,MURRAY ,BOOK*9 
,FA!R ( ,SOCIAL ,ECOLOGY & ,AN>*O-,COMMUNALISM 

,JANU>Y #a#d1 #aiba -- ,JULY #c1 #bf 

,DESCRIPTION 3 ,GR[+ UP 9 ! ]A ( TRADITIONAL PROLET>IAN SOCIALISM1 ) ITS WORK+-CLASS 9SURRECTIONS & /RUGGLES AGA9/ CLASSICAL FASCISM1 AS AN ADULT HE HELP$ />T ! ECOLOGY MOVEM5T1 EMBRAC$ ! FEM9I/ MOVEM5T AS ANTIHI]>*ICAL1 & DEVELOP$ HIS [N DEMOCRATIC1 COMMUNALI/ POLITICS4 7,FROM 3 ,AN>*Y ,>*IVES7 

,TAGS 3 AN>*I/1 AU?OR1 MUNICIPALI/1 AM]ICAN1 LIB]T>IAN1 SOCIALI/1 SOCIAL ECOLOGY1 ANTI-CAPITALI/1 NEW YORK1 JEWI%4 

,QUOTES 3 
0,OR WILL ECOLOGY GR\PS & ! ,GRE5S TURN ! 5TIRE ECOLOGY MOVEM5T 9TO A />RY-EY$ RELIGION DECORAT$ BY GODS1 GODDESSES1 WOODSPRITES1 & ORGANIZ$ >\ND S$AT+ RITUALS ?AT R$UCE MILITANT ACTIVI/ GR\PS TO SELF-9DULG5T 5C\NT] GR\PS80 7,FROM 3 0,! ,CRISIS 9 ! ,ECOLOGY ,MOVEM5T10 BY ,MURRAY ,BOOK*91 ,GRE5 ,P]SPECTIVES1 ,NO4 #f1 ,MAY #a#i#h#h47 
0444REAL GR[? OCCURS EXACTLY :5 PEOPLE HAVE DIFF]5T VIEWS & CONFRONT EA* O!R 9 ORD] TO CREATIVELY >RIVE AT MORE ADVANC$ LEVELS ( TRU? -- NOT ADOPT A L[ COMMON D5OM9ATOR ( IDEAS ?AT IS 'ACCEPTABLE' TO EV]YONE BUT ACTUALLY SATISFIES NO ONE 9 ! LONG RUN4 ,TRU? IS A*IEV$ ?R\< DIALOGUE &1 YES1 H>% DISPUTES -- NOT BY A DEAD5+ HOMOG5EITY & A BLEAK SIL5CE ?AT ULTIMATELY TURNS BL& 'IDEAS' 9TO RIGID DOGMAS40 7,FROM 3 0,! ,CRISIS 9 ! ,ECOLOGY ,MOVEM5T10 BY ,MURRAY ,BOOK*91 ,GRE5 ,P]SPECTIVES1 ,NO4 #f1 ,MAY #a#i#h#h447 
0,! SOCIAL VIEW ( HUMANITY1 NAMELY ?AT ( SOCIAL ECOLOGY1 FOCUSES PRIM>ILY ON ! HI/ORIC EM]G5CE ( HI]>*Y & ! NE$ TO ELIM9ATE HI]>*ICAL RELATION%IPS40 7,FROM 3 0,! ,CRISIS 9 ! ,ECOLOGY ,MOVEM5T10 BY ,MURRAY ,BOOK*91 ,GRE5 ,P]SPECTIVES1 ,NO4 #f1 ,MAY #a#i#h#h47 
0444A M>KET ECONOMY BAS$ ON DOG-EAT-DOG AS A LAW ( SURVIVAL & 'PROGRESS' HAS P5ETRAT$ EV]Y ASPECT ( SOCIETY4440 7,FROM 3 0,! ,CRISIS 9 ! ,ECOLOGY ,MOVEM5T10 BY ,MURRAY ,BOOK*91 ,GRE5 ,P]SPECTIVES1 ,NO4 #f1 ,MAY #a#i#h#h47 
0,WE >E DIRELY 9 NE$ NOT ONLY ( 'RE-5*ANT+ ! WORLD' & 'NATURE' BUT ALSO ( RE-5*ANT+ HUMANITY -- ( GIV+ ITSELF A S5SE ( WOND] OV] ITS [N CAPACITY AS NATURAL BE+S & A C>+ PRODUCT ( NATURAL EVOLUTION0 7,FROM 3 0,! ,CRISIS 9 ! ,ECOLOGY ,MOVEM5T10 BY ,MURRAY ,BOOK*91 ,GRE5 ,P]SPECTIVES1 ,NO4 #f1 ,MAY #a#i#h#h47 
0444AN>*ISM IS ABOVE ALL ANTIHI]>*ICAL RA!R ?AN SIMPLY 9DIVIDUALI/IC2 IT SEEKS TO REMOVE ! DOM9ATION ( HUMAN BY HUMAN1 NOT ONLY ! ABOLITION ( ! /ATE & EXPLOITATION BY RUL+ ECONOMIC CLASSES40 7,FROM 3 0,! ,<O/ ( ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALISM10 BY ,MURRAY ,BOOK*91 ,NOVEMB] #f1 #a#i#i#b47 
0444,PR\DHON H]E APPE>S AS A SUPPORT] ( DIRECT DEMOCRACY & ASSEMBLY SELF- MANAGEM5T ON A CLE>LY CIVIC LEVEL1 A =M ( SOCIAL ORGANIZATION WELL WOR? FI<T+ = 9 AN ]A ( C5TRALIZATION & OLIG>*Y40 7,FROM 3 0,! ,<O/ ( ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALISM10 BY ,MURRAY ,BOOK*91 ,NOVEMB] #f1 #a#i#i#b47 
0,! HI/ORIC OPPOSITION ( AN>*I/S TO OPPRESSION ( ALL K9DS1 BE IT ?AT ( S]FS1 PEASANTS1 CRAFTSPEOPLE1 OR WORK]S1 9EVITABLY L$ !M TO OPPOSE EXPLOITATION 9 ! NEWLY EM]G+ FACTORY SY/EM AS WELL4 ,MU* E>LI] ?AN WE >E (T5 L$ TO IMAG9E1 SYNDICALISM- - ESS5TIALLY A RA!R 9*OATE BUT RADICAL =M ( TRADE UNIONISM- - BECAME A VEHICLE BY :I* MANY AN>*I/S REA*$ \T TO ! 9DU/RIAL WORK+ CLASS ( ! #a#h#cS & #a#h#dS40 7,FROM 3 0,! ,<O/ ( ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALISM10 BY ,MURRAY ,BOOK*91 ,NOVEMB] #f1 #a#i#i#b47 
0444! EXTRAORD9>Y A*IEVEM5TS ( ! ,SPANI% WORK]S & PEASANTS 9 ! REVOLUTION ( #a#i#c#f1 MANY ( :I* W]E UNMAT*$ BY ANY PREVI\S REVOLUTION40 7,FROM 3 0,! ,<O/ ( ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALISM10 BY ,MURRAY ,BOOK*91 ,NOVEMB] #f1 #a#i#i#b47 
0,BROAD] MOVEM5TS & ISSUES >E N[ ON ! HORIZON ( MOD]N SOCIETY ?AT1 :ILE !Y MU/ NECESS>ILY 9VOLVE WORK]S1 REQUIRE A P]SPECTIVE ?AT IS L>G] ?AN ! FACTORY1 TRADE UNION1 & A PROLET>IAN ORI5TATION40 7,FROM 3 0,! ,<O/ ( ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALISM10 BY ,MURRAY ,BOOK*91 ,NOVEMB] #f1 #a#i#i#b47 

