,LIFE ,UND] ! ,JOLLY ,ROG] ,PEOPLE 3 ,AU?OR 3 ,GABRIEL ,KUHN ,TEXT 3 4 ,9TRODUCTION ,9 HIS #bg ESSAY 0,FLY+ ! BLACK FLAG3 ,REVOLT1 REVOLUTION & ! SOCIAL ORGANIZATION ( PIRACY 9 ! 'GOLD5 AGE1'0 ,*RIS ,L& SUGGE/S ?AT 0! PIRATE IS A FIGURE 9 FULL SYMPA?Y ) ! ,ZEITGEI/ ( ! E>LY #b#a/ C5TURY40.<#a.> ,>GUABLY1 ! FIGURE ( ! PIRATE HAS BE5 9 FULL SYMPA?Y ) MANY ]AS OV] ! PA/ #c YE>S1 A*IEV+ 0SEMI-LEG5D>Y /ATUS10.<#b.> CREAT+ ITS 0[N MY?OLOGY10.<#c.> & LEAV+ 0AN 9DELIBLE M>K 9 ! PSY*E ( ! ,WE/]N WORLD40.<#d.> ,H[EV]1 ! CURR5T PIRATE CRAZE IS C]TA9LY ( A P>TICUL> /R5G?4 ,EV5 IF EPITOMIZ$ 9 ! ,PIRATES ( ! ,C>IBBEAN S]IES & ITS *>ISMATIC VILLA9 ,JACK ,SP>R[ 7OR ! DEVILI%LY H&SOME ,JOHNNY ,DEPP71 ! ATT5TION ?AT PIRATES HAVE RECEIV$ 9 REC5T YE>S IS BY NO MEANS LIMIT$ TO ! BIG SCRE5 & ! TOY SECTIONS ( DEP>TM5T /ORES4 ,!RE HAVE ALSO BE5 SIGNIFICANT S*OL>LY CONTRIBUTIONS4 ,?IS DOES NOT MAKE IT EASY TO F9D A PLACE = YET ANO!R PIRATE BOOK4 ,AFT] ALL1 ONE DOES NOT WANT TO REIT]ATE BUT TO CONTRIBUTE4 ,?IS BOOK ATTEMPTS TO F9D ITS PLACE 9 L9K+ ! HI/ORICAL DATA COLLECT$ ON PIRACY'S 0GOLD5 AGE10 ORIG9AT+ 9 ! ,C>IBBEAN & SPANN+ FROM R\E S*OL>S :O 9SI/ ?AT 0! REAL WORLD ( ! PIRATES WAS H>%1 T\< & CRUEL0.<#e.> & ?AT ! PIRATES 0ACQUIR$ A ROMANTIC AURA444:I* !Y C]TA9LY NEV] DES]V$20.<#f.> ON ! O!R H&1 !RE >E ?OSE :O MA9TA9 ?AT 0!SE \TLAWS L$ AUDACI\S1 REBELLI\S LIVES1 & . WE %\LD REMEMB] !M AS LONG AS !RE >E P[]FUL PEOPLE & OPPRESSIVE CIRCUM/ANCES TO BE RESI/$40.<#g.> ,! IDEOLOGICAL ASSUMPTIONS BEH9D !SE TWO P]SPECTIVES >E AS CLE> AS !IR RESPECTIVE CONSEQU5CES4 ,:ILE = ! ADH]5TS ( ! =M]1 0PIRATES T5D TO GET A BETT] PRESS ?AN !Y DES]VE1 (T5 BE+ ADMIR$ = !IR LAID-BACK LIFE-/YLE & PRAIS$ AS PROTO-REVOLUTION>IES OR DEMOCRATS RA!R ?AN CONDEMN$ AS ! MURD]]S & ?IEVES ?AT MO/ ( !M W]E10.<#h.> ! ADH]5TS ( ! LAT] EMBRACE ,M>CUS ,R$IK]'S P]CEPTION ?AT PIRATES W]E 0REBELS0 :O 0*ALL5G$1 9 ONE WAY OR ANO!R1 ! CONV5TIONS ( CLASS1 RACE1 G5D]1 & NATION10 0EXPRESS$ HI< IDEALS10 & 0ABOLI%$ ! WAGE1 E/ABLI%$ A DIFF]5T DISCIPL9E1 PRACTIC$ !IR [N K9D ( DEMOCRACY & EQUALITY1 & PROVID$ AN ALT]NATIVE MODEL = RUNN+ ! DEEP-SEA %IP40.<#i.> ,9 ! 5D1 BO? SIDES ACCUSE ! O!R ( SUB/ITUT+ FICTION = FACT4 ,:ILE SKEPTICS ( AN ALLEG$ PIRATE ROMANTICISM F9D IT IMPORTANT 0TO PRES5T ! DIFF]5CE BETWE5 MY? & REALITY = ?OSE :O WANT TO PE] BEH9D ! ROMANTIC LEGACY ( PIRACY10.<#a.> !IR RADICAL OPPON5TS ACCUSE !M ( MA9TA9+ A REACTION>Y LAW & ORD] PHILOSOPHY4 ,9 %ORT1 SELF-DECL>$ REASON & ALLEG$ CONS]VATISM OPPOSE SELF-DECL>$ RADICALISM & ALLEG$ ROMANCE4 ,AL?\< ?IS BOOK IS WRITT5 FROM A RADICAL P]SPECTIVE1 IT WILL TRY TO AVOID ?IS DEBATE = SEV]AL REASONS3 #a4 ,IT CANNOT BE DECID$3 ,! LACK ( RELIABLE MAT]IAL ON ! EV]YDAY LIVES & EXPLOITS ( ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES IS NOTORI\S4 ,PHILIP ,GOSSE'S CONCLUSION ?AT 0( ! LIFE ON BO>D BUCCANE] & PIRATE %IPS A SOME:AT HAZY & 9COMPLETE PICTURE REA*ES US10 IS A V]Y G5]\S WAY ( PHRAS+ IT4.<#a#a.> ,:ILE !RE EXI/ A FEW PRECI\S--& PROBABLY AU!NTIC--ACC\NTS ( ! LIFE ON BUCCANE] %IPS 7MO/ NOTABLY ?OSE ( ,EXQUEMEL91 ,DAMPI]1 ,R+ROSE1 DE ,LUSSAN & ,REYN+.<#a#b.>71 \R IMAGES ( LIFE ON PIRATE %IPS /ILL RE/ TO AN OV]:ELM+ DEGREE ON ,CAPTA9 ,JOHNSON'S ,A ,G5]AL ,HI/ORY ( ! ,ROBB]IES & ,MURD]S ( ! ,MO/ ,NOTORI\S ,PIRATES4 .<#a#c.> ,! FIR/ VOLUME ( ! ,G5]AL ,HI/ORY APPE>$ 9 ,LONDON 9 #a#g#b#d1 CONTA9+ ALMO/ TWO DOZ5 /ORIES AB\T PIRATE CAPTA9S1 FROM ,H5RY ,EV]Y & ,BLACKBE>D TO ,B>?OLOMEW ,ROB]TS & ,$W>D ,L[4 ,LIT]>Y LIB]TIES W]E C]TA9LY TAK5 9 TRANSCRIB+ !SE /ORIES--= EXAMPLE1 ! FREQU5T 9CLUSION ( ON-%IP DIALOGUE PROVOKES 9DE$ ! COMM5T ?AT 0IT W\LD BE H>D TO IMAG9E :O HAD BE5 ABLE TO RECORD IT0.<#a#d.>--YET SUBSEQU5T RESE>* HAS CONFIRM$ MANY DETAILS & ! VOLUME IS G5]ALLY CONSID]$ TO BE A RELIABLE HI/ORICAL S\RCE4 ,9 #a#g#b#f1 ,JOHNSON ADD$ A SECOND VOLUME1 EXP&+ ! NUMB] ( /ORIES TO OV] ?IRTY4 ,CONFIRMATION = MANY ( !SE REMA9S SC>CE4 ,! MO/ FAM\S--AB\T ,CAPTA9 ,MISSON & HIS UTOPIAN COMMUNITY ,LIB]TALIA--IS ALMO/ C]TA9LY FABRICAT$4 ,SOME PIRATE S*OL>S HAVE TAK5 ?IS AS REASON 5\< NOT TO CITE OR REF]5CE ! ,G5]AL ,HI/ORY'S SECOND VOLUME AT ALL4.<#a#e.> ,?IS BOOK FOLL[S ! DECISION ( MO/ O!RS & 9CLUDES ! P>TS ?AT APPE> PLAUSIBLE ACCORD+ TO LAT] HI/ORICAL RESE>*4 ,AS F> AS ! /ORY ( ,CAPTA9 ,MISSON IS CONC]N$1 IT WILL BE DISCUSS$ AS AN IMPORTANT /ORY = RADICAL PIRATE LORE RA!R ?AN AS A HI/ORICAL EV5T4 ,! MA9 REASON = ! CONT9U+ SIGNIFICANCE ( ,JOHNSON'S CLASSIC = PIRATE HI/ORIOGRAPHY IS1 QUITE SIMPLY1 A LACK ( BETT] S\RCES4 ,RELIABLE FIR/- H& ACC\NTS ( LIFE ON PIRATE %IPS & 9 PIRATE COMMUNITIES DUR+ ! GOLD5 AGE >E MISS+1 & EV5 ! \T/&+ WORK CONDUCT$ 9 REC5T DECADES BY HI/ORIANS LIKE ,DAVID ,CORD+LY1 ,PET] ,E>LE1 & ,M>CUS ,R$IK]1 :O HAVE UNE>!D MANY VALUABLE SECOND>Y S\RCES1 CANNOT MAKE !SE ACC\NTS MAGICALLY APPE>4 ,! EVALUATION ( GOLD5 AGE PIRATE LIFE--& H5CE ITS POLITICS--CONT9UES TO RE/ ON GUESSWORK & SPECULATION4 #b4 ,GIV5 ! LACK ( HI/ORICAL S\RCES1 ! DANG] ( ROMANTICIZATION IS 9DE$ IMM95T3 ,ROMANTICIZATION IS A D\BLE-$G$ SWORD4 ,UND] C]TA9 CIRCUM/ANCES1 IT CAN BE A USEFUL TACTICAL WEAPON TO PROVOKE & 9SPIRE4 ,9 ! MID- #iS1 ! MEMB]S ( ,M9NEAPOLIS' AN>*O-PUNK COLLECTIVE ,PR(ANE ,EXI/5CE (F]$ ! FOLL[+ 9T]PRETATION3 ,! IDEA ( OBJECTIVE TRU? IS BULL%IT4 ,! BELIEF ?AT Y\ CAN DESCRIBE OR 9T]PRET HI/ORY EXACTLY AS IT HAPP5$ IS A LIE4 ,?OSE :O >E 9 P[] >E ALSO ?OSE :O USUALLY GET TO DEF9E :AT IS 'TRUE4' ,BY ROMANTICIZ+ EV5TS WE NOT ONLY (F] AN ALT]NATIVE 9T]PRETATION TO ! 'TRU?1' WE ALSO *ALL5GE ! RUL+ CLASS & ! MASS M$IA'S CLAIM TO A MONOPOLY ON TRU?4 ,WE SAY \R 9T]PRETATION ( POLITICS & HI/ORY IS AS GOOD AS !IRS & ?AT IF Y\'RE GO+ TO BELIEVE ONE PACK ( LIES Y\ MI ,ON A POLITICAL PLANE1 ?IS S\NDS CONV9C+4 ,H[EV]1 :AT SOMETIMES WORKS AS A TACTICAL WEAPON DOES NOT NECESS>ILY WORK = LEVELHEAD$ DISCUSSION--:I* CAN BE AS 9SPIR+ 7& PROVOCATIVE7 AS NO-QUALMS ROMANTICISM4 ,9 FACT1 IT CAN BE MORE SO4 ,AFT] ALL1 ROMANTICIZ+ IS AN 9H]5T P>T ( ! B\RGEOIS TRADITION AS WELL4 ,?IS ALSO APPLIES TO PIRACY3 ,! PIRATE TALE444IS ! PRODUCT ( ! B\RGEOIS IMAG9ATION4 ,ONE ( ITS MO/ IMPORTANT FUNCTIONS IS TO PROVIDE A SAFETY VALVE AGA9/ ! PRESSURES PUT ON ! 9DIVIDUAL BY ! DEM&S ( B\RGEOIS MORALITY4444,! KEY FANTASIES >E ?OSE ( UNRE/RA9$ LIB]TY & P[]--COMP5SATIONS = :AT ! PRUD5T B\RGEOIS CAN NEV] A*IEVE1 H[EV] SUCCESSFUL HE IS MAT]IALLY4.<#a#g.> ,9 !SE L9ES1 WE MI ,& EV5 NON-RADICAL HI/ORIANS CONC$E ?AT 0PIRATES >E A RECOGNIZABLE & EMOTIVE IMAGE ?AT REPRES5TS A FRE$OM ( ACTION ?AT IS D5I$ TO MO/ LAW-ABID+ MOD]N CITIZ5S40.<#a#i.> ,ACCORD+ TO !SE OBS]VATIONS1 ! B\RGEOIS CREATES IMAG9>Y ALT] EGOS ?AT HELP HIM ACCEPT ! LIBID9AL RE/RICTIONS ( HIS EV]YDAY EXI/5CE4 ,9 ?IS CONTEXT1 ! ALLEG$ FRE$OM & MILBORO ,MAN--NOT EXACTLY *>ACT]S SUITABLE AS RADICAL ROLE MODELS4 ,9 ! 5D1 ROMANTICIZ$ NOTIONS AB\T GOLD5 AGE PIRACY MIY RADICAL POLITICS3 ,CONTEMPOR>Y RADICAL POLITICS >E NOT AB\T PIRATES FROM A PA/ LONG GONE1 !Y >E AB\T PEOPLE RITICUL>LY IF ,HANS ,TURLEY IS RI ,POLITICALLY1 ! QUE/ION ( H[ CONTEMPOR>Y ACTIVI/S CAN RELATE TO GOLD5 AGE PIRATES SEEMS MU* MORE CRUCIAL ?AN ! 9EVITABLY CONTE/$ TRU? AB\T GOLD5 AGE PIRACY4 ,9 O!R WORDS1 ! POLITICAL 9T]PRETATION ( GOLD5 AGE PIRACY MAT]S LESS ?AN ITS CONTEMPOR>Y POLITICAL ADAPTATION 4 ,9 LIIZ$ AS FOLL[S3 ,ONE1 ADD+ GUESSES & SPECULATIONS AB\T GOLD5 AGE PIRATE LIFE TO ?OSE ?AT ALREADY EXI/1 & !REBY 5GAG+ 9 A DIALOGUE ) O!RS /UDY+ ! SUBJECT4 ,TWO1 TRY+ TO EXPLORE ! PIRATE MY? RA!R ?AN TRY+ TO DISCLOSE AN ALLEG$ PIRATE TRU?1 FOLL[+ ! V]DICT ?AT H]E1 0! LEG5D & ! REALITY >E WOV5 9TO A FABRIC IMPOSSIBLE TO UNRAVEL4 ,H[EV]1 ! WAY ?IS FABRIC IS WOV5 CAN BE EXAM9$40.<#b#a.> ,?REE1 R5D]+ ! RADICAL FASC9ATION ) PIRACY POLITICALLY VALUABLE 9 ! CONTEMPOR>Y CONTEXT1 & SUGGE/+ WAYS 9 :I* ! ,JOLLY ,ROG] CAN FLY FROM BALCONIES & AT RALLIES )\T ?IS BE+ M]E SYMBOLIC RITUALISM4 ,9 ?IS VE91 IT BECOMES ONE ( ! BOOK'S MA9 9T5TIONS TO DISPROVE ! CONCLUSION ?AT 0!444PIRATES LEFT US ) NO LEGACY EXCEPT AN AURA ?AT !Y NEV] DES]V$40.<#b#b.> ,:ILE ,I S9C]ELY HOPE ?AT ?IS BOOK CAN >\SE ! 9T]E/ ( A BROAD SPECTRUM ( READ]S--A SPECTRUM ?AT GOES BEYOND ! N>R[ CONF9ES ( POLITICAL SELF-LABEL+--IT W\LD MAKE LITTLE S5SE TO D5Y ?AT IT WAS WRITT5 FROM :AT HAS BE5 CALL$ A RADICAL P]SPECTIVE4 ,BY ?IS ,I MEAN A P]SPECTIVE ?AT 5VISIONS SOCIAL *ANGE RUNN+ DEEP] ?AN A S]IES ( RE=MS )9 ! PREVAIL+ SOCIAL1 CULTURAL1 ECONOMIC1 & POLITICAL ORD]3 SOCIAL *ANGE ?AT AFFECTS ! V]Y FUNDAM5TALS ( \R SOCIETY & MAKES WAY = NON-AU?ORIT>IAN & EGALIT>IAN COMMUNITIES4 ,UNSURPRIS+LY1 ! VOLUME BUILDS ON ! EXCEPTIONAL WORK DONE BY SEV]AL RADICAL PIRATE S*OL>S SU* AS ,*RI/OPH] ,HILL1 ,M>CUS ,R$IK]1.<#b#c.> ,PET] ,LAMBORN ,WILSON1 ,/EPH5 ,SNELD]S1 & ,*RIS ,L&4 ,ANY CRITICISM ?AT MIITY ?AT AIMS AT ADVANC+ ! POLITICAL DISCUSSIONS ON GOLD5 AGE PIRACY4 ,)\T !SE S*OL>S' WORK1 & ! 9SPIRATION DRAWN FROM IT1 ?IS BOOK C\LD NOT HAVE BE5 WRITT54 ,! SAME IS TRUE ( C\RSE = ! EQUALLY EXCEPTIONAL WORK CONDUCT$ BY NON-RADICAL S*OL>S LIKE ,ROB]T ,C4 ,RIT*IE1 ,DAVID ,CORD+LY1 ,ANGUS ,KON/AM1 OR ,PET] ,E>LE4.<#b#d.> ,! VOLUME IS LAID \T AS FOLL[S3 ,*APT] ,ONE WILL PROVIDE A BRIEF HI/ORICAL SKET* ( GOLD5 AGE PIRACY & ! PREC$+ ]A ( ! BUCCANE]S4 ,IT MA9LY 9T5DS TO BUILD AN ADEQUATE EMPIRICAL FRAME ( REF]5CE = ! DISCUSSIONS ?AT FOLL[4 ,EXT5SIVE HI/ORIES ( GOLD5 AGE PIRACY HAVE BE5 WRITT5 BY AU?ORS MU* MORE CAPABLE ( ! TASK ?AN ,I AM4 ,PLEASE SEE ! 0,NOTES ON ,PIRATE ,LIT]ATURE0 AT ! 5D ( ! BOOK = MORE DETAILS4 ,*APT]S ,TWO & ,?REE APPROA* ! CULTURE ( GOLD5 AGE PIRACY FROM TWO ANGLES4 ,*APT] ,TWO FOCUSES ON ! 9T]PRETATION ( GOLD5 AGE PIRACY AS 0AN ALT]NATIVE WORLD GOV]N$ BY DIFF]5T K9DS ( NORMS40.<#b#e.> ,IT WILL ATTEMPT TO PROVIDE AN E?NOGRAPHY ( GOLD5 AGE PIRACY4 ,*APT] ,?REE FOCUSES ON GOLD5 AGE PIRACY AS AN 0ALT]NATIVE0 OR 0SUBV]SIVE0 P>T ( ,EURO-,AM]ICAN CULTURAL HI/ORY4 ,*APT] ,F\R WILL ADDRESS ! CONCRETE POLITICAL IMPLICATIONS & POSSIBILITIES ( GOLD5 AGE PIRACY3 ITS POLITICO-HI/ORICAL SIGNIFICANCE1 ITS SOCIAL & ORGANIZATIONAL /RUCTURES1 ITS ECONOMY1 & ITS E?ICS4 ,COMP>ISONS TO DIFF]5T POLITICAL !ORIES & MOVEM5TS AS WELL AS REFLECTIONS ON ! READ+S ( COMM5TATORS ON PIRATE POLITICS >E ( P>TICUL> IMPORTANCE4 ,! CONCLUD+ ESSAY1 0,! ,GOLD5 ,AGE ,PIRATES' ,POLITICAL ,LEGACY10 WILL SUMM>IZE ! BOOK'S MA9 >GUM5TS1 TIE !M TO CONTEMPOR>Y POLITICS1 & ATTEMPT TO MAKE !M VALUABLE 9 A RADICAL CONTEXT4 ,! BIBLIOGRAPHY CONTA9S SOME 9TRODUCTORY COMM5T>Y TO ORI5T READ]S )9 ! EV]-GR[+ BODY ( ,5GLI% PIRATE LIT]ATURE4 ,= DIDACTIC PURPOSES1 CAPITALIZATION1 PUNCTUATION1 &1 V]Y R>ELY1 ! SPELL+ 9 QUOT$ PASSAGES HAVE BE5 ADJU/$ TO ! MA9 BODY ( ! TEXT1 EXCEPT :5 MISAPPREH5SIONS SEEM$ POSSIBLE4 ,I TAKE FULL RESPONSIBILITY = !SE DECISIONS4 ,ON A F9AL NOTE3 SOME ( ! !MES DEVELOP$ 9 ?IS BOOK BUILD ON A %ORT ,G]MAN ESSAY ,I WROTE 9 #a#i#i#c4 ,! ESSAY EXP]I5C$ A SOME:AT CURI\S PUBLI%+ HI/ORY & AN ,5GLI% TRANSLATION1 5TITL$ 0,LIFE ,UND] ! ,DEA?'S ,HEAD10 APPE>$ AS P>T ( ! ,BLACK ,ROSE BOOK ,WOM5 ,PIRATES & ! ,POLITICS ( ! ,JOLLY ,ROG] --A VOLUME ?AT ONE CRITIC DESCRIB$ AS 0AGITPROP444BY ?REE ,G]MAN AN>*I/S444 CLE>LY DESIGN$ AS A SITUATIONI/ *ALL5GE40.<#b#f.> ,AP>T FROM ! PETTY 7OR NOT SO PETTY7 DETAILS ?AT ,I AM NOT ,G]MAN & ?AT ,I HAVE MY D\BTS :E!R ,ULRIKE ,KLAUSMANN & ,M>ION ,ME9Z]9--:O WROTE MO/ ( ! BOOK--W\LD ID5TIFY AS AN>*I/S1 ,I TAKE ?IS TO BE A RA!R FLATT]+ DESCRIPTION4.<#b#g.> #a4 ,BACKGR\ND #a4#a4 ,PRIVATE]S1 ,BUCCANE]S1 ,PIRATES3 ,MAT]S ( ,T]M9OLOGY 0,ONE GREAT DIFFICULTY :I* ! AU?OR ( ?IS WORK IS MET ) IS TO DECIDE :O WAS1 & :O WAS NOT1 A PIRATE10.<#b#h.> WROTE ,PHILIP ,GOSSE 9 #a#i#b#d1 AS P>T ( ! 9TRODUCTION TO ,! ,PIRATES' ,:O'S ,:O4 ,! SAME DIFFICULTY IS /ILL FAC$ BY ANYONE WRIT+ AB\T PIRATES TODAY4 ,9 G5]AL1 A WIDE DEF9ITION ( PIRACY COMPETES ) A N>R[ ONE4 ,! =M] BUILDS ON ! SUGGE/ION ?AT A PIRATE1 9 ! WORDS ( ,DAVID ,CORD+LY1 SIMPLY 0WAS1 & IS1 SOMEONE :O ROBS & PLUND]S ON ! SEA40.<#b#i.> ,9 A SIMIL> VE91 ,G]MAN AU?OR ,RE9] ,TRE95 WRITES ?AT 0G5]ALLY1 WE CAN UND]/& SEA ROBB]Y & PIRACY AS ANALOGIES TO COMMON ROBB]Y & ! ACTIVITIES ( COMMON ROBB] GANGS40.<#c.> ,OBVI\SLY1 ! PROBLEM ) ?IS DEF9ITION IS ?AT IT DEP5DS ON \R UND]/&+ ( 0ROBB]Y0--A NOTION ?AT HAS BE5 HIIBBEAN W]E 0SEA ROBB]S10 & H5CE 0PIRATES10 MANY W]E LIC5S$ RAID]S 70BUCCANE]S0 ACT+ AS 0PRIVATE]S07 9 ! EYES ( ! ,5GLI%1 ,FR5* OR ,DUT*4 ,AS ,HANS ,TURLEY SUGGE/S1 0! BUCCANE] DIFF]S FROM ! PIRATE BECAUSE HE WAS AN \TLAW-MADE-NATIONAL- H]O40.<#c#a.> ,IT WILL NOT SURPRISE US !N ?AT SOME OBS]V]S HAVE ALSO CO9$ ! T]M 0PATRIOTIC PIRACY0.<#c#b.> = ! ACTIVITIES ( ! BUCCANE]S4 ,! N>R[ DEF9ITION ( PIRACY ATTEMPTS TO ESCAPE ?IS CONUNDRUM1 AS IT CONSID]S PIRATES ONLY ?OSE SEA ROBB]S :O C>RY NO LIC5SE BY ANY LEGAL AU?ORITY1 :O T>GET ALL %IPS1 REG>DLESS ( ! NATIONAL COLORS !Y FLY1 & :O >E 0UNWILL+ TO BE REGI/]$ OR CORRUPT$ BY EI!R MONEY OR (FICE40.<#c#c.> ,!SE >E ! 0HO/ES HUMANI G5]IS10 ! 05EMIES ( MANK9D10.<#c#d.> ! 0VILLA9S ( ALL NATIONS40.<#c#e.> ,!IR ACTIVITIES HAVE BE5 CO9$ BY SOME AS 0AUTONOM\S PIRACY0.<#c#f.>--9 ! EYES ( ! AU?ORITIES1 0A ,K9D ( ,PIRACY :I* DISGRACES \R ,CIVILIZATION40.<#c#g.> ,9 ORD] TO DI/+UI% !M FROM LIC5S$ SEA ROBB]S1 !SE PIRATES HAVE BE5 CALL$ 0! PIRATES PROP]10.<#c#h.> 0\T-&-\T PIRATES10.<#c#i.> 0FULL-BL[N PIRATES10.<#d.> OR 0PIRATE. 9 ! TRUE/ S5SE40.<#d#a.> ,9 ! ,5GLI% LEGAL DICTUM ( ! E>LY #a#h? C5TURY1 !Y W]E DEF9$ ) ! FOLL[+ WORDS3 0,A PIRATE IS 9 A P]PETUAL W> ) EV]Y 9DIVIDUAL1 & EV]Y /ATE1 ,*RI/IAN OR 9FIDEL4 ,PIRATES PROP]LY HAVE NO C\NTRY1 BUT BY ! NATURE ( !IR GUILT1 SEP>ATE !MSELVES1 & R5\NCE ON ?IS MAT]1 ! B5EFIT ( ALL LAWFUL SOCIETIES40.<#d#b.> ,?IS DEF9ITION ALSO ACC\NTS = ! SUCC9CT OBS]VATION ?AT 0PIRACY WAS NEV] M]ELY ROBB]Y0.<#d#c.>--A FACT ON :I* MU* ( ITS MY?OLOGY IS GR\ND$4 ,?IS BOOK WILL MA9LY WORK ) ! N>R[ DEF9ITION ( PIRACY4 ,9 FACT1 ! GR\P ( PIRATES ON :I* IT FOCUSES NOT ONLY EXCLUDES ?OSE BE+ LIC5S$ BY LEGAL AU?ORITY1 BUT ALSO ?OSE :O OP]AT$ FROM SECURE L& BASES4 ,! REASON = ?IS IS ! P>TICUL> ATT5TION GIV5 TO ! NOMADIC ELEM5T ( GOLD5 AGE PIRACY--A FEATURE ?AT ASKS = A SPECIAL & UNIQUE ANALYTICAL APPROA*4 ,DESPITE C]TA9 /RUCTURAL SIMIL>ITIES /EMM+ FROM !IR COMMON PR(ESSION1 HI/ORICAL PIRATE COMMUNITIES LIKE ?OSE ( ! ,BRITI% ,*ANNEL1 ! ,B>B>Y ,COA/ OR ! ,*9A ,SEA CON/ITUTE FUNDAM5TALLY DIFF]5T SOCIAL PH5OM5A AS !IR RELATIONS TO ! L&1 LOCAL COMMUNITIES & POLITICAL AU?ORITIES W]E MU* MORE CLE>LY DEF9$1 EV5 IF GREAT DIV]SITY EXI/$ )9 !IR RESPECTIVE MODES ( ORGANIZATION & ACTIVITIES4.<#d#d.> ,! SAME GOES = CURR5T PIRATE COMMUNITIES LIKE ?OSE OP]AT+ ALONG ! ,NOR!A/ ,AFRICAN COA/4 ,ROB]T ,C4 ,RIT*IE PROVIDES A USEFUL DI/9CTION :5 DIVID+ PIRATES ACCORD+ TO TWO DIFF]5T ME?ODS ( OP]ATION3 ONE CAN BE DEF9$ AS ORGANIZ$ M>AUD+1 ! O!R AS AN>*I/IC M>AUD+4 ,MANY M5 W]E 9VOLV$ 9 BO?2 YET A DI/9CTION CAN BE MADE4 ,ORGANIZ$ PIRATES REMA9$ ATA*$ TO A PORT AS !IR BASE ( OP]ATION4 ,AN>*I/IC M>AUD+ 9VOLV$ LEAV+ BEH9D ! BASE ( OP]ATION & W&]+ = MON?S--EV5 YE>S--AT A TIME4.<#d#e.> ,AN EXPLANATION ( T]MS ?AT COMMONLY APPE> 9 CONNECTION ) PIRATE HI/ORY FOLL[S3 ,A BUCCANE] WAS ORIG9ALLY A HUNT] ON ! ISL& ( ,HISPANIOLA 7TODAY DIVID$ 9TO ! ,DOM9ICAN ,REPUBLIC & ,HAITI74 ,?IS WAS ! MEAN+ ( ! T]M = ! FIR/ HALF ( ! #a#g? C5TURY4 ,AS ! BUCCANE]S GRADUALLY TURN$ TO SEA ROBB]Y & RAID+--(T5 LIC5S$1 SOMETIMES NOT-- ! T]M BECAME A SYNONYM = ,C>IBBEAN PIRATES4 ,IT WAS US$ AS SU* UNTIL AB\T #a#f#i1 :5 BUCCANE] CULTURE CAME TO ITS 5D & GAVE WAY TO 0PROP]10 OR GOLD5 AGE1 PIRACY4 ,DUE TO ! /RONG CULTURAL TIES BETWE5 ! BUCCANE]S & ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES1 ! =M] WILL FEATURE PROM95TLY 9 ?IS BOOK4 ,A PRIVATE] IS A SEA ROBB] :O ACTS UND] ! LIC5SE ( A LEGAL AU?ORITY4 ,9 ! ,C>IBBEAN ( ! #a#g? C5TURY1 SU* A LIC5SE WAS USUALLY CONF]R$ BY A LETT] ( M>QUE4 ,9 A S5SE1 PRIVATE]S W]E SEABORNE M]C5>Y =CES :O 5GAG$ 9 0PIRACY ) /ATE-SPONSOR%IP40.<#d#f.> ,CAPTA9 ,JOHNSON DESCRIB$ PRIVATE]+ 9DECISIVELY AS 0SOME?+ LIKE PIRAT+40.<#d#g.> ,PRIVATE]+ S]V$ ?OSE 9 P[] WELL1 S9CE IT 0WAS A USEFUL EXT5SION ( NAVAL W>F>E :I* NOT ONLY CREAT$ AN 9COME = ! GOV]NM5T ISSU+ ! PRIVATE]+ CONTRACT1 BUT ALSO HELP$ TO H>ASS 5EMY %IPP+ 9 TIMES ( W>1 )\T ! ISSU+ AU?ORITY HAV+ TO DO ANY?+40.<#d#h.> ,MO/ BUCCANE]S WORK$ AS PRIVATE]S4 ,ACCORD+ TO ,J5IF] ,G4 ,M>X1 BUCCANE]+ BECAME 0A PECULI> BL5D ( PIRACY & PRIVATE]+ 9 :I* ! TWO ELEM5TS W]E (T5 9DI/+UI%ABLE40.<#d#i.> ,DESPITE ?IS1 ! IMPLICATIONS ( BO? ACTIVITIES SE5 SEP>ATELY REMA9$ DIAMETRICALLY OPPOS$4 ,9 ,JANICE ,E4 ,?OMSON'S WORDS3 0,PRIVATE]+ REFLECT$ /ATE RUL]S' EF=TS TO BUILD /ATE P[]2 PIRACY REFLECT$ SOME PEOPLE'S EF=TS TO RESI/ ?AT PROJECT40.<#e.> ,FLIBU/I] WAS ! ,FR5* T]M = A BUCCANE]4 ,IT HAS SOMETIMES RETROSPECTIVELY BE5 TRANSLAT$ 9TO ! ,5GLI% FILIBU/] 1 EV5 ?\< ?IS T]M ONLY CAME TO BE US$ 9 ! #a#h? C5TURY1 P>TLY 9 CONNECTION ) ILLEGAL ,AM]ICAN MILIT>Y 9FILTRATION 9TO ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA1 & MORE LA/+LY AS ! SIGNIFI] = A LEGAL PROC$URE4 ,CORSAIR WAS A ,FR5* T]M SOMETIMES US$ SYNONYM\SLY ) PIRATE1 BUT USUALLY RES]V$ = ! PIRATES ( ! ,M$IT]RANEAN4 ,SEA DOG WAS (T5 US$ = ! ,5GLI% PRIVATE]S ( ! #a#f? C5TURY1 ! MO/ FAM\S BE+ ,FRANCIS ,DRAKE4 ,O!R SYNONYMS = PIRATE NOT EMPLOY$ H]E 9CLUDE SEA ROV]1 FREEBOOT]1 M>OON]1 ! PICTURESQUE PIC>OON1 OR SWA%BUCKL]1 :I* ORIG9ALLY S]V$ AS A #a#f?-C5TURY T]M = BRIG&S & WAS ONLY APPLI$ TO PIRATES BY #a#i?- C5TURY NOVELI/S & #b?-C5TURY SCRIPTWRIT]S4.<#e#a.> #a4#b4 ,:AT 0,GOLD5 ,AGE80 ,A ,LITTLE ,HI/ORY ,! FOLL[+ PAGES PROVIDE A BRIEF OV]VIEW ( ! DEVELOPM5T ( PIRACY 9 ! ,C>IBBEAN LEAD+ UP TO ! 0GOLD5 AGE10 DUR+ :I* ! OP]ATIONS ( ORIG9ALLY ,C>IBBEAN-BAS$ PIRATES EXT5D$ ALONG ! COA/S ( ! ,AM]ICAS1 9TO ! ,9DIAN ,OCEAN1 &1 F9ALLY1 TO ! WE/ COA/ ( ,AFRICA4 ,DIFF]5T HI/ORIANS HAVE GIV5 ! GOLD5 AGE DIFF]5T TIME FRAMES1 DEP5D+ BO? ON !IR RESPECTIVE DEF9ITIONS ( PIRACY & ! WEIRE/ ( HIS CREW7 & #agc 7! EXECUTION ( ,OLIVI] ,LA ,BUSE71 !RE IS LESS ( AN AGREEM5T ON ITS BEG9N+S4 ,:ILE SOME 9CLUDE EV5 ! AGE ( ! BUCCANE]S & LET ! GOLD5 AGE BEG9 >\ND #a#f#e1 O!RS QUOTE YE>S AS LATE AS #a#g#a#f1 :5 ! LA/ MAJOR \TBREAK ( NON-LIC5S$ PIRACY 9 ! ,C>IBBEAN TOOK %APE4 ,IT SEEMS MO/ USEFUL TO FOLL[ ?OSE S*OL>S :O PLACE ! BEG9N+ ( ! GOLD5 AGE 9 ! E>LY #a#f#iS4 ,AT ?AT TIME1 SOME ,ANGLO-,AM]ICAN PRIVATE]S & MUT9E]S BEGAN TO SAIL !IR VESSELS 9TO ! ,9DIAN ,OCEAN TO PREY ON %IPS ( ALL NATIONS1 ?OSE ( ! ,5GLI% & !IR ALLIES 9CLUD$4 ,IT IS TOLD ?AT ! ,NEW ,5GL& PRIVATE] CAPTA9 ,?OMAS ,TEW CONV9C$ HIS CREW TO GO PIRAT+ 9 #afib BY SUGGE/+ 0?AT IT WAS BETT] TO RISK Y\R LIFE = PLUND] ?AN = GOV]NM5T40.<#e#b.> ,IF !RE IS ANY TRU? TO ?IS TALE1 !N ?IS MOM5T SEEMS 9DE$ DECISIVE = ! PIRATE PH5OM5ON /UDI$ 9 ?IS VOLUME4 ,! FOLL[+ TIMEL9E 9T5DS TO %$ SOME LIRIVE AT ! ISL& ( ,HISPANIOLA4 #a#d#i#b-C4 #a#f#b3 ,SPA9 E/ABLI%ES A NE> EXCLUSIVE HOLD ON ! ,C>IBBEAN REGION & PUNI%ES 09T]LOP]S0 9DISCRIM9ATELY4 ,MO/ FAM\SLY1 A %ORT-LIV$ ,FR5* ,HUGU5OT SETTLEM5T 9 ,FLORIDA IS CRU%$ ) BRUTAL =CE 9 #a#e#f#e4,?R\<\T ! 5TIRE P]IOD1 !RE IS NO PEACE BEYOND ! L9E1 MEAN+ ?AT :ATEV] PEACE TREATIES >E SIGN$ 9 ,EUROPE1 !Y DO NOT APPLY TO ! >EAS WE/ ( ! M]IDIAN ! ,SPANI% DREW 9 ! #adid ,TREATY ( ,TORDESILLAS TO DEM>CATE !IR NEWLY 0DISCOV]$0 ,AM]ICAN T]RITORIES4 C4 #a#e#b-#a#e#e3 ,FR5* PRIVATE]S />T PREY+ ON ,SPA9'S TRANSATLANTIC TRADE4 ,AT FIR/1 ,SPANI% %IPS >E ALMO/ EXCLUSIVELY ATTACK$ ON !IR RETURN J\RNEYS TO ,EUROPE4 ,9 ! #a#e#cS1 H[EV]1 ,FR5* %IPS BEG9 TO V5TURE 9TO ! ,C>IBBEAN ITSELF1 9ITIAT+ A P]IOD ?AT TURNS ! REGION 9TO 0A HAPPY HUNT+-GR\ND0.<#e#c.> & 0A P>ADISE = AN ADV5TUR\S ROBB]40.<#e#d.> C4 #a#e#e-#a#f3 ,5GLI% PRIVATE]S1 ! SEA DOGS1 9CREAS+LY P5ETRATE ! ,C>IBBEAN REALM TO ATTACK ,SPANI% COMM]CE4 ,FRANCIS ,DRAKE1 CALL$ 0MY PIRATE0 BY ,QUE5 ,ELIZABE?1 IS ! MO/ LEG5D>Y4 ,! ]A ( ! SEA DOGS 5DS ) ! DEA? ( ,PHILIP ,I,I 9 #a#e#i#h4 C4 #a#f-#a#f#c#e3 ,DUT* PRIVATE]S CAUSE 5ORM\S DAMAGE TO ,SPANI% COMM]CE 9 ! ,C>IBBEAN & WEAK5 ! ,SPANI% HOLD OV] ! >EA TO A DEGREE ?AT ALL[S ! E/ABLI%M5T ( NON-,SPANI% SETTLEM5TS :I*1 9 ! WORDS ( ONE HI/ORIAN1 0DEVELOP$ \T ( ! PIRACY ( ! PREC$+ C5TURY40.<#e#e.> ,! ,DUT* PRIVATE]S ALSO MAKE IT POSSIBLE = ,DUT* TRAD]S TO TAKE CONTROL ( ,C>IBBEAN COMM]CE = DECADES4.<#e#f.> ,DUR+ ! SAME P]IOD1 M5 :O HAVE BE5 DESCRIB$ AS 0A REM>KABLE BL5D ( HUMAN FLOTSAM0.<#e#g.> AS WELL AS 0A MOTLEY CR[D0.<#e#h.> BEG9 TO =M A 0MALE1 M>ITIME & MIGRANT CULTURE0.<#e#i.> 9 ! WE/]N P>TS ( ,HISPANIOLA 7MOD]N-DAY ,HAITI71 LEAD+ A 0HALF-SAVAGE1 9DEP5D5T MODE ( LIFE10.<#f.> SU/A9$ BY HUNT+ WILD BO>S & CATTLE4 ,! ANIMALS >E REMNANTS ( ,SPANI% SETTLEM5TS EVACUAT$ BY ! ,SPANI% AU?ORITIES 9 #afc AFT] ITS 9HABITANTS HAD BE5 SUSPECT$ ( TRAD+ ) RIVAL ,EUROPEAN NATIONS4.<#f#a.> ,?IS M>KS ! BEG9N+ ( ! BUCCANE]S1 0!SE /RANGE PEOPLE10.<#f#b.> 0A RUFFIANTLY1 D>E-DEVIL LOT1 :O FE>$ NEI!R ,GOD1 MAN1 NOR DEA?10.<#f#c.> 0T\< FRONTI]SM5 LIV+ BEYOND ! LAW10.<#f#d.> 0\TLAW HUNT]S0.<#f#e.> 0SC>CELY LESS WILD ?AN ! ANIMALS !Y HUNT$10.<#f#f.> 0M5 :O C\LD NEV] LIVE 9 ! BOSOM ( ORD]$ SOCIETY1 M5 :O LIV$ = ! MOM5T1 SWAGG]]S1 LOV]S ( GLORY1 M5 SOMETIMES CRUEL1 (T5 G5]\S1 BUT C[>DS1 NEV]40.<#f#g.> ,! BUCCANE]S >E NAM$ AFT] A MEAT-SMOK+ DEVICE APP>5TLY CALL$ BUCCAN 9 ! LANGUAGE ( ! 9DIG5\S ,C>IBS4 ,SOME CONS]VATIVE HI/ORIANS HAVE DRAWN A RA!R DRAMATIC PICTURE ( ! BUCCANE]S' EXI/5CE3 ,!Y W]E SAVAGES 9 DRESS & HABITS4 ,NO AM\NT ( BA?+ C\LD ]ADICATE ! /9K ( GUTS & GREASE ?AT CLUNG TO !M4 ,!IR R\< HOMESPUN G>M5TS W]E /IFF ) ! BLOOD ( SLAU$ !IR FACES ) TALL[ TO REPEL 9SECTS4 ,ON ! COA/ !Y LIV$ 9 %ACKS COV]$ ) PALM LEAVES & SLEPT 9 SLEEP+ BAGS NEXT TO SMOK+ FIRES TO W>D (F MOSQUITOES4.<#f#h.> ,?IS HAS L$ C]TA9 AU?ORS TO ! PO9T$ CONCLUSION ?AT 0LIFE AMONG ! ',BRE?R5 ( ! ,COA/' CANNOT HAVE BE5 PLEASANT = ANYONE ) A S5SITIVE NOSE40.<#f#i.> ,O!RS1 H[EV]1 HAVE CONC$$ ?AT 0= MANY IT WAS A GOOD LIFE1 IMPOSSIBLE TO DUPLICATE 9 ,EUROPE3 5\< TO EAT1 9DEP5D5CE1 FRE$OM FROM MA/]S40.<#g.> 0,! ORIG9S ( !SE M5 WE DO NOT KN[10 WRITES ,C4 ,H4 ,H>+1.<#g#a.> BUT IT HAS TO BE ASSUM$ ?AT !Y CON/ITUT$ A BL5D ( 0/RAGGL]S FROM ALL ?REE NATIONS0--MEAN+ ,FRANCE1 ,5GL&1 & ! ,NE!RL&S--0/R&$1 M>OON$1 OR %IPWRECK$ CREWM52 DES]T]S2 RUNAWAY BOND S]VANTS & SLAVES2 ADV5TUR]S ( ALL SORTS40.<#g#b.> ,MAYBE !Y 9DE$ 9CLUD$ 0ALL SU* AS DISLIK$ ORGANIZ$ SOCIETY40.<#g#c.> 0,ALL1 :ATEV] !Y W]E ORIG9ALLY1 SEEM TO HAVE BE5 HE>TY1 C>E-FREE M5 :O PREF]R$ A LIFE ( SEMI-SAVAG]Y TO ! TIRESOME LAWS & ORD]S ( ! CIVILIZ$ WORLD40.<#g#d.> C4 #a#f#b-#a#f#d3 ,DESPITE FI]CE ,SPANI% RESI/ANCE1 ! ,5GLI%1 ,FR5*1 & ,DUT* ALL E/ABLI% HOLDS 9 ! ,C>IBBEAN1 P>TICUL>LY ON ! ISL&S ( ! ,LESS] ,ANTILLES4 ,! COLONIAL TABLES 9 ! ,C>IBBEAN >E AB\T TO TURN4 ,AS ONE HI/ORIAN HAS NOT$1 0LIV+ *EEK BY J[L ) !IR 5EMIES1 !Y BR\ C4 #a#f#c-#a#f#e3 ,! NUMB] ( BUCCANE]S ON ,HISPANIOLA /EADILY 9CREASES DUE TO DISPLAC$ SETTL]S1 RUNAWAY SLAVES1 & FUGITIVE OR DISMISS$ 9D5TUR$ LABOR]S4 ,ACCORD+ TO ,/EPH5 ,SNELD]S1 0! ,BRE?R5 ( ! ,COA/ FUNCTION$ AS A K9D ( *AOTIC ATTRACTOR1 S]V+ AS A FOCUS = ADV5TUR\S1 REBELLI\S1 & \TLAW ELEM5TS10.<#g#f.> :ILE ,C>L & ,ROB]TA ,BRID5BAU< SUGGE/ ?AT 0BUCCANE]+ SIPHON$ (F ! MO/ ADV5TUR\S1 PUGNACI\S1 & GRE$Y ( ! L&LESS MALES ( ! CR[D$ ,5GLI% ISL&S40.<#g#g.> ,WORRI$ AB\T ! EXPANSION ( ! MULT9ATIONAL BUCCANE]+ COMMUNITY 9 ! HE>T ( !IR EMPIRE1 ! ,SPANI% CONDUCT ILL-CONCEIV$ ATTEMPTS AT *AS+ ! BUCCANE]S FROM ! ISL& 9 ! #a#f#cS BY KILL+ (F ! H]DS ( BO>S & CATTLE4 ,! ATTEMPT BACKFIRES4 ,! BUCCANE]S /AY1 BUT HAVE TO TURN TO NEW MEANS ( LIVELIHOOD4 ,ONE IS SEA ROBB]Y4 ,BY ! #a#f#cS1 BUCCANE] GANGS 9 DUG\T CANOES OR FLYBOATS EMB>K ON NIITIME RAID]S40.<#g#h.> ,DUR+ ! SAME TIME1 ! ISL& ( ,TORTUGA 7ACROSS A SMALL /RAIT (F ,HISPANIOLA'S NOR?WE/]N TIP7 TURNS 9TO A BUCCANE] C5T] & REMA9S HI & PROVE MU* MORE DISA/R\S TO ! ,SPANI% ?AN ! PRES5CE ( SOME 0SAVAGE HUNT]S0 9 ! REMOTE >EAS ( ,HISPANIOLA C\LD HAVE EV] BE54 #a#f#e#e-#a#f#i#g3 ,! ,5GLI% EXP$ITION S5T TO ! ,C>IBBEAN BY ,OLIV] ,CROMWELL TAKES ,JAMAICA 9 #a#f#e#e4 ,SUBSEQU5TLY1 MANY ,5GLI% BUCCANE]S FROM ,HISPANIOLA & ,TORTUGA FLOCK TO ! ISL&--5\< ?AT BY ! #a#f#fS1 BUCCANE]+ HAS TURN$ 9TO 0! ISL&'S PR9CIPAL S\RCE ( REV5UE40.<#h.> ,?IS CON/ITUTES A SPLIT 9 ! BUCCANE] COMMUNITY ALONG NATIONAL L9ES4 ,:ILE ! ,5GLI% BUCCANE]S E/ABLI% !MSELVES 9 ,JAMAICA1 !IR ,FR5* 0BRE?R50 REMA9 ON ,TORTUGA & ,HISPANIOLA4 ,MEAN:ILE1 0BUCCANE]+ EVOLV$ FROM SMALL-SCALE OP]ATIONS 9 ! ,WE/ ,9DIES TO MASSIVE L& RAIDS40.<#h#a.> 0,A PRACTICE ?AT />T$ AS A FEW M5 9 A CANOE WAIT+ TO CAT* AN UNW>Y COA/AL FREIGE %IPS ) OV] A HUNDR$ 9 ! CREW1 & F9ALLY TO :OLE FLEETS40.<#h#b.> ,! BUCCANE]S TURN 9TO A MILIT>Y =CE1 5GAG+ 9 AMBITI\S AMPHIBI\S RAIDS UND] LEG5D>Y LEAD]S LIKE ,H5RY ,MORGAN 7MO/ R5[N$ = ! SACK ( ,PANAMA 9 #a#f#g#a74 ,ACCORD+ TO ,FRANKL9 ,W4 ,KNI ALL ?IS TO ! DELILE EXPLA9S3 ,! GOV]NORS ( ,JAMAICA & ,TORTUGA = !IR P>T BELIEV$ ?AT PRIVATE]+ HAD MANY ADVANTAGES1 PROVID+ AS IT DID EMPLOYM5T = SOME V]Y R\< M51 PR(ITS FROM FITT+ \T & VICTUAL+ ! PRIVATE]S' %IPS1 A /REAM ( PRIZES TO BE SOLD *EAPLY 9 !IR M>KETS & AN EFFECTIVE & CO/LESS NAVAL DEF5SE AGA9/ C\NT]-ATTACK BY ! ,SPANI>DS4 ,AS = ! GOV]NM5TS AT HOME 9 ,LONDON & ,P>IS1 !Y W]E NORMALLY HAPPY TO CONDONE OR EV5 ACTIVELY 5C\RAGE ! ISSUE ( COMMISSIONS 9 ! ,WE/ ,9DIES4 ,!Y BELIEV$ ?AT ?IS CONT9U$ PRESSURE WAS ! BE/ ME?OD ( 5C\RAG+ ,SPA9 TO RECOGNIZE !IR DE FACTO COLONIES 9 ! ,9DIES & IDEALLY ALL[ !IR TRAD]S TO BREAK 9TO ! LUCRATIVE ,SPANI% COLONIAL M>KETS :I* W]E MA9TA9$ AS A MONOPOLY = ,SPANI>DS4 ,!Y W]E ALSO AW>E ?AT ! CAPTURE ( ,SPANI% %IPP+ WAS AN EFFECTIVE MEANS ( REMOV+ ! COMPETITION & SO PROVID+ AN 5C\RAGEM5T = ,5GLI% & ,FR5* M]*ANT %IPP+ TO BREAK 9TO ! TRADE ( ! REGION4.<#h#d.> ,AP>T FROM ,TORTUGA_/,HISPANIOLA & ,JAMAICA1 BUCCANE] HAV5S 9CLUDE ,NEW ,PROVID5CE 9 ! ,BAHAMAS1 ,/4 ,CROIX1 ,CURACAO1 & ,DANI% ,/4 ,?OMAS4 ,MANY BUCCANE]S ALSO F9D TEMPOR>Y HOMES 9 ! ,BAY ( ,CAMPE*E & ! ,BAY ( ,HONDURAS1 :]E !Y WORK AS LOGWOOD CUTT]S FROM >\ND #a#f#g4 ,EV5TUALLY1 H[EV]1 ! IMPORTANCE ( ! BUCCANE]S = ! COLONIAL /RUGGLE 9 ! ,C>IBBEAN WANES4 ,*RI/OPH] ,HILL SUCC9CTLY SUMS UP ! SITUATION 9 ! LATE #a#g? C5TURY3 0,9 ! %ORT RUN BUCCANE]+ MAY HAVE BE5 A CONV5I5T 9VE/M5T = BIG PLANT]S4 ,BUT 9 ! LONG RUN ! BUCCANE]S W]E A NUISANCE1 EXP5DABLE ONCE ! ,C>IBBEAN WAS POLIC$40.<#h#e.> ,! ,DUT* >E ! FIR/ TO (FICIALLY AB&ON PRIVATE]+ ) ! ,TREATY ( ,! ,HAGUE 9 #a#f#g#c4 ,! ,5GLI% FOLL[ SUITE ) ! ,TREATY ( ,W9DSOR 9 #a#f#h1 &--AFT] A LA/ ILL-FAT$ EMPLOYM5T ( BUCCANE] =CES 9 ! ATTACK ON ,C>TANEGA 9 #a#f#i#g--! ,FR5* F9ALLY COMPLETE ! (FICIAL )DRAWAL FROM PRIVATE]+ ) ! ,TREATY ( ,RYSWICK4 ,AS ! #a#h? C5TURY BEG9S1 ! BUCCANE]S >E GONE4 ,!IR LEGACY1 H[EV]1 REMA9S4 ,AS ,J4,H4 ,P>RY & ,P4,M4 ,%]LOCK CONT5D3 0,AT NO O!R TIME 9 ,WE/]N HI/ORY CAN A FEW ?\S& DESP]ADOES HAVE CREAT$ A REIGN ( T]ROR OV] SO VA/ AN >EA1 OR HAVE EX]CIS$ SO GREAT & SO CONT9U\S AN 9FLU5CE UPON ! POLICY ( CIVILIZ$ /ATES40.<#h#f.> C4 #a#f#i-#a#g3 ,AS ! BUCCANE]S DISAPPE>1 ! 0PIRATES PROP]0 >ISE4 ,MANY =M] BUCCANE]S HAVE LITTLE 9T]E/ 9 A SETTL$ EXI/5CE & 9T5D TO FUR!R SECURE !IR ECONOMIC SURVIVAL BY RAID+4 ,S9CE (FICIAL LIC5SES >E 9CREAS+LY H>D] TO COME BY1 !Y TURN TO ILLEGAL RAIDS--(T5 ON ALL %IPS1 REG>DLESS :I* FLAGS !Y FLY4 ,/EPH5 ,SNELD]S DESCRIBES ! TRANSITION ?US3 0,9 ! /RUGGLE = DOM9ANCE 9 ! SEV5TE5? C5TURY1 ! ,BRO!RHOOD HAD PLAY$ ITS ROLE 9 ! GRAY BORD] ZONE BETWE5 SANCTION$ PRIVATE]+ & \TRI ,9 ! MID-#a#f#iS1 ! SUCCESSFUL PIRATE VOYAGES 9TO ! ,9DIAN ,OCEAN BY ,H5RY ,EV]Y & ,?OMAS ,TEW1 BO? ( :OM GET AWAY RI* & UNH>M$ 7AT LEA/ 9ITIALLY--,TEW DIES DUR+ HIS SECOND VOYAGE71 HELP PROVIDE 0A NEW ROLE-MODEL = ! :OLE FRAT]NITY ( SEAGO+ M]C5>IES0.<#h#h.> & 9CITE A PIRATE BOOM 9 ?OSE LONGITUDES ?AT ALSO PROMPTS ! FAM$ PIRATE SETTLEM5TS 9 ,MADAGASC>4 ,!Y ALSO GIVE BIR? TO A DI/9CT1 0TRANSNATIONAL10 PIRATE CULTURE4 ,AS A RESULT1 0SOON AFT] ! RETURN ( PEACE 9 #a#f#i#g1 !RE WAS AN EXPLOSION ( PIRACY ON A SCALE NEV] SE5 BE=E40.<#h#i.> ,9 #a#g1 AFT] AN ,5GLI% NAVY VESSEL GIVES *ASE TO A %IP UND] ! COMM& ( ,CAPTA9 ,EMANUEL ,WYNN1 !RE >E FIR/ REPORTS ( PIRATES FLY+ ! ,JOLLY ,ROG]--! 9FAM\S BLACK FLAG ADORN$ BY ALLEGORIES ( DEA? 7SKULL & CROSSBONES1 H\R GLASSES1 BLE$+ HE>TS1 ETC474 ,IT SOON COMES TO SIGNIFY AN AFFIRMATIVE PIRATE ID5TITY1 9DICAT+ ?AT 0UNLIKE ! G5]ATIONS ( PIRATES BE=E !M1 :O CALL$ !MSELVES PRIVATE]S--9 TRU?1 ANY?+ BUT PIRATE = FE> ( ! DEA? P5ALTY ?AT SOON CAME ) ! NAME--! FREEBOOT]S ( ! E>LY EIE CRIM9ALS1 WE >E PIRATES1 WE >E ?AT NAME40.<#i.> ,ACCORD+LY1 A W> AGA9/ ! PIRATES IS WAG$ BY ! AU?ORITIES3 0,! PROBLEM WAS TACKL$ 9 A NUMB] ( WAYS3 BY ! 9TRODUCTION ( LEGISLATION2 BY ISSU+ P>DONS TO PIRATES 9 ! HOPE ?AT !Y W\LD AB&ON !IR LIVES ( CRIME2 BY /EPP+ UP NAVAL PATROLS 9 ! WOR/ AFFECT$ >EAS2 BY PROMIS+ REW>DS = ! CAPTURE ( PIRATES2 & BY ! TRIAL & EXECUTION ( CAPTUR$ PIRATES40.<#i#a.> ,! MO/ SIGNIFICANT LEGAL 9NOVATION IS ! #ag ,ACT = ! ,MORE ,EFFECTUAL ,SUPPRESSION ( ,PIRACY1 MAK+ IT POSSIBLE = A SEV5-P]SON C\RT ( (FICIALS OR NAVAL (FIC]S TO TRY PIRATES :]EV] SU* A C\RT IS ABLE TO ASSEMBLE1 ?US MAK+ TRANSF]S BACK TO ,5GL& UNNECESS>Y4 #a#g#a-#a#g#a#c3 ,! ,W> ( ! ,SPANI% ,SUCCESSION BR+S A RELIEF FROM UNLIC5S$ PIRACY AS IT PRODUCES A NEW NE$ = PRIVATE]S4 ,) ! BIG BUCCANE] COMMUNITIES DISSOLV$1 MANY PIRATES RETURN TO RAID+ UND] NATIONAL FLAGS4 ,AS ,PET] ,E>LE PUTS IT3 0,! PIRATES BECAME PATRIOTS AGA940.<#i#b.> #a#g#a#c-#a#g#b#b3 ,) ! 5D ( ! W>1 PIRACY REEM]GES4 ,HUNDR$S ( DEMOBILIZ$ SOLDI]S FILL ! PIRATES' RANKS4 ,:ILE ! NAVY 5LI/$ MORE ?AN #e#c1 M5 9 #a#g#c1 ! NUMB] DW9DLES TO #a#c1#d#c 9 #a#g#a#e4.<#i#c.> ,A YE> LAT]1 ,C>IBBEAN PIRACY REA*ES PREVI\SLY UNKN[N HEIT]S4 ,! ISL& LOSES ITS PROM95T ROLE 9 #a#g#a#h1 H[EV]1 ) ! >RIVAL ( ,BRITI% GOV]NOR ,WOODES ,ROG]S4 ,! >RIVAL ( ,ROG]S--HIMSELF A =M] PRIVATE]--IS P>T ( A ,BRITI% GOV]NM5T DESIGN TO CURB PIRACY4 ,! PLAN ALSO 9CLUDES ! (F] ( A P>DON & ! DISPAT*+ ( ?REE W>%IPS--SOME?+ TO 0DEMON/RATE TO A WISE PIRATE ?AT ! DAYS ( !IR 'V]Y PLEASANT' WAY ( LIFE W]E NUMB]$40.<#i#d.> ,:ILE SOME ( ! ,NEW ,PROVID5CE PIRATES ACCEPT ! P>DON & HELP ,ROG]S TURN ,NEW ,PROVID5CE 9TO A /ABLE1 0LAWFUL0 COLONY1 O!RS DEB>K1 V[+ NOT TO B[ TO ANY GOV]NM5T AU?ORITY & WAG+ W> ON ! :OLE WORLD 9/EAD4 0,FROM ?IS PO9T ONW>DS ! ONLY PIRATES W]E ?OSE :O EXPLICITLY REJECT$ ! /ATE & ITS LAWS & DECL>$ !MSELVES 9 OP5 W> AGA9/ IT10.<#i#e.> AS ! ANONYM\S AU?ORS ( 0,PIRATE ,UTOPIAS10 AN >TICLE 9 ! ,BRITI% AN>*I/ J\RNAL ,DO OR ,DIE PUT IT4 ,PAUL ,GALV9 DESCRIBES ! SITUATION ) ! FOLL[+ WORDS3 ,TRUE \TLAWS WORK+ ! FR+E ( A CLOS+ M>ITIME FRONTI]1 !SE PIRATES [$ ALLEGIANCE TO NONE BUT !MSELVES & PREY$ UPON ! %IPP+ ( ANY NATION1 :E!R ,SPANI%1 ,5GLI%1 ,FR5* OR ,DUT*4 ,CONSEQU5TLY1 UNLIKE !IR BUCCANE] =EBE>S1 !Y 5JOY$ NO CLOAK ( LEGITIMACY FROM ANY GOV]NM5T 7?\< MANY A COLONIAL GOV]NOR COLLUD$ 9 TRAFFICK+ !IR SPOILS7 & W]E !RE=E DOOM$ TO SWIFT ]ADICATION4.<#i#f.> ,ONCE MORE1 ! PIRATES V5TURE 9TO ! ,9DIAN ,OCEAN1 N[ ALSO RAID+ ALONG ! WE/ COA/ ( ,AFRICA1 :]E MANY NEW SLAV+ PO/S HAVE BE5 E/ABLI%$4 ,! R\TE BETWE5 ! ,C>IBBEAN & ! ,9DIAN ,OCEAN VIA ,WE/ ,AFRICA & ,MADAGASC> SOON BECOMES KN[N AS ! ,PIRATE ,R\ND4 ,?IS M>KS ! /RONGE/ P]IOD ( GOLD5 AGE PIRACY1 0A DECADE OR SO ( M>ITIME HOODLUMISM SET LOOSE UND] ! JAP+ C\NT5ANCE ( ! ,JOLLY ,ROG]40.<#i#g.> ,IT IS ! TIME ( ! BE/ KN[N PIRATE CAPTA9S1 ,BLACKBE>D1 ,JOHN 0,CALICO ,JACK0 ,RACKAM1 & ,B>?OLOMEW ,ROB]TS1 & ( POPUL> FIGURES LIKE ,ANNE ,BONNY & ,M>Y ,READ4 ,ACCORD+ TO ,DAVID ,CORD+LY1 PIRATE ACTIVITY REA*ES ITS PEAK >\ND #agb ) AN E/IMAT$ #a1#e TO #b1 PIRATES OP]AT+ 9 ! ,C>IBBEAN & ,NOR? ,AM]ICA4.<#i#h.> ,! HEYDAY ( PIRACY'S GOLD5 AGE DOES NOT LA/ V]Y LONG1 H[EV]4 ,ANGUS ,KON/AM1 FROM ! NON-RADICAL /RA9 ( PIRATE HI/ORIANS1 CONCLUDES SOME:AT COMPLAC5TLY3 0,! WOR/ ( !SE PIRATE EXCESSES WAS LIMIT$ TO AN EI P]IOD1 FROM #agad UNTIL #a#g#b#b1 SO ! TRUE GOLD5 AGE CANNOT EV5 BE CALL$ A 'GOLD5 DECADE4'0.<#i#i.> ,9 ! WORDS ( ,M>CUS ,R$IK]1 ) ! KILL+ ( ! P]IOD'S MO/ SUCCESSFUL PIRATE CAPTA91 ,B>?OLOMEW ,ROB]TS1 & ! SUBSEQU5T CAPTURE ( MO/ ( HIS CREW 9 #a#g#b#b1 ! GOLD5 AGE 0TURN$ CRIMSON40.<#a.> ,!SE EV5TS HAVE DRAWN SELF-SATISFI$ COMM5T>Y3 0,! COMPLETE DE/RUCTION ( ,B>?OLOMEW ,ROB]TS & HIS GANG1 MU* ! /RONGE/ PIRATE COMB9E AT SEA1 WAS A DEVA/AT+ BL[ TO ! PIRATE COMMUNITY AS A :OLE4 ,IT WAS RA!R HUMILIAT+ ?AT ! TWO WELL-GUNN$1 WELL-MANN$ PIRATE %IPS %\LD SURR5D] SO PUSILLANIM\SLY )\T A S+LE ROYAL SAILOR BE+ KILL$ 9 EI!R ACTION40.<#a#a.> #a#g#b#b-#a#g#b#f3 ,A LA/1 MORE DESP]ATE G5]ATION ( GOLD5 AGE PIRATES TRIES TO KEEP ! ,JOLLY ,ROG] ALIVE EV5 AFT] 0! W> AGA9/ ! PIRATES WAS VIRTUALLY WON40.<#a#b.> ,! TIDE1 ( C\RSE1 HAS *ANG$ & 0! YE>S #a#g#b#b-#b#f W]E A TIME :5 PIRATES F\ ,PET] ,E>LE DRAWS ! FOLL[+ PICTURE3 ,GETT+ ON = A ?\S& PIRATES HAD BE5 KILL$ OR CAPTUR$ ON !IR %IPS OR 9 ATTEMPTS TO ESCAPE A%ORE4 ,MANY HUNDR$S ( O!RS HAD BE5 P>DON$ OR HAD CREPT A%ORE 9 HAUNTS SU* AS ! ,VIRG9 ,ISL&S1 ! ,BAY ,ISL&S ( ,HONDURAS1 ! ,MOSQUITO ,COA/1 ,MADAGASC> OR ,WE/ ,AFRICA :]E MANY =M] PIRATES W]E SAID TO BE LIV+ AMONG ! NATIVES4 ,MANY HUNDR$S MORE MU/ HAVE DI$ ( ! DISEASES PREVAL5T 9 ,WE/ ,AFRICAN & ,WE/ ,9DIAN WAT]S1 = MORTALITY WAS LIKELY TO HAVE BE5 HI<] 9 ! D5SELY PACK$ & V]Y UNHYGI5IC PIRATE %IPS ?AN ?OSE ( ! ,ROYAL ,NAVY :O LO/ WELL OV] A ?\S& M5 TO DISEASE 9 ?IS CAMPAIGN4 ,SU* DE/RUCTION & DISP]SAL MEANT ?AT !RE W]E NOT MANY PIRATES LEFT AT SEA1 LESS ?AN TWO HUNDR$ ACCORD+ TO ONE E/IMATE1 MO/ ( !M 9 GANGS L$ EI!R BY ,L[E OR BY =M] CONSORTS OR SUBORD9ATES ( HIS1 SU* AS ,SPRIGGS1 ,COOP]1 ,LYNE1 & ,%IPTON4 ,!SE LA/ REMA9+ PIRATE CAPTA9S & !IR M5 W]E TO BE HUNT$ REMORSELESSLY BY ! NAVY1 BUT !Y W]E TO PROVE AMAZ+LY ELUSIVE4.<#a#d.> ,! COMPOSITION ( ! PIRATE CREWS *ANGES AS WELL4 ,) MANY =M] BUCCANE]S & PRIVATE]S RETIR$ OR KILL$1 ! MAJORITY ( PIRATE CREW MEMB]S N[ COMES FROM CAPTUR$ M]*ANT VESSELS1 ) A FAIR NUMB] ( SAILORS HAV+ BE5 =C$ TO JO94.<#a#e.> ,?IS LEADS BO? TO A DIS9TEGRATION ( ! 