,AN>*I/S ,BEH9D ,B>S 

#aiba 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,GA/ON ,LEVAL 

,TAGS 3 CONGRESS ( ! R$ 9T]NATIONAL1 TRADE UNION1 R$ >MY1 BUTYRKY PRISON1 GA/ON LEVAL1 PEOPLE'S COMMISS>1 :ITE G5]ALS1 HUNG] /RIKE1 OLGA MAXIM(F1 TOM MANN4 

,TEXT 3 

,FROM 
! UPCOM+ 0,NO ,GODS1 ,NO ,MA/]S0 $IT$ BY ,DANIEL ,GU]91 TO 
BE PUBLI%$ BY ,A,K ,PRESS ! SUMM] ( #aiig 

,AN>*I/S ,BEH9D ,B>S 7,SUMM] #a#i#b#a7 
BY ,GA/ON ,LEVAL 

  

  

,PHOTO BY ,HEA!R ,C[P]1,C,C ,B,Y ,LIC5SE ,ONCE ,I DISCOV]$ ?AT !RE W]E 
SO MANY ( \R COMRADES 9 PRISON1 ,I >RANG$1 TOGE!R ) ! ,FR5* 
SYNDICALI/ DELEGATES TO MAKE OV]TURES TO ,DZ]ZH9SKY1 ! ,PEOPLE'S ,COMMISS> 
= ! ,9T]IOR1 IMPLICITLY OB$I5T TO ,L594 ,BE+ W>Y ( ME1 MY FELL[ 
DELEGATES *OSE ,JOAQU9 ,MAUR9 TO SPEAK ON BEHALF ( ! ,C,N,T DELEGATION4 
,MAUR9 REPORT$ BACK ON !IR FIR/ AUDI5CE4 ,AT ! SI<T ( ! LI/ 
( ! PRISON]S :OSE RELEASE WAS BE+ S\<T1 ,DZ]ZH9SKY BLAN*$1 
!N W5T R$ ) FURY1 >GU+ ?AT !SE M5 W]E C\NT]REVOLUTION>IES 
9 CAHOOTS ) ! ,:ITE G5]ALS3 HE ACCUS$ !M ( HAV+ D]AIL$ 
TRA9LOADS ( ,R$ ,>MY TROOPS & ( BE+ RESPONSIBLE = ! DEA?S ( 
?\S&S ( SOLDI]S1 9 ! ,UKRA9E ESPECIALLY4 

,WE W]E UNABLE TO PROBE ANY FUR!R 
9TO :AT HAD HAPP5$ & ,MAUR9 & HIS FRI5DS AMONG \R DELEGATION 
WON ! DAY4 ,NOT ?AT ,I GAVE UP1 ANY MORE1 9DE$1 ?AN A NUMB] ( DELEGATES 
( O!R NATIONALITIES DID1 & WE PRESS$ ON ) \R LOBBY+4 ,NOT A 
S+LE PIECE ( EVID5CE HAD BE5 ADDUC$ TO BACK ,DZ]ZH9SKY'S CLAIMS1 
NOT SO MU* AS ONE CRIM9AL 9DICTM5T4 ,NO 9DICTM5T1 NO TRIAL1 NO JUDGES1 
LET ALONE DEF5SE LAWY]S3 !RE WAS NONE ( ?AT4 ,:ATEV] ! 0PEOPLE'S 
COMMISS>10 :OSE JOB IT WAS TO DEF5D ! REGIME1 MI<T HAVE SAID1 
?IS WAS A CASE ( >BITR>Y IMPRISONM5T4 ,WE P]SI/$4 ,AS MY FELL[ DELEGATES 
TOOK ! L9E ?AT IT WAS HOPELESS & BANI%$ ! MATT] FROM !IR M9DS1 
!Y AT LA/ LEFT IT TO ME TO TAKE =MAL *>GE ( IT4 ,! PEOPLE'S COMMISS> 
= ,PUBLIC ,$UCATION1 ,LUNA*>SKY1 VISIBLY DISCOMFIT$ BY ! ROLE HE WAS 
=C$ TO PLAY 9 ! NAME ( P>TY DISCIPL9E1 WAS DISPAT*$ TO US ON 
TWO OCCASIONS BUT1 BE+ UNABLE TO TAKE ANY DECISIONS1 HE M]ELY ACT$ 
AS AN 9T]M$I>Y1 RECEIV+ & PASS+ ON REQUE/S & RESPONSES4 ,AFT] 
,LUNA*>SKY1 !Y S5T US ,ULRIKH1 A SIGNIFICANT & MY/]I\S BIGWIG FROM 
! PROSECUTION (FICE4 ,?IS AGA9 WAS A WA/E ( TIME & ! WEEKS SLIPP$ 
BY4 ,!Y W]E ASSUR$LY DET]M9$ TO WE> US D[N4 

,I REGUL>LY W5T TO SEE ,EMMA ,GOLDMAN 
& ,ALEX&] ,B]KMAN4 ,?R\< !IR TWO ROOMS P>AD$ ! WIVES :OSE 
SP\SES W]E IMPRISON$4 ,WORRI$ & DI/RAU<T1 !Y SOMETIMES BROKE D[N 
9 TE>S4 ,& ,I LI/5$ TO ! ODYSSEY1 ! LIVES ( !SE M5 :O HAD 
FALL5 VICTIM TO ! SO-CALL$ SOCIALI/ ,/ATE4 ,VICTOR ,S]GE HIMSELF1 :O 
FROM TIME TO TIME S9C]ELY KEPT A FOOT 9 BO? CAMPS1 & C>RI$ ON WRIT+ 
>TICLES 9 ! WE/]N PRESS 9 FAVOR ( ! REGIME1 FILL$ ME 9 ON !IR 
BACKGR\ND4 ,MAXIM(F WAS AN AN>*O-SYNDICALI/ !ORETICIAN ( /ATURE1 
9CAPABLE ( P]PETRAT+ AN ACT ( ANTI-SOVIET SABOTAGE4 ,Y>T*UK WAS 
! ]/:ILE SECRET>Y ( ! SOVIET 9 ,KRON/ADT :]E ,Z9OVIEV HAD S\<T 
REFUGE :5 ,K]5SKY ORD]$ HIM >RE/$4 ,VOL9E1 ! BOTE NOIRE ( GOV]NM5T 
CIRCLES1 WAS AN AN>*O-SYNDICALI/ !ORETICIAN1 A LECTUR]1 A GIFT$ 
WRIT] :O HAD BE5 LIV+ 9 EXILE AT ! TIME ( ! REVOLUTION AGA9/ 
CZ>ISM4 ,SU* & SU* WAS N[ 9 PRISON1 SOMEONE ELSE BANI%$ TO ,SIB]IA4 
,& ALL ( !SE AU!NTIC REVOLUTION>IES W]E N[ LANGUI%+ 9 JAILS 
:I* SOME ( !M1 SU* AS ,M>IA ,SPIRIDONOVA1 HAD OCCUPI$ YE>S E>LI]4 

