,FREE ,9QUIRY 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,P>AF-,JAVAL 

,TEXT 3 

,E,V,O,L,U,T,I,O,N 

,FOLL[+ A S]IES ( SUCCESSIVE & CONT9U\S TRANS=MATIONS1 \R PLANET HAS >RIV$ AT ITS CURR5T /ATE4 ,MAN APPE>$ :5 HIS LIFE WAS POSSIBLE2 HE WILL DISAPPE> :5 HIS LIFE WILL BE IMPOSSIBLE4 ,AFT] ! HUMAN P]IOD ! E>?1 AN AGGREGATE ( MOLECULES1 WILL CONT9UE TO TRANS=M ITSELF AS LONG AS ITS MOLECULES & !IR COMPOS+ P>TS DON'T SEP>ATE & DISP]SE 9 SPACE4 

,?IS IS AN EVOLUTION4 ,IT IS FAT$4 ,!SE >E 9ELUCTABLE FACTS :I* \R WILL & ACTIVITY CANNOT MODIFY4  

,:AT IS A HI/ORIC FACT8 

,AN HI/ORIC FACT IS ! RESULT ( ! ACTIVITY ( HUMANS :O 9HABIT ! GLOBE AT ! SAME MOM5T4 ,IF ?IS ACTIVITY IS DRIV5 9 A C]TA9 DIRECTION !SE HUMANS MAKE A C]TA9 HI/ORY4 ,!Y W\LD MAKE ANO!R ONE IF IT W5T 9 ANO!R DIRECTION4  

,! EVOLUTION ( SOCIETIES1 ?\< DEP5D5T ON UNIV]SAL TRANS=MISM1 IS ?US NOT ( ! SAME NATURE AS COSMIC EVOLUTION4 ,IT DOESN'T ESCAPE \R 9FLU5CE4 ,IT RESULTS FROM IT4  

,IF HUMANS NEV] C>RY \T ! MOVEM5TS 9DISP5SABLE = ! E/ABLI%M5T ( A REASONABLE SOCIETY1 HUMAN LIFE C\LD CEASE ON \R GLOBE )\T HUMANITY HAV+ KN[N ! AGE ( REASON4 

,!SE MOVEM5TS 9DISP5SABLE = ! E/ABLI%M5T ( A REASONABLE SOCIETY MU/ BE DET]M9$ & NOT WAIT$ =1 S9CE ! EVOLUTION ( SOCIETIES DEP5DS UPON ,H,U,M,A,N ,A,C,T,I,V,I,T,Y 
,G,O,D 

,IS ! AFFIRM+ ( ! REALITY ( AN IMAG9ATIVE FICTION ! ACT ( S]I\S M58 

,GOD1 ACCORD+ TO ,LAPLACE1 IS AN UNNECESS>Y HYPO!SIS4 ,WE W\LD ADD1 0BIZ>RE40 

,9 FACT1 ! IDEA ( DIV9ITY COMES FROM ! WI% TO EXPLA9 \R ORIG94 0,! WORLD10 IT WAS SAID1 0C\LD NOT HAVE CREAT$ ITSELF2 IT WAS CREAT$ BY A ,SUPREME ,BE+40 ,! REPLY IS EASY3 0,:O CREAT$ ! ,SUPREME ,BE+80 

,! CONCEPT ( A CREATOR IS ?US BIZ>RE1 S9CE IT PU%ES BACK ! QUE/ION )\T RESOLV+ IT4 

,:AT IS MORE1 IT IS METAPHYSICAL & =EIGN TO PHYSICS1 S9CE IT IS ! EQUIVAL5T ( 5]GY ?AT EX]CISES ITSELF :]E !RE IS NO MATT]1 A FACT 9 CONTRADICTION ) ALL EXP]IM5TS4 

,IF WE FEEL ! NE$ TO GO BACK TO 0PRIM>Y CAUSES0 WE C\LD IMAG9E A PHYSICAL HYPO!SIS MORE 9 ACCORD ) ! CURR5T /ATE ( SCI5CE4  