,BIOGRAPHY 3 

  

,IMAGE FROM ,CLIMATE,&,CAPITALISM4COM ,A ,%ORT ,BIOGRAPHY ( ,MURRAY ,BOOK*91 BY ,JANET ,BIEHL 

,MURRAY ,BOOK*9 WAS BORN 9 ,NEW ,YORK ,CITY ON ,JANU>Y #a#d1 #a#i#b#a1 TO ,RUSSIAN ,JEWI% IMMIGRANT P>5TS :O HAD BE5 ACTIVE 9 ! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T4 ,9 #aic HE 5T]$ ! ,COMMUNI/ Y\? MOVEM5T1 JO9+ FIR/ ! ,Y\NG ,PIONE]S & !N ! ,Y\NG ,COMMUNI/ ,LEAGUE1 S]V+ AS $UCATION DIRECTOR = HIS BRAN*4 ,BUT 9 #aice HE BECAME DISILLUSION$ BY ,/AL9@&_?#a#d#f2S %IFT ( 9T]NATIONAL ,COMMUNISM TO ! LESS MILITANT @&_?#a#d#g2,POPUL> ,FRONT@&_?#a#d#h2 P>TY L9E4 ,DEEPLY 9VOLV$ 9 ORGANIZ+ ACTIVITIES >\ND ! ,SPANI% ,CIVIL ,W> 7HE WAS TOO Y\NG TO P>TICIPATE DIRECTLY71 HE REMA9$ ) ! ,COMMUNI/S UNTIL ! ,/AL9-,HITL] PACT ( ,SEPTEMB] #a#i#c#i1 :5 HE WAS EXPELL$ = 0,TROTSKYI/-AN>*I/ DEVIATIONS40 ,HE PROCE$$ TO ALIGN$ HIMSELF ) ! ,AM]ICAN ,TROTSKYI/S4 ,AFT] GRADUAT+ FROM HI< S*OOL1 HE F\ND WORK AS A F\NDRYMAN 9 NOR!RN ,NEW ,J]SEY1 !REBY 5T]+ ! WORK]S' MOVEM5T4 ,AT ! F\NDRY1 :]E HE WORK$ = F\R YE>S1 HE BECAME ACTIVE 9 LABOR ORGANIZ+ = ! ,CONGRESS ( ,9DU/RIAL ,ORGANIZATIONS 7,C,I,O74 

,HE S]V$ 9 ! ,U4,S4 ,>MY DUR+ ! MID-#a#i#dS1 !N RETURN$ HOME TO EMPLOYM5T AS AN AUT[ORK]4 ,HE BECAME DEEPLY 9VOLV$ 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,AUTO ,WORK]S 7,U,A,W71 :I* WAS AT ! TIME A HI<LY LIB]T>IAN UNION4 ,IDEOLOGICALLY1 HE BECAME 9CREAS+LY DISAPPO9T$ BY ! ,TROTKSYI/S@&_?#a#d#f2 TRADITIONAL ,BOL%EVI/ AU?ORIT>IANISM4 ,AFT] P>TICIPAT+ 9 ! GREAT ,G5]AL ,MOTORS /RIKE ( #a#i#d#h1 HE BEGAN TO QUE/ION ALL HIS TRADITIONAL CONCEPTIONS AB\T ! 0HEGEMONIC0 OR 0VANGU>D0 ROLE ( ! 9DU/RIAL WORK+ CLASS4 ,RA!R ?AN MOVE TO ! RI<T1 AS MANY DISILLUSION$ ,COMMUNI/S 9 HIS G5]ATION DID1 HE LOOK$ = WAYS TO CON/RUCT A NONAU?ORIT>IAN1 9DE$ LIB]T>IAN COMMUNISM4 

,DUR+ ! #a#i#eS1 CALL+ HIMSELF A LIB]T>IAN SOCIALI/1 WORK$ CLOSELY ) A GR\P ( DISSID5T ,G]MAN ,M>XI/S LIV+ 9 ,NEW ,YORK :O HELD A SIMIL> P]SPECTIVE 7,9T]NATIONAL ,KOMMUNI/5 ,DEUTS*L&S1 OR ,I,K,D74 ,MANY ( HIS E>LY >TICLES W]E PUBLI%$ 9 ?IS GR\P@&_?#a#d#f2S ,G]MAN-LANGUAGE P]IODICAL1 ,D+E D] ,ZEIT1 AS WELL AS ITS ,5GLI%-LANGUAGE SI/] PUBLICATION1 ,CONTEMPOR>Y ,ISSUES1 UND] ! P5 NAMES ,M4 ,S4 ,%ILOH1 ,LEWIS ,H]B]1 ,ROB]T ,KELL]1 & ,H>RY ,LUDD4 ,HIS E>LIE/ BOOK1 ,LEB5SGEFAHRLI*E ,LEB5SMITTEL 7#a#i#e#e71 PUBLI%$ 9 ,WE/ ,G]MANY 9 COLLABORATION ) ,GOTZ ,OHLY1 WAS BAS$ ON A V]Y L>GE >TICLE 0,! ,PROBLEM ( ,*EMICALS 9 ,FOOD10 ?AT HAD BE5 PUBLI%$ 9 ,CONTEMPOR>Y ,ISSUES 9 #a#i#e#b4 ,H]E HE EXPLOR$ ! POSSIBLE EFFECTS ( FOOD PRES]VATIVES & PE/ICIDES ON HUMAN HEAL?4 ,SU* IDEAS1 :I* HAVE S9CE 5T]$ 9TO ! G5]AL CONSCI\SNESS ( \R TIME1 W]E HI<LY ORIG9AL 9 ! LATE #a#i#eS & E>LY #a#i#fS4 