,WE S\<T P]MISSION TO VISIT !M 
& AL?\< WE W]E DELEGATES FROM TRADE UNION ORGANIZATIONS :I* IT 
WAS HOP$ TO W9 OV]1 P]MISSION WAS D5I$4 ,I REMEMB] ?AT 9 ! ,SPA9 
( ,ALFONSO ,X,I,I,I1 :]E ,I HAD COME FROM1 & DUR+ ONE ( ! MO/ FE>FUL 
REPRESSIONS ?AT C\NTRY EV] EXP]I5C$1 ASIDE FROM ! ,FRANCO ]A1 WE 
W]E /ILL ABLE TO VISIT PRISON]S1 UNLESS !Y W]E BE+ HELD 9 SECRET4 
,9 ! ,MODELO PRISON 9 ,VAL5CIA & 9 ! ONE 9 ,B>CELONA1 MY FRI5DS 
HAD HAD NO DIFFICULTY 9 SEE+ ME4 ,!Y HAD ONLY TO ASK = ME DUR+ 
VISIT+ H\RS & ! W>D]S W\LD ESCORT ME D[N TO ! VISIT+ ROOM4 
,9 ! VILLAGES ( ,SPA9 ?R\< :I* ,I PASS$ LAT] ,I WAS ALWAYS ABLE 
TO VISIT MY IMPRISON$ COMRADES4 ,9 ! ,RUSSIA ( ,L59 & ,TROTSKY1 ?IS 
WAS IMPOSSIBLE4 ,MO/ ( ! DELEGATES DID NOT PRESS ! MATT]4 ,NOT KN[+ 
:AT ELSE TO DO4 ,BUT ,I /UCK TO MY GUNS4 ,ACCUSATIONS W]E NOT 5\<4 ,WE 
W]E (F]$ NO PRO( & !RE W]E TOO MANY VALID *ALL5GES CONTRADICT+ 
! AU?ORITIES' ALLEGATIONS4 

,I WAS 9T5T UPON HAV+ PRO(4 ,AMONG 
! FEMALE COMRADES :OM ,I MET AT ,EMMA ,GOLDMAN'S PLACE WAS ,OLGA ,MAXIM(F#f1 
A T9Y1 ?IRTY YE> OLD BRUNET ( AV]AGE HEI<T1 RA9$ BY H] ORDEALS4 
,%E HAD MET H] SP\SE :ILE A DEPORTEE 9 ,SIB]IA UND] CZ>ISM1 HIS CIRCUM/ANCES 
BE+ ! SAME4 ,%E SUGGE/$ TO ME ?AT ,I 5T] ! ,BUTYRKY PRISON ! 
NEXT DAY TO SPEAK ) \R COMRADES4 ,I W\LD GO 9 ) H] & O!R PRISON]S' 
WIVES & W\LD BE SUPPLI$ ) ,RUSSIAN PAP]S TO GET ME PA/ ! GU>DS4 
,I MI<T FAIL1 BUT ,I AGRE$ TO *ANCE IT4 ,! FOLL[+ DAY1 (F ,I W5T 
) F\R COMRADES :O W]E TRAVEL+ AS A P>TY4 ,!IR B>E FEET SLIPP$ 
UPON ! SMALL COBBLES & GRAVEL ( ! CITY /REETS4 ,TWO ( !M C>RI$1 
HANG+ FROM !IR %\LD]S1 A HUGE CANVAS BAG CONTA9+ A FEW PROVISIONS 
OBTA9$ ) GREAT DIFFICULTY4 ,! Y\NGE/ ( !M1 ,Y>T*UK'S WIFE1 
HAD F\<T ON ! B>RICADES 9 ,PETROGRAD & ,MOSC[1 9 ORD] TO BR+ 
D[N1 FIR/1 CZ>ISM & !N ! ,K]5SKY GOV]NM5T4 

,AT ! 5TRANCE TO ! PRISON1 !RE 
WAS A FEMALE S5TRY ON DUTY4 ,%E KNEW MY FEMALE COMRADES & B>ELY GLANC$ 
AT !IR VISIT+ P]MITS4 ,I H&$ H] MY PAP]S )\T UTT]+ A WORD 
& %E RETURN$ !M TO ME ) ! COMM5T 0,DA10 TO :I* ,I 
RESPOND$ ) A SMILE4 ,TWO ( ! WOM5 5GAG$ H] 9 CONV]SATION AB\T 
SOME?+ :ILE ,I W&]$ (F ) ! O!RS4 ,WE CROSS$ A C\RTY>D 
& 5T]$ ! VISIT+ ROOM4 ,! COMRADES CALL$ \T ! NAMES ( ! 
PRISON]S :OM !Y WI%$ TO SEE1 ,VOL9E 9CLUD$4 ,! GAP BETWE5 ! 
VISITORS & ! 9MATES WAS NO B> TO ALMO/ DIRECT CONTACT1 & NO MEMB] 
( /AFF1 OR POLICEMAN1 LI/5$ 9 ON ! CONV]SATIONS1 :I*1 = ME1 
WAS CONFIRMATION ?AT ?IS WAS A CASE ( PREV5TIVE DET5TION1 ) NO 
9QUIRY & NO C\RT PROCE$+S 9VOLV$4 

