<!-- BT: RUN! -->,AN?ROPOLOGY & ,AN>*ISM 
,LE>N+ FROM ,/ATELESS ,SOCIETIES 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,BRIAN ,MORRIS 

,TEXT 3 

,!RE IS1 9 MANY WAYS AN 0ELECTIVE AFF9ITY0 BETWE5 AN?ROPOLOGY & AN>*ISM4 ,AL?\< AN?ROPOLOGY'S SUBJECT MATT] HAS BE5 DIV]SE1 & ITS CONSPECTUS RA!R BROAD--AS A /UDY ( HUMAN CULTURE1 HI/ORICALLY IT HAS ALWAYS HAD A RA!R SPECIFIC FOCUS--ON ! /UDY ( PRE-/ATE SOCIETIES4 ,BUT IT IS QUITE MISLEAD+ TO PORTRAY ! AN?ROPOLOGY ( ! PA/ AS BE+ SIMPLY ! /UDY ( SO-CALL$ 0PRIMITIVE0 PEOPLE OR ! 0EXOTIC0 O!R1 & ?US L>GELY 5GAG$ 9 A K9D ( 0SALVAGE0 OP]ATION ( 0DISAPPE>+0 CULTURES4 ,?IS IS A RA!R BIAS$ & 9ACCURATE PORTRAIT ( AN?ROPOLOGY1 = ! DISCIPL9E HAS A LONG TRADITION ( 0AN?ROPOLOGY AT HOME10 & MANY IMPORTANT AN?ROPOLOGICAL /UDIES HAVE !IR LOCATION 9 ,9DIA1 ,*9A & ,JAPAN4 ,IT IS ?US NOTEWOR?Y ?AT ,JAMES ,CLIF=D & ,GEORGE ,M>CUS 7#a#i#h#f7 9 :AT MANY HAVE REG>D$ AS ! F\ND+ TEXT ( LIT]>Y OR PO/-MOD]N AN?ROPOLOGY1 >E NOT ONLY RA!R DISMISSIVE ( FEM9I/ AN?ROPOLOGY1 BUT IGNORE 5TIRELY ! E?NOGRAPHIC /UDIES ( NON-0,WE/]N0 S*OL>S--,SR9IVAS1 ,K5YATTA1 ,FEI & ,AIYAPPAN4 ,BUT 9 AN IMPORTANT S5SE AN?ROPOLOGY IS ! SOCIAL SCI5CE DISCIPL9E ?AT HAS PUT A FOCAL EMPHASIS ON ?OSE K9DS ( SOCIETIES ?AT HAVE BE5 SE5 AS EXEMPL>S ( AN>*Y1 A SOCIETY )\T A /ATE4 ,9DE$1 ,EVANS- ,PRIT*>D1 9 HIS CLASSIC /UDY ( ,! ,NU] 7#a#i#d71 DESCRIB$ !IR POLITICAL SY/EM AS 0ORD]$ AN>*Y40 ,H>OLD ,B>CLAY'S USEFUL & P]CEPTIVE LITTLE BOOK ,PEOPLE )\T GOV]NM5T 7#a#i#i#b7 IS SIGNIFICANTLY SUBTITL$ 0,! ,AN?ROPOLOGY ( ,AN>*ISM10 & ,B>CLAY MAKES ! FAMILI> DI/9CTION BETWE5 AN>*Y1 :I* IS AN ORD]$ SOCIETY )\T GOV]NM5T1 & AN>*ISM1 :I* IS A POLITICAL MOVEM5T & TRADITION ?AT BECAME >TICULAT$ DUR+ ! #a#i? C5TURY4 

,AN?ROPOLOGI/S @& AN>*ISM3 ,RECLUS1 ,B\GLE1 ,MAUSS1 ,RADCLIFFE-,BR[N 

  

,MANY AN?ROPOLOGI/S HAVE HAD AFF9ITIES ) AN>*ISM4 ,ONE ( ! E>LIE/ E?NOGRAPHIC TEXTS WAS A BOOK BY ,ELIE ,RECLUS CALL$ ,PRIMITIVE ,FOLK4 ,IT WAS PUBLI%$ 9 #a#i#c1 & C>RIES ! SUB-TITLE 0,/UDIES 9 ,CORPORATIVE ,E?NOLOGY40 ,IT IS BAS$ ON 9=MATION D]IV$ FROM ! WRIT+S ( TRAVEL]S & MISSION>IES1 & IT HAS ! EVOLUTION>Y FLAVOR ( BOOKS WRITT5 AT ! 5D ( ! #a#i? C5TURY1 BUT IT CONTA9S LUCID & SYMPA!TIC ACC\NTS ( SU* PEOPLE AS ! ,APA*ES1 ,NAY>S1 ,TODAS & ,9UITS4 ,RECLUS DECL>ES ! MORAL & 9TELLECTUAL EQUALITY ( !SE CULTURES ) ?AT ( 0SO-CALL$ CIVILIZ$ /ATES01 & IT IS ( 9T]E/ ?AT ,RECLUS US$ ! N[ FAMILI> T]M ,9UIT1 :I* MEANS 0PEOPLE10 RA!R ?AN ! ,FR5* T]M ,ESKIMO4 ,ELIE ,RECLUS WAS ! ELD] BRO!R1 & LIFETIME ASSOCIATE1 ( ,ELISEE1 ! MORE FAM\S AN>*I/ GEOGRAPH]4 

,ANO!R ,FR5* AN?ROPOLOGI/ ) AN>*I/ SYMPA?IES WAS ,CELE/9 ,B\GLE1 :O WROTE NOT ONLY A CLASSICAL /UDY ( ! ,9DIAN CA/E SY/EM 7#a#i#h7--:I* HAD A PR(\ND 9FLU5CE ON ,L\IS ,DUMONT--BUT ALSO AN IMPORTANT /UDY ( ,PR\DHON4 ,B\GLE WAS ONE ( ! FIR/ TO AFFIRM1 !N 7#a#i#a#a7 CONTROV]SIALLY1 ?AT ,PR\DHON WAS A SOCIOLOGICAL ?9K] ( /&+4 ,!RE WAS 9 FACT A CLOSE RELATION%IP BETWE5 ! ,FR5* SOCIOLOGICAL TRADITION1 FOCUS$ >\ND ,DURKHEIM1 & BO? SOCIALISM & AN>*ISM1 EV5 ?\< ,DURKHEIM HIMSELF WAS ANTAGONI/IC TO ! AN>*I/ /RESS ON ! 9DIVIDUAL4 ,DURKHEIM WAS A K9D ( GUILD SOCIALI/1 BUT HIS NEPHEW ,M>CEL ,MAUSS WROTE A CLASSICAL /UDY ON ,! ,GIFT 7#a#i#b#e7 :I* FOCUS$ ON RECIPROCAL OR GIFT EX*ANGE AMONG PRE-LITCRATE CULTURES4 ,?IS SMALL TEXT IS NOT ONLY 9 SOME WAYS AN AN>*I/ TRACT1 BUT IT IS ONE ( ! F\NDATION TEXTS ( AN?ROPOLOGY1 ONE READ BY EV]Y BUDD+ AN?ROPOLOGI/4 ,BRITI% AN?ROPOLOGI/S HAVE LESS CONNECTION ) AN>*ISM1 BUT IT IS WOR? NOT+ ?AT ONE ( ! SO-CALL$ 0FA!RS0 ( ,BRITI% AN?ROPOLOGY1 ,A4,R4 ,RADCLIFFE-,BR[N WAS AN AN>*I/ 9 HIS E>LY YE>S4 