  

,IMAGE FROM ,RESILI5CE4ORG ,9 ! E>LY #a#i#fS ,BOOK*9 WROTE TWO IMPORTANT J\RNALI/IC BOOKS1 9T5D$ = A G5]AL READ]%IP1 ?AT RAIS$ ! AL>M AB\T A RANGE ( 5VIRONM5TAL ILLS4 ,9 ,\R ,SYN!TIC ,5VIRONM5T 7PSEUD4 ,LEWIS ,H]B]71 PUBLI%$ 9 #aifb 7PREC$+ ,RA*EL ,C>SON'S ,SIL5T ,SPR+ BY NE>LY HALF A YE>71 HE SURVEY$ ! SCI5TIFIC LIT]ATURE ON PE/ICIDES1 FOOD ADDITIVES1 & ,X-RADIATION AS S\RCES ( HUMAN ILLNESS1 9CLUD+ CANC]4 ,9 ,CRISIS 9 ,\R ,CITIES 7#a#i#f#e7 EXPLOR$ 5VIRONM5TAL PROBLEMS SPECIFIC TO ,AM]ICAN URBAN >EAS4 

  

,IMAGE FROM ,UNEV5,E>?4ORG ,>\ND ?IS TIME ,BOOK*9@&_?#a#d#f2S POLITICAL EVOLUTION L$ HIM TO ! AN>*I/ TRADITION ( ,PET] ,KROPOTK91 :I* HE HOP$ C\LD BECOME A HOME = HIS DEC5TRALI/ & ANTIHI]>*ICAL IDEAS & A POLITICAL FRAMEWORK )9 :I* HE C\LD WORK4 ,AS ! ,NEW ,LEFT & C\NT]CULTURE MOVEM5TS EM]G$ 9 ! #a#i#fS1 HE POPUL>IZ$ HIS LIB]T>IAN & ECOLOGICAL IDEAS 9 SEV]AL 9NOVATIVE & WIDELY 9FLU5TIAL ESSAYS4 @&_?#a#d#g2,ECOLOGY & ,REVOLUTION>Y ,?\<T@&_?#a#d#h2 7#a#i#f#d7 WAS ! FIR/ WORK TO CALL = A RADICAL POLITICAL ECOLOGY2 H]E ATTEMPT$ TO M>RY ECOLOGY & AN>*ISM1 F\ND+ :AT HE CALL$ ,SOCIAL ,ECOLOGY4 ,9 @&_?#a#d#g2,T[>DS A ,LIB]ATORY ,TE*NOLOGY@&_?#a#d#h2 7#a#i#f#e7 HE CALL$ = A NEW ECOTE*NICS US+ ALT]NATIVE1 R5EWABLE 5]GY S\RCES & MICROTE*NOLOGIES ?AT W\LD =M ! 9FRA/RUCTURE ( A LIB]ATORY SOCIETY4 ,9 @&_?#a#d#g2,LI/51 ,M>XI/6@&_?#a#d#h2 7#a#i#f#i7 HE TRI$ TO W>N ,S,D,S AGA9/ ITS IMM95T TAKEOV] BY A ,MAOI/ GR\P & 9 SO DO+ M\NT$ A SE>+ CRITIQUE ( ,M>XISM-,L59ISM4 ,9 @&_?#a#d#g2,A ,NOTE ON ,AFF9ITY ,GR\PS@&_?#a#d#h2 HE CALL$ ATT5TION TO A NONHI]>*ICAL UNIT ( POLITICAL ORGANIZATION US$ BY ! ,SPANI% AN>*I/S4 ,ALL !SE ESSAYS PR(\NDLY 9FLU5C$ ! ,NEW ,LEFT 9 ,NOR? ,AM]ICA & ,EUROPE & W]E COLLECT$ 9 ! AN?OLOGY ,PO/-,SC>CITY ,AN>*ISM 7#a#i#g#a2 REPUBLI%$ #aigg & #b#d74 ,9 ! LATE #a#i#fS ,BOOK*9 ALSO TAU<T AT ! ,ALT]NATIVE ,UNIV]SITY 9 ,NEW ,YORK1 ONE ( ! L>GE/ 0FREE UNIV]SITIES0 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 & AT ,CITY ,UNIV]SITY ( ,NEW ,YORK 9 ,/AT5 ,ISL&4 