0PIRATE BRO!RHOOD10 & TO NEW 9CREAS+LY VIOL5T TACTICS4 ,CAPTA9 ,WILLIAM ,FLY IS ! LA/ NOTABLE PIRATE CAPTA9 HANG$ 9 ! ,AM]ICAS4 ,HE DIES ON ! GALL[S 9 ,BO/ON 9 #a#g#b#f4 ,FR5*MAN ,OLIVI] ,LA ,BUSE MEETS ! SAME FATE 9 ! ,9DIAN ,OCEAN ON ! ,FR5* ISL& ( ,B\RBON 7TODAY ,REUNION7 9 #a#g#c4 ,HIS DEA? EFFECTIVELY 5DS ! GOLD5 AGE ( PIRACY1 ITS PROTAGONI/S N[ 0HUNT$ D[N &1 IT MAY BE SAID1 EXT]M9AT$40.<#a#f.> ,! MO/ TANGIBLE EXPRESSION ( ?IS EXT]M9ATION >E NUM]\S MASS HANG+S ( PIRATES4 ,9 #a#g#a#h1 ?IRTY-ONE MEMB]S ( ,/$E ,BONNET'S CREW >E HANG$ 9 ,*>LE/ON1 ,S\? ,C>OL9A4 ,9 ,MAY #a#g#b#b1 =TY-ONE MEMB]S ( ,MAT!W ,LUKE'S CREW >E HANG$ 9 ,JAMAICA4 ,9 ! SAME YE>1 FIFTY-TWO MEMB]S ( ,B>?OLOMEW ,ROB]TS' CREW >E HANG$ 9 ,WE/ ,AFRICA4 ,9 ,JULY #a#g#b#c1 TW5TY- SIX MEMB]S ( ,CAPTA9 ,*>LES ,H>RIS' CREW >E HANG$ AT ,NEWPORT ,H>BOR4 ,ALL 9 ALL1 0NO FEW] ?AN #d1 & PROBABLY #e-#f ,ANGLO-,AM]ICAN PIRATES W]E EXECUT$ BETWE5 #agaf & #a#g#b#f40.<#a#g.> ,?IS CONTRIBUTES SIGNIFICANTLY TO ! DECL9E ( PIRATE NUMB]S OV]ALL3 0,FROM ! PEAK ( #b1 PIRATES 9 #a#g#b1 ! NUMB]S DROPP$ TO >\ND #a1 9 #agbc & BY #agbf !RE W]E NO MORE ?AN #b4 ,! 9CID5CE ( PIRATE ATTACKS DECL9$ FROM =TY TO FIFTY 9 #agah D[N TO HALF A DOZ5 9 #a#g#b#f40.<#a#h.> ,PET] ,E>LE SUMS UP ! SITUATION DRYLY3 ,& SO AT LA/ ! GOLD5 AGE ( PIRACY CAME TO AN 5D4 ,! FRE$OM- & DR9K-LOV+ PIRATES HAD !IR MOM5T ( FAME1 BUT 9 ! LONG RUN ! NAVY1 ! LAW1 & ! SELF-DE/RUCTIVE NATURE ( ! PIRATES !MSELVES 5SUR$ ?AT PIRACY WAS NOT AN OCCUPATION ) V]Y LONG LIFE EXPECTANCY4 ,( ! FIFTY-FIVE PIRATE CAPTA9S ( ?IS P]IOD :OSE FATE HAS BE5 DET]M9$--AB\T TWO-?IRDS ( ! TOTAL NUMB]-- TWELVE SURR5D]$ & LIV$ \T !IR LIVES 9 V>Y+ DEGREES ( COM=T OR DE/ITUTION1 ONE RETIR$ 9 POV]TY TO ,MADAGASC>1 SIX W]E KILL$ 9 ACTION1 F\R DR[N$ 9 %IPWRECKS1 F\R W]E %OT BY !IR [N M51 ONE %OT HIMSELF & ONE WAS SET ADRIFT BY HIS M5 9 AN OP5 BOAT1 & NEV] HE>D ( AGA94 ,! REMA9+ TW5TY-SIX W]E HANG$1 (T5 UND] !IR [N BLACK FLAGS1 BY ! ,FR5*1 ,DUT*1 ,PORTUGUESE1 & ,SPANI>DS AS WELL AS BY ! ,BRITI%1 9 ,AFRICA & ,ANTIGUA1 ,BO/ON1 ! ,BAHAMAS & ,BRAZIL1 ,C>OL9A1 ,CURACAO & ,CUBA1 ,LONDON1 ,M>T9IQUE1 ,RHODE ,ISL& & ! ISL& ( ,B\RBON 9 ! ,9DIAN ,OCEAN :]E ,OLIVI] ,LA ,BUSE1 ! LA/ PIRATE ( ! GOLD5 AGE TO BE CAPTUR$1 WAS HANG$ ON ! BEA* 9 ,JULY #agc 'BE=E A *E]+ CR[D4'.<#a#i.> ,LA ,BUSE MILE MIS4 ,HIS /ORY IS CRUCIAL = ANALYZ+ ! >BITR>Y LEGAL BORD]S BETWE5 PRIVATE]+ & PIRAT+1 YET ,I DO NOT CONSID] IT ( P>TICUL> CONC]N = ! QUE/IONS DISCUSS$ 9 ?IS BOOK4 ,= EV]YONE 9T]E/$ 9 ,KIDD'S HI/ORY1 ,ROB]T ,C4 ,RIT*IE'S ,CAPTA9 ,KIDD & ! ,W> AGA9/ ! ,PIRATES COMES HIE ?OSE ( ,JOHN 0,CALICO ,JACK0 ,RACKAM--:O MA9LY ROSE TO FAME AS ,ANNE ,BONNY'S LOV]--& ( ! UNCONV5TIONAL 0G5TLEMAN PIRATE0 ,/$E ,BONNET4 ,AGA91 DESPITE ! UND5IABLE 5T]TA9M5T VALUE ( !IR BIOGRAPHIES1 !IR EXPLOITS WILL NOT PLAY A SIGNIFICANT ROLE 9 ! FOLL[+ *APT]S4 ,! FOCUS ON PIRATE CAPTA9S--I4E4 ON 9DIVIDUAL 0BIG M50 RA!R ?AN PIRATE COMMUNITIES--MAY APPE> IRONIC 9 A RADICAL CONTEXT ?AT LIKES TO /RESS ! EGALIT>IAN & DEMOCRATIC *>ACT] ( GOLD5 AGE PIRATE COMMUNITIES4 ,AT ! SAME TIME1 ! HI/ORICAL S\RCES PAY SO MU* ATT5TION TO PIRATE CAPTA9S ?AT IT IS H>D NOT TO EMPLOY !M AS A USEFUL FRAME ( REF]5CE4 ,?IS1 H[EV]1 %\LD NOT LEAD TO A FALSE IMPRESSION CONC]N+ ! PRIM>Y PROTAGONI/S3 !Y REMA9 DECID$LY ! COMMON PIRATE SAILORS4 ,?OMAS ,TEW3 ,EMB>K$ ON A PRIVATE]+ MISSION AGA9/ ! ,FR5* FROM ,RHODE ,ISL& 9 #a#f#i#b4 ,SOON CONV9C$ HIS CREW TO SAIL TO ! ,9DIAN ,OCEAN ON !IR [N ACC\NT 9/EAD4 ,A HUGE ,9DIAN PRIZE WAS TAK5 !RE 9 #afic & ! SAILORS CAME BACK TO ,AM]ICA AS RI* M54 ,TEW EMB>K$ ON ANO!R J\RNEY A C\PLE ( YE>S LAT]1 BUT ?IS TIME HE WAS MET ) A GRISLY FATE AFT] ATTACK+ A %IP BELONG+ TO ! ,GREAT ,MOGUL4 ,9 ! GRAPHIC DESCRIPTION ( ,CAPTA9 ,JOHNSON1 0A %OT C>RI$ AWAY ! RIM ( ,TEW'S BELLY1 :O HELD HIS B[ELS ) HIS H&S SOME SMALL SPACE . HE DROPP$40.<#a#a.> ,H5RY ,EV]Y 7,AV]Y73 ,AFT] LACK ( PAYM5T1 ,EV]Y L$ A MUT9Y AMONG ,5GLI% PRIVATE]S 9 ! ,SPANI% S]VICE 9 #afid & SAIL$ = ! ,9DIAN ,OCEAN4 ,A YE> LAT] HE TOOK AN 5ORM\S PRIZE 9 ! ,R$ ,SEA1 ! M]*ANT %IP ,GANJ-I-SAWAI4 ,! ,GANJ-I-SAWAI BELONG$ TO ! ,GREAT ,MOGUL1 & GIV5 ! GOOD RELATIONS BETWE5 ! ,MOGUL & ! ,5GLI%1 AS WELL AS ,5GL&'S 9VE/M5T 9 ,9DIAN TRADE1 ! ATTACK UND]M9$ ,5GLI% 9T]E/S & WAS H5CE PIVOTAL = ! HI/ORY ( GOLD5 AGE PIRACY4 ,EV]Y ESCAP$ CAPTURE & PUNI%M5T & ROSE 9TO LEG5D1 IMAG9$ TO BE LIV+ 9 LUXURY ON ,MADAGASC>4 ,NOVELS & PLAYS W]E D$ICAT$ TO HIS NAME4 ,9 REALITY1 HE DI$ A PAUP] 9 ,5GL& AFT] BE+ *EAT$ BY ,BRI/OL M]*ANTS1 :I* 9 ,PHILIP ,GOSSE'S V]SION ( ! /ORY MADE HIM REALIZE 0?AT !RE W]E PIRATES ON L& AS WELL AS AT SEA40.<#a#a#a.> ,EMANUEL ,WYNN3 ,FR5* PIRATE CAPTA9 :O FLEW ! FIR/ DOCUM5T$ ,JOLLY ,ROG]1 ! BLACK PIRATE FLAG1 :ILE *AS$ BY AN ,5GLI% NAVY %IP (F ! ,CAPE ,V]DE ,ISL&S 9 #a#g4 ,CAPTA9 ,MISSON3 ,AN ALMO/ C]TA9LY FICTIONAL ,FR5* CAPTA9 :O F\ND$ A UTOPIAN COMMUNITY BY ! NAME ( ,LIB]TALIA 9 ,MADAGASC>1 SOON DE/ROY$ BY ,MADAGASCAN NATIVES4 ,SAMUEL ,BELLAMY3 ,ACCORD+ TO ,GOSSE1 A 0PIRATE1 SOCIALI/1 ORATOR40.<#a#a#b.> ,CAPTA9 ,JOHNSON CONTRIBUTES SOME ( ! POLITICALLY MO/ CONSCI\S QUOTES ( ALL GOLD5 AGE PIRATE CAPTA9S TO ,BELLAMY 9 ! SECOND VOLUME ( ,A ,G5]AL ,HI/ORY4 ,$W>D ,TEA* A4K4A4 ,BLACKBE>D3 ,POSSIBLY ! MO/ LEG5D>Y ( ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATE CAPTA9S4 ,ACCORD+ TO ,$W>D ,LUCIE-,SMI? 0FULL ( /RANGE FREAKS10.<#a#a#c.> & FAM\SLY DESCRIB$ BY ,JOHNSON3 .<,HIS.> BE>D WAS BLACK1 :I* HE SUFF]$ TO GR[ ( AN EXTRAVAGANT L5G?2 AS TO BREAD?1 IT CAME UP TO HIS EYES4 ,HE WAS ACCU/OM$ TO TWI/ IT ) RIBBONS1 9 SMALL TAILS444 & TURN !M AB\T ! E>S4 ,9 TIME ( ACTION HE WORE A SL+ OV] HIS %\LD]S1 ) ?REE BRACE ( PI/OLS1 HANG+ 9 HOL/]S1 LIKE B&OLE]S2 & /UCK LI+ ON EA* SIDE ( HIS FACE1 HIS EYES NATURALLY LOOK+ FI]CE & WILD1 MADE HIM ALTOGE!R SU* A FIGURE ?AT IMAG9ATION CANNOT =M AN IDEA ( A FURY FROM HELL TO LOOK MORE FRI ,KILL$ 9 BATTLE AGA9/ NAVY =CES ALONG ! ,NOR? ,C>OL9A COA/ 9 #a#g#a#h4 ,*>LES ,VANE3 ,FAM\S PIRATE CAPTA9 DUR+ ! ,NEW ,PROVID5CE HEYDAY4 ,DEFIANTLY LEFT ! ISL& ONE MORN+ AFT] ! >RIVAL ( ! NEW GOV]NOR ,WOODES ,ROG]S BY SLIPP+ \T ( ! H>BOR :ILE FIR+ AT ,ROG]S' %IP4 ,HANG$ 9 ,JAMAICA 9 #a#g#b#a4 ,B>?OLOMEW ,ROB]TS3 ,?\< NOT AS S5SATIONAL AS ,BLACKBE>D1 CLE>LY ! MO/ SUCCESSFUL ( ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES4 ,ELECT$ CAPTA9 ( A PIRATE CREW ONLY A FEW WEEKS AFT] HE WAS CONSCRIPT$ FROM A TAK5 SLAVE %IP1 ,ROB]TS L$ HIS CREW = F\R YE>S 7AN EXCEPTIONALLY LONG TIME = A PIRATE CAPTA9 DUR+ ! GOLD5 AGE7 & TOOK REPUT$LY OV] #d PRIZES4 ,HIS DEA? 9 #agbb & ! SUBSEQU5T DEFEAT & IMPRISONM5T ( ALMO/ ALL ( HIS CREW 7FIFTY-TWO ( :OM W]E EXECUT$7 IS CONSID]$ A DECISIVE MOM5T 9 ! DEMISE ( GOLD5 AGE PIRACY4 ,$W>D ,L[3 ,POSSIBLY ! BE/ KN[N CAPTA9 ( ! GOLD5 AGE'S F9AL PHASE1 GA9+ A REPUTATION = P>TICUL> CRUELTY4 ,ACTIVE 9 ! ,C>IBBEAN1 ALONG ! ,NOR? ,AM]ICAN COA/ & >\ND ! ,AZORES 9 #a#g#b#b_/#b#c1 HE SUDD5LY VANI%$1 HIS FATE REMA9+ UNRESOLV$ TO ?IS DAY4 ,ACCORD+ TO ,CAPTA9 ,JOHNSON1 0! BE/ 9=MATION WE C\LD RECEIVE1 W\LD BE1 ?AT HE & ALL HIS CREW W]E AT ! BOTTOM ( ! SEA40.<#a#a#e.> ,NA?ANIEL ,NOR?3 ,B]MUDA-BORN1 WELL-$UCAT$1 UNCONV5TIONAL PIRATE :O SAIL$ TO ,MADAGASC> >\ND #agb & SP5T ! LA/ YE>S ( HIS LIFE AMONG A COMMUNITY ( ,EUROPEANS APP>5TLY DEEPLY 5TR5*$ 9 LOCAL POLITICS4 ,EV5TUALLY KILL$ BY ,MADAGASCAN NATIVES 9 HIS SLEEP4 ,*RI/OPH] ,COND5T3 ,5GLI% PIRATE CAPTA9 :OSE CREW TOOK A HUGE PRIZE 9 ! ,9DIAN ,OCEAN 9 #a#g#b4 ,P>DON$ BY ! ,FR5* COLONIAL AU?ORITIES (F ! ISL& ( ,B\RBON 7,REUNION71 ,COND5T LAT] BECAME A WEAL?Y M]*ANT 9 ,SA9T-,MALO4 ,JOHN ,TAYLOR3 ,TOOK ONE ( ! BIGGE/ PRIZES 9 PIRATE HI/ORY FROM ! RI*LY LAD5 & /ORM-DAMAG$ ,PORTUGUESE M]*ANT %IP ,NO/RA ,S5HORA DE ,CABO (F ,B\RBON 9 #a#g#b#a4 ,RETIR$ 9TO S]VICE 9 ! ,SPANI% NAVY FLEET4 ,OLIVI] ,LA ,BUSE3 ,TAYLOR'S P>TN] 9 ! C\P AT ,B\RBON2 REMA9$ AT L>GE 9 ! ,9DIAN ,OCEAN UNTIL HANG$ 9 #a#g#c4 #b4 0,5EMY ( ,HIS ,[N ,CIVILIZATION0 ,AN ,E?NOGRAPHY ( ,GOLD5 ,AGE ,PIRACY ,!RE SEEMS TO BE WIDE AGREEM5T AMONG S*OL>S ?AT ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATE COMMUNITY CON/ITUT$ A SPECIAL--& POSSIBLY UNIQUE--CULTURAL PH5OM5ON4 ,/EPH5 ,SNELD]S SPEAKS ( 0PIRATE CU/OMS10.<#a#a#f.> 0A %>$ PIRATE CULTURE10.<#a#a#g.> 0AN ALT]NATIVE SOCIETY ) ALT]NATIVE RULES10.<#a#a#h.> & EV5 ( 0AN UNBROK5 SOCIAL TRADITION ( PIRACY ) CLE> =MS ( ORGANIZATION1 A REP]TOIRE ( BEHAVIOR1 & A DEVELOP$ CODE ( E?ICS40.<#a#a#i.> ,HE CONCLUDES ?AT 0! PIRATES W]E CLE>LY V]Y CONSCI\S ( !IR TRADITIONS1 AS IS %[N BY !IR ADAPTATION ( COMMON SYMBOLIC =MS & !IR REG>D = ELD] REPRES5TATIVES ( !IR K9D40.<#a#b.> ,! AU?ORS ( 0,PIRATE ,UTOPIAS0 ID5TIFY 0A SPECIFICALLY 'PIRATE CONSCI\SNESS1'0 A 0'PIRATE IDEOLOGY1'0 0A WORLD ( !IR [N MAK+10 & 0ONE COMMUNITY1 ) A COMMON SET ( CU/OMS %>$ ACROSS ! V>I\S %IPS40.<#a#b#a.> ,G]MAN S*OL> ,HE9] ,TRE95 SPEAKS ( ! PIRATES' 0[N WORLD10.<#a#b#b.> HIS COMPATRIOT ,RUDIG] ,HAUDE ( A 0COMMON PIRATE CULTURE10.<#a#b#c.> & ,FRANK ,%]RY ( AN 0ORIG9AL & LURID /YLE ( LIFE0.<#a#b#d.> AS WELL AS A 0SEP>ATE COMMUNITY 9 ! WORLD40.<#a#b#e.> ,SOME OBS]V]S /RESS ! DI/ANCE ?AT ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES PUT BETWE5 !MSELVES & !IR CULTURES ( ORIG94 ,PET] ,LAMBORN ,WILSON EV5 CALLS 0! PIRATE444FIR/ & =EMO/ ! 5EMY ( HIS [N CIVILIZATION40.<#a#b#f.> ,= ,M>CUS ,R$IK]1 TOO1 0EV]Y?+ PIRATES DID REFLECT$ !IR DEEP ALI5ATION FROM MO/ ASPECTS ( ,EUROPEAN SOCIETY40.<#a#b#g.> ,AS A CONSEQU5CE1 0PIRATES CON/RUCT$ !IR [N SOCIAL ORD] 9 DEFIANT CONTRADI/9CTION TO ! WAYS ( ! WORLD !Y HAD LEFT BEH9D10.<#a#b#h.> & CREAT$--BORR[+ ! TITLE ( A ,*RI/OPH] ,HILL BOOK--A 0WORLD TURN$ UPSIDE D[N0.<#a#b#i.> ) 0COMMON SYMBOLS & /&>DS ( CONDUCT10.<#a#c.> SET 0AP>T FROM ! DICTATES ( M]CANTILE & IMP]IAL AU?ORITY40.<#a#c#a.> ,! FACT ?AT BUCCANE]S ALLEG$LY %$ !IR ,*RI/IAN NAMES BY JO9+ ! BUCCANE] COMMUNITIES W\LD ONLY CONFIRM ?IS4.<#a#c#b.> ,IF ! WORLD & CULTURE ( ! ,C>IBBEAN BUCCANE]S & PIRATES WAS 9DE$ SO DI/9CT1 IT MIT$ T]RA94 ,H[EV]1 EV5 IF LITTLE MORE CAN BE DONE ?AN TO /IMULATE DISCUSSION1 SU* AN 5DEAVOR PROMISES TO AID ! /UDY ( \R POLITICAL RELATIONS TO GOLD5 AGE PIRACY4 ,! FOLL[+ PR9CIPLES LAID \T BY ,DAVID ,GRAEB] 9 ,FRAGM5TS ( AN ,AN>*I/ ,AN?ROPOLOGY S]VE AS USEFUL GUIDEL9ES = ?IS *APT]3 ,:5 ONE C>RIES \T AN E?NOGRAPHY1 ONE OBS]VES :AT PEOPLE DO1 & !N TRIES TO TEASE \T ! HIDD5 SYMBOLIC1 MORAL1 OR PRAGMATIC LOGICS ?AT UND]LIE !IR ACTIONS2 ONE TRIES TO GET AT ! WAY PEOPLE'S HABITS & ACTIONS MAKES S5SE 9 WAYS ?AT !Y >E NOT !MSELVES COMPLETELY AW>E (4 ,ONE OBVI\S ROLE = A RADICAL 9TELLECTUAL IS TO DO PRECISELY ?AT3 TO LOOK AT ?OSE :O >E CREAT+ VIABLE ALT]NATIVES1 TRY TO FIGURE \T :AT MIG] IMPLICATIONS ( :AT !Y >E 7ALREADY7 DO+1 & !N (F] ?OSE IDEAS BACK1 NOT AS PRESCRIPTIONS1 BUT AS CONTRIBUTIONS1 POSSIBILITIES--AS GIFTS444,SU* A PROJECT W\LD ACTUALLY HAVE TO HAVE TWO ASPECTS1 OR MOM5TS IF Y\ LIKE3 ONE E?NOGRAPHIC1 ONE UTOPIAN1 SUSP5D$ 9 A CON/ANT DIALOGUE4.<#a#c#c.> #b4#a4 0,FROM ! ,SEA03 ,M>ITIME ,NOMADS ,! ASSOCIATION BETWE5 PIRATES & NOMADS APPE>S EVID5T3 AFT] ALL1 PIRATES LACK A HOME1 >E NOT SETTL$ & TAKE TO ROAM+4 ,9 ?IS S5SE1 IT SEEMS LIKELY ?AT A COMP>ATIVE /UDY ( GOLD5 AGE PIRACY & NOMADISM MAY %$ LIAUD+ SEAF>]S 9TO !IR DEF9ITION ( NOMADISM4 ,A4 ,M4 ,KHAZANOV WRITES 9 HIS SEM9AL ,NOMADS & ,! ,\TSIDE ,WORLD3 ,9 MY VIEW444 ! T]M 'NOMADS' IS NOT APPLICABLE TO O!R MOBILE GR\PS1 :E!R E?NIC-PR(ESSIONAL GR\PS SU* AS GYPSIES1 OR ! SO-CALL$ 'M>ITIME NOMADS' ( ,S\!A/ ,ASIA1 OR %IF+ HORTICULTURALI/S1 OR C]TA9 GR\PS ( WORK]S 9 CONTEMPOR>Y 9DU/RIAL SOCIETIES 7SO-CALL$ 9DU/RIAL MOBILITY74 ,CONSEQU5TLY1 HUNT]S & GA!R]S :O DO NOT LEAD A S$5T>Y WAY ( LIFE >E BE/ DESCRIB$ BY ! T]M 'W&]+'444 & MOBILE EXT5SIVE PA/ORALI/S BY ! T]M 'NOMADIC4'.<#a#c#d.> ,KHAZANOV CONC$ES1 H[EV]1 ?AT 0SOME S*OL>S HAVE DEF9$ NOMADS AS ALL ?OSE LEAD+ A MOBILE WAY ( LIFE 9DEP5D5T ( ITS ECONOMIC SPECIFICITY40.<#a#c#e.> ,IF WE APPLY ?IS LAT] DEF9ITION1 ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES--A FLUCTUAT+ COMMUNITY ( M>AUD+ B&S RANG+ 9 NUMB] FROM A FEW DOZ5 MEMB]S TO A MAXIMUM ( AB\T #b )\T A SECURE HOME BASE--W\LD DEF9ITELY BELONG TO ! WID] COMMUNITY ( NOMADS4 ,! CLE>E/ EXPRESSION ( ! FACT ?AT ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES !MSELVES--:O 0KNEW !MSELVES TO BE HOMELESS & CUT (F FROM !IR C\NTRIES ( ORIG90.<#a#c#f.>--UND]/OOD !IR COMMUNITY TO BE NOMADIC WAS ! COMMON PIRATE RESPONSE TO 9QUIRIES AB\T :]E !Y CAME FROM3 ,FROM ! ,SEAS4 .<#a#c#g.> ,9 FACT1 ! E>LY BUCCANE]S ( ,HISPANIOLA ALREADY REVEAL$ NOMADIC T5D5CIES4 0,ACCORD+ TO ! ,FR5* MISSION>Y ,ABBE DU ,T]TRE1 '!Y W]E )\T ANY HABITATION OR FIX$ ABODE1 BUT R5DEZV\S$ :]E ! ANIMALS W]E TO BE F\ND4'0.<#a#c#h.> ,H[ RADICALLY !SE T5D5CIES EXPRESS$ !MSELVES DUR+ ! GOLD5 AGE ( PIRACY IS BE/ DESCRIB$ BY ,DAVID ,CORD+LY3 ,AP>T FROM ! OBVI\S DESIRE TO AVOID ,NOR? ,AM]ICA 9 W9T]1 & A S5SIBLE USE ( ! TRADE W9DS :5 CROSS+ ! ,ATLANTIC1 !RE WAS NO CONSI/5CY 9 ! PLANN+ & EXECUTION ( MO/ VOYAGES4 ,9DE$1 !RE WAS V]Y LITTLE =W>D PLANN+ BY ANY ( ! PIRATE CREWS4 ,! DEMOCRATIC NATURE ( ! PIRATE COMMUNITY MEANT ?AT A VOTE MU/ BE TAK5 BY ! 5TIRE CREW BE=E ! DE/9ATION ( ! NEXT VOYAGE C\LD BE AGRE$ ON1 & ?IS 9EVITABLY L$ TO MANY DECISIONS BE+ MADE ON ! SPUR ( ! MOM5T4 ,A /UDY ( ! TRACKS ( ! PIRATE %IPS %[S MANY ZIG-ZAGG+ ALL OV] ! PLACE )\T APP>5T REASON4.<#a#c#i.> ,ONE ASPECT ( ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES' ZIG-ZAGG+ NOMADISM IS ! COMPLETE LACK ( A PRODUCTIVE ECONOMY4 ,PA/ORALI/S1 = EXAMPLE1 DEVELOP PATT]NS ( MOVEM5T ?AT GU>ANTEE GRAZ+ OPPORTUNITIES = !IR H]DS1 :ILE ! PIRATES' MOVEM5TS >E B\ND TO ! AVAILABILITY ( 0PREY40 ,9 ?IS RESPECT1 ! NOMADIC CULTURE !Y MO/ CLOSELY RESEMBLE 9 T]MS ( ECONOMICS IS ?AT ( HUNT]S & GA!R]S4 ,RAID+ M]*ANT %IPS--& ! OCCASIONAL ON%ORE COMMUNITY OR TRAD+ PO/--MI WAY ( HUNT+ & GA!R+1 ( C\RSE1 BUT A /RUCTURALLY SIMIL> ONE4 ,GOLD5 AGE PIRATES %>E ) HUNT]S & GA!R]S A 0NOMADISM REQUIR$ BY ! =AG+ ECONOMY40.<#a#d.> ,! DEP5D5CY ON PREY 9 ! =M ( ,EUROPEAN M]*ANT %IPS REVEALS ANO!R /RUCTURAL SIMIL>ITY BETWE5 GOLD5 AGE PIRATES & O!R NOMADS1 NAMELY !IR DEP5D5CY ON ! \TSIDE WORLD4 ,AS ,KHAZANOV EXPLA9S3 0,NOMADS C\LD NEV] EXI/ ON !IR [N )\T ! \TSIDE WORLD & ITS NON-NOMADIC SOCIETIES1 ) !IR DIFF]5T ECONOMIC SY/EMS4 ,9DE$1 A NOMADIC SOCIETY C\LD ONLY FUNCTION :ILE ! \TSIDE WORLD NOT ONLY EXI/$ BUT ALSO ALL[$ = ?OSE REACTIONS FROM IT444:I* 5SUR$ ?AT ! NOMADS REMA9$ NOMADS40.<#a#d#a.> ,A HI/ORIAN ( ! ,C>IBBEAN REALM CONFIRMS ?AT ?IS IS TRUE = ! BUCCANE]S AS WELL1 :O HE CALLS 0ESS5TIALLY /ATELESS P]SONS :O LIV$ COM=TABLY BY COMM]CE ) ! SETTL$ COMMUNITIES ( ,EUROPEAN COLONI/S40.<#a#d#b.> ,! /RUCTURAL SIMIL>ITIES BETWE5 GOLD5 AGE PIRATES & O!R NOMADIC SOCIETIES >E NOT ONLY RE/RICT$ TO ECONOMIC MAT]S1 H[EV]4 ,!Y >E ALSO REFLECT$ 9 ! SOCIO-POLITICAL REALM4 ,AS ,M>CUS ,R$IK] PO9TS \T1 0EGALIT>IAN =MS ( SOCIAL ORGANIZATION & SOCIAL RELATIONS HAVE BE5 COMMON-PLACE AMONG HI/ORY'S NOMADIC PEOPLES40.<#a#d#c.> ,P>TICUL>LY 9T]E/+ P>ALLELS CAN BE DRAWN TO NOMADS :O 9HABIT ! SAME NATURAL 5VIRONM5T AS ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES1 NAMELY ! SEA1 OR1 MORE SPECIFICALLY1 0AN EXT5SIVE & DIV]SIFI$ WORLD ( ISL&S40.<#a#d#d.> ,! SO-CALL$ SEA NOMADS ( ,S\!A/ ,ASIA >E EV5 KN[N TO OCCASIONALLY EMPLOY SEA ROBB]Y AS A MEANS ( 9COME4 ,AS ,DAVID ,E4 ,SOPH] EXPLA9S 9 HIS /UDY ,! ,SEA ,NOMADS3 ,?REE CONDITIONS APPE> TO GOV]N ! 9CID5CE ( PIRACY3 FIR/1 ! EXI/5CE ( PRODUCTIVE1 BUT DEF5SELESS COA/ COMMUNITIES OR ! EXI/5CE ( REGUL> SEA TRADE ALONG REGUL> R\TES2 SECOND1 A FLUID1 IF NOT QUITE NOMADIC1 WAY ( LIFE1 9 :I* TRIBAL W>F>E1 FEUDS & RAID+ >E ACCEPT$ 9/ITUTIONS--A WAY ( LIFE :I* W\LD FO/] PIRACY2 ?IRD1 SUP]IOR /RIK+ P[] & SPE$ ON ! P>T ( ! PIRATICAL =CE TOGE!R ) A DEGREE ( 9VULN]ABILITY & IMMUNITY 9 ITS [N HOME4.<#a#d#e.> ,IF BY 09 ITS [N HOME0 WE UND]/& RETREATS LIKE ,HISPANIOLA OR ,TORTUGA1 OR TEMPOR>Y %ELT]S & SAFE HAV5S1 ?IS DESCRIPTION APPLIES PRACTICALLY WORD = WORD TO ! ,C>IBBEAN BUCCANE]S & PIRATES4 ,IT IS NOT SURPRIS+ ?AT ! MY? ( ! NOMAD 7A MY? ?AT 0MAY BE EV5 OLD] ?AN ! MY? ( ! 'NOBLE SAVAGE'0.<#a#d#f.>7 E*OES ! MY? ( ! PIRATE 9 A /RIK+ FA%ION4 ,AS ,A4 ,M4 ,KHAZANOV WRITES3 ,A /]EOTYP$ VIEW ( NOMADS HAS >IS5 9 :I* !IR REAL OR IMAG9>Y FRE$OM & POLITICAL 9DEP5D5CE ALMO/ OCCUPY PRIDE ( PLACE4 ,MOREOV]1 DESPITE ITS POV]TY & O!R DRAWBACKS1 NOMADIC LIFE IS ?\ #b4#b4 0,SMOO?0 VS4 0,/RIAT$03 ,! ,QUE/ION ( ,SPACE ,IF IT IS TRUE 0?AT ! NOMADS HAVE NO HI/ORY . A GEOGRAPHY10.<#a#d#h.> !N ! QUE/ION ( SPACE DES]VES P>TICUL> ATT5TION4 ,9 ! CASE ( ,C>IBBEAN PIRACY1 ?IS SPECIFICALLY MEANS ! SEA4 ,ITS SIGNIFICANCE CAN H>DLY BE OV]RAT$4 ,ALL ( ,C>IBBEAN SOCIETY HAS ALWAYS BE5 9TR9SICALLY L9K$ TO IT3 ,! SEA L$ M5 TO ! ,WE/ ,9DIES1 & AWAY FROM !M4 ,A UNIQUE FACT AB\T ! ,C>IBBEE ISL&S WAS ?AT ALL ! 9HABITANTS--,C>IBS1 ,>AWAKS1 :ITE PLANT]S1 M]*ANTS1 & S]VANTS1 & BLACK SLAVES-- HAD >RIV$ BY SEA 9 V]Y REC5T TIMES4 ,TO !SE ISL&S1 ) !IR MOTLEY POPULATIONS1 M]*ANTS & FACTORS CAME & W5T ) SOME REGUL>ITY2 !Y BR\BADOS LAY SO F> EA/W>D ( ! ,LEEW>D ,ISL&S ?AT V]Y LITTLE EX*ANGE TOOK PLACE4 ,ALL LIFE1 EV]Y:]E1 DEP5D$ ON WOOD5 HULLS3 9 ! \TW>D PASSAGE !Y C>RI$ FOOD & SUPPLIES ( ALL K9DS1 & W9ES FROM ,MADEIRA & ! ,CAN>IES2 ON ! HOMEW>D VOYAGE !Y TOOK BACK ! ISL& /APLES & A FEW PASS5G]S4.<#a#d#i.> ,?IS MEANT IDEAL CONDITIONS = ASPIR+ PIRATES3 0,:ILE PETTY ?UGG]Y & BRIG&AGE MI-FLUNG NEW TRADES R\TES (F]$ A TEMPT+ \TLET = AN 5TIRELY DIFF]5T BRE$ ( M>AUD]1 A MOBILE & ELUSIVE ADV5TUR] :O C\LD SAIL TO ! F> 5DS ( ! E>?1 & SEEK HIS =TUNE AMID ITS MO/ LAWLESS FRONTI]S40.<#a#e.> ,9 G5]AL1 TOO1 ! SEA HAS LONG BE5 A SYMBOL ( FRE$OM1 A FREE SPACE P> EXCELL5CE4 ,RUDIG] ,HAUDE CALLS IT 0! UNLIMIT$1 UNPR$ICTABLE SPACE1 ! NEGATION ( EV]Y?+ 'NATIONAL4'0.<#a#e#a.> ,M>CUS ,R$IK] ADDS3 0',! VA/ OCEAN CANNOT BE POSSESS$4' ,IT WAS A COMMONS1 A PLACE TO BE US$ BY MANY1 9CLUD+ ! SAILOR :O D>$ TO TURN PIRATE40.<#a#e#b.> ,?IS WAS ESPECIALLY TRUE AS LONG AS ?OSE :O TRAVEL$ ! SEAS W]E DEP5D5T ON ! ELEM5TS3 0,! S\RCE ( P[] ?AT TOOK !M FROM ONE HAV5 TO ! NEXT WAS EV]Y:]E & ALWAYS AVAILABLE1 S9CE IT WAS ONLY ! W9D40.<#a#e#c.> ,9 ! T]M9OLOGY ( ,GILLES ,DELEUZE & ,FELIX ,GUAT>I1 ! SEA CON/ITUTES A SMOO? SPACE1 0P]HAPS ! PR9CIPAL AMONG SMOO? SPACES1 ! HYDRAULIC MODEL P> EXCELL5CE40.<#a#e#d.> ,AS !Y EXPLA93 0,SMOO? SPACE IS A FIELD )\T CONDUITS OR *ANNELS4 ,A FIELD1 A HET]OG5E\S SMOO? SPACE1 IS W$D$ TO A V]Y P>TICUL> TYPE ( MULTIPLICITY3 NON-METRIC1 AC5T]$1 RHIZOMATIC MULTIPLICITIES :I* OCCUPY SPACE )\T 'C\NT+' IT40.<#a#e#e.> ,9 SIMPL] WORDS1 ! SMOO? SPACE IS A SPACE = CREAT+ SELF-DET]M9$1 CREATIVE1 0FREE0 =MS ( LIFE4 ,H]E1 ! NOMADS REA* !IR FULL POT5TIAL AS RAID]S3 0,) PRACTICAL SKILL A NOMAD B& CAN /RIKE1 /EAL1 & DISAPPE> BEYOND HOPE ( PURSUIT 9 ! GREAT WA/E1 FAD+ AWAY )\T TRACE444 0.<#a#e#f.> ,! SUPPLEM5T TO ! OP5 SPACE ( ! SEA W]E ! PIRATES' COA/AL REFUGES1 ! 0MANY SMALL 9LETS1 LAGOONS & H>BORS1444 SOLIT>Y ISL&S & KEYS40.<#a#e#g.> ,IF WE /ICK TO ! T]M9OLOGY ( ,DELEUZE & ,GUAT>I1 WE MI ,ALL ( ! FAVORITE OP]ATIONAL >EAS ( ! PIRATES >E DESCRIB$ ACCORD+LY3 0! ,C>IBBEAN ISL&S PROVID$ 9NUM]ABLE HID+ PLACES1 SECRET COVES & UN*>T$ ISL&S20.<#a#e#i.> 0! ,GULF ( ,HONDURAS & ! ,MOSQUITO ,COA/ . DOTT$ ) NUM]\S SMALL ISL&S & PROTECT+ REEFS1444 CREEKS1 LAGOONS & RIV]-M\?S20.<#a#f.> 0! ,AM]ICAN COA/ FROM ,BO/ON TO ,*>LE/ON1 ,S\? ,C>OL9A1 IS A NETWORK ( RIV] E/U>IES1 BAYS1 9LETS1 & ISL&S40.<#a#f#a.> ,!SE COA/AL LABYR9?S PROVID$ ! PIRATES' NATURAL ON%ORE 5VIRONM5T4 0',AS SURELY AS SPID]S AB\ND :]E !RE >E NOOKS & CRANNIES1' WROTE ,CAPTA9 ! ,HON4 ,H5RY ,KEPPEL1 ! GREAT HUNT] ( ,ORI5TAL PIRATES 9 ! N9ETE5? C5TURY1 'SO HAVE PIRATES SPRUNG UP :]EV] !RE IS A NE/ ( ISL&S (F]+ CREEKS & %ALL[S1 HEADL&S1 ROCKS & REEFS--FACILITIES 9 %ORT = LURK+1 = SURPRISE1 = ATTACK1 = ESCAPE4 '0.<#a#f#b.> ,BETWE5 ! EXTREMES ( ! WIDE OP5 SEA & ! IMP5ETRABLE COA/AL MAZES ( REEFS1 9LETS1 & RIV]-M\?S1 ! PIRATES W]E ABLE TO ESCAPE ! WRA? ( ! LAW = SEV]AL DECADES4.<#a#f#c.> ,EV5TUALLY1 H[EV]1 ! SMOO? SPACE ( ! SEA--& ) IT ITS COA/AL B\ND>IES--BECAME 0/RIAT$10 I4E4 ORD]$1 REGULAT$1 & CONTROLL$4 ,?IS CONTRIBUT$ SIGNIFICANTLY TO ! 5D ( GOLD5 AGE PIRACY3 ,! SEA IS444( ALL SMOO? SPACES1 ! FIR/ ONE ATTEMPTS W]E MADE TO /RIATE1 TO TRANS=M 9TO A DEP5D5CY ( ! L&1 ) ITS FIX$ R\TES1 CON/ANT DIRECTIONS1 RELATIVE MOVEM5TS1 A :OLE C\NT]HYDRAULIC ( *ANNELS & CONDUITS4 ,ONE ( ! REASONS = ! HEGEMONY ( ! ,WE/ WAS ! P[]444( ITS ,/ATE APP>ATUSES TO /RIATE ! SEA BY COMB9+ TE*NOLOGIES ( ! ,NOR? & ! ,M$IT]RANEAN & BY ANNEX+ ! ,ATLANTIC4.<#a#f#d.> ,! MO/ TANGIBLE ASPECT ( ?IS ANNEXATION--OR ! /RIAT+ PROCESS-- WAS AN 9CREAS$ NAVY PRES5CE4 ,! NUMB] ( P]MAN5TLY EMPLOY$ ROYAL %IPS 9 ! ,AM]ICAS ROSE FROM TWO 9 ! #a#f#gS TO TW5TY-F\R BY #a#g1.<#a#f#e.> 0BY #a#g#b#c1 9CREAS$ SURVEILLANCE ON ! SEA R\TES BY ! ,ROYAL ,NAVY WAS SEV]ELY LIMIT+ . FRE$OM ( OP]ATIONS10.<#a#f#f.> & BY #a#g#b#d1 0! WORLD WAS BECOM+ TOO SMALL = A WANT$ PIRATE TO BE ABLE TO F9D A SAFE HID+ PLACE40.<#a#f#g.> ,?IS CO9CID$ ) SIGNIFICANT TE*NOLOGICAL 9NOVATIONS4 ,AS ,DAVID ,F4 ,M>LEY EXPLA9S3 0,/EAM1 ADVANC$ BALLI/ICS1 TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATIONS & O!R TE*NOLOGICAL 9NOVATIONS MEANT ?AT ! ADVANTAGE SWUNG DECISIVELY TO ! PR(ESSIONAL S]VICES40.<#a#f#h.> ,$W>D ,LUCIE-,SMI? /RESSES ! FIR/ 9 P>TICUL>3 0,:AT PUT AN 5D1 9 ITS CLASSIC =M1 TO A CRIME :I* HAD EXI/$ S9CE HI/ORY BEGAN1 WAS *IEFLY ! COM+ ( /EAM4 ,ME*ANICAL PROPULSION1 :I* MEANT ?AT ! M5 :O TRAVEL$ ! OCEANS W]E NO LONG] AT ! M]CY ( ! W9DS1 ALSO REMOV$ MU* ( ! DANG] !Y HAD HI!RTO FELT FROM ! MAN :O MADE ! W9D HIS ALLY1 & CA/ HIMSELF UPON ITS M]CY AS ! PRICE ( AN IRREGUL> & F]OCI\S 9DEP5D5CE40.<#a#f#i.> ,ROB]T ,C4 ,RIT*IE CONCLUDES3 ,ULTIMATELY ! BUCCANE]S' SUCCESS 9 EXP&+ !IR GEOGRAPHIC RANGE >\S$ ! =CES ( ORD] & BR\ EXCE$$ ?OSE ( ! PIRATES4 .<,?IS 5DS A TIME.> :5 ! WORLD WAS Y\NG]1 :5 IT WAS POSSIBLE = A GR\P ( M5 TO SEIZE A %IP & SAIL TO ! 5D ( ! WORLD SEEK+ !IR =TUNE1 :ILE LIV+ 9 A CONS5SUAL SOCIETY FREE ( ! CON/RA9TS ?AT DOM9AT$ !IR LIVES AT HOME4.<#a#g.> #b4#c4 ,PIRATE ,CAPTA9S & ,9DIAN ,*IEFS3 ,REMEMB]+ ,PI]RE ,CLA/RES ,! FACT ?AT MANY ( ! HI/ORICAL ACC\NTS & POPUL> IMAGES ( PIRACY FOCUS ON PIRATE CAPTA9S (T5 LEADS TO NOTIONS ( M5 ) HUGE P[] & 9FLU5CE--SOME?+ !Y MI 9 HIS ESSAY 0,EX*ANGE & ,P[]3 ,PHILOSOPHY ( ! ,9DIAN ,*IEFA9%IP40.<#a#g#b.> ,CLA/RES REA*$ ! CONTROV]SIAL CONCLUSION ?AT 0! MO/ NOTABLE *>ACT]I/IC ( ! ,9DIAN *IEF CONSI/S ( HIS ALMO/ COMPLETE LACK ( AU?ORITY40.<#a#g#c.> ,HE /RESSES 9 P>TICUL> ! FOLL[+ ASPECTS3 #a4 ,! *IEF IS ELECT$ & REPLACEABLE4 #b4 ,HIS P[] RE/S ON M]IT ONLY4 #c4 ,HIS P[] IS CONTROLL$ BY ! COMMUNITY4 #d4 ,HE IS A PEACEMAK]4 #e4 ,HE IS G5]\S ) HIS POSSESSIONS4 #f4 ,HE IS A GOOD ORATOR4 #g4 ,HE IS AN ABLE LEAD] 9 W>4 ,?IS REVEALS />TL+ P>ALLELS TO ! ROLE ( ! PIRATE CAPTA94 ,! *IEF IS ELECT$ & REPLACEABLE3 ,!RE IS PL5TY ( EVID5CE ?AT ?IS WAS TRUE = PIRATE CAPTA9S4 ,EV5 NON-RADICAL PIRATE HI/ORIANS CONC$E ?AT 0!RE WAS AN ADMIRABLE TRADITION ( DEMOCRACY ?AT 5ABL$ CREWS TO VOTE !IR CAPTA9S 9 & \T ( (FICE40.<#a#g#d.> ,CAPTA9 ,JOHNSON'S ,A ,G5]AL ,HI/ORY ( ! ,PIRATES CONTA9S SEV]AL PASSAGES ?AT DESCRIBE ! ELECTION ( NEW PIRATE CAPTA9S1 MAYBE MO/ NOTABLY ?AT ( ,B>?OLOMEW ,ROB]TS4.<#a#g#e.> ,PHILIP ,GOSSE CLAIMS ?AT 0IT IS ON RECORD ?AT ONE %IP HAD ELECT$ ?IRTE5 DIFF]5T COMM&]S 9 A FEW MON?S40.<#a#g#f.> ,! ELECTION--OR DISMISSAL--( CAPTA9S WAS ALREADY PRACTIC$ AMONG BUCCANE] CREWS4 ,BASIL ,R+ROSE PROVIDES A CR$IBLE FIR/-H& ACC\NT ( ! WAY 9 :I* ,CAPTA9 ,B>?OLOMEW ,%>P1 DEEM$ 9EPT BY MANY ( HIS CREW1 IS REPLAC$ BY ,JOHN ,WATL+3 ,ON ,TURSDAY1 ,JANU>Y #f?1 \R DIFF]5CES BE+ N[ GR[N TO A GREAT HEIP1 :OM !Y PROTE/$ !Y W\LD OBEY NO LONG]4 ,!Y *OSE !RE( ONE ( \R COMPANY1 :OSE NAME WAS ,JOHN ,WATL+1 TO COMM& 9 *IEF1 HE HAV+ BE5 AN OLD PRIVATE]1 & GA9$ ! E/EEM ( BE+ A /\T SEAMAN4 ,! ELECTION BE+ MADE1 ALL ! RE/ W]E =C$ TO GIVE !IR ASS5T TO IT1 & ,CAPTA9 ,%>P GAVE OV] HIS COMM&1 :]EUPON !Y IMM$IATELY MADE >TICLES ) ,WATL+1 & SIGN$ !M4.<#a#g#g.> ,HIS P[] RE/S ON M]IT ONLY3 ,FRANK ,%]RY NOTES ?AT 0= ! MO/ P>T PIRATES *OSE !IR CAPTA9S ON ! BASIS ( M]IT4 ,BECAUSE ( ! DANG]S 9H]5T 9 !IR CALL+1 !Y C\LD NOT AF=D TO APPLY ANY CRIT]ION O!R ?AN ABILITY TO ! SELECTION ( !IR LEAD]S40.<#a#g#h.> ,HIS P[] IS CONTROLL$ BY ! COMMUNITY3 ,/EPH5 ,SNELD]S WRITES ?AT 0REG>DLESS ( H[ PI/OL-PRO(1 BOLD1 T]RIFY+1 OR BELOV$ A PIRATE CAPTA9 MI*Y & AU?ORIT>IANISM W]E CON/ANTLY QUE/ION$ BY ! ,BRE?R54 ,!IR TRANSMITT$ CU/OMS & ! FLEET+ & EVANESC5T *>ACT] ( !IR LIVES SEV]ELY LIMIT$1 & 9 ! 5D NULLIFI$1 ANY ATTEMPT BY AU?ORITY TO ASS]T ITSELF40.<#a#g#i.> ,?IS S\NDS V]Y MU* LIKE ! 0DIFFUSE1 COLLECTIVE ME*ANISMS0 ?AT--ACCORD+ TO ,DELEUZE & ,GUAT>I :O 9CLUD$ A 0,HOMAGE TO ,PI]RE ,CLA/RES0 9 !IR BOOK ,A ,?\S& ,PLATEAUS --0PREV5T A *IEF FROM BECOM+444 A MAN ( ,/ATE40.<#a#h.> ,HE IS A PEACEMAK]3 ,SEV]AL PASSAGES 9 ,CAPTA9 ,JOHNSON'S ,HI/ORY ( ! ,PIRATES E*O ?IS RESPONSIBILITY4 ,9 ,JOHNSON'S ACC\NT ( ,CAPTA9 ,NOR?1 = EXAMPLE1 ! CAPTA9'S PEACEMAK+ ABILITIES >E EV5 EXT5D$ TO ! ,MADAGASCAN NATIVES3 0,NOR? DECID+ !IR DISPUTES NOT SELDOM1 ) ?AT IMP>TIALITY & /RICT REG>D TO DI/RIBUTIVE JU/ICE 7= HE WAS ALL[$ BY ALL1 A MAN ( ADMIRABLE GOOD NATURAL P>TS7 ?AT HE EV] S5T AWAY EV5 ! P>TY :O WAS CA/1 SATISFI$ ) ! REASON & CONT5T ) ! EQUITY ( HIS DECISIONS40.<#a#h#a.> ,COMP>E ?IS DESCRIPTION TO ! ONE BY ,CLA/RES3 ,! *IEF IS RESPONSIBLE = MA9TA9+ PEACE & H>MONY 9 ! GR\P4 ,HE MU/ APPEASE QU>RELS & SETTLE DISPUTES--NOT BY EMPLOY+ A =CE HE DOES NOT POSSESS & :I* W\LD NOT BE ACKN[L$G$ 9 ANY CASE1 BUT BY RELY+ SOLELY ON ! /R5G? ( HIS PRE/IGE1 HIS FAIRNESS1 & HIS V]BAL ABILITY4 ,MORE ?AN A JUDGE :O PASSES S5T5CE1 HE IS AN >BIT] :O SEEKS TO RECONCILE4.<#a#h#b.> ,HE IS G5]\S ) HIS POSSESSIONS3 ,! PIRATE CAPTA9 WAS (T5 GRANT$ A L>G] P>T ( ! BOOTY ?AN ORD9>Y CREW MEMB]S4 ,H[EV]1 ?IS DID NOT NECESS>ILY HELP HIM AMASS GREAT] RI*ES4 ,9 FACT1 DUE TO POSSESS+ MORE1 HE WAS ALSO EXPECT$ TO GIVE & %>E MORE4 ,CAPTA9 ,JOHNSON ILLU/RATES ?IS 9 CONNECTION ) ,B>?OLOMEW ,ROB]TS1 >GUABLY ONE ( ! PIRATE CAPTA9S :O EX]T$ A MORE ?AN AV]AGE AM\NT ( AU?ORITY OV] HIS CREW3 0,!Y SEP>ATE = HIS USE ! GREAT CAB91 & SOMETIMES VOTE HIM SMALL P>CELS ( PLATE & *9A 7= IT MAY BE NOT$ ?AT ,ROB]TS DRANK HIS TEA CON/ANTLY7 BUT !N EV]Y MAN1 AS ! HUMOR TAKES HIM1 SEIZE A P>T ( HIS VICTUALS & DR9K1 IF !Y LIKE IT1 )\T HIS (F]+ TO F9D FAULT OR CONTE/ IT40.<#a#h#c.> ,IT WAS ! CAPTA9'S RESPONSIBILITY TO /ORE WEAL? = TIMES ( NE$4 ,SOME AN?ROPOLOGI/S HAVE ID5TIFI$ ?IS AS AN ALMO/ UNIV]SAL FEATURE AMONG ELECT$ LEAD]S ( SO-CALL$ PRIMITIVE SOCIETIES4 ,M>%ALL ,SAHL9S CONT5DS ?AT 0BIG-M5 & *IEFS >E COMPELL$ TO RELIEVE %ORTAGES AMONG ! PEOPLE10.<#a#h#d.> & ,BORIS ,MAL9[SKI GOES AS F> AS SAY+ ?AT 0! *IEF1 EV]Y:]E1 ACTS AS A TRIBAL BANK]1 COLLECT+ FOOD1 /OR+ IT1 & PROTECT+ IT1 & !N US+ IT = ! B5EFIT ( ! :OLE COMMUNITY40.<#a#h#e.> ,ACCORD+ TO ,PI]RE ,CLA/RES1 0?IS OBLIGATION TO GIVE1 TO :I* ! *IEF IS B\ND1 IS EXP]I5C$ BY ! ,9DIANS AS A K9D ( RI ,HE IS A GOOD ORATOR3 ,EV5 IF ! SIGNIFICANCE ( ORATORY WAS PROBABLY MU* LESS PRON\NC$ 9 PIRATE ?AN 9 ,9DIAN COMMUNITIES 7,CLA/RES SUGGE/S ?AT ,9DIAN *IEFS 0GRATIFY ! PEOPLE ( HIS GR\P ) AN $IFY+ DISC\RSE444EV]Y DAY1 EI!R AT DAWN OR SUNSET0.<#a#h#g.>--SOME?+ H>DLY IMAG9ABLE = PIRATE CAPTA9S71 ,JOHNSON'S ,G5]AL ,HI/ORY KN[S MANY CAPTA9S :O EXCEL 9 ! >T ( ORATORY1 MO/ NOTABLY ,SAUL ,BELLAMY4 ,HE IS AN ABLE LEAD] 9 W>3 ,9 ONE ( ! MO/ REGUL>LY CIT$ PASSAGES ( ! ,G5]AL ,HI/ORY1 ,CAPTA9 ,JOHNSON WRITES ?AT DUR+ MILIT>Y 5GAGEM5TS1 ! PIRATE CAPTA9'S P[] 0IS ABSOLUTE & UNCONTROLLABLE1 BY !IR [N LAWS1 VIZ41 9 FI ,?IS E*OES ! FOLL[+ DESCRIPTION BY ,CLA/RES3 0,DUR+ MILIT>Y EXP$ITIONS ! W> *IEF COMM&S A SUB/ANTIAL AM\NT ( P[]--AT TIMES ABSOLUTE--OV] ! GR\P ( W>RIORS4444,BUT ! CONJUNCTION ( P[] & CO]CION 5DS AS SOON AS ! GR\P RETURNS TO ITS NORMAL 9T]NAL LIFE40.<#a#h#i.> ,9 LI ,:ILE ,CLA/RES DECL>ES ! ,9DIAN *IEF TO BE 0A K9D ( PRISON] 9 A SPACE :I* ! TRIBE DOES NOT LET HIM LEAVE10.<#a#i#a.> ,CAPTA9 ,JOHNSON \TL9ES ! RELATION%IP BETWE5 ! PIRATE CREWS & !IR CAPTA9S ) ! FAM\S WORDS3 0,!Y ONLY P]MIT HIM TO BE CAPTA9 ON ! CONDITION ?AT !Y MAY BE CAPTA9 OV] HIM40.<#a#i#b.> ,& :ILE ,CLA/RES CALLS ! ,9DIAN *IEF 0! EFFECTIVE 9/RUM5T ( HIS SOCIETY10.<#a#i#c.> ,R$IK] CALLS ! PIRATE CAPTA9 0! CREATURE ( HIS CREW40.<#a#i#d.> ,LIKE ,CLA/RES 9 HIS ANALYSIS1 PIRATE HI/ORIANS DESCRIBE 0A *IEFTA9%IP )\T AU?ORITY0.<#a#i#e.> 9 :I* ! *IEF 0HAS NO 9/ITUT$ WEAPON O!R ?AN HIS PRE/IGE1 NO O!R MEANS ( P]SUASION1 NO O!R RULE ?AN HIS S5SE ( ! GR\P'S DESIRES0 & IS 0MORE LIKE A LEAD] OR A /> ?AN A MAN ( P[]444 ALWAYS 9 DANG] ( BE+ DISAV[$1 AB&ON$ BY HIS PEOPLE40.<#a#i#f.> ,! P>ALLELS REA* EV5 FUR!R1.<#a#i#g.> TO ! PO9T :]E ! ANALYSIS ( ,9DIAN *IEFDOM IMPLIES SOCIAL ME*ANISMS AGA9/ /ATE =MATION4 ,?IS IS ( SIGNIFICANT IMPORTANCE = ! POLITICAL 9VE/IGATION ( GOLD5 AGE PIRATE COMMUNITIES4 ,IT IS WOR? QUOT+ ,CLA/RES ONCE MORE AT L5G?3 ,H5CE !RE IS NO K+ 9 ! TRIBE1 BUT A *IEF :O IS NOT A *IEF ( ,/ATE4 ,:AT DOES ?AT IMPLY8 ,SIMPLY ?AT ! *IEF HAS NO AU?ORITY AT HIS DISPOSAL1 NO P[] ( CO]CION1 NO MEANS ( GIV+ AN ORD]4 ,! *IEF IS NOT A COMM&]2 ! PEOPLE ( ! TRIBE >E UND] NO OBLIGATION TO OBEY4 ,! SPACE ( ! *IEFTA9%IP IS NOT ! LOCUS ( P[]1 & ! 'PR(ILE' ( ! PRIMITIVE *IEF 9 NO WAY =E%AD[S ?AT ( A FUTURE DESPOT4 ,!RE IS NO?+ AB\T ! *IEFTA9%IP ?AT SUGGE/S ! ,/ATE APP>ATUS D]IV$ FROM IT4.<#a#i#h.> ,! BIGGE/ DANG] 9 ! DEP5D5CY ( ! *IEF'S P[] ON HIS W>R+ ABILITIES LIES 9 HIS DESIRE = W> AS A WAY TO CONSOLIDATE HIS P[]4 ,9 ,CLA/RES' WORDS1 0IT OCCASIONALLY HAPP5S ?AT A *IEF TRIES TO PLAY ! *IEF3 .<#a#i#i.> ,OCCASIONALLY A *IEF444 ATTEMPTS TO PUT HIS P]SONAL 9T]E/ AHEAD ( ! COLLECTIVE 9T]E/4 ,REV]S+ ! NORMAL RELATION%IP ?AT DET]M9ES ! LEAD] AS A MEANS 9 ! S]VICE ( A SOCIALLY DEF9$ 5D1 HE TRIES TO MAKE SOCIETY 9TO ! MEANS = A*IEV+ A PURELY PRIVATE 5D3 ! TRIBE 9 ! S]VICE ( ! *IEF & NO LONG] ! *IEF 9 ! S]VICE ( ! TRIBE4 ,IF IT 'WORK$1' !N HE W\LD HAVE F\ND ! BIR?PLACE ( POLITICAL P[]1 AS =CE & VIOL5CE2 WE W\LD HAVE ! FIR/ 9C>NATION1 ! M9IMAL =M ( ! ,/ATE4 ,BUT IT NEV] WORKS4.<#b.> ,!RE W]E C]TA9LY SOME PIRATE CAPTA9S :O TRI$ TO 0PLAY ! *IEF40 ,MO/ FAM\S IS ! TALE ( ,BLACKBE>D :O JU/IFI$ %OOT+ & CRIPPL+ A CREW MEMB] = NO APP>5T REASON ) ! REM>K ?AT 0IF HE DID NOT N[ & !N KILL ONE ( !M1 !Y W\LD =GET :O HE WAS40.<#b#a.> ,/EPH5 ,SNELD]S ALSO RECKONS ?AT 0T[>D ! 5D ( HIS C>E]1 .<,CAPTA9.> ,DAVIS1 & HIS MO/ IMPORTANT LIEUT5ANTS SEEM TO HAVE LO/ SOME ( !IR EGALIT>IAN *>ACT]10.<#b#b.> :ILE ! REACTION ( ,NA?ANIEL ,NOR? TO BE+ ELECT$ CAPTA91 AS RELAT$ BY ,CAPTA9 ,JOHNSON1 DOES NOT EXACTLY EVOKE ! PRAIS$ EGALIT>IAN *>ACT] ( ! PIRATE COMMUNITY EI!R3 0,! C]EMONY IS 5D$ ) AN 9VITATION FROM ! CAPTA9 TO SU* HE ?9KS FIT TO HAVE D9E ) HIM40.<#b#c.> ,! SAME CAN BE SAID = ,B>?OLOMEW ,ROB]TS--ACCORD+ TO ,DAVID ,CORD+LY1 A 0MAN ) A NATURAL FLAIR = LEAD]%IP0.<#b#d.>--:O ALLEG$LY ACCEPT$ HIS ROLE AS CAPTA9 BY SAY+ ?AT 0S9CE HE HAD DIPP$ HIS H&S 9 MUDDY WAT]1 & MU/ BE A PIRATE1 IT WAS BETT] BE+ A COMM&] ?AN A COMMON MAN40.<#b#e.> ,AS 9 ,CAPTA9 ,DAVID'S CASE 7,ROB]TS' PR$ECESSOR ON ! ,ROV]71 A GR\P ( CREW MEMB]S UND] ,ROB]TS' COMM& APP>5TLY ALSO E/ABLI%$ A PRIVILEG$ VANGU>D1 UNATTRACTIVELY NAM$ ! ,H\SE ( ,LORDS4.<#b#f.> ,:E!R !SE PIRATE CAPTA9S & !IR CRONIES SUCCE$$ 9 0PLAY+ ! *IEF0 OR NOT1 IS H>D TO TELL1 AS !IR LIVES W]E CUT %ORT4 #b4#d4 ,POTLAT*ES1 ,Z]O-,PRODUCTION1 & ,P>ASITISM3 ,PIRATE ,ECONOMY ,! ECONOMY ( ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES COMB9ES 0PRIMITIVE0 & 0CRIM9AL0 FEATURES 9 A CURI\S BL5D4 ,LET US CONSID] ! =M] FIR/4 ,PIRATE ,ECONOMY AS 0,PRIMITIVE0 ,ECONOMY ,WORK ,PIRATE HI/ORIANS ACROSS ! POLITICAL SPECTRUM SEEM TO AGREE ?AT WORK WAS NOT HI< ON ! AG5DA ( ,C>IBBEAN BUCCANE]S & PIRATES4 ,FRANK ,%]RY /ATES ?AT 0! CREW ( A PIRATE %IP WORK$ ONLY AS MU* AS WAS NECESS>Y10.<#b#g.> :ILE ,PET] ,E>LE SUGGE/S ?AT 0LESS WORK BECAUSE ( L>GE CREWS WAS444ONE ( ! ATTRACTIONS ( S]VICE ON A PIRATE %IP40.<#b#h.> ,DAVID ,CORD+LY EXP&S ON ! LAT] PO9T3 ,! DAILY R\T9E ON A PIRATE %IP WAS CONSID]ABLY EASI] ?AN LIFE ON A M]*ANTMAN BECAUSE ! CREW W]E NOT DRIV5 BY [N]S & CAPTA9S TO MAKE ! FA/E/ POSSIBLE PASSAGE ) ! BIGGE/ POSSIBLE C>GO1 & BECAUSE ! PIRATES OP]AT$ ) V]Y MU* L>G] CREWS4 ,! TYPICAL CREW ( A M]*ANTMAN ( A HUNDR$ TONS WAS >\ND TWELVE M54 ,A PIRATE %IP ( SIMIL> SIZE W\LD FREQU5TLY HAVE A CREW ( EI ,CONTEMPORANE\S ACC\NTS SEEM TO CONFIRM ! BUCCANE]S' & PIRATES' LACK ( 5?USIASM = WORK4 ,EXQUEMEL9 WROTE AB\T ! BUCCANE]S ?AT1 0SO LONG AS !Y HAD CA% TO SP5D1 IT WAS DIFFICULT TO P]SUADE !M TO ! SEA10.<#b#a.> :ILE 0,P]E ,LABAT1 A PRIE/ :O SAIL$ ) ! FLIBU/I]S ON !IR RAIDS 9TO ! ,S\? ,SEA444 ATTRIBUT$ !IR PREF]5CE = ! USE ( B>KS OR SLOOPS1 VESSELS ) A SIMPLE SAIL-RIG ?AT CALL$ = A M9IMUM ( SEAMAN%IP1 'TO A DISLIKE ( WORK 9 ! FIR/ PLACE4'0.<#b#a#a.> ,! P>ALLELS TO SO-CALL$ PRIMITIVE SOCIETIES >E OBVI\S4 ,CLA/RES /ATES C&IDLY ?AT 0! ,9DIAN DEVOT$ V]Y LITTLE TIME TO :AT IS CALL$ WORK10.<#b#a#b.> & EXPLA9S FUR!R3 0,PRIMITIVE SOCIETIES >E1 AS ,LIZOT WRITES ) REG>D TO ! ,YANOMAMI1 SOCIETIES *>ACT]IZ$ BY ! REJECTION ( WORK3 ',! ,YANOMAMIS' CONTEMPT = WORK & !IR DIS9T]E/ 9 TE*NOLOGICAL PROGRESS P] SE >E BEYOND QUE/ION4' ,! FIR/ LEISURE SOCIETIES1 ! FIR/ AFFLU5T SOCIETIES1 ACCORD+ TO ,M4 ,SAHL9S' APT & PLAYFUL EXPRESSION40.<#b#a#c.> ,SAHL9S HIMSELF WRITES3 0,TRIBAL PEOPLE WORK LESS ?AN WE DO1 AS WELL AS LESS REGUL>LY4 ,!Y PROBABLY ALSO SLEEP MORE 9 ! DAYTIME4444,WORK+ CONDITIONS >E H>DLY IDEAL1 & P]HAPS TRIBESM5 \ AB\T ! H\RS !Y NE$N'T COMPLA940.<#b#a#d.> ,>GUABLY1 A HI NO?+ HAPP5$ = :OLE DAYS40.<#b#a#e.> ,?IS1 ONCE AGA91 EVOKES IMAGES ( A PRIMITIVE ECONOMY AS A 0NECESS>Y CYCLE ( EXTREME ACTIVITY & TOTAL IDL5ESS40.<#b#a#f.> ,ACCORD+ TO ,D\GLAS ,BOT+1 0PIRATES SUFF]$ PROLONG$ AGONIES ( BOR$OM40.<#b#a#g.