,ALFR$ ,BR[N WAS A LAD FROM ,BIRM+HAM4 ,HE MANAG$1 ) ! HELP ( HIS BRO!R1 TO GET TO ,OX=D ,UNIV]SITY4 ,!RE TWO 9FLU5CES W]E IMPORTANT TO HIM4 ,ONE WAS ! PROCESS PHILOSOPH] ,ALFR$ ,:ITEHEAD1 :OSE ORGANISMIC !ORY HAD A DEEP 9FLU5CE ON ,RADCLIFFE-,BR[N4 ,! O!R WAS ,KROPOTK91 :OSE WRIT+S HE IMBIB$4 ,9 HIS /UD5T DAYS AT ,OX=D ,RADCLIFFE-,BR[N WAS KN[N AS 0,AN>*Y ,BR[N40 ,ALAS6 ,OX=D GOT TO HIM4 ,HE LAT] BECAME SOME?+ ( AN 9TELLECTUAL >I/OCRAT1 & *ANG$ HIS NAME TO ! HYPH5AT$ 0,A4,R4 ,RADCLIFFE-,BR[N40 ,BUT1 AS ,TIM ,+OLD HAS WRITT5 7#a#i#h#f71 ,RADCLIFFE-,BR[N'S WRIT+S >E P]MEAT$ ) A S5SE ?AT SOCIAL LIFE IS A PROCESS1 AL?\< LIKE MO/ ,DURKHEIMIAN FUNCTIONALI/S HE T5D$ TO PLAY D[N ISSUES RELAT+ TO CONFLICT1 P[] & HI/ORY4 

,AL?\< AN>*ISM HAS HAD A M9IMAL 9FLU5CE ON AN?ROPOLOGY--?\< MANY 9FLU5TIAL AN?ROPOLOGI/S CAN BE DESCRIB$ AS RADICAL LIB]ALS & SOCIALI/S 7LIKE ,BOAS1 ,RAD91 & ,DIAMOND71 AN>*I/ WRIT]S HAVE DRAWN EXT5SIVELY ON ! WORK ( AN?ROPOLOGI/S4 ,9DE$ !RE IS A REAL CONTRA/ BETWE5 AN>*I/S & ,M>XI/S ) RESPECT TO AN?ROPOLOGY1 = :ILE AN>*I/S HAVE CRITICALLY 5GAG$ !MSELVES ) E?NOGRAPHIC /UDIES1 ,M>XI/ ATTITUDES TO AN?ROPOLOGY HAVE USUALLY BE5 DISMISSIVE4 ,9 ?IS RESPECT ,M>XI/S HAVE AB&ON$ ! BROAD HI/ORICAL & E?NOGRAPHIC 9T]E/S ( ,M>X & ,5GELS4 ,! FAM\S /UDY ( ,5GELS ON ,! ORIG9 ( ! ,FAMILY1 ,PRIVATE ,PROP]TY & ! ,/ATE 7#a#h#h#d7 IS1 ( C\RSE1 BAS$ ALMO/ 5TIRELY ON ,LEWIS ,MORGAN'S AN?ROPOLOGICAL /UDY ( ,ANCI5T ,SOCIETY 7#a#h#g#g74 ,IF ONE EXAM9ES ! WRIT+S ( ALL ! CLASSICAL ,M>XI/S--,L591 ,TROTSKY1 ,GRAMSCI1 ,LUKACS--!Y >E DI/+UI%$ BY A :OLLY ,EUROC5TRIC P]SPECTIVE1 & A COMPLETE DISREG>D = AN?ROPOLOGY4 ,! 5TRY UND] 0,AN?ROPOLOGY0 9 ,A ,DICTION>Y ( ,M>XI/ ,?\<T 7,BOTTOMORE1 #a#i#h#c71 SIGNIFICANTLY HAS NO?+ TO REPORT BETWE5 ,M>X & ,5GELS 9 ! #a#i? C5TURY1 & ! >RIVAL ON ! SC5E ( ,FR5* ,M>XI/ AN?ROPOLOGI/S 9 ! #a#i#gS 7,GODELI]1 ,MEILLASS\X74 ,EQUALLY AMAZ+ IS ?AT ONE ,M>XI/ TEXT1 SPECIFICALLY ON ,PRE-,CAPITALI/ ,MODES ( ,PRODUCTION 7,H9DNESS & ,HIR/1 #a#i#g#e71 NOT ONLY SUGGE/$ ?AT ! 0OBJECTS0 ( !ORETICAL DISC\RSES DID NOT EXI/--& SO REJECT$ HI/ORY AS A WOR?:ILE SUBJECT ( /UDY1 BUT COMPLETELY BYPASS$ AN?ROPOLOGICAL KN[L$GE4 ,?IS IS MAT*$ ( C\RSE BY ! DISMISSIVE ATTITUDE T[>DS AN>*ISM BY ,M>XI/ S*OL>S--,P]RY ,&]SON1 ,WALL]/E9 & ,E4,P4 ,?OMPSON >E EXAMPLES4 

,AN>*I/S @& ,AN?ROPOLOGY3 ,KROPOTK91 ,BOOK*91 ,CLA/RES1 ,Z]ZAN 

  

,KROPOTK9 IS WELL KN[N4 ,BUT BE+ A GEOGRAPH] AS WELL AS AN AN>*I/1 & HAV+ TRAVEL$ WIDELY 9 ,ASIA1 ,KROPOTK9 HAD WIDE E?NOGRAPHIC 9T]E/S4 ,?IS IS MO/ CLE>LY EXPRESS$ 9 HIS CLASSIC TEXT ,MUTUAL ,AID PUBLI%$ 9 #a#i#c4 ,9 ?IS BOOK ,KROPOTK9 ATTEMPT$ TO %[ ?AT BO? ORGANIC & SOCIAL LIFE WAS NOT AN >5A :]E LAISSEZ-FAIRE COMPETITION & CONFLICT & ! 0SURVIVAL ( ! FITTE/0 WAS ! ONLY NORM1 BUT RA!R !SE DOMA9S W]E *>ACT]IZ$ BY 0MUTUALITY0 & 0SYMBIOSIS40 ,IT WAS ! ECOLOGICAL DIM5SION ( ,D>W9'S ?\<T1 EXPRESS$ 9 ! LA/ *APT] ( ,ON ! ,ORIG9 (,SPECIES1 ?AT WAS CRUCIAL = ,KROPOTK92 COOP]ATION NOT /RUGGLE WAS ! IMPORTANT FACTOR 9 ! EVOLUTION>Y PROCESS4 ,?IS IS EXEMPLIFI$ BY ! UBIQUIT\S LI*51 ONE ( ! MO/ BASIC =MS ( LIFE & F\ND PRACTICALLY EV]Y:]E4 ,KROPOTK9'S BOOK GIVES L5G?Y ACC\NTS ( MUTUAL AID NOT ONLY AMONG HUNT]-GA!R]S & SU* PEOPLE AS ! ,BURYAT & ,KABYLE 7N[ WELL-KN[N ?R\< ,B\RDIEU'S WRIT+S71 BUT ALSO 9 ! M$IEVAL CITY & 9 CONTEMPOR>Y ,EUROPEAN SOCIETIES4 ,9 A ,A4,S4,A4 MONOGRAPH ON SOCIALISM 7$IT$ BY ,*RIS ,HANN1 #a#i#i#c7 TWO >TICLES SPECIFICALLY EXAM9E AN>*Y AMONG CONTEMPOR>Y PEOPLE4 ,ALAN ,B>N>D LOOKS AT ! ISSUES ( 0PRIMITIVE COMMUNISM0 & 0MUTUAL AID0 AMONG ! ,KALAH>I HUNT]-GA!R]S1 :ILE ,JOANNA ,OV]+ DISCUSSES 0AN>*Y & COLLECTIVISM0 AMONG ! HORTICULTURAL ,PI>OA ( ,V5EZUELA4 ,B>N>D'S ESSAY HAS ! SUB-TITLE 0,KROPOTK9 VISITS ! ,BU%M510 9DICAT+ ?AT AN>*ISM IS /ILL A LIVE ISSUE AMONG SOME AN?ROPOLOGI/S4 