,EV]Y?+ IS TRANS=M$1 BUT WE HAVE NEV] SE5 ANYONE CREATE ANY?+ FROM NO?+1 OR TURN SOME?+ TO NO?+4 ,IT IS ?US NOT ILLOGICAL TO SUPPOSE ?AT ! SUB/ANCE 7MATT]-5]GY7 WAS NOT CREAT$1 ALWAYS EXI/$1 & IS 9DE/RUCTIBLE4  

,NEV]!LESS1 IT IS IMPORTANT NOT TO GIVE ! SUB/ANCE ! NAME ( 0,GOD10 ?IS NAME ?AT /IRS UP ! IDEA1 NOT ( A PHYSICAL HYPO!SIS1 BUT ( AN OMNIPOT5T METAPHYSICAL BOOGEYMAN4  

,ONCE ! SCI5TIFIC HYPO!SIS 7! ET]NITY ( SUB/ANCES7 IS MADE1 IT IS ONLY WISE TO !N CONC]N ONESELF ) REALITY ALONE1 ?AT IS1 ( ! WORLD & ( ,M,A,N 
,! ,F,A,!,R,L,&  

,! GR\P+S ( M5 9HABIT+ C]TA9 PORTIONS ( T]RITORIES SUBJECT TO ! SAME LAWS >E CALL$ FA!RL&S1 NATIONS4 

,TWO NATIONS BELIEVE OR DON'T ?AT !Y HAVE ! SAME 9T]E/S4 ,9 ! FIR/ CASE !RE IS PEACE1 BUT FEEL+S LESS FAVORABLE TO HUMANS ( O!R NATIONS1 T[>DS /RANG]S 7NATIONALS FEEL+ SOLID>ITY = EA* O!R74 ,9 ! SECOND CASE !RE IS ANTIPA?Y T[>DS =EIGN]S1 PROTECTIONISM1 >M$ PEACE1 W>4 ,ALL ( ?IS H9D]S 9DIVIDUAL DEVELOPM5T4  

,WE SEE ?AT ! IDEA ( ! FA!RL& 9EVITABLY IMPLIES A S5TIM5T LESS FAVORABLE T[>DS ! HUMANS ( O!R FA!RL&S1 & POSSIBLE1 PROBABLE1 OR C]TA9 HATR$4 

,TO HATE A MASS ( BE+S :O Y\ DON'T P]SONALLY KN[1 TO HATE ?OSE UNKN[N1 TO RISK F9D+ ONESELF OBLIG$ TO KILL !M OR TO HAVE ONESELF KILL$ BY !M IS ABSURD4 ,NATIONALI/S & PATRIOTS >E ?US DANG]\S MADM54 

,?OSE :O DESIRE UNIV]SAL PEACE %\LD RADICALLY RID !MSELVES ( NATIONALISM & PATRIOTISM1 %\LD SUPPRESS NATIONS1 FA!RL&S4 

,! COMMON 9T]E/S ( ALL HUMANS BE+ ! FAVOR+ ( ! COMPLETE SATISFACTION ( ALL AN 9DIVIDUAL'S NATURAL NE$S1 ONLY ONE GR\P+ HAS A *ANCE ( REALIZ+ ?IS IDEAL1 ! GR\P+ ( ALL HUMANS3 ,H,U,M,A,N,I,T,Y 
,! ,L,A,W 

,ACTS USEFUL OR H>MFUL TO SOCIETY >E JUDG$ SO1 NOT 9 KEEP+ ) EVID5CE ?AT >E ! RESULT ( LOGICAL1 9DISPUTABLE D$UCTIONS1 BUT ACCORD+ TO ! :IMS ( A PORTION ( LEGISLATORS4 ,NO?+ PREV5TS ! LATT] FROM E/ABLI%+ ABSURD & VEX+ RULES1 AS LONG AS !SE RULES >E VOT$ & PROMULGAT$ 9 KEEP+ ) USAGE4  