> ,9 ANY CASE1 ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATE WAS C]TA9LY A /RONG COMPETITOR TO ! HUNT] :5 IT CAME TO 0! L[E/ GRADES 9 !RMODYNAMICS--LESS 5]GY_/CAPITA_/YE>40.<#b#a#h.> ,NON-,ACCUMULATION_/,POTLAT* ,! ABOVE SC5>IO CONFIRMS ! BUCCANE]S' & PIRATES' 0P5*ANT = LIV+ = ! DAY40.<#b#a#i.> ,9 DIRECT RELATION TO SO-CALL$ PRIMITIVE SOCIETIES1 0?IS MEANS ?AT ONCE ITS NE$S >E FULLY SATISFI$ NO?+ C\LD 9DUCE PRIMITIVE SOCIETY TO PRODUCE MORE1 ?AT IS1 TO ALI5ATE ITS TIME BY WORK+ = NO GOOD REASON :5 ?AT TIME IS AVAILABLE = IDL5ESS1 PLAY1 W>F>E1 OR FE/IVITIES40.<#b#b.> ,IT ALSO 9DICATES 0! DET]M9ATION TO MAKE PRODUCTIVE ACTIVITY AGREE ) ! SATISFACTION ( NE$S4 ,& NO?+ MORE40.<#b#b#a.> ,! FACT ?AT ! BUCCANE]S 7& LAT] ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES7 DISPLAY$ A SIMIL> ATTITUDE US$ TO FRU/RATE ?OSE :O D$ICAT$ !MSELVES TO ! ECONOMIC ADVANCEM5T ( ! ,C>IBBEAN COLONIES4 ,JEAN-,BAPTI/E ,DUCASSE1 GOV]NOR ( ! ,FR5* COLONY ( ,SA9T-,DOM+UE 7F\ND$ 9 #afei & COMPRIS+ ,HISPANIOLA'S WE/]N P>T--! MOD]N-DAY ,HAITI71 REPORT$LY DESPAIR$ 9 HIS ANXIETY AB\T ECONOMIC DEVELOPM5T1 S9CE ?IS WAS A MAT] 0:I* WAS ABSOLUTELY 9DIFF]5T TO ! ,BRO!RS ( ! ,COA/40.<#b#b#b.> ,CONTR>Y TO POPUL> BELIEF1 MO/ BUCCANE]S OR PIRATES NEV] DEMON/RAT$ A BIG 9T]E/ 9 ACCUMULAT+ WEAL?4 ,IT IS PROBABLY GO+ TOO F> TO CITE !M AS AN EXAMPLE ( ,M>%ALL ,SAHL9S' ORIG9AL AFFLU5T SOCIETY & ITS ,Z5 APPROA* ( DESIR+ LITTLE 7SOME--IF DI/ANT--DREAMS ( MAT]IAL RI*ES MU/ HAVE HAUNT$ MO/ BUCCANE]S & PIRATES :O W]E1 AFT] ALL1 SUBJECTS ( AN E>LY CAPITALI/ SOCIETY71 BUT !RE C]TA9LY EXI/$ A COMMON BEHAVIORAL TRAIT ?AT AN?ROPOLOGI/S CALL PRODIGALITY3 0! 9CL9ATION TO CONSUME AT ONCE ALL /OCKS ON H&40.<#b#b#c.> ,! BUCCANE]S' & PIRATES' ECONOMIC WA/EFULNESS IS 9DE$ LEG5D>Y4 ,! EYE-WITNESS ,EXQUEMEL9 REPORTS H[ ! BUCCANE]S 0SP5D ) GREAT LIB]ALITY1 GIV+ !MSELVES FREELY TO ALL MANN] ( VICES & DEBAU*]Y40.<#b#b#d.> ,HE WRITES ?AT 0ACCORD+ TO !IR CU/OM . WA/$ 9 A FEW DAYS 9 TAV]NS ALL !Y HAD GA9$444,SU* ( !SE PIRATES >E F\ND :O WILL SP5D TWO OR ?REE ?\S& PIECES ( EI 9 ! MORN+40.<#b#b#e.> ,LIKEWISE3 0,!Y SQU&] 9 A MON? ALL ! MONEY :I* HAS TAK5 !M A YE> OR EIN40.<#b#b#f.> ,SOMETIMES ! RI*ES DIDN'T EV5 LA/ UNTIL 0! CREW W5T A%ORE & 9DULG$ 9 AN ORGY ( RIOT\S LIV+10.<#b#b#g.> AS ,CORD+LY & ,FALCON] REPORT3 0,AFT] PLUND]+ ,M>ACAIBO 9 #afbe ,L',OLLONAIS1 ! ,FR5* BUCCANE]1 DIVID$ ! SPOILS SO ?AT EA* MAN RECEIV$ ONE HUNDR$ PIECES ( EICE ANY MONEY LEFT !M1 HAV+ SP5T IT ALL 9 ?+S ( LITTLE VALUE OR AT PLAY ( C>DS & DICE4'0.<#b#b#h.> ,MAURICE ,BESSON SUMS UP ! BUCCANE]S' ATTITUDE T[>DS GA!R+ RI*ES CONV9C+LY3 0,9 A FEW H\RS1 ! BOOTY WAS DISSIPAT$ ON GAMBL+1 WOMAN & DR9K4 ,)\T A C\NTRY1 ) NO HOME1 ) NO C>E = ! FUTURE1 ! FLIBU/I]S F\ ,! ASSESSM5TS ( O!R PIRATE RESE>*]S R+ EQUALLY TRUE3 ,ULRIKE ,KLAUSMANN & ,M>ION ,ME9Z]9 SUGGE/ ?AT 0!SE PIRATES DID NOT VIEW PLUND]+ AS A MEANS TO BECOM+ WEAL?Y4 ,!IR GOAL 9/EAD WAS TO ATTA9 BOOTY AS QUICKLY AS POSSIBLE1 AT A M9IMUM EXP5SE ( LABOR1 SO AS TO SQU&] IT JU/ AS QUICKLY4444 ',:Y SAVE1 :5 TOMORR[ WE C\LD BE DEAD8' ,?AT WAS !IR MOTTO40.<#b#c.> ,*RIS ,L& CONFIRMS ?IS3 09 ?IS S5SE 'BOOTY' WAS 9CORPORAT$ 9TO ! WAY ( LIFE ! PIRATES W]E DEVELOP+1 RA!R ?AN AN 5D GOAL TO :I* ?AT LIFE WAS SUBORD9AT$40.<#b#c#a.> ,F9ALLY1 ,/EPH5 ,SNELD]S EV5 (F]S A ,M>XI/ ANALYSIS ( ! BUCCANE]S' & PIRATES' SP5D+ HABITS3 0,A PIRATE KEPT ! SURPLUS VALUE ( HIS WORK = HIMSELF & HIS COMRADES1 TO SP5D ON ! GOOD ?+S ( LIFE40.<#b#c#b.> ,ONCE AGA91 ! SIMIL>ITIES TO SO-CALL$ PRIMITIVE ECONOMIES >E /RIK+3 ,WE >E ACCU/OM$1 BECAUSE ( ! NATURE ( \R [N ECONOMY1 TO ?9K ?AT HUMAN BE+S HAVE A 'NATURAL PROP5SITY TO TRUCK & B>T]1' & ?AT ECONOMIC RELATIONS AMONG 9DIVIDUALS OR GR\PS >E *>ACT]IZ$ BY 'ECONOMIZ+1' BY 'MAXIMIZ+' ! RESULTS ( EF=T1 BY 'SELL+ DE> & BUY+ *EAP4' ,PRIMITIVE PEOPLES DO NONE ( !SE ?+S1 H[EV]2 9 FACT1 MO/ ( ! TIME IT W\LD SEEM ?AT !Y DO ! OPPOSITE4 ,!Y 'GIVE ?+S AWAY1' !Y ADMIRE G5]OSITY1 !Y EXPECT HOSPITALITY1 !Y PUNI% ?RIFT AS SELFI%NESS4.<#b#c#c.> ,GU/AVO ,M>T9-,FRAGA*AN TELLS US ?AT ! ,TA9O1 ! ,9DIANS :O MA9LY 7OR EXCLUSIVELY7 POPULAT$ ! ISL& ( ,HISPANIOLA AT ! TIME ( ,COLUMBUS' >RIVAL1 CELEBRAT$ 0L>GE FE/IVALS4449 P>T1 TO CONSUME ALL ! EXCESS ?AT HAD BE5 PRODUC$1 9 A PH5OM5ON ?AT REM9DS US ( ! POTLAT* SO WELL KN[N TO AN?ROPOLOGI/S & E?NOLOGI/S40.<#b#c#d.> ,! ,TA9O CULTURE WAS REPORT$LY EXT9CT BY ! MID-#a#eS1 BUT IT DOES NOT SEEM TOO F>-FET*$ TO SEE A CONT9UATION ( POTLAT*-LIKE RITUALS 9 ! BEHAVIOR ( ! REGION'S BUCCANE]S & PIRATES4 ,= SOME RADICAL AU?ORS1 ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES 0CONSCI\SLY *OSE A NON- ACCUMULATIVE LIFE40.<#b#c#e.> ,IF !RE IS ANY TRU? TO ?IS CLAIM1 !N ,SILV]1 ONE ( ! PIRATE GIRLS 9 ,KA?Y ,ACK]'S ,PUSSY1 ,K+ ( ! ,PIRATES1 MIE 9 A *E/ ( GOLD3 0,I'D RA!R GO A-PIRAT+444 ,IF ME & MY GIRLS TAKE ALL ?IS TREASURE1 ! REIGN ( GIRL PIRACY WILL /OP1 & ,I W\LDN'T HAVE ?AT HAPP540.<#b#c#f.> ,NO ,DIVISION OR ,ALI5ATION ( ,LABOR ,S9CE ! DAILY WORK ?AT HAD TO BE DONE BY BUCCANE] & PIRATE COMMUNITIES 7MA9LY ! H&L+ & MA9T5ANCE ( !IR %IPS7 CON/ITUT$ NO SEP>ATE SPH]E ( !IR EXI/5CE1 ONE C\LD >GUE ?AT LABOR AS AN AUTONOM\S ASPECT ( LIFE DID NOT EXI/ )9 ! PIRATE COMMUNITY1 & H5CE NONE ( ! ALI5ATION PROCESSES ASSOCIAT$ ) IT EXI/$ EI!R4 ,! SAME W\LD BE TRUE = A DIVISION ( LABOR S9CE IT IS H>D TO DIVIDE SOME?+ ?AT DOES NOT EXI/4 ,H]E1 TOO1 ONE F9DS COMPELL+ P>ALLELS TO 0PRIMITIVE0 SOCIETIES3 ,IT IS DIFFICULT AT ANY TIME TO SAY JU/ :AT ACTIONS ( HUNT]S & GA!R]S >E ECONOMIC OR POLITICAL OR RELIGI\S1 OR EV5 >TI/IC4 ,?IS UNSPECIALIZ$ *>ACT]I/IC ( PRIMITIVE SOCIETY RESULTS 9 ONE ESPECIALLY IMPORTANT CONTRA/ TO MOD]N CIVILIZATION4 ,IT MEANS ?AT AN 9DIVIDUAL ADULT P>TICIPATES MU* MORE FULLY 9 EV]Y ASPECT ( ! CULTURE ?AN DO ! PEOPLE ( MORE COMPLICAT$ SOCIETIES4.<#b#c#g.> ,) ?IS 9 M9D1 ! SOCIAL EXP]IM5T ( ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES DID 9DE$ ?R[ A MONKEY WR5* 9TO ! 9DU/RIALIZATION PROCESS4 ,AS ,M>%ALL ,SAHL9S WRITES AB\T SOCIETIES :O DO NOT ABIDE BY ?IS PROCESS3 ,WORK IS NOT DIVORC$ FROM LIFE4 ,!RE IS NO 'JOB1' NO TIME & PLACE :]E ONE SP5DS MO/ ( ONE'S TIME NOT BE+ ONESELF4 ,NOR >E WORK & LIFE RELAT$ AS MEANS TO AN 5D 7AS !Y (T5 >E = US73 ! =M] A NECESS>Y EVIL TOL]AT$ = ! SAKE ( ! LAT]1 'LIV+1' :I* IS SOME?+ TO DO AFT] BUS9ESS H\RS1 ON Y\R [N TIME1 IF Y\ HAVE ! 5]GY4 ,! ,9DU/RIAL ,REVOLUTION SPLIT WORK FROM LIFE4 ,! RE9TEGRATION HAS NOT YET BE5 A*IEV$4.<#b#c#h.> ,SELF-,MANAGEM5T ,AP>T FROM ! RELATIVE LACK ( WORK1 ! REFUSAL TO 5GAGE 9 ACCUMULATIVE PRACTICES1 & ! ABS5CE ( A DI/9CT LABOR SECTOR & ALI5ATION PROCESSES1 ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES' ECONOMY DI/+UI%$ ITSELF 9 ANO!R IMPORTANT WAY FROM ! CAPITALI/ DEVELOPM5T ?AT SURR\ND$ IT3 NAMELY1 ! PIRATES CONTROLL$ !IR [N MEANS ( PRODUCTION4 ,?IS IS ONE ( ! ASPECTS ( GOLD5 AGE PIRACY ?AT DOES 9DE$ M>K A BREAK ) ! TRADITION ( ! PRIVATE]+ BUCCANE]S4 ,AS ,FRANK ,%]RY PO9TS \T1 :ILE 0PRIVATE] CREWS444W]E /ILL ONLY HIR$ H&S DESPITE ! FACT ?AT !Y RECEIV$ FAIR %>ES ( !IR %IP'S PLUND]1 PIRATES REG>D$ !MSELVES AS SELF-EMPLOY$1 COLLECTIVE [N]S ( !IR [N %IPS40.<#b#c#i.> ,NO ,EXPLOITATION ,AS !RE WAS NO CONTRADICTION BETWE5 MEANS & =CES ( PRODUCTION1 !RE WAS ALSO NO ROOM = EXPLOITATION 9 ! ECONOMIC SET-UP ( ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATE COMMUNITIES EI!R4 ,AGA91 9 CONTRA/ TO ! PRIVATE]S :O /ILL PAID A %>E ( !IR PLUND] TO ! %IP [N] 7& (T5 5\< TO ! POLITICAL AU?ORITIES71 ! PIRATES KEPT ALL !IR [N PR(ITS4 ,SOME ( !SE PR(ITS W]E %>$ BY ! CREW 9 A WAY REM9ISC5T ( BO? ,FRI$RI* ,5GELS' SIMPLE DESCRIPTION ( 0ORIG9AL COMMUNISM0 70:ATEV] WAS PRODUC$ & US$ 9 COMMON WAS COMMON PROP]TY0.<#b#d.>7 & ! 0G5]ALIZ$ RECIPROCITY0 DESCRIB$ BY ,SAHL9S & O!R AN?ROPOLOGI/S AS 0A =M ( EX*ANGE BAS$ ON ! ASSUMPTION ?AT RETURNS WILL BALANCE \T 9 ! LONG RUN40.<#b#d#a.> ,AMONG ! BUCCANE]S & PIRATES1 ?IS MA9LY CONC]N$ ! P>T ( ! BOOTY ?AT WAS TO BE US$ COMMUNALLY UNTIL ! 5D ( A VOYAGE4 70,PIRATE ,UTOPIAS10 ! >TICLE FROM ,DO OR ,DIE1 SUGGE/S ?AT 0?IS SORT ( %>E SY/EM WAS COMMON 9 M$IEVAL %IPP+1 BUT HAD BE5 PHAS$ \T AS %IPP+ BECAME A CAPITALI/ 5T]PRISE & SAILORS WAGE LABOR]S40.<#b#d#b.>7 ,! RE/ ( ! PRIZE WAS DIVID$ ACCORD+ TO ! SPECIFIC >TICLES DRAWN UP BY EA* CREW1 MO/ ( ! TIME 9 A V]Y EGALIT>IAN WAY4 ,EV5 !N1 H[EV]1 EXCEPTIONS C\LD BE MADE = ! COMMON GOOD1 AS ,BASIL ,R+ROSE REPORTS3 ,ON ?AT DAY1 !RE=E1 A LITTLE ,SPANI% %OCK-DOG1 :I* WE HAD F\ND 9 \R LA/ W9E-PRIZE1 TAK5 UND] ! EQU9OCTIAL & HAD KEPT ALIVE TILL N[1 WAS SOLD AT ! MA/ BY PUBLIC CRY = =TY PIECES-(-EIP1 B\P5T]1 & QU>T]MA/] HAD REFUS$ TO TAKE AT ?IS LA/ DIVID5D1 = SOME QU>REL !Y HAD AGA9/ ! %>ES !RE(1 WAS ALL LAID UP 9 /ORE TILL WE CAME TO L&1 ) ! 9T5T ( SP5D+ IT A%ORE1 AT A COMMON FEA/ OR DR9K+ B\T4.<#b#d#c.> ,POSSESSIONS W]E NOT ALWAYS %>$ SO SMOO?LY1 ( C\RSE4 ,PET] ,E>LE1 9 QUOT+ ,S4 ,C4 ,HILL1 RELATES AN ANECDOTE AB\T F\RTE5 PIRATES :O 0BY CONS5T DIVID$ !MSELVES 9TO SEV5S TO FI ,PIRATE ,ECONOMY AS 0,CRIM9AL0 ,ECONOMY ,S9CE ! PIRATES' MEANS ( PROCUR+ WEAL? W]E ILLEGAL1 !Y %>$ A WORLD ) O!RS 5GAG$ 9 ILLEGAL1 I4E4 0CRIM9AL10 ECONOMIC ACQUISITION & TRANSACTION4 ,IF A S]I\S COMP>ATIVE /UDY ( ! ECONOMY ( GOLD5 AGE PIRACY WAS CONDUCT$1 ! PIRATES' DEP5D5CY ON SMUGGL]S1 CORRUPT (FICIALS & BLACK M>KETS W\LD HAVE TO BE AS MU* 9VE/IGAT$ AS ! /RUCTURAL SIMIL>ITIES ( !IR ECONOMIES TO ?OSE ( WRECK]S OR B&ITS ON L&4 ,PIRATES W]E )\T D\BT P>T ( AN ECONOMIC UND]GR\ND--OR AN UND]GR\ND ECONOMY4.<#b#d#e.> ,Z]O-,PRODUCTION_/,P>ASITISM ,:ILE ! ECONOMIES ( 0PRIMITIVE0 PEOPLE HAVE BE5 DESCRIB$ AS VOLUNT>Y 0UND]PRODUCTION0 BY ,M>%ALL ,SAHL9S1.<#b#d#f.> ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES' ECONOMY MU/ BE DESCRIB$ 9 T]MS ( 0Z]O-PRODUCTION40 ,PRACTICALLY ALL !IR MEANS = SURVIVAL CAME FROM ROBB+ & RAID+4 ,NOT A S+LE COMMODITY IS KN[N ?AT PIRATES PRODUC$ = !MSELVES OR ECONOMIC PR(IT4 ,?IS AGA9 REVEALS P>ALLELS TO NOMADIC SOCIETIES4 ,SAHL9S WRITES3 ,AS IS ! LOT ( PA/ORAL NOMADS1 CON/ANT MOVEM5T ALSO RE/RICT$ ! QUANTITY & *>ACT] ( ,PLA9S ,9DIANS' WEAL?4 ,!Y MADE NO POTT]Y1 CLO?1 OR BASKETRY1 & DEVELOP$ ONLY E>LY MANUFACTURES 9 WOOD1 /ONE1 & BONE2 BUT RELI$ 9/EAD ON LEA!R PRODUCTS & METAL TRADE GOODS1 & LAVI%$ MO/ ATT5TION ON !IR BEAD$1 BANGL$1 & BEFEA!R$ CO/UMES4.<#b#d#g.> ,?IS IS >GUABLY TRUE = GOLD5 AGE PIRATES AS WELL4.<#b#d#h.> ,:ILE ! ,PLA9S ,9DIANS' ECONOMY WAS L>GELY BUILT ON HUNT+1 ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES' ECONOMY WAS ALMO/ EXCLUSIVELY BUILT ON PLUND]4 7,TURTL+ IS ! ONLY PRODUCTIVE ACTIVITY ?AT IS FAIRLY COMMONLY REPORT$4 ,JU/ LIKE FI%+1 IT SEEMS TO HAVE BE5 MO/LY ! TASK ( ,9DIANS1 H[EV]1 :O TRAVEL$ ) BUCCANE] & PIRATE CREWS4.<#b#d#i.>7 ,EV] S9CE ! BUCCANE]S' EXI/5CE AS HUNT]S 5D$1 !IR SUPPLY ( 0CLO!S1 >MS & %IPS444DEP5D$ ON ! LOOT !Y ACQUIR$40.<#b#e.> ,CORD+LY & ,FALCON] MA9TA9 ?AT ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATE WAS 0ESS5TIALLY AN OPPORTUNI/1 & MANY ( ! NECESSITIES ( LIFE W]E TAK5 FROM HIS VICTIMS4 ,M$IC9ES1 FOOD & %IP'S /ORES W]E ALL VALUABLE40.<#b#e#a.> ,ON ANO!R OCCASION1 ,CORD+LY EXPLA9S 0?AT MU* ( ! LOOT :I* WAS /OL5 CONSI/$ ( %IP'S GE> & :AT MI ,PET] ,E>LE CONCURS3 ,:AT . *IEFLY S\D A PRIZE W]E ?OSE ?+S :I* W\LD 5ABLE !M TO MA9TA9 !IR %IPS & SU/A9 !MSELVES & !IR WAY ( LIFE1 ! LIFE ITSELF BE+ AS OR MORE IMPORTANT ?AN ! DREAM ( RETURN+ HOME RI*4 ,& SO1 :ILE !Y ALWAYS LOOK$ = MONEY & O!R VALUABLES1 !IR MA9 FOCUS WAS ON FOOD & DR9K1 CLO!S1 >MS & AMMUNITION1 CABLES & SAILS & :ATEV] ELSE !Y MI ,IT HAS EV5 BE5 SUGGE/$ ?AT 0UNLIKE ! PIRATES ( FICTION1 !SE M>ITIME CRIM9ALS NEV] EXPECT$ TO PLUND] C>GOES ( GOLD & SILV]1 BUT PREY$ ON ! EV]YDAY COMM]CE ( ! ,COLONIAL ,AM]ICAS40.<#b#e#d.> ,IT IS H5CE NOT SURPRIS+ :5 ,ANNE ,P]OT9-,DUMON SUGGE/S ?AT PIRATES W]E 0M]E P>ASITES40.<#b#e#e.> ,/RESS+ ! LACK ( SELF-SUFFICI5CY 9 MORE ACADEMIC T]MS1 ,A4 ,M4 ,KHAZANOV SPEAKS ( ! 0NON-AUT>KY0 OR 09 MANY CASES444 ANTI- AUT>KY10 ( NOMADIC SOCIETIES4.<#b#e#f.> ,9 ANY CASE1 ! 0Z]O PRODUCTION0 RELAT$ TO !IR ILLEGAL MODES ( ACQUISITION AS WELL AS !IR NOMADIC EXI/5CE IS A NOTABLE ASPECT SEP>AT+ ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES FROM MANY O!R PIRATE COMMUNITIES :O W]E /ILL CONNECT$ TO A C]TA9 T]RITORY & C]TA9 =MS ( PRODUCTION3 FI%+1 AGRICULTURE1 EV5 CRAFTSMAN%IP4 ,FA/ ,RI*ES ,?\< SELDOM A COMMON OCCURR5CE OR A PRIME OBJECTIVE ( ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES1 IT IS H>D TO IMAG9E ?AT ! LURE ( WEAL? PLAY$ NO ROLE AT ALL 9 5TIC+ M5 TO SAIL UND] ! ,JOLLY ,ROG]1 EV5 IF ?IS ROLE SELDOM AM\NT$ TO MORE ?AN *AS+ A DI/ANT DREAM4 ,AFT] ALL1 ! LIFE ( A PIRATE PROVID$ TWO ?+S ?AT ! LIFE ( A SAILOR ON A M]*ANTMAN OR A MAN-(-W> DID NOT3 ! POSSIBILITY ( BECOM+ RI* V]Y FA/ 7!RE W]E PIRATES SU* AS ! CREWS ( ,EV]Y1 ,TEW1 ,TAYLOR1 OR ,COND5T :O RETIR$ WEAL?Y AFT] ONE BIG SCORE1 MANY ( !M TAK+ !IR %>ES & VANI%+ OR BRIB+ !IR WAY BACK 9TO MA9/REAM SOCIETY71 & A G5]ALLY DEC5T 9COME COMB9$ ) MU* LESS EF=T & MU* MORE FRE$OM4 ,ESPECIALLY CONSID]+ ?AT 0! LIFE ( AN ORD9>Y SAILOR WAS NO LESS DANG]\S444 ?AN ?AT ( A PIRATE10.<#b#e#g.> !SE ADVANTAGES SEEM SO /RONG ?AT ONE CAN 9DE$ CONCLUDE ) ,*>LES ,GRAY ?AT 0) SO MANY CONV9C+ REASONS :Y !Y %\LD BECOME PIRATES1 IT DOES SEEM /RANGE ?AT SO MANY M>9]S1 :O HAD ! OPPORTUNITY1 REFRA9$ FROM GO+ ',ON ! ,ACC\NT4'0.<#b#e#h.> ,?IS E*OES ! FACT ?AT IT IS NOT SURPRIS+ TO SEE MANY GANG/]S 9 ECONOMICALLY UND]PRIVILEG$ COMMUNITIES--:AT IS SURPRIS+ IS NOT TO SEE MORE4 ,! LOGIC ?AT ,PHILIP ,GOSSE APPLIES TO ! BUCCANE]S CAN BE APPLI$ TO ALL POOR COMMUNITIES3 0,:5 A MAN HAS = YE>S LIV$ ! FREE LIFE1 SAIL$ \T FROM ,JAMAICA A PAUP]1 TO RETURN 9 SIX WEEKS OR LESS )1 P]HAPS1 A BAG ( GOLD WOR? TWO1 ?REE1 OR F\R ?\S& P\NDS1 :I* HE HAS PRID$ HIMSELF ON SP5D+ 9 ! TAV]NS & GAMBL+-HELLS ( ,PORT ,ROYAL 9 A WEEK1 H[ CAN HE SETTLE D[N TO HUMDRUM UNEV5TFUL TOIL1 ) ITS SMALL PR(ITS80.<#b#e#i.> ,! 9DIVIDUAL DIM5SION EXPRESS$ H]E IS MIRROR$ BY A COLLECTIVE DIM5SION ?AT ONCE AGA9 REM9DS US ( ! SIMIL>ITIES BETWE5 ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES & 7O!R7 NOMADIC SOCIETIES3 DUE TO ! USUAL ECONOMIC IMBALANCES BETWE5 S$5T>Y & MOBILE FOLK1 0RAID MU/ (T5 PRES5T ITSELF TO ! NOMADS A BETT] *OICE ?AN TRADE40.<#b#f.> ,9 %ORT1 ! PIRATE ECONOMY WAS AN EXPRESSION ( PEOPLE REFUS+ TO ACCEPT !IR LACK ( PRIVILEGE1 OBEY ORD]S & TOIL = CRUMBS4 ,9/EAD1 !Y DECID$ TO LIVE (F ( O!RS--IDEALLY ! RI*1 BUT PROBABLY (T5 5\< ?OSE :O SIMPLY SAIL$ 9TO !IR AMBU%ES4 ,R$I/RIBUTION ( ,WEAL? ,AS A 0CRIM9AL0 ECONOMY1 PIRATE ECONOMY HELP$ TO R$I/RIBUTE SOME ( ! WEAL? 9 ! ,C>IBBEAN4 ,?ANKS TO ! BUCCANE]S & ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES1 SIGNIFICANT AM\NTS ( ! MONEY FROM 9T]NATIONAL TRADE F\ND ITS WAY 9TO LOCAL ECONOMIES4 ,AS ,FRANKL9 ,W4 ,KNI ,! WORLD OV]1 MANY COMMUNITIES TURN A BL9D EYE TO KN[N GANG/]S AS LONG AS !Y DO NOT 9T]F]E ) LOCAL COMM]CE1 BUT FUEL IT ) GOODS & MONEY ATTA9$ ON ! \TSIDE4 ,?IS IS ALSO A TRADITIONAL ASSET ( ! B&IT AS A SOCIAL REBEL :O CONTRIBUTES TO ! ACCUMULATION ( LOCAL CAPITAL3 ,:AT DO !Y DO ) ! RU/L$ CATTLE1 ! TRAVEL+ M]*ANT'S GOODS8 ,!Y BUY & SELL4 ,9DE$1 S9CE !Y NORMALLY POSSESS F> MORE CA% ?AN ORD9>Y LOCAL PEASANTRY1 !IR EXP5DITURES MAY =M AN IMPORTANT ELEM5T 9 ! MOD]N SECTOR ( ! LOCAL ECONOMY1 BE+ R$I/RIBUT$1 ?R\< LOCAL %OPKEEP]S1 9NKEEP]S & O!RS1 TO ! COMM]CIAL MIDDLE /RATA ( RURAL SOCIETY4444 ,IT IS !RE=E A MI/AKE TO ?9K ( B&ITS AS M]E *ILDR5 ( NATURE ROA/+ /AGS 9 ! GRE5WOOD4 ,A SUCCESSFUL BRIG& *IEF IS AT LEA/ AS CLOSELY 9 T\* ) ! M>KET & ! WID] ECONOMIC UNIV]SE AS A SMALL L&[N] OR PROSP]\S F>M]4 ,9DE$1 9 ECONOMICALLY BACKW>D REGIONS HIS TRADE MAY DRAW HIM CLOSE TO ?AT ( O!RS :O TRAVEL1 BUY & SELL4.<#b#f#b.> #b4#e4 ,NO ,/ATE1 ,NO ,ACCUMULATION1 ,NO ,HI/ORY3 ,PIRATES AS 0,PRIMITIVES08 ,IF WE SUBSCRIBE TO ,PI]RE ,CLA/RES' DIVISION ( SOCIETIES 9TO TWO MA9 GR\PS1 NAMELY 0PRIMITIVE SOCIETIES1 OR SOCIETIES )\T A ,/ATE0 & 0SOCIETIES ) A ,/ATE10.<#b#f#c.> !N ! SOCIETY ( GOLD5 AGE PIRATES CLE>LY FALLS ON ! PRIMITIVE SIDE4 ,?IS SEEMS EV5 MORE EVID5T :5 WE ALSO ACCEPT ,CLA/RES' ASSESSM5T ?AT 0FAI?LESS1 LAWLESS1 & K+LESS0 W]E ! 0T]MS US$ BY ! SIXTE5?- C5TURY ,WE/ TO DESCRIBE ! ,9DIANS0.<#b#f#d.>--AFT] ALL1 ! SAME T]MS W\LD BE US$ A C5TURY LAT] TO DESCRIBE ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES :O 0OPPOS$ ! HI< & MI ,TO FUR!R /R5G!N ! CASE = GOLD5 AGE PIRATES CON/ITUT+ A SOCIETY )\T A /ATE1 LET US CONSID] ,M>%ALL ,SAHL9S' DEF9ITION ( A 0/ATE SOCIETY03 7#a7 !RE IS AN (FICIAL PUBLIC AU?ORITY1 A SET ( (FICES ( ! SOCIETY AT L>GE CONF]R+ GOV]NANCE OV] ! SOCIETY AT L>GE2 7#b7 'SOCIETY AT L>GE1' ! DOMA9 ( ?IS GOV]N+ AU?ORITY1 IS T]RITORIALLY DEF9$ & SUBDIVID$2 7#c7 ! RUL+ AU?ORITY MONOPOLIZES SOV]EIGNTY--NO O!R P]SON OR ASSEMBLY CAN RIE AS SU* --BY VIRTUE ( RESID5CE 9 ! DOMA9--SUBJECT TO ! SOV]EIGN1 TO ITS JURISDICTION & CO]CION4.<#b#f#f.> ,NONE ( ?IS APPLIES TO ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATE COMMUNITIES4 ,AT ! SAME TIME1 WE CAN DRAW PL5TY ( />TL+ P>ALLELS TO SO-CALL$ PRIMITIVE SOCIETIES4 ,ELMAN ,R4 ,S]VICE1 = EXAMPLE1 CALLS A PRIMITIVE OR 0B& SOCIETY0 ONE ) 0NO SPECIALIZ$ OR =MALIZ$ 9/ITUTIONS OR GR\PS ?AT CAN BE DIFF]5TIAT$ AS ECONOMIC1 POLITICAL1 RELIGI\S1 & SO ON40.<#b#f#g.> ,9 RESPONSE TO ! 9FAM\S ,HOBBESIAN ASSUMPTION AB\T ! LIVES ( PRIMITIVE1 /ATELESS PEOPLE AS 0NA/Y1 BRUTI% & %ORT10 ,S]VICE WRITES ?AT 0PRIMITIVE PEOPLES' LIVES >E USUALLY %ORT1 BUT NOT ALWAYS NA/Y1 & NEV] BRUTI%40.<#b#f#h.> ,?IS DESCRIPTION APPLIES TO MANY PIRATES' LIVES AS WELL4 ,! ABS5CE ( WRITT5 RECORDS FROM PIRATE %IPS ALSO ALL[S = 9T]E/+ COMP>ISONS4 ,IT W\LD CLE>LY BE TOO D>+ TO D$UCE AN 0>*AIC CULTURE0.<#b#f#i.> FROM ,CAPTA9 ,JOHNSON'S REM>K ?AT AMONG ! PIRATES LIV+ 9 ,MADAGASC> 9 ! #a#f#iS !RE WAS NOT 0A MAN AMONG !M1 :O C\LD EI!R READ OR WRITE40.<#b#g.> ,BUT TO SPEAK ( AN ORAL CULTURE 9 ! CASE ( ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES SEEMS H>DLY EXAGG]AT$4 ,?IS APPE>S P>TICUL>LY 9T]E/+ :5 CONSID]+ ?AT IT WAS L>GELY ! KEEP+ ( WRITT5 RECORDS ?AT M>K$ ! MOM5T :5 0,TIME BECAME ,HI/ORY40.<#b#g#a.> ,ANO!R NOTABLE ASPECT IS COMMUNITY SIZE4 ,CLA/RES WRITES3 ,9 FACT IT IS V]Y PROBABLE ?AT A BASIC CONDITION = ! EXI/5CE ( PRIMITIVE SOCIETIES IS !IR RELATIVELY SMALL DEMOGRAPHIC SIZE4 ,?+S CAN FUNCTION ON ! PRIMITIVE MODEL ONLY IF ! PEOPLE >E FEW 9 NUMB]4 ,OR1 9 O!R WORDS1 9 ORD] = A SOCIETY TO BE PRIMITIVE1 IT MU/ BE NUM]ICALLY SMALL4 ,&1 9 EFFECT1 :AT ONE OBS]VES 9 ! ,SAVAGE WORLD IS AN EXTRAORD9>Y PAT*WORK ( 'NATIONS1' TRIBES1 & SOCIETIES MADE UP ( LOCAL GR\PS ?AT TAKE GREAT C>E TO PRES]VE !IR AUTONOMY )9 ! L>G] GR\P ( :I* !Y >E A P>T1 AL?\< !Y MAY CONCLUDE TEMPOR>Y ALLIANCES ) !IR NE>BY 'FELL[- C\NTRYM51' IF ! CIRCUM/ANCES--ESPECIALLY ?OSE HAV+ TO DO ) W>F>E--DEM& IT4 ,?IS ATOMIZATION ( ! TRIBAL UNIV]SE IS UNQUE/IONABLY AN EFFECTIVE MEANS ( PREV5T+ ! EM]G5CE ( ! ,/ATE1 :I* IS A UNIFI] BY NATURE4.<#b#g#b.> ,ONCE AGA91 ?IS APPLIES ALMO/ WORD = WORD TO ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATE COMMUNITIES4.<#b#g#c.> ,ACCORD+ TO ,M>%ALL ,SAHL9S1 ! SOCIETY ( ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES C\LD BE 9T]PRET$ AS A SEGM5T>Y TRIBE3 ,A TRIBE IS SPECIFICALLY UNLIKE A MOD]N NATION 9 ?AT ITS SEV]AL COMMUNITIES >E NOT UNIT$ UND] A SOV]EIGN GOV]N+ AU?ORITY1 NOR >E ! B\ND>IES ( ! :OLE ?US CLE>LY & POLITICALLY DET]M9$4444,SU* A CULTURAL =MATION1 AT ONCE /RUCTURALLY DEC5TRALIZ$ & FUNCTIONALLY G5]ALIZ$1 IS A PRIMITIVE SEGM5T>Y SOCIETY4444,! SEGM5T>Y TRIBE IS %>PLY DIVID$ 9TO 9DEP5D5T LOCAL COMMUNITIES 7'PRIM>Y POLITICAL SEGM5TS'74 ,!SE COMMUNITIES >E SMALL4 ,!Y R>ELY 9CLUDE MORE ?AN A FEW HUNDR$ PEOPLE1 USUALLY MANY LESS444 .<#b#g#d.> ,! FOLL[+ DESCRIPTION IS AS APT3 0,C]TA9 GR\PS MAY ALLY = A TIME & PURPOSE1 AS = A MILIT>Y V5TURE1 BUT ! COLLECTIVE SPIRIT IS EPISODIC4 ,:5 ! OBJECTIVE = :I* IT WAS CALL$ 9TO BE+ IS ACCOMPLI%$1 ! ALLIANCE LAPSES & ! TRIBE RETURNS TO ITS NORMAL /ATE ( DISUNITY40.<#b#g#e.> ,F9ALLY1 ,SAHL9S' EXPLANATION ( H[ ! TRIBE MA9TA9S ITS ID5TITY ?R\< CULTURAL SIMIL>ITY RA!R ?AN A CONT9U\SLY %>$ EXI/5CE IS /RIK+ ) RESPECT TO PIRATE COMMUNITIES3 ,P]HAPS MO/ CRITICAL 9 GIV+ A TRIBAL PEOPLE ?AT MEASURE ( COH]5CE & ID5TITY !Y DO POSSESS IS !IR CULTURAL SIMIL>ITY4 ,! LOCAL GR\PS >E LIKE EA* O!R 9 CU/OM & SPEE*1 EV5 AS !Y (T5 DIFF] 9 !SE RESPECTS FROM O!RS4 ,CUT FROM ! SAME CLO?1 !Y HAVE A COMMON DE/9Y OR1 MORE TE*NICALLY1 A 'ME*ANICAL SOLID>ITY4' ,9S(> AS !SE GR\PS >E ALIKE1 !Y RESPOND ! SAME WAY TO ! WORLD & ?US DEVELOP AN HI/ORIC ID5TITY IF NOT EXACTLY A POLITY4 ,ALSO IMPORTANT IS ! SOCIAL NEXUS L9K+ NEIE C]TA9 PAN-TRIBAL 9/ITUTIONS1 WIDESPREAD TRIBAL ASSOCIATIONS3 NOT EXACTLY 'GR\PS' S9CE !Y DO NOT ACT AS COLLECTIVES1 BUT MORE LIKE FRAT]NAL ORD]S ) *APT]S E/ABLI%$ 9 DIFF]5T LOCALES--SO ?AT = ! PRICE ( A SECRET H&%AKE ONE MAY BE ABLE TO CADGE A FREE LUN* 9 ANO!R PLACE4.<#b#g#f.> #b4#f4 0,CULTURAL ,CONTACT03 ,PIRATES & ! ,NON-,EUROPEAN ,PEOPLE ( ! ,C>IBBEAN ,9 HIS /UDY 0,FREI-,BEUT]3 ,*>AKT] UND ,H]KUNF PIRATIS*] ,DEMOKRATIE IM FRUH5 #a#h4 ,JAHRHUND]T0 .<0,FREEBOOT]S3 ,*>ACT] & ,ORIG9 ( ,PIRATE ,DEMOCRACY 9 ! ,E>LY #a#h? ,C5TURY0.>1 ,G]MAN S*OL> ,RUDIG] ,HAUDE DEF9ES F\R CRUCIAL 9FLU5CES = ! DEMOCRATIC ORGANIZATION ( ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES' COMMUNITIES4 ,AP>T FROM 0SPONTANE\S EM]G5CE10 0! S*OOL ( ! SEA10 & 0EXPATRIAT$ RADICALISM10.<#b#g#g.> ,HAUDE ALSO NAMES 0CULTURAL CONTACT40 ,HAUDE'S P>AMET]S SUGGE/ ?AT ! P>ALLELS DRAWN BETWE5 GOLD5 AGE PIRACY & 0PRIMITIVE0 SOCIETIES ABOVE DO NOT JU/ ILLU/RATE /RUCTURAL COMMONALITIES ( /ATELESS PEOPLE1 BUT POSSIBLY 9DICATE AN ACTUAL 9FLU5CE ( ,NATIVE ,AM]ICAN_/,C>IBBEAN CULTURE ON ! ,EUROPEAN R5EGADES :O =M$ ! BUCCANE] COMMUNITY4 ,H]E1 A LACK ( S\RCES NOT ONLY CONC]N+ ! BUCCANE]S & PIRATES1 BUT ALSO ! LIVES ( PEOPLE :O 9HABIT$ ! ,C>IBBEAN REALM PRIOR TO ! ,EUROPEANS' >RIVAL1 PREV5TS ! PROPOSAL ( MORE SUB/ANTIAL !ORIES4 ,AN?ROPOLOGICAL RESE>* ON ! ,C>IBBEAN'S PRE-,EUROPEAN SOCIETIES HAS L>GELY HAD TO RELY ON >*AEOLOGICAL MAT]IAL 7:I* ALL[S FEW CONCLUSIONS ON MAT]S ( POLITICAL ORGANIZATION & ! SOCIAL DIM5SIONS ( 9T]-CULTURAL CONTACT7 & MISSION>Y RECORDS 7SC>CELY KN[N = OBJECTIVITY74 ,JULIAN ,GRANB]RY SUMS UP ! SITUATION AS FOLL[S3 ,>*AEOLOGI/S >E GRADUALLY PIEC+ TOGE!R ! PREHI/ORIC BACKGR\NDS & MIGRATIONS ( ! NATIVE PEOPLES ( ! ,C>IBBEAN1 BUT EV5 ?AT PICTURE IS 9 A /ATE ( FLUX TODAY4 ,! (FICIAL ,SPANI% ACC\NTS ( ! TIME1 PRES]V$ 9 ! ,>*IVES ( ! ,9DIES 9 ,SEVILLE1 ) FEW EXCEPTIONS DISCUSS ONLY ! ,9DIES' POT5TIAL = WEAL? & ! CONV]SION ( ! NATIVE PEOPLES TO ,*RI/IANITY4 ,ALMO/ ! ONLY 9T]E/ %[N 9 ! PEOPLE P] SE WAS AS A S\RCE ( UNPAID1 BAPTIZ$ LABOR4 ,!RE IS SOME 9=MATION ( E?NOGRAPHIC 9T]E/ 9 !SE E>LY ACC\NTS BUT REGRETTABLY LITTLE4.<#b#g#h.> ,9 FACT1 ! AVAILABLE MAT]IAL IS SO SP>SE ?AT NO /RICT CULTURAL DIVISIONS HAVE EV] BE5 E/ABLI%$4 ,IRV+ ,R\SE1 A WELL-REG>D$ SPECIALI/ ON ! AN?ROPOLOGICAL HI/ORY ( ! ,C>IBBEAN1 DI/+UI%$ ?REE MA9 E?NIC GR\PS 9 ! #aidh ,H&BOOK ( ,S\? ,AM]ICAN ,9DIANS3 ! ,>AWAK 7) ! ,TA9O AS ! BIGGE/ SUB-GR\P71 ! ,C>IB1 & ! ,CIBONEY4.<#b#g#i.> ,TODAY1 ?IS CATEGORIZATION IS *ALL5G$ BY V>I\S S*OL>S--SOME PREF]R+ TO SPEAK ( ,ISL&-,>AWAK1 ,ISL&-,C>IB1 & ,GUANAHATABEYS_/,GUANAHACABIBES 9/EAD1 O!RS QUE/ION+ ! ?REE CATEGORIES ALTOGE!R4.<#b#h.> ,S9CE MO/ ( ! LIT]ATURE ?AT DISCUSSES CONTACTS BETWE5 BUCCANE]S_/PIRATES & ,9DIANS FOLL[S ,R\SE'S CLASSIFICATION1 & S9CE COMMONLY ACCEPT$ ALT]NATIVES >E MISS+1 ,R\SE'S T]MS WILL BE EMPLOY$ H]E DESPITE ! OBVI\S NE$ = FUTURE MODIFICATION4 ,IF ! HI/ORICAL RECORDS >E TO BE BELIEV$1 ! ,C>IB W]E ! ONLY ONE ( ! ?REE M5TION$ GR\PS ?AT C\LD HAVE HAD CONTACT ) ! BUCCANE]S & PIRATES ( ! ,C>IBBEAN4 ,! ,>AWAK1 :OSE SOCIETY HAS BE5 DESCRIB$ AS ONE ( !OCRATIC *IEFDOMS1 .<#b#h#a.> W]E REPUT$LY EXT+UI%$ BY ! MID-#a#eS4.<#b#h#b.> 7,?IS IS P>TICUL>LY %OCK+ 9 LIRIVAL ONLY HALF A C5TURY E>LI]4 ,IT SUGGE/S A G5OCIDE ( 5ORM\S PROPORTIONS47 ,! ,CIBONEY1 :O HAVE BE5 DESCRIB$ AS 0HUNT]S & GA!R]S ) A POLITICAL ORGANIZATION :I* PROBABLY DID NOT DEVELOP BEYOND ?AT ( ! NOMADIC B&10.<#b#h#c.> MIRIVAL4 ,GR\PS ( ,C>IBS1 H[EV]1 SURVIV$ & PUT UP FI]CE RESI/ANCE TO ! ,EUROPEAN SETTLEM5T ON ! ,LEEW>D ,ISL&S ( ,/4 ,*RI/OPH]1 ,NEVIS1 ,MONTS]RAT1 ,GUADEL\PE1 & ,/4 ,V9C5T4 ,EV5TUALLY ! ,C>IB1 TOO1 W\LD REA* ! BR9K ( EXT9CTION4 ,TODAY A C\PLE ( HUNDR$ ,C>IBS LIVE 9 A RES]VE ON ,DOM9ICA1 & DESC5DANTS ( ,C>IBS & ,AFRICAN SLAVES1 ! 0,BLACK ,C>IBS0 7ALSO CALL$ ,G>IFUNA71 POPULATE ! ,C>IBBEAN COA/ ( ,C5TRAL ,AM]ICA4 ,ACCORD+ TO ! RECORDS1 TWO MORE ,9DIAN PEOPLES AP>T FROM ! ,C>IB HAD REGUL> CONTACT ) BUCCANE]S & PIRATES3 ! ,CUNA ( ! ,D>I5 7! EA/]NMO/ REGION ( ,PANAMA7 :OM ! BUCCANE]S 5C\NT]$ DUR+ !IR FREQU5T RAIDS ON ,SPANI% T[NS 9 ! >EA1 & ! ,MOSQUITO ,9DIANS1 9HABITANTS ( ! COA/ ( ! SAME NAME1 9 MOD]N-DAY ,HONDURAS & ,NIC>AGUA4 ,CONTACT ) ! LAT] WAS TO A L>GE DEGREE MA9TA9$ VIA ! LOGWOOD SETTLEM5TS 9 ! ,BAYS ( ,CAMPE*E & ,HONDURAS4 ,!RE IS C]TA9LY EVID5CE = MAT]IAL 9FLU5CES ON ! ,EUROPEAN >RIVALS1 MO/ NOTABLY 9 =M ( ! ,C>IB PRACTICE ( SMOK+ MEAT 9 A BUCCAN1 :I* SUPPOS$LY GAVE ! BUCCANE]S !IR NAME1 ! COMMON BUCCANE] USAGE ( ,9DIAN DUG\T CANOES1 & ! LOGWOOD CUTT]S' & O!R ,C>IBBEAN R5EGADES' HABIT ( SLEEP+ 9 HAMMOCKS (F ! GR\ND4.<#b#h#d.> ,IT IS 9T]E/+ TO NOTE ,/EPH5 ,SNELD]S' SUGGE/ION ?AT 09 REACTION . ! ,C>IBS DEVELOP$ /RATEGIES ( PIRACY ?AT RESEMBL$ ?OSE ( ! BUCCANE]S4 ,9 !IR P]IAGUAS1 L>GE CANOES ?AT C>RI$ FIFTY OR SIXTY W>RIORS1 !Y MOV$ SWIFTLY AMONG DI/ANT ISL&S CONDUCT+ HIT & RUN RAIDS >M$ MA9LY ) ! B[ & >R[1 ) :I* !Y W]E AS SKILL$ AS ! BUCCANE]S ) !IR MUSKETS40.<#b#h#e.> ,IT IS H>D NOT TO WOND] :E!R IT WAS REALLY ! ,C>IBS :O W]E 9FLU5C$ BY ! BUCCANE]S4 ,C\LD IT NOT HAVE BE5 ! O!R WAY R\ND8 ,MAYBE IT WAS ! BUCCANE]S :O ADOPT$ ,C>IB RAID+ TE*NIQUES--TE*NIQUES :I*1 = ALL WE KN[1 PROBABLY PREC$$ ! COLONIAL ]A4 ,IS ?IS JU/ ANO!R OV]LOOK$ GIFT ! ,EUROPEANS RECEIV$ FROM ,AM]ICAN & ,C>IBBEAN ,9DIANS8.<#b#h#f.> ,9FLU5CES ON ! SOCIO-CULTURAL LEVEL >E MU* H>D] TO DET]M9E1 BUT SOME P>ALLELS >E NONE!LESS /RIK+4 ,:ILE ! TRADITIONAL =MS ( ! ,CUNA'S SOCIAL ORGANIZATION APPE> TOO /RATIFI$ = A COMP>ISON ) ,C>IBBEAN BUCCANE] & PIRATE COMMUNITIES1.<#b#h#g.> DESCRIPTIONS ( BO? ! ,C>IBS & ! ,MOSQUITO ,9DIANS SUGGE/ NON-AU?ORIT>IAN SOCIETIES 0DI/+UI%$ BY !IR S5SE ( DEMOCRACY & TA/E = EQUALITY40.<#b#h#h.> ,ACCORD+ TO ,IRV+ ,R\SE1 ! ,C>IBS 0RELI$ MORE UPON FI%+ ?AN UPON AGRICULTURE2 !IR VILLAGES W]E ONLY SEMIP]MAN5T2 !Y HAD MORE ELABORATE CANOES .AWAK.>2 PLAC$ GREAT] EMPHASIS UPON W>F>E2 *OOS+ !IR LEAD]S BY PR[ESS 9 FI ,IT W\LD )\T D\BT BE TOO BOLD TO CON/RUE A ,C>IB 9FLU5CE ON ! PRACTICES ( C]TA9 BUCCANE] CAPTA9S :O ALLEG$LY 5JOY$ GNAW+ ON !IR 5EMIES' HE>TS1.<#b#i.> BUT ALL O!R PO9TS LI/$ BY ,R\SE CAN ALSO BE APPLI$ TO ! BUCCANE]S & PIRATES 7AT LEA/ IF WE AGREE ?AT HUNT+ & RAID+ >E CLOS] TO FI%+ ?AN TO AGRICULTURE74 ,R\SE EV5 SPEAKS ( 0ELECT$ TEMPOR>Y W> *IEFS0.<#b#i#a.> AMONG ! ,C>IBS & CLAIMS3 0,AL?\< HE .IB *IEF.> WAS TREAT$ ) DEF]5CE1 HE HAD LITTLE AU?ORITY4 ,! ,C>IB M5 W]E 9DIVIDUALI/S1 & !Y LOOK$ D[N UPON ! ,EUROPEANS = TAK+ ORD]S40.<#b#i#b.> ,MANY FEATURES REPORT$ 9 CONNECTION ) ! ,MOSQUITO ,9DIANS-- APP>5TLY ! MO/ REGUL> ,9DIAN COMPANIONS ( ! BUCCANE]S & PIRATES.<#b#i#c.>--SEEM TO AGREE DEEPLY ) ! ,C>IBBEAN BUCCANE] & PIRATE CULTURE AS WELL4 ,!IR W>F>E WAS REPUT$LY HIY1 & !Y SEE1 9 ! DESCRIPTION ( ,PAUL ,KIR*H(F1 0A MAN :O HAS BE5 WRONG$ . A C[>D IF HE DOES NOT AV5GE HIMSELF0.<#b#i#d.>--A NOTION ) C5TRAL SIGNIFICANCE = GOLD5 AGE PIRATE E?ICS4.<#b#i#e.> ,:E!R !RE W]E 9DE$ SIGNIFICANT SOCIO-CULTURAL 9FLU5CES ( ! ,C>IBBEAN'S ,9DIAN PEOPLES ON ! BUCCANE]S & PIRATES REMA9S UNRESOLV$1 ?\< ATTEMPT+ TO F9D ANSW]S W\LD C]TA9LY MAKE = FASC9AT+ RESE>*4 #c4 0,SOCIAL ,ORIG9S10 OR ,! ,EUROPEAN ,LEGACY ,GOLD5 ,AGE ,PIRACY & ,CULTURAL ,/UDIES ,NOT ALL HI/ORIANS HAVE UND]/OOD ! CULTURE ( ! ,C>IBBEAN BUCCANE]S & PIRATES AS RADICALLY SEP>ATE FROM ! ,EUROPEAN CULTURE ?AT PROVID$ !IR BACKGR\NDS4 ,FRANKL9 ,W4 ,KNI4444,! BUCCANE]S DID NOT TRY1 AS DID ! ,AM]ICAN ,M>OONS1 TO CREATE A SEP>ATE CULTURE & SOCIETY4 ,BUCCANE]S HAD !IR CULTURE & KNEW !IR SOCIAL ORIG9S QUITE WELL4 ,:AT !Y S\DS ( !IR PR(ESSION1 RETURN$ TO ?OSE SOCIETIES4.<#b#i#f.> ,SU* AN ASSESSM5T SUGGE/S A /UDY ( GOLD5 AGE PIRACY AS A ,EUROPEAN SUBCULTURE RA!R ?AN AS ITS [N CULTURE4 ,! T]M SUBCULTURE IS ( C\RSE1 AS ,*RIS ,J5KS FITT+LY PUT IT1 0AN IDEA ) A HI ,SUBCULTURE ,/UDIES BUILD ON V>I\S DIFF]5T DEF9ITIONS ( ! CONCEPT4.<#b#i#h.> ,IT WILL BE US$ H]E 9 ITS WIDE/ COMMON S5SE3 AS A CULTURAL =M %[+ DI/9CTIVE FEATURES :ILE REMA9+ HEAVILY 9FLU5C$ & DEP5D5T ON ! MAJORITY CULTURE 9 :I* IT HAS DEVELOP$4 #c4#a4 ,FA%ION1 ,FOOD1 ,FUN1 ,L+O3 ,CIRCUMSCRIB+ ! ,PIRATE ,SUBCULTURE ,SOME G5]AL FEATURES ?AT (T5 DEM& 9ITIAL ATT5TION )9 ! /UDY ( SUBCULTURES >E DEMOGRAPHY1 /YLE1 & CULTURAL ID5TIFI]S4 ,AS WE HAVE SE51 NOT MU* IS KN[N AB\T ! ORIG9S ( ! BUCCANE]+ COMMUNITY4 ,?R\<\T ! DECADES1 H[EV]1 ITS DEMOGRAPHY BECAME MORE APP>5T & HAS BE5 DESCRIB$ ) SOME CONSI/5CY4 ,CORD+LY WRITES ?AT ! BUCCANE]S 09CLUD$ SOLDI]S & SEAM51 DES]T]S & RUNAWAY SLAVES1 CUT?ROATS & CRIM9ALS1 RELIGI\S REFUGEES1 & A CONSID]ABLE NUMB] ( \T-&-\T PIRATES10.<#b#i#i.> :ILE ,M>CUS ,R$IK] SUMM>IZES AS FOLL[S3 0,! E>LY MAK]S ( ! TRADITION W]E :AT ONE ,5GLI% (FICIAL 9 ! ,C>IBBEAN CALL$ '! \TCA/S ( ALL NATIONS'--CONVICTS1 PRO/ITUTES1 DEBTORS1 VAGABONDS1 ESCAP$ SLAVES & 9D5TUR$ S]VANTS1 RELIGI\S RADICALS1 & POLITICAL PRISON]S1 ALL ( :OM HAD MIGRAT$ OR BE5 EXIL$ TO ! NEW SETTLEM5TS 'BEYOND ! L9E4'0.<#c.> ,?IS BL5D ( \TSID]DOM W\LD LAT] /ILL *>ACT]IZE ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES :O1 9 ! WORDS ( ,PHILIP ,GOSSE1 W]E 0A QUE] LOT10.<#c#a.> 0A COLLECTION ( ! FLOTSAM & JETSAM ( ! SEAS40.<#c#b.> ,! AV]AGE AGE ( ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATE HAS BE5 E/IMAT$ AT TW5TY- SEV5 BY ,DAVID ,CORD+LY4.<#c#c.> ,IT MU/ BE ASSUM$ ?AT IT WAS SOME:AT HI<] AMONG ! BUCCANE]S--ESPECIALLY IF ONE EXT5DS ! BUCCANE] COMMUNITY TO !IR ACCOMPLICES & B5EFICI>IES A%ORE3 ! CROOK$ M]*ANTS1 SMUGGL]S1 & PRO/ITUTES4 ,IT WAS A COMMUNITY ?AT WAS PR$OM9ANTLY :ITE & ALMO/ EXCLUSIVELY MALE4 ,! FLAMBOYANT PIRATE FA%ION PROM95TLY FEATUR$ 9 ,H[>D ,PYLE'S PA9T+S1 9 ALL COMM]CIAL REPRES5TATIONS ( PIRACY1 & AT EV]Y ,M>DI ,GRAS SEEMS TO HAVE SOME HI/ORICAL GR\ND1 EV5 ?\< MANY DETAILS >E ALMO/ C]TA9LY FANCIFUL >TI/IC ADDITIONS4 ,IT SEEMS1 = EXAMPLE1 UNLIKELY ?AT PIRATES WORE E>R+S1 AT LEA/ NOT TO ! DEGREE HI 9 CONNECTION ) ! ,EUROPEAN EXPLORATION ( ! ,S\? ,PACIFIC--AN ]A :I* HAD H>DLY COMM5C$ :5 ! GOLD5 AGE ( PIRACY 5D$4.<#c#d.> ,!N AGA91 ,EUROPE'S [N TATTOO+ TRADITION NEV] DI$ \T COMPLETELY1.<#c#e.> PRACTICES ( TATTOO+ & SC>IFICATION >E REPORT$ FROM BO? ,C>IB & ,MOSQUITO ,9DIANS1.<#c#f.> & 9 #afia ! HEAVILY TATTOO$ ,JEOLY 7,GIOLO71 FROM ! ISL& ( ,MEANGIS 7MO/ PROBABLY TODAY'S ,MIANGAS1 ,9DONESIA'S NOR!RNMO/ ISL&71 >RIV$ ) ,WILLIAM ,DAMPI]'S CREW 9 ,LONDON4.<#c#g.> ,SO1 CONTR>Y TO :AT IS SOMETIMES >GU$1 IT IS DIFFICULT TO IMAG9E ?AT ! PRACTICE WAS ALTOGE!R UNKN[N TO GOLD5 AGE PIRATES4 ,MO/ HI/ORIANS SEEM TO AGREE ?AT PIRATES WORE1 AT LEA/ ON OCCASION1 ELABORATE CLO?+4 ,ROB]T ,C4 ,RIT*IE SUGGE/S ?AT ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES 0DELIY LEGISLATION40.<#c#h.> ,ONE ( ! MO/ DETAIL$ SUMM>Y ( ! PIRATES' FA%ION EXPLOITS CAN BE F\ND 9 ,/EPH5 ,SNELD]S' ,! ,DEVIL'S ,AN>*Y3 ,AT A TIME :5 SEAM5 G5]ALLY WORE %ORT BLUE JACKETS1 *ECK]$ %IRTS1 LONG CANVAS TR\S]S OR BAGGY BREE*ES1 R$ WAI/COATS1 & SC>VES >\ND !IR NECKS1 PIRATES ADD$ ALL K9DS ( PLUND]$ SILKS1 VELVETS1 & BROCADES TO !IR \TFITS--FL\T+ ! DRESS CODES ( ,EUROPEAN SOCIETY1 :]E LUXURY FABRICS W]E ONLY WORN BY ! UPP] CLASSES4 ,LABAT NOTES444 ?AT AFT] CAPTUR+ A CAIQUE1 ,CAPTA9 ,DANIEL'S M5 'DRESS$ !MSELVES UP 9 ALL K9DS ( F9E CLO!S1 & W]E A COMICAL SI\ND .<,AVES.> ,ISL& 9 FEA!R$ HATS1 WIGS1 SILK /OCK+S1 RIBBONS & O!R G>M5TS4' ,:5 ,COMPA5 F9ALLY RETURN$ TO ,HOLL& HIS M5 W]E 'RI*LY & CO/LY ATTIR$1' & HIS >MS W]E COV]$ ) GOLD JEWELRY4 ,ACCORD+ TO ,S5IOR1 ,COMPA5'S CONTEMPOR>Y1 ! ,5GLI% PIRATE ,KIT ,OLO>D1 DRESS$ HIMSELF '9 BLACK VELVET TR\S]S & JACKETS1 CRIMSON SILK SOCKS1 BLACK FELT HAT1 BR[N BE>D & %IRT COLL> EMBROID]$ 9 BLACK SILK4' ,PIRATE CAPTA9S WORE FLA%Y ADAPTATIONS ( ! CO/UMES ( G5TLEM5 9 A DELIB]ATE FL\T+ ( SOCIAL DRESS CODES ?AT EMPHASIZ$ ! PIRATES' P5*ANT = 5JOY+ ! MOM5T & TAUNT+ !IR SOCIAL 'BETT]S4'.<#c#i.> ,C]TA9 POPUL> REPRES5TATIONS ( GAUDY PIRATE DRESS MID W\LD HAVE BE5 LAU<$ \T ( ! ,C>IBBEAN40.<#c#a.> ,KON/AM ALSO *ALL5GES ! IDEA ?AT PIRATES WORE FANCY CLO?+ EV5 ON DECK4.<#c#a#a.> ,HE SEES ! PRACTICE CONF9$ TO L& EXCURSIONS & /RESSES ?AT 0AT SEA1 PRACTICALITY TOOK PREC$5CE OV] ELEGANCE0--:I* SUGGE/S ?AT DUR+ VOYAGE ! PIRATE APPE>ANCE W\LD NOT HAVE BE5 ALL ?AT DIFF]5T FROM ?AT ( ORD9>Y SAILORS4.<#c#a#b.> ,! /YLE ( ! ORIG9AL ,HISPANIOLA BUCCANE]S WAS A DIFF]5T /ORY ALTOGE!R4 ,ACCORD+ TO ,CORD+LY1 0!Y DRESS$ 9 LEA!R HIDES &1 ) !IR BUT*]S' KNIVES & BLOOD/A9$ APPE>ANCE1 LOOK$ & SMELL$ LIKE M5 FROM A SLAU ,AS F> AS O!R 7SUB7CULTURAL ID5TIFI]S >E CONC]N$1 ! ?REE MO/ NOT$ AMONG ! ,C>IBBEAN BUCCANE]S & PIRATES CONC]N FOOD_/DR9K1 5T]TA9M5T1 & LANGUAGE4 ,FOOD_/,DR9K ,PIRATE CUIS9E %\LD NOT BE OV]RAT$4 ,!RE >E A FAIR NUMB] ( 0PIRATE COOKBOOKS0 AVAILABLE1 BUT IT IS (T5 H>D TO SEE H[ !Y DIFF] FROM ORD9>Y ,C>IBBEAN OR ,MADAGASCAN COOKBOOKS4 ,ONE DI%1 H[EV]1 IS COMMONLY RECOGNIZ$ AS A PIRATE SPECIAL3 SALMAGUNDI4 ,ONE ( ! MORE SOPHI/ICAT$ DESCRIPTIONS READS AS FOLL[S3 ,MEAT ( ANY K9D--9CLUD+ TURTLE1 DUCK1 OR PIGEON--WAS ROA/$1 *OPP$ 9TO *UNKS1 & M>9AT$ 9 SPIC$ W9E4 ,IMPORT$ SALT$ MEAT1 H]R+1 & AN*OVIES ALSO W]E ADD$4 ,:5 READY TO S]VE1 ! SMOK$ & SALT$ MEATS W]E COMB9$ ) H>D-BOIL$ EGGS & :ATEV] FRE% OR PICKL$ VEGETABLES W]E AVAILABLE1 9CLUD+ PALM HE>TS1 CABBAGE1 MANGOES1 ONIONS1 & OLIVES4 ,! RESULT WAS /IRR$ TOGE!R ) OIL1 V9EG>1 G>LIC1 SALT1 PEPP]1 MU/>D SE$1 & O!R SEASON+S4.