,9 CAME ! PRISON]S4 0,?IS 
IS ,GA/ON ,LEVAL10 ONE ( ! WOM5 TOLD ,VOL9E1 A MAN ( AV]AGE HEI<T1 
>\ND =TY FIVE YE>S ( AGE1 WE>+ A BLACK BE>D & ) ! SPL5DID 
HEAD ( A ,JEWI% 9TELLECTUAL4 ,MY NAME WAS KN[N TO HIM BECAUSE HE HAD 
HE>D TELL ( ME4 ,EFFUSIVELY1 HE %OOK MY H&1 SPEAK+ TO ME 9 V]Y 
CORRECT ,FR5*4 ,!N1 AT ! RISK ( />TL+ HIM & LOOK+ A BIT RIDICUL\S1 
BUT BECAUSE ,I WAS KE5 TO CONDUCT AN UTT]LY IMP>TIAL 9VE/IGATION1 ,I 
ASK$ HIM TO BRIEF ME 9 DETAIL AB\T :AT HE HAD BE5 UP TO S9CE HIS 
RETURN TO ,RUSSIA4 

,OV] AN H\R OR AN H\R & A HALF1 
) PA9/AK+ PRECISION1 :ILE ,I MADE NOTES1 ,VOL9E EXPLA9$ HIS WORK 
AS A PROPAG&I/ & FI<T]4 ,AFT] A T\R ( ! PRISON SY/EM1 ,VOL9E 
HAD W\ND UP 9 ,BUTYRKY4 ,HE RELAT$ HIS ODYSSEY TO ME 9 A V]Y DETAIL$ 
MANN]1 REHE>S+ ! FACTS1 DATES1 NAMES1 T[NS & VILLAGES4 ,&1 ALONG 
) ! RE/ ( ! PRISON]S1 HE DEM&$ A PUBLIC TRIAL4 74 4 47 ,I RETURN$ 
TO ! ,LUX ,HOTEL1 DET]M9$ TO C>RY ON ! CAMPAIGN TO RELEASE MY COMRADES4 
,BUT BY ! TIME ! CONGRESS ( ! ,R$ ,9T]NATIONAL ( ,LABOR ,UNIONS OP5$1 
WE HAD NOT MOV$ =W>D BY A S+LE CONCESSION1 PROMISE OR HOPE4 ,ON FIVE 
OR SIX OCCASIONS ALREADY WE HAD MET ) DELEGATES FROM ! ,SOVIET AU?ORITIES 
& ON EV]Y OCCASION RELATIONS HAD BE5 BROK5 (F OR SUSP5D$ )\T 
RESULT4 ,!Y W]E /ICK+ TO ! TACTICS ( ATTRITION4 

,!N ! COMRADES 9 ! ,BUTYRKY 
EMB>K$ UPON A HUNG] /RIKE4 ,!Y SMUGGL$ \T A MANIFE/O WRITT5 9 
,FR5* 9 :I* !Y ASK$ SYNDICALI/ DELEGATES TO LOBBY ! ,RUSSIAN AU?ORITIES 
ON BEHALF ( !IR RELEASE & FRE$OM ( ?\<T & EXPRESSION = ALL 
REVOLUTION>IES4 ,BUT ! DI%E>T5$ DELEGATES TO :OM !Y APPEAL$ M]ELY 
DEPLOR$ ! /RIKE :I* WAS AN EMB>RASSM5T TO !M4 ,?REE1 F\R & 
FIVE DAYS PASS$4 ,I C\LD DO NO?+ AT ! CONGRESS4 ,M>G9ALIZ$ BY MY 
FELL[-DELEGATES & UNUS$ AS ,I WAS ON ACC\NT ( ! CL&E/9E ACTIVITY 
TO :I* ,I HAD BE5 CONDEMN$ ?US F> TO MANEUV]S & C\NT]-MANEUV]S1 
COMMISSIONS & BACK/AIRS LOBBY+1 ,I WAS R$UC$ TO 9ACTIVITY & P[]LESSNESS4 
,AL?\< MORE COH]5T &1 = ! MO/ P>T1 OPPOSITIONI/1 ! ,FR5* 
DELEGATION WAS LIKEWISE UNABLE TO DO MU* MORE4 ,\R COMRADES PRESS$ ON 
) !IR HUNG] /RIKE4 ,WE W]E TOLD ?AT 9 ,OREL & 9 O!R T[NS 
:OSE NAMES ,I CANNOT N[ RECALL1 !RE W]E SIMIL> /RIKES & ?AT TWO 
OR ?REE ( ! /RIK]S HAD P]I%$4 ,:I* WAS NOT IMPOSSIBLE1 = ALL 
( ,RUSSIA'S JAILS W]E BULG+ ) PRISON]S :O HAD BE5 PROMPT$ TO 
PROTE/ BY ! 9T]NATIONAL CONGRESSES1 9 ! HOPE ?AT !IR VOICES 
MI<T REA* BEYOND ! BORD]S ( ,BOL%EVIK ,RUSSIA4 ,:AT ELSE WAS !RE 
= !M TO DO8 

,FIVE DAYS1 SIX DAYS1 SEV5 DAYS4 
,ONE OR TWO DELEGATES MADE ISOLAT$ EF=TS BUT ALL TO NO AVAIL4 ,AT ,EMMA 
,GOLDMAN'S & ,ALEX&] ,B]KMAN'S AP>TM5TS C\LD ,I /ILL SEE \R COMRADES' 
WOM5FOLK1 DI/RAU<T & TORM5T$ & OCCASIONALLY 9 TE>S 9 ?AT NEWS 
( EXECUTIONS MI<T >RIVE AT ANY TIME4 ,OLGA ,MAXIM(F >RIV$ TO TACKLE 
ME AGA9 AT ! CONGRESS &1 KN[+ NO ,FR5*1 %E TUGG$ AT MY JACKET 
:ILE REPEAT+ 9 TONES ( SUPPLICATION & ) PLEAD+ EYES ?AT ,I 
CAN /ILL HE> & SEE2 0,COMRADE ,LEVAL1 ,COMRADE ,LEVAL60 ,SEV5 
DAYS1 EI<T DAYS1 N9E DAYS6 ,WE W]E DI/RAU<T1 NOT KN[+ :]E TO TURN4 
,& ,I F\ND ! OPPOSITION DELEGATES P[]LESS & DI%E>T5$4 ,O!RS1 
P[]LESS TO DO ANY?+1 EV5 TOOK \R COMRADES TO TASK = HAV+ EXPLOIT$ 
!IR PRES5CE & PLAC$ !M 9 AN UNCOM=TABLE POSITION4 