,! LAW BE+ NO?+ BUT ! ACCEPTANCE BY C]TA9 M5 7! MAJORITY7 ( AN JUDGM5T CONTE/$ BY O!R M5 7! M9ORITY71 ?IS JUDGM5T MI<T OR MI<T NOT BE CORRECT4 ,IT IS NOT NECESS>ILY SO BECAUSE IT HAS BECOME ! LAW4 ,! TRU? C\LD BE ON ! SIDE ( ! M9ORITY1 OR IT C\LD BE ELSE:]E4 

,IMPOS+ JUDGM5TS BY =CE MEANS TYRANNIZ+4 ,LAW IS ! SUPREME OPPRESSION1 LEGAL OPPRESSION1 RULE BY =CE4 

,A MAN'S RI<TS CANNOT DEP5D ON ! MORE OR LESS 9TELLIG5T JUDGM5T ( O!R M54 ,EI!R !SE RI<TS EXI/1 OR !Y DON'T 

,IF !Y EXI/ !RE IS NO REASON TO PREV5T A MAN FROM EX]CIS+ !M1 EV5 DESPITE ! LAW4 

,BUT 9 ORD] TO EX]CISE !SE RI<TS !Y MU/ NECESS>ILY BE KN[N4 ,9 ORD] TO KN[ !M !Y MU/ BE DET]M9$ BY ,L,O,G,I,C4 
,P,O,L,I,T,I,C,S 

,9 ORD] = A PROPOSITION TO 5T] ! SCI5TIFIC REALM IT MU/ #a- BE PUT =? ) SUPPORT+ PRO(S2 #b- ! PRO(S1 ALWAYS V]IFI$1 MU/ ALWAYS BE RECOGNIZ$ AS CORRECT4 ,IF AT A GIV5 MOM5T !Y >E CONTE/$ & RECOGNIZ$ TO BE FALSE1 ! PROPOSITION IS IMM$IATELY EJECT$ FROM ! REALM ( SCI5CE4 

,9 ORD] = A PROPOSITION TO 5T] ! LEGAL REALM IT MU/ #a- BE VOT$ = BY REPRES5TATIVES ELECT$ ?R\< UNIV]SAL SUFFRAGE2 #b- BE PROMULGAT$ & IMPOS$ BY =CE4 ,REASONABLE OR NOT1 UND] !SE CONDITIONS IT BECOMES LAW4 

,SU* PROCE$+S1 =EIGN TO REASON1 CANNOT GIVE REASONABLE RESULTS4 ,POLITICS1 AN ILLOGICAL ME?OD1 CANNOT S]VE TO E/ABLI% RULES ( LOGICAL CONDUCT4 

,ONLY MADM5 WANT1 IF !SE RULES EXI/1 TO DET]M9E & IMPOSE !M ON S5SIBLE BE+S O!RWISE ?AN BY A ,R,A,T,I,O,N,A,L ,M,E,?,O,D4 
,U,N,I,V,],S,A,L ,S,U,F,F,R,A,G,E 

,! LAW1 AN >BITR>Y1 ANTI-SCI5TIFIC1 EMPIRICAL =MULA3 IS IT AT LEA/ ! S9C]E EXPRESSION ( ! OP9ION ( ! GREATE/ NUMB]8 

,NO4 ,?OSE :O P>TICIPATE 9 ITS =MATION >E ! PRIVILEG$ 7RI* OR 9TRIGU]S7 :O >E IMPOS$ BY LEAD]S ON ! IMBECILIC CR[D4 

,IF WE CONSID] ! EX]CISE ( ! RI<T ( SUFFRAGE AS ! (FICIAL 9FLU5CE ( A 0CITIZ50 ON HIS TIME1 9 ,FRANCE ?IS 9FLU5CE IS #a_/#a#d#f OR #a_/#a#d#f#a ( :AT IT %\LD BE4 

,9 FACT1 FROM ! AGE ( #b#a1 EV]Y F\R YE>S 7I4E41 ONCE EV]Y #adf OR #adfa DAYS71 ! VOT] VOTES 7I4E41 ATTEMPTS TO OPPRESS ?OSE :O ?9K DIFF]5TLY FROM HIM72 AU?ORITY1 = ITS P>T1 FUNCTIONS EV]Y DAY1 AT EV]Y 9/ANT4 