<#c#a#d.> ,:ILE ?IS DOES S\ND SOME:AT APPEAL+--AT LEA/ TO OMNIVORES--! ONLY O!R NOTABLE PIRATE SPECIAL DOES NOT3 0,9 TIMES ( SC>CITY !Y W\LD EAT CRACK]HA% --BROK5-UP %IP'S BISCUIT %AK5 9 A BAG ) ! WEEK'S LEFTOV]S40.<#c#a#e.> ,WOR? M5TION+ >E ALSO ! PIRATES' TABLE MANN]S--OR LACK !RE(4 ,$W>D ,LUCIE-,SMI? REPORTS3 0,ONE S\RCE GIVES A MO/ GRAPHIC DESCRIPTION ( PIRATICAL TABLE-MANN]S1 :I* BE>S \T ! IMPRESSION ( *AOS3 ',!Y EAT 9 A V]Y DISORD]LY MANN]1 MORE LIKE A K5NEL ( H\NDS ?AN LIKE M51 SNAT*+ & CAT*+ ! VICTUALS FROM ONE ANO!R444 ,IT SEEM$ ONE ( !IR *IEF DIV]SIONS &1 !Y SAID1 LOOK$ M>TIAL-LIKE4'0.<#c#a#f.> ,UNSURPRIS+LY--GIV5 ! POPUL> IMAGE--MORE BUCCANE] & PIRATE FOCUS WAS LAID ON DR9K4 ,H]E1 A FEW CLASSICS W]E CREAT$1 FIR/ & =EMO/1 RUMFU/IAN1 0A BL5D ( RAW EGGS1 SUG>1 %]RY1 G91 & BE]444NO RUM40.<#c#a#g.> ,O!R POPUL> PIRATE DR9KS 9CLUD$3 ,SIR ,CL\DESLEY1 0BR&Y MIX$ ) A LITTLE BE]1 FREQU5TLY SWEET5$ OR SPIC$1 ) AN ADD$ T\* ( LEMON JUICE0 7APP>5TLY CALL$ FLIP )\T ! LEMON72.<#c#a#h.> MOM1 A 0/RONG BE] MADE ( :EAT & OAT MALTS & FLAVOR$ ) H]BS20.<#c#a#i.> & BUMBOO1 ACCORD+ TO ,J5IF] ,G4 ,M>X1 0A CONCOCTION ( RUM1 WAT]1 SUG>1 & NUTMEG10.<#c#b.> ?\< ,PHILIP ,GOSSE MAKES ?IS ! TEETOTAL] PIRATE DR9K BY DESCRIB+ IT AS NO?+ BUT 0LIMES1 SUG> & WAT]0 & SUGGE/+ ?AT IT WAS 5JOY$ BY ! FEW 0DRY0 PIRATES4.<#c#b#a.> ,5T]TA9M5T ,!RE >E NO 9DICATIONS ?AT BUCCANE]S OR PIRATES EXCELL$ 9 ANY WAY 9 ! >TS4 ,MO/ ( !M REPORT$LY 5JOY$ MUSIC1 USUALLY PROVID$ BY MUSICIANS :O (T5 JO9$ !M AS =C$ M54 ,MUSICIANS AMONG ,B>?OLOMEW ,ROB]TS' >RE/$ CREW REPORT$ ILL-TREATM5T TO ! DEGREE :]E 0!IR FIDDLES & (T5 !IR HEADS BROKE1 ONLY = EXCUS+ !MSELVES OR SAY+ !Y W]E TIR$ :5 ANY FELL[ TOOK IT TO HIS HEAD TO DEM& A TUNE40.<#c#b#b.> ,AP>T FROM MUSIC & DR9K+1 0! PIRATES' ONLY O!R RECREATION WAS TO HOLD MOCK TRIALS10 AS ,NEVILLE ,WILLIAMS PUT IT4.<#c#b#c.> ,?IS UNIQUE TYPE ( POLITICAL SATIRE MITI/IC 9NOVATION4 ,CAPTA9 ,JOHNSON %>ES AN ACC\NT 0( !SE M]RY TRIALS0 ?AT HE F\ND 0DIV]T+0 9 ! ,G5]AL ,HI/ORY3 .<#c#b#d.> ,AFT] ! 0ATTORNEY-G5]AL0 PRES5TS JUDGE & JURY 0A SAD DOG1 A SAD1 SAD1 DOG0 :O 0NOT HAV+ ! FE> ( HANG+ BE=E HIS EYES444W5T ON ROBB+ & RAVI%+ MAN1 WOMAN & *ILD1 PLUND]+ %IPS' C>GOES =E & AFT1 BURN+ & S9K+ %IP1 B>K & BOAT1 AS IF ! DEVIL HAD BE5 9 HIM10 ! JUDGE TURNS TO ! PRISON]3 0,HE>KEE ME1 ,SIRRAH1 Y\ L\SY1 PITIFUL1 ILL-LOOK$ DOG2 :AT HAVE Y\ TO SAY :Y Y\ %\LD NOT BE TUCK$ UP IMM$IATELY & SET A-SUN-DRY+1 LIKE A SC>ECR[8 ,>E Y\ GUILTY OR NOT GUILTY80 ,! PRISON] PLEADS NOT GUILTY1 UPON :I* ! JUDGE REPLIES3 0,SAY SO AGA91 ,SIRRAH1 & ,I'LL HAVE Y\ HANG$ )\T ANY TRIAL40 ,ATTEMPTS BY ! PRISON] TO SPEAK 9 HIS DEF5SE >E REJECT$ BY ! JUDGE1 V]Y MU* TO ! DELI HIMSELF1 & ?AT'S AN AFFRONT TO ! C\RT40 ,TE 5D ( ! TRIAL IS WOR? QUOT+ AT L5G?3 ,PRIS43 ,PRAY1 MY ,LORD1 ,I HOPE Y\R ,LORD%IP WILL CONSID]- ,JUDGE3 ,CONSID]6 ,H[ D>E Y\ TALK ( CONSID]+8 ,SIRRAH1 ,SIRRAH1 ,I NEV] CONSID]$ 9 ALL MY LIFE4 ,I'LL MAKE IT TREASON TO CONSID]4 ,PRIS43 ,BUT ,I HOPE Y\R LORD%IP WILL HE> SOME REASON4 ,JUDGE3 ,D'YE HE> H[ ! SC\NDREL PRATES8 ,:AT HAVE WE TO DO ) REASON8 ,I'D HAVE Y\ KN[1 RASCAL1 WE DON'T SIT H]E TO HE> REASON2 WE GO ACCORD+ TO LAW4 ,IS \R D9N] READY8 ,ATOR4-,G543 ,YES1 MY LORD4 ,JUDGE3 ,!N HE>K'EE1 Y\ RASCAL AT ! B>1 HE> ME1 ,SIRRAH1 HE> ME4 ,Y\ MU/ SUFF] = ?REE REASONS2 FIR/1 BECAUSE IT IS NOT FIT ,I %\LD SIT H]E AS JUDGE & NOBODY BE HANG$2 SECONDLY1 Y\ MU/ BE HANG$ BECAUSE Y\ HAVE A DAMN$ HANG+ LOOK2 & ?IRDLY1 Y\ MU/ BE HANG$ BECAUSE ,I AM HUNGRY2 = KN[1 ,SIRRAH1 ?AT 'TIS A CU/OM ?AT :5EV] ! JUDGE'S D9N] IS READY BE=E ! TRIAL IS OV]1 ! PRISON] IS TO BE HANG$ ( C\RSE4 ,!RE'S LAW = Y\1 YE DOG6 ,SO TAKE HIM AWAY1 JAIL]4.<#c#b#e.> ,LANGUAGE ,TO DEVELOP ITS [N V]NACUL> & J>GON IS UND5IABLY A /RONG FEATURE ( ANY SUBCULTURE1 AS1 9 ! WORDS ( ,PET] ,LAMBORN ,WILSON1 0A LANGUAGE 7H[EV] CRUDE & JURY-RIGG$7 IS A CULTURE1 OR AT LEA/ ! SURE SIGN ( AN EM]G+ CULTURE40.<#c#b#f.> ,! ,C>IBBEAN BUCCANE]S & PIRATES NOT ONLY MIX$ DIFF]5T LANGUAGES )9 ! MULT9ATIONAL BUCCANE] & PIRATE COMMUNITIES 7,PHILIP ,GOSSE EV5 SPEAKS ( A 0SORT ( ,ESP]ANTO0.<#c#b#g.>71 BUT ALSO P>TOOK 9 ! DI/9CT LANGUAGE ( ! SEAF>]S4 ,! RESULT+ IDIOMS W]E FUR!R MODIFI$ AS ! ,C>IBBEAN BUCCANE]S & PIRATES =M$ AN EXCLUSIVE COMMUNITY ( HI< SEA RAID]S ) 0!IR [N SLANG & CODE WORDS40.<#c#b#h.> ,AMONG !SE1 CUSS WORDS APP>5TLY FEATUR$ PROM95TLY4 ,A PASS5G] ON A %IP TAK5 BY ,B>?OLOMEW ,ROB]TS' CREW REPORTS ?AT 0!RE WAS NO?+ HE>D AMONG ! PIRATES ALL ! :ILE1 BUT CURS+1 SWE>+1 DAM'+ & BLASPHEM+ TO ! GREATE/ DEGREE IMAG9ABLE40.<#c#b#i.> ,9 ?IS REG>D1 PIRATE ELOQU5CE MI$ TO ASK = HIS FRE$OM3 ,LOOK YE1 ,CAPTA9 ,ATK9SON1 IT IS NOT ?AT WE C>E A T-D = Y\R COMPANY1 ,G-D D-N YE2 ,G-D D-N MY S\L1 NOT A T-D BY ,G-D1 & ?AT'S FAIR2 BUT ,G-D D-N YE1 & ,G-D D-N'S B-D & W-DS IF Y\ DON'T ACT LIKE AN HONE/ 0,SOCIAL ,ORIG9S10 OR ,! ,EUROPEAN ,LEGACY MAN ,G-D D-N YE1 & (F] TO PLAY US ANY ROGUES' TRICKS BY ,G-D1 & ,G-D S9K ME1 BUT ,I'LL BL[ Y\R BRA9S \T4 ,G-D D-N ME1 IF ,I DON'T4.<#c#c.> #c4#b4 0,VILLA9S ( ALL ,NATIONS803 ,PIRACY & 7,TRANS7,NATIONALITY ,! ,C>IBBEAN BUCCANE]S' & PIRATES' RELATION TO ! CONCEPT ( ! NATION IS SOME:AT CURI\S4 ,!Y HAVE BE5 DESCRIB$ AS 0SUPRANATIONAL0.<#c#c#a.> & 0MULT9ATIONAL0.<#c#c#b.>--BUT ALSO AS AN 0\TLAW NATION40.<#c#c#c.> ,OBVI\SLY1 SOME ( !SE APP>5T CONTRADICTIONS CAN EASILY BE RESOLV$ BY ACKN[L$G+ DIFF]5T UND]/&+S ( ! T]M4 ,!RE IS A BASIC DIFF]5CE 9 :E!R 0NATION0 REF]S TO A 0NATION-/ATE0 OR TO A COMMUNITY ( PEOPLE ) A %>$ DE/9Y4 ,9 ! LAT] S5SE1 ,FRANK ,%]RY'S DESCRIPTION ( ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES AS AN 0\TLAW NATION0 DOES MAKE AS MU* S5SE AS ,/EPH5 ,SNELD]S' OR ,M>CUS ,R$IK]'S SUGGE/IONS ?AT ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES W]E ANTI-NATIONALI/ S9CE !Y DID NOT HOLD ! NATION-/ATE 9 HI< REG>D4 ,AS ?IS IS NOT ! PLACE TO V5TURE TOO DEEP 9TO A DISCUSSION ( ! MEAN+ & USAGE ( ! T]M1 ! FOLL[+ ANALYSIS WILL FOCUS ONLY ON ! RELATION ( ! ,C>IBBEAN BUCCANE]S & PIRATES TO ! NATION-/ATE4 ,?IS IS A CRUCIAL P>T ( !IR HI/ORY & ID5TITY1 & ONE ?AT APPE>S TO HAVE CREAT$ SOME MISUND]/&+S4 ,! BIGGE/ ( !SE IS ! ASS]TION ?AT ! ,C>IBBEAN BUCCANE]S DEVELOP$ A CULTURE ?AT 9DE$ W5T BEYOND ! NATION-/ATE CONCEPT4 ,?IS SEEMS TO HAVE BECOME A COMMONPLACE VIEW AMONG RADICALS SYMPA?IZ+ ) ! BUCCANE] & PIRATE CULTURE1 ?\< !RE IS LITLE EVID5CE TO SUPPORT IT4 ,9 FACT1 AVAILABLE EVID5CE 9DICATES RA!R ! OPPOSITE4 ,P>T ( ! PROBLEM LIES 9 WRONG ASSUMPTIONS4 ,! AU?ORS ( 0,PIRATE ,UTOPIA10 = EXAMPLE1 WRITE3 0,! ,C>IBBEAN ISL&S 9 ! SECOND HALF ( ! #a#g? C5TURY W]E A MELT+ POT ( REBELLI\S & PAUP]IZ$ IMMIGRANTS FROM ACROSS ! WORLD40.<#c#c#d.> ,?IS IS A RA!R BOLD /ATEM5T4 ,ASIDE FROM ! CONTROV]SIAL DESCRIPTION ( 0REBELLI\S & PAUP]IZ$10 ! VA/ MAJORITY ( ! PEOPLE :O MIGRAT$ TO ! ,C>IBBEAN 9 ! #a#g? C5TURY CAME FROM ,SPA91 ! ,BRITI% ,ISLES1 & ,FRANCE4 ,!RE W]E SMALL NUMB]S ( ,DUT* & ,SC&9AVIANS1 & A SMAT]+ ( 9DIVIDUALS FROM O!R ,EUROPEAN C\NTRIES :O F\ND !IR WAY TO ! PORTS ( ! ,EUROPEAN ,ATLANTIC COA/ & >RANG$ A PASSAGE TO ! ,WE/ ,9DIES4 ,( C\RSE1 !RE W]E ! ,AFRICAN SLAVES :O >RIV$ 9 EV] GREAT] NUMB]S T[>DS ! 5D ( ! C5TURY1 BUT TO C\NT !M AS P>T ( A 0MELT+ POT0 & A COMMUNITY ( 0IMMIGRANTS0 APPE>S ALMO/ CYNICAL4 ,! BUCCANE] COMMUNITIES REFLECT$ ! G5]AL MIGRANT PAT]NS ( ! ,C>IBBEAN4 ,IT IS TRUE ?AT M5 ( SOME NATIONS UNIT$ AS BUCCANE]S1 BUT !RE W]E NOT MANY4 ,AT LEA/ #h P]C5T ( ! BUCCANE]S SEEM$ TO HAVE BE5 ,5GLI%1 ,FR5*1 OR ,DUT*1 ! RE/ CONSI/+ MA9LY ( ,SCOTS1 ,IRI%M51 ,PORTUGUESE1 & ,SC&9AVIANS4 ,MO/ NON-,EUROPEAN M5 :O LIV$ AMONG ! BUCCANE]S WORK$ = !M AS SLAVES4 ,FUR!RMORE1 MANY ( ! BUCCANE]S UNIT$ BECAUSE !Y %>$ A COMMON S5TIM5T3 NAMELY1 0A BIT] HATR$0 ( ! ,SPANI%4.<#c#c#e.> ,9 ?IS S5SE1 CALL+ !IR UNION A TRANSNATIONAL MODEL W\LD BE SIMIL> TO HAIL+ ! ALLI$ =CES DUR+ ,WORLD ,W> II AS TRANSNATIONALI/S4 ,/ILL1 SOME RADICAL COMM5TATORS APPE> SO CONV9C$ ( ! ALLEG$ BUCCANE] & PIRATE ANTI-NATIONALISM ?AT !Y (F] CONTRADICTIONS 9 T]MS3 0,AS LONG AS !Y C\LD HUNT ,SPANI>DS IT DIDN'T MAT] TO !M :E!R !Y DID SO ) ,5GLI%1 ,FR5*1 ,DUT*1 OR ,PORTUGUESE PRIVATE]+ COMMISSIONS4 ,!Y W]E NOT 9T]E/$ 91 & ABSOLUTELY UNWILL+ TO DIE =1 ! 9T]/ATE RIVALRIES ( ! ,EUROPEAN P[]S40.<#c#c#f.> ,! REALITY ( ! OPPORTU- NI/IC POLITICS 9 ! COLONIAL ,C>IBBEAN SEEMS MU* MORE APTLY ILLU/RAT$ BY ! FOLL[+ ANECDOTE3 0.<,! ,FR5* & ,5GLI%.> COMB9$ V]Y AMICABLY 9 A MURD]\S ATACK UPON ! NATIVES1 & !N FELL TO QU>REL+ AB\T ! POSSESSION ( AN ISL& TO ! S\?40.<#c#c#g.> ,IT APPE>S ?AT NATIONAL UNITIES AMONG ! BUCCANE]S W]E AS PRAGMATIC & EPHEM]AL AS NATIONAL ALLIANCES 9 TIMES ( W>4 ,IT IS !RE=E NOT SURPRIS+ ?AT ! COMPOSITION ( BUCCANE] CREWS *ANG$ ) ! POLITICAL 7COLONIAL7 CLIMATE 9 ! ,C>IBBEAN4 ,AS ,PET] ,E>LE WRITES 9 CONNECTION ) ! ,N9E ,YE>S ,W> 7#a#f#h#i TO #a#f#i#g73 0,=M] PIRATE N[ F\ ,ACCORD+LY1 MANY BUCCANE]S--MO/ FAM\SLY ! KNIE CONFIRM$ TO ?IS DAY4 ,REC5T ,U,S REPR9TS ( ,PHILIP ,GOSSE'S PIRATE BOOKS READ ON ! BACK COV]3 ,! AU?OR HAS ALSO 5DEAVOR$ TO PO9T \T ! TREM5D\S 9FLU5CE ( ! BUCCANE]S UPON \R C\NTRY & PEOPLE4 ,HAD IT NOT BE5 = !SE PICTURESQUE SEA ROV]S1 ,5GL& W\LD HAVE BE5 H>D PRESS$ TO RETA9 H] HOLD 9 ! ,NEW ,WORLD1 & ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES MIGELY DUE TO ! SEA ROV]S &1 NO MAT] H[ DESPICABLE !Y W]E 9 MANY WAYS1 WE CANNOT FAIL TO FEEL A DEBT ( GRATITUDE TO ! BUCCANE]S4.<#c#c#i.> ,! BUCCANE]S' NATIONAL ALLEGIANCES BECAME P>TICUL>LY OBVI\S AFT] ! ,5GLI% TAKEOV] ( ,JAMAICA 9 #a#f#e#e4 ,FROM ?IS YE> ON1 ! ,5GLI% & ,FR5* BUCCANE]S W]E /RONGLY DIVID$ ALONG NATIONAL L9ES4 ,ANGUS ,KON/AM /ATES ?AT 0:ILE BUCCANE]S ALWAYS F\ ,9 FACT1 MUTUAL RAIDS BECOME SO FREQU5T ?AT 0NEI!R ! ,FR5* 9 ,TORTUGA NOR ! ,5GLI% 9 ,PORT ,ROYAL C\LD SUPPRESS !IR [N PIRATES UNLESS !Y C\LD BE SURE ?AT ! O!R SIDE W\LD DO ! SAME40.<#c#d#a.> ,= MANY DECADES1 0BUCCANE]S DID NOT USUALLY ATACK ! COLONY FROM :I* ! LEAD] ( ! B& ORIG9AT$ OR ! CITIZ5S RELAT$ 9 NATIONALITY OR CULTURE TO ! MAJORITY ( ! MEMB]S40.<#c#d#b.> ,M5 LIKE ,J]EMIE ,DES*AMPS1 :O 0OBTA9$444 SIMULTANE\S COMMISSIONS FROM BO? ! ,5GLI% & ! ,FR5* & SUCCESSFULLY PLAY$ ONE P[] AGA9/ ! O!R10.<#c#d#c.> W]E C]TA9LY ! EXCEPTION4 ,SOME BUCCANE]S--MO/LY ?OSE OPPRESS$ BY ! ,5GLI% OR ,FR5* AT HOME--EV5 SID$ ) ! ,SPANI%4 ,IRI% CAPTA9S WORK+ 9 ! ,SPANI% FLEET W]E P>TICUL>LY PROM95T1 LIKE ,DON ,PHILIP ,FITZ-,G]ALD1.<#c#d#d.> OR ,JOHN ,MURPHY :O GUID$ ! ,SPANI% ATACKS ON ,TORTUGA 9 #a#f#c#d_/#c#e4.<#c#d#e.> ,A HI/ORIAN'S DESCRIPTION ( ! CREWS ( ,SPANI% PRIVATE]S 9 ! #a#f#hS 9CLUDES 0,CORSICANS1 ,SLAVONIANS1 ,GREEKS40.<#c#d#f.> ,SLAVONIANS & ,GREEKS W]E H>DLY HE>D ( 9 ! ,5GLI% & ,FR5* DOM9AT$ BUCCANE] CREWS1 & ! PRES5CE ( ,CORSICANS AMONG ! ,SPANI% W\LD 9DICATE A TRANSPOSITION ( !IR ANIMOSITY T[>DS ! ,FR5* COLONIZ]S ( !IR ISL& 9TO ! ,WE/ ,9DIES4 ,! EV5TUAL REJECTION ( ANY NATIONAL ALLEGIANCE M>KS ! BIGGE/ DIFF]5CE BETWE5 ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES & ! BUCCANE]S :O PREC$$ !M4 ,AMONG ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES1 ! ANTI-NATIONAL NOTION BECOMES /RONG]1 NOT LEA/ 9 ! ADOPTION ( ! ,JOLLY ,ROG] AS !IR TRULY TRANSNATIONAL SYMBOL4 ,SOME GOLD5 AGE PIRATES MI & 0AS PEOPLE )\T A NATION40.<#c#d#h.> ,:5 =MULAT$ CATEGORICALLY1 H[EV]1 ! FOLL[+ ASSUMPTIONS /ILL APPE> PROBLEMATIC3 0,PIRATES D\BLY DEFI$ ! NATIONALI/ LOGIC444FIR/ BY =M+ !MSELVES ( ! '\TCA/S ( ALL NATIONS' 7MIX+ TOGE!R ! SEAF>]S ( ALL C\NTRIES1 AS SUGGE/$ E>LI]71 & SECOND BY ATACK+ VESSELS REG>DLESS ( ! FLAG FLY+ AT ! MA9MA/1 MAK+ ALL NATIONS & !IR %IPP+ EQUAL PREY40.<#c#d#i.> ,FIR/1 ! COMPOSITION ( GOLD5 AGE PIRATE CREWS APPE>S NOT TO HAVE DIFF]$ ALL ?AT MU* FROM ?OSE ( BUCCANE] CREWS4 ,ANGLO-,AM]ICAN SAILORS1 9 FACT1 APPE>$ P>TICUL>LY DOM9ANT N[4 ,IF ! ANALYSIS ( ,DAVID ,CORD+LY IS TO BE BELIEV$1 !N 0( ! #g KN[N PIRATES :O W]E ACTIVE 9 ! ,C>IBBEAN BETWE5 #agae & #a#g#b#e1 ALMO/ ALL CAME FROM ! ,5GLI%-SPEAK+ ,ATLANTIC & ,C>IBBEAN BAS94 ,5GLI%M5 ACC\NT$ = ! MAJORITY1 AT #ce P]C5T2 #be P]C5T W]E ,AM]ICAN1 #b P]C5T CAME FROM ! ,WE/ ,9DIES1 #a P]C5T W]E ,SCOTI%1 & #h P]C5T W]E FROM O!R SEAF>+ C\NTRIES1 SU* AS ,SW$51 ,HOLL&1 ,FRANCE1 & ,SPA940.<#c#e.> ,SOME HI/ORIANS EV5 SUGGE/ ?AT ! ,CROSS ( ,/4 ,GEORGE WAS /ILL FL[N ON OCCASION1 ALONGSIDE ! ,JOLLY ,ROG] 7& NOT AS A DECOY AS MANY O!R FLAGS W]E74.<#c#e#a.> ,SECOND1 PIRATE CAPTA9S & CREWS W]E C]TA9LY NOT BEYOND NATIONAL PREJUDICE1 ESPECIALLY ) RESPECT TO ! ,SPANI%4 ,B>?OLOMEW ,ROB]TS & HIS CREW1 = EXAMPLE1 W]E SAID TO HATE M5 FROM ,BRI/OL 7,I DON'T KN[ :Y7 AS MU* 0AS !Y DO ! ,SPANI>DS40.<#c#e#b.> ,ROB]TS APP>5TLY ALSO HELD A GRUDGE AGA9/ ! ,IRI%1.<#c#e#c.> NOT TO M5TION ! HATR$ T[>DS FOLKS FROM ,B>BADOS & ,M>T9IQUE DOCUM5T$ ON HIS FLAG ?AT M>K$ TWO SKULLS ,A,B,H1 0A ,B>BADIAN'S HEAD10 & ,A,M,H1 0A ,M>T9ICAN'S HEAD10 RESPECTIVELY4 ,AT ! SAME TIME1 IT IS )\T D\BT TRUE ?AT 09 A WORLD 9CREAS+LY DOM9AT$ BY ! NATION-/ATE SY/EM1 IT BECAME AN ISSUE ( FIR/ IMPORTANCE ?AT PIRATES 'HAD NOT ANY ,COMMISSION FROM ANY ,PR9CE OR ,POT5TATE1'0.<#c#e#d.> & ?AT !Y POS$ A SIGNIFICANT ?REAT TO ! NATION-/ATE--BO? CONFIRM$ BY !IR REPUTATION AS 0B&ITI ( ALL NATIONS0.<#c#e#e.> & ! FACT ?AT LEGAL S*OL>S HAVE CALL$ PIRACY ! 0FIR/ 9T]NATIONAL CRIME40.<#c#e#f.> ,!RE >E ALSO EXAMPLES ( PIRATE CREWS ?AT SEEM TO HAVE TRULY TRANSC5D$ NATIONAL RIVALRIES4 ,NEVILLE ,WILLIAMS TELLS US ?AT ! CREW ( ,AUGU/9O ,BLANCO1 A ,SPANI% PIRATE :O OP]AT$ FROM ! ,BAHAMAS = TW5TY YE>S1 0CONSI/$ ( ,5GLI%1 ,SCOTS1 ,SPANI>DS1 ,PORTUGUESE1 MULATOS & NEGROES40.<#c#e#g.> ,FUR!RMORE1 WE MU/ NOT =GET ! SYMBOLIC SIGNIFICANCE ( A FREE-ROAM+ COMMUNITY UND] A NON- NATION-/ATE FLAG1 ESPECIALLY 9 LI TO CROSS BORD]S UND] HAZ>D\S CIRCUM/ANCES4 ,MANY ( !SE PEOPLE DO NOT SURVIVE !SE CROSS+S--SOME ( !M DR[N 9 ! V]Y WAT]S ?AT ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES ONCE PR\DLY ROAM$4 ,BY TAUNT+ ! NATION-/ATE1 ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES EXPRESS$ A SIMPLE TRU?3 NAMELY1 ?AT 0IT SIGNIFI$ NO?+ :AT P>T ( ! ,WORLD A MAN LIV'D 91 SO HE ,LIV'D WELL4'0.<#c#e#h.> #c4#c4 ,SATANI/S & ,SABBAT>IANS3 ,PIRACY & ,RELIGION ,! HATR$ EXPRESS$ BY MANY ,EUROPEAN P[]S 7& 9DIVIDUALS7 AGA9/ ! ,SPANI% WAS (T5 COAT$ 9 RELIGI\S T]MS4 ,= ,ANGUS ,KON/AM1 ! ,5GLI% PRIVATE]S ( ! #a#f? C5TURY ALREADY COMB9$ 0RELIGI\S & NATIONAL RIVALRY ) GRE$40.<#c#e#i.> ,HANS ,TURLEY CALLS ! HATR$ ( ,CA?OLICS A 0PR9CIPLE0 AMONG ! BUCCANE]S1.<#c#f.> TO ! DEGREE :]E ?OSE TORTUR$ & MURD]$ DUR+ ! RAID ON ,PANAMA 9 #a#f#g#a1 0W]E NOT SE5 AS 9DIVIDUALS BY ,MORGAN & ! O!R BUCCANE]S . W]E LUMP$ TOGE!R AS ,SPANI% ,CA?OLICS1 HAT$ BY LATE-SEV5TE5?-C5TURY ,5GLI% READ]S LE]Y ( 'POPI% PLOTS4'0.<#c#f#a.> ,/EPH5 ,SNELD]S /ATES ?AT ! BUCCANE]S' 0MOTIVATION WAS AS MU* LU/ = BOOTY AS HATR$ ( ,SPANI>DS & ,CA?OLICS10.<#c#f#b.> & ! 9TRODUCTION TO ,H[>D ,PYLE'S ,BOOK ( ,PIRATES ADDS--9 *>ACT]I/ICALLY DRAMATIC MANN]--?AT 09 ?IS LEFT-H&$ W> AGA9/ ,CA?OLIC ,SPA9 MANY ( ! ADV5TUR]S W]E1 NO D\BT1 /IRR$ & 9CIT$ BY A GRIM1 ,CALV9I/IC1 PURITANICAL ZEAL = ,PROTE/ANTISM40.<#c#f#c.> ,IT IS NOT SURPRIS+ !N1 ?AT ! BUCCANE]S HAVE ALSO BE5 REF]R$ TO AS 0CORS>IOS LUT]ANOS40.<#c#f#d.> ,9 ?IS S5SE1 ! KILL+ ( MONKS1 FRI>S OR PRIE/S.<#c#f#e.> \D ,5GLI% PIRATE %IPS40.<#c#f#f.> ,! ANTI-,CA?OLIC F]VOR ( ! ,PROTE/ANT BUCCANE]S WAS (T5 JU/IFI$ AS A REACTION TO ! ,SPANI% OPPRESSION ( ! ,9DIAN COMMUNITIES4.<#c#f#g.> ,IT IS SAID ?AT ,MONTB>S ! ,EXT]M9ATOR1 ONE ( ! CRUELE/ BUCCANE] CAPTA9S ( LEG5D1 0JO9$ ! BUCCANE]S AFT] READ+ A BOOK :I* RECORD$ ! CRUELTY ( ! ,SPANI>DS TO ! ,AM]ICAN NATIVES40.<#c#f#h.> ,H[EV]1 IT SEEMS SOME:AT SURPRIS+ ?AT PEOPLE :O !MSELVES RAID$ ,9DIAN SETLEM5TS & KEPT ,9DIAN SLAVES W\LD HAVE BE5 SO SC&ALIZ$ BY ! ,SPANI>DS DO+ ! SAME4 ,ONE CANNOT HELP BUT SUSPECT ?AT !SE /ORIES MO/LY EM]G$ AS P>T ( ! SO-CALL$ ,BLACK ,LEG5D--! DELIB]ATE DI/ORTION ( ,SPANI% CULTURE1 CONDUCT1 & POLITICS BY !IR RIVAL P[]S 9 ! #a#f? & #a#g? C5TURIES4 ,! CONTROV]SY >\ND :E!R ,SPA9 DES]V$ ! ACCUSATIONS LEVI$ AGA9/ IT1 OR :E!R IT WAS ! VICTIM ( IDEOLOGICAL PROPAG&A1 REMA9S UNRESOLV$4 ,ASSUMPTIONS ?AT ! ,SPANI% W]E ! WOR/ ( ALL ,EUROPEAN COLONIZ]S SEEM RA!R SIMPLI/IC1 H[EV]1 ASIDE FROM ! CONSID]ATION ?AT ! RANK+ ( ATROCITIES IS A V]Y DUBI\S ACT 9 ITSELF4 ,RELIGI\S ADH]5CE AMONG ,CA?OLIC BUCCANE]S--:O (T5 =M$ !IR [N UNITS.<#c#f#i.>--WAS /RONG AS WELL4 ,! ,FR5* ,CA?OLIC BUCCANE] CREWS ( ! LATE #a#g? C5TURY W]E SAID TO KEEP !IR [N PRIE/S4.<#c#g.> ,FAM\S IS ! /ORY ( ,CAPTA9 ,DANIEL %OOT+ A MEMB] ( HIS CREW :O HAD APPE>$ 9AT5TIVE DUR+ MASS & RESPOND$ TO A REBUKE ) A BLASPHEMY4.<#c#g#a.> ,JOHN ,MASEFIELD'S SUGGE/ION ?AT 0NO CREW PUT TO SEA UPON A CRUISE )\T FIR/ GO+ TO *UR* TO ASK A BLESS+ ON !IR 5T]PRISE0.<#c#g#b.> MAY BE EXAGG]AT$1 BUT ,*RI/IAN ID5TITY WAS C]TA9LY IMPORTANT = MANY BUCCANE]S & PIRATES4 ,PHILIP ,GOSSE ATRIBUTES ! UPRIS+ AGA9/ ,CAPTA9 ,%>P 9 #afha 7DOCUM5T$ 9 ,BASIL ,R+ROSE'S ACC\NT ( ! J\RNEY.<#c#g#c.>7 TO ! CAPTA9'S 0UNGODL9ESS40.<#c#g#d.> ,ACCORD+ TO ,CAPTA9 ,JOHNSON1 DUR+ ! GOLD5 AGE1 ! >TICLES ( EA* PIRATE CREW W]E USUALLY SWORN UPON ! ,BIBLE1.<#c#g#e.> & SOME PIRATE CAPTA9S1 MO/ NOTABLY ! 0WOR%IPFUL ,MR4 ,ROB]TS10.<#c#g#f.> W]E KN[N 0,SABBAT>IANS40.<#c#g#g.> 7,ONCE1 ,ROB]TS' CREW APP>5TLY TRI$ TO WOO A CL]GYMAN TRAVEL+ ON A TAK5 VESSEL 9TO JO9+ !M &1 UPON HIS REFUSAL1 0KEPT NO?+ :I* BELONG$ TO ! *UR*1 EXCEPT ?REE PRAY] BOOKS & A BOTTLE-SCREW40.<#c#g#h.>7 ,! ,PROTE/ANT-,CA?OLIC RIVALRIES HAD NOT DISAPPE>$ EI!R4 ,CAPTA9 ,COND5T APP>5TLY HUMILIAT$ CAPTUR$ PRIE/S BECAUSE ,COND5T'S MA/] HAD BE5 A PAPI/4.<#c#g#i.> ,TO ,NA?ANIEL ,NOR?1 PAPI/S /ILL SEEM$ BET] ?AN 9FIDELS1 H[EV]4 ,AFT] HE & HIS CREW HAD A NUMB] ( *ILDR5 ) ,MADAGASCAN WOM51 HE DECID$ TO 0PLACE =TUNES = !M 9 ! H&S ( SOME HONE/ PRIE/1 :O W\LD GIVE !M A ,*RI/IAN $UCATION 7= HE ?\ ,!RE >E ALSO REF]5CES TO PIRATES :O V5TUR$ 9TO ! ,R$ ,SEA BECAUSE !Y MEANT TO ATACK NON-,*RI/IAN %IPS3 ONE ( !M /AT$ AT HIS TRIAL ?AT IT SEEM$ 0V]Y LAWFUL444 TO PLUND] %IPS & GOODS ETC41 BELONG+ TO ! 5EMIES ( ,*RI/IANITY20 ANO!R 0PROPOS$ TO MUT9Y & CRUISE 9 ! ,R$ ,SEA1 '=1 SAID HE1 !RE CAN BE NO H>M 9 ROBB+ ?OSE ,MAHOMETANS2'0.<#c#h#a.> F9ALLY1 ONE ,D>BY ,MULL9S WAS CONV9C$ TO 5GAGE 9 PIRACY BY 0IT BE+ URG$ ?AT ! ROBB+ ONLY ( 9FIDELS1 ! 5EMIES ( ,*RI/IANITY1 WAS AN ACT1 NOT ONLY LAWFUL1 BUT ONE HI ,SU* >GUM5TS W]E NOT WELCOME BY ALL PIRATES ?\<4 ,PHILIP ,GOSSE TELLS US ?AT ONE PIRATE CREW ?REW !IR CAPTA9 9 IRONS AFT] HE HAD REFUS$ TO ATACK A ,DUT* M]*ANTMAN & DECL>$ ?AT HE ONLY WANT$ TO ATACK 0,MOORI% %IPS40 7,LAT]1 ! CAPTA9'S 0SCRUPLES AGA9/ TAK+ ,*RI/IAN %IPS EAS$ 5\< TO P]MIT HIM TO BAG A BRACE ( ,5GLI% %IPS407.<#c#h#c.> ,ALONGSIDE TALES AB\T PIRATE ADAPTATIONS ( ,*RI/IANITY1 !RE >E ALSO ?OSE ( REJECTION1 RIDICULE1 & D]ISION4 ,! POOR ,FR5* BUCCANE] KILL$ BY HIS CAPTA9 = LACK ( REV]5CE DUR+ MASS HAS ALREADY BE5 M5TION$4 ,DAVID ,CORD+LY TELLS ! /ORY ( ONE ,DOLZELL1 0A =TY-TWO-YE>-OLD ,SCOTSMAN DESCRIB$ BY ! ,ORD9>Y AS P]NICI\S & DANG]\S1 .<:O.> REFUS$ TO LOOK AT ! ,BIBLE & ?REAT5$ TO TE> IT UP10.<#c#h#d.> & /ATES ?AT 0A SURPRIS+ NUMB] ( PIRATES %[$ DEFIANCE AT ! 5D & REFUS$ TO DIE 9 ! CONTRITE & P5IT5T MANN] EXPECT$ ( !M40.<#c#h#e.> ,CAPTA9 ,JOHNSON RELATES ?AT DUR+ ! MUT9Y ON ! ,ELIZABE?1 ONE ,ALEX&] ,MIT*EL TOLD ! CAPTA91 0,D-N Y\R BLOOD444NO PREA*+10 BE=E HIS CO-MUT9E] & LAT] PIRATE CAPTA9 ,WILLIAM ,FLY 9T]F]$3 0,DAMN HIM1 ANSW]$ ,FLY1 S9CE HE'S SO DEVILI% GODLY1 WE'LL GIVE HIM TIME TO SAY HIS PRAY]S1 & ,I'LL BE P>SON4 ,SAY AFT] ME4 ,LORD1 HAVE M]CY ON ME4 ,%ORT PRAY]S >E BE/1 SO NO MORE WORDS1 & OV] ) HIM1 MY LADS40 ,!N1 0! CAPTA9 /ILL CRI$ = M]CY1 & BEGG$ AN H\R'S RESPITE ONLY1 BUT ALL 9 VA92 HE WAS SEIZ$ BY ! VILLA9S1 & ?R[N OV]BO>D40.<#c#h#f.> ,SIMIL> ATITUDES SEEM$ TO HAVE BE5 DOM9ANT AMONG ! CREW ( ,CAPTA9 ,JOHN ,G[4 ,ACCORD+ TO ,JOHNSON1 ON ONE OCCASION ONE ( !IR VICTIMS 0DESIR$ E>NE/LY TO LIVE TILL HE HAD SAID HIS PRAY]S1 BUT ! VILLA9S NOT MOV$ !REAT1 SAID1 ,D--N Y\1 ?IS IS NO TIME TO PRAY1 & SO %OT HIM DEAD40.<#c#h#g.> ,!SE ANECDOTES PORTRAY ! PIRATES 9 A WAY 9 :I* MANY RADICALS FANCY !M3 SECUL>1 SACRILEGI\S1 ANTI-CL]ICAL4 ,M>CUS ,R$IK] SUGGE/S ?AT SOME PIRATES 9DE$ 0EMBRAC$ ,LUCIF]1 ! MO/ REBELLI\S ( ANGELS10.<#c#h#h.> & ,CAPTA9 ,JOHNSON SAYS ( ,BLACKBE>D ?AT 0SOME ( HIS FROLICS ( WICK$NESS W]E SO EXTRAVAGANT AS IF HE AIM$ AT MAK+ HIS M5 BELIEVE HE WAS A DEVIL 9C>NATE40.<#c#h#i.> ,H[EV]1 :5 ! PIRATES 09V]T$ ! VALUES ( ,*RI/IANITY0.<#c#i.> & 0TURN$ ! RELIGI\S WORLD1 LIKE ! SOCIAL WORLD1 UPSIDE D[N10.<#c#i#a.> !Y ONLY CONFIRM$ H[ DEEPLY ROOT$ 9 ! ,*RI/IAN TRADITION !IR CULTURE WAS4 ,! ,JOLLY ,ROG] MI PLAY$ ) !SE GODLY SYMBOLS1 DREW ON !IR P[]1 MANIPULAT$ & 9V]T$ !M1 & GAVE !M NEW MEAN+S D]IV$ FROM !IR [N M>ITIME EXP]I5CE40.<#c#i#b.> ,POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE1 REV]5T OR DEFIANT1 E>NE/ OR MOCK+1 ,*RI/IAN SYMBOLISM /OOD AT ! HE>T ( GOLD5 AGE PIRATE CULTURE4 ,/EPH5 ,SNELD]S' OBS]VATION ?AT 09 A SOCIETY :]E ALL SOCIAL RELATION%IPS >E LAD5 ) RELIGI\S IDEOLOGY1 H]ESY & APO/ACY >E BO? POLITICAL *OICES & MODES ( SOCIAL REBELLION0.<#c#i#c.> ONLY CONFIRMS ?IS--AS DOES ! DEP5D5CE ON ! D>K SIDE ( ,*RI/IANITY TO 9DUCE FE>3 0,9 ANN\NC+ ?AT !Y W]E ON !IR WAY TO HELL1 PIRATES AFFIRM$ :AT RESPECTABLE1 ,GOD-FE>+ PEOPLE NEV] TIR$ SAY+ AB\T !M--?AT !Y W]E DEVILS1 ALL B\ND = HELL40.<#c#i#d.> ,PIRATE SATANISM WAS1 H[EV]1 NOT ! ONLY POSSIBLE WAY TO R5D] ! PIRATES' ,*RI/IAN ATA*M5TS SUBV]SIVE4 ,! RA!R REVOLUTION>Y ,DEISM *AMPION$ BY ,CAPTA9 ,MISSON & HIS 0LEWD PRIE/0.<#c#i#e.> SIDEKICK ,C>ACCIOLI WAS PROBABLY AN 9V5TION ( ,CAPTA9 ,JOHNSON1 BUT ) RESPECT TO BUCCANE]S ! FOLL[+ OBS]VATION MI? :]EON !Y LIV$ HAD NO MA/]S ?AN !MSELVES40.<#c#i#f.> #c4#d4 ,A ,COLORFUL ,ATLANTIC8 ,PIRACY & ,RACE ,PAUL ,GILROY1 9 HIS SEM9AL /UDY ,! ,BLACK ,ATLANTIC1 CONT5DS3 ,I HAVE SETL$ ON ! IMAGE ( %IPS 9 MOTION ACROSS ! SPACES BETWE5 ,EUROPE1 ,AM]ICA1 ,AFRICA1 & ! ,C>IBBEAN AS A C5TRAL ORGANIZ+ SYMBOL = ?IS 5T]PRISE & AS MY />T+ PO9T4 ,! IMAGE ( ! %IP--A LIV+1 MICRO-CULTURAL1 MICRO-POLITICAL SY/EM 9 MOTION--IS ESPECIALLY IMPORTANT = HI/ORICAL & !ORETICAL REASONS ?AT ,I HOPE WILL BECOME CLE>] BEL[4444 ,IT %\LD BE EMPHASIZ$ ?AT %IPS W]E ! LIV+ MEANS BY :I* ! PO9TS )9 ! ,ATLANTIC WORLD W]E JO9$4 ,!Y W]E MOBILE ELEM5TS ?AT /OOD = ! %IFT+ SPACES 9 BETWE5 ! FIX$ PLACES ?AT !Y CONNECT$4 ,ACCORD+LY !Y NE$ TO BE ?\ TRADE4 ,!Y W]E SOME?+ MORE--A MEANS TO CONDUCT POLITICAL DISS5T & POSSIBLY A DI/9CT MODE ( CULTURAL PRODUCTION4.<#c#i#g.> ,CONSID]+ ?AT ,L9EBAU< & ,R$IK] HAVE PO9T$ \T ?AT ONE ASPECT ( ! ,ATLANTIC %IP ( ! LATE #a#g? C5TURY WAS ITS POT5TIAL = 0A SET+ ( RESI/ANCE10.<#c#i#h.> ! PROSPECT ( AN ANTI-RACI/ PIRATE %IP-->GUABLY1 ! MO/ RESI/+ %IP ( !M ALL--BECOMES TREM5D\SLY 5TIC+4 ,IT C\LD BE SE5 AS 0A PLACE TO :I* & 9 :I* ! IDEAS & PRACTICES ( REVOLUTION>IES444ESCAP$1 RE-=M$1 CIRCULAT$1 & P]SI/$40.<#c#i#i.> ,:ILE SOME HI/ORIANS HAVE SUGGE/$ ?AT SU* ANTI-RACI/ PIRATE %IPS DID 9DE$ EXI/1 ! QUE/ION REMA9S :E!R ?IS SUGGE/ION IS REALLY CONV9C+4 ,!RE DOES NOT SEEM TO BE ANY DISAGREEM5T CONC]N+ ! FACT ?AT ! BUCCANE]S KEPT BO? ,AM]ICAN_/,C>IBBEAN ,9DIANS & ,AFRICANS AS SLAVES4 ,NOT ONLY >E SLAVES LI/$ AS POSSIBLE PAYM5TS 9 ,EXQUEMEL9'S EXAMPLE = A BUCCANE] CONTRACT1.<#d.> BUT ! BUCCANE]+ ACC\NTS ( ,EXQUEMEL91 ,DAMPI]1 & ,R+ROSE >E ALL DOTT$ ) REF]5CES TO ,9DIANS & 0NEGROES0 WORK+ 9VOLUNT>ILY ON !IR BOATS4.<#d#a.> ,9 FACT1 ,EXQUEMEL9 EV5 WRITES ?AT 0! SAID BUCCANE]S >E HUGELY CRUEL & TYRANNICAL T[>DS !IR S]VANTS2 9SOMU* ?AT COMMONLY !SE HAD RA!R BE GALLEY SLAVES 9 ! ,/RAITS1 OR SAW BRAZILWOOD 9 ! RASP-H\SES ( ,HOLL&1 ?AN S]VE SU* B>B>\S MA/]S40.<#d#b.> ,ONE BUCCANE] ACC\NT TELLS US ?AT SOME ( !IR 9D5TUR$ LABOR]S 0FELL SICK ( A DISEASE CALL$ COMA1 :I* WAS A SORT ( DESPAIR FROM :I* !Y SURELY DI$1 S9CE IT WAS ! EFFECT ( BRUTALITY 9 TREATM5T & WANT ( RE/40.<#d#c.> ,IT HAS ALSO BE5 ALLEG$ ?AT SOME REGUL> BUCCANE] HAUNTS1 LIKE ! LOGWOOD COMMUNITIES ALONG ! ,MOSQUITO ,COA/1 D\BL$ AS E>LY SLAVE TRAD+ PO/S4.<#d#d.> ,T[>DS ! 5D ( ! BUCCANE]+ ]A1 :5 MANY ,C>IBBEAN ISL&S HAD BE5 TURN$ 9TO PLANTATION SOCIETIES & BECOME DEP5D5T ON ! SLAVE TRADE1 SO-CALL$ SLAVE RAIDS BECAME A PRIME FACTOR 9 ! FEUDS BETWE5 RIVAL BUCCANE] COMMUNITIES4 ,MAURICE ,BESSON WRITES ?AT 9 ! #a#f#hS1 ! ,FR5* BUCCANE]S 0SO FREQU5TLY RAID$ ,JAMAICA1 :]E1 = ! GREAT] PR(IT ( ! Y\NG PLANTATIONS ( ,SA9T ,DOM+UE1 !Y MADE (F ) NEGROES & NEGRESSES1 ?AT ON ! COA/ ( ,SA9T ,DOM+O444 ! ISL& ( ,JAMAICA WAS CALL$ SIMPLY ,LITLE ,GU9EA40.<#d#e.> ,! SITUATION DOES NOT APPE> MU* DIFF]5T AMONG ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES4 ,CAPTA9 ,JOHNSON'S /ORIES >E DOT$ ) REF]5CES TO ,9DIANS & ,AFRICANS WORK+ UND] SLAVE-LIKE CONDITIONS ON PIRATE %IPS OR ON%ORE PIRATE R5DEZV\S4.<#d#f.> ,HIS ACC\NT ( ,CAPTA9 ,COND5T1 = EXAMPLE1 />TS ) ! /ORY ( AN ,9DIAN :O ?REAT5S TO BL[ UP ! %IP AFT] BE+ BEAT5 BY DIFF]5T MEMB]S ( ! CREW4 ,ONCE ! H]OIC ,COND5T KILL$ HIM1 0! CREW HACK$ HIM 9TO PIECES1 & ! GUNN] RIPP+ OP5 HIS BELLY1 TORE \T HIS HE>T1 BROIL$ & ATE IT40.<#d#g.> ,! RELATIONS BETWE5 GOLD5 AGE PIRACY & SLAV]Y W]E P>TICUL>LY PRON\NC$ 9 ,MADAGASC> :]E ! PIRATES 0W5T TO W> .<= LOCAL TRIBES.> & W]E PAID 9 FRI5D%IP & SLAVES4 ,BECAUSE ( !IR KN[L$GE ( LOCAL CONDITIONS !Y RAPIDLY BECAME 9T]M$I>IES 9 ! SLAVE TRADE4 ,M]*ANTS :O DESIR$ TO 5T] ! TRADE W]E ADVIS$ ?AT AN 9COM+ %IP C\LD EXPECT TO F9D SOMEONE READY TO ASSI/4 ,?AT SOMEONE WAS 9V>IABLY A PIRATE40.<#d#h.> ,! C5T] ( ?IS 5T]PRISE WAS ! PIRATE TRAD+ PORT AT ,/4 ,M>Y'S1 E/ABLI%$ 9 #afia BY ! =M] BUCCANE] ,ADAM ,BALDRIDGE4 ,BALDRIDGE COLLABORAT$ CLOSELY ) ! UNSCRUPUL\S ,NEW ,YORK BUS9ESSMAN ,FR$]ICK ,PHILIPSE :O TURN$ 9TO ! 0*IEF BROK] = ! ,MADAGASC> PIRATES40.<#d#i.> ,CAPTA9 ,JOHNSON DESCRIBES A TYPICAL TRIP BETWE5 ,NEW ,YORK & ,/4 ,M>Y'S AS A DELIV]Y ( 0W9E1 BE]1 ETC40 & A RETURN J\RNEY ) 0#c SLAVES40.<#d#a.> ,ACCORD+ TO ,E>LE1 0:5 ! SLAV]S RETURN$ TO ,AM]ICA !Y USUALLY C>RI$1 9 ADDITION TO !IR %ACKL$ C>GO1 A SCORE OR SO ( PIRATES :O N[ WANT$ TO RETURN TO CIVILIZATION AFT] !IR YE>S ( LOOT+ & BOOZ+ 9 ! ,9DIAN ,OCEAN40.<#d#a#a.> ,9 #a#f#i#g1 ,BALDRIDGE'S PO/ WAS DE/ROY$ BY LOCALS 9 RESI/ANCE TO HIS SLAVE TRAD- + 5DEAVORS4 ,IT SEEMS ?AT :5 GOLD5 AGE PIRATES TOOK SLAVE %IPS1 ! SLAVES W]E (T5 SE5 AS P>T ( ! C>GO.<#d#a#b.> & PRESUMABLY SOLD AT ! NEXT BE/ OPPORTUNITY2 MANY AN ILLEGAL SLAVE TRAD] ALONG ! ,WE/ ,AFRICAN COA/ APP>5TLY MADE GOOD BUS9ESS ) ! PIRATES1 P>TICUL>LY ?OSE :O HAD ]ECT$ CAMP AT ! ,SI]RA ,LEONE ,RIV]1 0M5 :O 9 SOME P>T ( !IR LIVES HAVE BE5 EI!R PRIVATE]+1 BUCCANE]+ OR PIRAT+40.<#d#a#c.> ,!RE >E ALSO ACC\NTS ( SLAVES BE+ BURN$ ) ! %IPS ! PIRATES DECID$ TO DE/ROY1 MO/ FAM\SLY :5 0EI?OLOMEW ,ROB]TS' CREW SET ABLAZE ! ,PORCUP9E AT ,:YDAH--9 ,CAPTA9 ,JOHNSON'S E/IMATION1 0A CRUELTY UNP>ALLEL$40.<#d#a#d.> ,A LOT ( ! ANTI-SLAV]Y S5TIM5TS ?AT RADICALS CLAIM = ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES SEEM TO RE/ ON WI%FUL ?9K+4 ,! ONLY PIRATE CAPTA9 :O EV] EXPLICITLY CONDEMN$ ! SLAVE TRADE WAS ,CAPTA9 ,MISSON--ALMO/ C]TA9LY A FICTIONAL *>ACT]4 ,!RE MICUS ,R$IK]'S CONV9C+ !ORY ?AT ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES POS$ A ?REAT TO ! SLAVE TRADE & 0HAD TO BE EXT]M9AT$ 9 ORD] = ! NEW TRADE TO FL\RI%40.<#d#a#e.> ,!RE IS MU* REASON TO BELIEVE ?AT 0! DEFEAT ( ,ROB]TS & ! SUBSEQU5T ]ADICATION ( PIRACY (F ! COA/ ( ,AFRICA REPRES5T$ A TURN+ PO9T 9 ! SLAVE TRADE & EV5 9 ! L>G] HI/ORY ( CAPITALISM10.<#d#a#f.> ?AT 09 ! IMM$IATE AFT]MA? ( ! SUPPRESSION ( PIRACY1 ,BRITA9 E/ABLI%$ ITS DOM9ANCE ON ! WE/]N COA/ ( ,AFRICA10 & ?AT 09 ! DECADE ( ! #a#g#cS ,5GL& HAS BECOME ! SUPREME SLAV+ NATION 9 ! ,ATLANTIC WORLD40.<#d#a#g.> ,! ?REAT ?AT ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES POS$ TO ! SLAVE TRADE1 H[EV]1 DID NOT COME FROM ! PIRATES' /RUGGLE = EQUAL RILY ABOLITIONI/ CONVICTION1 BUT FROM 9T]RUPT+ ITS R\TES1 /EAL+ ITS 0C>GO0 & MAK+ ITS V5TURES MORE CO/LY4 ,9 FACT1 IT WAS NOT EV5 A ?REAT ?AT AFFECT$ ! SLAVE TRADE P] SE--IT ONLY AFFECT$ ! GOV]NM5T-SPONSOR$ & -PROTECT$ SLAVE TRADE TRY+ TO PROTECT ITS MONOPOLY4 ,! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES POS$ A ?REAT TO ! (FICIAL SLAVE TRADE 9 AB\T ! SAME WAY 9 :I* DI/RIBUTORS ( PIRAT$ PORN POSE A ?REAT TO ! ,SAN ,F]N&O ,VALLEY PORN 9DU/RY4 ,?IS1 TOO1 MIDLY A NOBLE CAUSE TO EMBRACE4 ,SEV]AL /ORIES DO TELL ( GOOD RELATIONS & MUTUAL AID BETWE5 ,C>IBBEAN BUCCANE]S_/PIRATES & ! ,9DIAN SOCIETIES ( ! REGION4 ,ACCORD+ TO ,P]OT9-,DUMON1 09 #a#f#a#i-#b ,FR5* CORSAIRS1 RETURN+ FROM A FAIL$ V5TURE ?AT HAD L$ !M ?R\< ! ,ATLANTIC & ! ,PACIFIC1 /AY$ SEV]AL MON?S ) ,C>IBS 9 ,M>T9IQUE4 ,!IR SICK & />V+ CREWMEMB]S W]E RESCU$ & ADOPT$ BY ! ,9DIANS4 ,! EVOCATIVE ACC\NT ( !IR /AY REVEALS ?AT IT HAD BE5 A CURR5T PRACTICE = SEV]AL DECADES40.<#d#a#h.> ,PHILIP ,GOSSE TELLS US AB\T A ,CAPTA9 ,BLEWFIELD :O1 9 ! #a#f#fS 0WAS KN[N TO BE LIV+ AMONG ! FRI5DLY ,9DIANS AT ,CAPE ,GRATIA DE ,DIOS ON ! ,SPANI% ,MA910.<#d#a#i.> A ,CAPTA9 ,B\RNAO :O SAIL$ 9 ! SAME >EA 9 ! E>LY #a#f#hS & 0WAS MU* LIK$ BY ! ,D>I5 ,9DIANS10.<#d#b.> & A ,CAPTA9 ,*RI/IAN :O1 LIKEWISE1 0WAS ON V]Y FRI5DLY T]MS0 ) ! ,D>I5 ,9DIANS SOME TW5TY YE>S LAT]4.<#d#b#a.> ,EXQUEMEL9 PROVIDES SIMIL> EXAMPLES1.<#d#b#b.> & ,DAMPI] RECALLS A RA!R EMOTIVE EPISODE 9 :I* HIS CREW PICKS UP A ,MOSQUITO ,9DIAN ON A REMOTE ,ATLANTIC ISL& AFT] HE HAD BE5 LEF BEH9D ?REE YE>S E>LI]4.<#d#b#c.> ,MANUEL ,S*ONHORN 9DICATES ?AT PIRATE CAPTA9 ,FRANCIS ,SPRIGGS F\ND REFUGE AMONG ! ,MOSQUITO ,9DIANS 9 #a#g#b#f4.<#d#b#d.> ,F9ALLY1 !RE IS ! FAM\S ACC\NT ( ,LIONEL ,WAF] :O LIV$ AMONG ! ,CUNA = SEV]AL MON?S 9 #a#f#h#a4.<#d#b#e.> ,O!R ACC\NTS PA9T A DIFF]5T PICTURE4 ,DAMPI]1 = EXAMPLE1 WRITES AB\T ! ,9DIANS ON ! ,PE>L ,ISL&S3 0,H]E >E BUT A FEW1 POOR1 NAK$ ,9DIANS ?AT LIVE H]E2 :O HAVE BE5 SO (T5 PLUND]$ BY ! PRIVATE]S ?AT !Y HAVE BUT LITLE PROVISION2 & :5 !Y SEE A SAIL !Y HIDE !MSELVES2 O!RWISE %IPS ?AT COME H]E W\LD TAKE !M1 & MAKE SLAVES ( !M2 & ,I HAVE SE5 SOME ( !M ?AT HAVE BE5 SLAVES40.<#d#b#f.> ,GIV5 ! SOMETIMES EUPHORIC RADICAL EMBRACE ( ! LOGWOOD CUT]S ( ! ,BAYS ( ,CAMPE*E & ,HONDURAS--MANY ( :OM W]E P>T-TIME BUCCANE]S & ALL ( :OM MA9TA9$ /RONG RELATIONS TO ! BUCCANE]+ COMMUNITY--,DAMPI]'S ACC\NT ( SOME ( !IR EXPLOITS IS EV5 MORE TR\BL+3 0.<,!Y.> (T5 MADE SALLIES \T 9 SMALL P>TIES AMONG ! NE>E/ ,9DIAN T[NS2 :]E !Y PLUND]$ & BR\ ,SU* PRACTICES SEEM CONFIRM$ BY ,EXQUEMEL9 :O TELLS US AB\T ! ,9DIANS ( ,BOCA DEL ,TORO 5D+ BUS9ESS RELATIONS ) ! BUCCANE]S 0BECAUSE ! PIRATES COMMIT$ MANY B>B>\S 9HUMANITIES AGA9/ !M1 KILL+ MANY ( !IR M5 ON A C]TA9 OCCASION1 & TAK+ AWAY !IR WOM540.<#d#b#h.> ,EXQUEMEL9'S WRIT+S ALSO (F] AN 9SIDS ! ,9DIANS ( ! ,C>IBBEAN4 ,HE CALLS ! ,9DIANS ( ! ,DE LAS ,P]TAS ,ISL&S 0PROP]LY SAVAGES0 9 COMP>ISON TO 0CIVIL PEOPLE0 7PURPORT$LY 9CLUD+ ! BUCCANE]S74.<#d#b#i.> ,9 A MORE G5]AL COMM5T1 HE REF]S TO ,9DIANS AS 0A B>B>\S SORT ( PEOPLE1 TOTALLY GIV5 TO S5SUALITY & A BRUTI% CU/OM ( LIFE1 HAT+ ALL MANN] ( LABOR1 & ONLY 9CL9$ TO RUN FROM PLACE TO PLACE1 KILL+ & MAK+ W> AGA9/ !IR NEI ,RADICAL BUCCANE] & PIRATE SYMPA?IZ]S SEEM TO FREQU5TLY MISUND]/& ! OCCASIONAL ALLIANCES BETWE5 BUCCANE]S & ,9DIAN COMMUNITIES :5 9T]PRET+ !M AS PRO( ( ! BUCCANE]S' DEC5CY & OP5NESS4 ,MO/ ( !SE ALLIANCES W]E BAS$ ON ! BUCCANE]S & ! ,9DIANS FI$ ANIMOSITY MAY HAVE CREAT$ UNIONS BETWE5 ,5GLI%1 ,FR5*1 & ,DUT*1 IT IS NOT CLE> JU/ H[ CLOSE ! ALLI$ COMMUNITIES FELT OR H[ MU* !Y RESPECT$ EA* O!R4 ,!SE W]E OPPORTUNI/IC UNIONS CAUS$ BY CONT+5T HI/ORICAL CIRCUM/ANCES1.<#d#c#a.> & CONCLUD+ ?AT ,9DIANS 9 ! ,C>IBBEAN W]E TREAT$ WELL BY ! BUCCANE]S BECAUSE !Y ASSI/$ !M 9 RAID+ ,SPANI% T[NS.<#d#c#b.> IS LIKE CONCLUD+ ?AT ,9DIANS 9 ,NOR? ,AM]ICA W]E TREAT$ WELL BY ! ,FR5* BECAUSE !Y ASSI/$ !M 9 !IR W>S AGA9/ ! ,BRITI%4 ,?+S LOOK EV5 MORE TR\BL+ :5 WE CONSID] ?AT SOME ( ! ,9DIAN COMMUNITIES ) :OM ! BUCCANE]S W]E MO/ FRI5DLY1 LIKE ! ,CUNA OR ! ,MOSQUITO1 APP>5TLY ALSO ASSI/$ !M 9 SLAVE TRAD+ OP]ATIONS4 ,AN?ROPOLOGI/S HAVE SUGGE/$ ?AT AMONG ! ,CUNA1 ! 0OBJECT ( WAG+ W> WAS EVID5TLY TO TAKE SLAVES0.<#d#c#c.> 7PRESUMABLY PRIM>ILY = !IR [N USE1 ALBEIT IT SEEMS LIKELY ?AT !Y W\LD HAVE TRAD$ ) ,EUROPEANS71 & ?AT 0! ,MOSQUITO TOOK PRISON]S TO BE SOLD AS SLAVES TO ! ,:ITES40.<#d#c#d.> ,! OCCASIONAL ALLIANCES BETWE5 PIRATES & ! NATIVE PEOPLE ( ,MADAGASC> HAVE TO BE SE5 9 A SIMIL> LI ,?IS CORRESPONDS TO ! SITUATION ALONG ,AFRICA'S WE/ COA/ :]E ! RELATIONS BETWE5 PIRATES & ,AFRICANS MO/LY CONC5TRAT$ ON TRADE1 (T5 5\< 9 SLAVES4 ,VIOL5T CONFRONTATIONS ]UPT$ H]E AS WELL4.<#d#c#f.> ,!RE IS ALSO CONFUSION AB\T ! PRES5CE ( ,9DIANS ON BUCCANE] & PIRATE %IPS4 ,MOSQUITO ,9DIANS ESPECIALLY SEEM$ TO HAVE BE5 POPUL> COMPANIONS AMONG ! BUCCANE]S & 0?R\< ! FREQU5T CONV]SE & FAMILI>ITY !SE ,9DIANS HAVE ) ! PIRATES444 . SOMETIMES . TO SEA ) !M1 & REMA9.<$.> AMONG !M = :OLE YE>S1 )\T RETURN+ HOME40.<#d#c#g.> ,H[EV]1 NO ACC\NT W\LD GIVE ! IMPRESSION ?AT !Y SAIL$ AS EQUAL MEMB]S ( ! CREW4 ,!Y MIITY MA9LY SEEM$ TO RE/ ON !IR QUALITIES AS SUP]B LOOK\TS1 EXP]T FI%]M5 79 ,DAMPI]'S FAM\S ASSESSM5T1 0ONE OR TWO ( !M 9 A %IP1 WILL MA9TA9 #a M50.<#d#c#h.>71 & MEAN FI ,AS ,PET] ,E>LE PUTS IT3 0,NO WOND] PIRATES LIK$ TO HAVE ONE OR TWO ( !SE P>AGONS 9 !IR CREWS40.<#d#d.> ,! EVID5CE IS UNCLE> AB\T ! ROLE ( ,AFRICANS ON PIRATE %IPS4 ,! OBS]VATION ?AT 0',NEGROES & ,MOLATOES' W]E PRES5T ON ALMO/ EV]Y PIRATE %IP0.<#d#d#a.> MEANS = MANY ?AT !Y W]E 9TEGRAL P>TS ( ! CREW4 ,?IS1 H[EV]1 IS LESS EVID5T ?AN IT MAY SEEM4 ,SOME ,AFRICANS MI ( ,BLACKBE>D'S CREW IS A FAM$ EXAMPLE.<#d#d#b.>71 BUT MANY MI?OLOMEW ,ROB]TS' %IPS 9 #a#g#b#b1 = EXAMPLE1 W]E NOT PUT ON TRIAL = PIRACY 7LIKE ALL ! ,EUROPEANS7 BUT RA!R SOLD 9TO SLAV]Y4.<#d#d#c.> ,?IS MIE BAS$ 9 FACT1 ! OV]ALL PICTURE /ILL SEEMS TO PO9T TO !SE AS EXCEPTIONS RA!R ?AN ! ANTI-RACI/ RULE2 C]TA9LY1 !RE >E NO POPUL> IMAGES ( BLACK PIRATE CAPTA9S4 ,M>CUS ,R$IK]'S SUGGE/ION ?AT 0,BLACK PIRATES ALSO MADE UP P>T ( ! PIRATES' VANGU>D1 ! MO/ TRU/$ & FE>SOME MEMB]S ( ! CREW :O BO>D$ A PROSPECTIVE PRIZE10.