,KROPOTK9 WAS CONC]N$ TO EXAM9E ! 0CREATIVE G5IUS0 ( PEOPLE LIV+ AT :AT HE DESCRIB$ AS ! 0CLAN P]IOD0 ( HUMAN HI/OIY1 & ! DEVELOPM5T ( 9/ITUTIONS ( MUTUAL AID4 ,BUT ?IS DID NOT 5TAIL ! REPUDIATION ( 9DIVIDUAL SELF-ASS]TION1 &1 UNLIKE MANY CONTEMPOR>Y AN?ROPOLOGI/S1 ,KROPOTK9 MADE A DI/9CTION BETWE5 9DIVIDUALITY & SELF-AFFIRMATION1 & 9DIVIDUALISM4 

,MURRAY ,BOOK*9 IS A CONTROV]SIAL FIGURE4 ,HIS ADVOCACY ( CITIZ5'S C\NCILS & MUNICIPAL SELF MANAGEM5T1 HIS EMPHASIS ON ! CITY AS A POT5TIAL ECOLOGICAL COMMUNITY1 & HIS /RID5T CRITIQUES ( ! MISAN?ROPY & ECO-MY/ICISM ( ! DEEP ECOLOGI/S >E P]HAPS WELL KN[N1 & ! C5T] ( MANY DEBATES--MU* ( IT ACRIMONI\S4 ,BUT ,BOOK*9'S PROCESS-ORI5T$ DIALECTICAL APPROA* & HIS S5SE ( HI/ORY--ALIVE TO ! A*IEVEM5TS ( ! HUMAN SPIRIT--9EVITABLY L$ ,BOOK*9 TO DRAW ON AN?ROPOLOGICAL /UDIES4 ,! MA9 9FLU5CES ON HIS WORK W]E ,PAUL ,RAD9 & ,DORO?Y ,LEE1 BO? S5SITIVE S*OL>S ( NATIVE ,AM]ICAN CULTURE4 ,9 HIS ,! ,ECOLOGY ( ,FRE$OM 7#a#i#h#b71 ,BOOK*9 DEVOTES A *APT] TO :AT HE DESCRIBES AS 0ORGANIC SOCIETY10 EMPHASIZ+ ! IMPORTANT FEATURES ( E>LY HUMAN TRIBAL-SOCIETY3 A PRIMORDIAL EQUALITY & ! ABS5CE ( CO]CIVE & DOM9E]+ VALUES1 A FEEL+ ( UNITY BETWE5 ! 9DIVIDUAL & ! K9 COMMUNITY1 A S5SE ( COMMUNAL PROP]TY & AN EMPHASIS ON MUTUAL AID & USUFRUCT RI<TS1 & A RELATION%IP ) ! NATURAL WORLD :I* IS ONE ( RECIPROCAL H>MONY RA!R ?AN ( DOM9ATION4 ,BUT ,BOOK*9 IS CONC]N$ ?AT WE DRAW LESSONS FROM ! PA/1 & LE>N FROM ! CULTURE ( PRE-LIT]ATE PEOPLE1 RA!R ?AN ROMANTICIZ+ ! LIFE ( HUNT]-GA!R]S4 ,/ILL LESS1 ?AT WE %\LD TRY TO EMULATE !M4 

,PI]RE ,CLA/RES WAS BO? AN AN>*I/ & AN AN?ROPOLOGI/4 ,HIS M9OR CLASSIC1 ON ! ,9DIAN COMMUNITIES ( ,S\? ,AM]ICA--SPECIFICALLY ! =E/ ,GUAYAKI 7,A*E7--IS SIGNIFICANTLY TITL$ ,SOCIETY ,AGA9/ ! ,/ATE 7#a#i#g#g74 ,LIKE ,TOM ,PA9E & ! E>LY AN>*I/S1 ,CLA/RES MAKES A CLE> DI/9CTION BETWE5 SOCIETY1 AS A PATT]N ( SOCIAL RELATIONS1 & ! /ATE1 & >GUES ?AT ! ESS5CE ( :AT HE DESCRIBES AS 0>*AIC0 SOCIETIES--:E!R HUNT]-GA!R]S OR HORTICULTURAL 7NEOLI?IC7 PEOPLES--IS ?AT EFFECTIVE MEANS >E 9/ITUTIONALIZ$ TO PREV5T P[] BE+ SEP>AT$ FROM SOCIAL LIFE4 ,HE BEWAILS ! FACT ?AT WE/]N POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY IS UNABLE TO SEE P[] EXCEPT 9 T]MS ( 0HI]>*IZ$ & AU?ORIT>IAN RELATIONS ( COMM& & OB$I5CE10 7P4#i7 & ?US EQUATES P[] ) CO]CIVE P[]4 ,REVIEW+ ! E?NOGRAPHIC LIT]ATURE ( ! PEOPLE ( ,S\? ,AM]ICA--AP>T FROM ! ,9CA ,/ATE--,CLA/RES >GUES ?AT !Y W]E DI/+UI%$ BY !IR 0S5SE ( DEMOCRACY & TA/E = EQUALITY10 & ?AT EV5 LOCAL *IEFS LACK$ CO]CIVE P[]4 ,:AT CON/ITUT$ ! BASIC FABRIC ( >*AIC SOCIETY1 ACCORD+ TO ,CLA/RES1 WAS EX*ANGE1 CO]CIVE P[]1 9 ESS5CE1 BE+ A NEGATION ( RECIPROCITY4 ,HE CONT5DS ?AT ! AGGRESSIV5ESS ( TRIBAL COMMUNITIES HAS BE5 GROSSLY EXAGG]AT$1 & ?AT A SUBSI/5CE ECONOMY DID NOT IMPLY AN 5DLESS /RUGGLE AGA9/ />VATION1 = 9 NORMAL CIRCUM/ANCES !RE WAS AN ABUNDANCE & V>IETY ( ?+S TO EAT4 ,SU* COMMUNITIES W]E ESS5TIALLY EGALIT>IAN1 & PEOPLE HAD A HI< DEGREE ( CONTROL OV] !IR [N LIVES & WORK ACTIVITIES4 ,BUT ! DECISIVE 0BREAK0 = ,CLA/RES1 BETWE5 0>*AIC0 & 0HI/ORICAL0 SOCIETIES WAS NOT ! NEOLI?IC REVOLUTION & ! ADV5T ( AGRICULTURE1 BUT ! 0POLITICAL REVOLUTION0 9VOLV+ ! 9T5SIFICATION ( AGRICULTURE & ! EM]G5CE ( ! /ATE4 

,! KEY PO9TS ( ,CLA/RES' ANALYSIS HAVE REC5TLY BE5 AFFIRM$ BY ,JOHN ,GL$HILL 7#a#i#i#d1 PP4#a#c-#a#e74 ,IT PROVIDES A VALUABLE CRITIQUE ( WE/]N POLITICAL !ORY :I* ID5TIFIES P[] ) CO]CIVE AU?ORITY2 & IT SUGGE/S LOOK+ AT HI/ORY LESS 9 T]MS ( TYPOLOGIES ?AN AS A PROCESS 9 :I* HUMAN ACTIVITIES HAVE MA9TA9$ !IR [N AUTONOMY & RESI/$ ! C5TRALIZ+ 9TRUSIONS & EXPLOITATION 9H]5T 9 ! /ATE4 