,F9ALLY1 ON ! ELEV5? DAY1 AFT] 
ONE F9AL PLEA FROM DE>1 GOOD ,OLGA ,MAXIM(F1 ,I MANAG$ TO P]SUADE TWO 
OR ?REE DELEGATIONS AT ! CONGRESS TO MAKE A SUPREME EF=T4 ,O!RS FOLL[$ 
SUIT4 ,%ORTLY AFT]W>DS >\ND FIFTE5 ( US SET (F = ! ,KREML94 
,WE W]E (F TO SPEAK ) ! MA/] ( ,RUSSIA1 ,L594 ,>RIV+ \TSIDE 
ONE ( ! P]IMET] GATES AT ! ,KREML91 WE RAN 9TO ! GU>DS4 ,ONE 
( US1 ,MI*EL ,KNELL]1 A ,RUSSIAN-SPEAK]1 EXPLA9$ \R DESIRE TO SEE 0TOV>IT*0 
,L594 ,NOTE WAS TAK5 ( \R NAMES & ( ! =EIGN DELEGATIONS REPRES5T$4 
,TELEPHONE CALLS1 WAIT+4 ,AFT] A QU>T] ( AN H\R1 A POSITIVE RESPONSE4 
,TWO TROOP]S1 ,*EKI/S NO D\BT1 ESCORT$ US ?R\< ! MAZE ( /REETS4 
,WE PASS$ PALACES & SUMPTU\S MANSIONS & *APELS 9 ! ANCI5T RESID5CE 
( ,RURIK4 ,\TSIDE ! BUILD+ :]E ,L59 WAS1 WE BUMP$ 9TO ANO!R 
GU>D :O REFUS$ TO LET US PROCE$ ANY FUR!R4 ,WE EXPLA9$ :O WE W]E4 
,BUT HE HAD HAD NO ORD]S4  

,WE HAD TO WRITE ANO!R NOTE RE-APPLY+ 
= AN AUDI5CE ) COMRADE ,L591 :O S5T US1 9 REPLY1 ANO!R NOTE 
9 RA!R FLAW$ ,FR5*1 ASK+ US TO BE SPECIFIC AS TO ! OBJECT ( \R 
VISIT & APOLOGIZ+ = ! FACT ?AT HE C\LD NOT RECEIVE US1 BE+ 
SWAMP$ ) WORK4 ,WE SCRIBBL$ A FUR!R NOTE1 SIGN$ BY EV]Y ONE ( 
US 9 TURN4 ,WE REPRES5T$ >\ND T5 =EIGN TRADE UNION ORGANIZATIONS1 
:I* MU/ HAVE C\NT$ = SOME?+ 9 ! RECKON+S ( ! TACTICIAN 
:O MISS$ NO?+4 ,& BACK CAME ! ,*EKI/ TROOP]1 BE>+1 AT LA/1 
ONE LA/ NOTE FROM ,L591 :O AGRE$ TO SEE US4 ,WE W]E %[N UP ON TO 
! FIR/ FLOOR1 9TO A ROOM :]E WE WAIT$ = A LONG TIME1 CURI\S & 
ON $GE4 ,!N A DOOR OP5$ BEH9D US & ,L59 APPE>$1 QUITE SMALL1 
) A ,MONGOLOID FACE1 EYES SQU9T+ & GR9N+ 9 ICY IRONY4 ,ONE BY 
ONE1 HE %OOK H&S ) US ALL1 ASK+ \R NAME & ! DELEGATION TO 
:I* WE BELONG$4 ,& :ILE HE QUE/ION$ US1 & WE ANSW]$1 HE FIX$ 
US 9 HIS AMUS$1 P5ETRAT+ GAZE ) DISCONC]T+ 9DIFF]5CE4 

,!N HE 9VIT$ US TO GO ?R\< 
TO AN ADJO9+ ROOM & BE SEAT$ >\ND A HUGE RECTANGUL> TABLE4 ,HE 
TOOK HIS [N SEAT4 ,TOM ,MANN1 ! ,5GLI% TRADE UNION DELEGATE & ! MO/ 
PROM95T FIGURE AMONG US1 SAT NE> HIM & SPELL$ \T1 9 ,5GLI%1 ! 
PURPOSE ( \R VISIT4 ,WE HAD MADE UP \R M9DS TO SEEK1 NOT JU/ ! RELEASE 
( \R COMRADES JAIL$ 9 ! ,BUTYRKY1 BUT ( ALL LEFT-W+ REVOLUTION>IES4 
,9 ,5GLI%1 ,L59 ANSW]$ \R SPOKESMAN :O HE>D HIM \T ATT5TIVELY1 
HIS FACE ALL 9TELLIG5CE1 SMIL+ & RUDDY3 9 ! 5D1 SEEM+LY CONV9C$1 
HE NODD$ HIS AGREEM5T4 ,:]EUPON ! MA/] ( ! ,KREML9 TRANSLAT$ 
HIS REPLY 9TO ,FR5*4 ,HE REIT]AT$ ! *>GES MADE BY ,DZ]ZH9SKY1 ANN\NC+ 
?AT \R OV]TURES W]E \T ( PLACE4 ,?OSE 9 PRISON W]E NOT TRUE AN>*I/S 
NOR IDEALI/S1 JU/ B&ITS ABUS+ \R GOOD 9T5TIONS4 ,! EVID5CE = 
?IS WAS ?AT !RE W]E AN>*I/S1 REAL ONES1 COLLABORAT+ ) ! 
,BOL%EVIKS & HOLD+ (FICIAL POSITIONS4 ,& HE CAME TO ,VOL9E :O1 ) 
,MAKHNO1 HAS HAD TRA9S D]AIL$ 9 ! ,UKRA9E & BUT*]$ ?\S&S 
( ,R$ ,>MY SOLDI]S & ALLI$ HIMSELF ) ! ,:ITE G5]AL1 ,D5IK91 
AGA9/ ! ,BOL%EVIKS40 ,ON ?IS P>TICUL> MATT]1 ,I WAS 9 POSSESSION 
( RA!R DETAIL$ 9=MATION4 ,AMONG O!R ?+S1 ! TE/IMONY ( ONE 
,R$ ,>MY G5]AL :O HAD BE5 9 ! ,UKRA9E :5 !SE ?+S HAD HAPP5$ 
& :O HAD TALK$ AT L5G? ) \R DELEGATION 9 ONE ( ! ROOMS AT 
! ,LUX ,HOTEL4 ,HE HAD BE5 CATEGORICAL3 0,MAKHNO HAS NEV] ALLI$ HIMSELF 
) ! ,:ITES AGA9/ US4 ,AT TIMES1 HE F\<T ! ,:ITES & US SIMULTANE\SLY1 
BUT IT CANNOT BE SAID ?AT HE WAS 9 CAHOOTS ) ! ,:ITES40 ,I REMEMB] 
TOO ?AT ,VOL9E HAD BE5 9 *>GE ( PROPAG&A & CULTURAL AFFAIRS 9 
DI/RICTS RECAPTUR$ FROM ! ,AU/RO-,HUNG>IAN >MIES & C\NT]REVOLUTION>Y 
G5]ALS & NOT ( DIRECT+ MILIT>Y OP]ATIONS4 ,& IF ,MAKHNO HAD F\<T 
! ,R$ >MY1 IT WAS BECAUSE ,TROTSKY HAD ATTACK$ ! ,UKRA9IAN REVOLUTION>Y 
=CES UNWILL+ TO K[T[ TO ,BOL%EVIK DESPOTISM4 ,=1 :5 ALL WAS SAID 
& DONE1 ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY WAS ONE ( ! REVOLUTION>Y P>TIES & 
! O!RS HAD A RI<T TO DEF5D !MSELVES AGA9/ ITS ATTEMPTS TO RIDE 
R\<%OD OV] EV]YONE4 