<#d#d#d.> & ,K5NE? ,J4 ,K9KOR'S CLAIM ?AT 0,BLACKS >E ACCORD+LY F\ND AS LEAD]S ( PR$OM9ANTLY :ITE CREWS0.<#d#d#e.> >E !RE=E SURPRIS+4 ,RA!R1 WE MI$ ! SAME PREJUDICES AS O!R :ITE M5 9 ! ,WE/]N WORLD4 ,!Y REG>D$ BLACK SLAVES AS COMMODITIES TO BE B\D !IR %IPS = ! H>D & M5IAL JOBS3 WORK+ ! PUMPS1 GO+ A%ORE = WOOD & WAT]1 WA%+ & CLEAN+1 & ACT+ AS S]VANTS TO ! PIRATE CAPTA940.<#d#d#f.> ,?IS IS NOT TO SAY1 H[EV]1 ?AT ! COMPLEX HI/ORY ( PIRACY & RACE CONTA9S NO 5C\RAG+ EXAMPLES4 ,HU< ,RANK9'S ASS]TION ?AT PIRATES 0DID NOT SEEM TOO CONC]N$ AB\T COLOR DIFF]5CES0.<#d#d#g.> MI$ FEEL+S ( M>G9ALITY >E A SOLV5T :I* CAN AMELIORATE RACIAL444B>RI]S40.<#d#d#h.> ,K9KOR'S ASSESSM5T ?AT 0IT W\LD SEEM ?AT ! DECK ( A PIRATE %IP WAS ! MO/ EMP[]+ PLACE = BLACKS )9 ! EI ,IT CAN F9ALLY BE ASSUM$ ) ,FRANK ,%]RY ?AT 0BLACKS1 :O USUALLY FE>$ A RETURN TO SLAV]Y EV5 MORE ?AN !Y FE>$ DEA?1 W]E (T5 F> MORE WILL+ ?AN :ITE PIRATES TO FI ,! POT5TIAL PROSPECT ( LIV+ A RELATIVELY FREE LIFE ON A PIRATE %IP W\LD HAVE BE5 9SPIR+ = MANY SLAVES ON ! ,C>IBBEAN ,ISL&S & A MOTIVATION = REVOLT4 ,APP>5TLY1 AU?ORITIES 9 ! ,AM]ICAN COLONIES DID 9DE$ FE> ALLIANCES ( PIRATES & REVOLT+ SLAVES4 ,FRANK ,%]RY TELLS ( AT LEA/ ONE OCCASION3 0,! L>GE/ RECORD$ MASS ESCAPE ( BLACK SLAVES AT ?IS TIME TOOK PLACE 9 ,M>T9IQUE1 :]E FIFY BLACKS1 SUPPOS$LY /IRR$ UP BY A :ITE MAN1 HAD RIS5 AGA9/ !IR ,FR5* MA/] & HAD FL$ ! ISL& 'TO SEEK A C>E] 9 PIRACY4'0.<#d#e#a.> ,/ILL1 !RE MILY DID NOT OP]ATE ACCORD+ TO ! BLACK CODES 5ACT$ & 5=C$ 9 ,ATLANTIC SLAVE SOCIETIES4 ,SOME SLAVES & FREE BLACKS F\ND ABO>D ! PIRATE %IP FRE$OM1 SOME?+ ?AT1 \TSIDE ( ! M>OON COMMUNITIES1 WAS 9 %ORT SUPPLY 9 ! PIRATES' MA9 !AT] ( OP]ATIONS1 ! ,C>IBBEAN & ! ,AM]ICAN ,S\?4 ,9DE$1 PIRATE %IPS !MSELVES MIOON COMMUNITIES1 9 :I* REBELS US$ ! HI< SEAS AS O!RS US$ ! M\NTA9S & ! JUNGLES4.<#d#e#b.> ,REG>DLESS ( ! EXACT LEVELS ( RACISM & ANTI-RACISM AMONG ! ,C>IBBEAN BUCCANE]S & PIRATES1 & REG>DLESS ( :E!R IT IS REALLY APT TO CALL !M M>OON COMMUNITIES1.<#d#e#c.> !RE IS ONE ASPECT ?AT SU* OPTIMI/IC E/IMATIONS WILL ALWAYS CL\D3 NO MAT] H[ SUBV]SIVE1 H[ REBELLI\S OR H[ C\NT]CULTURAL ! BUCCANE]S & PIRATES MIT ( A COLONIAL 5T]PRISE ( OPPRESSION1 5SLAVEM5T1 & G5OCIDE4 ,?IS CANNOT BE D5I$1 NO MAT] ! ANGLE ( ANALYSIS4 ,:ATEV] !IR EXACT ROLE1 ! BUCCANE]S & PIRATES W]E OV]:ELM+LY ( ,EUROPEAN ORIG9 &1 ALONG ) !IR FELL[ ,EUROPEAN SETL]S1 TOOK POSSESSION ( L&S & RES\RCES ?AT !Y /OLE FROM O!R PEOPLE4 ,?IS IS TRUE NOT ONLY 9 ! CASE ( ?OSE :O1 LIKE MANY BUCCANE]S1 W]E DIRECTLY 9VOLV$ 9 ! ,EUROPEAN COLONIAL EXPANSION1 BUT ALSO ( ?OSE :O1 LIKE MANY GOLD5 AGE PIRATES1 SABOTAG$ C]TA9 ASPECTS ( IT4 ,A HI/ORY ( G5OCIDE /ILL HAUNTS ! ,C>IBBEAN-- & SO DOES ! BUCCANE]S' & PIRATES' P>T 9 IT4 #c4#e4 ,ANNE ,BONNY1 ,M>Y ,READ1 & A ,CO-OPT$ ,MY?3 ,PIRACY & ,G5D] ,AS /AT$ E>LI]1 ! BUCCANE] COMMUNITY PREC$+ ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES WAS ALMO/ EXCLUSIVELY MALE4 ,SOME HI/ORIANS HAVE EV5 CALL$ ! BUCCANE]S 0WOMAN-HAT]S0 TO :OM 0WOM5 & COM=T SPELT S(NESS & DEFEAT10.<#d#e#d.> & :O W]E 0LOA?+ ! SI ,:ILE SU* AN ASSUMPTION SEEMS SURELY EXAGG]AT$1 ! FOLL[+ DESCRIPTION MI ,ULRIKE ,KLAUSMANN & ,M>ION ,ME9Z]91 AU?ORS ( ,WOM5 ,PIRATES1 AGREE3 0,!IR ATITUDE T[>DS WOM5 WAS ALSO NO DIFF]5T FROM ?AT ( ! O!R 9VAD]S4 ,= ! BUCCANE]S1 WOM5 W]E SIMPLY GOODS TO BE ROBB$1 TRAD$1 OR %>$ 9 'BRO!RLY' FA%ION40.<#d#e#g.> ,:ATEV] ! 9DIVIDUAL BUCCANE]S' ATITUDES T[>DS WOM5 W]E1 !IR COMMUNITY REMA9$ EXCLUSIVELY MALE ?R\<\T ! #a#g? C5TURY & ?IS EXCLUSIVITY EXT5D$ 9TO ! PIRATES' GOLD5 AGE4 ,WE KN[ ( EXACTLY TWO FEMALE PIRATES :O SAIL$ ON GOLD5 AGE PIRATE %IPS 7EV5 ?\< !RE MIY ,READ & ,ANNE ,BONNY4 ,:ILE ! /ORY ( ,READ & ,BONNY IS DEF9ITELY AN 9SPIR+ /ORY ( LIB]ATION1 ! POLITICAL CR$IT (T5 SEEMS MISPLAC$4 ,IT HAS BE5 SUGGE/$ REPEAT$LY ?AT !IR /ORY PROV$ ! POT5TIAL ?AT PIRATE SOCIETY (F]$ TO 9DIVIDUALS--0EV5 WOM50--TO LIB]ATE !MSELVES4 ,HAD IT BE5 UP TO ! PIRATES1 H[EV]1 ,READ & ,BONNY W\LD NOT HAVE EV5 BE5 ALL[$ ON !IR %IPS1 & !IR PRES5CE DID NOT 9DICATE A SUBV]SION ( PATRI>*AL NORMS4 ,!Y HAD TO 5T] PIRATE SOCIETY DISGUIS$ AS M5 & HAD TO MA9TA9 !IR RIT ( IT BY 0ACT+ AS M540 ,H[ MU* !Y SEEM$ TO ID5TIFY ) ?IS ROLE IS PI]C+LY EXPRESS$ 9 ,ANNE ,BONNY'S COMM5T ON ! EXECUTION ( H] =M] LOV]1 ,JOHN 0,CALICO ,JACK0 ,RACKAM3 0%E WAS SORRY TO SEE HIM !RE1 BUT IF HE HAD F\ ,M>Y ,READ & ,ANNE ,BONNY'S /ORY CONFIRMS ?AT 0JU/ AS FRE$OM MEANT NOBLE /ATUS = A MAN1 IT MEANT MALE /ATUS = A WOMAN0.<#d#e#i.>--AMONG GOLD5 AGE PIRATES AS MU* 7OR MORE SO87 AS 9 O!R COMMUNITIES4 ,:AT MAKES !IR /ORY A /ORY ( LIB]ATION IS ! REM>KABLE /R5G? & P]SEV]ANCE !Y DEMON/RAT$ 9 A MALE-DOM9AT$ WORLD4 ,9 O!R WORDS1 ,M>Y ,READ & ,ANNE ,BONNY [E !IR A*IEVEM5TS TO !MSELVES & NOT TO PIRATE SOCIETY4 ,YES1 !Y 0PROV$ ?AT A WOMAN C\LD F9D LIB]TY B5EA? ! ,JOLLY ,ROG]10.<#d#f.> BUT ?IS 9 SPITE (1 NOT ?ANKS TO ! PIRATES4 ,9 ?IS S5SE1 ASS]TIONS ?AT MAKE !M P>T ( A 0UTOPIAN EXP]IM5T BEYOND ! REA* ( ! TRADITIONAL P[]S ( FAMILY1 /ATE1 & CAPITAL0.<#d#f#a.> >E MISLEAD+ & SUGGE/ AN UNM]IT$ PROGRESSIV5ESS ( PIRATE COMMUNITIES :ILE DIM9I%+ ! FEAT ( TWO DET]M9$ WOM5 :O DEFI$ ! ODDS4 ,READ & ,BONNY'S /ORY IS SPECIAL--& BET] KN[N ?AN ?OSE ( O!R WOM5 DEFY+ ! ODDS BY PASS+ AS M5--BECAUSE ( ITS S5SATIONALI/ PIRATE FRAME4 ,O!R ?AN ?AT1 !RE IS NO?+ *>ACT]I/ICALLY PIRATICAL AB\T IT1 NOT EV5 ! RESPECT !Y GA9$ FROM FELL[ PIRATES = !IR 0MAN- LIKE0 QUALITIES2 EV]YONE RESPECT$ !M = ?AT4 ,TEY HAVE CREAT$ A 0MANY- SID$ & LONG-LA/+ LEGACY0.<#d#f#b.> )9 MA9/REAM SOCIETY BECAUSE 0,ANNE ,BONNY'S LIFE AT SEA1 9 P>TICUL>1 SEEMS TO HAVE FOLL[$ ! C>E] ( ! >*ETYPAL FEMALE W>RIOR AS A 'HI<-METL$ H]O9E :O DISGUISES H]SELF AS A SOLDI] OR SAILOR & GOES TO W> = H] BELOV$4'0.<#d#f#c.> ,ALONG !SE L9ES1 ,M>CUS ,R$IK] SUMS UP ! TWO MO/ COMPELL+ ASPECTS ( ! /ORY ( ,M>Y ,READ & ,ANNE ,BONNY WELL :5 HE WRITES ?AT 0!IR V]Y LIVES & SUBSEQU5T POPUL>ITY REPRES5T$ A SUBV]SIVE COMM5T>Y ON ! G5D] RELATIONS ( !IR [N TIMES AS WELL AS 'A P[]FUL SYMBOL ( UNCONV5TIONAL WOMANHOOD' = ! FUTURE40.<#d#f#d.> ,ASIDE FROM ! GLAM\R\S /ORY ( ,READ & ,BONNY1 ! SE>* = O!R IMAGES ( WOM5 9 ! CONTEXT ( GOLD5 AGE PIRACY SEEMS TO PROVE ,JOHN ,C4 ,APPLEBY'S REM>K ?AT /UDIES ( 9DIVIDUAL H]O9ES 09FLATE ! IMPORTANCE ( WOM5'S ROLE 9 PIRACY & PIRATICAL ACTIVITY40.<#d#f#e.> ,SOME 9DIVIDUAL EXAMPLES NOT)/&+1.<#d#f#f.> !RE SEEMS TO BE NO REAL LIFE PIRATE 0NAM$ ,PUSSYCAT1 :O WAS TRULY ! MEANE/ ( ALL ! PIRATES40.<#d#f#g.> ,! MO/ COMMON CONNECTION BETWE5 PIRACY & ! FATE ( WOM5 IS ?AT 0:]EV] PIRACY FL\RI%$ SO DID ! BUS9ESS ( PRO/ITUTION40.<#d#f#h.> ,! BUCCANE] DI>IES AS WELL AS ,CAPTA9 ,JOHNSON'S ,G5]AL ,HI/ORY AB\ND ) TALES ( WOM5 BE+ MI/REAT$ & RAP$4 ,EXQUEMEL9 TELLS US AB\T ! ,CAPE ( ,GRACIAS A ,DIOS3 0,! CU/OM ( ! ISL& IS SU* ?AT1 :5 ANY PIRATES >RIVE !RE1 EV]Y ONE HAS ! LIB]TY TO BUY = HIMSELF AN ,9DIAN WOMAN1 AT ! PRICE ( A KNIFE1 OR ANY OLD AX1 WOOD-BILL OR HAT*ET40.<#d#f#i.> ,CAPTA9 ,JOHNSON REPORTS ?AT ,$W>D ,5GL&'S CREW 0=C$ . 9 A B>B>\S MANN] TO !IR LU/S20.<#d#g.> ?AT AFT] ,TOMAS ,AN/IS' CREW HAD TAK5 A FEMALE PRISON]1 0TW5TY-ONE ( !M =C$ ! POOR CREATURE SUCCESSFULLY1 AFT]W>DS BROKE H] BACK & FLUNG H] 9TO ! SEA20.<#d#g#a.> ?AT AFT] TWO GIRLS HAD BE5 TAK5 BY MEMB]S ( ,JOHN ,G['S CREW1 !Y 0W]E HURRI$ ONBO>D1 & US$ 9 A MO/ 9HUMANE MANN]20.<#d#g#b.> & ?AT AFT] ,TOMAS ,H[>D HAD RETIR$ FROM PIRATE LIFE & M>RI$ AN 7,ASIAN7 ,9DIAN WOMAN1 0BE+ A MOROSE ILL- NATUR$ FELL[1 & US+ H] ILL1 HE WAS MURD]$ BY H] RELATIONS40.<#d#g#c.> ,!SE /ORIES CORRESPOND ) ! PICTURE ( ! G5]AL SOCIAL TRAITS ( ! BUCCANE]S & PIRATES4 ,COMMON S5SE SUGGE/S ?AT ,DAVID ,CORD+LY IS RID DR9K+1 CO>SE LANGUAGE1 ?REAT5+ BEHAVIOR & CASUAL CRUELTY40.<#d#g#d.> ,ULRIKE ,KLAUSMANN & ,M>ION ,ME9Z]9 REM>K ?AT 0! B& ( BUCCANE]S W]E NO LESS RACI/ OR SEXI/ ?AN ! RE/ ( ! WORLD 9 ! EI ,DESPITE ALL ?IS1 ! WORLD ( ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES DOES HOLD A FASC9ATION = MANY RADICAL WOM54 ,SOME HI/ORIANS PROVIDE CURI\S EXPLANATIONS ( ?IS PH5OM5ON1 FIR/ & =EMO/ ,DAVID ,CORD+LY3 ,AS ALL WOM5 KN[ & SOME M5 CAN NEV] UND]/&1 ! MO/ 9T]E/+ H]OES ( LIT]ATURE & HI/ORY HAVE ALWAYS BE5 FLAW$ *>ACT]S4444,SO IT IS ) ! PIRATES4 ,!Y >E SE5 AS CRUEL1 DOM9E]+1 DRUNK51 HE>TLESS VILLA9S1 BUT IT IS !SE V]Y VICES :I* MAKE !M ATRACTIVE4 ,A DEG5]ATE & DEBAU*$ MAN IS A *ALL5GE :I* MANY WOM5 F9D H>D TO RESI/4.<#d#g#f.> ,A MORE PALATABLE !ORY IS ?AT ! APPEAL ( ! PIRATES' REA* = FRE$OM IS /RONG 5\< TO %AT] ! G5D] CONV5TIONS ( ! PIRATES !MSELVES4 ,?IS DOES NOT MAKE ! REAL PIRATE COMMUNITY ( ! GOLD5 AGE ANY BET] ?AN IT WAS2 BUT1 AS ,KLAUSMANN & ,ME9Z]9 TELL US 9 ! OP5+ PAGES ( ,WOM5 ,PIRATES1 IT ALL[S A GR\P ( RADICAL FEM9I/S TO OCCUPY A LUXURY YA*T UND] ! ,JOLLY ,ROG]4 ,?IS IS A P]FECT EXAMPLE ( ! RADICAL POT5TIAL ( GOLD5 AGE PIRACY ?AT ?IS BOOK TRIES TO HIIAN & REBELLI\S SPIRIT ?AT LIES AT GOLD5 AGE PIRACY'S CORE1 ELEVAT+ IT BEYOND ITS CULTURAL CONTEXT1 & SITUAT+ IT )9 CONTEMPOR>Y /RUGGLES4 ,9 ?IS S5SE1 !RE >E )\T D\BT MANY WOM5 PIRATES \T !RE1 SOME C]TA9LY 0LEAP+ AB\T & LOOK+ = BOOZE & DO+ :ATEV] PIRATE GIRLS DO REG>DLESS ( :AT !Y'RE SUPPOS$ TO BE DO+40.<#d#g#g.> #c4#f4 ,ON ,SODOMITES & ,PRO/ITUTES3 ,PIRACY & ,SEXUALITY ,GIV5 ! ALL-MALE *>ACT] ( ! ,C>IBBEAN BUCCANE] & PIRATE COMMUNITIES1 LIVELY DISCUSSIONS AMONG HI/ORIANS AB\T ! FREQU5CY ( HOMOSEXUAL 5C\NT]S AB\ND4 ,TESE W]E FUR!R FUEL$ BY ! MATELOTAGE SY/EM ( ! ,HISPANIOLA & ,TORTUGA BUCCANE]S 9 :I* TWO M5 UNIT$ TO LIVE & %>E !IR POSSESSIONS TOGE!R4 ,?IS SY/EM MU/ NOT BE OV]-9T]PRET$1 H[EV]4 ,EXQUEMEL9'S ORIG9AL DESCRIPTION ( MATELOTAGE READS AS FOLL[S3 ,IT IS A G5]AL & SOLEMN CU/OM AMONG !M ALL TO SEEK \T = A COMRADE OR COMPANION1 :OM WE MAY CALL P>TN]1 9 !IR =TUNES1 ) :OM !Y JO9 ! :OLE /OCK ( :AT !Y POSSESS1 T[>DS A MUTUAL & RECIPROCAL GA94 ,?IS IS DONE ALSO BY >TICLES DRAWN & SIGN$ ON BO? SIDES1 ACCORD+ TO :AT HAS BE5 AGRE$ BETWE5 !M4 ,SOME ( !SE CON/ITUTE !IR SURVIV+ COMPANION ABSOLUTE HEIR TO :AT IS LEF BY ! DEA? ( ! FIR/ ( ! TWO4 ,O!RS1 IF !Y BE M>RI$1 LEAVE !IR E/ATES TO !IR WIVES & *ILDR52 O!RS TO O!R RELATIONS4.<#d#g#h.> ,?IS S\NDS MO/LY LIKE A SOPHI/ICAT$1 YET PR$OM9ANTLY PRAGMATIC UNION BETWE5 BUDDIES1 & NOT MU* LIKE 0A K9D ( HOMOSEXUAL UNION40.<#d#g#i.> ,9 FACT1 SOME MATELOTS W]E KN[N TO %>E !IR WIVES AFT] WOM5 >RIV$ ON ,TORTUGA 9 #afff 7!Y W]E ,FR5* PRO/ITUTES MEANT TO BE B\T ( A S*EME TO 0CIVILIZE0 !M74 ,CRUZ ,APE/EGUI RELATES AN AMUS+ ACC\NT ( ! EV5T3 ,! M5 HAD =M$ A SEMICIRCLE ON ! BEA*2 MANY HAD %AV$4 ,! WOM5 W]E BR\E LOOK AT ! M5444 & ! M5 SEEM$ 9DIFF]5T4 ,SUDD5LY1 ONE ( ! BRO!RS /EPP$ \T &1 LEAN+ ON HIS RIFLE1 BEGAN A LONG C]EMONI\S1 GR&ILOQU5T SPEE*4 ,HE SPOKE ( GOOD BEHAVIOR1 ( HONE/Y1 ( LOYALTY & EV5 ( R$EMPTION4 ,HE 5D$ BY TELL+ ! WOM5 ?AT S9CE !Y HAD *OS5 ?IS L9E ( CONDUCT !Y %\LD CONT9UE AT ALL CO/S & CORRECT !IR BAD 9/9CTS4 ,! SALE TOOK PLACE )\T 9CID5T4.<#d#h.> ,ACCORD+ TO ,ANGUS ,KON/AM1 ! MATELOTAGE SY/EM DI$ \T 9 ! #a#f#gS4.<#d#h#a.> ,?IS1 ( C\RSE1 DOES NOT ANSW] ! QUE/ION ( :E!R HOMOSEXUAL 5C\NT]S AMONG ,C>IBBEAN BUCCANE]S & PIRATES W]E MORE FREQU5T ?AN ?OSE )9 O!R ALL-MALE SOCIETIES1 LIKE PRISON POPULATIONS1 >MY UNITS1 OR CREWS ( COMMON SAILORS4 ,9 HIS C&IDLY TITL$ ,SODOMY & ! ,PIRATE ,TRADITION1 ,B4 ,R4 ,BURG /RONGLY >GUES = ! EXI/5CE ( A BUCCANE] CULTURE 7EXT5D+ 9TO ! P]IOD ( GOLD5 AGE PIRACY7 9 :I* 0HOMOSEXUAL CONTACT0 WAS NOT ONLY 0! ORD9>Y =M ( SEXUAL EXPRESSION10.<#d#h#b.> BUT 0! ONLY =M ( SEXUAL EXPRESSION 5GAG$ 910.<#d#h#c.> :ILE 0HET]OSEXUAL CONTACT0 WAS CONSID]$ 0A G5U9ELY EXOTIC MANN] ( SEXUAL EXPRESSION40.<#d#h#d.> ,! OP9IONS ( O!R HI/ORIANS ON ,BURG'S SUGGE/ION >E RA!R UNI=M4 ,DAVID ,CORD+LY DIPLOMATICALLY /ATES ?AT 0IT IS AN 9T]E/+ !ORY & !RE MAY BE SOME TRU? 9 IT1 BUT !RE IS LITLE EVID5CE TO PROVE ?+S ONE WAY OR ! O!R40.<#d#h#e.> ,PET] ,E>LE WRITES ?AT 0! >GUM5T RE/S ON ! FANCIFUL D$UCTION FROM ! UND\BT$ FACT ?AT MO/ PIRATE %IPS W]E ALL- MALE 9/ITUTIONS1 & NO REAL EVID5CE IS GIV5 TO SUPPORT ! ASS]TION40.<#d#h#f.> ,ROB]T ,C4 ,RIT*IE /ATES ?AT 0AL?\< ,I AGREE ?AT HOMOSEXUALITY EXI/$1 !RE IS TOO MU* EVID5CE ( PIRATE HET]OSEXUALITY 9 TOO MANY S\RCES = ME TO ACCEPT ?IS !SIS40.<#d#h#g.> ,& ,HANS ,TURLEY1 :O ALSO EXPLOITS ! HOMO- ]OTIC !ME 9 HIS ,RUM1 ,SODOMY & ! ,LA%1 CONCLUDES ?AT 0! EVID5CE = PIRATICAL SODOMY IS SO SP>SE AS TO BE ALMO/ NONEXI/5T40.<#d#h#h.> ,ALL ?IS IS RA!R P]SUASIVE4 ,BURG'S !ORY1 :ILE ALLUR+1 (F]S LITTLE 9 T]MS ( EVID5CE & SOME ( ITS SOCIO-PSY*OLOGICAL CONSID]ATIONS >E RA!R DUBI\S4 ,!RE IS NO REASON TO BELIEVE ?AT ! RATIO BETWE5 HOMOSEXUALS ON ! ONE H& & HET]O- OR BISEXUAL M5 5GAG+ 9 HOMOSEXUAL PRACTICES ON ! O!R W\LD HAVE BE5 SIGNIFICANTLY HI<] AMONG ! ,C>IBBEAN BUCCANE]S & PIRATES ?AN 9 O!R ALL-MALE COMMUNITIES4 ,AS ,P4 ,K4 ,KEMP & ,*RI/OPH] ,LLOYD MAT]-(-FACTLY PUT IT3 0,S9CE CRUISES (T5 LA/$ A YE> OR MORE1 HOMOSEXUALITY WAS COMMON4 ,SU* WAS ! CU/OM ( ! COA/40.<#d#h#i.> ,FUR!R1 ! ACC\NTS ?AT REA* US ( ! BUCCANE]S' & PIRATES' SEXUAL LIFE A%ORE 9DICATE A PR$OM9ANTLY HET]OSEXUAL ORI5TATION4 ,HANS ,TURLEY QUOTES FROM A #agd ,HI/ORY ( ,JAMAICA3 0,W9E & WOM5 DRA9$ !IR . WEAL? TO SU* A DEGREE ?AT 9 A LITLE TIME SOME ( !M BECAME R$UC$ TO BEGG>Y4 ,!Y HAVE BE5 KN[N TO SP5D #b OR #c PIECES ( EI ,CRUZ ,APE/EGUI SAYS ?AT ! FAM$ BUCCANE] CAPTA9 0.<,H5RY.> ,MORGAN BLAM$ ! PRO/ITUTES = ! /ATE ( POV]TY 9 :I* HIS M5 LIV$40.<#d#i#a.> ,CAPTA9 ,JOHNSON SPEAKS ( ,BLACKBE>D'S CREW & ! 0LIB]TIES HE & HIS COMPANIONS (T5 TOOK ) ! WIVES & DAU ( ,$W>D ,5GL&'S & ,OLIVI] ,LA ,BUSE'S CREWS 0MAK+ FREE ) ! NEGRO WOM510.<#d#i#c.> ( ,CAPTA9 ,CORNELIUS' CREW FALL+ ILL BECAUSE ( 0BE+ TOO FREE ) ! WOM510.<#d#i#d.> & ( ,CAPTA9 ,NOR?'S CREW LIV+ 9 ,MADAGASC> AS 0POLYGAMI/S40.<#d#i#e.> ,EV5 IF ! BUCCANE] & PIRATE CREWS DID NOT 9CLUDE AN ABOVE AV]AGE NUMB] ( HOMOSEXUALS1 H[EV]1 ! ACCEPTANCE ( SAME-SEX 5C\NT]S )9 !M SEEM$ MU* /RONG] ?AN 9 COMP>ABLE GR\PS4 ,:ILE 0! ,ROYAL ,NAVY P]IODICALLY CONDUCT$ SAVAGE ANTIBUGG]Y CAMPAIGNS TO REPRESS HOMOSEXUAL PRACTICES AMONG M5 :O MIS10.<#d#i#f.> 0IT IS444 SIGNIFICANT ?AT 9 NO PIRATE >TICLES >E !RE ANY RULES AGA9/ HOMOSEXUALITY40.<#d#i#g.> ,EV5 IF ! OCCASIONAL MALTREATM5T ( A PIRATE 5GAG+ 9 HOMOSEXUAL ACTS IS REPORT$1.<#d#i#h.> IT MI ,IT MI ,9 ?IS S5SE1 !RE >E IMPLICATIONS ( ,BURG'S !ORY ?AT SEEM CONV9C+3 0,AMONG ! M5 ( ?IS SEAF>+ COMMUNITY1 !RE WAS NO NE$ TO HIDE SEXUAL ORI5TATION1 & ! ANXIETIES1 PSY*OLOGICAL DISRUPTIONS1 & PSY*OPA?OLOGICAL DIFFICULTIES ?AT (T5 RESULT FROM ?IS TYPE ( GUILT & REPRESSION DID NOT EM]GE40.<#e#a.> ,&3 ,! ALMO/ UNIV]SAL HOMOSEXUAL 9VOLVEM5T AMONG PIRATES MEANT HOMOSEXUAL PRACTICES W]E NEI!R DI/URB$1 P]V]T$1 EXOTIC1 NOR UNIQUELY DESIRABLE AMONG !M1 & ! ME*ANISMS = DEF5D+ & P]PETUAT+ SU* PRACTICES1 ?OSE ?+S ?AT SET ! MOD]N HOMOSEXUAL AP>T FROM HET]OSEXUAL SOCIETY1 W]E NEV] NECESS>Y4 ,! MALE 5GAG+ 9 SEXUAL ACTIVITY ) ANO!R MALE ABO>D A PIRATE %IP 9 ! ,WE/ ,9DIES ?REE C5TURIES PA/ WAS SIMPLY AN ORD9>Y MEMB] ( HIS COMMUNITY1 COMPLETELY SOCIALIZ$ & ACCULTURAT$4.<#e#b.> ,ACCORD+ TO ,MI*EL ,F\CAULT1 ! G5]AL HI/ORY ( HOMOSEXUALITY 9 ,EUROPEAN SOCIETY BEG9S 9 ! E>LY #a#h? C5TURY 7RI\ND ! GOLD5 AGE ( PIRACY7 ) HOMOSEXUALITY BECOM+ 0ONE ( ! =MS ( SEXUALITY :5 IT WAS TRANSPOS$ FROM ! PRACTICE ( SODOMY ONTO A K9D ( 9T]IOR &ROGYNY1 A H]MAPHRODISM ( ! S\L4 ,! SODOMITE HAD BE5 A TEMPOR>Y AB]RATION2 ! HOMOSEXUAL WAS N[ A SPECIES40.<#e#c.> ,F\CAULT CONCLUDES ?AT IT IS ! AG5CY ( SEX ?AT WE MU/ BREAK AWAY FROM1 IF WE AIM-- ?R\< A TACTICAL REV]SAL ( ! V>I\S ME*ANISMS ( SEXUALITY--TO C\NT] ! GRIPS ( P[] ) ! CLAIMS ( BODIES1 PLEASURES1 & KN[L$GES1 9 !IR MULTIPLICITY & !IR POSSIBILITY ( RESI/ANCE4 ,! RALLY+ PO9T = ! C\NT]ATACK AGA9/ ! DEPLOYM5T ( SEXUALITY \ #c4#g4 ,ESCAP+ ,DISCIPL9E & 0,BIOPOLITICS03 ,! ,PIRATE ,BODY ,IF1 AS ,F\CAULT SUGGE/S1 ! CONTROL EX]T$ OV] ! 9DIVIDUALS 9 ,EUROPEAN SOCIETIES S9CE ! #a#h? C5TURY IS TO A SIGNIFICANT DEGREE EX]T$ AS A CONTROL OV] !IR BODIES1 IT IS WOR? COMP>+ ! BODY ( ! PIRATE ) ! BODY ( ! CONTROLL$ & DISCIPL9$ ,EUROPEAN WORK]4 ,?IS COMP>ISON BECOMES P>TICUL>LY REVEAL+ :5 TY+ ,F\CAULT'S ANALYSIS TO ,M>CUS ,R$IK]'S DESCRIPTIONS ( ! M]*ANT %IP4 ,) RESPECT TO ! CONTROL ( ! PROLET>IAT1 ,F\CAULT PO9TS \T ?AT 0!RE HAD TO BE E/ABLI%$ A :OLE TE*NOLOGY ( CONTROL10 NAMELY 0S*OOL+1 ! POLITICS ( H\S+1 PUBLIC HYGI5E1 9/ITUTIONS ( RELIEF & 9SURANCE1 ! G5]AL M$ICALIZATION ( ! POPULATION1 9 %ORT1 AN 5TIRE ADM9I/RATIVE & TE*NICAL MA*9]Y40.<#e#e.> ,AN IMPORTANT P>T ( ?IS CONTROL WAS ! REGULATION ( SPACE3 ,DISCIPL9>Y SPACE T5DS TO BE DIVID$ 9TO AS MANY SECTIONS AS !RE >E BODIES OR ELEM5TS TO BE DI/RIBUT$4 ,ONE MU/ ELIM9ATE ! EFFECTS ( IMPRECISE DI/RIBUTIONS1 ! UNCONTROLL$ DISAPPE>ANCE ( 9DIVIDUALS1 !IR DIFFUSE CIRCULATION1 !IR UNUSABLE & DANG]\S COAGULATION2 IT WAS A TACTIC ( ANTI-DES]TION1 ANTI-VAGABONDAGE1 ANTI-CONC5TRATION4 ,ITS AIM WAS TO E/ABLI% PRES5CES & ABS5CES1 TO KN[ :]E & H[ TO LOCATE 9DIVIDUALS1 TO SET UP USEFUL COMMUNICATIONS1 TO 9T]RUPT O!RS1 TO BE ABLE AT EA* MOM5T TO SUP]VISE ! CONDUCT ( EA* 9DIVIDUAL1 TO ASSESS IT1 TO JUDGE IT1 TO CALCULATE ITS QUALITIES OR M]ITS4 ,IT WAS A PROC$URE1 !RE=E1 AIM$ AT KN[+1 MA/]+ & US+4 ,DISCIPL9E ORGANIZES AN ANALYTICAL SPACE4.<#e#f.> ,F\CAULT CALLS ?IS PROCESS FOCUS+ ON ! CONTROL ( ! 9DIVIDUAL AN 0ANATOMO-POLITICS ( ! HUMAN BODY40 .<#e#g.> ,?IS POLITICS IS SOON ACCOMPANI$-- & EV5TUALLY SURPASS$--BY A 0BIO-POLITICS ( ! POPULATION10.<#e#h.> DESCRIB$ BY ,F\CAULT AS SOME?+ NEW EM]G+ 9 ! SECOND HALF ( ! EIY4444,UNLIKE DISCIPL9E1 :I* IS ADDRESS$ TO BODIES1 ! NEW NONDISCIPL9>Y P[] IS APPLI$ NOT TO MAN-AS-BODY BUT TO ! LIV+ MAN1 TO MAN-AS-SPECIES4 ,TO BE MORE SPECIFIC1 ,I W\LD SAY ?AT DISCIPL9E TRIES TO RULE A MULTIPLICITY ( M5 TO ! EXT5T ?AT !IR MULTIPLICITY CAN & MU/ BE DISSOLV$ 9TO 9DIVIDUAL BODIES ?AT CAN BE KEPT UND] SURVEILLANCE1 TRA9$1 US$1 &1 IF NE$ BE1 PUNI%$4 ,& ?AT ! NEW TE*NOLOGY ?AT IS BE+ E/ABLI%$ IS ADDRESS$ TO A MULTIPLICITY ( M51 NOT TO ! EXT5T ?AT !Y >E NO?+ MORE ?AN !IR 9DIVIDUAL BODIES1 BUT TO ! EXT5T ?AT !Y =M1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 A GLOBAL MASS ?AT IS AFFECT$ BY OV]ALL PROCESSES *>ACT]I/IC ( BIR?1 DEA?1 PRODUCTION1 ILLNESS1 & SO ON4 ,SO AFT] A FIR/ SEIZURE ( P[] OV] ! BODY 9 AN 9DIVIDUALIZ+ MODE1 WE HAVE A SECOND SEIZURE ( P[] ?AT IS NOT 9DIVIDUALIZ+ BUT1 IF Y\ LIKE1 MASSIFY+1 ?AT IS DIRECT$ NOT AT MAN-AS-BODY BUT AT MAN-AS-SPECIES4 ,AFT] ! ANATOMO-POLITICS ( ! HUMAN BODY E/ABLI%$ 9 ! C\RSE ( ! EI ,M>CUS ,R$IK]'S BRILLIANT /UDY ( SEAM5 CULTURE 9 ! #a#g? & #a#h? C5TURIES1 ,BETWE5 ! ,DEVIL & ! ,DEEP ,BLUE ,SEA1 PROVIDES MANY EXAMPLES ?AT CONFIRM ,F\CAULT'S !ORY4 ,R$IK] ILLU/RATES ! ORIG9AL DISCIPL9+ ( 9DIVIDUALS 9 ! CONTEXT ( ! #a#g?-C5TURY 0EXPANSION ( ! WORLD CAPITALI/ ECONOMY & ITS NE$ = NEW TYPES ( AU?ORITY & DISCIPL9E0 :5 PO9T+ \T ?AT ANY WORK] :O CAME FROM A WORK%OP1 A F>M1 OR AN E/ATE TO ! %IP 5T]$ NOT ONLY ONE ( ! GREAT TE*NOLOGICAL WOND]S ( ! DAY BUT A NEW SET ( PRODUCTIVE RELATIONS AS WELL4 ,! SEAMAN WAS CONF9$ )9 A SPATIALLY LIMIT$ LABOR+ 5VIRONM5T1 =C$ TO CULTIVATE REGUL> HABITS & KEEP REGUL> H\RS1 & PLACE 9 COOP]ATIVE RELATION%IPS ) BO? O!R WORK]S & ! SUP]VISORS ( HIS LABOR4 ,9 ALL ( !SE WAYS1 ! SEAMAN'S EXP]I5CE =E%AD[$ ?AT ( ! FACTORY WORK] DUR+ ! ,9DU/RIAL ,REVOLUTION4 ,NEW PAT]NS ( AU?ORITY & DISCIPL9E W]E CRUCIAL TO ! PROCESS ( 9DU/RIALIZATION4.<#e#a.> ,CONFIRM+ ,F\CAULT'S TIMEL9E1 ,R$IK] WRITES 0?AT QUE/IONS ( AU?OR- ITY & LABOR DISCIPL9E AT SEA TOOK ON SPECIAL SIGNIFICANCE AFT] #a#f#i40.<#e#a#a.> ,HE ALSO DESCRIBES ! GRADUAL %IF FROM ANATOMO-POLITICS TO BIO-POLITICS )9 ! AU?ORIT>IAN 9/ITUTION ( ! %IP3 0,! %IP WAS A 'TOTAL 9/ITUTION' 9 :I* ! CAPTA9 HAD =MAL P[]S OV] ! LABOR PROCESS1 ! DISP5S+ ( FOOD1 ! MA9T5ANCE ( HEAL?1 & G5]AL SOCIAL LIFE ON BO>D ! %IP4 ,SU* =MAL & 9=MAL CONTROLS 9VE/$ ! CAPTA9 ) NE>- DICTATORIAL P[]S & MADE ! %IP ONE ( ! E>LIE/ TOTALIT>IAN WORK 5VIRONM5TS40.<#e#a#b.> ,&3 0,CONTROL OV] PHYSICAL PUNI%M5T & FOOD EQUAL$ A MEASURE ( CONTROL OV] HEAL?1 A MAT] ( SPECIAL IMPORTANCE AMONG M5 :O NOTORI\SLY SUFF]$ FROM YELL[ FEV]1 MAL>IA1 DYS5T]Y1 & SCURVY4 ,A FULLY DOCUM5T$ CASE FROM #agca REVEALS H[ !SE ISSUES ( DISCIPL9E1 FOOD1 & HEAL? 9T]TW9$ 9 AN 9TRICATE SPIRAL ( P[] & AU?ORITY40.<#e#a#c.> ,?R\< V>I\S %IFS & MODIFICATIONS1 !SE PROCESSES HAVE CONT9U$ TO DEF9E \R POLITICS TO ?IS DAY1 LEAD+ ,GIORGIO ,AGAMB5 TO CONCLUDE ?AT 0BECAUSE POLITICS 9 \R AGE HAD BE5 5TIRELY TRANS=M$ 9TO BIO-POLITICS WAS IT POSSIBLE = POLITICS TO BE CON/ITUT$ AS TOTALIT>IAN POLITICS TO A DEGREE HI!RTO UNKN[N40.<#e#a#d.> ,ADD+ ?AT1 0FROM ?IS P]SPECTIVE1 ! CAMP--AS ! PURE1 ABSOLUTE1 & IMPASSABLE BIOPOLITICAL SPACE 79S(> AS IT IS F\ND$ SOLELY ON ! /ATE ( EXCEPTION7--WILL APPE> AS ! HIDD5 P>ADIGM ( ! POLITICAL SPACE ( MOD]NITY10.<#e#a#e.> ! SUBV]SIVE IMAG]Y ( ! PIRATE %IP COMES ALIVE4 ,:ILE AS A 0TOTAL 9/ITUTION0 ANY %IP CAN RESEMBLE A CAMP1 AS AN >*ETYPE1 IT REMA9S OPPOS$ TO ANY SU* NOTION3 IT 9DICATES MOVEM5T1 FLOAT+1 ! CROSS+ ( BORD]S2 IT DEFIES ! 0DISCIPL9+0 ( SPACE4 ,9 ?IS CONTEXT1 ! ORGANIZATION ( ! PIRATE %IP DIFF]$ RADICALLY FROM ! RIGID REGIME ON NAVY & M]*ANT %IPS BY ALL ACC\NTS4 ,9/EAD ( DISCIPL9$ 9DIVIDUAL SAILORS ASSIGN$ TO C]TA9 TIMES1 PLACES1 & DUTIES1 WE 5C\NT] A WILD V>IETY ( BODIES & 0A REGIME ?AT WAS RELAX$ & EASY-GO+40.<#e#a#f.> ,*RI/OPH] ,HILL DESCRIBES ! DIFF]5CE AS ONE 0BETWE5 A FACTORY & A CO- OP]ATIVE10.<#e#a#g.> :I* GIVES YET ANO!R BOO/ TO ! PIRATE %IP'S ANTI-DISCIPL9>Y & ANTI-BIO-POLITICAL SYMBOLISM4 ,:ILE 0,WE/]N CIVILIZATION HAS HAD P]SI/5T TR\BLE 9 HONOR+ ! DIGNITY ( ! BODY & DIV]SITY ( HUMAN BODIES10.<#e#a#h.> IT SEEMS ?AT ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES ESCAP$ ?IS FLAW4 #c4#h4 ,EYE ,PAT*ES1 ,HOOK ,H&S1 & ,WOOD5 ,LEGS3 ,PIRACY & ,DISABILITY ,IT MU/ BE ONE ( ! MO/ NOTABLE A*IEVEM5TS ( ! ,C>IBBEAN BUCCANE]S & PIRATES ?AT !Y >E AB\T ! ONLY COMMUNITIES 9 ,WE/]N HI/ORY ?AT HAVE MANAG$ TO MAKE PHYSICAL DISABILITIES LOOK COOL4.<#e#a#i.> ,MANY KIDS HAVE GONE ?R\< /R5U\S EF=TS TO SPORT PEG LEGS & HOOK H&S AT ,HALL[E51 :ILE ! MU* EASI] APPLI$ EYE PAT* IS A P]5NIAL CO/UME FAVORITE4 ,EV5 ?\< ! PRES5CE ( PEG LEGS1 HOOK H&S & EYE PAT*ES WAS C]TA9LY EXAGG]AT$ BY POPUL> REPRES5TATIONS ( ! PIRATES 9 ! #b? C5TURY1 !RE >E 9DICATIONS ?AT !Y W]E A FAIRLY COMMON REALITY AMONG BUCCANE]S & PIRATES4 ,SOME SUCCESSFUL BUCCANE] CAPTA9S1 LIKE ! ,DUT* ,CORNELIS ,CORNELISZOON ,JOL OR ! ,FR5* ,FRANCOIS LE ,CL]C1 WORE PEG LEGS4 ,SO DID ! PIRATE V\*+ = ! CAPTUR$ ,CAPTA9 ,MACKRA 9 ONE ( ! BE/ KN[N EPISODES FROM ,JOHNSON'S ,G5]AL ,HI/ORY1.<#e#b.> & ,WILLIAM ,PHILLIPS1 A PIRATE /&+ TRIAL 9 ,BO/ON 9 #a#g#b#d4.<#e#b#a.> ,PET] ,E>LE ALSO CITES DOCUM5TS ?AT M5TION ONE 0,JOHN ,F5N1 'A ONE-H&$ MAN1'0.<#e#b#b.> & 0',DOM+O ,=T1 A LAME MAN :OM ! ,C\RT DEEM'D AN OBJECT ( PITY4'0.<#e#b#c.> ,FUR!RMORE1 ! DECL>ATION ( LOYALTY ?AT ,CAPTA9 ,TEW RECEIV$ FROM HIS CREW 9 ! ,G5]AL ,HI/ORY SEEMS TELL+3 0,A GOLD *A91 OR A WOOD5 LEG1 WE'LL /& BY Y\40.<#e#b#d.> ,! IMPLICATIONS ( READILY EMBRAC+ PHYSICAL DISABILITIES 9 ! PIRATE CONTEXT >E NOT ALL ROSY ( C\RSE4 ,! MA9 REASON ?AT PIRATES LIFT DISABILITY BEYOND DEFICI5CY IS ?AT !Y R5D] IT AS PRO( ( MANL9ESS1 C\RAGE1 & AUDACITY4 ,AS DOCUM5T$ 9 ! EYE-OP5+ VOLUME ,DISABL$ ,VET]ANS 9 ,HI/ORY1 ?IS HAS ALWAYS DI/+UI%$ DISABL$ W> VET]ANS--0(T5444 S5TIM5TALLY LIONIZ$ 9 ! AB/RACT AS H]OES0.<#e#b#e.>--FROM O!R DISABL$ M5 & WOM5 9 ,WE/]N SOCIETIES TO ! PO9T ( CAUS+ RIFS 9 ! MOVEM5T = DISABILITY RIE BUT ( 0A REW>D =444 S]VICE0.<#e#b#f.>74 ,OBVI\SLY1 ?IS PO9TS TO A POLITICAL AMBIVAL5CE4 ,:ILE ! ACCEPTANCE ( DISABILITY ITSELF MU/ BE UNCOMPROMIS+LY WELCOM$1 ! UND]LY+ VALUES MU/ NOT4 ,! #be DOCUM5T>Y FILM ,MURD]BALL1 D$ICAT$ TO DISABL$ QUAD RUGBY PLAY]S1 /RIK+LY EXEMPLIFIES ! PROBLEM3 :ILE ! PLAY]S' ATITUDES T[>DS !IR DISABILITIES >E TREM5D\SLY UPLIF+1 ! FILM'S UND]LY+ VALUES ( TRADITIONAL MASCUL9ITY >E DEEPLY TR\BL+4 ,:AT REMA9S NONE!LESS REM>KABLE 9 ! PIRATE CONTEXT IS ?AT ?OSE :O DID SUFF] A P]MAN5T DISABILITY W]E (T5 PROVID$ = BY !IR CREW4 ,:ILE ! >TICLES ( ! BUCCANE] CREWS ALREADY 9CLUD$ PAYM5TS = 9JURIES ?AT L$ TO P]MAN5T DISABILITIES1 !SE PAYM5TS W]E COMP5SATIONS RA!R ?AN ACTUAL SOCIAL S]VICE4 ,! GOLD5 AGE PIRATE CREWS 9TRODUC$ ! LAT]4 ,>TICLE NUMB] SIX ( ! PIRATE CREW SAIL+ UND] ,CAPTA9 ,GEORGE ,L[!R PROMIS$ NOT ONLY COMP5SAT+ PAYM5T = 0HE ?AT %ALL HAVE ! MIS=TUNE TO LOSE A LIMB0 BUT ALSO TO 0REMA9 ) ! COMPANY AS LONG AS HE %ALL ?9K FIT40.<#e#b#g.> ,EV5 PIRATE HI/ORIANS B]EF ( ALL ROMANTICISM CONC$E3 0,:ILE 9JUR$ NAVAL RAT+S W]E CA/ A%ORE TO BEG OR />VE1 PIRATES LOOK$ AFT] !IR [N4 ,PIRATE CODES W]E REVOLUTION>Y SOCIAL *>T]S = !IR TIME40.<#e#b#h.> ,9 ,M>CUS ,R$IK]'S WORDS1 ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES 0ANTICIPAT$ A MOD]N IDEA ?AT MANY CONSID] ONE ( ! MO/ HUMANE ( \R TIMES3 CREAT+ !IR [N SOCIAL SECURITY SY/EM40.<#e#b#i.> ,AN EXCIT+1 YET 5ORM\SLY *ALL5G+ PROJECT W\LD BE TO RELATE ! DISCUSSION ( PIRATE HOMOSEXUALITY TO ?AT ( PIRATE DISABILITY1 PROVID+ A FASC9AT+ CASE /UDY = ! RELATIVELY NEW FIELD ( ,CRIP ,!ORY :OSE MO/ PROM95T EXPON5TS DECL>E ?AT 0COMPULSORY HET]OSEXUALITY IS CONT+5T ON COMPULSORY ABLE-BODI$NESS1 & VICE V]SA40.<#e#c.> ,IF1 AS ,ROB]T ,MC,RU] SUGGE/S 9 ,CRIP ,!ORY3 ,CULTURAL ,SIGNS ( ,QUE]NESS & ,DISABILITY1 0,CRIP ,!ORY COMES ALONG TO %[ ?AT ANO!R WORLD IS POSSIBLE10.<#e#c#a.> !N MAYBE ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES PROVID$ FIR/ GLIMPSES 9 ?IS RESPECT4 ,! SUBV]SIVE DIM5SIONS ( ! ACCEPTANCE ( PHYSICAL DISABILITY )9 !IR RANKS SEEM CLE>4 ,:ILE 0,WE/]N NATIONS EMBRAC$ CAPITALISM1 A SY/EM PR$ICAT$ ON ABLE-BODI$ IDEALS10.<#e#c#b.> ! PIRATES' EMBRAC$ PLUND] & Z]O-PRODUCTION1 A SY/EM PR$ICAT$ ON MULTI-BODI$ IDEALS4 ,! DIFF]5CE BETWE5 ! TWO >GUABLY BE/ KN[N DISABL$ *>ACT]S 9 ! HI/ORY ( ,ANGLO-,AM]ICAN LIT]ATURE1 ,L\IS ,/EV5SON'S ,LONG ,JOHN ,SILV] & ,H]MAN ,MELVILLE'S ,AHAB1 IS /RIK+4 ,LONG ,JOHN ,SILV]1 ?\< H>D5$ & FE>SOME1 IS AN 5T]TA9+ & *E]FUL FELL[4 ,AHAB IS BIT] & D$ICATES HIS 5TIRE LIFE TO REV5GE ON ! CREATURE HE HOLDS RESPONSIBLE = HIS DISABILITY4 ,ROSEM>IE ,G>L& ,TOMSON1 AU?OR ( ! GR\NDBREAK+ ,EXTRAORD9>Y ,BODIES3 ,FIGUR+ ,PHYSICAL ,DISABILITY 9 ,AM]ICAN ,CULTURE & ,LIT]ATURE1 LOCATES ,AHAB'S ANG] 9 ! FACT ?AT1 9 HIS M9D1 HE IS 0NOT A SELF- MADE MAN1 BUT A :ALE-MADE MAN40.<#e#c#c.> ,?IS MAKES HIM 0! QU9TESS5TIAL DISABL$ FIGURE 9 ,AM]ICAN LIT]ATURE0.<#e#c#d.> :OSE 0DISABL$ BODY EXPOSES ! ILLUSION ( AUTONOMY1 SELF-GOV]NM5T1 & SELF-DET]M9ATION & UND]P9S ! FANTASY ( ABSOLUTE ABLE-BODI$NESS40.<#e#c#e.> ,IF !RE IS TRU? 9 ?IS ANALYSIS1 IT W\LD R5D] ! ACCEPTANCE ( PHYSICAL DISABILITY AMONG ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES A SIMULTANE\S REJECTION ( ?IS ILLUSION & AN ACKN[L$GM5T ( \R 9DIVIDUAL 9COMPLET5ESS & DEP5D5CE ON O!RS--A TRULY REVOLUTION>Y CONCEPT 9 ! FACE ( ! CU?ROAT 9DIVIDUALISM ?AT HAS BECOME ! IDEOLOGICAL F\NDATION ( ,WE/]N LIFE4 #d4 0,NI DIEU1 NI MAITRE0 ,GOLD5 ,AGE ,PIRACY & ,POLITICS #d4#a4 ,FROM 0,BRE?R5 ( ! ,COA/0 TO A 0,COMMONWEAL? ( ,\TLAWS03 ,PIRATE ,ORGANIZATION ,A LOT HAS BE5 WRIT5 AB\T ! EGALIT>IANISM & DEMOCRATIC *>ACT]--OR 0! DEFIANT1 /ATELESS1 P]IPATETIC COLLECTIVITY0.<#e#c#f.>--( ! ,C>IBBEAN BUCCANE] & PIRATE COMMUNITIES4 ,EV5 NON-RADICAL HI/ORIANS CONC$E ?AT ! 0PIRATE COMMUNITIES W]E444DEMOCRACIES4 ,A HUNDR$ YE>S BE=E ! ,FR5* ,REVOLUTION1 ! PIRATE COMPANIES W]E RUN ON L9ES 9 :I* LIB]TY1 EQUALITY & BRO!RHOOD W]E ! RULE RA!R ?AN ! EXCEPTION40.<#e#c#g.> ,! BUCCANE]'S SOCIETY HAS BE5 CALL$ 0! MO/ DEMOCRATIC 9/ITUTION 9 ! WORLD ( ! SEV5TE5? C5TURY10.<#e#c#h.> & 0ESS5TIALLY COMMUNI/IC 9 ITS ORGANIZATION40.<#e#c#i.> ,M>ITIME METAPHORS LIKE 0FLOAT+ DEMOCRACY0.<#e#d.> OR 0FLOAT+ REPUBLIC0.<#e#d#a.> AB\ND4 ,ACCORD+ TO ,J5IF] ,G4 ,M>X1 0! ,TORTUGA BUCCANE]S BEGAN TO CALL !MSELVES ! ,BRE?R5 ( ! ,COA/ AB\T #a#f#d4 ,TO BECOME A MEMB] ( ?IS DEMOCRATIC CONFRAT]NITY A MAN V[$ TO SUBSCRIBE TO A /RICT CODE CALL$ ! ,CU/OM ( ! ,COA/40.<#e#d#b.> ,IT IS WOR? QUOT+ ,EXQUEMEL9'S V]SION ( ! CODE AT L5G?3 ,!Y . AGREE UPON C]TA9 >TICLES1 :I* >E PUT 9 WRIT+1 BY WAY ( BOND OR OBLIGATION1 :I* EV]Y ONE IS B\ND TO OBS]VE1 & ALL ( !M1 OR ! *IEF1 SET !IR H&S TO IT4 ,H]E9 !Y SPECIFY1 & SET D[N V]Y DI/9CTLY1 :AT SUMS ( MONEY EA* P>TICUL> P]SON \Y ( ! C>P5T]1 OR %IPWRIE5$1 M5D$ & RIGG$ ! VESSEL4 ,?IS COMMONLY AM\NTS TO ONE HUNDR$ OR AN HUNDR$ & FIFY PIECES ( EIDS = PROVISIONS & VICTUAL+ !Y DRAW \T ( ! SAME /OCK AB\T TWO HUNDR$ PIECES ( EIY = ! SURGEON & HIS *E/ ( M$ICAM5TS1 :I* USUALLY IS RAT$ AT TWO HUNDR$ OR TWO HUNDR$ & FIFY PIECES ( EID EA* ONE \M SIX HUNDR$ PIECES ( EIM FIVE HUNDR$ PIECES ( EID AS = ! EYE4 ,ALL :I* SUMS ( MONEY1 AS ,I HAVE SAID BE=E1 >E TAK5 \T ( ! CAPITAL SUM OR COMMON /OCK ( :AT IS GOT BY !IR PIRACY4 ,= A V]Y EXACT & EQUAL DIVID5D IS MADE ( ! REMA9D] AMONG !M ALL4 ,YET H]E9 !Y HAVE ALSO REG>D TO QUALITIES & PLACES4 ,?IS ! CAPTA91 OR *IEF COMM&]1 IS ALLOT$ FIVE OR SIX PORTIONS TO :AT ! ORD9>Y SEAM5 HAVE2 ! MA/]'S MATE ONLY TWO2 & O!R (FIC]S PROPORTIONATE TO !IR EMPLOYM5T4 ,AFT] :OM !Y DRAW EQUAL P>TS FROM ! HI9]1 ! BOYS NOT BE+ OMIT$4 ,= EV5 !SE DRAW HALF A %>E1 BY REASON ?AT1 :5 !Y HAPP5 TO TAKE A BET] VESSEL ?AN !IR [N1 IT IS ! DUTY ( ! BOYS TO SET FIRE TO ! %IP OR BOAT :]E9 !Y >E1 & !N RETIRE TO ! PRIZE !Y HAVE TAK54 ,!Y OBS]VE AMONG !MSELVES V]Y GOOD ORD]S4 ,= ! PRIZES !Y TAKE1 IT IS SEV]ELY PROHIBIT$ TO EV]Y ONE TO USURP ANY?+ 9 P>TICUL> TO !MSELVES4 ,H5CE ALL !Y TAKE IS EQUALLY DIVID$1 ACCORD+ TO :AT HAS BE5 SAID BE=E4 ,YEA1 !Y MAKE A SOLEMN OA? TO EA* O!R NOT TO ABSCOND1 OR CONCEAL ! LEA/ ?+ !Y F9D AMONG PREY4 ,IF AFT]W>DS ANY ONE IS F\ND UNFAI?FUL1 :O HAS CONTRAV5$ ! SAID OA?1 IMM$IATELY HE IS SEP>AT$ & TURN$ \T ( ! SOCIETY4.<#e#d#c.> ,! MO/ NOTEWOR?Y ASPECTS ( ?IS ACC\NT SEEM TO BE3 #a4 ! COLLECTIVE & EGALIT>IAN *>ACT] ( =MULAT+ ! >TICLES & AGREE+ ON !M2 #b4 ! RELATIVE EQUALITY 9 %>ES2 #c4 ! COMMUNAL >RANGEM5T ( PROVISIONS2 #d4 ! COMP5SATION = 9JURIES2 #e4 ! HI< VALUE PUT ON HONE/Y & JU/ICE2 #f4 ! PUNI%M5T BY EXCLUSION2 #g4 ! M5TION+ ( SLAVES AS CURR5CY4 ,:AT DI/+UI%ES ! BUCCANE]S' >TICLES MO/ NOTABLY FROM ?OSE ( ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES >E ! DIVISION ( %>ES 7!Y W\LD BECOME MORE EQUITABLE 9 ! GOLD5 AGE71 & ! TEMPORAL *>ACT] ( ! CONTRACT ?AT REMA9S B\ND TO A C]TA9 EXP$ITION RA!R ?AN CON/ITUT+ A DESIGN = POSSIBLE LONG-T]M COMPANY4 ,! LI/+ ( SLAVES AS POT5TIAL CURR5CY H9TS AT A G5]AL PROBLEM ( ! BUCCANE] SOCIETY 7LAT]--ALBEIT UND] DIFF]5T CIRCUM/ANCES--REPRODUC$ BY ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES73 :ILE 0BRO!RHOOD0 & SOLID>ITY >E EMPHASIZ$ AMONG ! BUCCANE]S1 O!RS REMA9 EXCLUD$ FROM !IR MORAL UNIV]SE4 ,?IS1 H[EV]1 DOES NOT *ANGE ! FACT ?AT 0! BUCCANE] VESSELS W]E AUTONOM\S UNITS OP]AT+ ON A DEMOCRATIC REGIME10.<#e#d#d.> & ?AT 0!RE %\LD444BE NO D\BT ?AT1 :]E A SAILOR ON A 'NORMAL' %IP WAS SUBJECT TO A DESPOTIC REGIME1 AMONG ! ,BRE?R5 ( ! ,COA/ HE WAS CONSID]$ A MAN AMONG EQUALS ) A FULL VOTE 9 ! ADOPTION ( DECISIONS40.<#e#d#e.> ,MANY ( ! BUCCANE]S' PR9CIPLES LAT] GOT TRANSLAT$ 9TO ! >TICLES ( ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES4 ,CAPTA9 ,JOHNSON LI/S ?REE DETAIL$ SETS ( >TICLES3 ?OSE ( ! COMPANIES ( ,CAPTA9 ,B>?OLOMEW ,ROB]TS1 ,CAPTA9 ,GEORGE ,L[!R1 & ,CAPTA9 ,JOHN ,PHILLIPS4 ,JOHNSON WRITES ?AT ! >TICLES ( ,CAPTA9 ,PHILLIPS W]E 0TAK5 V]BATIM10.<#e#d#f.> :ILE ?OSE ( ,B>?OLOMEW ,ROB]TS ONLY CON/ITUTE 0! SUB/ANCE ( ! >TICLES1 AS TAK5 FROM ! PIRATES' [N 9=MATIONS10.<#e#d#g.> S9CE1 BE=E BE+ CAPTUR$1 0!Y HAD TAK5 C>E TO ?R[ OV]BO>D ! ORIG9AL !Y HAD SIGN$ & SWORN TO40.<#e#d#h.> ,!RE IS NO SPECIFICATION ) RESPECT TO ! ORIG9S ( ,CAPTA9 ,L[!R'S >TICLES1 QUOT$ H]E3 I4 ,! ,CAPTA9 IS TO HAVE TWO FULL %>ES2 ! MA/] IS TO HAVE ONE %>E & A HALF2 ! DOCTOR1 MATE1 GUNN] & BOATSWA91 ONE %>E & A QU>T]4 II4 ,HE ?AT %ALL BE F\ND GUILTY ( TAK+ UP ANY UNLAWFUL WEAPON ON BO>D ! PRIVATE] OR ANY PRIZE BY US TAK51 SO AS TO /RIKE OR ABUSE ONE ANO!R 9 ANY REG>D1 %ALL SUFF] :AT PUNI%M5T ! ,CAPTA9 & MAJORITY ( ! ,COMPANY %ALL ?9K FIT4 III4 ,HE ?AT %ALL BE F\ND GUILTY ( C[>DICE 9 ! RIME ( 5GAGEM5T %ALL SUFF] :AT PUNI%M5T ! ,CAPTA9 & ! ,MAJORITY %ALL ?9K FIT4 IV4 ,IF ANY GOLD1 JEWELS1 SILV] ETC41 BE F\ND ON BO>D ( ANY PRIZE OR PRIZES1 TO ! VALUE ( A PIECE-(-EIT]MA/] 9 ! SPACE ( #bd H\RS1 %ALL SUFF] :AT PUNI%M5T ! ,CAPTA9 & ! ,MAJORITY %ALL ?9K FIT4 V4 ,HE ?AT IS F\ND GUILTY ( GAM+1 OR DEFRAUD+ ANO!R TO ! VALUE ( A %ILL+1 %ALL SUFF] :AT PUNI%M5T ! ,CAPTA9 & MAJORITY ( ! ,COMPANY %ALL ?9K FIT4 VI4 ,HE ?AT %ALL HAVE ! MIS=TUNE TO LOSE A LIMB1 9 TIME ( 5GAGEM5T1 %ALL HAVE ! SUM ( ,L4#a#e /]L+1 & REMA9 ) ! COMPANY AS LONG AS HE %ALL ?9K FIT4 VII4 ,GOOD QU>T] TO BE GIV5 :5 CALL$ =4 VIII4 ,HE ?AT SEES A SAIL FIR/1 %ALL HAVE ! BE/ PI/OL OR SMALL >M ON BO>D H]4.<#e#d#i.> ,ALL ( !SE >TICLES >E CONFIRM$ BY ?OSE ( ,PHILLIPS & ,ROB]TS4 ,!IR >TICLES >E MORE SPECIFIC1 H[EV]1 :5 IT COMES TO ! SORT ( PUNI%M5T H&$ \T--0DEA? OR M>OON+0--& 9CLUDE SOME 9T]E/+ DETAILS NOT F\ND AMONG ,L[!RS'3 ,PHILLIPS' >TICLES ANN\NCE PUNI%M5T = ?OSE :O SIGN UP ) ANO!R PIRATE %IP 0)\T ! CONS5T ( \R COMPANY10 = ?OSE :O 0/RIKE ANO!R :IL/ !SE >TICLES >E 9 =CE10 = ?OSE :O 0SMOKE TOBACCO 9 ! HOLD )\T A CAP TO . PIPE1 OR C>RY A C&LE LI >MS CLEAN1 FIT = AN 5GAGEM5T40 ,!Y 5D ) ! ?REAT ?AT 0IF AT ANY TIME Y\ MEET ) A PRUD5T WOMAN1 ?AT MAN ?AT (F]S TO M$DLE ) H]1 )\T H] CONS5T1 %ALL SUFF] PRES5T DEA?0--A REM>K 9T]E/+ AS MU* = ITS APP>5T NECESSITY & ! NO-NONS5SE PUNI%M5T AS = ! TR\BL+ SPECIFICATION ( 0PRUD5T0 WOM54.<#e#e.