,:ILE = ,CLA/RES & ,BOOK*9 POLITICAL DOM9ATION & HI]>*Y BEG9 ) ! 9T5SIFICATION ( AGRICULTURE1 & ! RISE ( ! /ATE1 = ,JOHN ,Z]ZAN ! DOME/ICATION ( PLANTS & ANIMALS H]ALDS ! DEMISE ( AN ]A :5 HUMANS LIV$ AN AU!NTIC1 FREE LIFE4 ,AGRICULTURE1 P] SE1 IS A =M ( ALI5ATION2 IT IMPLIES A LOSS ( CONTACT ) ! WORLD ( NATURE & A CONTROLL+ M5TALITY4 ,! ADV5T ( AGRICULTURE ?US 5TAILS ! 05D ( 9NOC5CE0 & ! DEMISE ( ! 0GOLD5 AGE0 AS HUMANS LEFT ! 0,G>D5 ( ,$510 ?\< ,$5 IS ID5TIFI$ NOT ) A G>D5 BUT ) HUNT]-GA!R+ EXI/5CE4 ,GIV5 ?IS ADVOCACY ( 0PRIMITIVISM10 IT IS H>DLY SURPRIS+ ?AT ,Z]ZAN 7#a#i#h#h1 #a#i#i#d7 DRAWS ON AN?ROPOLOGICAL DATA TO VALIDATE HIS CLAIMS1 & TO PORTRAY HUNT]-GA!R]S AS EGALIT>IAN1 AU!NTIC1 & AS ! 0MO/ SUCCESSFUL & 5DUR+ ADAPTATION EV] A*IEV$ BY HUMANK9D0 7#a#i#h#h1 P4#f#f74 ,EV5 SYMBOLIC CULTURE & ! %AMANISM ASSOCIAT$ ) HUNT]-GA!R]S IS SE5 BY ,Z]ZAN AS IMPLY+ AN ORI5TATION TO MANIPULATE & CONTROL NATURE OR O!R HUMANS4 ,Z]ZAN PRES5TS AN APOCALYPTIC1 EV5 A GNO/IC VISION4 ,\R HUNT]-GA!R] PA/ IS DESCRIB$ AS AN IDYLLIC ]A ( VIRTUE & AU!NTIC LIV+4 ,! LA/ EI<T ?\S& YE>S OR SO ( HUMAN HI/ORY--AFT] ! FALL 7AGRICULTURE7--IS SE5 AS ONE ( TYRANNY1 HI]>*ICAL CONTROL1 ME*ANIZ$ R\T9E DEVOID ( ANY SPONTANEITY1 & AS 9VOLV+ ! ANES!TIZATION ( ! S5SES4 ,ALL ?OSE PRODUCTS ( ! HUMAN CREATIVE IMAG9ATION--F>M+1 >T1 PHILOSOPHY1 TE*NOLOGY1 SCI5CE1 URBAN LIV+1 SYMBOLIC CULTURE-->E VIEW$ NEGATIVELY BY ,Z]ZAN--9 A MONOLI?IC S5SE4 ,! FUTURE WE >E TOLD IS 0PRIMITIVE40 ,H[ ?IS IS TO BE A*IEV$ 9 A WORLD ?AT PRES5TLY SU/A9S ALMO/ SIX BILLION PEOPLE 7= EVID5CE SUGGE/S ?AT ! HUNT]-GA!R LIFE/YLE IS ONLY ABLE TO SUPPORT #a OR #b PEOPLE P] SQ4 MILE71 OR :E!R ! 0FUTURE PRIMITIVE0 ACTUALLY 5TAILS1 9 GNO/IC FA%ION1 A RETURN NOT TO ! GODHEAD1 BUT TO HUNT]-GA!R+ SUBSI/5CE1 ,Z]ZAN DOES NOT TELL US4 ,:ILE RADICAL ECOLOGI/S GLORIFY ! GOLD5 AGE ( PEASANT AGRICULTURE1 ,Z]ZAN FOLL[S ! LIKES ( ,VAN ,D] ,PO/ 9 EXTOLL+ HUNT]-GA!R] EXI/5CE--) A SELECTIVE CULL+ ( ! AN?ROPOLOGICAL LIT]ATURE4 ,:E!R SU* 0ILLUSORY IMAGES ( ,GRE5 PRIMITIVISM0 >E1 9 !MSELVES1 SYMPTOMATIC ( ! E/RANGEM5T ( AFFLU5T URBAN DWELL]S & 9TELLECTUALS1 FROM ! NATURAL 7& HUMAN7 WORLD--AS BO? ,BOOK*9 7#a#i#i#e7 & ,RAY ,ELL5 7#a#i#h#f7 SUGGE/--,I WILL LEAVE O!RS TO JUDGE4 

,REFLECTIONS ON AN>*ISM 

  

,! T]M AN>*Y COMES FROM ! ,GREEK1 & ESS5TIALLY MEANS 0NO RUL]40 ,AN>*I/S >E PEOPLE :O REJECT ALL =MS ( GOV]NM5T OR CO]CIVE AU?ORITY1 ALL =MS ( HI]>*Y & DOM9ATION4 ,!Y >E !RE=E OPPOS$ TO :AT ! ,MEXICAN AN>*I/ ,FLORES ,MAGON CALL$ ! 0SOMB] TR9ITY0--/ATE1 CAPITAL & ! *UR*4 ,AN>*I/S >E ?US OPPOS$ TO BO? CAPITALISM & TO ! /ATE1 AS WELL AS TO ALL =MS ( RELIGI\S AU?ORITY4 ,BUT AN>*I/S ALSO SEEK TO E/ABLI% OR BR+ AB\T BY V>Y+ MEANS1 A CONDITION ( AN>*Y1 ?AT IS1 A DEC5TRALIZ$ SOCIETY )\T CO]CIVE 9/ITUTIONS1 A SOCIETY ORGANIZ$ ?R\< A F$]ATION ( VOLUNT>Y ASSOCIATIONS4 ,CONTEMPOR>Y RI<T-W+ 0LIB]T>IANS10 LIKE ,MILTON ,FRI$MAN1 ,RO?B>D & ,AYN ,R&1 :O >E (T5 DESCRIB$ AS 0AN>*O-CAPITALI/S10 & :O F]V5TLY DEF5D CAPITALISM1 >E NOT 9 ANY REAL S5SE AN>*I/S4 

,9 AN IMPORTANT S5SE AN>*I/S SUPPORT ! RALLY+ CRY ( ! ,FR5* REVOLUTION3 LIB]TY1 EQUALITY & FRAT]NITY--& /RONGLY BELIEVE ?AT !SE VALUES >E 9T]-DEP5D5T4 ,AS ,BAKUN9 REM>K$3 0,FRE$OM )\T SOCIALISM IS PRIVILEGE & 9JU/ICE2 & SOCIALISM )\T FRE$OM IS SLAV]Y & BRUTALITY40 ,NE$LESS TO SAY AN>*I/S HAVE ALWAYS BE5 CRITICAL ( SOVIET COMMUNISM1 & ! MO/ P[]FUL & P5ETRAT+ CRITIQUES ( ,M>X1 ,M>XI/-,L59ISM1 & ! ,SOVIET REGIME HAVE COME FROM AN>*I/S3 PEOPLE LIKE ,B]KMANL ,GOLDMAN1 & ,MAXIM(F4 ,! LATT]'S WORK WAS SIGNIFICANTLY 5TITL$3 ,! ,GUILLOT9E AT ,WORK 7#a#i#d74 ,MAXIM(F SAW ! POLITICS ( ,L59 & ,TROTSKY AS SIMIL> TO ?AT ( ! ,JACOB9S 9 ! ,FR5* REVOLUTION1 & EQUALLY REACTION>Y4 

,) ! COLLAPSE ( ! ,SOVIET REGIME1 ,M>XI/S >E N[ 9 A /ATE ( 9TELLECTUAL DIS>RAY1 & >E FL\ND]+ >\ND LOOK+ = A SAFE POLITICAL AN*ORAGE4 ,!Y SEEM TO GRAVITATE EI!R T[>DS ,HAYEK OR T[>DS ,KEYNES2 :I*EV] WAY !IR SOCIALISM GETS LO/ 9 ! PROCESS4 ,CONS]VATIVE WRIT]S LIKE ,ROG] ,SCRUTON TAKE GREAT PLEASURE 9 B]AT+ ,M>XI/S = HAV+ CLOS$ !IR EYES TO ! REALITIES ( ! ,SOVIET REGIME3 !Y !MSELVES1 H[EV]1 HAVE A MYOPIA :5 IT COMES TO CAPITALISM4 ,! POV]TY1 FAM9E1 SICK5+ SOCIAL 9EQUALITIES1 POLITICAL REPRESSION & ECOLOGICAL DEGRADATION ?AT IS G5]AT$ UND] CAPITALISM IS ALWAYS UND]PLAY$ BY APOLOGI/S LIKE ,SCRUTON & ,FUKUYAMA4 ,!Y SEE !SE AS SIMPLY 0PROBLEMS0 ?AT NE$ TO BE OV]COME--NOT AS 9TR9SICALLY RELAT$ TO CAPITALISM ITSELF4 

