv. 1) 77, (xxx. 15-19) 150, (xxxii. 39, 40) 149; Judges (ix. 4) 76; Sam. (I. viii.-xii.) 18; Isaiah (lxi. 1, 2) 110. N. T.: Matt. (iv. 1-11) 178, (iv. 37) 253, (v.) 17, (v., vi., vii.) 5, (v. 17-20) 51, 52, 53, (v. 18) 262, (v. 19) 70, (v. 21-26) 70, 76, (v. 21-48) 69, (v. 22-44) 109, (v. 27-32) 77, (v. 28-32) 109, (v. 32) 79, 81, (v. 33-37) 86, 91, (v. 34-37) 109, (v. 36) 89, (v. 38, 39) 7, 8, (v. 38-42) 92, 93, 110, (v. 40) 26, (v. 43-48) 95, 110, (v. 44) 256, (vii. 1) 23, (vii. 12) 57, (x. 10) 200, 254, (xi. 30) 14, (xii. 16-21) 138, (xii. 31) 217, (xii. 35-40) 139, (xii. 40) 145, (xiii. 52) 62, (xiv. 2) 146, (xvi. 13-21) 145, (xvi. 21) 145, (xvii. 23) 145, (xix.) 79, (xix. 4-6) 250, (xix. 4-9) 80, (xix. 9) 81, 84, (xix. 17) 151, (xx. 1-16) 167, 168, (xx. 19) 145, (xx. 20-28) 166, (xxi. 33-42) 139, (xxii. 44) 98, (xxiii. 13-35) 217, (xxv. 14-46) 142, (xxvi. 32) 145, (xxvii. 42) 163; Mark (viii. 31) 145, (ix. 31) 145, [270] (x. 5-12) 79, (x. 28-30) 180, (x. 34) 145, (x. 35-48) 166, (x. 45) 202, 254, (xii. 21-24) 144, (xii. 26, 27) 144, (xii. 36) 98, (xiv. 25) 145, (xv. 32) 163; Luke (i. 71, 74) 98, (iv. 1-13) 178, (iv. 18, 19, 21) 111, (vi. 37) 23, (vi. 37-49) 24, (ix. 22) 145, (x. 5, 7) 200, (x. 26) 61, (x. 28) 151, (x. 29) 98, (xi. 30) 145, (xi. 35) 125, 216, (xii. 22-27) 137, (xii. 32) 263, (xii. 54-57) 136, (xiii. 1-5) 135, (xiv. 28-31) 136, (xvi. 15-18) 54, (xvi. 16) 57, (xvi. 18) 79, (xvi. 31) 147, (xviii. 33) 145, (xx. 43) 98, (xxii. 67) 163; John (i. 9-12) 171, (i. 17) 245, (iii. 5, 6, 7) 125, (iii. 19-21) 171, (iii. 14-17) 125, (v. 39) 150, (v. 44) 164, (vi. 30) 163, (vii. 18) 164, (vii. 19) 57, (viii. 17) 57, (viii. 28) 125, 258, (viii. 32) 258, (viii. 35) 141, (viii. 40) 171, (viii. 46) 171, (x. 25, 26) 163, (xi. 19-22) 145, (xii. 31) 244, (xii. 35) 125, (xiv. 6) 172, (xiv. 16, 17) 172, (xiv. 27) 109, (xv. 25) 57, (xvi. 33) 244, (xviii. 37) 172, (xix. 7) 57; Acts (vii. 27) 98, (xxiii. 8) 143; Rom. (i. 32, ii. 1, ii. 4) 31; Cor. (I. vii. 1-11) 80, (I. xv. 2) 75; Heb. (ii. 2) 115; Jas. (ii. 12, 13) 30, (ii. 13) 29, (ii. 14-26) 163, (iv. 11, 12) 28, (v. 6) 35, (v. 12) 89; John (I. v. 3) 14, (I. v. 4) 244.
  • Borovitzky Gate, 19.
  • Brahmins, 173, 218.
  • Buddha, 134, 218.
  • Buddhism, 124.
  • Catechism analyzed, 213.
  • Children, education of, 105.
  • Christian rationalists in Russia, 223.
  • Christianity, substance of, 2, 13; a spiritual tendency, 4; lack of ethical and moral instruction in, 123.
  • Christians may believe in Jesus, 241; duties of, 258 et seq.
  • Chrysostom, xi., 33, 63, et seq.; 79, 92.
  • Church, the fathers of, 31, 81, 93; the Orthodox, 2; creed of, 265; inadequacy of 3, 4, 175, 209-244; teachings of, 4, 40, 47, 58, 62, 107, 115, 127, 154, 178, 213-217, 227; compulsory in Russia, 216; the true, 262.
  • Churches, as useless sentinels, 224.
  • Civilization, characteristics of, 42, 233.
  • Clement, x.
  • Commandments, abrogated by the Church, 214.
  • Commentators, pseudo-Christian, 91; liberal, 93.
  • condemnare, 34.
  • Confucius, 124, 126, 127, 218.
  • Constantine, 31, 219.
  • Cosmopolitanism, importance of, 257. [271]
  • Daniel, apocryphal book of, 149.
  • Death, inevitable, 137, 138, 139.
  • Death penalty, sanctioned by the Church, 221.
  • Debauchery, 77 et seq.; Paul's idea of, 80; destructive of happiness, 249; temptations to, 251.
  • Devotion, a pagan book of, 212.
  • Divorce, denounced by Jesus, 78 et seq.; sanctioned by the Church, 221.
  • δόξα, meaning of, 164.
  • ἐγείρω, meaning of, 146.
  • ehebruch, meaning of, 84.
  • εἰκῆ, meaning and textual authenticity of, 75.
  • Elijah, 48, 145.
  • ἡλικίαν, meaning of, 137.