> ,ROB]TS' >TICLES /IPULATE ! NE$ 0TO KEEP . PIECE1 PI/OLS & CUTLASS CLEAN & FIT = S]VICE10 & 9CLUDE SOME FUR!R SPECIFICS1 ESPECIALLY ) RESPECT TO ! DEMOCRATIC & COMMUNAL /RUCTURES ON BO>D3 0,EV]Y MAN HAS A VOTE 9 AFFAIRS ( MOM5T2 HAS EQUAL TITLE TO ! FRE% PROVISIONS OR /RONG LIQUOR AT ANY TIME SEIZ$1 & . USE !M AT PLEASURE UNLESS A SC>CITY444MAKE IT NECESS>Y = ! GOOD ( ALL TO VOTE A RETR5*M5T40 ,! >TICLES ALSO 9CLUDE A PUNI%M5T = !F FROM A FELL[ COMPANY MEMB] ?AT IS REM9ISC5T ( ! BUCCANE]S' ORIG9AL PRACTICE3 0SLIT+ ! E>S & NOSE ( HIM ?AT WAS GUILTY1 & SET HIM ON %ORE1 NOT 9 AN UN9HABIT$ PLACE BUT SOME:]E :]E HE WAS SURE TO 5C\NT] H>D%IPS40 ,FUR!RMORE1 0NO BOY OR WOMAN0 WAS ALL[$ AMONG ! M51 & 0IF ANY MAN W]E F\ND S$UC+ ! LAT] SEX1 & C>RI$ H] TO SEA DISGUIS$1 HE WAS TO SUFF] DEA?40 ,ALSO1 0LI TO BE PUT \T AT EI DEBAU*S0 BUT 0PROV$ 9EFFECTUAL407 0,! MUSICIANS10 F9ALLY1 W]E 0TO HAVE RE/ ON ! SABBA? DAY1 BUT ! O!R SIX DAYS & NI ,OV]ALL1 ! >TICLES 9DICATE A RADICALLY EGALIT>IAN & DEMOCRATIC COMMUNITY--A *>ACT]I/IC ?AT TO MANY DEF9ES ! BACKBONE ( ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES' SOCIAL EXP]IM5T4 ,IT IS WOR? QUOT+ ,ROB]T ,C4 ,RIT*IE'S 9T]PRETATION ( ?IS AT L5G?3 ,! M>AUD]S W&]$ ! SEAS1 DIVID+ & COALESC+ LIKE AMOEBAS4 ,!Y LIV$ 9 SMALL SELF-CONTA9$ DEMOCRACIES ?AT USUALLY OP]AT$ BY MAJORITY VOTE1 ) ! M9ORITY ASK$ 7OR =C$7 TO LEAVE 9 ORD] TO KEEP ! REMA9+ CREW 9 HAPPY CONS5SUS4 ,! M>AUD]S RAID$ FI%+ VESSELS1 T[NS1 %IPS--VIRTUALLY ANY?+ A%ORE OR AFLOAT--9 SE>* ( SUPPLIES OR LOOT4 ,EV]Y SO (T5 !Y W\LD RETURN TO A SAFE PORT TO SELL !IR GOODS & 5JOY !MSELVES4 ,%ORTLY !REAFT] !Y W\LD GO BACK TO SEA AGA94 ,MANY M5 REMA9$ AT SEA = YE>S1 OR RETIR$ TO SMALL SETLEM5TS 9 \T-(-!-WAY PLACES1 OR ELSE CROSS$ 9TO NON-,EUROPEAN SOCIETIES4 ,9 ?IS S5SE !Y W]E M>G9AL M5 FRE$ FROM SOCIAL CONV5TIONS1 LIV+ BEYOND RE/RA9T EXCEPT = ! FEW RULES !Y SET = !MSELVES4 ,FEW EV] RETURN$ HOME AGA92 ! SEA1 HUNG]1 ?IR/1 DISEASE1 & FIAUD]S W]E 9CREAS+ 9 NUMB] & EXT5D+ !IR RANGE4 ,AS WE %ALL SEE1 *ANG+ VALUES1 PROSP]ITY1 & DEF5SE NE$S MADE PIRACY LESS & LESS ATRACTIVE TO (FICIALS & M]*ANTS1 :O GRADUALLY )DREW !IR SPONSOR%IP4 ,! FIELD WAS LEFT TO M>AUD]S1 :O CONT9U$ TO CLU/] >\ND ! P]IPH]Y ( EMPIRE4.<#e#e#b.> ,ONE IMPORTANT ASPECT ( ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES' ORGANIZATION--ALSO 9 COMP>ISON TO ?AT ( ! BUCCANE]S--WAS ! ROLE ( ! QU>T]MA/]1 ATRACTIVELY DESCRIB$ BY ,CAPTA9 ,JOHNSON3 0,! QU>T]MA/]'S OP9ION IS LIKE ! MUFTI'S AMONG ! ,TURKS4 ,! CAPTA9 CAN UND]TAKE NO?+ :I* ! QU>T]MA/] DOES NOT APPROVE4 ,WE MAY SAY ! QU>T]MA/] IS A HUMBLE IMITATION ( ! ,ROMAN ,TRIBUNE ( ! PEOPLE2 HE SPEAKS = & LOOKS AFT] ! 9T]E/ ( ! CREW40.<#e#e#c.> ,HE WAS ALSO APPO9T$ BY ! CREW4 ,A C\RT TRANSCRIPT ( A PIRATE TRIAL TELLS ( ONE ,JOHN ,>*] :O1 0BE+ ASK$ H[ HE CAME TO BE QU>T]MA/]1 ANSW]$ ?AT ! COMPANY ?\T]MA/] & SO *OSE HIM40.<#e#e#d.> ,IT SEEMS ?AT ! PIRATE CREWS MADE A CONSCI\S EF=T TO1 FIR/1 R$UCE ! CONSID]ABLE GAP ?AT /ILL EXI/$ BETWE5 CAPTA9 & CREW AMONG ! BUCCANE]S1 &1 SECONDLY1 KEEP ! CAPTA9 9 *ECK 7ALMO/ LIKE ONE ( ,CLA/RES' 0ME*ANISMS0 EMPLOY$ BY ,9DIAN COMMUNITIES TO AVOID ! =MATION ( AU?ORIT>IAN *IEFDOM74 ,ACCORD+ TO ,JOEL ,BA]1 ! 5CROA*M5T ON ! CAPTA9'S PRIVILEGES WAS ALSO EXPRESS$ 9 ! PHYSICAL FEATURES ( ! PIRATE %IP ITSELF3 0,! UPP] WORK ON A PIRATE %IP WAS SOMETIMES REMOV$1 CAB9 & ALL1 PRIM>ILY TO IMPROVE ITS AGILITY BUT ALSO TO ELIM9ATE CLASS DIFF]5CES AMONG ITS CREW40.<#e#e#e.> ,ALL IMPORTANT DECISIONS W]E MADE BY ! PIRATES' C\NCIL4 ,M>CUS ,R$IK] SUGGE/S ?AT 0! DECISIONS ! C\NCIL MADE W]E SACROSANCT4 ,EV5 ! BOLDE/ CAPTA9 D>$ NOT *ALL5GE ITS P[]4 ,9DE$1 C\NCILS REMOV$ A NUMB] ( CAPTA9S & O!R (FIC]S FROM !IR POSITIONS40.<#e#e#f.> ,R$IK] ALSO ILLU/RATES ! DEMOCRATIC F\ND+ MOM5TS ( A PIRATE COMPANY3 0,9 !IR F\ND+ MOM5T1 AFT] A MUT9Y OR :5 ! CREW ( AN OV]CR[D$ VESSEL SPLIT & =M$ A NEW PIRATE %IP1 ! CREW CAME TOGE!R 9 A C\NCIL TO ELECT !IR CAPTA91 DRAW UP !IR >TICLES1 & DECL>E TO BE TRUE TO EA* O!R & !IR FLAG1 ALL AMID M]RIM5T1 FE/IVITY1 EAT+1 DR9K+1 & ! FIR+ ( CANNON40.<#e#e#g.> ,! V]SIONS ( ! PIRATE >TICLES ?AT EXI/$ ON DIFF]5T %IPS APPE>$ SO SIMIL> 9 ESS5CE ?AT !Y 9DE$ CON/ITUT$ A COMMON GOLD5 AGE PIRATE CULTURE OR1 9 ,FRANK ,%]RY'S WORDS1 A COMMONWEAL?3 0,BECAUSE ( ! SIMIL>ITY ( !SE %IPS' >TICLES1 PIRATES--LIKE ! CITIZ5S ( ANY COMMONWEAL?--ALWAYS %>$ A G5]AL UND]/&+ ( :AT WAS ACCEPTABLE & UNACCEPTABLE BEHAVIOR1 NO MAT] :AT PORT !Y MI ,?IS1 )\T D\BT1 CONTRIBUT$ TO ! /RONG S5SE ( COMMUNITY %>$ ACROSS ! V>I\S GOLD5 AGE PIRATE COMPANIES4 ,= ONE1 0MEET+ BRO!R PIRATES SUSP5D$ !IR S5SE ( ISOLATION40.<#e#e#i.> ,BUT !RE WAS MORE TO IT3 0,!RE WAS ! JOY ( MEET+ ANO!R PIRATE1 SALUT+ HIM ) ! GREAT GUNS & CELEBRAT+ 9 DAYS ( 'MUTUAL CIVILITIES' ! SOLID>ITY ( ! PIRATE COMMUNITY1 'L'5SEMBLE DU PEUPLE PIRATE1' 9 ITS W> AGA9/ ALL ! WORLD40.<#e#f.> ,M>CUS ,R$IK] SUMS UP ?IS S5SE ( PIRATE SOLID>ITY 9 ,VILLA9S ( ,ALL ,NATIONS3 ,PIRATES DID NOT PREY ON ONE ANO!R4 ,RA!R1 !Y CONSI/5TLY %[$ SOLID>ITY = EA* O!R1 A HIITY = !IR 'FELL[ CREATURES' & ! COLLECTIVI/IC E?OS IT EXPRESS$4 ,PIRATES HAD A PR(\ND S5SE ( COMMUNITY4 ,!Y %[$ A RECURR+ WILL+NESS TO JO9 =CES AT SEA & 9 PORT1 EV5 :5 ! V>I\S CREWS W]E /RANG]S TO EA* O!R4.<#e#f#a.> ,FRANK ,%]RY1 9 HIS USUAL DRAMATIC MANN]1 SUGGE/S ?AT 09 ! C\RSE ( !IR W>1 F\E MILES ( OCEAN FROM ,MADAGASC> TO ! ,BAHAMAS TO ! /EAMY WE/ COA/ ( ,AFRICA1 ! PIRATE \TLAWS BECAME FUZ$ 9TO A LOOSE-KNIT BUT P[]FUL CONF$]ACY--A R\<-&-READY REPUBLIC ( REBELS1 ROBB]S1 & ROV]S20.<#e#f#b.> A 0TRUE ',REPUBLIC ( ,ROGUES'0.<#e#f#c.> :OSE MEMB]S 0MET EA* O!R AGA9 & AGA91 ON %IPS & 9 SAFE PORTS1 WORK+ TOGE!R & DRIF+ AP>T40.<#e#f#d.> ,M>CUS ,R$IK] HAS DONE =MIDABLE WORK ON TRAC+ ?IS COMMUNITY 9 MORE DETAIL4 ,HE COMES TO ! CONCLUSION ?AT AB\T #d1 PIRATES ROAM$ ! SEA DUR+ ! GOLD5 AGE'S HEYDAY FROM #agaf TO #a#g#b#f1 ) AB\T #a1#e-#b1#d SAIL+ 9 AB\T #b TO #be %IPS AT A TIME4 .<#e#f#e.> ,MO/ ( !SE1 AS AN IMPRESSIVE *>T 9 ,VILLA9S ( ALL ,NATIONS ILLU/RATES1.<#e#f#f.> W]E 9 SOME CONCRETE WAY CONNECT$ TO ONE ANO!R ?R\< %>$ EXP]I5CES AS CREW MEMB]S OR AMICABLE SPLITS ( PIRATE COMPANIES4 ,ACCORD+ TO ,R$IK]1 0IT WAS PRIM>ILY )9 & ?R\< ?IS NETWORK ?AT ! SOCIAL ORGANIZATION ( ! PIRATE %IP TOOK ON ITS SIGNIFICANCE1 TRANSMIT+ & PRES]V+ CU/OMS & MEAN+S1 & HELP+ TO /RUCTURE & P]PETUATE ! PIRATES' SOCIAL WORLD40.<#e#f#g.> ,AS ,CAPTA9 ,JOHNSON RELATES ?R\< HIS PROTAGONI/ ,CAPTA9 ,MISSON1 ! /RONG S5SE ( SOLID>ITY AMONG ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES WAS ALSO AN EXPRESSION ( 0! NECESSITY ( LIV+ 9 UNITY AMONG !MSELVES1 :O HAD ! :OLE WORLD = 5EMIES40.<#e#f#h.> ,?IS IMPLI$ /RONG COMMITM5T4 ,C]TA9 PIRATES--AS ,FRANK ,%]RY SUGGE/S1 \T ( %E] 0LOYALTY444 TO !IR FELL[ \TLAWS0.<#e#f#i.>--ATTACK$ 0! %IPP+ ( PLACES :]E PIRATES HAD BE5 TRI$ & HANG$1 ,BLACKBE>D = 9/ANCE MAK+ A HABIT ( DE/ROY+ %IPS FROM ,NEW ,5GL& = ?IS REASON40.<#e#g.> ,CAPTA9 ,JOHNSON TELLS ( ,CAPTA9 ,COND5T'S CREW CUT+ (F ! E>S & NOSES ( SOME ,PORTUGUESE FELL[S BECAUSE !Y HAD TAK5 PIRATES PRISON]S ALONG ! ,BRAZILIAN COA/4.<#e#g#a.> ,AMONG !MSELVES1 !IR S5SE ( SOLID>ITY ) ONE ANO!R WAS EXPRESS$ 9 UNCONDITIONAL SUPPORT4 ,?IS HAD ALREADY BE5 TRUE = ! BUCCANE]S3 0,! BUCCANE]S W]E TRUE TO EA* O!R & AS TIME W5T ON !IR ORGANIZATION BECAME A/ONI%+LY S\ND4 ,TOSE AFLOAT C\LD RELY UPON ! 9TEGRITY ( ?OSE A%ORE & VICE V]SA4 ,9DE$1 !Y =M$ A COMMUNITY ( S+UL>LY UNIT$ VILLA9S40.<#e#g#b.> ,!SE ASSUMPTIONS >E CONFIRM$ BY ,EXQUEMEL93 0,AMONG !MSELVES1 & TO EA* O!R1 !SE PIRATES >E EXTREMELY LIB]AL & FREE4 ,IF ANY ONE ( !M HAS LO/ ALL HIS GOODS1 :I* (T5 HAPP5S 9 !IR MANN] ( LIFE1 !Y FREELY GIVE HIM1 & MAKE HIM P>TAK] ( :AT !Y HAVE40.<#e#g#c.> ,GIV5 ! REASON :Y SOME ( ! CREW MEMB]S W]E LEF )\T MEANS AT ! 5D ( ! J\RNEY DOCUM5T$ BY ,BASIL ,R+ROSE1 HIS ACC\NT PROVIDES AN A/ONI%+ EXAMPLE ( SU* G5]OSITY3 0,H]EUPON WE AGRE$ AMONG \RSELVES TO GIVE AWAY1 & LEAVE ! %IP TO !M ( \R COMPANY :O HAD NO MONEY LEF ( ALL !IR PUR*ASE 9 ?IS VOYAGE1 HAV+ LO/ IT ALL AT PLAY2 & ! TO DIVIDE \RSELVES 9TO TWO %IPS1 :I* W]E N[ B\ND = ,5GL&40.<#e#g#d.> ,CONFLICT+ OP9IONS AMONG PIRATE CREW MEMB]S (T5 L$ TO CORDIAL SEP>ATION RA!R ?AN TO 9-FIMONY4 ,M>CUS ,R$IK] WRITES ?AT IT WAS SU* SEP>ATIONS ?AT HELP$ ! 0RADICAL DEMOCRATIC SOCIAL ORD] & CULTURE0 ( ! PIRATES TO SPREAD1 0HYDRALIKE40.<#e#g#e.> ,NOT ALL SEP>ATIONS W]E H>MONI\S ( C\RSE4 ,!RE EXI/ A FAIR NUMB] ( ACC\NTS 9 :I* M9ORITIES W]E SIMPLY M>OON$ RA!R ?AN PROVID$ ) A FAIR %>E ( ! COMPANY'S RI*ES4 ,ON OCCASION1 ! PR9CIPLE ( 0MIIAN WORLD ( ! M]*ANT %IP *]I%$ ! FRE$OM TO SEP>ATE4 ,! PIRATES' DEMOCRATIC EX]CISE ( AU?ORITY HAD BO? NEGATIVE & POSITIVE EFFECTS4 ,AL?\< IT PRODUC$ A *RONIC 9/ABILITY1 IT ALSO GU>ANTE$ CONT9UITY2 ! V]Y PROCESS BY :I* NEW CREWS W]E E/ABLI%$ HELP$ TO 5SURE A CULTURAL CONT9UITY AMONG ! PIRATES4.<#e#g#f.> ,ACCORD+ TO ,R$IK]1 ! PROGRESSIVE *>ACT] ( SOCIAL ORGANIZ+ ON ! PIRATE %IP CAN BE TRAC$ TO ELEM5TS 9H]5T 9 G5]AL SEAM5 CULTURE ( ! #a#g? C5TURY3 0,BUILD+ ON ! L[]-CLASS_/L[]-DECK VALUES ( COLLECTIVISM1 ANTI-AU?ORIT>IANISM1 & EGALIT>IANISM1 ! PIRATES REALIZ$1 ?R\< !IR SOCIAL ORD]1 T5D5CIES ?AT HAD BE5 DIALECTICALLY G5]AT$ & 9 TURN SUPPRESS$ 9 ! NORMAL C\RSE ( ALI5AT$ WORK & LIFE AT SEA40.<#e#g#g.> ,R$IK] EV5 CALLS PIRACY 0A '/RUCTURE' =M$ UPON A 'F\NDATION' ( ! CULTURE & SOCIETY ( ,ANGLO-,AM]ICAN DEEP-SEA SAILORS 9 ! FIR/ HALF ( ! EI ,HE SPECIFICALLY LI/S ! FOLL[+ VALUES3 #a4 ,COLLECTIVISM--SPECIFI$ AS A 0COLLECTIVITY =M$ AMONG ! COMMON T>S1 CON/ITUT$ 9 ! CONFRONTATION ) CAPITAL1 CREAT$ OV] & AGA9/ ! LOGIC ( DISCIPL9E & COOP]ATION = ! SAKE ( PR(IT4 ,COLLECTIVE LABOR PASS$ EASILY 9TO COLLECTIVE SELF-DEF5SE AS SEAM5 S\% CONDITIONS1 EXCESSIVE WORK1 & OPPRESSIVE AU?ORITY40.<#e#g#i.> #b4 ,ANTI-AU?ORIT>IANISM--MAYBE BE/ DESCRIB$ BY ?OSE MO/ FRIRIES HIS [N WEAPONS 9 HIS BLANKETS4'0.<#e#h.> #c4 ,EGALIT>IANISM--ACCORD+ TO ,R$IK]1 09/ITUTIONALIZ$ ABO>D ! PIRATE %IP10.<#e#h#a.> & EXPLA9$ AS FOLL[S3 0,! SEAMAN'S EGALIT>IANISM WAS ( A PIECE ) O!R ASPECTS ( HIS CULTURE4 ,IT WAS AN ESS5TIAL P>T ( AN EMPHASIS ON HOSPITALITY & COOP]ATION1 RECIPROCITY & MUTUALITY1 & G5]OSITY OV] ACCUMULATION40.<#e#h#b.> ,! T]M BRO!RHOOD HAS BE5 US$ EXT5SIVELY TO DESCRIBE ! /RONG S5SE ( LOYALTY1 SOLID>ITY1 & COMMUNITY AMONG BUCCANE]S & PIRATES4 ,! BUCCANE]S HAVE BE5 CALL$ AN 0AUT>*IC ',BRO!RHOOD'0.<#e#h#c.> OR A 0BRO!RHOOD ( SEA-%>KS10.<#e#h#d.> ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES AN 0\TLAW BRO!RHOOD0.<#e#h#e.> OR A 0TRANSNATIONAL BRO!RHOOD40.<#e#h#f.> ,! PROBLEM ) SU* APPELLATIONS IS ?AT TWO TR\BL+ FEATURES >E TI$ 9TO ALMO/ ALL PRAISES ( BRO!RHOOD3 MASCUL9ITY & EXCLUSIVITY4 ,AF] ALL1 /ORIES ( EXTRAORD9>Y G5]OSITY & SOLID>ITY CAN ALSO BE TOLD ( BOY SC\TS1 RI9ES1 OR ,HELL'S ,ANGELS4.<#e#h#g.> ,! NOTION ( /&+ BY SOMEONE1 0A FAVORITE AMONG PIRATES10.<#e#h#h.> TOPS MO/ VIRTUE LI/S 9 SU* COMMUNITIES-- & GIVES SOME PLAUSIBILITY TO ,CORD+LY & ,FALCON]'S D]ID+ DESCRIPTION ( ! PIRATE >TICLES AS 0A LIV+ EXAMPLE ( 'HONOR AMONG ?IEVES4'0.<#e#h#i.> ,EQUALLY PROM95T IS ANO!R 9TEGRAL VIRTUE ( MALE BOND+1 NAMELY ?AT ( 0C\RAGE20 ACCORD+ TO ,R$IK]1 0A PR9CIPAL MEANS ( SURVIVAL0.<#e#i.> AMONG PIRATES1 & 0! ANTI!SIS ( LAW40.<#e#i#a.> ,9 ?IS CONTEXT IT IS NOT SURPRIS+ ?AT ! GOV]NOR ( ,NEW ,5GL& W\LD SAY AFT] A P>TICUL>LY AUDACI\S RAID BY ,B>?OLOMEW ,ROB]TS ?AT 0ONE CANNOT )HOLD ADMIRATION = HIS BRAV]Y & D>+40.<#e#i#b.> 0,REAL M50 ?9K ALIKE4 ,& !Y B> O!RS FROM !IR EXCLUSIVE COMMUNITIES4 ,AS /RONG AS ! COMMITM5TS ( BUCCANE]S & PIRATES W]E TO EA* O!R1 !IR CONDUCT \TSIDE ( !IR COMMUNITIES WAS B\ND BY FEW MORAL CONSID]ATIONS4 ,= ,/EPH5 ,SNELD]S--:O APPE>S V]Y SYMPA!TIC TO ! BUCCANE]S & PIRATES--! ACC\NT ( ,JAN ,]ASMUS ,REYN+ 0EXPOSES ! ATROCITIES !Y COMMIT$ ON \TSID]S40.<#e#i#c.> ,UND]/&+ ONESELF AS P>T ( A VANGU>D IS A D\BLE-$G$ SWORD4 ,:5 ,M>CUS ,R$IK] WRITES ?AT 0BY WALK+ 'TO ! ,GALL[S )\T A ,TE>1' BY CALL+ !MSELVES ',HONE/ ,M5' & ',G5TLEM51' & BY SPEAK+ SELF-S]V+LY BUT PR\DLY ( !IR ',CONSCI5CE' & ',HONOR1' PIRATES FLAUNT$ !IR C]TITUDE10.<#e#i#d.> ?IS C]TA9LY CONVEYS AN 9SPIR+ S5SE ( REBELLION4 ,AF] ALL1 ! PIRATES HELD NO POSITIONS ( 9/ITUTIONALIZ$ P[] & W]E 0\TCA/S0 & 0\TLAWS40 ,AT ! SAME TIME1 FLAUNT+ !IR C]TITUDE T[>DS !IR VICTIMS 7MO/ ( :O W]E NOT WORLDLY OR CL]ICAL AU?ORITIES71 TO COMMON SAILORS1 WOM5 & ,9DIANS1 HAD NO?+ TO DO ) REBELLION & EV]Y?+ TO DO ) A DESPICABLE EX]CISE ( P[]4 ,A PECULI> UND]/&+ ( PIRATE LOYALTY1 SOLID>ITY & COMMUNITY HAS BE5 VOIC$ 9 ! E>LY #a#i#hS 9 A ,G]MAN ESSAY1 5TITL$ 0,P>ASIT>E ,PIRAT50 .<0,P>ASITIC ,PIRATES0.>4 ,HE9] ,TRE951 ! ESSAY'S AU?OR1 ASS]TS ?AT ! PIRATES' 0SOLID>ITY0 WAS RA!R OPPORTUNI/IC ?AN VALUE-DRIV53 ,! DECISION TO JO9 ! PIRATES AS A P>TICUL> =M ( 'ORGANIZATION' WAS EXCLUSIVELY BAS$ ON ! CALCULAT$ GA9S ( EV]Y 9DIVIDUAL4 ,?IS WAS ! ONLY REASON ?AT MADE COOP]ATION & ACCEPTANCE ( ! COLLECTIVE P[] /RUCTURE POSSIBLE4 ,?IS /RUCTURE WAS 5DUR$ BECAUSE IT PROMIS$ ! SATISFACTION ( 9DIVIDUAL GOALS4444,! 9VE/M5T 9 A SOCIAL /RUCTURE AMONG ! PIRATES WAS 9H]5TLY TEMPOR>Y4.<#e#i#e.> ,TRE95 SUGGE/S ?AT EV5 ! RELATIVE LACK ( RACIAL OR NATIONAL DISCRIM9ATION AMONG PIRATE CREWS WAS M]ELY ! CONSEQU5CE ( !IR 9DIVIDUALISM3 ,:ILE \T !RE RAID+1 RACIAL & RELIGI\S DISCRIM9ATION DID NOT OCCUR1 EV5 ?\< ! RAID+ WAS (T5 JU/IFI$ ON RACIAL OR RELIGI\S GR\NDS4 ,! ABS5CE ( DISCRIM9ATION IS NO UTOPIAN AN>*I/ IDEAL4 ,IT EXI/S :51 AS 9 ! CASE ( ! PIRATES1 ! 9DIVIDUALS :O WORK TOGE!R DO NOT REALLY HAVE AN 9T]E/ 9 LIV+ TOGE!R2 :5 !RE >E NO ACTUAL COMMON GOALS4.<#e#i#f.> ,TRE95'S VIEWS MAY APPE> CYNICAL1 BUT ,CAPTA9 ,JOHNSON'S ,G5]AL ,HI/ORY CONTA9S PASSAGES ?AT ALSO PORTRAY PIRATE TOGE!RNESS AS S]V+ PRIM>ILY TACTICAL PURPOSES1 I4E4 AS SOME?+ IMPOS$ BY A CREW'S SPECIFIC EXI/5TIAL CIRCUM/ANCES RA!R ?AN BY POLITICAL OR E?ICAL CONVICTIONS4 ,ONE EXAMPLE CONC]NS ! SITUATION ( ,CAPTA9 ,NOR?'S CREW AMONG ! ,MADAGASCAN NATIVES3 ,!Y ?\RANT !IR SAFETY2 = ! PEOPLE BE+ READY TO MAKE W> ON ONE ANO!R UPON ! SLIK ! EFFECTS ( !IR UNANIMITY1 :I* W]E1 ! BE+ TREAT$ ) GREAT RESPECT & DEF]5CE1 & HAV+ A HOMAGE PAID !M AS TO SOV]EIGN PR9CES4 ,NATURE1 WE SEE1 TEA*ES ! MO/ ILLIT]ATE ! NECESS>Y PRUD5CE = !IR PRES]VATION1 & FE> WORKS *ANGES :I* RELIGION HAS LO/ ! P[] ( DO+4.<#e#i#g.> ,( C\RSE1 ,JOHNSON'S ACC\NT MIGUE ?AT ALL DISPLAYS ( SOCIAL VIRTUES >E ESS5TIALLY EGO-DRIV5 S9CE ?IS IS H[ HUMAN BE+S WORK--9 :I* S5SE ! PIRATES' MUTUAL AID W\LD NOT LOSE ANY VALUE1 EV5 IF IT WAS 9DE$ ONLY BAS$ ON ! FACT ?AT 0! H>%NESS ( LIFE AT SEA MADE MUTUAL AID 9TO A SIMPLE SURVIVAL TACTIC40.<#e#i#h.> ,/ILL1 BO? ,TRE95'S REFLECTIONS & ! PASSAGE FROM ,JOHNSON'S ,G5]AL ,HI/ORY SEEM TO REVEAL A PROBLEM 9H]5T 9 GOLD5 AGE PIRATE SOCIETY3 NAMELY1 ?AT !IR 0BRO!RLY0 IDEALS W]E NOT FRAM$ BY A WID] SOCIAL & POLITICAL VISION OR AMBITION4 ,WE WILL RETURN TO ?IS PROBLEM FREQU5TLY4 #d4#b4 ,FLY+ ! ,BLACK ,FLAG3 ,! ,JOLLY ,ROG] ,! GOLD5 AGE PIRATE BRO!RHOOD1 COMMONWEAL?1 OR CONF$]ACY WAS MO/ TANGIBLY EXPRESS$ BY ITS M5AC+ FLAG1 ! ,JOLLY ,ROG]4 ,NO O!R PIRATE SYMBOL--& NOT MANY SYMBOLS OV]ALL--HAVE HAD SU* A LA/+ IMPACT ON ! ,WE/]N M9D & ITS POPUL> CULTURE4 ,! ORIG9S ( ! ,JOLLY ,ROG] >E NOT 5TIRELY CLE>4 ,IT WAS FIR/ REPORT$ BY NAVY (FIC]S *AS+ ,FR5* PIRATE CAPTA9 ,EMANUEL ,WYNN 9 ! ,CAPE ,V]DE ,ISL&S 9 #a#g4 ,WYNN'S FLAG WAS DESCRIB$ AS 0A SABLE 5SIGN ) CROSSBONES1 A ,DEA?'S HEAD & AN H\R GLASS0.<#e#i#i.> AGA9/ A BLACK BACKGR\ND4 ,?IS DESIGN--ALBEIT ) V>IATIONS--SOON BECAME A /&>D SIGNIFI] = PIRATE %IPS4 ,AS ,DAVID ,F4 ,M>LEY WRITES1 0:5 ! ,SPANI% ,W> ( ,SUCCESSION 5D$ ?IRTE5 %ORT YE>S LAT]1 MO/ PIRATES W]E US+ A BLACK BACKGR\ND = !IR P]SONAL /&>DS40.<#f.> ,?IS MEANS ?AT 0)9 #ae YE>S1 PIRATES FREQU5TLY US$ BLACK FLAGS &1 BY #a#g#a#d1 !Y W]E A CLE>LY RECOGNIZ$ SYMBOL40.<#f#a.> ,AL?\< ! ,JOLLY ,ROG] DID COME 9 DIFF]5T V>IETIES1 ALL ( !M %>$ ! SAME BASIC !MES1 9 ESS5CE SYMBOLS ASSOCIAT$ ) DEA?3 SKULL & CROSSBONES1.<#f#b.> SKELETONS1 H\R GLASSES1 CUTLASSES1 BLE$+ HE>TS4.<#f#c.> 0,! PRIM>Y SYMBOLISM ( ! FLAG WAS /RAID4 ,PIRATES 9T5D$ ITS SYMBOLS-- DEA?1 VIOL5CE1 & LIMIT$ TIME--TO T]RIFY !IR PREY1 TO SAY1 UNEQUIVOCALLY1 TO M]*ANTM5 ?AT !IR TIME WAS %ORT1 !Y MU/ SURR5D] IMM$IATELY1 OR !Y W\LD DIE A BLOODY DEA?40.<#f#d.> ,!RE >E DIFF]5T !ORIES AB\T ! ORIG9 ( ! NAME4 ,! TWO MO/ COMMON & CONV9C+ >E3 #a4 ,JOLLY ,ROG] IS AN ,5GLI% CORRUPTION ( ! ,FR5* LA JOLIE R\GE :I* REF]R$ TO ! R$ FLAGS HOI/$ BY M>ITIME CREWS TO ANN\NCE BATLE4 #b4 ,JOLLY ,ROG] IS A V>IATION ( ,OLD ,ROG] :I* WAS A COMMON MONIK] = ! DEVIL4.<#f#e.> ,:ATEV] ! ORIG9 ( ITS NAME1 ! ,JOLLY ,ROG] DEF9ES ! ]A ( PIRACY /UDI$ 9 ?IS BOOK 7! GOLD5 AGE7 & CONFIRMS ! S5SE ( UNITY ?AT MU/ HAVE EXI/$ AMONG ITS PIRATE CREWS4 ,M>CUS ,R$IK] WRITES3 ,:5 PIRATES CREAT$ A FLAG ( !IR [N1 AS !Y DID = ! FIR/ TIME 9 ! E>LY EIATION3 !Y W\LD USE COLORS TO SYMBOLIZE ! SOLID>ITY ( A GANG (444\TLAWS1 ?\S&S /RONG & SELF-ORGANIZ$ 9 D>+ WAYS1 9 VIOL5T OPPOSITION TO ! ALL-P[]FUL NATION-/ATES ( ! DAY4 ,BY FLY+ ! SKULL & ! CROSSBONES1 !Y ANN\NC$ !MSELVES AS '! ,VILLA9S ( ALL ,NATIONS4'.<#f#f.> ,R$IK] ALSO CONFIRMS ?AT 0! FLAG WAS V]Y WIDELY US$2 NO FEW]1 & PROBABLY A GREAT MANY MORE1 ?AN TW5TY-FIVE HUNDR$ M5 SAIL$ UND] IT40.<#f#g.> ,9 ,*RIS ,L&'S ANALYSIS1 0! PIRATES' *OICE ( FLAG MADE EXPLICIT !IR REJECTION ( ! NATION-/ATE AS A F\NDATION = COMMUNITY & !IR *ALL5GE TO ITS MONOPOLY ON VIOL5CE4444,ONCE ! ,JOLLY ,ROG] WAS RAIS$ ! PIRATES BROAD- CA/ !IR REJECTION ( ! V]Y F\NDATION ( ! CONTEMPOR>Y GEO-POLITICAL ORD]1 PLAC+ !MSELVES \TSIDE ITS SPH]E ( GOV]NM5T & JU/ICE40.<#f#h.> ,AT A ,P>IS RALLY 9 #a#h#h1 ,L\ISE ,MI*EL C>RI$--9 PROTE/ AGA9/ ! HYPOCRISY ( ! (FICIAL SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T--A BLACK FLAG 9/EAD ( A R$ ONE & CREAT$ ONE ( ! MO/ *>ACT]I/IC & R5[N$ AN>*I/ SYMBOLS4 ,L\ISE ,MI*EL MID TO BELIEVE ?AT H] *OICE ( COLOR WAS PURELY CO9CID5TAL4 #d4#c4 ,IS ,?IS ,AN>*Y8 ,MATT]S ( ,DEF9ITION I ,! ASSOCIATIONS ( GOLD5 AGE PIRACY ) AN>*Y >E LEGION4 ,9 FACT1 IT SEEMS IMPOSSIBLE TO READ A BOOK AB\T PIRACY )\T AT LEA/ ONE REF]5CE TO AN>*Y1 NO MAT] ! AU?OR'S POLITICAL P]SUASION4 ,WE CAN READ AB\T 0AN>*IC BEHAVIOR10.<#f#i.> 0AN>*IC CREWS10.<#f#a.> 0AN>*IC /RA9S10.<#f#a#a.> 0SEXUAL & CULTURAL AN>*Y10.<#f#a#b.> 0AN>*Y ) NO =M ( SELF-DISCIPL9E10.<#f#a#c.> 0ORD]$ AN>*Y10.<#f#a#d.> 0A CACOPHON\S FLOAT+ AN>*Y10.<#f#a#e.> 0! V]Y PICTURE ( AN>*Y10.<#f#a#f.> 0M9I- AN>*IES10.<#f#a#g.> OR 0! LIFE ( A BUCCANE] .<:I*.> C\LD 9 SOME WAYS BE SE5 AS AN>*I/IC40.<#f#a#h.> ,A REC5T ACADEMIC ESSAY ON PIRACY EV5 9TRODUCES ! T]M 0AN->R<-*Y40.<#f#a#i.> ,:AT CAN WE MAKE ( ?IS8 ,AP>T FROM ! FACT ?AT SOME ( !SE ATRIBUTES >E NEGATIVE ASCRIPTIONS BY CONS]VATIVE WRIT]S1 ! CRITICAL QUE/ION IS3 W]E ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES REALLY AN>*I/S8 ,!RE APPE> TO BE TWO MA9 WAYS TO RESPOND3 #a4 ,IF BE+ AN>*I/IC MEANS TO LIVE \TSIDE ! CONTROL ( ! NATION-/ATE1 OR ANY =M ( 9/ITUTIONALIZ$ AU?ORITY1 !N ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES W]E SURELY AN>*I/IC--AS MU* AS ! NOMADIC & 0PRIMITIVE0 PEOPLE !Y HAVE BE5 COMP>$ TO4 #b4 ,IF BE+ AN>*I/IC MEANS TO CONSCI\SLY ATEMPT TO REALIZE SOCIAL IDEALS ( UNIV]SAL EQUALITY & JU/ICE1 !N ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES W]E H>DLY AN>*I/IC4 ,TOO MANY 9DICATIONS EXI/ ?AT !Y HAD NO SOCIAL IDEALS AT ALL1 OR AT LEA/ NONE ?AT EXT5D$ BEYOND A COMMUNITY ( 0BRO!RS0 :O PL$G$ LOYALTY TO ONE ANO!R4 ,IF !RE WAS AN AN>*ISM ( GOLD5 AGE PIRATES1 IT H5CE LAY 9 !IR REJECTION ( 9/ITUTIONALIZ$ AU?ORITY & 9 ATEMPTS AT EGALIT>IAN COMMUNITY BUILD+4 ,?IS IS SUMM$ UP WELL BY ,*RIS ,L&3 ,BY SIGN+ UP TO !SE >TICLES A SAILOR JO9$ ! PIRATE COMMUNITY & AGRE$ TO ! PRACTICES ?AT 5ABL$ IT TO BE SU/A9$ DESPITE ! ABS5CE ( A TRANSC5D5T LAW--SU* AS NATIONAL LAW OR RELIGION--?AT MILY #a#h? C5TURY WAS AN EXP]IM5T 9 RADICAL1 AN>*I/IC =MS ( DEMOCRATIC ORGANIZ+ :I* W]E EXPLICITLY OPPOS$ TO ! SY/EMS ( AU?ORITY ON CONV5TIONAL SAIL+ VESSELS4.<#f#b.> ,AT ! SAME TIME1 !RE WAS NO AN>*I/ FIIANISM & !IR TRULY UTOPIAN MICRO-DEMOCRATIC EXP]IM5T >E ( TREM5D\S IMPORTANCE & LIE AT ! HE>T ( RADICAL ADAPTATIONS ( PIRACY TO ?IS DAY4 #d4#d4 ,! ,W> ,MA*9E3 ,READ+ ,PIRACY ) ,DELEUZE & ,GUAT>I ,IT IS NEV] EASY TO EMPLOY ! T]M W> ANALYTICALLY4 ,H[EV]1 ! COMMON REF]5CES TO ! 0W>0 ?AT ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES W]E 5GAG$ 9 AS WELL AS FIT+ !ORETICAL CONCEPTS OP]AT+ ) ! NOTION ( W>--MO/ NOTABLY BY ,MI*EL ,F\CAULT1 ,GILLES ,DELEUZE1 & ,FELIX ,GUAT>I--DEM& SOME REFLECTION4 ,! IMPORTANCE ( ,F\CAULT'S CONTRIBUTION LIES 9 HIS 9T]PRETATION ( ALL HI/ORICAL /RUGGLE AS W>1 & ( W> AS 0A PR9CIPLE = ! ANALYSIS ( P[] RELATIONS40.<#f#b#a.> ,9 ?IS S5SE1 WE >E CONFRONT$ ) A W> ?AT NEV] 5DS4 ,:AT WE CALL PEACE ONLY M>KS A C]TA9 PHASE ( ! UND]LY+ W>3 0,SOCIETY1 ! LAW1 & ! ,/ATE >E . LIKE >MI/ICES ?AT PUT AN 5D TO W>S1 OR444 ! PRODUCTS ( DEF9ITIVE VICTORIES4 ,LAW IS NOT PACIFICATION1 = B5EA? ! LAW1 W> CONT9UES TO RAGE 9 ALL ! ME*ANISMS ( P[]1 EV5 9 ! MO/ REGUL>4 ,W> IS ! MOTOR BEH9D 9/ITUTIONS & ORD]4 ,9 ! SMALLE/ ( ITS COGS1 PEACE IS WAG+ A SECRET W>40.<#f#b#b.> ,F\CAULT EXPLA9S 9 CONCLUSION3 0,:Y DO WE HAVE TO R$ISCOV] W>8 ,WELL1 BECAUSE ?IS ANCI5T W> IS A444P]MAN5T W>4 ,WE REALLY DO HAVE TO BECOME EXP]TS ON BATLES1 BECAUSE ! W> HAS NOT 5D$1 BECAUSE PREP>ATIONS >E /ILL BE+ MADE = ! DECISIVE BATLES1 & BECAUSE WE HAVE TO W9 ! DECISIVE BATLE40.<#f#b#c.> ,! SIGNIFICANCE ( !SE NOTIONS = GOLD5 AGE PIRACY BECOMES OBVI\S :5 ,F\CAULT DESCRIBES A #a#g? C5TURY %IF 9 ! UND]/&+ ( W>3 FROM W>R+ AGA9/ A REPRES5TATION ( P[] 7MO/ COMMONLY A K+7 TO W>R+ AGA9/ 0CULTURE0 OR 0CIVILIZATION03 ,FROM ! SEV5TE5? C5TURY ONW>D1444 ! IDEA ?AT W> IS ! UN9T]RUPT$ FRAME ( HI/ORY TAKES A SPECIFIC =M3 ,! W> ?AT IS GO+ ON B5EA? ORD] & PEACE1 ! W> ?AT UND]M9ES \R SOCIETY & DIVIDES IT 9 A B9>Y MODE IS1 BASICALLY1 A RACE W>4444 ,IT IS ?IS IDEA ?AT ?IS CLA% BETWE5 TWO RACES RUNS ?R\< SOCIETY FROM TOP TO BOTOM :I* WE SEE BE+ =MULAT$ AS E>LY AS ! SEV5TE5? C5TURY4.<#f#b#d.> ,F\CAULT'S EMPLOYM5T ( ! T]M RACE 9 ?IS CONTEXT MU/ BE CONTROV]SIAL4 ,H[EV]1 :AT HE MEANS SEEMS P]T95T3 NAMELY ?AT--9/EAD ( ! W> WAG$ BETWE5 TWO 7ECONOMICALLY DEF9$7 CLASSES--! DECISIVE W> IS ! ONE WAG$ BETWE5 TWO CATEGORIES 70RACES07 ( PEOPLE :O >E DEF9$ AS 0CIVILIZ$0 & 0SAVAGE40 ,IT IS NOT CO9CID5TAL ?AT ?IS %IF 9 DISC\RSE CORRELATES ) ! ONSET ( ! COLONIAL ,EUROPEAN 5T]PRISE4 ,C]TA9 PEOPLE NE$$ TO BE 0DEHUMANIZ$40 ,?IS MEANT NON-,EUROPEANS AS MU* AS ,EUROPEANS :O FELL \TSIDE ! NORMS ( !IR [N SOCIETY4 ,AS ,R$IK] REPORTS1 PIRATES W]E 0D5\NC$444 AS SEA MON/]S1 VICI\S BEA/S1 & A MANY-HEAD$ HYDRA--ALL CREATURES ?AT444LIV$ BEYOND ! B\NDS ( HUMAN SOCIETY40.<#f#b#e.> ,9DE$1 AS LATE AS 9 ! E>LY #b? C5TURY1 SOME W\LD CALL PIRATES 0MON/]S 9 HUMAN =M10.<#f#b#f.> OR 0AN ODD MIXTURE ( HUMAN TRA%40.<#f#b#g.> ,PIRACY HAS ALWAYS BE5 ASSOCIAT$ ) W>4 ,! FREQU5CY ( W> REF]5CES RIVALS ?AT ( AN>*Y REF]5CES4 ,MO/ FAM\S IS ,CAPTA9 ,JOHNSON'S REPEAT$ DECL>ATION ?AT PIRATES HAD DECL>$ W> AGA9/ ALL ! WORLD4.<#f#b#h.> ,S9CE !N1 HI/ORIANS HAVE WRIT5 AB\T 0! F9AL BATLES ( ! PIRATE W> ON ! WORLD10.<#f#b#i.> %>$ ! OBS]VATION ?AT 0MANY P]CEIV$ PIRACY AS AN ACTIVITY AK9 TO W>10.<#f#c.> OR1 LIKE ,PET] ,E>LE1 HAVE D$ICAT$ ! TITLES ( !IR BOOKS TO ! !ME 79 ?IS CASE ,! ,PIRATE ,W>S74 ,! ,FR5* PHILOSOPH]-PSY*OANALY/ DUO ,GILLES ,DELEUZE & ,FELIX ,GUAT>I 9TRODUC$ ! CONCEPT ( ! NOMADIC W> MA*9E 9 !IR #aih BOOK ,A ,T\S& ,PLATEAUS4 ,TO !M1 0! W> MA*9E IS LIKE ! NECESS>Y CONSEQU5CE ( NOMADIC ORGANIZATION40.<#f#c#a.> ,IT IS 0EXT]IOR TO ! ,/ATE APP>ATUS40.<#f#c#b.> ,:AT IS IMPORTANT 9 !IR !ORY IS ?AT 0! W> MA*9E HAS AN EXTREMELY V>IABLE RELATION TO W> ITSELF40.<#f#c#c.> ,IT DOES 0NOT 9 FACT HAVE W> AS ITS PRIM>Y OBJECT1 BUT AS ITS SECOND-ORD]1 SUPPLEM5T>Y OR SYN!TIC OBJECTIVE1 9 ! S5SE ?AT IT IS DET]M9$ 9 SU* WAY AS TO DE/ROY ! ,/ATE-=M & CITY-=M ) :I* IT COLLIDES40.<#f#c#d.> ,IT IS ONLY :5 ! /ATE 0APPROPRIATES ! W> MA*9E0 ?AT IT TAKES 0W> = ITS DIRECT & PRIM>Y OBJECT0 & ?AT 0W> BECOMES SUBORD9AT$ TO ! AIMS ( ! ,/ATE40.<#f#c#e.> ,AS LONG AS ! W> MA*9E IS 9 ! H&S ( ! NOMADS1 IT 0HAS AS ITS OBJECT NOT W>1 BUT ! TRAC+ ( A CREATIVE L9E ( FLI ,?IS LA/ ASPECT EXPLA9S ! RELEVANCE ( ! CONCEPT = ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES4 ,9 ,DELEUZE & ,GUAT>I'S T]M9OLOGY1 ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES CON/ITUT$ A NOMADIC W> MA*9E AS AN 9EVITABLE ASPECT ( !IR /RUGGLE = FRE$OM FROM /ATE & CAPITALI/ OPPRESSION4 ,! 0CREATIVE L9E ( FLI MA*9E DID NOT MEAN TO E/ABLI% TOTALIT>IAN ORD]S--IT MEANT TO DE/ROY ! /ATE & ITS CRONIES4 ,9 ?IS S5SE ! FOLL[+ R+S V]Y TRUE3 ,EA* TIME !RE IS AN OP]ATION AGA9/ ! ,/ATE--SUBORD9ATION1 RIOT+1 GU]RILLA W>F>E OR REVOLUTION AS ACT--IT CAN BE SAID ?AT A W> MA*9E HAS REVIV$1 ?AT A NEW NOMADIC POT5TIAL HAS APPE>$1 ACCOMPANI$ BY ! RECON/ITUTION ( A SMOO? SPACE OR A MANN] ( BE+ 9 SPACE AS ?\< IT W]E SMOO?4444 ,IT IS 9 ?IS S5SE ?AT ! RESPONSE ( ! ,/ATE AGA9/ ALL ?AT ?REAT5S TO MOVE BEYOND IT IS TO /RIATE SPACE4.<#f#c#g.> ,EV5 IF ! NOMADIC W> MA*9E DOES 0NOT 9 FACT HAVE W> AS ITS PRIM>Y OBJECT10 ! PIRATES' W>F>E WAS MORE ?AN M]ELY 0METAPHORIC0 OR 0SYMBOLIC40 ,AL?\< ! VIOL5CE ( ! ,C>IBBEAN BUCCANE]S & PIRATES HAS PROBABLY BE5 HI/ORICALLY EXAGG]AT$ = DIFF]5T REASONS1.<#f#c#h.> !Y W]E NO FL[]-SNIFF9' HIPPIES EI!R4 ,/EPH5 ,SNELD]S IS ONE ( MANY AU?ORS :O CONFIRMS ?AT ! BUCCANE]S 0PAID CLOSE AT5TION ONLY TO !IR MO/ PRIZ$ POSSESSIONS & TOOLS1 !IR FIRE>MS & CUTLASSES40.<#f#c#i.> ,ANGUS ,KON/AM HAS COMPIL$ AN IMPRESSIVE OV]VIEW ( ! WEAPONS US$ BY ! BUCCANE]S1.<#f#d.> & !RE >E /ORIES AB\T 5GAGEM5T 9 BATLE AS PIRATE 9ITIATION RITES4 ,M>CUS ,R$IK]1 = EXAMPLE1 TELLS US ?AT 0PIRATE CAPTA9 ,TOMAS ,COCKLYN APP>5TLY FELT ?AT ! 'NEW-5T]$ M5' W\LD NOT TRULY BE P>T ( ! PIRATE COMMUNITY UNTIL !Y HAD SE5 ACTION 9 BATLE40.<#f#d#a.> ,IF WE ACCEPT ! CONCEPT ( ! NOMADIC W> MA*9E & ITS APPLICATION TO ! ANTI-/ATI/ TRADITION DEVELOP$ BY ! ,C>IBBEAN BUCCANE]S & BR\ W\LD 9DICATE A NECESS>Y & EFFECTIVE MEANS ( PREV5T+ FALL+ UND] ! BRUTAL P[] ( ! /ATE1 S9CE 0,CLA/RES . W> 9 PRIMITIVE SOCIETIES AS ! SURE/ ME*ANISM DIRECT$ AGA9/ ! =MATION ( ! ,/ATE3 W> MA9TA9S ! DISP]SAL & SEGM5T>ITY ( GR\PS1 & ! W>RIOR HIMSELF IS CAU ,ONE ASPECT ( ,DELEUZE & ,GUAT>I'S ANALYSIS ?AT IS ( P>TICUL> SIGNIFICANCE = ,C>IBBEAN BUCCANE]S & PIRATES IS ! W> MA*9E'S ADAPTATION BY ! /ATE4 ,?IS = TWO REASONS4 ,FIR/1 ! NOMADIC W> MA*9E CREAT$ BY ! BUCCANE]S BECAME APPROPRIAT$ = ! /ATE'S 5DS EV]Y TIME !Y W]E S5T \T AS PRIVATE]S TO BOL/] ! COLONIAL 5T]PRISE & 9T]-/ATE RIVALRY4 ,?IS L$ ,ALEX&] ,W9/ON TO CONCLUDE HIS BOOK ON PRIVATE]+ ) ! PROPHETIC WORDS3 0,IF PRIVATE]+ IS EV] NE$$1 IT WILL BE BACK40.<#f#d#c.> ,SECOND1 W> MA*9ES CREAT$ BY ! /ATE BECAME UNCONTROLLABLY 0NOMADIC0 ONCE !Y S]V$ !IR PURPOSE & W]E AB&ON$ BY ! /ATE4 ,! LAT] ESPECIALLY IS ( EXTREME IMPORTANCE = ,C>IBBEAN HI/ORY4 ,!RE IS A LOT ( TRU? 9 ,JANICE ,E4 ,TOMSON'S SIMPLE OBS]VATION ?AT 0! PRACTICE ( PRIVATE]+ PRODUC$ ! PROBLEM ( PIRACY40.<#f#d#d.> ,?IS IS CONFIRM$ BY CONSID]ATIONS EXPRESS$ 9 CONTEMPORANE\S S\RCES4 ,CAPTA9 ,JOHNSON =MULAT$ ! PROBLEM 9 ! FOLL[+ MANN]3 ,YET ! OBS]VATION IS JU/1 = SO MANY IDLE PEOPLE EMPLOY+ !MSELVES 9 PRIVATE]S = ! SAKE ( PLUND] & RI*ES1 :I* !Y ALWAYS SP5D AS FA/ AS !Y GET1 ?AT :5 ! W> IS OV] & !Y CAN HAVE NO F>!R BUS9ESS 9 ! WAY ( LIFE !Y HAVE BE5 US$ TO1 !Y TOO READILY 5GAGE 9 ACTS ( PIRACY2 :I* BE+ BUT ! SAME PRACTICE )\T A COMMISSION1 !Y MAKE V]Y LITLE DI/9CTION BETWIXT ! LAWFULNESS ( ONE1 & ! UNLAWFULNESS ( ! O!R4.<#f#d#e.> ,$MUND ,DUMM]1 RUNN+ A MAIL S]VICE TO ! ,C>IBBEAN JU/ AFT] ! \TBREAK ( ! ,W> ( ! ,SPANI% ,SUCCESSION1 REM>K$ ?AT 0IT IS ! OP9ION ( EV]Y ONE ?IS CURS$ TRADE . WILL BRE$ SO MANY PIRATES ?AT1 :5 PEACE COMES1 WE %ALL BE 9 MORE DANG] FROM !M ?AN WE >E N[ FROM ! 5EMY40.<#f#d#f.> ,ACCORD+ TO ,PHILIP ,GOSSE ?IS IS EXACTLY :AT HAPP5$ AFT] ! W> 5D$ 9 #a#g#a#c3 ,?\S&S ( PRIVATE]SM5 W]E ?US ?R[N \T ( EMPLOYM5T1 & !RE WAS NOT NE>LY 5\< M]*ANT %IPP+ TO GIVE HONE/ WORK TO ALL ! CREWS4 ,SOME M5 NO D\BT SETL$ D[N ON %ORE TO ONE K9D ( WORK OR ANO!R1 BUT HUNDR$S ( ! R\$ W> UPON ALL NATIONS4'.<#f#d#g.> ,?IS1 )\T D\BT1 CONTRIBUT$ DECISIVELY TO GOLD5 AGE PIRACY REA*+ ITS Z5I? ONLY A %ORT TIME LAT]4 ,! CONTEMPOR>Y P>ALLELS >E /RIK+4 ,FROM ,U,S-TRA9$ & SPONSOR$ 0,ISLAMIC FUNDAM5TALI/S0 :O HAVE TURN$ AGA9/ !IR =M] M5TORS1 TO ,LAT9 ,AM]ICAN CONTRAS CONT9U+ !IR T]ROR CAMPAIGNS AFT] !IR EMPLOYM5T BY POLITICAL 9T]E/ GR\PS HAS 5D$1 TO MILITIAS =M$ FROM ! REMA9S ( =M] /ATE SOCIALI/ SECURITY AG5CIES1 TO ! GOV]NM5T- EQUIPP$ ,JANJAWE$ ( ,SUDAN'S ,D>FUR REGION1 TO ! ?\S&S ( GU]RILLAS- TURN$-B&ITS 9 ALL CORN]S ( ! E>?--! /ATE CREAT+ ITS [N WOR/ 5EMY IS A RECURR+ !ME4 ,! REASON IS ?AT IT DEP5DS ON A VIOL5CE IT CANNOT ALWAYS CONTROL4 ,?IS1 ONCE AGA91 REM9DS US ( ! PIRATE AS A POLITICALLY AMBIGU\S FIGURE3 :ILE ALL ! M5TION$ DEFECTORS CAN POT5TIALLY TURN 9TO FRE$OM FI :]E ON ?IS SPECTRUM WE CAN PLACE ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATE444 #d4#e4 ,TACTICS3 ,PIRATES & ,GU]RILLA ,W>F>E ,ACCORD+ TO ,/EPH5 ,SNELD]S1 ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES1 AFT] ! 5D ( ! /ILL L&-BAS$ BUCCANE]+ TRADITION1 0REV]T$ TO GU]RILLA TACTICS1 PREY+ ON ! SEA R\TES ( ! ,WE/ ,9DIES1 ,AFRICA1 & ! ,>ABIAN & ,9DIAN COA/S40.<#f#d#h.> ,! *OICE ( WORDS H]E \BITR>Y4 ,9 ITS ME?ODS & TACTICS1 ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES 9DE$ 5GAG$ 9 GU]RILLA W>F>E AS LAID \T BY SOME ( ! GREAT GU]RILLA W>F>E !ORI/S1 9 P>TICUL> ,MAO ,TSE- ,TUNG1 ,*E ,GUEV>A1 & ,C>LOS ,M>I MA*9E WAS A GU]RILLA W> MA*9E4 ,! P>ALLELS BEG9 ) /RIK+ /RUCTURAL SIMIL>ITIES4 ,:5 ,MAO SAYS ?AT 0GU]RILLA W>F>E444IS A WEAPON ?AT A NATION 9F]IOR 9 >MS & MILIT>Y EQUIPM5T MAY EMPLOY AGA9/ A MORE P[]FUL AGGRESSOR NATION10.<#f#d#i.> !N ?IS ACCURATELY DESCRIBES ! PIRATE SITUATION1 ONLY ?AT WE MU/ REPLACE ! 09F]IOR0 NATION ) A 0NON-NATION0 & ! 0MORE P[]FUL0 NATION ) 0ALL NATIONS40 ,IT IS IMPORTANT1 H[EV]1 TO /RESS ?AT ! P>ALLELS BETWE5 GOLD5 AGE PIRATES & GU]RILLAS CONC]N ME?ODS & TACTICS1 NOT POLITICS4 ,POLITICALLY1 ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES' W> AGA9/ ALL ! WORLD W\LD NOT QUALIFY AS A GU]RILLA W>4 ,FIR/1 IT LACKS ! POLITICAL CONSCI\SNESS ?AT ALL !ORI/S ( GU]RILLA W>F>E SEE AS A DEF9+ FEATURE4 ,M>I POLITICAL OBJECTIVE & PREV5T ! GU]RILLA1 URBAN OR RURAL1 FROM TRANS=M+ ITSELF 9TO AN 9/RUM5T ( B&ITRY1 OR UNIFY+ ) B&ITS OR EMPLOY+ !IR ME?ODS40.<#f#e.> ,SECONDLY1 ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES LACK A PEOPLE & ITS ASSI/ANCE4 ,= ,MAO1 0GU]RILLA W>F>E BASICALLY D]IVES FROM ! MASSES & IS SUPPORT$ BY !M40.<#f#e#a.> ,= ,*E ,GUEV>A1 0GU]RILLA W>F>E IS W> BY ! 5TIRE PEOPLE AGA9/ ! REIGN+ OPPRESSION40.<#f#e#b.> ,! W> ( ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES NEV] WAS SU* A W>4 ,9 FACT1 9 ,GUEV>A'S JUDGM5T1 ?IS MAKES !M 0ROBB] B&S0 RA!R ?AN GU]RILLA UNITS3 ,= ! 9DIVIDUAL GU]RILLA1 !N1 :OLEHE>T$ HELP FROM ! LOCAL POPULATION IS ! BASIS ON :I* TO />T4 ,POPUL> SUPPORT IS 9DISP5SABLE4 ,LET US CONSID] ! EXAMPLE ( ROBB] B&S ?AT ROAM A C]TA9 REGION4 ,!Y POSSESS ALL ! *>ACT]I/ICS ( A GU]RILLA B&--HOMOG5EITY1 RESPECT = !IR LEAD]1 BRAV]Y1 FAMILI>ITY ) ! T]RA91 & FREQU5TLY EV5 ?OR\< UND]/&+ ( TACTICS4 ,!Y LACK ONLY ONE ?+3 ! SUPPORT ( ! PEOPLE4.<#f#e#c.> ,ONE C\LD1 ( C\RSE1 TRY TO MAKE A CASE = ALLEG$ B&ITS OR ROBB]S BE+ A LEGITIMATE P>T ( A PEOPLE'S /RUGGLE AGA9/ OPPRESSION4 ,9 FACT1 ,MAO DID MAKE SU* PROVISIONS 9 HIS GU]RILLA >MY CONCEPT3 ,! SEV5? .<& LA/.> TYPE ( GU]RILLA ORGANIZATION IS ?AT =M$ FROM B&S ( B&ITS & BRIG&S4 ,?IS1 AL?\< DIFFICULT1 MU/ BE C>RI$ \T ) UTMO/ VIGOR LE/ ! 5EMY USE SU* B&S TO HIS [N ADVANTAGE444 ,IT IS ONLY NECESS>Y TO CORRECT !IR POLITICAL BELIEFS TO CONV]T !M4 ,9 SPITE ( 9ESCAPABLE DIFF]5CES 9 ! FUNDAM5TAL TYPES ( GU]RILLA B&S1 IT IS POSSIBLE TO UNITE !M TO =M A VA/ SEA ( GU]RILLAS4.<#f#e#d.> ,:E!R ?IS APPLIES TO ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES WILL BE DISCUSS$ 9 ! SUBSEQU5T SECTIONS ( ?IS *APT]4 ,! FOLL[+ PAGES WILL--BY ! USE ( ORIG9AL QUOTES FROM GU]RILLA H&BOOKS & CORRESPOND+ PASSAGES FROM PIRATE HI/ORIES--TRY TO ILLU/RATE ! ME?ODICAL & TACTICAL P>ALLELS BETWE5 PIRATE W>F>E & GU]RILLA W>F>E4 7,9 ! CASE ( ,M>IF>E HAS BE5 OMIT$ 9 ! QUOTATIONS AS IT DOES NOT SEEM RELEVANT TO ! SY/EMATIC COMP>ISONS DRAWN H]E47 ,AP>T FROM SOME M9OR EXCEPTIONS--LIKE ,GUEV>A'S DEM&S ( 0ALCOHOL IS \T0 OR 0ON ! M>*1 /RICT SIL5CE0.<#f#e#e.>--! SIMIL>ITIES >E /RIK+4 ,BASICS ,M>IACT]I/ICS3 #a4 IT IS AN AGGRESSIVE TE*NIQUE1 OR 9 O!R WORDS1 DEF5SIVE ACTION MEANS DEA? = US4 ,S9CE WE >E 9F]IOR TO ! 5EMY 9 FIREP[] & HAVE NEI!R HIS RES\RCES NOR HIS P[] BASE1 WE CANNOT DEF5D \RSELVES AGA9/ AN (F5SIVE OR A CONC5TRAT$ ATACK BY ! GORILLAS4 ,& ?AT IS ! REASON :Y \R URBAN TE*NIQUE CAN NEV] BE P]MAN5T1 CAN NEV] DEF5D A FIX$ BASE NOR REMA9 9 ANY SPOT WAIT+ TO REPEL ! CIRCLES ( REACTION2 #b4 IT IS A TE*NIQUE ( ATACK & RETREAT BY :I* WE PRES]VE \R =CES2 #c4 IT IS A TE*NIQUE ?AT AIMS AT ! DEVELOPM5T ( URBAN GU]RILLA W>F>E1 :OSE FUNCTION WILL BE TO WE> \T1 DEMORALIZE1 & DI/RACT ! 5EMY =CES4444,! 9ITIAL ADVANTAGES .<( ! GU]RILLA.> >E3 #a4 HE MU/ TAKE ! 5EMY BY SURPRISE2 #b4 HE MU/ KN[ ! T]RA9 ( ! 5C\NT] BET] ?AN ! 5EMY2 #c4 HE MU/ HAVE GREAT] MOBILITY & SPE$ ?AN ! POLICE & O!R REPRESSIVE =CES2 #d4 HIS 9=MATION S]VICE MU/ BE BET] ?AN ! 5EMY'S2 #e4 HE MU/ BE 9 COMM& ( ! SITUATION & DEMON/RATE A DECISIV5ESS SO GREAT ?AT EV]YONE ON \R SIDE IS 9SPIR$ & NEV] ?9KS ( HESITAT+1 :ILE ON ! O!R SIDE ! 5EMY IS /UNN$ & 9CAPABLE ( RESPOND+4.<#f#e#f.> ,9 ?IS CONTEXT1 ,M>IRIOR BOOT CAMP3 ,!444GU]RILLA CAN HAVE /RONG PHYSICAL RESI/ANCE ONLY IF HE TRA9S SY/EMATICALLY4444,USEFUL =MS ( PHYSICAL PREP>ATION >E HIK+1 CAMP+1 ! PRACTICE 9 SURVIVAL 9 ! WOODS1 M\NTA9 CLIMB+1 R[+1 SWIMM+1 SK9 DIV+1444FI%+1 H>POON+1 & ! HUNT+ ( BIRDS & ( SMALL & BIG GAME4.<#f#e#g.> ,%OOT+ ,M>IF>E1 9 :I*444GU]RILLA W>F>E IS 9CLUD$1 ! COMBAT IS AT CLOSE RANGE1 (T5 V]Y CLOSE4 ,TO PREV5T HIS [N EXT9CTION1 !444GU]RILLA HAS TO %OOT FIR/ & HE CANNOT ]R 9 HIS %OT40.<#f#e#h.> ,DAVID ,M>LEY3 0,! ROV]S' RISE TO WORLD-WIDE PR$OM9ANCE DUR+ ! SECOND HALF ( ! SEV5TE5? C5TURY CAN BE ATRIBUT$ PRIM>ILY TO ONE FACTOR3 FIREP[]4 ,N[ MAT] H[ FEW 9 NUMB]S1 MO/ PIRATE B&S FELT !Y C\LD C>RY ANY OBJECTIVE ?R\< GUILE1 MOBILITY & SUP]IOR MUSKETRY4444,) ! EXCEPTION ( ,SA9T-,DOM+UE'S B\CANI]S & O!R SU* %>P%OOT+ HUNT]S1 MO/ PRIVATE]SM5 WAIT$ UNTIL !Y C\LD UNLEA% VOLLEYS FROM CLOSE RANGE DUR+ BATLE40.