,AN>*ISM CAN BE LOOK$ AT 9 TWO WAYS4 

,ON ! ONE H& IT CAN BE SE5 AS A K9D ( 0RIV]10 AS ,PET] ,M>%ALL DESCRIBES IT 9 HIS EXCELL5T HI/ORY ( AN>*ISM4 ,IT CAN ?US BE SE5 AS A 0LIB]T>IAN IMPULSE0 OR AS AN 0AN>*I/ S5SIBILITY0 ?AT HAS EXI/$ ?R\<\T HUMAN HI/ORY3 AN IMPULSE ?AT HAS EXPRESS$ ITSELF 9 V>I\S WAYS--9 ! WRIT+S ( ,LAO ,TZU & ! ,TAOI/S1 9 CLASSICAL ,GREEK ?\<T1 9 ! MUTUALITY ( K9-BAS$ SOCIETIES1 9 ! E?OS ( V>I\S RELIGI\S SECTS1 9 SU* AGR>IAN MOVEM5TS AS ! ,DIGG]S 9 ,5GL& & ! ,ZAPATI/AS ( ,MEXICO1 9 ! COLLECTIVES ?AT SPRANG UP DUR+ ! ,SPANI% CIVIL W>1 & CURR5TLY--9 ! IDEAS EXPRESS$ 9 ! ECOLOGY & FEM9I/ MOVEM5TS4 ,AN>*I/ T5D5CIES SEEM TO HAVE EXPRESS$ !MSELVES 9 ALL RELIGI\S MOVEM5TS1 EV5 9 ,ISLAM4 ,ONE ,ISLAMIC SECT1 ! ,NAJADAT1 BELIEV$ ?AT 0P[] BELONGS ONLY TO GOD40 ,!Y !RE=E FELT ?AT !Y DID NOT REALLY NE$ AN IMAM OR CALIPH1 BUT C\LD ORGANIZE !MSELVES MUTUALLY TO 5SURE JU/ICE4 ,MANY YE>S AGO ,I WROTE AN >TICLE ON ,LAO ,TZU1 SUGGE/+ ?AT ! FAM\S ,TAO ,TE ,*+ 70,! ,WAY & ITS ,P[]10 AS ,WALEY TRANSLATES IT7 %\LD NOT BE SE5 AS A MY/ICAL RELIGI\S TRACT 7AS IT IS NORMALLY UND]/OOD71 BUT RA!R AS A POLITICAL TREATISE4 ,IT IS1 9 FACT1 ! FIR/ AN>*I/ TRACT4 ,= ! UND]LY+ PHILOSOPHY ( ! ,TAO ,TE ,*+ IS FUNDAM5TALLY AN>*I/1 AS ,RUDOLF ,ROCK] LONG AGO NOT$4 ,ON ! O!R H& AN>*ISM MAY BE SE5 AS A HI/ORICAL MOVEM5T & POLITICAL !ORY ?AT HAD ITS BEG9N+S AT ! 5D ( ! #a#h? C5TURY4 ,IT WAS EXPRESS$ 9 ! WRIT+S ( ,WILLIAM ,GODW91 :O WROTE ! CLASSIC AN>*I/ TEXT ,AN ,9QUIRY ,CONC]N+ ,POLITICAL ,JU/ICE 7#a#g#i#h71 AS WELL AS 9 ! ACTIONS ( ! SANS-CULOTTES & ! 5RAGES DUR+ ! ,FR5* REVOLUTION1 & BY RADICALS LIKE ,?OMAS ,SP5CE & ,WILLIAM ,BLAKE 9 ,BRITA94 ,! T]M 0AN>*I/0 WAS FIR/ US$ DUR+ ! ,FR5* REVOLUTION AS A T]M ( ABUSE 9 DESCRIB+ ! SANS-CULOTTES--0)\T BREE*ES0--! WORK+ PEOPLE ( ,FRANCE :O DUR+ ! REVOLUTION ADVOCAT$ ! ABOLITION ( GOV]NM5T4 

,AN>*ISM1 AS A SOCIAL MOVEM5T1 DEVELOP$ DUR+ ! #a#i? C5TURY4 ,ITS BASIC SOCIAL PHILOSOPHY WAS =MULAT$ BY ! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION>Y ,MI*AEL ,BAKUN94 ,IT WAS ! \TCOME ( HIS CLA%ES ) ,K>L ,M>X & HIS FOLL[]S--:O ADVOCAT$ A /ATI/ ROAD TO SOCIALISM--DUR+ MEET+S ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,WORK+ ,M5'S ,ASSOCIATION 9 ! #a#h#fS4 ,9 ITS CLASSICAL =M1 !RE=E1 AS IT WAS EXPRESS$ BY ,KROPOTK91 ,GOLDMAN1 ,RECLUS & ,MALATE/A1 AN>*ISM WAS A SIGNIFICANT P>T ( ! SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T 9 ! YE>S BE=E ! FIR/ ,WORLD ,W>1 BUT ITS SOCIALISM WAS LIB]T>IAN NOT ,M>XI/4 ,! T5D5CY ( WRIT]S LIKE ,DAVID ,PEPP] 7#a#i#i#f7 TO CREATE A DI*OTOMY BETWE5 SOCIALISM & AN>*ISM IS1 ,I ?9K1 BO? CONCEPTUALLY & HI/ORICALLY MISLEAD+4 

,MISCONCEPTIONS ( AN>*ISM 

  

,( ALL POLITICAL PHILOSOPHIES AN>*ISM HAS HAD P]HAPS ! WOR/ PRESS4 ,IT HAS BE5 IGNOR$1 MALIGN$1 RIDICUL$1 ABUS$1 MISUND]/OOD1 & MISREPRES5T$ BY WRIT]S FROM ALL SIDES ( ! POLITICAL SPECTRUM--,M>XI/S1 LIB]ALS1 DEMOCRATS & CONS]VATIVES4 ,!ODORE ,ROOSEVELT1 ! ,AM]ICAN PRESID5T1 DESCRIB$ AN>*ISM AS A 0CRIME AGA9/ ! :OLE HUMAN RACE0--& IT HAS BE5 V>I\SLY JUDG$ AS DE/RUCTIVE1 VIOL5T & NIHILI/IC4 ,A NUMB] ( CRITICISMS HAVE BE5 LODG$ AGA9/ AN>*ISM1 & ,I WILL DEAL BRIEFLY ) EI<T4  