,9 #aigd HE CO-F\ND$ & DIRECT$ ! ,9/ITUTE = ,SOCIAL ,ECOLOGY 9 ,PLA9FIELD1 ,V]MONT1 :I* W5T ON TO ACQUIRE AN 9T]NATIONAL REPUTATION = ITS ADVANC$ C\RSES 9 ECOPHILOSOPHY1 SOCIAL !ORY1 & ALT]NATIVE TE*NOLOGIES4 ,9 #aigd HE ALSO BEGAN TEA*+ AT ,RAMAPO ,COLLEGE ( ,NEW ,J]SEY1 :]E ?IS SELF-$UCAT$ HI<-S*OOL GRADUATE EV5TUALLY BECAME A FULL PR(ESSOR ( SOCIAL !ORY2 HE RETIR$ 9 #aihc TO AN EM]ITUS /ATUS4 ,9 ! #a#i#gS ,BOOK*9 WAS ACTIVE 9 ! ANT9UCLE> MOVEM5T & P>TICIPAT$ 9 ! ,CLAM%ELL ,ALLIANCE1 OPPOS+ ! ,SEABROOK NUCLE> REACTOR 9 ,NEW ,HAMP%IRE4 ,HIS BOOK ,! ,LIMITS ( ! ,CITY 7#a#i#g#d7 CONT9U$ HIS EXPLORATION ( URBAN ISSUES 9 RADICAL SOCIAL ?\<T4 ,HIS NEXT BOOK1 ,! ,SPANI% ,AN>*I/S 7#a#i#g#g71 WAS A HI/ORY ( ! ,SPANI% AN>*I/ MOVEM5T FROM ITS ORIG9S TO ! MID-#a#i#cS2 A PLANN$ SECOND VOLUME1 9T5D$ TO COV] ! ,SPANI% ,REVOLUTION ( #a#i#c#f-#c#g1 WAS NEV] WRITT5 7AL?\< VOLUME #d ( ,! ,?IRD ,REVOLUTION1 COMPLET$ 9 #b#c1 COV]S MU* ( ?AT HI/ORY74 ,SEV]AL ( HIS #a#i#gS ESSAYS CRITICIZ$ DEVELOPM5TS 9 ! NEW ECOLOGY MOVEM5T & DI/+UI%$ BETWE5 ECOLOGY1 :I* HE CONSID]$ RADICAL & 9NOVATIVE1 & 5VIRONM5TALISM1 OR RE=MI/ OR /ATE-ORI5T$ APPROA*ES ?AT FAIL$ TO ADDRESS ! ROOT CAUSE ( ECOLOGICAL PROBLEMS4 ,!SE ESSAYS W]E AN?OLOGIZ$ 9 ,T[>D AN ,ECOLOGICAL ,SOCIETY 7,BLACK ,ROSE ,BOOKS1 #a#i#h#a74 

,! E>LY #a#i#hS SAW ! PUBLICATION ( ,BOOK*9@&_?#a#d#f2S TWO MAJOR WORKS4 ,! ,ECOLOGY ( ,FRE$OM3 ,! ,EM]G5CE & ,DISSOLUTION ( ,HI]>*Y 7#a#i#h#b2 REPUBLI%$ #aiia & #b#e7 IS A MAGI/]IAL DISCUSSION ( ECOLOGY & SOCIAL HI]>*Y1 WEAV+ POLITICAL1 AN?ROPOLOGICAL1 PSY*OLOGICAL1 & SCI5TIFIC !MES4 ,H]E ,BOOK*9 EXPLORES ! NOTION ( DOM9AT+ NATURE & ITS HI/ORICAL EM]G5CE PRIM>ILY FROM ! V]Y REAL SOCIAL DOM9ATION ( HUMAN BY HUMAN1 P>TICUL>LY 9 G]ONTOCRACIES1 PATRI>*IES1 & O!R HI]>*ICAL /RATA4 ,HE CONSID]$ HI]>*Y & DOM9ATION AS MORE FUNDAM5TAL =MS ( OPPRESSION ?AN CLASS & EXPLOITATION4 

  

,IMAGE FROM ,SOCIAL-,ECOLOGY4ORG ,HIS SECOND @&_?#a#d#g2MAGNUM OPUS@&_?#a#d#h2 WAS ,! ,RISE ( ,URBANIZATION & ! ,DECL9E ( ,CITIZ5%IP 7#a#i#h#f2 REPUBLI%$ AS ,URBANIZATION ,)\T ,CITIES .<#a#i#i#b.> & ,FROM ,URBANIZATION TO ,CITIES .<#a#i#i#e.>74 ,?IS MA/]PIECE N>RATES A HI/ORY ( CIVIC SELF-MANAGEM5T1 FACE-TO-FACE DEMOCRACY1 & CONF$]ALISM 9 ! ,WE/]N DEMOCRATIC TRADITION1 BEG9N+ 9 ANCI5T ,GREECE & PROCE$+ ?R\< M$IEVAL ,EUROPEAN T[NS & TO ! POPUL> 9/ITUTIONS 9 SEV]AL REVOLUTIONS1 P>TICUL>LY ! ,AM]ICAN & ,FR5*4 ,! BOOK CULM9ATES 9 A *APT]-LONG EXPOSITION ( LIB]T>IAN MUNICIPALISM1 :I* IS ! NAME ,BOOK*9 GAVE TO HIS POLITICAL PROJECT4 ,LIB]T>IAN MUNICIPALISM IS A POLITICS ?AT SEEKS TO RECREATE A VITAL LOCAL POLITICAL OR CIVIC SPH]E 9 ORD] TO E/ABLI% DIRECT-DEMOCRATIC POPUL> ASSEMBLIES AT ! MUNICIPAL1 T[N1 & NEI<BORHOOD LEVELS4 ,OV] L>G] REGIONS !SE ASSEMBLIES W\LD CONF$]ATE &1 AS !Y GA9$ /R5G?1 *ALL5GE ! C5TRALIZ$ NATION-/ATE4 ,HE >GU$ = A MUNICIPALIZATION 7RA!R ?AN A ,M>XIAN NATIONALIZATION7 ( ! ECONOMY1 AS A WAY ( OPPOS+ ! PRES5T CORPORATE CAPITALI/ SY/EM ( [N]%IP & MANAGEM5T4 ,SOME ( !SE IDEAS W]E ALSO DEVELOP$ 9 ! ESSAYS COMPIL$ 9 ,! ,MOD]N ,CRISIS 7#a#i#h#f74 