,SO ,I 9T]RUPT$ ,L591 NOT ABRUPTLY 
BUT CLE>LY & FIRMLY4 ,I HAD1 ,I TOLD HIM1 SPOK5 ) ,VOL9E 9 ! ,BUTYRKY 
PRISON 0TO :I* ,I HAD GA9$ ACCESS P]FECTLY LEGALLY1 ,I MI<T ADD0 
7,L59 MADE A GE/URE 9DICAT+ 0V]Y WELL1 ,I DO NOT D\BT IT074 
,& ,I REPEAT$1 ITEM BY ITEM1 ALL ?AT ,I KNEW ( MY IMPRISON$ COMRADE'S 
ACTIVITIES4 ,I TALK$ = A QU>T] ( AN H\R1 CIT+ DATES1 FACTS & 
NAMES4 ,L59 HE>D ME \T ATT5TIVELY1 EYES SQU9T+ & ) A LONG FACE 
:I* MADE HIM LOOK SOME:AT RAT-LIKE1 />+ AT ME CURI\SLY4  

,ONCE ,I HAD F9I%$1 HE WAS VISIBLY 
RATTL$4 ,BUT1 TOO CUTE TO %[ ?AT HE HAD BE5 BEAT51 HE PICK$ HIS WORDS1 
& CRAFT$ HIS PHRASES & CIRCUMLOCUTION TO BUY TIME TO RECOV]3 ,YES1 
OBVI\SLY4 4 4 IF ?+S >E AS Y\ SAY1 ?AT IS A HORSE ( A DIFF]5T 
COLOR4 4 4 ,I MU/ SEEK ADDITIONAL 9=MATION AB\T ,VOL9E4 4 4 ,I WAS NOT 
AW>E ( !SE V]Y IMPORTANT DETAILS4 4 4 4 ,HE C>RI$ ON FALT]+LY1 
= ! PO9T AS F> AS HE WAS CONC]N$ WAS NOT TO GIVE GR\ND4 ,I HAD 
BU%:ACK$ ! FELL[6 ,F9ALLY1 HE IMPROVIS$3 ,AS Y\ APPRECIATE1 TODAY 
WE FACE A V]Y SPECIAL SITUATION4 ,FOLK :O YE/]DAY W]E REVOLUTION>IES 
HAVE BECOME C\NT]REVOLUTION>IES & WE >E COMPELL$ TO FI<T !M4 
,LOOK AT ,PLEKHANOV1 ! F\ND+ FA!R ( SOCIALISM 9 ,RUSSIA4 ,TO ONE ( 
\R COMRADES :O WAS LEAV+ ,SWITZ]L&1 B\ND = ,RUSSIA1 HE SAID3 0,?IS 
V]M9 MU/ BE CRU%$60 ,! ,BOL%EVIK ,/ATE HAS TO /RUGGLE AGA9/ 
!SE NEW 5EMIES4 ,! ,/ATE IS A MA*9E = :I* WE >E ANSW]ABLE & 
WE CANNOT ALL[ ITS OP]ATION TO BE FRU/RAT$4 ,VOL9E IS HI<LY 9TELLIG5T1 
:I* MAKES HIM ALL ! MORE DANG]\S & WE MU/ TAKE ! MO/ /R5U\S 
/EPS AGA9/ HIM4 ,AFT] ALL1 ALONG ) ,MAKHNO HE HAS PLAY$ ALONG ) 
! ,:ITE G5]ALS ,D5IK9 & ,KOLT*AK BY HAV+ ,R$ ,>MY TROOP TRA9S 
D]AIL$4 

,! O!R DELEGATES W]E LESS WELL 
9=M$ ?AN ME & DID NOT QUIBBLE4 ,= !Y W]E AU FAIT ) C]TA9 
?+S & HAD LE>N$ ?AT ONE C\LD NOT SPEAK UP )\T RISK+ ASSASS9ATION 
AT ! H&S ( 0,:ITE ,GU>DS0 ON ! BORD]4 ,EV5 SO1 !Y SPOKE 
UP AB\T ! MATT] ( FRE$OM ( EXPRESSION = ALL REVOLUTION>Y D5OM9ATIONS 
& = ! FREE+ ( ALL POLITICAL PRISON]S1 ACROSS ! BO>D4 ,:ILE 
!Y W]E TALK+1 ,L591 JU/ AS HE HAD DONE ) ,TOM ,MANN1 & AS HE 
HAD DONE :ILE ,I WAS SPEAK+1 />$ H>D AT !M1 EV] IRONIC1 AS IF 
5T]TA9$1 MOV+ HIS BALD HEAD & LITTLE BE>D UP & D[N1 UP & 
D[N4 ,OR ELSE1 ) HIS RI<T *EEK RE/+ ON HIS H&1 HE SEEM$ ABSORB$ 
9 EXAM9ATION ( ! CEIL+4 ,SO MU* SO ?AT1 DISCONC]T$ & REALIZ+ 
?AT IT WAS PO9TLESS TO PROCE$1 ! *AMPION ( FRE$OM & HUMANITY 
SIMPLY DRI$ UP OR /OPP$ %ORT4 