,IT IS SAID ?AT AN>*I/S >E TOO 9NOC5T1 TOO NAIVE1 & HAVE TOO ROSY A PICTURE ( HUMAN NATURE4 ,IT IS SAID ?AT1 LIKE ,R\SSEAU1 !Y HAVE A ROMANTIC VIEW ( HUMAN NATURE :I* !Y SEE AS ESS5TIALLY GOOD & PEACE-LOV+4 ,BUT ( C\RSE REAL HUMANS >E NOT LIKE ?IS2 !Y >E CRUEL & AGGRESSIVE & SELFI%1 & SO AN>*Y IS JU/ A PIPE DREAM4 ,IT IS AN UNREALI/IC VISION ( A PA/ GOLD5 AGE ?AT NEV] REALLY EXI/$4 ,?IS BE+ SO1 SOME =M ( CO]CIVE AU?ORITY IS ALWAYS NECESS>Y4 ,! TRU? IS ?AT AN>*I/S DO NOT FOLL[ ,R\SSEAU4 ,9 FACT1 ,BAKUN9 WAS SCA?+ 9 HIS CRITICISMS ( ! #a#h? C5TURY PHILOSOPH]4 ,MO/ AN>*I/S T5D TO ?9K HUMANS HAVE BO? GOOD & BAD T5D5CIES4 ,IF !Y DID ?9K HUMANS ALL GOODNESS & LI<T1 W\LD !Y M9D BE+ RUL$8 ,IT IS BECAUSE !Y HAVE A REALI/IC RA!R ?AN A ROMANTIC VIEW ( HUMAN NATURE1 ?AT !Y OPPOSE ALL =MS ( CO]CIVE AU?ORITY4 ,9 ESS5CE1 AN>*I/S OPPOSE ALL P[] :I* ! ,FR5* DESCRIBE AS 0PUISSANCE0--0P[] OV]0 7RA!R ?AN 0P\VOIR10 ! P[] TO DO SOME?+71 & BELIEVE--LIKE ,LORD ,ACTON--?AT P[] CORRUPTS1 & ABSOLUTE P[] CORRUPTS ABSOLUTELY4 ,AS ,PAUL ,GOODMAN WROTE3 0444! ISSUE IS NOT :E!R PEOPLE >E 'GOOD 5\<' = A P>TICUL> TYPE ( SOCIETY2 RA!R IT IS A MATT] ( DEVELOP+ ! K9D ( SOCIAL 9/ITUTIONS ?AT >E MO/ CONDUCIVE TO EXP&+ ! POT5TIALITIES WE HAVE = 9TELLIG5CE1 GRACE1 SOCIABILITY & FRE$OM40  

,AN>*Y1 IT IS BELIEV$1 IS A SYNONYM = *AOS & DISORD]4 ,?IS IS1 9 FACT1 H[ PEOPLE (T5 USE ! T]M4 ,BUT AN>*Y1 AS UND]/OOD BY MO/ AN>*I/S1 MEANS ! EXACT OPPOSITE ( ?IS4 ,IT MEANS A SOCIETY BAS$ ON ORD]4 ,AN>*Y MEANS NOT *AOS1 OR A LACK ( ORGANIZATION1 BUT A SOCIETY BAS$ ON ! AUTONOMY ( ! 9DIVIDUAL1 ON COOP]ATION1 ONE )\T RUL]S OR CO]CIVE AU?ORITY4 ,AS ,PR\DHON PUT IT3 LIB]TY IS ! MO!R ( ORD]4 ,BUT EQUALLY AN>*I/S DO NOT D5\NCE *AOS1 = !Y SEE *AOS & DISORD] AS HAV+ 9H]5T POT5TIALITY--AS ,BAKUN9 PUT IT3 TO DE/ROY IS A CREATIVE ACT4  

,ANO!R EQUATION MADE IS ?AT BETWE5 AN>*ISM & VIOL5CE4 ,AN>*ISM1 IT IS SAID1 IS ALL AB\T T]RORI/ BOMBS & VIOL5CE4 ,& !RE IS A BOOK CURR5TLY 9 ! BOOK%OPS 5TITL$ ,! ,AN>*I/S' ,COOKBOOK ALL AB\T H[ TO MAKE BOMBS & DYNAMITE4 ,BUT AS ,ALEX&] ,B]KMAN WROTE3 ! RESORT TO VIOL5CE AGA9/ OPPRESSION OR TO OBTA9 C]TA9 POLITICAL OBJECTIVES HAS BE5 PRACTIC$ ?R\<\T HUMAN HI/ORY4 ,ACTS ( VIOL5CE HAVE BE5 COMMITT$ BY ! FOLL[]S ( EV]Y POLITICAL & RELIGI\S CRE$3 NATIONALI/S1 LIB]ALS1 SOCIALI/S1 FEM9I/S1 REPUBLICANS1 MON>*I/S1 ,BUDDHI/S1 ,MUSLIMS1 ,*RI/IANS1 DEMOCRATS1 CONS]VATIVES1 FASCI/S444& EV]Y GOV]NM5T IS BAS$ ON ORGANIZ$ VIOL5CE4 ,AN>*I/S :O HAVE RESORT$ TO VIOL5CE >E NO WORSE ?AN ANYBODY ELSE4 ,BUT MO/ AN>*I/S HAVE BE5 AGA9/ VIOL5CE & T]RORISM1 & !RE HAS ALWAYS BE5 A /RONG L9K BETWE5 AN>*ISM & PACIFISM4 ,YET AN>*I/S GO ONE /EP FUR!R3 !Y *ALL5GE ! VIOL5CE ?AT MO/ PEOPLE DO NOT RECOGNIZE & :I* IS (T5 ( ! WOR/ POSSIBLE K9D2 ?IS IS LAWFUL VIOL5CE4  

,AN>*I/S HAVE BE5 ACCUS$1 ESPECIALLY BY ,M>XI/S1 ( BE+ !ORETICAL BLOCKHEADS1 ( BE+ ANTI-9TELLECTUAL1 OR ( MAK+ A CULT ( M9DLESS ACTION4 ,BUT AS A P]USAL ( ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T WILL 9DICATE1 MANY AN>*I/S OR PEOPLE ) AN>*I/ SYMPA?IES HAVE BE5 AMONG ! F9E/ 9TELLECTS ( !IR G5]ATIONS1 TRULY CREATIVE PEOPLE4 ,MOREOV]1 AN>*I/S HAVE PRODUC$ MANY SEM9AL TEXTS \TL9+ !IR [N PHILOSOPHY & !IR [N SOCIAL DOCTR9ES4 ,!SE >E G5]ALLY FREE ( ! J>GON & ! PRET5SION ?AT PASSES AS S*OL>%IP AMONG MANY LIB]AL S*OL>S1 ,M>XI/S & PO/-MOD]NI/S4  

,ANO!R CRITICISM IS ! OPPOSITE ( ?IS3 IT RIDICULES AN>*ISM = BE+ APOLITICAL1 & A DOCTR9E ( 9ACTION4 ,AN>*I/S1 ACCORD+ TO ! EX-DOY5 ( ! ,GRE5 ,P>TY 9 ,BRITA91 ,JONA?AN ,PORRITT1 DO NO?+ BUT CONTEMPLATE !IR NAVELS4 ,BECAUSE !Y DO NOT 5GAGE 9 P>TY POLITICS1 HE EV5 SUGGE/S ?AT AN>*I/S DO NOT LIVE 9 ! 0REAL WORLD40 ,ALL ! ESS5TIAL !MES ( ! ,GRE5 ,P>TY MANIFE/O--! CALL = A SOCIETY ?AT IS DEC5TRALIZ$1 EQUITABLE1 ECOLOGICAL1 COOP]ATIVE1 ) FLEXIBLE 9/ITUTIONS-->E ( C\RSE SIMPLY AN UNACKN[L$G$ APPROPRIATION ( :AT AN>*I/S LIKE ,KROPOTK9 HAD LONG AGO ADVOCAT$--BUT ) ,PORRITT ?IS VISION IS SIMPLY HIT*$ TO P>TY POLITICS4 ,AS A M$IA FIGURE ,PORRITT COMPLETELY MISUND]/&S :AT AN>*ISM--& A DEC5TRALIZ$ SOCIETY--IS ALL AB\T4 ,AN>*ISM IS NOT NONPOLITICAL4 ,NOR DOES IT ADVOCATE A RETREAT 9TO PRAY]1 SELF-9DULG5CE OR M$ITATION1 :E!R OR NOT ONE CONTEMPLATES ONE'S NAVEL OR *ANTS MANTRAS4 ,IT IS SIMPLY HO/ILE TO P>LIAM5T>Y OR P>TY POLITICS4 ,! ONLY DEMOCRACY IT ?9KS VALID1 IS P>TICIPATORY DEMOCRACY1 & CONSID]S PUTT+ AN ,X ON A PIECE ( PAP] EV]Y F\R OR FIVE YE>S IS A %AM4 ,IT S]VES ONLY TO GIVE IDEOLOGICAL JU/IFICATION TO P[] HOLD]S 9 A SOCIETY ?AT IS FUNDAM5TALLY HI]>*ICAL & UNDEMOCRATIC4 ,AN>*I/S >E ( MANY K9DS4 ,!Y HAVE !RE=E SUGGE/$ V>I\S WAYS ( *ALL5G+ & TRANS=M+ ! PRES5T SY/EM ( VIOL5CE & 9EQUALITY--?R\< COMMUNES1 PASSIVE RESI/ANCE1 SYNDICALISM1 MUNICIPAL DEMOCRACY1 9SURRECTION1 DIRECT ACTION & $UCATION4 ,ONE ( ! REASONS :Y SOME AN>*I/S HAVE PUT A LOT ( EMPHASIS ON PUBLI%+ PROPAG&A & $UCATION1 IS ?AT !Y HAVE ALWAYS ES*EW$ P>TY ORGANIZATION AS WELL AS VIOL5CE4 ,AN>*I/S HAVE ALWAYS BE5 CRITICAL ( ! NOTION ( A VANGU>D P>TY1 SEE+ IT AS 9EVITABLY LEAD+ TO SOME =M ( DESPOTISM4 ,& ) REG>D TO BO? ! ,FR5* & ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTIONS HI/ORY HAS PROV$ !IR PREMONITIONS CORRECT4  