,UNIV]SAL SUFFRAGE ?US MEANS3 #a DAY ( ! RI<T TO 9TRIGUE1 & #adei OR #adf ( ABDICATION4 

,WE SEE !N ?AT UNIV]SAL SUFFRAGE IS A P[]FUL ME?OD = LULL+ HUMAN ACTIVITY TO SLEEP4 ,IT HAS NO?+ 9 COMMON ) POPUL> SOV]EIGNTY1 ) ! RI<T TO BE+ AS SOV]EIGN AS ANYONE ELSE AT EV]Y MOM5T4 ,IT HAS NO?+ 9 COMMON ) ,E,Q,U,A,L,I,T,Y4 
,! ,L,A,W 

,BY LAW WE MEAN EI!R ! FACULTY TO C>RY \T AN ACT OR ! :OLE ( LAWS1 OR ! SCI5CE ( LAWS4 

,BY NATURAL LAW ?AT :I* RESULTS FROM ! NATURE ( M5 & !IR NECESS>Y RELATIONS4 

,BY POSITIVE LAW WE MEAN ?AT :I* RESULTS FROM LAWS & ACCORDS4 

,!RE IS ?US A NATURAL LAW ?AT CAN BE DET]M9$ BY LOGIC & IMPOS$ BY REASON1 & :I* IS ! TRUE ONE1 & ANO!R LAW :I* DEP5DS ON ! :IMS ( M5 & IS IMPOS$ BY =CE1 & IS NOT ID5TICAL TO ! 0NATURAL10 NOT ID5TICAL TO ! TRUE ONE1 :I* IS ?US NOT TRUE LAW & :I* IS CALL$ 0POSITIVE40 

,SO IF POSITIVE LAW IS NOT ! TRUE LAW ,I ,W,A,N,T ,N,O,?,+ ,T,O ,D,O ,) ,I,T1 & ,I SAY ?AT RECOGNIZ+ SU* A LAW IS ! ACT ( FALSE SPIRITS1 = IF ADMITT+ ?AT REASON IS S5SIBLE1 ADMITT+ ?AT :I* DIFF]S FROM REASON & :I* CONSEQU5TLY IS NOT REASON CANNOT BE S5SIBLE4 

,IT FOLL[S FROM ?IS ?AT M5 WILL BECOME S5SIBLE AT ! PRECISE MOM5T :5 !Y WILL CEASE TO OCCUPY !MSELVES ) 0POSITIVE0 LAW1 & !Y WILL REMA9 MAD AS LONG AS LONG AS !Y OCCUPY !MSELVES ) ANY O!R RI<T ?AN ! 0NATURAL40  

,9 FACT1 LIMIT+ MY FACULTY TO ACT UPON ?+S P]MITT$ BY MY REASON MEANS US+ MY FACULTY TO ACT ) DISC]NM5T1 :ILE LIMIT+ MY FACULTY TO ACT TO ?OSE NOT DEF5D$ BY :IMS MEANS ALI5AT+ MY FACULTY TO ACT1 MEANS ABDICAT+ ,M,Y ,F,R,E,$,O,M 
,9,T,O,L,],A,N,C,E 

,! ,DECL>ATION ( ! ,RI<TS ( ,MAN ( #a<i SAYS3 

,>TICLE ,X3 ,NO ONE %\LD BE DI/URB$ = HIS OP9IONS1 EV5 RELIGI\S1 AS LONG AS !IR MANIFE/ATION DOESN'T TR\BLE ! PUBLIC ORD] E/ABLI%$ BY ! LAW4 

,>TICLE ,X,I3 ,! FREE COMMUNICATION ( IDEAS & OP9IONS IS ONE ( MAN'S MO/ PRECI\S RI<TS4 ,EV]Y CITIZ5 CAN ?US FREELY SPEAK1 WRITE & PUBLI%1 UND] P5ALTY ( ANSW]+ = ABUSES ( ?IS FRE$OM 9 CASES DET]M9$ BY ! LAW4 