,9 ! MID-#a#i#hS ,BOOK*9 HELP$ 9SPIRE ! EM]G5CE ( ! 9T]NATIONAL ,GRE5 POLITICAL MOVEM5T & HAD A /RONG 9FLU5CE ON ! RISE ( ! ,GRE5S 9 ,G]MANY & LAT] ON ITS @&_?#a#d#g2FUNDI@&_?#a#d#h2 W+4 ,9 #aihg HE DELIV]$ ! KEYNOTE ADDRESS ( ! FIR/ ,GRE5 GA!R+ 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 9 ,AMH]/1 ,MASSA*USETTS4 ,H]E HE OP5$ UP A DEBATE )9 ! ECOLOGY MOVEM5T OV] ,DEEP ,ECOLOGY1 A SET ( IDEAS ?AT W]E GA9+ 9FLU5CE ANT ! TIME & ?AT HE CONSID]$ TO HAVE REACTION>Y POLITICAL IMPLICATIONS DUE TO !IR PRIORITIZATION ( NONHUMAN NATURE OV] HUMAN BE+S AS WELL AS TO !IR EMPHASIS ON SPIRITUALITY & MY/ICISM4 ,HE ALSO OPPOS$ T5D5CIES 9 ! ,U4,S4 ,GRE5S ?AT WANT$ TO CREATE A ,GRE5 ,P>TY TO RUN C&IDATES = /ATE & NATIONAL (FICE2 9/EAD HE PREF]R$ A RADICAL GRE5 MOVEM5T ?AT W\LD $UCATE ! PUBLIC AB\T ! NE$ = BO? LOCAL DEMOCRACY & ECOLOGICAL SOLUTIONS1 9 ACCORDANCE ) LIB]T>IAN MUNICIPALISM4 ,9 ! LATE #a#i#hS1 AS A MEMB] ( ! ,GRE5S 9 ,BURL+TON1 ,V]MONT1 HE P>TICIPAT$ 9 SEV]AL LOCAL POLITICAL CAMPAIGNS ?AT W]E 9T5D$ TO RAISE AW>5ESS ( 5VIRONM5TAL ISSUES 9 ! CITY & AT ! SAME TIME CALL = ! DEMOCRATIZATION ( LOCAL POLITICAL 9/ITUTIONS4 ,9 #aihh HE CO-F\ND$ ! ,LEFT ,GRE5 ,NETWORK1 A CONF$]ATION ( GR\PS ?AT %>$ HIS APPROA*4 

  

,IMAGE FROM ,5VIRO,E?ICS4ORG ,9 #aii ,BOOK*9 RETIR$ FROM ACTIVE POLITICAL LIFE4 ,HE CONT9U$ TO TEA* AT ! ,9/ITUTE = ,SOCIAL ,ECOLOGY1 :]E HE HELD ! /ATUS ( DIRECTOR EM]ITUS1 BUT SP5T MO/ ( HIS TIME WRIT+4 ,) HIS COMPANION & COLLABORATOR ,JANET ,BIEHL1 HE CO-$IT$ =TY ISSUES ( ! !ORETICAL NEWSLETT] ,GRE5 ,P]SPECTIVES 7LAT] R5AM$ ,LEFT ,GRE5 ,P]SPECTIVES72 IT BECAME ! MA9 V5UE = HIS >TICLES 9 ?AT DECADE1 F9ALLY FOLD+ 9 #b4 ,9 #aiif HE WROTE A CRITIQUE ( PO/MOD]NISM1 MISAN?ROPY1 & ANTIHUMANISM ?AT HE CALL$ ,RE-5*ANT+ ,HUMANITY3 ,A ,DEF5SE ( ! ,HUMAN ,SPIRIT ,AGA9/ ,ANTI-HUMANISM1 ,MISAN?ROPY1 ,MY/ICISM1 & ,PRIMITIVISM 7#a#i#i#f74 ,UND]P9N+ MANY ( HIS POLITICAL IDEAS IS A REWORK$ SY/EM ( DIALECTICAL ?9K+1 ONE ?AT PUTS A @&_?#a#d#g2NATURALIZ$@&_?#a#d#h2 OR DEVELOPM5TAL V]SION ( ,HEGEL'S DIALECTICS TO ! S]VICE ( ECOLOGICAL ?9K+4 ,HIS CONCEPT ( DIALECTICAL NATURALISM IS ELUCIDAT$ 9 CONSID]ABLE DETAIL 9 HIS BOOK ,! ,PHILOSOPHY ( ,SOCIAL ,ECOLOGY 7#a#i#i1 REVIS$ #a#i#i#d74 

,BETWE5 #aiib & #bc HE ALSO WROTE HIS MASSIVE F\R-VOLUME HI/ORY ( POPUL> REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5TS1 ,! ,?IRD ,REVOLUTION 7PUBLI%$ BY ,CASSELL & SUBSEQU5TLY BY ,CONT9UUM BETWE5 #aiif & #b#c74 ,VOLUME #a COV]S ! ,AM]ICAN & ,FR5* ,REVOLUTIONS2 VOLUME #b1 ! ,FR5* REVOLUTIONS ( ! N9ETE5? C5TURY1 9CLUD+ ! ,P>IS ,COMMUNE2 VOLUME #c1 ! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTIONS ( #aie & #a#i#a#g2 & VOLUME #d1 ! C5TRAL ,EUROPEAN & ,SPANI% REVOLUTIONS4 ,HE SP5T MU* ( HIS TIME 9 HIS F9AL YE>S WORK+ ON ?IS HUGE PROJECT4 

  

,IMAGE FROM ,TRISE4ORG ,9 ! MEANTIME 9 ! MID-#a#i#iS ,BOOK*9 DEVELOP$ S]I\S D\BTS AB\T HIS LATE-#a#i#eS *OICE TO WORK ) AN>*ISM AS AN OV]>*+ POLITICAL APPROA*4 ,AN>*ISM1 HE 9CREAS+LY SUSPECT$1 WAS FUNDAM5TALLY ROOT$ 9 9DIVIDUALISM1 A DOCTR9E ?AT HE ABHORR$4 ,HE SET AB\T DI/ANC+ HIMSELF FROM MANY P>TS ( ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T1 />T+ ) @&_?#a#d#g2,! ,<O/ ( ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALISM@&_?#a#d#h2 7#a#i#i#b74 ,TWO YE>S LAT] HE >GU$ ?AT @&_?#a#d#g2! DEMOCRATIC DIM5SION ( AN>*ISM@&_?#a#d#h2 WAS COMMUNALISM2 9 #aiie HE WROTE ,SOCIAL ,AN>*ISM OR ,LIFE/YLE ,AN>*ISM3 ,AN ,UNBRIDGEABLE ,*ASM1 AS A *ALL5GE TO AN>*I/S TO REJECT ! N>CISSI/IC1 AD HOC ADV5TURISM ( @&_?#a#d#g2LIFE/YLE AN>*ISM@&_?#a#d#h2 9 FAVOR ( A COMMUNAL AN>*ISM GR\ND$ 9 SOCIAL MOVEM5TS & REALITIES4 ,! *ALL5GE WAS NOT MET1 9 HIS VIEW1 & 9 A #bb ESSAY HE CALL$ @&_?#a#d#g2,! ,COMMUNALI/ ,PROJECT@&_?#a#d#h2 HE REJECT$ AN>*ISM ALTOGE!R 9 FAVOR ( COMMUNALISM1 AN EQUALLY ANTI-/ATI/ DOCTR9E ?AT HE FELT TO BE MORE EXPLICITLY ORI5T$ ?AN AN>*ISM TO SOCIAL RA!R ?AN TO 9DIVIDUAL LIB]ATION4 