  • Enemy, love for, 95 et seq.; meaning of, 98.
  • Epictetus, 89, 126, 127.
  • Error, temptation of Jesus by, 178; the cohesive power of, 262.
  • Esdras, 56.
  • Evil, submission to, 8 et seq., 13, 92-94; resistance to, 15; destructive of happiness, 253; to speak, 28, 32.
  • Existence, its futilities, 226.
  • Faith, defined, 115, 162, 166, 244; and works, 160, 169; based on the dictates of reason, 170; source of, 171; the false, 173.
  • Fall, dogma of the, 120, 153.
  • Family, the, a condition of happiness, 187.
  • Foreigners, hostility toward, 100; destructive of happiness, 255.
  • Formalism, evils of, 68.
  • fornicatio, meaning of, 83.
  • Free-will, an illusion, 124.
  • French war of 1870, 198.
  • Galilee, 41, 44, 48, 49, 178.
  • Galileans, massacre of, 135.
  • Germans, 45, 259.
  • Ghengis Khan, 36.
  • God, service of, 21; appears to Elijah, 48; commandments of, 51; kingdom of, 108, 111, 160; how brought, 209.
  • Gospels, exegesis, 1, 55, 75.
  • Griesbach, 175.
  • Happiness, conditions of, 185-189.
  • hayai leolam, meaning of, 148.
  • Health, a condition of happiness, 189.
  • Hebrews, 176.
  • Hegelianism, 122.
  • Herod, 25, 146.
  • High Priests, 25, 59.
  • Householder, parable of, 168.
  • hurerei, meaning of, 83.
  • Husbandmen, parable of, 139.
  • Immortality, belief in, 147, 150, 153, 155.
  • Irenæus, 62.
  • Isaiah, 56, 61.
  • James, 167.
  • Jesus, as the "charmant docteur," 41; divinity of, 15; the enemies of, 60; his use of the Mosaic law, 67; commandments of, 69, 76, 86, 194, 242, 246 et seq.; [272] mission of, 108; the Messiah, 111, 145, 158; his revelation of the true life, 139; his doctrine of eternal life, 153; as a Savior, 158; his definition of belief, 164; of true life, 167; his temptation in the wilderness, 177; offers the water of truth, 196.
  • Jesus, doctrine of, its simplicity, vi., 6, 7, 11, 12, 69, 194; as a metaphysical theory and an ethical system, 218, 231; a doctrine of grace and truth, 246; practical results of, 107; key to, 2, 16, 17; requirements of, 248; its meaning, 7, 43, 50, 58, 108, 172, 193, 199, 240; its rewards, 179, 202; to bring the kingdom of God, 209; its relation to the Church, 209-244; its adaptability to Christians, 241; to the philosopher, 242; to the "average" man, 243; difficulty in obeying, 14, 16, 112, 132, 160, 173, 194, 259; belief in, 160 et seq.; requirements of, 245 et seq.; a protest against ceremonial, 219; its concealment, 49, 68, 90, 173, 174; and military regulations, 19, 22, 104, 223; its universality, 241; delusions with regard to, 23, 101, 114, 191 et seq., 204; will overcome the world, 244; substance of, 124; and social customs, 58, 90, 93, 133, 194; where are its martyrs? 195.
  • Jews, criminal law of, 27.
  • John, 167.
  • John the Baptist, 43, 54, 108, 135, 145, 146.
  • Jonah, 146; story of, 176.
  • Judaism, 124, 220.
  • Judgment, parable of the last, 139, 152.
  • Laborer, worthy of his sustenance, 200, 205; rewards of, 201, 203.
  • Law, the eternal, 53, 55.
  • Law of struggle, 47, 181, 197.
  • Lazarus, 147.
  • libertinage, meaning of, 83.
  • Libertinism, 83, 85.
  • Liberty, law of, 29.
  • Life, essence of, 118, 138, 165; the personal, 134, 139, 174; salvation of, 152, 165; renunciation of, 141, 142; the eternal, 143; how perpetuated, 150; rewards of, 167; doctrine of, enforced by the police, 232.
  • Loaves and fishes, lesson of the, 206.
  • Luke, 34, 54, 55, 80.
  • Luther, 34, 84.
  • Manu, laws of, 89.
  • Mark, 80.
  • Martyrs, Christian, number of, 192.
  • Martyrs to the world, 183, 193.
  • Materialism, 122.
  • Men, brotherhood of, 110, 246, 256; intercourse with, essential to [273] happiness, 188; nature of, 112; debt to the past, 141; mutual dependence, 207; temptations against, 246.