,! AUDI5CE LA/$ = >\ND ?REE 
QU>T]S ( AN H\R1 AT ! 5D ( :I* TIME ,L59 ANN\NC$ ?AT RI<TS 
= ! REVOLUTION>Y OPPOSITION W]E \T ( ! QUE/ION4 ,! COMRADES 
N ! ,POLITBURO W\LD C]TA9LY REFUSE ?AT4 ,ALL ?AT HE C\LD DO WAS LOOK 
9TO ! CASES ( ! HUNG] /RIK]S1 BUT IT WAS NOT UP TO HIM TO DECIDE4 
,?AT WAS A MATT] = ! ,POLITBURO UPON :I* HE C\LD NOT1 9 ANY CASE1 
IMPOSE HIS VIEW1 = DECISIONS W]E MADE DEMOCRATICALLY BY A MAJORITY4 
,L59 LI$1 & WE PRET5D$ TO SWALL[ HIS LIES 9 ORD] TO AVOID A BRUTAL 
FALL+-\T4 ,!RE WAS PLAYACT+ ON BO? SIDES4 ,&1 AT HIS REQUE/1 ,I 
DREW UP A NOTE 9 :I* WE CALL$ UPON 0,COMRADE ,L590 TO PRES5T 
TO ! ,POLITBURO \R REQUE/ ?AT ?OSE ON HUNG] /RIKE 9 ! ,BUTYRKY 
PRISON BE RELEAS$4 ,JU/ !M4 ,L59 PROMIS$ TO LET US HAVE ! ANSW] 
! NEXT DAY1 AT T5 O'CLOCK1 9 ! ROOM ( ! ,FR5* DELEGATE ,SIROLLE4 
,& WE P>T$ AFT] A H&-%AKE1 ACCOMPANI$ BY A F9AL PROB+ & IRONIC 
/>E4 

,! FOLL[+ DAY1 ! ANSW] DID 
NOT COME UNTIL NOON1 :I* WAS NOT A GOOD OM54 ,SIGN$1 NOT BY ,L59 BUT 
BY ,TROTSKY1 :O HAD ! C&OR TO ACKN[L$GE HIS RESPONSIBILITIES4 ,A CATEGORICAL 
REFUSAL TO FREE ! HUNG] /RIK]S4 ,! SOLE FIRM SUGGE/ION8 ,?AT !Y 
BE EXPELL$ FROM ,RUSSIA4 ,FOLL[$ BY A LECTURE ON ! NECESSITY ( LE>N+ 
TO TAKE ACC\NT ( REVOLUTION>Y RESPONSIBILITIES & NOT ACC$E TO SUP]FICIAL 
S5TIM5TS :5 ! HI<] 9T]E/S ( ! REVOLUTION W]E AT /AKE4 

,:AT C\LD WE DO O!R ?AN ACCEPT8 
,WE C\LD NOT RESUME \R OV]TURES TO HI< RANK+ P]SONS ALREADY APPROA*$1 
:O W\LD D\BTLESS NOT EV5 HAVE AGRE$ TO RECEIVE US4 ,& ?AT C\LD 
HAVE BACKFIR$ ON \R COMRADES TO :OM WE PASS$ ON ! SOLUTION ?AT HAD 
BE5 (F]$4 ,ON ! POSITIVE SIDE1 !Y W\LD GET \T ( PRISON4 ,!Y 
W\LD BE EXPELL$ FROM !IR [N C\NTRY QUITE A SYMBOL4 ,= ! O!R 
PRISON]S1 ! O!R P>TIES1 WE C\LD DO NO?+ N[4 ,! CONGRESS F9I%$ 
A FEW DAYS LAT]4 ,DELEGATES TO'$ & FRO'$ 9 ! /REETS ( ,MOSC[4 
,WE W]E 9VIT$ TO ATT5D !AT] %[S4 ,AT ! OP]A1 ,*ALYAP9 SANG = 
US3 BALLETS W]E M\NT$ = US1 & !RE W]E SPL5DID GYMNA/IC DISPLAYS 
ON ! BANKS ( ! OSKOVA4 ,FEW DELEGATES TOOK NOTES4 ,BUT TWO WEEKS HAD 
PASS$ & \R COMRADES W]E /ILL 9 PRISON 9 SPITE ( ! DEAL SIGN$ 
BETWE5 ! DELEGATES & ,LUNA*>SKY1 /IPULAT+ ?AT !Y W]E TO BE 
FRE$ & EXPELL$ FROM ,RUSSIA4 ,FROM ! ,RUSSIA FROM :I* SOME ( !M 
HAD HAD TO FLEE 9 CZ>I/ TIMES1 & :]E !Y HAD RETURN$ SO BRIMFUL 
( HOPE :5 ! REVOLUTION BROKE \T4 ,WE DID NOT TRU/ ! WORD ( ! 
,BOL%EVIK LEAD]%IP ) :OSE DI%ONE/Y WE W]E FAMILI> & WE WOND]$ 
:E!R !Y W]E NOT WAIT+ = US TO LEAVE 9 ORD] TO KEEP \R COMRADES1 
:O W]E ALSO IMPATI5T1 BEH9D B>S4 

,BUT ,TROTSKY HAD IT ANN\NC$ TO ! 
,FR5* DELEGATION ?AT HE W\LD ONE EV5+ CALL TO IROLLE'S ROOM ON A 
FRI5DLY VISIT4 ,! ,ITALIAN & ,SPANI% SYNDICALI/S W]E AL]T$ & WE 
DECID$ TO AVAIL ( ! OCCASION TO PRESS = DETAILS AB\T ! IMPLEM5TATION 
( ! AGREEM5T SIGN$4 ,A V]Y H&SOME1 9TELLIG5T1 5]GETIC & SUP]CILI\S 
MAN1 ,TROTSKY %[$ UP TOOK A SEAT 9 \R MID/ & SPOKE 9 ,FR5* AB\T 
V>I\S ASPECTS ( ! FI<T BE+ WAG$ AGA9/ ! ,:ITE G5]ALS & 
! ECONOMIC /RAITS 9 :I* ! NEW ,RUSSIA F\ND ITSELF4 ,REG>D+ BUREAUCRACY1 
:I* WE ?\<T A FRI<TFUL DANG]1 HE SAID ?AT1 IF HE C\LD1 HE W\LD 
LOAD :OLE %IPS ) BUREAUCRATS & S9K !M 9 ! SEA )\T HESITATION4 
,BUT ! PROBLEM WAS NOT ?AT SIMPLE4 ,HE REGRETT$ ?AT & C\LD NOT PREV5T 
IT4 