,!SE RE/RICTIONS R$UCE ! TEXT ( ! TWO >TICLES TO ?IS3 

,WE CAN ?9K1 SAY1 WRITE1 PUBLI% C]TA9 ?+S2 WE CANNOT ?9K1 SAY1 WRITE1 OR PUBLI% C]TA9 O!R ?+S4 

,?9K+1 SPEAK+1 WRIT+1 PUBLI%+ FREELY :AT IS NOT PROHIBIT$ BY MAN'S :IMS IS NOT ?9K+1 SPEAK+1 WRIT+ & PUBLI%+ FREELY4 

,FRE$OM CANNOT DEP5D ON ! :IMS ( M54 ,IT MU/ ,B,E4 

,A LAW ON ! PRESS1 ON OP9IONS1 IS LEGAL 9TOL]ANCE1 IS ! NEGATION ( ,! ,F,R,E,$,O,M ,( ,O,P,9,I,O,N4 
,A,U,?,O,R,I,T,Y 

,UNTIL ! PRES5T DAY ALL SOCIETIES HAVE BE5 E/ABLI%$ ON ! PR9CIPLE ( AU?ORITY4 ,EV5 :AT IS WRONGLY CALL$ SOCIALISM IS A =M ( ?IS PR9CIPLE4 ,DELEGAT+ ONE'S P[]S TO 9DIVIDUALS *>G$ ) %>+ EV]Y?+ \T = ! GOOD ( ! COLLECTIVE 7COLLECTIVISM7 IS EQUIVAL5T TO AB&ON+ ONE'S RI<TS4 ,! COMRADES :O DO ! %>+ WILL BE ! PRIVILEG$ ONES1 ! RUL]S1 ! OPPRESSORS2 ! O!RS WILL BE ! EXPLOIT$1 ! GOV]N$1 ! OPPRESS$4 

,S9CE NO ONE CAN ACCEPT ?AT HE BE OPPRESS$1 HE CAN'T AU?ORIZE HIMSELF TO OPPRESS O!RS4 ,! LOGICAL 9DIVIDUAL NECESS>ILY >RIVES AT ! CONCEPT ( LIB]T>IAN COMMUNISM4  

,LET NO ONE SAY TO ME3 0,! DANG] ( ! ABS5CE ( GOV]NM5TS LIES 9 ! /RUGGLE ) UNREASONABLE 9DIVIDUALS40 ,WE CAN RESPOND3 0,! DANG] ( GOV]NM5T IS ! /RUGGLE BY ! REASONABLE GOV]N$ ) UNREASONABLE GOV]NORS & GOV]N$40 

,IF WE AFFIRM ?AT 9 ORD] = GOV]NM5T TO BE ABS5T WE NE$ REASONABLE 9DIVIDUALS WE CAN ALSO AFFIRM ?AT WE W\LD ACCEPT TO BE GOV]N$ IF IT W]E PROV$ ?AT ?OSE :O GOV]N WILL ALWAYS BE P]FECTLY REASONABLE4 

,WE ?US SEE ?AT A GOOD GOV]NM5T IMPLIES1 AS WELL AS ! ABS5CE ( GOV]NM5T1 REASON 9 9DIVIDUALS4 

,EI!R ONE OR ! O!R3 

,EI!R M5 WILL BE UNREASONABLE & WE WILL !N HAVE AN UNREASONABLE SOCIETY ) OR )\T A GOV]NM5T1 OR 

,HUMANS WILL BE REASONABLE1 & !RE IS NO NE$ = GOV]NM5T4 

,REASON LEADS TO ,A,N,>,*,Y 
,P,R,O,P,],T,Y 

,! ,DECL>ATION ( ! ,RI<TS ( ,MAN TELLS US ?AT PROP]TY IS ONE ( ! NATURAL & 9ALI5ABLE RI<TS ( MAN4 

,SO :Y !N >E ALL M5 NOT PROP]TY [N]S8 

,:Y SAY TO M53 0,PROP]TY IS ONE ( Y\R RI<TS10 :5 ! MAJORITY IS 9 NO POSITION TO BECOME L&[N]S1 :5 MO/ L&[N]S >E SO BY ! RI<T ( BIR? & ! O!RS >E NON-L&[N]S BY BIR?4 