  • μετάνοια, meaning of, 135, 141.
  • Michael, Archbishop, 93.
  • Military regulations, 19.
  • μοιχᾶσθαι, meaning of, 83.
  • Monasticism, contrary to the doctrine of Jesus, 176.
  • Monogamy the natural law of humanity, 250.
  • Moscow, 183.
  • Mount, the Sermon on the, 5, 6, 10, 11, 17, 26, 78, 79, 108.
  • Müller, Max, 148.
  • Nationality, renunciation of, 257.
  • Nature, the law of, 46; communion with, essential to happiness, 185.
  • Neighbor, meaning of, 97 et seq.
  • Nicodemus, 60, 108, 125.
  • νόμος, meaning of, 56.
  • Oaths, the commandment against, 87 et seq.; destruction of happiness, 252; evils of, 252.
  • Origen, 102.
  • Pascal, 134.
  • Paul, x., 30, 56, 80, 88, 115; his metaphysico-cabalistic doctrine, 219.
  • Peace, the reign of, 108; how violated, 109.
  • Penalty, the death, 36.
  • Pentateuch, 57, 148.
  • Persons, respect of, 29.
  • Pessimism, 122.
  • Peter, 11, 145, 167, 168, 180.
  • Pharisees, 54, 59, 60, 85, 88, 143, 178.
  • Philosophers, and the problem of existence, 229.
  • Pilate, 135, 175.
  • πορνεία, meaning of, 83; et seq.
  • Poverty, the blessings of, 199; indispensable to the follower of Jesus, 200.
  • prissaiaga, meaning of, 85.
  • Prophets, the Hebrew, 43, 57, 143.
  • qum, meaning of, 146.
  • raca, meaning of, 73, 76.
  • Reason, authority of, 124.
  • Redemption, dogma of, 120, 122, 153.
  • Religions, requirements of, 220.
  • Renan, 31, 93.
  • Repentance, 60; necessity of, 135.
  • Resurrection, not taught by Jesus, 143.
  • resusciter, meaning of, 146.
  • Reuss, 79.
  • Revolution, the French, 36.
  • Revolutionists, atheistic, 39; Christian, 39.
  • Riches, the struggle for, 184.
  • Righteousness, progress toward, 48.
  • Sadducees, 60, 143.
  • Samaritan, 98.
  • Sanhedrin, 25.
  • Schopenhauer, 148.
  • Science, hostile to the Church, 223.
  • Security, struggle for, its futility, 198. [274]
  • Seneca, 89.
  • Sisyphus, labor of, 184.
  • Slave, 39.
  • Slavery, sanctioned by the Church, 221.
  • Slavophile, 39.
  • Socrates, 124, 126.
  • Soldier, at Borovitzky Gate, 19, 88; Russian nickname for, 88.
  • Solomon, 134.
  • Son of man, doctrine regarding, 125 et seq.; 142, 150, 152, 156, 263.
  • Spirit, the Holy, 68.
  • Spiritism, 123.
  • State, service of, 21, 22, 257; independent of the Church, 223.
  • States, divisions into, a barbarism, 107.
  • Stoics, 124, 173.
  • Strauss, 41, 93.
  • Suffering, useless, 183.
  • Sukhareff Tower, 183.
  • Talents, parable of the, 142.
  • Talmud, 17, 56, 143, 173.
  • Theologians, declarations of, 6.
  • Theophylact, 33.
  • Thief, on the cross, vii.
  • Tiele, 148.
  • Tischendorf, 55, 75.
  • Tohu, 18, 19, 21, 22, 42, 43.
  • Torah, 56, 61, 68.
  • Tribunals, 23, 24; contrary to law of Jesus, 25 et seq.; sanctioned by the Church, 221.
  • Trinity, 14, 40, 58, 116, 117, 127.
  • Truth, Christian, 4.
  • Tübingen, school of, 33.
  • Turks, 259.
  • verdammen, meaning of, 34.
  • Violence, renunciation of, 38; organized, 45, 196; destructive to happiness, 253; temptations to, 254; futility of, 259 et seq.
  • Virgins, parable of, 139.
  • voskresnovit, meaning of, 146.
  • Vulgate, 34.
  • War, organized murder, 101, 192; justified by the Church, 211, 221.
  • Wars of our century, victims of, 193.
  • Work, an inevitable condition of happiness, 186, 201, 205, 207.
  • World, the doctrine of, illustrated, 129; sufferings for, 181, 185-192; its commands, 191; its necessities, 184 et seq.; justification of, 188; its relation to the Church, 221 et seq.
  • Worldly advantage, 11.
  • zanah, meaning of, 83.