,O!R MATT]S W]E BROA*$ 9CLUD+ 
! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T 9 ,FRANCE1 ! POLICY ( ! ,C,G,T & ! TREA*]Y 
( ! WE/]N TRADE UNION LEAD]S4 ,WE W]E 9 ALL BUT COMPLETE AGREEM5T1 
= ,TROTSKY *>M$ US ) HIS P]SUASIVE >GUM5TS & ! EXPLANATIONS 
HE (F]$4 ,BUT DEEP-D[N1 WE W]E WAIT+ = AN OP5+ TO RAISE ! 
TOPIC DE>E/ TO \R HE>TS & IT SEEM$ ?AT HE HAD GUESS$ AS MU*1 
= HE TALK$ UN5D+LY ( ! MO/ DIV]SE MATT]S4 ,JU/ AS HE WAS AB\T 
TO LEAVE1 WE RAIS$ :AT HE ASSUR$LY HAD BE5 HOP+ TO AVOID4 ,:]EUPON 
HE RAIS$ HIS EYE-BR[S1 & HALF-SMIL+1 HALF 9 ANG]1 HE BEGAN BY SAY+ 
?AT IT MI<T BE BETT] NOT TO SPOIL ?IS 9T]VIEW BY BROA*+ \R 9T]V5TION 
ON BEHALF ( ! IMPRISON$  

,RUSSIAN AN>*I/S1 :I* WAS NOT 
! BE/ ?+ ?AT WE HAD DONE 9 ,RUSSIA1 ?AT WE \<T TO BRAG AB\T 
IT TO \R C\NTRY'S WORK]S :5 WE GOT HOME1 ?AT WE HAD BE5 DECEIV$ 
& ?AT \R PRIM>Y DUTY \<T TO HAVE BE5 TRU/ 9 ! ,SOVIET GOV]NM5T4 
,!N1 *ANG+ TONE & CONCEAL+ HIS WRA? FROM ! DELEGATES :OSE SMILES 
W]E VISIBLY FALSE1 HE ASSUR$ US ?AT HIS PROMISE W\LD BE HONOR$4 ,?AT 
SEEM$ TOO VAGUE4 ,& ) ! SUPPORT ( ,>L&IS1 ,I ASK$ :5 IT W\LD 
BE HONOR$1 :5 \R COMRADES W\LD GET \T ( PRISON4 ,!N ,I WAT*$ AS 
,TROTSKY DREW HIMSELF UP TO HIS FULL HEI<T1 9FLAT$ HIS *E/1 RAIS+ 
HIS >MS :ILE CL5*+ HIS FI/S &1 9 AN EXPLOSION ( RAGE1 ASK$ 
ME1 9 A NE> SCREAM3 ,:O >E Y\ TO ASK ME1 & ,I DON'T KN[ Y\1 :5 
,I AM GO+ TO IMPLEM5T ! DECISIONS ,I HAVE MADE8 

,!N1 SEIZ+ ME BY ! LAPELS ( 
MY JACKET1 HE ADD$1 9 ! SAME TONE3 ,WE ,BOL%EVIKS HAVE MADE \R REVOLUTION1 
& :AT HAVE Y\ DONE8 ,IT IS NOT Y\R PLACE TO GIVE US ORD]S1 & WE 
HAVE NO?+ TO LE>N FROM Y\6 ,:AT O!R PHRASES HE UTT]$ ,I CANNOT 
RECALL N[4 ,I WAS SO />TL$1 SURPRIS$ & DUMBF\ND$ BY ?IS \TBUR/ 
?AT1 RI<T !N & !RE1 ,I C\LD NOT ?9K ( AN ANSW]4 ,I WILL EV5 
ADMIT ?AT ,I FELT ! BLOOD DRA9 FROM MY FACE4 ,!N1 ,I CALMLY TOLD HIM3 
,NO NE$ TO ANSW] 9 ?AT TONE1 COMRADE ,TROTSKY4 ,WE >E QUITE )9 \R 
RI<TS TO ASK Y\ A QUE/ION6 ,! O!R DELEGATES /EPP$ 91 TRY+ TO 
CALM HIM D[N4 ,TROTSKY REIT]AT$ ?AT HE W\LD HONOR HIS WORD4 ,BE=E 
,I LEFT1 ,I BADE GOOD-BYE TO MANY COMRADES /ILL AT L>GE1 ALL ( :OM W]E 
TO P]I% 9 ! JAILS OR ISOLATORS ?AT PREFIGUR$ ! CONC5TRATION CAMPS4 
,I %OOK H&S ) ,VOL9E & HIS FRI5DS1 FRE$ FROM ! ,BUTYRKY PRISON 
AT LA/ & DEP>T$ = ,B]L91 VIA ,RIGA4 ,! REVOLUTION :I* HAD LOOM$ 
AFT] ! WORLD-WIDE SLAU<T] LIKE ! DAWN ( LIB]ATION = ! 9T]NATIONAL 
PROLET>IAT & ! :OLE ( MANK9D N[ APPE>$ TO US AS ONE ( ! DEADLIE/ 
?REATS TO ! FUTURE ( ! PEOPLES4 ,! ME?ODICAL POLICE T]ROR1 ! 
,P>TY'S TI<T5+ GRIP UPON ! :OLE ( SOCIAL LIFE1 ! SY/EMATIC ANNIHILATION 
( ALL NON-,BOL%EVIK CURR5TS1 ! NO LESS SY/EMATIC EXT]M9ATION ( 
ALL REVOLUTION>IES :O ?\<T ALONG L9ES DIFF]5T FROM ?OSE ( ! 
NEW MA/]S1 & 9DE$ ! ]ADICATION ( EV]Y H9T ( DISS5T )9 
! ,P>TY ALL PROV$ ?AT WE W]E ON ! ROAD TO A NEW DESPOTISM ?AT WAS 
NOT M]ELY POLITICAL BUT ALSO 9TELLECTUAL1 M5TAL & MORAL1 REM9ISC5T 
( ! D>KE/ DAYS ( ! ,MIDDLE ,AGES4 