,A CONSI/5T CRITIQUE ( AN>*ISM (F]$ BY ,M>XI/S IS ?AT IT IS UTOPIAN & ROMANTIC1 A PEASANT OR PETTY-B\RGEOIS IDEOLOGY1 OR AN EXPRESSION ( MILL5NIAL DREAMS4 ,CONCRETE HI/ORICAL /UDIES BY ,JOHN ,H>T ON AN>*ISM & ! ,MEXICAN WORK+ CLASS 7#a#i#g#h7 & BY ,J]OME ,M9TZ ON ! AN>*I/S ( ,CASAS ,VIEJAS 9 ,SPA9 7#a#i#h#b7 HAVE MORE ?AN ADEQUATELY REFUT$ SOME ( ! DI/ORTIONS AB\T AN>*ISM4 ,! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T HAS NOT BE5 CONF9$ TO PEASANTS3 IT HAS FL\RI%$ AMONG URBAN WORK]S :]E AN>*O- SYNDICALISM DEVELOP$4 ,NOR IS IT UTOPIAN OR MILL5NIAL4 ,AN>*I/S HAVE E/ABLI%$ REAL COLLECTIVES1 & HAVE ALWAYS BE5 CRITICAL ( RELIGION4 ,NOBODY AMONG ! E>LY AN>*I/S EXPECT$ SOME IMM$IATE OR CATACLYSMIC *ANGE TO OCCUR ?R\< 0PROPAG&A BY DE$0 OR ! 0G5]AL /RIKE0--AS ! WRIT+S ( ,RECLUS & ,B]KMAN ATTE/4 ,!Y REALIZ$ IT W\LD BE A LONG HAUL4  

,ANO!R CRITICISM ( AN>*ISM IS ?AT IT HAS A N>R[ VIEW ( POLITICS3 ?AT IT SEES ! /ATE AS ! F\NT ( ALL EVIL1 IGNOR+ O!R ASPECTS ( SOCIAL & ECONOMIC LIFE4 ,?IS IS A MISREPRES5TATION ( AN>*ISM4 ,IT P>TLY D]IVES FROM ! WAY AN>*ISM HAS BE5 DEF9$1 & P>TLY BECAUSE ,M>XI/ HI/ORIANS HAVE TRI$ TO EXCLUDE AN>*ISM FROM ! BROAD] SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T4 ,BUT :5 ONE EXAM9ES ! WRIT+S ( CLASSICAL AN>*I/S LIKE ,KROPOTK91 ,GOLDMAN1 ,MALATE/A & ,TOL/OY1 AS WELL AS ! *>ACT] ( AN>*I/ MOVEM5TS 9 SU* PLACES AS ,ITALY1 ,MEXICO1 ,SPA9 & ,FRANCE1 IT IS CLE>LY EVID5T ?AT IT HAS NEV] HAD ?IS LIMIT$ VISION4 ,IT HAS ALWAYS *ALL5G$ ALL =MS ( AU?ORITY & EXPLOITATION1 & HAS BE5 EQUALLY CRITICAL ( CAPITALISM & RELIGION AS IT HAS ( ! /ATE4 ,MO/ AN>*I/S W]E FEM9I/S1 & MANY SPOKE \T AGA9/ RACISM1 AS WELL AS DEF5D+ ! FRE$OM ( *ILDR54 ,A CULTURAL & ECOLOGICAL CRITIQUE ( CAPITALISM HAS ALWAYS BE5 AN IMPORTANT DIM5SION ( AN>*I/ WRIT+S4 ,?IS IS :Y ! WRIT+S ( ,TOL/OY1 ,RECLUS & ,KROPOTK9 /ILL HAVE CONTEMPOR>Y RELEVANCE4  

,A F9AL CRITICISM ( AN>*ISM IS ?AT IT IS UNREALI/IC2 AN>*Y WILL NEV] WORK4 ,! M>KET SOCIALI/ ,DAVID ,MILL] EXPRESSES ?IS VIEW V]Y WELL 9 HIS BOOK ON ,AN>*ISM 7#a#i#h#d74 ,HIS ATTITUDE TO AN>*ISM IS ONE ( HEADS ,I W91 TAILS Y\ LOSE4 ,HE ADMITS ?AT COMMUNITIES BAS$ ON AN>*O-COMMUNI/ PR9CIPLES HAVE EXI/$1 & 0GIV5 A *ANCE0 HAVE HAD SOME DEGREE ( 0UNEXPECT$ SUCCESS40 ,BUT DUE TO LACK ( POPUL> SUPPORT & /ATE 9T]V5TION & REPRESSION !Y HAVE1 HE WRITES1 ALWAYS BE5 0FAILURES40 ,ON ! O!R H& HE ALSO >GUES ?AT SOCIETIES C\LD NOT EXI/ ANYWAY )\T SOME =M ( C5TRALIZ$ GOV]NM5T4 ,MILL] SEEMS OBLIVI\S TO ! FACT ?AT :AT ,/ANLEY ,DIAMOND CALL$ 0K9-COMMUNITIES0 HAVE LONG EXI/$ )9 & (T5 9 OPPOSITION TO /ATE SY/EMS1 & ?AT TRAD+ NETWORKS HAVE EXI/$ ?R\<\T HI/ORY1 EV5 AMONG HUNT]-GA!R]S1 )\T ANY /ATE CONTROL4 ,! /ATE1 9 ANY CASE1 IS A REC5T HI/ORICAL PH5OM5A1 & 9 ITS MOD]N NATION-/ATE =M HAS ONLY EXI/$ = A FEW HUNDR$ YE>S4 ,HUMAN COMMUNITIES HAVE LONG EXI/$ )\T C5TRAL OR CO]CIVE AU?ORITY4 ,:E!R A COMPLEX TE*NOLOGICAL SOCIETY IS POSSIBLE )\T C5TRALIZ$ AU?ORITY IS NOT A QUE/ION EASILY ANSW]$2 NEI!R IS IT ONE ?AT CAN BE LI<TLY DISMISS$4 ,MANY AN>*I/S BELIEVE ?AT SU* A SOCIETY IS POSSIBLE1 ?\< TE*NOLOGY WILL HAVE TO BE ON A 0HUMAN SCALE40 ,COMPLEX SY/EMS EXI/ 9 NATURE )\T !RE BE+ ANY CONTROLL+ ME*ANISM4 ,9DE$1 MANY GLOBAL !ORI/S N[ADAYS >E BEG9N+ TO CONTEMPLATE LIB]T>IAN SOCIAL VI/AS ?AT BECOME POSSIBLE 9 AN AGE ( COMPUT] TE*NOLOGY4 ,NE$LESS TO SAY1 IF ,MILL] HAD APPLI$ ! SAME CRIT]IA BY :I* HE SO ADV]SELY ADJUDGES AN>*ISM--DI/RIBUTIVE JU/ICE & SOCIAL WELL-BE+--TO CAPITALISM & /ATE 0COMMUNISM0 !N P]HAPS HE W\LD HAVE DECL>$ BO? !SE SY/EMS UNPRACTICAL & UNREALI/IC TOO8 ,BUT AT LEA/ ,MILL] WANTS TO RESCUE AN>*ISM FROM ! DU/B9 ( HI/ORY--TO HELP US TO CURB ABUSES ( P[]1 & TO KEEP ALIVE ! POSSIBILITIES ( FREE SOCIAL RELATION%IPS4  
  