Transcriber's Notes:

Blank pages have been eliminated.

Greek and Hebrew characters have been converted to HTML entities. These characters will not be displayed if they are not included in the font used by your device.

Variations in spelling and hyphenation have been left as in the original.

A few typographical errors have been corrected.

(Source: Published by Thomas Y. Crowell & Co., New York, 1885.)

From : Gutenberg.org

(1828 - 1910)

Father of Christian Anarchism

: In 1861, during the second of his European tours, Tolstoy met with Proudhon, with whom he exchanged ideas. Inspired by the encounter, Tolstoy returned to Yasnaya Polyana to found thirteen schools that were the first attempt to implement a practical model of libertarian education. (From: Anarchy Archives.)
• "...for no social system can be durable or stable, under which the majority does not enjoy equal rights but is kept in a servile position, and is bound by exceptional laws. Only when the laboring majority have the same rights as other citizens, and are freed from shameful disabilities, is a firm order of society possible." (From: "To the Czar and His Assistants," by Leo Tolstoy, ....)
• "It usually happens that when an idea which has been useful and even necessary in the past becomes superfluous, that idea, after a more or less prolonged struggle, yields its place to a new idea which was till then an ideal, but which thus becomes a present idea." (From: "Patriotism and Government," by Leo Tolstoy, May 1....)
• "If, in former times, Governments were necessary to defend their people from other people's attacks, now, on the contrary, Governments artificially disturb the peace that exists between the nations, and provoke enmity among them." (From: "Patriotism and Government," by Leo Tolstoy, May 1....)

Translator of Leo Tolstoy. (From: RevoltLib.com.)

Chronology

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1884
Index — Publication.

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February 18, 2017; 7:40:47 PM (UTC)
Added to http://revoltlib.com.

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January 14, 2022; 6:17:06 PM (UTC)
Updated on http://revoltlib.com.

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