,! M5 ( #a#g#h#i1 9 AFFIRM+ ?AT PROP]TY IS A NATURAL & 9ALI5ABLE RI<T1 WANT$ TO SAY ?AT MAN HAS ! RI<T TO [N :AT HE IS 0LEGALLY0 AU?ORIZ$ TO [N1 EV5 IF HE [NS IT TO HIS NEI<BOR'S DETRIM5T1 EV5 IF HE [NS NO?+4 

,?IS IS NOT H[ AN EGALIT>IAN %\LD UND]/& ! RI<T TO PROP]TY4 

,IF PROP]TY IS A NATURAL & 9ALI5ABLE RI<T EV]Y MAN %\LD1 AT ALL TIMES1 [N 9 ! SAME MEASURE AS EV]Y O!R4 

,CONCLUSION3 ,EI!R NO ONE A PROP]TY [N] OR ALL PROP]TY HELD 9 COMMON4 ,C,O,M,M,U,N,I,S,M 
,M,>,R,I,A,G,E 

,AFT] HAV+ TAK5 NOTE ?AT C]TA9 WORDS W]E EX*ANG$ 9 A C]TA9 PLACE 79 ,FRANCE1 ! T[N HALL7 SOCIETY RECOGNIZES 9 A C\PLE ! RI<T TO UNITE & F\ND A FAMILY4 

,! LAW PROTECTS ! SP\SES1 & ! WORLD RESPECTS !M AS LONG AS1 IF IT APPLIES1 BIGAMY1 LOV]S1 OR MI/RESSES >E NOT LEGALLY NOT$4 ,! *ILDR5 BORN ( M>RI$ PEOPLE OR ?OSE ATTRIBUT$ BY ! CODE TO M>RI$ PEOPLE >E LEGITIMATE & 5JOY C]TA9 RI<TS4 

,ON ! CONTR>Y1 A C\PLE ?AT UNITES )\T HAV+ FIR/ HAD NOT$ ! EX*ANGE ( C]TA9 WORDS 9 A C]TA9 PLACE IS CONSID]$ CRIM9AL & SOCIETY CONDEMNS !M1 = MUTUAL CONS5T IS NOT JUDG$ A SUFFICI5T TIE4 ,SOCIETY GOES SO F> AS TO PUNI% ! *ILDR5 = ! WRONG ( HAV+ BE5 BORN \TSIDE M>RIAGE4 ,BA/>DS >E DETE/$1 9SULT$4 ,NATURAL *ILDR51 ?AT IS1 BR\<T 9TO ! WORLD BY NON-AU?ORIZ$ P>5TS1 !Y DON'T HAVE ! SAME RI<TS AS LEGITIMATE *ILDR54  

,M>RIAGE ?US MEANS ! 5*A9+ ( TWO BE+S UND] ?REAT ( P5AL SANCTION1 :I* IMPLIES ! IDEA ?AT LACK+ ?IS SANCTION AFFECTION W\LDN'T SUFFICE TO SU/A9 ! (FICIAL FAMILY4 

,! COHESION ( A FAMILY BY =CE IS ! LEGAL CONSECRATION ( ! RI<T TO RECIPROCAL OPPRESSION4 

,! REASONABLE FAMILY1 F\ND$ & SU/A9$ IF IT %\LD BE1 BUT SU/A9$ )\T HYPOCRISY1 )\T CON/RA9T & SOLELY BAS$ ON ! 9TELLIG5T WILL ( ! 9T]E/$ P>TIES1 WILL HAVE ITS DEP>TURE PO9T 9 ,F,R,E,E ,U,N,I,O,N,S4 
,P,R,E,J,U,D,I,C,E,S 

,A PREJUDICE IS AN OP9ION =M$ BE=E HAV+ JUDG$4 

,P>5TS1 $UCATORS1 & POLITICIANS SUGGE/ C]TA9 EXCLUSIVE OP9IONS TO *ILDR5 & ! NAIVE4 ,IT FOLL[S FROM ?IS ?AT AN ADULT WILL HAVE BELIEFS 7RELIGION1 LAW1 FA!RL&1 ETC47 BECAUSE !SE BELIEFS WILL HAVE BE5 IMPOS$ ON HIM BY PEOPLE LACK+ 9 CRITICAL S5SE4 ,!SE LATT] TRANSMIT !IR PREJUDICES TO O!RS 9 ! SAME WAY !Y W]E TRANSMITT$ TO !M4 