<#f#e#i.> ,/EPH5 ,SNELD]S3 0,ONE ADVANTAGE ( ! ,BRE?R5'S 9DEP5D5CE ( SPIRIT WAS ?AT !Y W]E EXCELL5T SKIRMI%]S40.<#f#f.> ,>MS ,M>IMS HAVE ! ADVANTAGE ( FA/ H&L+ & EASY TRANSPORT40.<#f#f#a.> ,MAO3 0,9 REG>D TO ! PROBLEM ( GU]RILLA EQUIPM5T1 IT MU/ BE UND]/OOD ?AT GU]RILLAS >E LIM$ ATACK GR\PS1 :I* REQUIRE SIMPLE EQUIPM5T40.<#f#f#b.> ,/EPH5 ,SNELD]S3 0,! BASIS ( !IR .<,BUCCANE]S.> WAY ( LIFE1 !IR MO/ COMMON *>ACT]I/IC & 9 A S5SE !IR RAISON D'ETRE1 LAY 9 !IR EXP]TIZE ) SMALL FIRE>MS3 MUSKETS1 BLUND]BUSSES1 & PI/OLS4 ,) !SE WEAPONS !Y /ALK$ ! ISL& 9 SMALL B&S ( FIVE OR SIX HUNT]S444 0.<#f#f#c.> ,SUPPLIES ,MAO3 0,! EQUIPM5T ( GU]RILLAS CANNOT BE BAS$ ON :AT ! GU]RILLAS WANT1 OR EV5 :AT !Y NE$1 BUT MU/ BE BAS$ ON :AT IS AVAILABLE = !IR USE40.<#f#f#d.> ,GUEV>A3 0,KEEP 9 M9D ?AT ! GU]RILLA'S MO/ IMPORTANT S\RCE ( SUPPLY IS ! 5EMY HIMSELF40.<#f#f#e.> ,CORD+LY & ,FALCON]3 0,! CLO!S1 >MS & %IPS ( !SE MOTLEY B&S1 COMPOS$ ( ! ADV5TUR]S ( ALL NATIONS1 DEP5D$ ON ! LOOT !Y ACQUIR$40.<#f#f#f.> ,EXPROPRIATION ,M>IMS1 AMMUNITION & EXPLOSIVES444MU/ BE EXPROPRIAT$4 ,& !444GU]RILLA MU/ ROB BANKS & >MORIES & SEIZE EXPLOSIVES & AMMUNITION :]EV] HE F9DS !M4 ,NONE ( !SE OP]ATIONS IS UND]TAK5 = JU/ ONE PURPOSE4 ,EV5 :5 ! ASSAULT IS = MONEY1 ! >MS ?AT ! GU>DS BE> MU/ ALSO BE TAK540.<#f#f#g.> ,AS HAS BE5 HILI]1 ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES W]E COMPLETELY DEP5D5T ON 0EXPROPRIATION40 ,! ECC5TRIC 0G5TLEMAN PIRATE0 ,/$E ,BONNET IS KN[N AS ! ONLY PIRATE :O 0%[$ SU* A NICETY ( FEEL+0 AS TO BUY HIS [N %IP4.<#f#f#h.> ,TRAPS ,9 HIS BOOK ON ,REVOLUTION>Y ,W>F>E1 ,JAMES ,CONNOLLY DESCRIBES ! SIGNIFICANCE ( A 0DEFILE0 = ! GU]RILLA /RUGGLE3 0,A /REET IS A DEFILE 9 A CITY4 ,A DEFILE IS A N>R[ PASS ?R\< :I* TROOPS CAN ONLY MOVE BY N>R[+ !IR FRONT1 & !RE=E MAK+ !MSELVES A GOOD T>GET = ! 5EMY40.<#f#f#i.> ,9 ,PAT]NS ( ,PILLAGE1 ,PAUL ,GALV9 EXPLA9S ! SIGNIFICANCE ( ,TORTUGA = ! BUCCANE]S 9 ITS 0HOLD OV] M>ITIME *OKE PO9TS0 & 0VULN]ABLE BOTL5ECKS40.<#f#g.> ,SPE$ ,REGIS ,DEBRAY3 0,9 TIME ( W> QUE/IONS ( SPE$ >E VITAL1 ESPECIALLY 9 ! E>LY /AGES :5 AN UN>M$ & 9EXP]I5C$ GU]RILLA B& MU/ CONFRONT A WELL->M$ & KN[L$GEABLE 5EMY444 0.<#f#g#a.> ,MAO ALSO SPEAKS ( 0LI ,CORD+LY & ,FALCON]3 0,SPE$ WAS ESS5TIAL = A PIRATE %IP TO 5ABLE H] TO MAKE A SUCCESSFUL ATACK & A RAPID GETAWAY40.<#f#g#c.> ,D\GLAS ,BOT+3 0,SPE$ & SURPRISE W]E ( ! ESS5CE40.<#f#g#d.> ,SURPRISE ,M>IMS COMP>$ TO ! 5EMY1 !444GU]RILLA USES SURPRISE40.<#f#g#e.> ,MAO3 0,AL?\< ! ELEM5T ( SURPRISE IS NOT ABS5T 9 OR?ODOX W>F>E1 !RE >E FEW] OPPORTUNITIES TO APPLY IT ?AN !RE >E DUR+ GU]RILLA HO/ILITIES4 ,9 ! LAT]1 SPE$ IS ESS5TIAL4 ,! MOVEM5TS ( GU]RILLA TROOPS MU/ BE SECRET & SUP]NATURAL RAPIDITY2 ! 5EMY MU/ BE TAK5 UNAW>E1 & ! ACTION 5T]$ SPE$ILY4 ,!RE CAN BE NO PROCRA/9ATION 9 ! EXECUTION ( PLANS2 NO ASSUMPTION ( A NEGATIVE OR PASSIVE DEF5SE2 NO GREAT DISP]SION ( =CES 9 MANY LOCAL 5GAGEM5TS4 ,! BASIC ME?OD IS ! ATACK 9 A VIOL5T & DECEPTIVE =M40.<#f#g#f.> ,GUEV>A I3 0,! WAY A GU]RILLA >MY ATTACKS IS ALSO DIFF]5T3 A SUDD51 SURPRISE1 FURI\S1 REL5TLESS ATACK1 !N1 ABRUPTLY1 TOTAL PASSIVITY4444,AN UNEXPECT$ LI ,GUEV>A II3 0,SOME DISP>AG+ PEOPLE CALL ?IS 'HIT & RUN4' ,?AT IS EXACTLY :AT IT IS6 ,HIT & RUN1 WAIT1 /ALK ! 5EMY1 HIT HIM AGA9 & RUN1 DO IT ALL AGA9 & AGA91 GIV+ NO RE/ TO ! 5EMY4 ,P]HAPS ?IS SMACKS ( NOT FAC+ UP TO ! 5EMY4 ,NEV]!LESS1 IT S]VES ! GOAL ( GU]RILLA W>F>E3 TO CONQU] & DE/ROY ! 5EMY40.<#f#g#h.> ,ANGUS ,KON/AM3 0,/EAL? & SURPRISE W]E ! KEY ELEM5TS 9 BUCCANE] ATACKS40.<#f#g#i.> ,D\GLAS ,BOT+3 0,ESS5TIALLY1 !Y W]E HIT-&-RUN RAID]S1 & !IR TACTICS W]E DESIGN$ TO ?AT 5D40.<#f#h.> ,CORD+LY & ,FALCON]3 0,:5 !RE WAS A FI PLOYS W]E /EAL?1 SURPRISE & TRICK]Y444 0.<#f#h#a.> ,! FOLL[+ SUMM>Y BY ,M>IIBBEAN BUCCANE]S' & PIRATES' W>F>E3 ,! TE*NIQUE ( SURPRISE IS BAS$ ON F\R ESS5TIAL REQUISITES3 #a4 WE KN[ ! SITUATION ( ! 5EMY WE >E GO+ TO ATTACK1 USUALLY BY MEANS ( PRECISE 9=MATION & METICUL\S OBS]VATION1 :ILE ! 5EMY DOES NOT KN[ HE IS GO+ TO BE ATTACK$ & KN[S NO?+ AB\T ! ATACK]2 #b4 WE KN[ ! =CE ( ! 5EMY ?AT IS GO+ TO BE ATACK$ & ! 5EMY KN[S NO?+ AB\T \R =CE2 #c4 ATTACK+ BY SURPRISE1 WE SAVE & CONS]VE \R =CES1 :ILE ! 5EMY IS UNABLE TO DO ! SAME & IS LEF AT ! M]CY ( EV5TS2 #d4 WE DET]M9E ! H\R & ! PLACE ( ! ATACK1 FIX ITS DURATION1 & E/ABLI% ITS OBJECTIVE4 ,! 5EMY REMA9S IGNORANT ( ALL ?IS40.<#f#h#b.> 0,SMOO? ,SPACE0 ,MAO3 0,:5 ! SITUATION IS S]I\S1 ! GU]RILLAS MU/ MOVE ) ! FLUIDITY ( WAT] & ! EASE ( ! BL[+ W9D4 ,!IR TACTICS MU/ DECEIVE1 TEMPT1 & CONFUSE ! 5EMY4 ,!Y MU/ LEAD ! 5EMY TO BELIEVE ?AT !Y WILL ATACK HIM FROM ! EA/ & NOR?1 & !Y MU/ !N /RIKE HIM FROM ! WE/ & ! S\?4 ,!Y MU/ /RIKE1 !N RAPIDLY DISP]SE40.<#f#h#c.> ,REGIS ,DEBRAY3 0,AT ! BEG9N+ !Y KEEP \T ( SI ,DAVID ,CORD+LY3 0,! NAVY ALSO HAD ! PROBLEM :I* HAS ALWAYS FAC$ ! =CES ( LAW & ORD] :5 CONFRONT$ BY WELL->M$ REBELS1 GU]RILLAS OR T]RORI/S3 KN[+ :5 & :]E ! NEXT ATACK MI ,PAUL ,GALV93 0,!IR MOVEM5TS W]E LESS PR$ICTABLE ?AN ?OSE ( !IR PIRATICAL PR$ECESSORS1 & !Y W]E DIFFICULT TO CAT*40.<#f#h#f.> ,T]RA9 ,M>I ,M>I ,GUEV>A I3 0,:5 WE ANALYZE ! TACTICS ( GU]RILLA W>F>E1 WE SEE ?AT ! GU]RILLA MU/ POSSESS A HI SUPPORT1 & HID+ PLACES40.<#f#h#i.> ,GUEV>A II3 0,! GU]RILLA MU/444KN[ ! !AT] ( OP]ATIONS LIKE ! PALM ( HIS H&40.<#f#i.> ,PET] ,E>LE I3 0,AS 9 ! E>LI] CAMPAIGNS1 !Y . KNEW ! WAT]S :]E !Y CRUIS$ BET] ?AN !IR PURSU]S & W]E (T5 ABLE TO USE ?AT KN[L$GE TO !IR ADVANTAGE40.<#f#i#a.> ,PET] ,E>LE II3 0,ON ONE OCCASION ,H,M,S ,M]MAID WAS *AS+ A SLOOP COMM&$ BY ! PIRATE ,L[ & ) A GOOD W9D WAS CAT*+ UP FA/4 ',BUT IT HAPP5$ !RE WAS ONE MAN ON BO>D ! SLOOP ?AT KNEW ( A %OAL GR\ND !REAB\TS :O DIRECT$ ,L[ TO RUN OV] IT2 HE DID SO2 & ! MAN-(-W> :O HAD SO =]EA*$ HIM AS TO SL+ A %OT OV] HIM444 RAN A GR\ND UPON ! %OAL & WAS DISMA/$40.<#f#i#b.> ,MOBILITY ,M>I ,M>IGET &1 AS SU*1 V]Y VULN]ABLE40.<#f#i#d.> ,MAO3 0,:5 WE DISCUSS ! T]MS 'FRONT' & 'RE>'1 IT MU/ BE REMEMB]$1 ?AT :ILE GU]RILLAS DO HAVE BASES1 !IR PRIM>Y FIELD ( ACTIVITY IS 9 ! 5EMY'S RE> >EAS4 ,TEY !MSELVES HAVE NO RE>40.<#f#i#e.> ,GUEV>A I3 0,! GU]RILLA RELIES ON MOBILITY4 ,?IS P]MITS HIM QUICKLY TO FLEE ! >EA ( ACTION :5EV] NECESS>Y1 CON/ANTLY TO %IFT HIS FRONT1 TO EVADE 5CIRCLEM5T 7A MO/ DANG]\S SITUATION = ! GU]RILLA71 & EV5 TO C\NT]-5CIRCLE ! 5EMY40.<#f#i#f.> ,GUEV>A II3 0,ONE CANNOT CONCEIVE ( /ATIC GU]RILLA W>F>E4444 ! )DRAWAL MU/ BE SWIF40.<#f#i#g.> ,WE CAN RECALL SEV]AL PASSAGES QUOT$ 9 E>LI] SECTIONS ON GOLD5 AGE PIRATE LIFE H]E3 ,/EPH5 ,SNELD]S3 0,ALL PIRATES KNEW !MSELVES TO BE HOMELESS40.<#f#i#h.> ,ROB]T ,C4 ,RIT*IE3 0,AN>*I/IC M>AUD+ 9VOLV$ LEAV+ BEH9D ! BASE ( OP]ATION & W&]+ = MON?S--EV5 YE>S--AT A TIME40.<#f#i#i.> ,DAVID ,CORD+LY3 0,A /UDY ( ! TRACKS ( ! PIRATE %IPS %[S MANY ZIG-ZAGG+ ALL OV] ! PLACE )\T APP>5T REASON40.<#g.> ,ORGANIZATION ,M>ITICUL>1 IS V]Y SIMPLE & IS ALWAYS BAS$ UPON A SMALL NUMB] ( COMRADES :O1 9 ORD] TO M]IT CONFID5CE1 DI/+UI% !MSELVES 9 ! MO/ HAZ>D\S & RESPONSIBLE ACTIONS BY !IR CAPACITY = 9ITIATIVE & !IR 9TRANSIG5CE 9 ! DEF5SE & APPLICATION ( ! REVOLUTION>Y PR9CIPLES TO :I* WE >E COMMIT$40.<#g#a.> ,M>IY1 >E NOT AN >MY BUT SMALL >M$ GR\PS1 9T5TIONALLY FRAGM5T$40.<#g#b.> ,MAO I3 0,9 ALL >MIES1 OB$I5CE ( ! SUBORD9ATES TO !IR SUP]IORS MU/ BE EXACT$4 ,?IS IS TRUE 9 ! CASE ( GU]RILLA DISCIPL9E1 BUT ! BASIS = GU]RILLA DISCIPL9E MU/ BE ! 9DIVIDUAL CONSCI5CE4 ,) GU]RILLAS1 A DISCIPL9E ( COMPULSION IS 9EFFECTIVE40.<#g#c.> ,MAO II3 0,9 A REVOLUTION>Y >MY1 ALL 9DIVIDUALS 5JOY POLITICAL LIB]TY & ! QUE/ION1 = EXAMPLE1 ( ! EMANCIPATION ( ! PEOPLE MU/ NOT ONLY BE TOL]AT$ BUT DISCUSS$444 0.<#g#d.> ,MAO III3 0,(FIC]S %\LD LIVE UND] ! SAME CONDITIONS AS !IR M51 = ?AT IS ! ONLY WAY 9 :I* !Y CAN GA9 FROM !IR M5 ! ADMIRATION & CONFID5CE SO VITAL 9 W>40.<#g#e.> ,GUEV>A3 0,FOOD WAS DI/RIBUT$ %>E & %>E ALIKE4 ,?IS IS IMPORTANT1 NOT ONLY BECAUSE ! DI/RIBUTION ( FOOD IS ! ONE REGUL> DAILY EV5T1 BUT ALSO BECAUSE ! SOLDI]S >E S5SITIVE TO FANCI$ 9JU/ICES & DISPLAYS ( FAVORITISM40.<#g#f.> ,AGA91 SEV]AL PASSAGES ON GOLD5 AGE PIRATE LIFE CAN BE RECALL$3 ,DAVID ,CORD+LY3 0,PIRATE COMMUNITIES W]E444DEMOCRACIES40.<#g#g.> ,M>CUS ,R$IK]3 0,! DECISIONS ! C\NCIL MADE W]E SACROSANCT4 ,EV5 ! BOLDE/ CAPTA9 D>$ NOT *ALL5GE ITS P[]40.<#g#h.> ,M>CUS ,R$IK] II3 0,! SOCIAL ORGANIZATION CON/RUCT$ BY PIRATES WAS FLEXIBLE444 0.<#g#i.> ,FRANK ,%]RY3 0,= ! MO/ P>T PIRATES *OSE !IR CAPTA9S ON ! BASIS ( M]IT40.<#g#a.> ,/EPH5 ,SNELD]S3 0,REG>DLESS ( H[ PI/OL-PRO(1 BOLD1 T]RIFY+1 OR BELOV$ A PIRATE CAPTA9 MI*Y & AU?ORIT>IANISM W]E CON/ANTLY QUE/ION$40.<#g#a#a.> ,ROB]T ,C4 ,RIT*IE3 0,! M>AUD]S444LIV$ 9 SMALL SELF-CONTA9$ DEMOCRACIES ?AT USUALLY OP]AT$ BY MAJORITY VOTE0.<#g#a#b.> ,9ITIATIVE ,F9ALLY1 A NUMB] ( PASSAGES FROM ! GU]RILLA H&BOOKS CONFIRM ! OV]ALL S5SE ( PIRATE 9ITIATIVE EXPRESS$ ?R\<\T ?IS VOLUME3 ,M>ID CON/RUCTION ( AN 9FRA/RUCTURE ?AT WILL P]MIT ACTION1 9/EAD ( WORRY+ AB\T BUILD+ A HI]>*ICAL /RUCTURE ?R\< MEET+S ( DELEGATES OR ! CALL+ TOGE!R ( LEAD]S ( ! OLD CONV5TIONAL P>TIES40.<#g#a#c.> ,M>IY ORGANIZATION !RE >E ONLY MISSIONS & TASKS TO COMPLETE40.<#g#a#d.> ,M>I ,MAO3 0,! TACTICS ( DEF5SE HAVE NO PLACE 9 ! REALM ( GU]RILLA W>F>E40.<#g#a#f.> ,MAO II3 0,! ATTACK MU/ BE MADE ON GU]RILLA 9ITIATIVE2 ?AT IS1 GU]RILLAS MU/ NOT P]MIT !MSELVES TO BE MANOEUVR$ 9TO A POSITION :]E !Y >E ROBB$ ( 9ITIATIVE & :]E ! DECISION TO ATACK IS =C$ UPON !M40.<#g#a#g.> ,GUEV>A I3 0,ANO!R *>ACT]I/IC ( ! 9DIVIDUAL GU]RILLA IS HIS 9ITIATIVE4 ,9 CONTRA/ TO ! RIGIDITY ( CLASSICAL W>F>E1 ! GU]RILLA 9V5TS HIS [N TACTICS = EA* MOM5T ( BATLE & CON/ANTLY SURPRISES HIS 5EMY40.<#g#a#h.> ,GUEV>A II3 0,COMBAT COMES AS A WELCOME RELIEF FROM ?IS DRUDG]Y & LEAVES ! B& ) FRE%5$ SPIRITS4 ,IT BEG9S AT ! RI ,GUEV>A III3 0,COMBAT IS ! CLIMAX ( GU]RILLA LIFE4 ,?\< EA* 9DIVIDUAL 5C\NT] MAY BE ONLY ( BRIEF DURATION1 EA* BATLE IS A PR(\ND EMOTIONAL EXP]I5CE = ! GU]RILLA40.<#g#b.> ,9 CONCLUSION1 IT SEEMS SIGNIFICANT ?AT ,L59 TALKS AB\T GU]RILLA W>F>E AS A 0=M ( /RUGGLE . WAS ADOPT$ AS ! PREF]ABLE & EV5 EXCLUSIVE =M ( SOCIAL /RUGGLE BY ! VAGABOND ELEM5TS ( ! POPULATION1 ! LUMP5 PROLET>IAT & AN>*I/ GR\PS40.<#g#b#a.> ,BO? LUMP5 PROLET>IAT & AN>*I/ GR\PS PO9T T[>DS ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES--:OSE GU]RILLA TACTICS W]E1 IF WE BELIEVE ! AU?ORS ( 0,PIRATE ,UTOPIAS10 F> FROM 9EFFECTIVE3 0,!Y LAUN*$ RAID+ P>TIES SO SUCCESSFUL ?AT !Y CREAT$ AN IMP]IAL CRISIS1 ATACK+ ,BRITI% TRADE ) ! COLONIES1 & CRIPPL+ ! EM]G+ SY/EM ( GLOBAL EXPLOITATION1 SLAV]Y & COLONIALISM40.<#g#b#b.> ,DID ?IS MAKE ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES REVOLUTION>IES DESPITE A LACK ( REVOLUTION>Y CONSCI\SNESS8 #d4#f4 ,REVOLUTION>Y1 ,RADICAL1 & ,PROLET>IAN ,PIRATES8 ,MATT]S ( ,DEF9ITION II ,! QUE/ION ( :AT CON/ITUTES A REVOLUTION>Y ID5TITY (T5 TURNS 9TO A M]E FI*I/ ID5TITY1 MU* DEP5DS ON MAT]S ( DEF9ITION4 ,IF BE+ REVOLUTION>Y REQUIRES A CONSCI\S ALL-5COMPASS+ POLITICAL AG5DA--I4E4 AN AG5DA TO FUNDAM5TALLY *ANGE ALL ( SOCIETY'S ORGANIZATIONAL /RUCTURES--!N IT APPE>S UNLIKELY ?AT MANY GOLD5 AGE PIRATES W\LD QUALIFY1 AS SU* AN AG5DA SEEMS MISS+4 ,YET1 IF BE+ REVOLUTION>Y MEANS CONTRIBUT+ TO A DISRUPTION ( SOCIETY'S ORGANIZATIONAL /RUCTURES ?AT POSE A FUNDAM5TAL ?REAT TO ! POLITICAL ORD]1 !N GOLD5 AGE PIRATES DID HAVE REVOLUTION>Y TRAITS & !IR ACTIONS C\LD 9DE$ BE DESCRIB$ AS REVOLUTION>Y4.<#g#b#c.> ,AF] !SE CL>IFICATIONS1 ! QUE/ION BECOMES H[ MU* S5SE SU* DESCRIPTIONS MAKE4 ,NOT ALL HI/ORIANS D5Y ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES POLITICAL CONSCI\SNESS4 ,M>CUS ,R$IK] CLAIMS ?AT !Y 0SELF-CONSCI\SLY BUILT AN AUTONOM\S1 DEMOCRATIC1 EGALIT>IAN SOCIAL ORD] ( !IR [N1 A SUBV]SIVE ALT]NATIVE TO ! PREVAIL+ WAYS ( ! M]*ANT1 NAVAL1 & PRIVATE]+ %IP & A C\NT]CULTURE TO ! CIVILIZATION ( ,ATLANTIC CAPITALISM ) ITS EXPROPRIATION & EXPLOITATION1 T]ROR & SLAV]Y10.<#g#b#d.> & ADDS3 ,PIRATES P]CEIV$ !MSELVES & !IR SOCIAL RELATIONS ?R\< A COLLECTIVI/IC E?OS ?AT HAD BE5 =G$ 9 !IR /RUGGLE = SURVIVAL1 FIR/ AS SEAM51 !N AS \TLAWS4 ,!Y HAD REASONS = :AT !Y DID1 & !Y EXPRESS$ !M CLE>LY1 CONSI/5TLY1 CONFID5TLY1 & EV51 ON OCCASION1 ) A DEGREE ( SELF-RIIAN SOCIAL ORGANIZATION1 & !IR NOTIONS ( REV5GE & FAIRNESS1 !Y TRI$ TO E/ABLI% A WORLD 9 :I* PEOPLE 'W]E JU/LY DEALT )4'.<#g#b#e.> ,HANS ,TURLEY (F]S A SOME:AT WEAK] =M ( SU* CLAIMS :5 WRIT+ ?AT 0UNLIKE ! BUCCANE]S & ! PRIVATE]S1 ! GOLD5-AGE PIRATES NOT ONLY *OSE TO LIVE \TSIDE ! P>AMET]S ( SOCIAL CONV5TIONS1 BUT444 EMBRAC$ A LIFE ?AT *ALL5G$ ?OSE CONV5TIONS40.<#g#b#f.> ,!RE >E EXAMPLES AMONG ! RECORDS ON GOLD5 AGE PIRACY ?AT SUPPORT ! !ORY ( A SELF-CONSCI\S POLITICAL ASPECT TO !IR ACTIONS4 ,ONE DOCUM5T NAMES M]*ANT CAPTA9 ,TOMAS ,*ECKLEY :O REPORT$ ?AT PIRATES REF]R+ TO !MSELVES AS 0,ROB9 ,HOODS ,M50 HAD TAK5 HIS %IP4.<#g#b#g.> ,ACCORD+ TO ,CAPTA9 ,JOHNSON1 SOME MEMB]S ( ,B>?OLOMEW ,ROB]TS' CREW COMM5T$ ON !IR DEA? S5T5CES BY ALLUD+ ?AT 0!Y W]E POOR ROGUES444 & SO HANG$1 :ILE O!RS1 NO LESS GUILTY 9 ANO!R WAY1 ESCAP$10.<#g#b#h.> :ILE ANO!R PIRATE CREW RETURN$ :AT !Y HAD TAK5 FROM A %IP AFT] !Y HAD F\ND \T ?AT MO/ ( ! BOOTY BELONG$ TO 09NOC5T *ILDR540.<#g#b#i.> ,JOHNSON ALSO RELATES ONE ( ! MO/ SOCIALLY CONSCI\S DECL>ATIONS ( A FAM$ PIRATE1 :5 ,M>Y ,READ APPROVES ( CAPITAL PUNI%M5T = H] K9D BECAUSE O!RWISE 0MANY ( ?OSE :O >E N[ *EAT+ ! WID[S & ORPHANS1 & OPPRESS+ ! POOR NEI ,!RE W]E ALSO1 DUR+ ! LA/ PHASES ( GOLD5 AGE PIRACY1 ! C\RTS ( JU/ICE MET$ \T AGA9/ M]*ANT CAPTA9S ( TAK5 VESSELS4.<#g#c#a.> ,F9ALLY1 POLITICAL AU?ORITIES W]E FREELY MOCK$3 VICTIMS ( AN ATACK BY ,B>?OLOMEW ,ROB]TS' CREW RECALL$ ?AT 0!Y . (T5 RIDICUL$ & MADE A MOCK AT K+ ,GEORGE'S ACTS ( GRACE ) AN OA?1 ?AT !Y HAD NOT GOT MONEY 5\<1 BUT :5 !Y HAD1 IF HE !N DID GRANT !M ONE1 AFT] !Y S5T HIM WORD1 !Y W\LD ?ANK HIM = IT40.<#g#c#b.> ,/ILL1 NONE ( !SE EXAMPLES SEEMS TO SUGGE/ A P>TICUL> POLITICAL OR SOCIAL VISION 9 ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES' SELF-CONSCI\SNESS AS 0POOR ROGUES40 ,EV5 IF C]TA9 VICTIMS MID$ AS MORE HONORABLE T>GETS ?AN O!RS1 ! OV]ALL PICTURE SUGGE/S A PRETY 9DISCRIM9ATE PATT]N ( ?OSE :O W]E T>GET$4 ,! RECORDS SEEM TO REFUTE ANY CLAIM ?AT GOLD5 AGE PIRATES ATACK$ ONLY ! RI*1 OR BEHAV$ B5EVOL5TLY T[>DS ! POOR4 ,!Y MU* RA!R FIT ! PICTURE ( ! SOCIAL B&IT LAID \T BY ,]IC ,HOBSBAWM1 DISCUSS$ 9 A LAT] SECTION ( ?IS *APT]4 ,! BE/ KN[N ATEMPT AT F9D+ TRACES ( CONSCI\S POLITICAL ACTIVISM 9 ! ,C>IBBEAN BUCCANE] & PIRATE COMMUNITIES HAS BE5 UND]TAK5 BY ,*RI/OPH] ,HILL :O1 9 #a#i#h#d1 PUBLI%$ ! ESSAY 0,RADICAL ,PIRATES80 ,IT IS NOTEWOR?Y ?AT SOME PIRATE-PASSIONATE RADICALS HAVE %[N A T5D5CY TO IGNORE ! QUE/ION M>K AT ! 5D ( ! ESSAY'S TITLE4 ,HILL 5DS HIS ESSAY ) ! CAUTI\S COMM5T3 0,I SUGGE/444 ?AT IT MIEFULLY ! ,WE/ ,9DIES AS A REFUGE = POLITICAL RADICALS AFT] ! DEFEAT ( ! .<,5GLI%.> ,REVOLUTION40.<#g#c#c.> ,9 ?IS S5SE1 ,HILL MAKES NO CLAIMS1 HE ONLY PO9TS TO TANTALIZ+ RESE>* OPPORTUNITIES4 ,HE ALSO1 H[EV]1 SUGGE/S1 0WE MAY CONCLUDE ?AT ! SURVIVAL ( SOME RADICAL IDEAS AMONG ! PIRATES :OM ,DEFOE .<,CAPTA9 ,JOHNSON.> DESCRIBES IS NOT IMPOSSIBLE3 IT IS1 9DE$1 LIKELY40.<#g#c#d.> ,?IS IS C]TA9LY :AT GOT MANY RADICALS EXCIT$4 ,TO RECAPTURE ! MA9 PO9TS ( ,HILL'S ESSAY3 ,HILL SUGGE/S ?AT ) ,CROMWELL'S EXP$ITION TO ! ,WE/ ,9DIES 9 #a#f#e#d_/#e#e 7:I*1 MO/ SIGNIFICANTLY1 BR\T]S7 A NUMB] ( RADICALS MOV$ TO ! ,WE/ ,9DIES4 ,!RE !Y EI!R F\ND !IR WAY 9TO BUCCANE] & PIRATE RANKS1 OR HELP$ CREATE A SOCIAL CLIMATE 9 :I* DISSID5T IDEAS C\LD GR[ & 9SPIRE O!RS TO JO94 ,9 P>TICUL>1 ,HILL M5TIONS ADH]5TS ( ! ,RANT]S & ,QUAK]S1 ANTI-CL]ICAL ,*RI/IAN REBELS4 ,HE ALSO CITES ! PRES5CE ( 0FAD$ R$ COATS ( ! ,NEW ,MODEL ,>MY0.<#g#c#e.>--! MILIT>Y W+ ( ,5GL&'S REPUBLICAN REVOLUTION 9 ! MID-#a#g? C5TURY-- )9 ! RANKS ( ! BUCCANE]S4 ,:AT >E WE TO MAKE ( ?IS8 ,! ,RANT]S W\LD FIT WOND]FULLY 9TO ?IS VOLUME ) !IR LIB]T>IAN PAN!ISM1 ESPECIALLY :5 WE CONSID] ,HILL'S DESCRIPTION ?AT 0!IRS WAS 'A H]OIC EF=T TO PROCLAIM ,DIONYSUS 9 A WORLD FROM :I* HE WAS BE+ DRIV54'0.<#g#c#f.> ,! PROBLEM IS ?AT NOT ONLY DO WE LACK RECORDS ( ,RANT]S TRAVEL+ TO ! ,WE/ ,9DIES 7LET ALONE E/ABLI%+ !MSELVES !RE AS A RECOGNIZ$ COMMUNITY71 WE LACK RELIABLE RECORDS AB\T ! ,RANT]S MOVEM5T 9 G5]AL--:I* HAS L$ SOME HI/ORIANS TO >GUE ?AT !RE NEV] REALLY WAS A ,RANT]S MOVEM5T3 ,! PRIMACY ( ! 9DWELL+ SPIRIT1 ! PAN!I/IC S5SE ?AT ,GOD IS 9 POSSESSION ( OR 9FUSES ALL ?+S1 ! FISSON ( MILL5>IAN P]CEPTION1 ! JUGGL+ ( 9V]SIONS1 !SE COMMON FEATURES ( ! MID-SEV5TE5?-C5TURY L&SCAPE ( SPIRITUAL 5?USIASM CANNOT BE CONF9$ TO A ,RANT] GR\P &1 ACCORD+LY1 !Y >E NOT ADEQUATE DISCRIM9ATORS = ID5TIFY+ SU* A GR\P4444,SU* EVID5CE AS !RE IS1 !RE=E1 SUGGE/S ?AT ! ,RANT]S DID NOT EXI/ EI!R AS A SMALL GR\P ( LIKE-M9D$ 9DIVIDUALS1 AS A SECT1 OR AS A L>GE-SCALE1 MIDDLE- SCALE OR SMALL MOVEM5T4444,!RE WAS A ,RANT] S5SATION4.<#g#c#g.> ,EV5 IF WE ASSUME ?AT A ,RANT]S MOVEM5T EXI/$ & REA*$ ! ,C>IBBEAN1 !RE SEEMS TO BE H>DLY ANY 9DICATION ?AT IT W\LD HAVE 9FLU5C$ BUCCANE]S & PIRATES4 ,ONE P]PETUALLY CIT$ EXAMPLE IS ?AT ( 0,RANT] ,BAY0 9 ,MADAGASC>1 :]E ONE ,JAMES ,PLANTA9 E/ABLI%$ HIMSELF AS A 0,PIRATE ,K+0 >\ND #a#g#b4.<#g#c#h.> ,TO CONCLUDE1 H[EV]1 ?AT ?IS PROVES A ,RANT] /RA9 9 ! PIRATE COMMUNITY1 SEEMS RA!R D>+4 ,= ONE ?+1 ALL ! /&>D DICTION>IES LI/ TO RANT AS A COMMON #a#g?- & #a#h?-C5TURY T]M = 0TALK+ FOOLI%LY0 OR 0RAV+40.<#g#c#i.> ,RANT] ,BAY H5CE SEEMS A LIKELY SELF- IRONIC NAME = A PIRATE PO/ )\T ANY POLITICAL CONNOTATIONS--ESPECIALLY :5 CONSID]+ ?AT ?IS PO/ WAS E/ABLI%$ #g YE>S AFT] ! ,RANT] MOVEM5T HAD ITS %ORT 7REAL OR ALLEG$7 MOM5T4 ,ANO!R POSSIBILITY IS ?AT ! NAME D]IV$ FROM ! ,DUT* WORD RANT5--MEAN+ MU* ! SAME AS TO RANT4 ,CROSS-L+UAL V>IATIONS W]E COMMON AMONG ! ,5GLI%-,FR5*- ,DUT* ALLIANCES ( BUCCANE]S & PIRATES1 AS ! CASES ( B\CANI]_/BUCCANE]1 ZE]OV]_/SEA ROV]1 JOLIE R\GE_/,JOLLY ,ROG] & O!RS DEMON/RATE4 ,A ,DUT* PIRATE PRES5CE ON ,MADAGASC> IS RECORD$4.<#g#d.> ,MO/ IMPORTANTLY1 H[EV]1 ,JOHN ,PLANTA9'S SELF-PROCLAIM$ /ATUS AS A K+1 HIS SELF-DECL>$ RULE OV] ! NATIVE POPULATION1 HIS 9VOLVEM5T 9 ! SLAVE TRADE1 & ! 0H>EM0 ( NATIVE WOM5 HE SUPPOS$LY KEPT1 CAN H>DLY ALL[ US TO GO GUNG-HO OV] ! NAME HE GAVE HIS BAY1 :ATEV] ITS ORIG9S OR ALLUSIONS4.<#g#d#a.> ,QUAK]S DEF9ITELY SETL$ 9 ! ,C>IBBEAN4 ,9 FACT1 LIKE ,RHODE ,ISL& ON ! ,NOR? ,AM]ICAN COA/1 ,B>BADOS SOON DEVELOP$ 9TO A ,QUAK] C5T] 9 ! SO-CALL$ ,NEW ,WORLD4 ,! SUGGE/ION ?AT ,QUAK]ISM C\LD HAVE HAD AN IMPACT ON ! ,C>IBBEAN BUCCANE] & PIRATE SOCIETIES1 H[EV]1 SEEMS H>DLY CONV9C+ = SEV]AL REASONS3 #a4 ,QUAK]ISM SIMPLY >RIV$ TOO LATE TO 9FLU5CE ! BUCCANE]S' ,CU/OM ( ! ,COA/1 I4E4 ! F\NDATION ( ! ,C>IBBEAN BUCCANE] & PIRATE CULTURE4 ,! CU/OM WAS WELL E/ABLI%$ 9 ! #a#f#eS :5 ! FIR/ ,QUAK]S APPE>$ ON ! ,C>IBBEAN SC5E4 #b4 ,GEORGE ,FOX1 ,QUAK]ISM'S MO/ PROM95T E>LY FIGURE1 DID VISIT ,B>BADOS & ,JAMAICA = SEV]AL MON?S 9 #a#f#g#a4 ,NO CONNECTIONS--9 :ATEV] WAY--BETWE5 HIM & ! BUCCANE] COMMUNITY >E RECORD$4 #c4 ,DESPITE EXPRESS+ NOBLE E?ICAL IDEALS1 9CLUD+ E>LY CONDEMNATIONS ( SLAV]Y1 ,QUAK]ISM DID LITLE TO *ALL5GE ECONOMIC 9JU/ICES--A POLITICAL 9C5TIVE ( ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES IF !RE WAS ANY4 ,ONE ( ,B>BADOS' E>LY & MO/ ACTIVE ,QUAK] LEAD]S WAS 9 FACT 0A WEAL?Y SUG>-PLANT]1 :O WAS A GREAT FRI5D ( ! GOV]NOR40.<#g#d#b.> #d4 ,AS F> AS ! ,QUAK]S' NOBLE E?ICAL IDEALS >E CONC]N$1 IT WAS PACIFISM ?AT SOON OCCUPI$ ! MO/ PROM95T ROLE1 NOT PIRATISM4 ,?IS IS CLE>LY EXPRESS$ 9 ! ACC\NT ( ! ,QUAK] ,CAPTA9 ,KNOT 9 ! ,G5]AL ,HI/ORY3 ,KNOT WAS ! COMM&] ( A 0V]Y PEACEABLE %IP10 ONE ?AT 0HAD NEI!R PI/OL1 SWORD NOR CUTLASS ON BO>D40 ,SOME PIRATES ( ,CAPTA9 ,WALT] ,K5N$Y'S CREW ?\ #e4 ,! E?ICAL ANTAGONISM BETWE5 ,QUAK]S & PIRATES SEEMS P>TICUL>LY PRON\NC$ :5 WE CONSID] ! FATE ( ?OSE ,QUAK]S WE MI$ !IR FATE ) ?AT ( MANY PIRATES & 5D$ ON ! GALL[S4 ,NOT = ROBB]Y & MURD]1 H[EV]1 BUT = PR9CIPL$ PACIFI/ DEFIANCE--LIKE ! ,B>BADIAN ,WILLIAM ,L$DRA :O BECAME ONE ( ! F\R ,BO/ON ,M>TYRS :51 ONE YE> AFT] ,M>Y ,DY]1 HE WAS HANG$ 9 #affa BY ! ,MASSA*USETS AU?ORITIES = VIOLAT+ ! ,QUAK] 5TRY BAN4 ,?IS1 ,I BELIEVE1 IS :]E WE F9D ! ,QUAK] SPIRIT ( ! ,WE/ ,9DIES--& NOT UND]NEA? ! ,JOLLY ,ROG]4 ,AS F> AS ! 0FAD$ R$ COATS ( ! ,NEW ,MODEL ,>MY0 GO1 ,HILL REF]5CES ! #aifa BOOK ,BRE?R5 ( ! ,COA/3 ,BUCCANE]S ( ! ,S\? ,SEAS BY ,P4 ,K4 ,KEMP & ,*RI/OPH] ,LLOYD4 ,KEMP & ,LLOYD TWICE MAKE REF]5CES TO !SE COATS AS P>T ( ! ,MORGAN EXP$ITION TO ,PANAMA4 ,!Y DO NOT CITE A DIRECT S\RCE1 BUT IT CAN BE ASSUM$ ?AT ONE ( ! S\RCES !Y LI/ AT ! 5D ( !IR BOOK GAVE REASON TO ! REM>K4 ,9 ANY CASE1 :E!R ! COATS W]E WORN BY SOME BUCCANE]S OR NOT SEEMS POLITICALLY RA!R IRRELEVANT4 ,S9CE ! EXP$ITION S5T TO ! ,WE/ ,9DIES BY ,CROMWELL 9 #af$ M>KS AN IMPORTANT /EP 9 ! HI/ORY ( ,5GLI% SETLEM5T 9 ! ,WE/ ,9DIES1 IT %\LD NOT BE SURPRIS+ IF ,NEW ,MODEL ,>MY COATS F\ND !IR WAY ACROSS ! ,ATLANTIC AS WELL4 ,H[ MU* ?IS SAID AB\T ! POLITICAL CONSCI\SNESS ( ?OSE :O WORE !M--ESPECIALLY #ae YE>S LAT]--IS ANO!R QUE/ION ALTOGE!R4 ,MO/ IMPORTANTLY1 H[EV]1 ! POLITICAL LEGACY ( ! ,NEW ,MODEL ,>MY ITSELF REMA9S CONTROV]SIAL4 ,AL?\< RADICAL ELEM5TS1 ,LEVEL]S & O!RS1 C]TA9LY PLAY$ !IR P>T1 9 ,IAN ,G5TLES' P]SPECTIVE 0,CALV9I/IC PURITANISM0--& NOT 0LIB]T>IAN ANT9OMIANISM0--WAS ! DRIV+ =CE BEH9D & )9 ! >MY4.<#g#d#d.> ,OLIV] ,CROMWELL'S 0,SPEE* AT ! ,OP5+ ( ,P>LIAM5T #a#f#e#f0 W\LD CONFIRM ?IS4 ,CROMWELL US$ ! SPEE* TO CALL ! ,SPANI>D A 0NATURAL 5EMY0 & ! 0HEAD ( ! ,PAPAL 9T]E/0 7:I* HE EQUAT$ ) AN 0ANTI-,*RI/IAN 9T]E/07--SOMEONE 0Y\ C\LD NOT HAVE AN HONE/ NOR HONORABLE PEACE )10 & :O HAS 0AN 5MITY PUT 9TO HIM BY ,GOD0 ?AT /&S 0AGA9/ ALL ?AT IS ( ,GOD4449 Y\40.<#g#d#e.> ,NE$LESS TO SAY1 ! ,IRI%--TO NAME JU/ ! MO/ OBVI\S EXAMPLE--HAVE ALWAYS HAD A H>D TIME SWALL[+ ! RADICAL ROMANTICIZATION ( ! ,NEW ,MODEL ,>MY4 ,M5TION+ ! ,IRI% H9TS AT ANO!R ASPECT ?AT SEEMS PROBLEMATIC 9 ,HILL'S ACC\NT4 ,A L>GE P>T ( ! ,5GLI% EXP$ITION TO ! ,C>IBBEAN CONSI/$ ( ,IRI% & ,SCOTI% PRISON]S ( W> :O W]E US$ AS 9D5TUR$ LABOR]S4.<#g#d#f.> ,!Y MU/ HAVE CON/ITUT$ ! LIKELIE/ RECRUIT+ =CE = ! ,5GLI%-SPEAK+ BUCCANE]S & PIRATES4 ,H[EV]1 GIV5 BO? ! NATIONAL & RELIGI\S RIVALRIES ( ! REGION1 NOT TOO MANY ( !SE 9D5TUR$ LABOR]S F\ND A PLACE AMONG !M--OR WANT$ TO4 ,IF !Y MANAG$ TO ESCAPE !IR SITUATION1 !Y (T5 5D$ UP 9 ! S]VICE ( ! ,SPANI%4 ,SOME:AT IRONICALLY1 IT MU/ BE ASSUM$ ?AT \T ( ! 9D5TUR$ LABOR]S >RIV+ 9 ! ,C>IBBEAN AS P>T ( ! #a#f#e#d_/#e#e EXP$ITION1 ! MO/ REBELLI\S GR\PS MI ,HILL LI/S A FEW O!R DISPUTABLE 9DICATIONS = ! PUTATIVE PRES5CE ( POLITICALLY CONSCI\S =CES AMONG ! ,C>IBBEAN BUCCANE]S & PIRATES4.<#g#d#h.> ,ONE IS ! ALLEG$ PRES5CE ( 0!ORI/S AMONG PIRATES0 :I* HE F9DS 0SUGGE/$ BY ! FACT ?AT AT TRIAL !Y W]E D5I$ B5EFIT ( CL]GY40.<#g#d#i.> ,I IMAG9E !RE C\LD HAVE BE5 A NUMB] ( REASONS :Y CL]GY W\LD HAVE BE5 D5I$ TO PIRATES4 ,HILL FUR!R PO9TS TO ! FACT ?AT 0WE F9D444EXPRESSIONS ( SYMPA?Y = ,MONM\?'S REBELLION MADE BY ,WE/ ,9DIAN PIRATES & PRIVATE]S40.<#g#e.> ,EV5 IF ?IS W]E TRUE1 ! RADICAL IMPLICATIONS ( ! ,MONM\? ,REBELLION SEEM AS QUE/IONABLE AS ?OSE ( ! ,NEW ,MODEL ,>MY--UNLESS EA* & EV]Y ,PROTE/ANT & ANTI-,CA?OLIC REBELLION ( ! #a#g?-C5TURY WAS CONSID]$ 0RADICAL40 ,HILL ALSO (F]S AN EXPLANATION = ! ABS5CE ( ANY H>D EVID5CE SUGGE/+ ?AT ! RADICAL IDEAS ?AT SWEPT ,5GL& 9 ! MID-#a#f#eS DID 9DE$ TRAVEL TO ! ,C>IBBEAN3 0,! DEP5D5CE ( ! ,WE/ ,9DIAN ECONOMY ON SLAVES & SUBJECT$ ,9DIANS MU/ HAVE MADE !SE IDEAS H>D TO SU/A91 ESPECIALLY :5 PIRACY SEEM$ TO (F] ! ONLY MEANS ( LIVELIHOOD40.<#g#e#a.> ,?IS IS A CURI\S /ATEM5T = TWO REASONS4 ,FIR/1 ,HILL SEEMS TO SUGGE/ ?AT BY TURN+ PIRATE1 A RADICAL GAVE UP HIS IDEAS--?IS1 H[EV]1 W\LD UND]M9E HIS V]Y !SIS1 NAMELY ! 9FLU5CE ( !SE IDEAS ON PIRACY4 ,SECOND1 ) ALL DUE RESPECT TO ! DIFFICULTIES POS$ BY DIRE ECONOMIC CIRCUM/ANCES1 IT SEEMS D\BTFUL ?AT !Y EV] ]ADICATE SOLID POLITICAL IDEAS2 !Y MIE ALSO A FAIR NUMB] ( 9DICATIONS SUGGE/+ ?AT SU* A CONSCI\SNESS SIMPLY DID NOT EXI/ 7TO ! PO9T :]E IT MI?OLOMEW ,ROB]TS F\ AGA9/ ! WORLD0.<#g#e#b.> MORE ?AN ANY?+ ELSE74 ,! COMPLETE LACK ( POLITICAL DECL>ATIONS ON P>T ( ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES--& ! BUCCANE]S1 = ?AT MAT]--SEEMS 9DE$ /UNN+2 AT LEA/ IF IT IS FAIR TO ASSUME ?AT ANY SELF- CONSCI\SLY POLITICAL PIRATE W\LD HAVE1 AT LEA/ AT SOME PO9T1 FELT ! URGE TO %>E AN >TICULAT$ EXPLANATION ( HIS EXPLOITS ) ! WORLD4 ,?IS1 H[EV]1 APP>5TLY NEV] HAPP5$4 ,!RE SEEM TO BE NO RECORDS ( POLITICAL DECL>ATIONS AT PIRATE TRIALS ?AT GO BEYOND ! FA9T REF]5CES TO SOCIAL 9JU/ICE QUOT$ ABOVE4 ,! SAME GOES = !IR EXECUTIONS4 ,!RE IS NO PIRATE EQUIVAL5T TO1 SAY1 ,AUGU/ ,SPIES' DECL>ATION ON ! DAY ( ! ,HAYM>KET ,M>TYRS' DEA? ?AT 0! DAY WILL COME :5 \R SIL5CE WILL BE MORE P[]FUL ?AN ! VOICES Y\ /RANGLE TODAY40 ,CLOSE/ COME SOME REM>KS ( ! PIRATES HANG$ 9 ,NEW ,PROVID5CE 9 #agah UND] ! EYES ( MANY ( !IR =M] COMPANIONS4 ,D5NIS ,MAC>TY RECALL$ 0! TIME :5 !RE W]E MANY BRAVE FELL[S ON ! ISL& :O W\LD NOT HAVE SUFF]$ HIM TO DIE LIKE A DOG10.<#g#e#c.> &1 ACCORD+ TO ,PHILIP ,GOSSE1 ,HUMPHREY ,MORRICE ACCUS$ ! RE=M$ PIRATE ONLOOK]S ( 0'PUSILLANIMITY & C[>DICE' BECAUSE !Y DID NOT RES- CUE HIM & HIS FELL[-SUFF]]S40.<#g#e#d.> ,H[EV]1 AS MU* AS !SE S5TIM5TS EXPRESS DISAPPO9TM5T AT ! LACK ( 0BRO!RLY LOYALTY10 !Y DO NOT 9DICATE ANY P>TICUL> POLITICAL IDEALS ONE WAY OR ANO!R4 ,C]TA9LY NO ONE 9 ! CR[D DEMON/RAT$ REBELLI\S POLITICAL CONSCI\SNESS4 ,?IS SEEMS TELL+ = ! OV]ALL POLITICAL CONSCI\SNESS ( ! PIRATE COMMUNITY 9S(> AS ! SEV]AL HUNDR$S ( PIRATES :O HAD ACCEPT$ ! ,K+'S P>DON & ,WOODES ,ROG]S' GOV]NOR%IP CON/ITUT$ >\ND HALF ( ! PIRATES FREQU5T+ ,NEW ,PROVID5CE AT ! TIME ( ,ROG]S' >RIVAL4.<#g#e#e.> ,?IS W\LD 9DE$ 9DICATE ?AT VA/ P>TS ( ! PIRATE COMMUNITY DID NOT SEE !MSELVES AS P>T ( A REVOLUTION>Y VANGU>D1 BUT HAD TAK5 TO PIRACY AS A MAT] ( CIRCUM/ANCE OR BECAUSE !Y HAD FALL5 9 ) A CR[D TO :I* !Y DID NOT REALLY WANT TO BELONG4 ,( C\RSE1 HALF ( ! ,NEW ,PROVID5CE PIRATES HAD REFUS$ TO GIVE UP !IR PIRAT+ WAYS1 BUT DID !Y DO SO = SELF-CONSCI\S POLITICAL REASONS8 ,AL?\< !Y C]TA9LY W]E 0?OSE R5EGADES :O POSSESS$ ! GREATE/ PUGNACITY10.<#g#e#f.> !Y W]E PROBABLY MORE CONC]N$ AB\T !IR P]SONAL FRE$OM 7A V]Y POLITICAL MOTIVATION 9 A C]TA9 WAY--NOT 9 ANO!R7 ?AN 9 SAV+ MANK9D4 ,SOME1 9 FACT1 MIDON4 ,IT WAS KN[N ?AT ! AU?ORITIES W\LD (T5 5\<1 USUALLY BY MEANS ( /RICTLY LEGALI/IC 9T]PRETATIONS ( ! T]MS1 P]SECUTE !M NONE!LESS4.<#g#e#g.> ,! ONLY POLITICAL DECL>ATIONS ?AT REA* US FROM !IR RANKS APPE> NEI!R AN>*I/IC NOR REVOLUTION>Y1 BUT CONC]N A QU>REL BETWE5 ROYALS4 ,SOME GOLD5 AGE PIRATE CREWS GAVE !IR %IPS ,JACOBITE NAMES--0,K+ ,JAMES1 ,ROYAL ,JAMES OR ,QUE5 ,ANNE'S ,REV5GE0.<#g#e#h.>--9 HONOR & SUPPORT ( ! DEPOS$ ,H\SE ( ,/U>T4.<#g#e#i.> ,AP>T FROM ! DEBATE AB\T A POLITICAL PIRATE CONSCI\SNESS1 !RE IS AN 9T]E/+ DISCUSSION AB\T :E!R PIRATES W]E P>T ( AN UND]PRIVILEG$1 PROLET>IAN CLASS4 ,IT IS ONCE AGA9 ,M>CUS ,R$IK] :O 5DORSES SU* A NOTION MO/ PROM95TLY4 ,NOT ONLY DOES HE CALL ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES 0PROLET>IAN \TLAWS0.<#g#f.> & 9T]PRETS !IR 0SELF-RULE & SOCIAL ORD]0 AS P>T ( A 0VOLATILE1 S]P5T9E TRADITION ( OPPOSITION444)9 BO? M>ITIME & WORK+-CLASS CULTURE10.<#g#f#a.> BUT HE EV5 SUGGE/S ?AT PIRATES W]E 5GAG$ 9 AN 0UNDECL>$ CLASS W>10.<#g#f#b.> & W]E 9DE$ 0CLASS-CONSCI\S40.<#g#f#c.> ,!SE SUGGE/IONS HAVE BE5 PICK$ UP 5?USIA/ICALLY BY SOME RADICALS4 ,! AU?ORS ( 0,PIRATE ,UTOPIAS10 = EXAMPLE1 SUGGE/ ?AT 0PIRACY WAS ONE /RATEGY 9 AN E>LY CYCLE ( ,ATLANTIC CLASS /RUGGLE0 & ?AT 0PIRATES W]E P]HAPS ! MO/ 9T]NATIONAL & MILITANT SECTION ( ! PROTO-PROLET>IAT CON/ITUT$ BY #a#g? & #a#h? C5TURY SAILORS40.<#g#f#d.> ,H[ USEFUL >E SU* DESCRIPTIONS8 ,)9 ,M>XI/ !ORY1 CLASS IS SURPRIS+LY ONE ( ! CONCEPTS ?AT HAVE NEV] BE5 0SY/EMATICALLY DEF9$ & ELABORAT$40.<#g#f#e.> ,9 MO/ 9T]PRETATIONS1 H[EV]1 !Y SEEM AT LEA/ 9 SOME WAY CONNECT$ TO PEOPLE'S /ATUS )9 ! PROCESS ( ECONOMIC PRODUCTION4 ,)9 ?IS LOGIC1 PIRATES--NOT BE+ P>T ( ANY SU* PROCESS--W\LD RA!R CON/ITUTE A NON-CLASS4.<#g#f#f.> ,YES1 !IR EXPLOITS MI & !IR SOCIAL ORD] MI BUT NOT BECAUSE !Y ASSUM$ ! WORK+ CLASS' REVOLUTION>Y AG5DA--RA!R BECAUSE !Y REJECT$ CLASS SOCIETY ALTOGE!R4 ,9 ?IS LIGUM5T 0OV]DET]M9$40.<#g#f#i.> ,! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES--AS A PEOPLE ) NO RECORD$ HI/ORY--SEEM ONCE AGA9 CLOS] TO SO-CALL$ PRIMITIVE COMMUNITIES ?AN TO ! ,EURO-,AM]ICAN PROLET>IAT3 0,IT IS SAID ?AT ! HI/ORY ( PEOPLES :O HAVE A HI/ORY IS ! HI/ORY ( CLASS /RUGGLE4 ,IT MI ,P]HAPS !RE WAS NEI!R AN>*I/ NOR REVOLUTION>Y CONSCI\SNESS AMONG ! PIRATES ( ! GOLD5 AGE--BUT !Y C]TA9LY C>RI$ AN>*I/ & REVOLUTION>Y MOM5TUM4 #d4#g4 ,PIRATES AS ,SOCIAL ,B&ITS3 ,HOMAGE TO ,E4 ,J4 ,HOBSBAWM ,GOLD5 AGE PIRACY AS A =M ( SOCIAL RESI/ANCE.<#g#g#a.> MIY AB\T !M AT ALL1 ANALYZ+ !M AS SOCIAL B&ITS MIY IMPLICATIONS ( !IR ACTIONS4 ,MANY AU?ORS HAVE COMM5T$ ON ! />TL+ P>ALLELS BETWE5 GOLD5 AGE PIRATES & ! B&IT COMMUNITIES ANALYZ$ BY ,HOBSBAWM4.<#g#g#b.> ,MO/ ( !SE COMM5TS HAVE BE5 9 PASS+4 ,?IS MITLY BE DUE TO AN OBVI\S DIFFICULTY ?AT NE$S TO BE OV]COME 9 ORD] TO RELATE ,HOBSBAWM'S ANALYSIS TO GOLD5 AGE PIRACY 9 MORE DETAIL4 ,AFT] ALL1 ,HOBSBAWM ANALYZES SOCIAL B&ITRY AS A PEASANT PH5OM5ON4 ,OBVI\SLY1 GOLD5 AGE PIRATES W]E NO PEASANTS4 ,/ILL1 WE CAN CONCUR ) ,K5NE? ,J4 ,K9KOR1 :O WRITES ?AT GOLD5 AGE PIRACY WAS 0'SOCIAL B&ITRY' C>RI$ \T 9 A M>ITIME CONTEXT40.<#g#g#c.> ,?IS IS E*O$ BY ,M>CUS ,R$IK]'S OBS]VATION ?AT 0PIRATES1 ( C\RSE1 W]E NOT PEASANTS1 BUT !Y FIT ,HOBSBAWM'S =MULATION 9 EV]Y O!R RESPECT40.<#g#g#d.> ,! ,FRAMEWORK ,9 HIS HI /UDY1 ,B&ITS1 ,]IC ,HOBSBAWM EXPLA9S ?AT 09 ?IS BOOK WE %ALL BE DEAL+ ONLY ) SOME K9DS ( ROBB]S1 NAMELY ?OSE :O >E NOT REG>D$ AS SIMPLE CRIM9ALS BY PUBLIC OP9ION40.<#g#g#e.> ,?IS C]TA9LY FITS ! P]CEPTION ( GOLD5 AGE PIRATES4 ,$W>D ,LUCIE-,SMI? IS JU/ ONE :O RAISES QUE/IONS LIKE ! FOLL[+3 0,GRANT$ ?AT PIRACY IS REALLY NO MORE ?AN ROBB]Y AT SEA1 H[ DID ! CRIME COME TO ACQUIRE ! AURA ( S9I/] GLAM\R ?AT /ILL CL+S TO IT1 AN AURA :I* SETS ! PIRATE AP>T FROM O!R & MORE COMMONPLACE MALEFACTORS80.<#g#g#f.> ,9 ITS SIMPLICITY1 ,PHILIP ,GOSSE'S ANSW] MIT ( ! EXPLANATION3 0,PIRACY MAY BE A BLOT ON CIVILIZATION & ITS PRACTITION]S CRIM9ALS :OM IT IS A DUTY TO EXTIRPATE4 ,YET !RE WILL ALWAYS BE A SYMPA!TIC RESPONSE 9 ! HUMAN HE>T TO ! APPEAL ( ! ADV5TUR] :O D>ES GO TO F> & DANG]\S PLACES & 9 DEFIANCE ( ALL ORGANIZ$ RESPECTABILITY TAKE HIS C\RAGE 9 BO? H&S TO C>VE \T HIS =TUNE40.<#g#g#g.> ,! 0SYMPA!TIC RESPONSE0 ?AT ,GOSSE EVOKES ALSO EXPLA9S :Y HE W\LD F9D A SIGNIFICANT DIFF]5CE BETWE5 ! PIRATES ( ! GOLD5 AGE & ?OSE ( O!R ]AS4 ,HE CALLS1 = EXAMPLE1 ! PIRATES ( ! #a#i? C5TURY 7:O W]E1 AS SOME HI/ORIANS SUGGE/1 MORE NUM]\S & SUCCESSFUL ?AN ?OSE ( ! GOLD5 AGE.<#g#g#h.>7 WORSE ?AN ANY444 ?AT EXI/$ BE=E4 ,! E>LI] PIRATES1 ) ALL !IR BLACK FAULTS & !IR CRUELTY1 W]E NOT )\T SOME TRACE ( HUMANITY1 & ON OCCASION C\LD FIDS )\T A S+LE R$EEM+ FEATURE4 ,=M$ FROM ! SCUM ( ! REBEL NAVIES ( ! REVOLT$ ,SPANI% COLONIES & ! RIFF-RAFF ( ! ,WE/ ,9DIES1 !Y W]E A SET ( BLOOD?IR/Y SAVAGES1 :O NEV] D>$ ATACK ANY BUT ! WEAK1 & HAD NO MORE REG>D = 9NOC5T LIVES ?AN A BUT*] HAS = HIS VICTIMS4 ,! RESULT IS A MONOTON\S LI/ ( SLAUCELY ONE EV5T OR A S+LE *>ACT] /&S \T TO /RIKE A SP>K FROM ! IMAG9ATION4.<#g#g#i.> ,9 A V]Y SIMIL> VE91 ,PET] ,LAMBORN ,WILSON W\LD WRITE MANY DECADES LAT] ?AT 0SEA-GO+ MUGG]S :O PREY ON ! POOR1 & MURD] !M AS WELL1 W\LD SEEM TO HAVE =FEIT$ ALL CLAIM TO CONSID]ATION AS SOCIAL B&ITS OR EV5 'REAL PIRATES4'0.<#g#h.> ,!RE >E CLE> 9DICATIONS ?AT ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES W]E1 9 ! EYES ( MANY1 0SOCIAL B&ITS .<:O.> >E CONSID]$ BY !IR PEOPLE AS H]OES1 AS *AMPIONS1 AV5G]S1 FI ,!RE REMA9S ! QUE/ION1 ( C\RSE1 :O ! PIRATES' PEOPLE W]E4 ,EV5 ?\< ! PIRATES 0HAD SPIES & SYMPA?IZ]S ?R\<\T ! ,WE/ ,9DIES10.<#g#h#b.> & 0NOT A FEW444( ?OSE ON %ORE :O RECEIV$ !IR GOODS444 AID$ !M10.<#g#h#c.> !SE FOLKS DID NOT CON/ITUTE ! TIALLELS BETWE5 ,HOBSBAWM'S DEF9ITION ( SOCIAL B&ITRY & GOLD5 AGE PIRACY 9 ,HOBSBAWM'S [N WORDS3 ,IT IS A COMMONPLACE ?AT BRIG&S FL\RI% 9 REMOTE & 9ACCESSIBLE >EAS SU* AS M\NTA9S1 TRACKLESS PLA9S1 F5L&1 =E/ OR E/U>IES ) !IR LABYR9? ( CREEKS & WAT]WAYS1 & >E ATRACT$ BY TRADE-R\TES & MAJOR HI ,SOCIALLY IT SEEMS TO OCCUR 9 ALL TYPES ( HUMAN SOCIETY :I* LIE BETWE5 ! EVOLUTION>Y PHASE ( TRIBAL & K9%IP ORGANIZATION1 & MOD]N CAPITALI/ & 9DU/RIAL SOCIETY444 .<#g#h#e.> ,B&ITRY T5D$ TO BECOME EPIDEMIC 9 TIMES ( PAUP]IZATION & ECONOMIC CRISIS4.<#g#h#f.> ,! ROBB] B& IS \TSIDE ! SOCIAL ORD] :I* FET]S ! POOR1 A BRO!RHOOD ( ! FREE1 NOT A COMMUNITY ( ! SUBJECT4 ,NEV]!LESS1 IT CANNOT OPT \T ( SOCIETY4 ,ITS NE$S & ACTIVITIES1 ITS V]Y EXI/5CE1 BR+ IT 9TO RELATIONS ) ! ORD9>Y ECONOMIC SOCIAL & POLITICAL SY/EM4.<#g#h#g.> ,ALL ?IS MEANS ?AT B&ITS NE$ MIDDLEM51 :O L9K !M NOT ONLY TO ! RE/ ( ! LOCAL ECONOMY BUT TO ! L>G] NETWORKS ( COMM]CE4.<#g#h#h.> ,IF !Y HAD ANY MODEL ( SOCIAL ORGANIZATION1 IT WAS ! MALE BRO?- ]HOOD OR SOCIETY4.<#g#h#i.> 7,?IS QUOTE REF]S TO ! HAIDUKS ( ! ,BALKANS1 A PRIME EXAMPLE ( ! B&ITS ANALYZ$ BY ,HOBSBAWM4 ,HOBSBAWM ADDS--9 LIY ,READ & ,ANNE ,BONNY /ORY--AN 9T]E/+ EXPLANATION ) RESPECT TO ! WOM5 :O HAD JO9$ ! HAIDUK3 0IT SEEMS ?AT = ! TIME ( !IR HAIDUK LIFE1 !SE RUNAWAY GIRLS W]E M540.<#g#i.> ,B&ITRY IS FRE$OM444 .<#g#i#a.> ,!RE >E MANY O!R & MORE SPECIFIC ASPECTS 9 ,HOBSBAWM'S ANALYSIS ?AT REVEAL SIMIL> P>ALLELS4 ,HOBSBAWM1 = EXAMPLE1 PLACES C]TA9 B&ITS 0ON ! TURBUL5T FRONTI] BETWE5 /ATE & S]FDOM ON ! ONE H&1 ! OP5 SPACES & FRE$OM ON ! O!R10.<#g#i#b.> & SEES !M MOV+ 9 0OP5 SPACES444:]E LORD%IPS1 S]FDOM & GOV]NM5T HAD NOT YET >RIV$40.<#g#i#c.> ,IT IS NOTABLE :O MAKES UP AN IMPORTANT P>T ( ! B&ITS' RANKS3 0ESCAP$ S]FS1 RU9$ FREEM51 RUNAWAYS FROM /ATE OR SEIGNORIAL FACTORIES1 FROM JAIL1 SEM9>Y1 >MY OR NAVY1 M5 ) NO DET]M9$ PLACE 9 SOCIETY444 AMONG SU* M>G9ALS1 SOLDI]S1 DES]T]S & EX-S]VICEM5 PLAY$ A SIGNIFICANT P>T40.