,MURRAY ,BOOK*9'S LIFE & WORK SPANN$ TWO HI/ORIC ]AS3 ! 9T]W> P]IOD1 :5 ! ,GREAT ,DEPRESSION SEEM$ TO BR+ CAPITALISM TO ! BR9K ( COLLAPSE1 & ! PO/W> ]A ( CONSOLIDAT$ CORPORATE CAPITALISM4 ,GR[+ UP 9 ! ]A ( TRADITIONAL PROLET>IAN SOCIALISM1 ) ITS WORK+-CLASS 9SURRECTIONS & /RUGGLES AGA9/ CLASSICAL FASCISM1 AS AN ADULT HE HELP$ />T ! ECOLOGY MOVEM5T1 EMBRAC$ ! FEM9I/ MOVEM5T AS ANTIHI]>*ICAL1 & DEVELOP$ HIS [N DEMOCRATIC1 COMMUNALI/ POLITICS4 ,HE ANALYZ$ !SE SWEEP+ *ANGES 9 SOCIETY & CONSCI\SNESS 9TO A COH]5T \TLOOK ?AT HE HOP$ C\LD LEAD TO A LIB]AT$ FUTURE4 ,TO ?OSE 9T]E/$ 9 LE>N+ MORE AB\T HIS IDEAS1 HE ALWAYS RECOMM5D$ ,REMAK+ ,SOCIETY 7#a#i#h#i71 HIS BASIC 9TRODUCTION TO HIS [N IDEAS2 ,! ,MURRAY ,BOOK*9 ,READ]1 $IT$ BY ,JANET ,BIEHL 9 #a#i#i#g2 & ,BIEHL@&_?#a#d#f2S SUMM>Y ( HIS POLITICAL IDEAS1 ,! ,POLITICS ( ,SOCIAL ,ECOLOGY3 ,LIB]T>IAN ,MUNICIPALISM 7#a#i#i#h74 

,ON ,JULY #c1 #b#f1 AB\T ONE YE> AFT] ! PUBLICATION ( ! F\R? & F9AL VOLUME ( ,! ,?IRD ,REVOLUTION1 ,BOOK*9 DI$ ( HE>T FAILURE AT HIS HOME 9 ,BURL+TON4 ,HE DI$ AS HE HAD ALWAYS LIV$1 AS A SOCIALI/1 ) 9TEGRITY4 

,FROM 3 ,A ,%ORT ,BIOGRAPHY ( ,MURRAY ,BOOK*91 BY ,JANET ,BIEHL1 FROM ,AN>*Y ,>*IVES4 

,WORKS 3 

,AU?OR ( ,! ,AM]ICAN ,CRISIS 7,JANU>Y #c#a1 #a#i#h7 

,AU?OR ( ,! ,AM]ICAN ,CRISIS1 ,I,I 7,JANU>Y #c#a1 #a#i#h7 

,AU?OR ( ,A ,M$ITATION ON ,AN>*I/ ,E?ICS 7,NOVEMB] #c1 #a#i#i#c7 

,AU?OR ( ,AN>*ISM3 ,PA/ & ,PRES5T 7,MAY #b#i1 #a#i#h7 

,AU?OR ( ,AN>*Y & ,ORGANIZATION3 ,A ,LETT] TO ! ,LEFT 7,JANU>Y #a#e1 #a#i#f#i7 

,AU?OR ( ,COMM5TS ON 444 ! 0,DEEP ,SOCIAL ,ECOLOGY0 ( ,JOHN ,CL>K 7,SEPTEMB] #b1 #a#i#i#e7 

,AU?OR ( ,! ,COMMUNI/ ,MANIFE/O3 ,9SI<TS & ,PROBLEMS 7,NOVEMB] #c1 #a#i#i#g7 

,AU?OR ( ,COMMUNITY ,CONTROL OR ,/ATI/ ,POLITICS3 ,A ,REPLY TO ,DAVID ,LEWIS 7,MAY #a#c1 #a#i#i#a7 

,AU?OR ( ,! ,CRISIS 9 ! ,ECOLOGY ,MOVEM5T 7,APRIL #c1 #a#i#h#h7 

,AU?OR ( ,A ,CRITIQUE ( ! ,DRAFT ,PROGRAM ( ! ,LEFT ,GRE5 ,NETWORK 7,MAY #c#a1 #a#i#i#a7 

,AU?OR ( ,DEA? ( A ,SMALL ,PLANET 7,JULY #c#a1 #a#i#h#i7 

,AU?OR ( ,ECOLOGY & ,REVOLUTION>Y ,?\<T 7,NOVEMB] #c1 #a#i#f#c7 

,AU?OR ( ,F9D+ ,! ,SUBJECT3 ,NOTES ON ,:ITEBOOK & 0,HAB]MAS ,L,T,D40 7,NOVEMB] #c1 #a#i#h7 

,AU?OR ( ,FROM ,SPECTACLE TO ,EMP[]M5T3 ,GRASS ,ROOTS ,DEMOCRACY & ! ,PEACE ,PROCESS 7,NOVEMB] #c1 #a#i#h#b7 

,AU?OR ( ,! ,<O/ ( ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALISM 7,JANU>Y #a1 #a#i#g7 