,! SO-CALL$ FRE$OM ( A FA!R1 AS WELL AS AU?ORIT>IAN $UCATION1 9 O!R WORDS1 ! RI<T TO *OOSE A C]TA9 C]EBRAL /ATE = DEF5SELESS BE+S1 IS EQUIVAL5T TO ! LICIT OPPRESSION ( *ILDR5 & ! WEAK4 ,?IS OPPRESSION WILL P]SI/ AS LONG AS EV]Y 9DIVIDUAL IS NOT GIV5 ! SUM ( KN[L$GE HE IS CAPABLE ( RECEIV+ AS WELL AS ! FACULTY ( CONTROLL+ ?IS KN[L$GE4 

,! AU?ORIT>IAN ME?OD ( $UCATION DOES NOT ALL[ = ! CONTROLL+ ( RECEIV$ IDEAS1 ! DI/+UI%+ ( ! TRU? ( PREJUDICES4 

,A LIB]T>IAN $UCATIONAL ME?OD W\LD CONSI/ 93 

#a- ,9 ?OSE MATT]S 9 :I* EV]YONE IS 9 AGREEM5T TEA*+ !M \TSIDE ( ANY PREOCCUPATIONS1 SOLELY SO AS TO GIVE ! 9DIVIDUAL PHYSICAL NOTIONS & NOT TO 9CULCATE C]TA9 CONSID]ATIONS 9 HIM4 

#b- ,ON MATT]S OR OP9IONS ON :I* EV]YONE IS NOT 9 AGREEM5T1 TEA*+ !M BY PLAC+ ! 9DIVIDUAL 9 ! PRES5CE ( DIFF]5T OP9IONS AFT] HAV+ BE5 ASSUR$ ?AT HE IS CAPABLE ( REASON+ LOGICALLY4 

,9 ?IS WAY WE WILL HAVE ! POSSIBILITY ( ACCEL]AT+ ! DISCOV]Y ( ! TRU?1 ON :I* HUMAN PROGRESS DEP5DS4 ,9 ORD] TO >RIVE AT ?IS DISCOV]Y IT IS IMPORTANT1 9 FACT1 NOT ?AT 9DIVIDUALS HAVE ?IS OR ?AT OP9ION1 BUT ?AT !Y HAVE AN OP9ION AFT] HAV+ IMP>TIALLY JUDG$1 AFT] HAV+ 5GAG$ 9 ,F,R,E,E ,E,X,A,M,9,A,T,I,O,N4 
,C,O,M,P,E,T,I,T,I,O,N 

,IS COMPETITION SOCIALLY NECESS>Y8 ,MU/ ! HUMAN BEA/ ALWAYS BE A F]OCI\S BEA/ DEF5D+ HIS SK9 & HIS HAPP9ESS AGA9/ HIS CONTEMPOR>IES8 ,CURR5T SOCIETY REGULATES COMPETITION4 ,MU/ A RATIONAL SOCIETY DO ! SAME8 

,= ?OSE :O DON'T ADMIT ?AT WE CAN SACRIFICE REALITY TO ! ANTI-SCI5TIFIC HYPO!SES ( ! 0IMMORTALITY ( ! S\L0 & ! 0DIV9ITY1 0 ! 9DIVIDUAL'S IDEAL IS ! SATISFACTION ( ALL HIS NE$S 9 CON=MITY ) HIS NATURE4 