,NOTES TO ,AN>*I/S ,BEH9D ,B>S 7,SUMM] 
#a#i#b#a7  

#a4 ,JOAQU9 ,MAUR9 7BORN #a#h#i#g71 ! 
F\ND]1 SUCCESSIVELY1 ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,F$]ATION ( ,CATALONIA1 !N1 
AFT] HIS BREAK ) ,MOSC[1 ( ! ,WORK] & ,PEASANT ,BLOC 7#a#i#c#a7 & 
!N ( ! ,WORK]S' ,P>TY ( ,M>XI/ ,UNIFICATION-,P,\,M 7#a#i#c#e3 BO? TEA*] 
& TRADE UNION ACTIVI/ ) ! ,C,N,T3 SP5T FIFTE5 YE>S 9 PRISON UND] 
! ,PRIMO DE ,RIV]A DICTATOR%IP & !N UND] ,FRANCO3 MOV$ TO ! ,UNIT$ 
,/ATES4 

#b4 ,FELIX ,DZ]ZH9SKY 7#a#h#g#g-#a#i#b#f71 
( >I/OCRATIC EXTRACTION1 A ,LI?UANIAN ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRAT FROM #a#h#i#e1 >RE/$ 
& CONVICT$ SEV]AL TIMES1 FRE$ FROM PRISON BY ! #aiag ,REVOLUTION3 
F\ND$ ! POLITICAL POLICE1 ! ,*EKA 7LAT] ! ,G,P,U72 DI$ ( A HE>T 
ATTACK4 

#c4 ,ANATOL ,LUNA*>SKY 7#a#h#g#c-#a#i#c#c7 
WRIT] & LIT]>Y CRITIC4 ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRAT FROM #a#h#i#h1 TURN$ ,BOL%EVIK 
9 #a#i#c1 ,COMMISS> = ,$UCATION FROM #aiag TO #a#i#b#i4 

#d4 ,ULRIKH WAS TO BE %OT DUR+ ! 
,/AL9I/ PURGES4 

#e4 ,M>IA ,SPIRIDONOVA 7BORN #a#h#h#i71 
ACTIVE T]RORI/1 S5T5C$ TO DEA? = ! EXECUTION ( A PROV9CIAL 
GOV]NOR1 A S5T5CE COMMUT$ TO LIFE IMPRISONM5T3 RAP$ & TORTUR$ 
:ILE BE+ TRANSF]R$ TO ,SIB]IA3 AFT] ,FEBRU>Y #a#i#a#g1 LEAD] ( ! 
,LEFT ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION>IES3 IMPLICAT$ 9 !IR REBELLION 9 ,JULY #a#i#a#h3 
IMPRISON$ FROM #aiai OR #a#i#b3 NEV] RELEAS$ !REAFT]4 

#f4 ,OLGA ,MAXIM(F1 WIFE ( ,G4,P4 ,MAXIM(F4 

#g4 ,MI*EL ,KNELL]1 A ,FR5* ACTIVI/ 
:O1 9 #a#i#a#i1 FIR$ REVOLV] %OTS AT ! ,ELYSEE ,PALACE 9 PROTE/ AT ! 
BLOCKADE ON SOVIET ,RUSSIA3 DELEGATE FROM ! ,FR5* ,C,C,T TO ! F\NDATION 
CONGRESS ( ! ,R$ ,9T]NATIONAL ( ,LABOR ,UNIONS4 ,A ,COMMUNI/ SYMPA?IZ] 
) SYNDICALI/ LEAN+S3 SUBSEQU5TLY BECAME A LEFT-W+ 0ABUNDANCI/40 

#h4 ,RURIK1 F\ND] ( ! ,RUSSIAN 
,EMPIRE1 DI$ 9 #h#g#i4 

#i4 ,TOM ,MANN 7#a#h#e#f-#a#i#d#a7 ,5GLI% ME*ANIC1 
SECRET>Y ( ! ,9DEP5D5T ,LABOR ,P>TY 9 #a#h#i#d3 JO9$ ! ,AM]ICAN REVOLUTION>Y 
SYNDICALI/ ,9DU/RIAL ,WORK]S ( ! ,WORLD 7,I,W,W73 TOOK P>T 9 ! F\ND+ 
( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY ( ,GREAT ,BRITA9 9 #a#i#b#a4 

#a4 ,H5RI ,SIROLLE 7BORN #a#h#h#f7 JO9T 
SECRET>Y ( ! ,RAIL ,F$]ATION 9 #a#i#b3 A V]SATILE AN>*O-SYNDICALI/3 
AT ! FIR/ CONGRESS ( ! ,C,C,T,U 9 ,SA9T-,ETI5NE 9 ,JULY #a#i#b#b1 REPORT+ 
ON HIS EXP]I5CES AS A DELEGATE 9 ,MOSC[ 9 #a#i#b#a1 HE TOLD H[1 AT AN 
AUDI5CE ) ,L591 ! LATT] HAD %[N HIM A FEW FILES ON AN>*I/S 
& ?AT HE1 ,SIROLLE1 HAD CONCLUD$ FROM !SE4 4 4 ?AT !Y DES]V$ 
TO DIE6 ,5D$ UP 9 *>GE ( ,M>%AL ,PETA9'S ,SEC\RS ,NATIONAL4 

#a#a4 ,ONE ( ! ,SPANI% TRADE UNION 
DELEGATES ACCOMPANY+ ,GA/ON ,LEVAL4 

,FROM 3 ,AN>*Y ,>*IVES4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #aib 3 ,AN>*I/S ,BEH9D ,B>S -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,FEBRU>Y #f1 #bag 3 ,AN>*I/S ,BEH9D ,B>S -- ,ADD$4 
,DECEMB] #c1 #bba 3 ,AN>*I/S ,BEH9D ,B>S -- ,UPDAT$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/