,AU?OR ( ,HI/ORY1 ,CIVILIZATION & ,PROGRESS3 ,\TL9E = A ,CRITICISM ( ,MOD]N ,RELATIVISM 7,FEBRU>Y #a#e1 #a#i#i#d7 

,AU?OR ( ,9TELLIG5TSIA & ! ,NEW ,9TELLECTUALS 7,NOVEMB] #c1 #a#i#i7 

,AU?OR ( ,LIB]T>IAN ,MUNICIPALISM3 ,! ,NEW ,MUNICIPAL ,AG5DA 7,NOVEMB] #c1 #a#i#h#f7 

,AU?OR ( ,LIB]T>IAN ,MUNICIPALISM3 ,AN ,OV]VIEW 7,SEPTEMB] #c1 #a#i#i#a7 

,AU?OR ( ,LI/51 ,M>XI/6 7,NOVEMB] #c1 #a#i#g7 

,AU?OR ( ,! ,MEAN+ ( ,CONF$]ALISM 7,OCTOB] #c#a1 #a#i#h#i7 

,AU?OR ( ,MUNICIPALIZATION3 ,COMMUNITY ,[N]%IP ( ! ,ECONOMY 7,JANU>Y #c#a1 #a#i#h#f7 

,AU?OR ( ,! ,MURRAY ,BOOK*9 ,READ] 7,NOVEMB] #c1 #a#i#i#f7 

,AU?OR ( ,ON 0,REMAK+ ( ! ,AM]ICAN ,LEFT0 7,JANU>Y #a1 #a#i#g7 

,AU?OR ( ,\R ,SYN!TIC ,5VIRONM5T 7,NOVEMB] #c1 #a#i#f#a7 

,AU?OR ( ,A ,PHILOSOPHICAL ,NATURALISM 7,NOVEMB] #c1 #a#i#i#d7 

,AU?OR ( ,POPUL> ,POLITICS VS4 ,P>TY ,POLITICS 7,NOVEMB] #c1 #a#i#h#c7 

,AU?OR ( ,! ,POPULATION ,MY?3 ,P>T ,I 7,JUNE #c1 #a#i#h#h7 

,AU?OR ( ,! ,POPULATION ,MY?3 ,P>T ,I,I 7,M>* #c#a1 #a#i#h#i7 

,AU?OR ( ,RADICAL ,POLITICS 9 AN ,]A ( ,ADVANC$ ,CAPITALISM 7,OCTOB] #c#a1 #a#i#h#i7 

,AU?OR ( ,RADICALIZ+ ,DEMOCRACY3 ,AN ,9T]VIEW ) ,MURRAY ,BOOK*9 7,JANU>Y #a1 #a#i#g7 

,AU?OR ( ,RECOV]+ ,EVOLUTION3 ,A ,REPLY TO ,ECK]SLEY & ,FOX 7,NOVEMB] #c1 #a#i#h#i7 

,AU?OR ( ,RESOLUTION3 0,ON ,GUB]NATORIAL ,RACES0 7,JULY #a1 #a#i#i7 

,AU?OR ( ,SOCIAL ,AN>*ISM OR ,LIFE/YLE ,AN>*ISM3 ,AN ,UNBRIDGEABLE ,*ASM 7,JANU>Y #a1 #a#i#g7 

,AU?OR ( ,SOCIAL ,ECOLOGY V]SUS ,DEEP ,ECOLOGY 7,NOVEMB] #c1 #a#i#h#f7 

,AU?OR ( ,SOCIETY & ,ECOLOGY 7,JANU>Y #a1 #a#i#g7 

,AU?OR ( ,TO ,REMEMB] ,SPA9 7,NOVEMB] #c1 #a#i#i#c7 

,AU?OR ( ,T[>DS A ,LIB]ATORY ,TE*NOLOGY1 ,P>T #b 7,NOVEMB] #c1 #a#i#f#d7 

,AU?OR ( ,T[>D A ,NEW ,K9D ( ,POLITICAL ,PRACTICE 7,DECEMB] #c#a1 #a#i#h#e7 

,AU?OR ( ,T[>D A PO/-SC>CITY SOCIETY3 ! ,AM]ICAN P]SPECTIVE & ! ,S,D,S 7,APRIL #c1 #a#i#f#i7 

,AU?OR ( ,TURN+ UP ! ,/ONES 7,JANU>Y #a1 #a#i#g7 

,AU?OR ( ,! ,TWILI<T ,COMES ,E>LY 7,OCTOB] #c#a1 #b#d7 

,AU?OR ( ,:AT ,IS ,COMMUNALISM8 ,! ,DEMOCRATIC ,DIM5SION ,( ,AN>*ISM 7,SEPTEMB] #a#h1 #a#i#i#d7 

,AU?OR ( ,:AT IS ,SOCIAL ,ECOLOGY8 7,NOVEMB] #c1 #a#i#i#b7 

,AU?OR ( ,:I!R ,AN>*ISM8 ,A ,REPLY TO ,REC5T ,AN>*I/ ,CRITICS 7,NOVEMB] #c1 #a#i#i#g7 

,AU?OR ( ,WILL ,ECOLOGY ,BECOME ! ',DISMAL ,SCI5CE'8 7,NOVEMB] #c1 #a#i#i#a7 

,AU?OR ( ,YES6--,:I!R ,E>? ,FIR/8 7,AUGU/ #c#a1 #a#i#h#h7 

,AU?OR ( ,DEF5D+ ! ,E>?3 ,A ,DEBATE 7,NOVEMB] #c1 #a#i#i7 

,AU?OR ( ,! ,ECOLOGY ( ,FRE$OM 7,NOVEMB] #c1 #a#i#h#a7 

,AU?OR ( ,! ,COMMUNALI/ ,PROJECT 7,NOVEMB] #c1 #b#a7 

,AU?OR ( ,FRE$OM & ,NECESSITY 9 ,NATURE3 ,A ,PROBLEM 9 ,ECOLOGICAL ,E?ICS 7,JANU>Y #a1 #a#i#g7 

,AU?OR ( ,ON ,SPONTANEITY & ,ORGANISATION 7,NOVEMB] #c1 #a#i#g#d7 

,AU?OR ( ,PO/-,AFFLU5CE ,AN>*Y3 ,A ,DIALOGUE 7,NOVEMB] #c1 #a#i#g#b7 

,AU?OR ( ,PO/-,SC>CITY ,AN>*ISM 7,SEPTEMB] #c1 #a#i#f#g7 

,AU?OR ( ,RADICAL ,AGRICULTURE 7,NOVEMB] #c1 #a#i#g#a7 

,AU?OR ( ,SOCIOBIOLOGY OR ,SOCIAL ,ECOLOGY 7,NOVEMB] #c1 #a#i#i#b7 