,! 9DIVIDUAL CANNOT REA* ?IS IDEAL BY LIV+ 9 ISOLATION4 ,ALONE HE C\LD NOT F9D HIS FOOD1 MAKE HIS CLO?+1 PROTECT HIMSELF AGA9/ O!R ANIMAL SPECIES & BAD WEA!R1 PR(IT BY OLD & NEW 9V5TIONS4 ,! HUMAN BE+ :O D5IES HUMAN SOLID>ITY IS1 IF HE WILLS IT OR NOT1 9 SOLID>ITY ) HIS LIKE4 ,HE WAS BR\<T 9TO ! WORLD1 RAIS$1 PROTECT$ BY !M2 HE RECEIV$ HIS LANGUAGE & KN[L$GE FROM !M4 ,9 !SE CONDITIONS1 UNABLE TO DO )\T O!RS1 %\LD HE NOT SAY TO HIMSELF3 

0,EV]Y O!R HUMAN1 LIKE ME1 WANTS TO SATISFY HIS NATURAL NE$S4 ,IF ,I PURSUE MY IDEAL DISREG>D+ ALL O!RS1 !RE WILL BE /RUGGLE1 COMPETITION1 & CONSEQU5TLY1 ,I RISK BE+ ! WEAKE/1 BE+ H9D]$1 NOT BE+ ABLE TO SATISFY MY NATURAL NE$S4 ,IF ON ! CONTR>Y ,I PURSUE MY IDEAL )\T DI/URB+ MY NEI<BOR1 OR EV5 BY HELP+ HIM1 ! /RUGGLE WILL BE QUA%$ & ,I C\LD EXPECT ( HIM ?AT HE RESPECT MY EGOISM & FRE$OM AS ,I RECOGNIZE HIS40 

,IF ?IS REASON+ IS CORRECT1 A RATIONAL SOCIETY MU/ NOT ONLY ABOLI% COMPETITION & ! /RUGGLE BETWE5 9DIVIDUALS1 IT MU/ ORGANIZE & SEE TO IT ?AT !RE FUNCTIONS ,C,A,M,>,A,D,],I,E4 
,U,T,O,P,I,A,S 

',UTOPIA' COMES FROM ! ,GREEK WORDS ,U 7NON7 & ,T,O,P,O,S 7,P,L,A,C,E73 A C\NTRY ?AT DOESN'T EXI/4 ,WE MEAN BY UTOPIA ! PLAN ( AN IDEAL ORGANIZATION &1 BY EXT5SION1 A !ORY CONSID]$ UNREALIZABLE4 

,IT IS ) ! WORD 0UTOPIA0 ?AT PEOPLE TRY TO RIDICULE & TO DISC\RAGE ?OSE :O 5VISAGE ! POSSIBILITY ( A RATIONAL SOCIETY & /RIVE TO DET]M9E ITS CONDITIONS4 

,WE =GET ?AT NO ONE HAS ! RI<T TO A PRIORI QUALIFY A !ORY AS UNREALIZABLE4 ,EV]Y !ORY IMPLIES PRACTICE1 EV]Y PRACTICE IMPLIES !ORY4 ,9 C]TA9 CASES ! !ORY PREC$ES PRACTICE1 9 O!RS PRACTICE PREC$ES !ORY4 ,! ONE ALWAYS CALLS = ! O!R4 

,SCI5TIFICALLY1 AFFIRMATIONS NOT ACCOMPANI$ BY PRO(S DON'T C\NT4 ,AFFIRM+ )\T PRO( ?AT A !ORY IS UNREALIZABLE1 ?AT A !ORY IS 0UTOPIAN0 HAS NO IMPORTANCE4 ,! LONG DI/ANCE TRANSPORT ( WORDS1 ! REPRODUCTION ( S\NDS & IMAGES1 VISION ?R\< OPAQUE BODIES1 WIRELESS TELEGRAPHY1 COLOR PHOTOGRAPHY1 YE/]DAY'S 0UTOPIAS0 >E TODAY'S 0PRACTICE40 

,A RATIONAL SOCIETY IS A BEAUTIFUL DREAM1 IT IS SAID4 ,TRUE4 ,BUT ! !ORETICIANS ( ?IS SOCIETY %\LD NOT ALL[ !MSELVES TO BE BO!R$ BY N>R[ >GUM5TS1 S9CE PROGRESS CONSI/S 9 MAKE UTOPIA ,A ,R,E,A,L,I,T,Y 

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