,SOCIETY1 WE >E TOLD1 BY SU* AU?ORITIES AS ,FRI$RI* ,HAYEK1 ,M>G>ET ,?AT*]1 & ,M>ILYN ,/RA!RN1 EI!R DOES NOT EXI/1 OR IT IS A 0CONFUS$ CATEGORY0 ?AT \<T TO BE EXCIS$ FROM !ORETICAL DISC\RSE4 ,! WORD D]IVES1 ( C\RSE1 FROM ! ,LAT91 ,SOCIETAS1 :I* 9 TURN D]IVES FROM ,SOCIUS1 MEAN+ A COMPANION1 A FRI5D1 A RELATION%IP BETWE5 PEOPLE1 A %>$ ACTIVITY4 ,AN>*I/S HAVE ?US ALWAYS DRAWN A CLE> DI/9CTION BETWE5 SOCIETY1 9 ?IS S5SE1 & ! /ATE3 BETWE5 :AT ! ,JEWI% EXI/5TIALI/ S*OL> ,M>T9 ,BUB] CALL$ ! 0POLITICAL0 & ! 0SOCIAL0 PR9CIPLES4 ,BUB] WAS A CLOSE FRI5D ( ! AN>*I/ ,GU/AV ,L&AU]1 & :AT ,L&AU] BASICALLY >GU$--LONG BE=E ,F\CAULT--WAS ?AT ! /ATE C\LD NOT BE DE/ROY$ BY REVOLUTION3 IT C\LD ONLY BE UND]M9$--BY DEVELOP+ O!R K9DS ( RELATION%IPS1 BY ACTUALIZ+ SOCIAL PATT]NS & =MS ( ORGANIZATION ?AT 9VOLV$ MUTUALITY & FREE COOP]ATION4 ,SU* A SOCIAL DOMA9 IS ALWAYS 9 A S5SE PRES5T1 IMM95T 9 CONTEMPOR>Y SOCIETY1 CO-EXI/+ ) ! /ATE4 ,= ,L&AU]1 AS = ,COL9 ,W>D1 AN>*Y1 !RE=E1 IS NOT SOME?+ ?AT ONLY EXI/$ LONG AGO BE=E ! RISE ( ! /ATE1 OR EXI/S N[ ONLY AMONG PEOPLE LIKE ! ,NH>O OR ,PI>OA LIV+ AT ! M>G9S ( CAPITALISM4 ,NOR IS IT SIMPLY A SPECULATIVE VISION ( SOME FUTURE SOCIETY3 BUT RA!R1 AN>*Y IS A =M ( SOCIAL LIFE :I* ORGANIZES ITSELF )\T ! RESORT TO CO]CIVE AU?ORITY4 ,IT IS ALWAYS 9 EXI/5CE--ALBEIT (T5 BURI$ & UNRECOGNIZ$ B5EA? ! WEI<T ( CAPITALISM & ! /ATE4 ,IT IS LIKE 0A SE$ B5EA? ! SN[10 AS ,COL9 ,W>D 7#a#i#g#c7 GRAPHICALLY PUTS IT4 ,AN>*Y1 !N1 IS SIMPLY ! IDEA1 TO /AY ) ! SAME WRIT]1 0?AT IT IS POSSIBLE & DESIRABLE = SOCIETY TO ORGANIZE ITSELF )\T GOV]NM5T40 

,REF]5CES 

  
  

,B>CLAY1 ,H4 ,PEOPLE )\T ,GOV]NM5T 7,LONDON3 ,KAHN @& ,AV]ILL1 #a#i#h#b74 

,BOOK*91 ,M4 ,! ,ECOLOGY ( ,FRE$OM 7,PALO ,ALTO3 ,*E%IRE ,BOOKS1 #a#i#h#b74  
,RE-5*ANT+ ,HUMANITY 7,LONDON3 ,CASSELL1 #a#i#i#e74 

,BOTTOMORE1 ,T4 7,$7 ,A ,DICTION>Y (,M>XI/ ,?\<T 7,OX=D3 ,BLACKWELL1 #a#i#h#c74 

,CLA/RES1 ,P4 ,SOCIETY ,AGA9/ !4 ,/ATE 7,OX=D3 ,BLACKWELL1 #a#i#g#g74 

,CLIF=D1 ,J4 & ,G4 ,M>CUS1 7,$7 ,WRIT+ ,CULTURE 7,B]KELEY3 ,UNIV4 ,CALI=NIA ,PRESS1 #a#i#h#f74 

,ELL51 ,R4,F4 0,:AT ,BLACK ,ELK ,LEFT ,UNSAID10 ,AN?ROP4 ,TODAY #b#a#f2 PP4#h-#a#b1 #a#i#h#f4 

,GL$HILL1 ,J4 ,P[] & ITS ,DISGUISES 7,LONDON3 ,PLUTO1 #a#i#i#d74 

,H>T1 #c 4,M4 ,AN>*ISM & ! ,MEXICAN ,WORK+ ,CLASS #a#h#f-#a#i#c#a 7,AU/93 ,UNIV ( ,TEXAS1 #a#i#g#h74 

,HANN1 ,C4,M4 ,SOCIALISM 7,LONDON3 ,R\TL$GE1 #a#i#i#c74 

,H9DNESS1 ,B4 ,& ,HIR/1 ,P4,Q4 ,PRE-,CAPITALI/ ,MODES ( ,PRODUCTION 7,LONDON3 ,R\TL$GE @& ,KEGAN ,PAUL1 #a#i#g#e74 

,+OLD1 ,T4 ,EVOLUTION & ,SOCIAL ,LIFE 7,CAMBRIDGE3 ,CAMBRIDGE ,UNIV4 ,PRESS1 #a#i#h#f74 

,MILL]1 ,D4 ,AN>*ISM 7,LONDON3 ,P5T1 #a#i#h#d74 

,M9TZ1 ,J4,R4 ,! ,AN>*I/S ( ,CASAS ,VIEJAS 7,*ICAGO3 ,UNIV4 ,*ICAGO ,PRESS1 #a#i#h#b74 

,PEPP]1 ,D4 ,MODEM ,5VIRONM5TALISM 7,LONDON3 ,R\TL$GE1 #a#i#i#f74 

,W>D1 ,C4 ,AN>*Y 9 ,ACTION 7,LONDON3 ,ALL5 @& ,UNW91 #a#i#g#c74 

,Z]ZAN1 ,J4 ,ELEM5TS ( ,REFUSAL 7,SEATTLE3 ,LEFT ,BANK ,BOOKS1 #a#i#h#h74  
,FUTURE ,PRIMITIVE & ,O!R ,ESSAYS 7,BROOKLYN3 ,AUTONOM$IA_/,COLUMBIA3 ,AN>*Y1 #a#i#i#d74  

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,FEBRU>Y #a#b1 #bba 3 ,AN?ROPOLOGY & ,AN>*ISM -- ,ADD$4 
,FEBRU>Y #a#i1 #bbb 3 ,AN?ROPOLOGY & ,AN>*ISM -- ,UPDAT$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/WWW4,REVOLT,LIB4COM_/