,AU?OR ( ,/ATE ,CAPITALISM 9 ,RUSSIA 7,JULY #c#a1 #a#i#e7 

,AU?OR ( ,! ,B]NIE ,S&]S ,P>ADOX 7,OCTOB] #c#a1 #a#i#h#f7 

,AU?OR ( ,! ,GRE5+ ( ,POLITICS 7,DECEMB] #c#a1 #a#i#h#e7 

,AU?OR ( ,T[>D A ,COMMUNALI/ ,APPROA* 7,NOVEMB] #c1 #b#e7 

,AU?OR ( ,! ,AN>*I/ ,COLLECTIVES 7,NOVEMB] #c1 #a#i#g#c7 

,AU?OR ( ,A ,DISCUSSION ON 0,LI/51 ,M>XI/60 7,JANU>Y #a1 #a#i#g7 

,AU?OR ( ,! ,AN>*I/ ,REVOLUTION 7,JANU>Y #a1 #a#i#g7 

,AU?OR ( ,A ,NOTE ON ,AFF9ITY ,GR\PS 7,JANU>Y #a1 #a#i#g7 

,AU?OR ( ,ATTACKS ON ,ISRAEL ,IGNORE ! ,LONG ,HI/ORY ( ,>AB ,CONFLICT 7,JANU>Y #a1 #a#i#g7 

,AU?OR ( ,BETWE5 ! #cS & ! #fS 7,JANU>Y #a1 #a#i#g7 

,AU?OR ( ,BOOK*9-,OCALAN ,CORRESPOND5CE 7,JANU>Y #a1 #a#i#g7 

,AU?OR ( ,COMMUNALISM1 ! ,DEMOCRATIC ,DIM5SION ( ,AN>*ISM 7,JANU>Y #a1 #a#i#g7 

,AU?OR ( ,DEEP ,ECOLOGY @& ,AN>*ISM 7,JANU>Y #a1 #a#i#g7 

,AU?OR ( ,DESIRE & ,NE$ 7,JANU>Y #a1 #a#i#g7 

,AU?OR ( ,! ,=MS ( ,FRE$OM 7,JANU>Y #a1 #a#i#g7 

,AU?OR ( ,FREE ,CITIES 7,JANU>Y #a1 #a#i#g7 

,AU?OR ( ,9T]VIEW ) ,MURRAY ,BOOK*9 7,JANU>Y #a1 #a#i#g7 

,AU?OR ( ,! ,LEFT ,?AT ,WAS 7,JANU>Y #a1 #a#i#g7 

,AU?OR ( ,! ,LIMITS ( ! ,CITY 7,JANU>Y #a1 #a#i#g7 

,AU?OR ( ,! ,MAY-,JUNE ,EV5TS 9 ,FRANCE 7,JANU>Y #a1 #a#i#g7 

,AU?OR ( ,MY? ( ! ,P>TY 7,JANU>Y #a1 #a#i#g7 

,AU?OR ( ,NATIONALISM & ! 0,NATIONAL ,QUE/ION0 7,JANU>Y #a1 #a#i#g7 

,AU?OR ( ,NATURE & ,IDEOLOGY 7,JANU>Y #a1 #a#i#g7 

,AU?OR ( ,! ,NEXT ,REVOLUTION 7,JANU>Y #a1 #a#i#g7 

,AU?OR ( ,NOTES ON ! ,DEA? ( ,FRANCO 7,JANU>Y #a1 #a#i#g7 

,AU?OR ( ,! ,PHILOSOPHY ( ,SOCIAL ,ECOLOGY 7,JANU>Y #a1 #a#i#g7 

,AU?OR ( ,RE-5*ANT+ ,HUMANITY 7,JANU>Y #a1 #a#i#g7 

,AU?OR ( ,REMAK+ ,SOCIETY 7,JANU>Y #a1 #a#i#g7 

,AU?OR ( ,SECOND ,NATURE 7,JANU>Y #a1 #a#i#g7 

,AU?OR ( ,SOCIAL ,ECOLOGY & ,COMMUNALISM 7,JANU>Y #a1 #a#i#g7 

,AU?OR ( ,SOCIAL ,ECOLOGY & ,DEMOCRATIC ,CONF$]ALISM 7,JANU>Y #a1 #a#i#g7 

,AU?OR ( ,?\<TS ON ,LIB]T>IAN ,MUNICIPALISM 7,JANU>Y #a1 #a#i#g7 

,AU?OR ( ,T[>D AN ,ECOLOGICAL ,SOCIETY 7,JANU>Y #a1 #a#i#g7 

,AU?OR ( ,URBANIZATION ,)\T ,CITIES 7,JANU>Y #a1 #a#i#g7 

,AU?OR ( ,W]E ,WE ,WRONG8 7,JANU>Y #a1 #a#i#g7 

,AU?OR ( ,:Y DO+ ! IMPOSSIBLE IS ! MO/ RATIONAL ?+ WE CAN DO 7,JANU>Y #a1 #a#i#g7 

,AU?OR ( ,REPLY FROM ,MURRAY ,BOOK*9 TO '#e? ( ,MAY ,GR\P' ON ,TURKI% ,AN>*ISM 7,JUNE #g1 #a#i#i#h7 

,AU?OR ( ,REPLY TO ,A,C,F 7,AN>*I/-,COMMUNI/ ,F$]ATION7 7,NOVEMB] #c1 #a#i#i#e7 

,AU?OR ( ,! ,SPANI% ,AN>*I/S 7,NOVEMB] #c1 #a#i#g#g7 

,AU?OR ( ,! ,?IRD ,REVOLUTION 7,JANU>Y #a1 #a#i#g7 

,AU?OR ( ,! ,UNITY ( ,IDEALS & ,PRACTICE 7,JANU>Y #a1 #a#i#g7 

,AU?OR ( ,UTOPIA1 ,NOT ,FUTURISM 7,NOVEMB] #c1 #a#i#g#g7 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
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,NOVEMB] #a#e1 #baf 3 ,MURRAY ,BOOK*9'S ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #a1 #bbb 3 ,MURRAY ,BOOK*9'S ,UPDAT$4 

,L9KS 3 
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HTTPS3_/_/!AN>*I/LIBR>Y4ORG_/CATEGORY_/AU?OR_/MURRAY-BOOK*9 
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