<#g#i#d.> ,AS ?OSE :O >E 09 SOME WAYS ! MO/ IMPORTANT CATEGORY ( POT5TIAL B&ITS10 ,HOBSBAWM NAMES M5 :O >E UNWILL+ TO ACCEPT ! MEEK & PASSIVE SOCIAL ROLE ( ! SUBJECT444 ! /IFFNECK$ & RECALCITRANT1 ! 9DIVIDUAL REBELS444 ! 'M5 :O MAKE !MSELVES RESPECT$'444,!SE >E ! M5 :O1 :5 FAC$ ) SOME ACT ( 9JU/ICE OR P]SECUTION1 DO NOT YIELD MEEKLY TO =CE OR SOCIAL SUP]IORITY1 BUT TAKE ! PA? ( RESI/ANCE & \TLAWRY4444,!Y MAY BE ! T\RY+ ( >MS1 /ICKS OR CLUBS1 EV5 :5 PEASANTS >E NOT SUPPOS$ TO GO >M$1 BY ! CASUAL & RAKI% CO/UME & MANN] & CO/UME :I* SYMBOLIZES T\ ,F9ALLY1 ,HOBSBAWM DESCRIBES A G5]AL SOCIO-POLITICAL PAT]N ?AT CAN BE APPLI$ WORD = WORD TO ! HI/ORY ( GOLD5 AGE PIRACY3 ,:]E ! /ATE IS REMOTE1 9EFFECTIVE & WEAK1 IT WILL 9DE$ BE TEMPT$ TO COME TO T]MS ) ANY LOCAL P[]-GR\P IT CANNOT DEFEAT4 ,IF ROBB]S >E SUCCESSFUL 5\<1 !Y HAVE TO BE CONCILIAT$ JU/ LIKE ANY O!R C5T] ( >M$ =CE4 ,EV]Y P]SON :O LIVES 9 TIMES :5 B&ITRY HAS GOT \T ( H& KN[S ?AT LOCAL (FICIALS HAVE TO E/ABLI% A WORK+ RELATION%IP ) ROBB] *IEFS444,! ONLY DIFFICULTY IS ?AT ! CLOS] A B&IT COMES TO ! PEOPLE'S IDEAL ( A 'NOBLE ROBB]1' I4E4 TO BE+ ! SOCIALLY CONSCI\S *AMPION ( ! RIMS TO HIM4 ,!Y >E MU* MORE APT TO TREAT HIM AS A SOCIAL REVOLUTION>Y & HUNT HIM D[N4 ,?IS %\LD NORMALLY TAKE !M NOT MORE ?AN TWO OR ?REE YE>S1 ! AV]AGE SPAN ( A ,ROB9 ,HOOD'S C>E]444.<#g#i#f.> ,?REE TYPES ( B&ITS ,HOBSBAWM DEF9ES ?REE MA9 TYPES ( B&ITS3 0! NOBLE ROBB] OR ,ROB9 ,HOOD1 ! PRIMITIVE RESI/ANCE FI ,GOLD5 AGE PIRATES REPRES5T$ ALL ?REE4 ,ROB9 ,HOOD ,WE HAVE ALREADY SE5 ?AT MEMB]S ( AT LEA/ ONE GOLD5 AGE PIRATE CREW CALL$ !MSELVES ,ROB9 ,HOODS M54.<#g#i#h.> ,ACCORD+ TO ,M>CUS ,R$IK]1 ,H5RY ,EV]Y WAS REF]R$ TO AS A 0M>ITIME ,ROB9 ,HOOD40.<#g#i#i.> ,9 ,HOBSBAWM'S DEF9ITION1 ! ,ROB9 ,HOOD B&IT 0DOES NOT SEEK TO E/ABLI% A SOCIETY ( FRE$OM & EQUALITY40.<#h.> ,HIS ROLE IS RA!R 0?AT ( ! *AMPION1 ! RI ,?IS SEEMS REFLECT$ BO? 9 :AT IS KN[N AB\T ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES' REAL-LIFE ACTIVITIES & 9 !IR MY?ICAL REPUTATION3 !Y W]E NOT \T TO CREATE ANY P>TICUL> K9D ( SOCIETY = ALL1 !Y W]E \T TO LIVE 9DEP5D5TLY1 TAKE A /&1 & BR+ JU/ICE TO !IR 5EMIES4 ,IT IS 9 ?IS S5SE ?AT ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATE IS1 9 ,$W>D ,LUCIE- ,SMI?'S WORDS1 0A SYMBOL ( EQUALITY1 A LEVEL]40.<#h#b.> ,GU]RILLA ,HOBSBAWM /ATES ?AT 0GU]RILLA MOVEM5TS444 >E OBLIG$ TO FOLL[ SUB/ANTIALLY SIMIL> TACTICS AS SOCIAL B&ITS40.<#h#c.> ,HE USES ! EXAMPLE ( ! ,BALKAN HAIDUKS--IMPOV]I%$ PEASANTS :O =M$ MILITIA UNITS BO? TO FI HE W\LD1 AT ! SAME TIME1 0NOT AUTOMATICALLY . COMMIT$ TO REBELLION AGA9/ ALL AU?ORITY40 ,! HAIDUKS C\LD ACCEPT--& EV5 MAKE >RANGEM5TS )--AU?ORITY AS LONG AS ?IS DID NOT 9T]F]E ) !IR P]SONAL FRE$OM4 ,9 ,HOBSBAWM'S WORDS3 0,!Y C\LD1 AS 9 SOME P>TS ( ,HUNG>Y1 BECOME ATA*$ TO LORDS :OM !Y PROVID$ ) FI ,! SAME IS TRUE = BO? ! ,C>IBBEAN BUCCANE]S 7CLE>LY7 & ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES 7:O DEALT ) MANY CORRUPT (FICIALS74 ,CONC]N+ !IR SOCIAL ORGANIZATION1 ! HAIDUKS %>$ ! BUCCANE]S' & PIRATES' EGALIT>IAN S5SITIVITIES3 0,FRE$OM IMPLI$ EQUALITY AMONG HAIDUKS & !RE >E SOME IMPRESSIVE EXAMPLES ( IT4 ,= 9/ANCE1 :5 ! ,K+ ( ,\DH TRI$ TO =M A REGIM5T ( ,BADHAKS1 MU* AS ! ,RUSSIAN & ,AU/RIAN EMP]ORS =M$ HAIDUK & COSSACK UNITS1 !Y MUT9I$ BECAUSE ! (FIC]S HAD REFUS$ TO P]=M ! SAME DUTIES AS ! M540.<#h#f.> ,AN IMPORTANT P>ALLEL LIES ALSO 9 ,HOBSBAWM'S JUDGM5T ?AT ! HAIDUKS1 9 !IR GU]RILLA-LIKE ORGANIZATION & OP]ATIONS1 CON/ITUT$ A K9D ( 0P]MAN5T & =MALIZ$ B&ITRY0 & W]E 0!RE=E AUTOMATICALLY444POT5TIALLY MORE 'POLITICAL'0.<#h#g.> ?AN ! NOBLE ROBB]4 ,9 O!R WORDS3 0,HAIDUK B&ITRY WAS !RE=E 9 EV]Y RESPECT A MORE S]I\S1 A MORE AMBITI\S1 P]MAN5T & 9/ITUTIONALIZ$ *ALL5GE TO (FICIAL AU?ORITY ?AN ! SCAT]+ ( ,ROB9 ,HOODS40.<#h#h.> ,HOBSBAWM CALLS HAIDUK B&ITRY 0! HI ,AV5G] ,HOBSBAWM 9TRODUCES HIS ?IRD SOCIAL B&IT TYPE ) ! FOLL[+ OBS]VATION3 ,IT IS AT FIR/ SIT ( !IR PUBLIC IMAGE4 ,!Y >E H]OES NOT 9 SPITE ( ! FE> & HORROR !IR ACTIONS 9SPIRE1 BUT 9 SOME WAYS BECAUSE ( !M4 ,!Y >E NOT SO MU* M5 :O RI ,IF WE AGREE ) ! FOLL[+ ASS]TION ( ,M>CUS ,R$IK]1 !N GOLD5 AGE PIRATES FIT ?IS PICTURE WELL3 0,9 TRU?1 PIRATES W]E T]RORI/S ( A SORT4 ,& YET WE DO NOT ?9K ( !M ?IS WAY4 ,!Y HAVE BECOME1 OV] ! YE>S1 CUL- TURAL H]OES1 P]HAPS ANTIH]OES1 & AT ! V]Y LEA/ ROMANTIC & P[]FUL FIGURES 9 AN ,AM]ICAN & 9CREAS+LY GLOBAL POPUL> CULTURE4 ,TEIRS WAS A T]ROR ( ! WEAK AGA9/ ! /RONG40.<#h#a#a.> ,*RI/OPH] ,HILL1 9T5TIONALLY OR NOT1 USES ,HOBSBAWM'S EXACT WORDS :5 HE SAYS ?AT 0SOME PIRATES MU/ HAVE SE5 !MSELVES AS EGALIT>IAN AV5G]S40.<#h#a#b.> ,HOBSBAWM EXPLA9S ?IS BY /AT+ ?AT 0KILL+ & TORTURE IS ! MO/ PRIMITIVE & P]SONAL ASS]TION ( ULTIMATE P[]40.<#h#a#c.> ,?IS IS /RONGLY CONNECT$ TO ! FACT ?AT 0CRUELTY IS 9SEP>ABLE FROM V5GEANCE1 & V5GEANCE IS AN 5TIRELY LEGITIMATE ACTIVITY = ! NOBLE/ ( B&ITS40.<#h#a#d.> ,V5GEANCE1 9 TURN1 LIES AT ! HE>T ( ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES' CONCEPT ( JU/ICE1 & WILL BE EXAM9$ 9 A LAT] SECTION ( ?IS *APT]4 ,H[ IS IT POSSIBLE TO GET >\ND ! MA9 PROBLEM 9 APPLY+ ,HOBSBAWM'S ANALYSIS TO GOLD5 AGE PIRACY1 NAMELY ?AT ,HOBSBAWM SEES HIS B&ITS ROOT$ 9 PEASANT SOCIETY8 ,IT CANNOT SUFFICE TO SIMPLY WID5 ! PEASANT ID5TITY OR TO REPLACE ! PEASANT COMMUNITY ) ANO!R4 ,BESIDES1 !RE IS NO COMMUNITY 9 CONNECTION ) ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES ?AT C\LD S]VE AS A SUB/ITUTE4 ,TE GOLD5 AGE PIRATES DO NOT REPRES5T ANY P>TICUL> COMMUNITY--!Y >E \TCA/S1 SEP>AT$ FROM ALL SOCIETY1 W>R+ AGA9/ ALL ! WORLD4 ,OR >E !Y8 ,OBVI\SLY1 MANY FOLKS ?R\<\T ! C5TURIES HAVE NOT SE5 !M AS !IR 5EMIES1 BUT RA!R AS SYMBOLS ) :I* TO ID5TIFY4 ,SYMBOLS ?AT ALL APPE> 9 CONNECTION ) ,HOBSBAWM'S SOCIAL B&ITS3 FEE M51 /RONG M51 NOBLE M51 LEVEL]S1 AV5G]S1 REBELS4 ,9 FACT1 ?IS IS POSSIBLY TRU] = GOLD5 AGE PIRATES ?AN = ANY O!R GR\P ( \TCA/S :O HAVE *ALL5G$ ! RULES ( LAW & ORD]4 ,IT MI*ETYPICAL B&IT1 A SOCIAL OR PRIMITIVE REBEL 7TO USE O!R T]MS EMPLOY$ BY ,HOBSBAWM7 :O ALMO/ ALL ( US1 9 SOME WAY1 CAN RELATE TO & F9D SYMPA?Y )4 ,HOBSBAWM HIMSELF SAYS ?AT 0! B&IT IS NOT ONLY A MAN1 BUT A SYMBOL40.<#h#a#e.> ,MAYBE WE ALL >E ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES' PEOPLE4 ,HOBSBAWM WRITES ?AT 0! C\NTRY :I* HAS GIV5 ! WORLD ,ROB9 ,HOOD1 ! 9T]NATIONAL P>ADIGM ( SOCIAL B&ITRY1 HAS NO ACTUAL RECORD ( SOCIAL B&ITS AFT]1 SAY1 ! E>LY SEV5TE5? C5TURY40.<#h#a#f.> ,IS ?IS IS BECAUSE ! BUCCANE]S & PIRATES TOOK OV] ?AT ROLE8 ,HOBSBAWM HIMSELF CONC$ES ?AT A %IF AWAY FROM ! CLOSE CONNECTION ( ! SOCIAL B&IT TO PEASANT COMMUNITIES MI ,YET AMONG ! POPULATION A PSY*OLOGICAL NE$ = IMAGES ( SOCIAL B&ITS REMA9$4 ,DID ?IS MEAN AN EV] /RONG] %IF ( ! SOCIAL B&IT TO HIS SYMBOLIC SIDE8 ,HOBSBAWM COMP>ES ! SOCIAL B&ITS ( ! PEASANTRY TO :AT HE CALLS 0! CRIM9AL UND]WORLD ( URBAN OR VAGRANT ELEM5TS03.<#h#a#h.> ,CRIM9AL B&S ?US LACK$ ! LOCAL ROOTS ( SOCIAL B&ITS1 BUT AT ! SAME TIME !Y W]E NOT CONF9$ BY ! LIMITS ( ! T]RITORY BEYOND :I* SOCIAL B&ITS C\LD R>ELY V5TURE 9 SAFETY4 ,!Y =M$ P>T ( L>GE1 IF LOOSE NETWORKS ( AN UND]WORLD :I* MI$ & HAT$ !M4 ,= VAGRANTS1 NOMADS1 CRIM9ALS & !IR LIKE1 ! K9D ( >EA )9 :I* MO/ SOCIAL B&ITS LIV$ \T !IR LIVES1 WAS M]ELY A LOCATION = SO MANY M>KETS OR FAIRS A YE>1 A PLACE = OCCASIONAL RAIDS1 OR AT MO/ 7= 9/ANCE IF /RATEGICALLY PLAC$ NE> SEV]AL FRONTI]S7 A SUITABLE HEADQU>T]S = WID] OP]ATIONS4 ,NEV]!LESS1 CRIM9AL ROBB]S CANNOT BE SIMPLY EXCLUD$ FROM ! /UDY ( SOCIAL B&ITRY4 ,9 ! FIR/ PLACE1 :]E = ONE REASON OR ANO!R SOCIAL B&ITRY DID NOT FL\RI% OR HAD DI$ \T1 SUITABLE CRIM9AL ROBB]S MI ,IF WE FOLL[ ?IS ANALYSIS1 GOLD5 AGE PIRATES MIBIE1 ,SPID]MAN1 ! ,EA/] ,BUNNY444 ,:AT IS ! POLITICAL SIGNIFICANCE ( ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATE AS A 7SYMBOLIC7 SOCIAL B&IT8 ,IS !RE ANY8 ,HOBSBAWM HAS BE5 TAK5 TO TASK BY MANY RADICALS = HIS ASSUMPTIONS ?AT 0SOCIAL B&ITRY HAS NEXT TO NO ORGANIZATION OR IDEOLOGY10 IS 0TOTALLY 9ADAPTABLE TO MOD]N SOCIAL MOVEM5TS10 PROVES 09EFFECTIVE0 7EV5 9 0ITS MO/ HIF>E071.<#h#b.> & REMA9S 0A MODE/ & UNREVOLUTION>Y PROTE/40.<#h#b#a.> ,! CRITICS HAVE PO9T$ \T--PROBABLY RIE BAS$ ON ,HOBSBAWM'S [N IDEOLOGICAL BIASES :I* VE] T[>DS MORE OR?ODOX 7SOME W\LD SAY 0AU?ORIT>IAN07 /RA9S ( ! LEFT4 ,AS F> AS ,HOBSBAWM'S POLITICAL ANALYSIS ( SOCIAL B&ITRY 7)\T ! IDEOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS7 IS RELAT$ TO GOLD5 AGE PIRACY1 ?\<1 HIS COMM5TS SEEM CONV9C+4 ,GOLD5 AGE PIRACY HAD 0NEXT TO NO ORGANIZATION OR IDEOLOGY10 CAN H>DLY BE DESCRIB$ AS A 0SOCIAL MOVEM5T10 &--9 ! S5SE ( E/ABLI%+ LONG-LA/+ ALT]NATIVE SOCIAL ORD]S--WAS 09EFFECTIVE40 ,AS ) ! HAIDUKS1 IT CAN PROBABLY ALSO BE SAID ( ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES ?AT 0CLASS- CONSCI\SNESS WAS NOT NORMALLY ! MOTIVE :I* DROVE .40.<#h#b#b.> ,H[EV]1 SOME MI ,! LACK ( IDEOLOGY1 ORGANIZATION1 & CLASS-CONSCI\SNESS CAN C]TA9LY BE SE5 AS REFRE%+1 EV5 LIB]AT+4 ,AS F> AS SOCIAL MOVEM5TS GO-->5'T !Y K9D ( BOR+8 ,& EFFECTIV5ESS8 ,ISN'T A ,TEMPOR>Y ,AUTONOM\S ,ZONE 9 =M ( A PIRATE UTOPIA MU* MORE EFFECTIVE ?AN T$I\S P>TY POLITICS8 ,MAYBE ! 0M5TALITY ( ROV+ 9SURG5TS0 ?AT 5T]$ ! ,R$ ,>MY DUE TO ,MAO'S 9CLUSION ( 0\TLAWS0 & 0DECLASS$ ELEM5TS0 %\LD HAVE NEV] BE5 0REM$I$ . 9T5SIFI$ $UCATION08.<#h#b#d.> ,MAYBE ! :OLE PO9T ( BE+ REVOLUTION>Y IS TO 0PROVE ?AT JU/ICE IS POSSIBLE1 ?AT POOR M5 NE$ NOT BE HUMBLE1 HELPLESS & MEEK10 S9CE NO ONE WILL EV] COMPLETELY 0ABOLI% OPPRESSION08.<#h#b#e.> ,MAYBE IT IS BET] TO BE 0ACTIVI/S & NOT IDEOLOGI/S OR PROPHETS1 FROM :OM NOVEL VISIONS OR PLANS ( SOCIAL & POLITICAL ORGANIZATION >E TO BE EXPECT$08.<#h#b#f.> ,IT %\LD BE POSSIBLE TO F9D ANSW]S TO !SE QUE/IONS ?AT LIE SOME:]E BETWE5 A YES & A NO4 ,ON ! ONE H&1 SOME ( ,HOBSBAWM'S JUDGM5TS CAN EASILY BE P]CEIV$ AS TOO /RONG4 ,= EXAMPLE3 0,:AT P>T1 IF ANY1 DO B&ITS PLAY 9444 TRANS=MATIONS ( SOCIETY8 ,AS 9DIVIDUALS1 !Y >E NOT SO MU* POLITICAL OR SOCIAL REBELS1 LET ALONE REVOLUTION>IES444,5 MASSE1 !Y >E LITLE MORE ?AN SYMPTOMS ( CRISIS & T5SION 9 !IR SOCIETY--( FAM9E1 PE/IL5CE1 W> OR ANY?+ ELSE ?AT DISRUPTS IT40.<#h#b#g.> ,R$UC+ PEOPLE :O REFUSE TO OBEY ! POLITICAL &_/OR CL]ICAL AU?ORITIES & :O P>TAKE 9 ! CREATION ( ALT]NATIVE SOCIAL ORD]S BY VIRTUE ( /EPP+ \TSIDE ! DOM9ANT SOCIAL ORD]S TO 0SYMPTOMS0 ( SOCIAL DEVELOPM5TS & CATEGORICALLY D5Y+ !M ANY REVOLUTION>Y ID5TITY SEEMS DISRESPECTFUL1 EV5 CONDESC5D+4 ,YET1 SOME ( ,HOBSBAWM'S CONCLUSIONS >E COMPELL+ & APPE> APPLICABLE TO ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES3 ,!Y RI 0,B&IT-H]OES >E NOT EXPECT$ TO MAKE A WORLD ( EQUALITY4 ,!Y CAN ONLY RI ,EQUALLY APPLICABLE TO ! SITUATION ( ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES IS ! FOLL[+ PASSAGE 7EV5 IF ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES DID NOT DRIVE ,CADILLACS73 0,P>ADOXICALLY !RE=E ! CONSPICU\S EXP5DITURE ( ! B&IT1 LIKE ! GOLD-PLAT$ ,CADILLACS & DIAMOND-9LAID TEE? ( ! SLUM-BOY :O HAS BECOME WORLD BOX+ *AMPION1 S]VES TO L9K HIM TO HIS ADMIR]S & NOT TO SEP>ATE HIM FROM !M2 PROVID+ ?AT HE DOES NOT /EP TOO F> \TSIDE ! H]OIC ROLE 9TO :I* ! PEOPLE HAVE CA/ HIM40.<#h#c.> ,) MANY GOLD5 AGE PIRATES--& C]TA9LY ) MANY BUCCANE]S--9 M9D1 IT BECOMES EASY TO CONCLUDE ) ,HOBSBAWM ?AT 0! MORE SUCCESSFUL HE IS AS A B&IT1 ! MORE HE IS BO? A REPRES5TATIVE & *AMPION ( ! POOR & A P>T ( ! SY/EM ( ! RI*40.<#h#c#a.> ,/ILL1 ,HOBSBAWM MIY CONNOTATIONS ( ! SOCIAL B&IT'S ACTIVITIES & RATE !M TOO /RONGLY AGA9/ HIS [N IDEAS ( POLITICAL RESI/ANCE1 :I* HE REVEALS 9 PASSAGES HAIL+ ! P[] ( 0POLITICAL ORGANIZATIONS0 & CONCLUSIONS ?AT 0!RE IS NO FUTURE0 = ?OSE :O--LIKE ! SOCIAL B&ITS--0DO NOT TAKE TO ! NEW WAYS ( FI ,9 O!R WORDS1 EV5 ?\< ,HOBSBAWM HIMSELF ADMITS ?AT 0SOCIAL B&ITRY HAS AN AFF9ITY = REVOLUTION10.<#h#c#c.> HE REFUSES TO ACCEPT ! IMPLICATIONS ( ?IS CONCESSION4 ,9 ,B&ITS1 = EXAMPLE1 ,HOBSBAWM /ATES ?AT SOCIAL B&ITS >E PEOPLE 0:O1 9 !IR [N LIMIT$ WAY1 HAVE %[N ?AT ! WILD LIFE 9 ! GRE5WOOD CAN BR+ LIB]TY1 EQUALITY & FRAT]NITY TO ?OSE :O PAY ! PRICE ( HOMELESSNESS1 DANG]1 & ALMO/ C]TA9 DEA?40.<#h#c#d.> ,H[ CAN SET+ SU* AN EXAMPLE NOT BE REVOLUTION>Y8 ,9 ,PRIMITIVE ,REBELS1 ,HOBSBAWM WRITES3 0,ONLY ! IDEALS = :I* !Y F\E BRAVE & NOBLE AS EAGLES40.<#h#c#e.> ,AGA91 H[ CAN ! P[] ( 9SPIRATION EXPRESS$ 9 ?IS QUOTE /OP %ORT ( BE+ REVOLUTION>Y P[]8 ,IT SEEMS ?AT !IR ROLE AS SOCIAL B&ITS CONFIRMS ! REVOLUTION>Y MOM5T & POT5TIAL ( ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES--AFT] ALL1 A WILD LIFE IS NOT R$UC$ TO ! GRE5WOOD1 IT CAN BE HAD ON ! OCEANS TOO4 ,:E!R ?IS IS 5\< TO MAKE !M REVOLUTION>IES REMA9S A MAT] ( DEF9ITION4 ,IT %\LD MAT] LITLE TO US4 ,! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES >E GONE4 ,!IR MOM5T & !IR POT5TIAL1 H[EV]1 >E NOT4 #d4#h4 ,LIB]TALIA3 ,ANO!R ,READ+ ,NO /ORY HAS OCCUPI$ RADICAL M9DS FASC9AT$ BY PIRATES LIKE ?AT ( ,CAPTA9 ,MISSON'S UTOPIAN COMMUNITY ,LIB]TALIA1 TOLD 9 ! SECOND VOLUME ( ,CAPTA9 ,JOHNSON'S ,G5]AL ,HI/ORY ( ! ,PIRATES4 ,JOHNSON DIVIDES ! /ORY 9TO TWO P>TS1 0,( ,CAPT4 ,MISSON & HIS ,CREW0 & 0,( ,CAPT4 ,TEW & HIS ,CREW40 ,TE LAT] CONTA9S ! F\NDATION ( ,LIB]TALIA4 ,IT IS COMMONLY ACCEPT$ TODAY ?AT ! /ORY IS FICTIONAL4.<#h#c#f.> ,?IS DOES NOT DET] POLITICALLY 9T]E/$ PIRATE S*OL>S FROM DISCUSS+ ITS POLITICAL SIGNIFICANCE4 ,PET] ,LAMBORN ,WILSON RAISES AN 9T]E/+ PO9T BY SUGGE/+ ?AT ! /ORY REMA9$ UN*ALL5G$ AT ! TIME ( ITS PUBLICATION BECAUSE IT SEEM$ 09H]5TLY BELIEVABLE0 & H5CE 0C\LD HAVE BE5 REAL10 & ?AT ?IS %\LD =M ! BASIS = \R DISCUSSIONS4.<#h#c#g.> ,O!R AU?ORS HAVE >GU$ ?AT ,LIB]TALIA WAS 0BAS$ UPON ! REALITIES ( PIRATE ORGANIZATIONS DUR+ ! GOLD5 AGE10.<#h#c#h.> & ?AT 0BECAUSE ,JOHNSON'S *APT] ',( ,CAPTA9 ,MISSON' IS A HI/ORY1 & BECAUSE ,MISSON IS A PRODUCT ( ,JOHNSON'S IMAG9ATION1 ! LIB]TY ESP\S$ BY ,MISSON IS A LIT]>Y--OR FICTIONAL--REALITY40.<#h#c#i.> ,M>CUS ,R$IK] EXPLA9S 9 MORE DETAIL3 ,WAS .<,LIB]TALIA.> FICTION8 ,S9CE A MAN NAM$ ,MISSON & A PLACE NAM$ ,LIB]TALIA APP>5TLY NEV] EXI/$1 ! LIT]AL ANSW] MU/ BE YES4 ,BUT 9 A DEEP] HI/ORICAL & POLITICAL S5SE ,MISSON & ,LIB]TALIA W]E NOT SIMPLY FICTIONS444,LIB]TALIA WAS A FICTIVE EXPRESSION ( LIV+ TRADITIONS1 PRACTICES & DREAMS ( AN ,ATLANTIC WORK+ CLASS1 MANY ( :I* W]E OBS]V$1 SYN!SIZ$ & TRANSLAT$ 9TO DISC\RSE BY ! AU?OR ( ,A ,G5]AL ,HI/ORY ( ! ,PYRATES4 ,A MOSAIC ASSEMBL$ FROM ! SPECIFIC UTOPIAN PRACTICES ( ! E>LY EI ,*RIS ,L& DRAWS ! CONV9C+ CONCLUSION ?AT 0! HI/ORICAL V]ACITY ( ,( ,CAPTA9 ,MISSON IS P]HAPS NOT AS IMPORTANT AS ITS LA/+ 9FLU5CE444ON ! 9SURRECTION>Y IMAG9ATION40.<#h#d#a.> ,WILLIAM ,BURR\CUS ,R$IK] ALSO L9KS ! 9SPIR+ UTOPIAN ASPECT ( ,LIB]TALIA TO ! SUBV]SIVE SOCIAL TRAJECTORY ?AT HE & ,PET] ,L9EBAU< DEF9$ AS ,HYDR>*Y 9 ! MOD]N-DAY CLASSIC ,! ,MANY-,HEAD$ ,HYDRA3 ,\R DISCUSSION ( ,HYDR>*Y & ,LIB]TALIA RAISES QUE/IONS AB\T ! PROCESS BY :I* SUBV]SIVE POPUL> IDEAS & PRACTICES >E KEPT ALIVE1 UND]GR\ND & OV] WAT]1 = LONG P]IODS ( TIME4 ,9DE$1 ! PIRATES' ALT]NATIVE SOCIAL ORD] MIITIME CONT9UATION ( ! TRADITIONAL PEASANT UTOPIA1 9 ,5GL& & CONT95TAL ,EUROPE1 CALL$ ',! ,L& ( ,COCKAYGNE4' ,! DISLIKE ( WORK1 ! ABUNDANCE ( FOOD1 ! CONC]N ) GOOD HEAL?1 ! LEVEL+ ( SOCIAL DI/9CTIONS & ! TURN+ ( ! WORLD UPSIDE D[N1 ! R$IVISION ( PROP]TY1 ! EASE & ! FRE$OMS--ALL ( ! ELEM5TS ( PRIMITIVE COMMUNISM ?AT 9=M$ ! M$IEVAL MY? W]E EXPRESS$ 9 ,LIB]TALIA & AT LEA/ P>TIALLY REALIZ$ ON ! PIRATE %IP4 ,& YET IF ,HYDR>*Y & ,LIB]TALIA E*O$ ! DREAMS ( ,COCKAGYNE 9 C5TURIES GONE BY1 SO DID !Y SPEAK TO ! FUTURE1 TO ! DEVELOPM5T ( MASS RADICAL-DEMOCRATIC MOVEM5TS4 ,HYDR>*Y & ,LIB]TALIA MAY BE 9T]M$IATE POPUL> L9KS BETWE5 ! DEFEAT$ REPUBLICANS ( ! ,5GLI% ,REVOLUTION & ! VICTORI\S REPUBLICANS ( ! AGE ( REVOLUTION MORE ?AN A C5TURY LAT]4 ,! RELATIVE ABS5CE ( PIRACY 9 ! ,ATLANTIC BETWE5 #age & #ahe MAY 9 ! 5D [E SOME?+ TO ! UTOPIAN PROSPECT ( AN E>LI] AGE & ! RU?LESS REPRESSION !Y CALL$ =?4 ,BUT SO TOO MILI] POPUL> /RUGGLES4 ,MAYBE PIRATES !MSELVES MAY HAVE DI$ UPON ! GALL[S1 DEFEAT$1 BUT ,HYDR>*Y & ,LIB]TALIA HAD MANY VICTORIES YET TO CLAIM4.<#h#d#b.> ,! GI/ ( ?IS UTOPIAN PROSPECT & ITS LEGACY >E P]HAPS BE/ EXPRESS$ 9 ,L>RY ,LAW'S 9TRODUCTION TO HIS *>M+ M9I-$ITION ( ! ,MISSON /ORY3 ,AS ) ,ROB9 ,HOOD !RE IS MORE ?AN A TRACE ( WI%FUL ?9K+ 9 ! /ORY ( ,MISSON4 ,BUT ! WI% WAS !RE & IF NO?+ ELSE ! /ORY ( ,MISSON /&S AS A TRIBUTE1 OV] #be YE>S' OLD1 TO ! CONCEPT ( A SOCIETY RUN ON A SY/EM ( COOP]ATION & MUTUAL AID1 :I* C>$ = ITS OLD & DISABL$1 WAS M]CIFUL TO ITS MALEFACTORS1 RAN ITS [N AFFAIRS & NE$$ NEI!R MONEY NOR POLICEM54.<#h#d#c.> ,/EPH5 ,SNELD]S SEES ?IS CONCEPT ROOT$ 9 ! ,C>IBBEAN BUCCANE] CULTURE3 ,9 L9K+ ! ,EUROPEAN M]C5>Y TRADITIONS TO ! DISCONT5T ( OPPRESS$ SAILORS1 ! ,BRO!RHOOD ( ! ,COA/ BECAME A SANCTU>Y = DROP\TS1 DES]T]S1 \TCA/S & SOCIAL FAILURES1 & SO CREAT$ A MY? ( FRE$OM & 9DEP5D5CE ?AT EV5TUALLY DEVELOP$ 9TO ! DREAM ( ,LIB]TALIA4 ,9 !IR R\< WAY !Y KEPT ! IDEALS ( ,LIB]TY1 ,EQUALITY1 & ,FRAT]NITY ?AT EXPLOD$ ! WORLD ( ! ,ANCI5 ,REGIME MORE ?AN A C5TURY LAT]4.<#h#d#d.> ,IT SEEMS P]SUASIVE ?AT IT DOES NOT MAT] MU* :E!R ,LIB]TALIA WAS REAL OR NOT4 ,:AT MAT]S IS ! /ORY'S POLITICAL SIGNIFICANCE & /R5G?4 ,IT IS CURI\S1 H[EV]1 ?AT A CLOS] LOOK AT ! /ORY1 AS TOLD BY ,CAPTA9 ,JOHNSON1 DOES NOT NECESS>ILY PROVIDE MU* GR\ND = RADICAL EUPHORIA4 ,9 ! /ORY1 ,CAPTA9 ,MISSON IS A Y\NG ,FR5*M5 FROM A WEAL?Y FAMILY :O TRAVELS TO ,ROME = A PROP] ,*RI/IAN $UCATION4 ,SOON DISILLUSION$ ) ! ,CA?OLIC ,*UR*1 HE MEETS AN EQUALLY DISILLUSION$ & ELOQU5T ,ITALIAN /UD5T BY ! NAME ( ,C>ACCIOLI1 :O BECOMES ,MISSON'S LIFE-LONG COMPANION & IDEOLOGICAL M5TOR4 ,! TWO 5D UP GO+ TO SEA TOGE!R1 SAIL TO ! ,C>IBBEAN1 &1 AFT] ! CAPTA91 SECOND CAPTA9 & ! ?REE LIEUT5ANTS ( !IR %IP >E KILL$ 9 AN 5GAGEM5T ) AN ,5GLI% MAN-(- W>1 ,MISSON IS ELECT$ CAPTA94.<#h#d#e.> ,HE EV5TUALLY LEADS HIS M5 TO ,MADAGASC>1 :ILE PROPAGAT+ A NUMB] ( NOBLE CAUSES RELAT$ TO 9DIVIDUAL FRE$OM & ! EQUALITY ( M5 9 ELABORATE SPEE*ES4 ,9 ,MADAGASC> HE MEETS ) 7! V]Y NON-FICTIONAL7 ,CAPTA9 ,?OMAS ,TEW1 CONV9CES HIM TO BECOME HIS COHORT1 & F\NDS ! UTOPIAN SETLEM5T ( ,LIB]TALIA1 :I* AFT] SOME TIME IS DE/ROY$ BY NATIVE ,MADAGASCANS4 ,:ILE SAIL+ T[>DS ,FRANCE CONTEMPLAT+ HIS FUTURE1 ,MISSON & HIS CREW DIE 9 A /ORM4 ,SEV]AL ASPECTS ( ?IS /ORY SEEM TO HAVE RECEIV$ NO AT5TION 9 RADICAL CIRCLES1 OR HAVE BE5 PLAY$ D[N & MISREPRES5T$4 #a4 ,MISSON & ,C>ACCIOLI MAKE IT CLE> ?AT !Y DO NOT WANT TO BE PIRATES4 ,ACCORD+ TO ,CAPTA9 ,JOHNSON1 ,C>ACCIOLI OBJECT$ ?AT !Y W]E NO PIRATES1 BUT M5 :O W]E RESOLV$ TO ASS]T ?AT LIB]TY :I* GOD & NATURE GAVE !M1 & [N NO SUBJECTION TO ANY1 F>!R ?AN WAS = ! COMMON GOOD ( ALL4 ,TAT 9DE$1 OB$I5CE TO GOV]NORS WAS NECESS>Y1 :5 !Y KNEW & ACT$ UP TO ! DUTY ( !IR FUNCTION1 W]E VIGILANT GU>DIANS ( ! PEOPLE'S RIRI]S AGA9/ ! RI* & P[]FUL :5 !Y ATEMPT$ TO OPPRESS ! WEAK]4.<#h#d#f.> ,= !SE REASONS1 ,C>ACCIOLI ALSO OBJECTS TO ! ,JOLLY ,ROG] AS !IR FLAG3 ,AS WE !N DO NOT PROCE$ UPON ! SAME GR\NDS ) PIRATES1 :O >E M5 ( DISSOLUTE LIVES & NO PR9CIPLES1 LET US SCORN TO TAKE !IR COLORS4 ,\RS IS A BRAVE1 A JU/1 AN 9NOC5T1 & A NOBLE CAUSE2 ! CAUSE ( LIB]TY4 ,I !RE=E ADVISE A :ITE SIGN1 ) ,LIB]TY PA9T$ 9 ! FLY1 & IF Y\ W\LD LIKE ! MOTO1 ,A ,DEO A ,LIB]TATE1 = ,GOD & ,LIB]TY1 AS AN EMBLEM ( \R UPRI ,!SE >E S]I\S DECL>ATIONS4 ,9 FACT1 ! PASSAGES REVEAL ! ROLE ( ,MISSON'S TALE 9 ,CAPTA9 ,JOHNSON'S ,G5]AL ,HI/ORY3 IT IS ! MORAL ANTIPODE TO ! EXPLOITS ( ! PIRATE CAPTA9S1 ! W>N+ 9DEX F+]1 CONSCI5CE RIS+ ABOVE SELFI%NESS4 ,CIT+ ,CAPTA9 ,MISSON AS GOLD5 AGE PIRACY'S MO/ %9+ EXAMPLE DRA/ICALLY CORRUPTS ! /ORY4 ,A SIMULTANE\S EMBRACE ( GOLD5 AGE PIRACY & ,CAPTA9 ,MISSON SEEMS IMPOSSIBLE4 ,RA!R1 WE HAVE TO MAKE A *OICE3 EI!R WE BELIEVE 9 ! REVOLUTION>Y VIRTUE ( A B& ( \TLAWS UND] ! BLACK FLAG--OR WE BELIEVE 9 ! REVOLUTION>Y VIRTUE ( A MAN ( PR9CIPLE UND] ! :ITE FLAG4 ,Y\ CAN'T EAT Y\R CAKE & HAVE IT1 TOO4 #b4 ,H[ REVOLUTION>Y W]E ,C>ACCIOLI & ,CAPTA9 ,MISSON'S PR9CIPLES & DEM&S8 ,! PASSAGES QUOT$ ABOVE ALREADY CONFIRM ?AT !Y OBJECT$ NEI!R TO GOV]NORS P] SE 7,C>ACCIOLI PRAISES A GOOD GOV]NOR AS 0A REAL FA!R0.<#h#d#h.>7 NOR TO DI/9CTIONS BETWE5 ! 0RI* & P[]FUL0 ON ! ONE H& & ! 0WEAK]0 ON ! O!R1 AS LONG AS !RE EXI/$ 9/ITUTIONAL 0B>RI]S0 TO PREV5T OPPRESSION4 7,H[ CAN OPPRESSION BE AVOID$ 9 AN ECONOMICALLY UNJU/ SOCIETY87 ,:AT1 !N1 DEF9ES ! PROGRESSIV5ESS ( ,MISSON & ,C>ACCIOLI8 ,MISSON IS DEMOCRATIC3 0,HE !N GAVE ! S5TIM5TS ( ?OSE :O W]E AGA9/ HIM1 & !IR REASONS1 & BEGG$ ?AT EV]Y ONE W\LD GIVE HIS OP9ION & VOTE ACCORD+ AS HE ?\ FROM TAK+ IT ILL IF !Y %\LD REJECT :AT HE HAD PROPOS$1 S9CE HE HAD NO PRIVATE VIEWS TO S]VE40.<#h#d#i.> ,MISSON W\LD 0=CE NO MAN40.<#h#e.> ,MISSON OBJECTS TO SLAV]Y3 0,= HIS P>T1 & HE HOP$ HE SPOKE ! S5TIM5TS ( ALL HIS BRAVE COMPANIONS1 HE HAD NOT EXEMPT$ HIS NECK = ! GALL+ YOKE ( SLAV]Y1 & ASS]T$ HIS [N LIB]TY1 TO 5?RALL$ O!RS40.<#h#e#a.> ,MISSON ADVOCATES COMMON PROP]TY1 0TELL+444 ALL %\LD BE 9 COMMON & ! P>TICUL> AV>ICE ( NO ONE %\LD DEFRAUD ! PUBLIC40.<#h#e#b.> ,MISSON IS A HUMANI/ :O WAS UND] AN OBLIGATION TO RECOMM5D TO !M A BRO!RLY LOVE TO EA* O!R2 ! BANI%M5T ( ALL PRIVATE PIQUES & GRUDGES1 & A /RICT AGREEM5T & H>MONY AMONG !MSELVES4 ,?AT 9 ?R[+ (F ! YOKE ( TYRANNY444HE HOP$ NONE W\LD FOLL[ ! EXAMPLE ( ! TYRANTS1 & TURN HIS BACK UPON JU/ICE2 = :5 EQUITY WAS TRODD5 UND] FOOT1 MIS]Y1 CONFUSION & MUTUAL DI/RU/ NATURALLY FOLL[$4.<#h#e#c.> ,MISSON OBJECTS TO ! DEA? P5ALTY1 0A B>B>ITY BY :I* HE W\LD NOT PUR*ASE HIS SECURITY40.<#h#e#d.> ,MISSON TREATS HIS PRISON]S JU/LY3 0,HE !N 9QUIR$ 9TO ! CIRCUM/ANCES ( EV]Y P>TICUL> . & :AT !Y HAD LO/1 ALL ( :I* HE RETURN$444 0.<#h#e#e.> ,MISSON ABIDES BY ! VIRTUES ( GRACE & =GIV5ESS3 0,HE WAS AV]SE TO EV]Y?+ ?AT BORE ! FACE ( CRUELTY & ?\ ,ALL !SE S5TIM5TS TOGE!R %APE ,MISSON'S UNIQUE SEA ROBB+ AG5DA3 ,SELF-PRES]VATION1 !RE=E1 & NOT A CRUEL DISPOSITION1 OBLIG+ HIM TO DECL>E W> AGA9/ ALL SU* AS %\LD REFUSE HIM ! 5TRY ( !IR PORTS1 & AGA9/ ALL1 :O %\LD NOT IMM$IATELY SURR5D] & GIVE UP :AT !IR NECESSITIES REQUIR$2 BUT 9 A MORE P>TICUL> MANN] AGA9/ ALL ,EUROPEAN %IPS & VESSELS1 AS CONCLUD$ IMPLACABLE 5EMIES4 ,& ,I DO N[1 SAID HE1 DECL>E SU* W>1 &1 AT ! SAME TIME1 RECOMM5D TO Y\ MY COMRADES1 A HUMANE & G5]\S BEHAVIOR T[>DS Y\R PRISON]S1 :I* WILL APPE> BY SO MU* MORE ! EFFECTS ( A NOBLE S\L1 AS WE >E SATISFI$ WE %\LD NOT MEET ! SAME TREATM5T %\LD \R ILL-=TUNE1 OR MORE PROP]LY \R DISUNION1 OR WANT ( C\RAGE1 GIVE US UP TO !IR M]CY4.<#h#e#g.> ,?IS ( C\RSE IS ALL V]Y NOBLE1 EXTREMELY REM>KABLE = ITS TIME1 & C]TA9 ASPECTS--ESPECIALLY ! F9AL DECL>ATION--MU/ SURELY BE CONSID]$ RADICAL4 ,/ILL1 DOES IT MAKE ,MISSON A REVOLUTION>Y8 ,OR RA!R A MIXTURE ( A HOLY MAN1 A SOCIAL RE=M]1 & A ,ROB9 ,HOOD8 ,C\LD SU* A MIXTURE BE REVOLUTION>Y8 ,MAYBE ,MISSON'S [N RESOLUTION--! SETLEM5T ( ,LIB]TALIA-- PROVIDES ! ANSW]4 #c4 ,! AIM ( ,LIB]TALIA IS NEV] 9 D\BT3 IT IS SUPPOS$ TO BE A SOCIAL ORD] ) A GOV]NM5T & CO]CIVE LAWS4 ,9 O!R WORDS3 ! OBJECTIVE ( E/ABLI%+ ,LIB]TALIA IS TO E/ABLI% A /ATE1 COMPLETE ) NAVAL =CE & ALL4 ,CAPTA9 ,JOHNSON EXPLICITLY CONFIRMS ?AT ! 0GREAT MANY :OLESOME LAWS444 5ACT$0 W]E 0REGI/]$ 9 A ,/ATE BOOK10 :ILE ,C>ACCIOLI FILLS ! POSITION ( 0,SECRET>Y ( ,/ATE40 ,GOV]NM5T IS DEEM$ A 0NECESSITY TO444 CONS]VATION10 ! CO]CIVE LAWS CONSID]$ 9DISP5SABLE BECAUSE O!RWISE 0! WEAKE/ W\LD ALWAYS BE ! SUFF]]S1 & EV]Y?+ MU/ T5D TO CONFUSION40 ,BO? GOV]NM5T & LAW >E ! ANSW]S TO 0M5'S PASSION .<:I* IS.> BL9D+ !M TO JU/ICE1 & MAK+ !M EV] P>TIAL TO !MSELVES444 0.<#h#e#h.> ,AT ?IS PO9T IT BECOMES UT]LY CLE> ?AT ,MISSON'S IDEAS BUILD ON ! ASSUMPTIONS ( ,TOMAS ,HOBBES1 ! IDEOLOGICAL GODFA!R ( ! MOD]N NATION-/ATE4 ,LIB]TALIA !N SIMPLY BECOMES A ,LEVIA?AN ) HUMANIT>IAN COAT+4 ,SU* ,LEVIA?ANS DEF9E TODAY'S POLITICAL L&SCAPE4 ,>E !Y REALLY 0WORK+-CLASS DREAMS08.<#h#e#i.> ,IT HAS BE5 SUGGE/$ ?AT ,LIB]TALIA WAS COMMUNI/IC & ANTI-CAPITALI/4.<#h#f.> ,TESE ASSUMPTIONS SEEM SOME:AT BAFFL+ GIV5 ,CAPTA9 ,JOHNSON'S \TL9E ( ,LIB]TALIA'S ECONOMY3 0,! TREASURE & CATTLE !Y W]E MA/]S ( %\LD BE EQUALLY DIVID$1 & SU* L&S AS ANY P>TICUL> MAN W\LD 5CLOSE %\LD1 = ! FUTURE1 BE DEEM$ HIS PROP]TY :I* NO O!R %\LD LAY ANY CLAIM TO1 IF NOT ALI5AT$ BY A SALE40.<#h#f#a.> ,ACCORD+LY1 0AN EQUAL DIVISION WAS MADE ( !IR TREASURE & CATLE1 & EV]YONE BEGAN EI!R TO 5CLOSE L& = HIMSELF OR HIS NEI ,DOES ?IS NOT JU/ S\ND LIKE PLA9 OLD PETY-B\RGEOIS LIB]ALISM8 ,! MO/ RADICAL ASPECTS ( ,LIB]TALIA W]E ITS GOV]N+ C\NCIL1 CONSI/+ 0( ! ABLE/ AMONG !M1 )\T DI/9CTION ( NATION OR COLOR10 & ! FACT ?AT 0! DIFF]5T LANGUAGES BEGAN TO BE 9CORPORAT$1 & ONE MADE \T ( MANY0.<#h#f#c.>--:I* CORRESPONDS TO ! NAME ( ,LIB]TALIA & 0! NAME ( ,LIB]I TO HIS PEOPLE1 DESIR+444 ?AT MI ,/ILL1 ,LIB]TALIA WAS A /ATE & ALL /ATES >E CO]CIVE1 NO MAT] H[ C\NCIL-BAS$2 AFT] ALL1 SOVIET MEANS C\NCIL1 TOO4 ,?AT ! GOV]N+ C\NCIL ( ,LIB]TALIA TOOK ITS CO]C+ ROLE S]I\SLY IS REVEAL$ 9 ! FOLL[+ EPISODE ( ! ,LIB]TALIA /ORY4 ,SOME MON?S PRIOR TO ITS E/ABLI%M5T1 ,TEW'S =M] QU>T]MA/] L$ A GR\P ( R5EGADE CREW MEMB]S :O SEP>AT$ FROM !IR CAPTA9 & E/ABLI%$ !IR [N ,MADAGASCAN SETLEM5T4 ,:5 ,LIB]TALIA'S GOV]N+ C\NCIL DISCUSS$ ! PROPOSAL ( 9VIT+ ! GR\P TO JO9 !M1 WE F9D 0! C\NCIL REJECT+ ?IS1 ALLEG+ ?AT AS !Y DES]T$ !IR CAPTA91 IT WAS A M>K ( MUT9\S TEMP]1 & !Y MI ,S9CE :5 DO ! DREAMS ( RADICALS CONDEMN 0MUT9\S TEMP]0 OR A 0SPIRIT ( DISORD]08 ,/EPH5 ,SNELD]S1 H[EV]1 SEEMS TO BE ! ONLY RADICAL AU?OR :O DISCUSSES ?IS P>T ( ! ,LIB]TALIA /ORY4 7,PET] ,LAMBORN ,WILSON ALSO SPEAKS ( ! 0'AN>*I/' S*ISM0 CAUS$ BY ,TEW'S =M] QU>T]MA/]1 BUT ONLY 9 PASS+4.<#h#f#f.>7 ,SNELD]S WRITES3 ,IF WE COMP>E ! *APT] ON ,MISSON ) :AT WE HAVE LE>N$ AB\T ! ORGANIZATION ON BO>D ! PIRATE %IPS1 ! RADICALLY DISSID5T PIRATES APPE> MORE TYPICAL ( ! POLITICS ( ,OLD ,ROG] ?AN ,LIB]TALIA'S PROTO-DEMOCRACY1 ) ITS ,LOCKEAN ORIG9AL CONTRACT & MOVEM5T T[>DS ! =MATION ( A LIB]AL /ATE ) PRIVATE PROP]TY & =MAL DEMOCRACY TO PROTECT IT4 ,! AN>*I/S :O REFUSE TO ACCEPT ! DEMOCRATIC PIRATE UTOPIA & HAVE NO USE = LAWS ( ANY K9D MAY BE ! TRUE/ REFLECTION ( ! PIRATE E?OS4.<#h#f#g.> ,IT IS H>D TO SEE ! BASIS = SU* CLAIMS 9 ,CAPTA9 ,JOHNSON'S TEXT2 ,SNELD]S' CONCLUSION APPE>S AS CURI\S AS ! ROMANTICIZATION ( ,LIB]TALIA1 & BY F> ! MO/ PUZZL+ 9 HIS \T/&+ ,! ,DEVIL'S ,AN>*Y4 ,ACCORD+ TO ,JOHNSON1 AFT] ! C\NCIL REJECTS ! DISSID5TS1 ,CAPTA9 ,TEW IS GRANT$ P]MISSION TO SEE !M NONE!LESS 9 ORD] TO GIVE NOTICE AB\T ,LIB]TALIA3 0,IF1 !Y MADE IT !IR E>NE/ 5TREATY TO BE ADMIT$1 & W\LD DES]T ! QU>T]MA/]1 IT %\LD BE GRANT$ AS A P>TICUL> FAVOR DONE TO !M AT ! 9/ANCE ( ! ADMIRAL .<,TEW.>1 & UPON HIS 5GAG+ A P>OLE ( HONOR = !IR QUIET BEHAVIOR40.<#h#f#h.> ,TEW MAKES ! J\RNEY TO ! SETLEM5T1 IS RECEIV$ 0MIT]MA/]1 & TELLS HIM AB\T ,LIB]TALIA4 7,:Y HE W\LD TALK TO ! ONE P]SON :O1 ACCORD+ TO ! C\NCIL1 NE$S TO BE DES]T$ AS A CONDITION = ! O!RS TO JO91 REMA9S A MY/]Y47 ,! QU>T]MA/] TELLS HIM 0?AT HE C\LD SEE NO ADVANTAGE TO !MSELVES 9 *ANG+ !IR PRES5T SITUATION1444 ?AT !Y4445JOY$ ALL ! NECESS>IES ( LIFE1 W]E FREE & 9DEP5D5T ( ALL ! WORLD1 & IT W\LD BE MADNESS AGA9 TO SUBJECT !MSELVES TO ANY GOV]NM5T :I*1 H[EV] MILD1 /ILL EX]T$ SOME P[]40.<#h#f#i.> ,SO F> 9TO ! /ORY1 ,SNELD]S' 9T]PRETATION W\LD MAKE S5SE4.<#h#g.> ,?IS P]CEPTION *ANGES1 ?\<1 :5 ! QU>T]MA/] CONT9UES3 ,H[EV]1 IF Y\ WILL GO TO ,AM]ICA OR ,EUROPE & %EW ! ADVANTAGES :I* MAY ACCRUE TO ! ,5GLI% BY FIX+ A COLONY H]E1 \T ( LOVE WE BE> = \R C\NTRY1 & TO WIPE AWAY ! ODI\S APPELLATION ( ,PIRATES1 ) PLEASURE WE'LL SUBMIT TO ANY :O %ALL COME ) A COMMISSION FROM A LAWFUL GOV]NM5T4 ,BUT 'TIS RIDICUL\S TO ?9K WE WILL BECOME SUBJECTS TO GREAT] ROGUES ?AN \RSELVES444 .<#h#g#a.> ,9 O!R WORDS1 ! COMMUNITY ?AT REPRES5TS = ,SNELD]S 0! TRUE/ REFLECTION ( ! PIRATE E?OS0 NOT ONLY WANTS TO RID ITSELF ( ! 0ODI\S APPELLATION ( ,PIRATES10 BUT W\LD ALSO BE READY TO FUNCTION AS A COLONIAL ,5GLI% \TPO/1 AMONG O!R REASONS BECAUSE 0A SETLEM5T H]E W\LD BE A CURB ON ,PIRATES & A PROTECTION AS WELL AS A GREAT CONV5I5CY TO \R EA/ ,9DIA %IPS1 :O MIT]MA/] FET*ES BE=E ,TEW'S DEP>TURE1 URG+ HIM TO PRES5T IT TO ! ,5GLI% AU?ORITIES BACK 9 ,AM]ICA4 ,! LETT] LI/S A NUMB] ( >GUM5TS = GRANT+ COLONY /ATUS TO !IR SETLEM5T4 ,AMONG !SE >GUM5TS1 WE F9D NOT ONLY ! QUOT$ CONDEMNATIONS ( PIRACY1 BUT ALSO ! FOLL[+ CALCULATION3 ,NEGROES 9 ,B>BADOES >E AT ,L4#c1 ,L4#d1 OR ,L4#e A HEAD1 & ,I D>E ANSW] TO #a,S4 9 ,EUROPEAN GOODS WILL PUR*ASE A NEGRO SLAVE AT ,MADAGASC>1 S9CE WE HAVE PUR*AS$ ONE = AN OLD COAT1 A LU/Y FELL[4 ,FOOD IS V]Y DE> AT ,B>BADOES & H]E Y\ MAY FE$ A SLAVE1 AS WELL AS Y\RSELF )\T EXP5SE1 CONSEQU5TLY HE WILL DO MORE WORK ?AN A ,B>BADOES SLAVE1 :O IS1 BY ! DE>NESS ( PROVISION1 HALF-/>V$4.<#h#g#b.> ,9 ! 5D1 ! TALE ( ,LIB]TALIA FEATURES TWO POLITICAL OPTIONS3 A DEMOCRATIC- LIB]AL /ATE 7:OSE UTOPIAN NOTION NEV] REALLY EXCE$$ ?AT ( ,?OMAS ,MORE.<#h#g#c.>71 & A R\<-&-READY COLONIAL /ATION4 ,NEI!R OPTION APPE>S T]RIBLY ATTRACTIVE = RADICAL POLITICS4 #d4#i4 ,SAFE ,HAV5S1 ,ON%ORE ,SETLEM5TS1 ,PIRATE ,UTOPIAS3 ,PIRATES ON ,L& ,9 COMP>ISON TO ! MO/ PROBABLY FICTIONAL ,LIB]TALIA1 AN ILLU/RATION ( ! PIRATE SETLEM5TS :OSE EXI/5CE IS BEYOND D\BT WILL BET] HELP EXPLORE !IR POLITICAL DIM5SIONS4 ,:AT IS C]TA9 IS ?AT !SE SETLEM5TS SC>$ ! AU?ORITIES4 ,AS ,L9EBAU< & ,R$IK] /ATE3 0,SOME AMONG ! P[]FUL WORRI$ ?AT PIRATES MIEAS :]E NO P[] W\LD BE ABLE 'TO DISPUTE ) !M4' ,COLONIAL & METROPOLITAN M]*ANTS & (FICIALS FE>$ 9CIPI5T SEP>ATISM 9 ,MADAGASC>1 ,SI]RA ,LEONE1 ,B]MUDA1 ,NOR? ,C>OL9A1 ! ,BAY ( ,CAMPE*E1 & ,HONDURAS40.<#h#g#d.> ,SNELD]S CALLS !SE >EAS 0ILLEGAL AUTONOM\S ZONES0.<#h#g#e.> & 0BORD] >EAS ( CIVILIZATION0.<#h#g#f.>--BO? APT DESCRIPTIONS & MU* MORE FIT+ ?AN 0QUASI- /ATES40.<#h#g#g.> ,C>IBBEAN ,! ,C>IBBEAN BUCCANE]S & PIRATES US$ V>I\S L& BASES FROM ! #a#f#bS TO ! #a#g#bS4 ,PROVID5CE ,ISL& WAS AN E>LY PRIVATE]+ /ATION = ! ,5GLI% 9 ! #a#f#cS1 ,M>T9IQUE DEVELOP$ 9TO A C5T] = ,FR5* BUCCANE]S & PIRATES SOME DECADES LAT]1 & ! ,VIRG9 ,ISL&S 79 P>TICUL> ,SA9T ,TOMAS7 W]E A REGUL> R5DEZV\S = PIRATES FROM MANY NATIONS ?R\<\T ! C5TURY4 ,! MO/ IMPORTANT C5T]S1 H[EV]1 W]E ,HISPANIOLA1 ! /OMP+ GR\ND ( ! E>LY BUCCANE] COMMUNITY2 ,TORTUGA1 ! 0BUCCANE]S' 'ACROPOLIS'0.<#h#g#h.> ACROSS A /RAIT ( ,HISPANIOLA'S NOR?- WE/]N TIP :]E MO/ ( ! BUCCANE]S MOV$ ONCE !Y HAD TURN$ FROM HUNT]S TO SEA ROBB]S2 ,PETIT-,GOAVE ON WE/]N ,HISPANIOLA1 :]E MO/ ( ! ,TORTUGA BUCCANE]S RETURN$ 9 ! #a#f#fS2 ,PORT ,ROYAL1 ,JAMAICA1 :I*1 9 ! WORDS ( ,DAVID ,CORD+LY & ,JOHN ,FALCON]1 DEVELOP$ 9TO 0A P>ADISE = BUCCANE]S0.<#h#g#i.> AFT] ! ,5GLI% TAKEOV] 9 #a#f#e#e2 ! ,BAYS ( ,CAMPE*E & ,HONDURAS1 C5T]S ( ! NOTORI\S LOGWOOD CUT]S DUR+ ! LA/ DECADES ( ! #a#g? C5TURY2 & ,NEW ,PROVID5CE1 :I* S]V$ AS ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES' 0SANCTU>Y0.<#h#h.> = TWO %ORT YE>S FROM #agaf TO #a#g#a#h4 ,HISPANIOLA ,DESCRIPTIONS ( EV]YDAY LIFE ON WE/]N ,HISPANIOLA DUR+ ! BUCCANE] HEYDAY MAKE LIFE S\ND LIKE A /EP %ORT ( A PRIMITIVI/ ,EL ,DORADO4 ,FA!R DU ,T]TRE1 AN E>LY MISSION>Y 9 ! ,C>IBBEAN1 WRITES AB\T AN 0UNORGANIZ$ RABBLE ( M5 FROM ALL C\NTRIES0 :O 0W\LD NOT SUFF] ANY *IEFS03 ,9 G5]AL !Y W]E )\T ANY HABITATION OR FIX$ ABODE1 BUT ONLY R5DEZV\S$ :]E ! CATLE W]E TO BE F\ND1 & SOME %$S COV]$ ) LEAVES TO KEEP (F ! RA9 & TO /ORE ! HIDES ( ! BEA/S !Y HAD KILL$ UNTIL SOME VESSEL %\LD PASS TO B>T] ) !M = W9E1 BR&Y1 L9E1 >MS1 P[D]1 BULLETS1 & COOK+ VESSELS :I* !Y NE$$ & :I* W]E ! ONLY MOVABLES ( ! BUCCANE]S4.<#h#h#a.> ,DU ,T]TRE ALSO REM>K$3 0,Y\ W\LD SAY ?AT !SE >E ! BUT*]'S VILE/ S]VANTS :O HAVE BE5 EI ,A GRAPHIC ILLU/RATION IS ALSO PROVID$ BY ,CL>K ,RUSSELL3 ,! ,ISL& ( ,SAN ,DOM+O1 OR ,HISPANIOLA AS IT WAS !N CALL$1 WAS HAUNT$ & OV]RUN BY A S+UL> COMMUNITY ( SAVAGE1 SURLY1 FI]CE & FIL?Y M54444,!SE PEOPLE W5T DRESS$ 9 %IRTS & PANTALOONS ( CO>SE L95 CLO?1 :I* !Y /EEP$ 9 ! BLOOD ( ! ANIMALS !Y SLAUKL+ HEAV5S ( ! ,ANTILLES4.<#h#h#c.> ,?IS COMMUNITY ( HUNT]S WAS DRIV5 FROM ,HISPANIOLA BY ! ,SPANI>DS :O KILL$ (F ! GAME 9 ! #a#f#cS4 ,MO/ BUCCANE]S MOV$ ACROSS A SMALL /RAIT TO ! ISL& ( ,TORTUGA (F ,HISPANIOLA'S NOR?WE/]N TIP4 ,TORTUGA ,TORTUGA PROBABLY HAD SOME SEMI-P]MAN5T SETL]S 7MO/LY TRAD]S7 />T+ 9 ! #a#f#bS4 ,! ISL& !N EXP]I5C$ A RA!R TURBUL5T COLONIAL HI/ORY & *ANG$ H&S BETWE5 ! ,5GLI%1 ,FR5*1 & ,SPANI% A FEW TIMES1 UNTIL ! ,FR5* E/ABLI%$ A HOLD OV] IT 9 #afdb ) GOV]NOR ,JEAN LE ,VASSEUR =TIFY+ ! ISL& & TURN+ IT 9TO A /RONG SEA-RAID+ BASE4 ,DESPITE CONT9U$ ,SPANI% ATACKS1 ! ,FR5* & ! BUCCANE]S REMA9$ 7) %ORT 9T]RUPTIONS7 UNTIL ! #a#g#gS BE=E ! LA/ BUCCANE] G5]ATION E/ABLI%$ ITSELF >\ND ! ?RIV+ SETLEM5T ( ,PETIT-,GOAVE ON ,HISPANIOLA4 ,PHILIP ,GOSSE HAS CALL$ ,TORTUGA 0A BUCCANE] REPUBLIC1 :]E ! SEAM5 MADE !IR [N LAWS & CULTIVAT$ ! L& = SUG>-CANE & YAMS10.<#h#h#d.> :ILE ,JOHN ,MASEFIELD SUGGE/S ?AT ! ,TORTUGA BUCCANE]S 0SOON BECAME SO NUM]\S ?AT !Y MI ,A VIVID DESCRIPTION ( ,TORTUGA 9 ITS HEYDAY COMES FROM ,BASIL ,FULL] & ,RONALD ,LESLIE-,MELVILLE3 ,! ,BRE?R5 ( ! ,COA/ LIV$ A LIFE :I* WAS AN EXTRAORD9>Y MIXTURE ( IDEALISM & SAVAG]Y4 ,GRADUALLY !IR HAV5 BECAME MORE PROSP]\S4 ,A BET] H>BOR & BET] DEF5SES W]E BUILT4 ,! /&>D ( LIV+ 9 ,TORTUGA ROSE AS WEAL? FL[$ 9TO IT 9 EV] 9CREAS+ TIDES4 ,BUT /ILL NO ATEMPT WAS MADE TO ADD TO ! LUXURY ( ! HAV54 ,AMAZ+LY ! BUCCANE]S MA9TA9$ !IR DET]M9ATION TO ES*EW COM=TS1 FE>FUL TO !IR S(T5+ EFFECTS4 ,SO ,TORTUGA WAS RAIS$ FROM ! 9SIGNIFICANT ISL& IT HAD ONCE BE5 TO ! DIGNITY ( A DANG]\S LAIR1 OV] :I* M9I/]S 9 F>-AWAY ,:ITEHALL SCRAT*$ !IR HEADS1 & ,SPANI% GR&EES FUM$ & CURS$4 ,! SECRET ( ! SUCCESS ( ! HAV5 LAY 9 ! TRUE 'BRO!RHOOD' ( ITS PEOPLE1 :O REALIZ$ TO AN A/ONI%+ DEGREE1 CONSID]+ :AT /AMP ( M5 !Y W]E1 ! TRU? ( ! OLD TAG 'UNIT$ WE /&1 DIVID$ WE FALL4' ,! BUCCANE]S /UCK TO EA* O!R ) A LOYALTY :I* COMPELS \R ADMIRATION4.<#h#h#f.> ,PETIT-,GOAVE ,PETIT-,GOAVE1 LOCAT$ 9 ,HISPANIOLA'S S\?WE/1 S]V$ AS ! BASE ( ! ,FR5* BUCCANE]S DUR+ ! DY+ PHASES ( ! COMMUNITY FROM ! #a#f#gS TO ! #a#f#iS4 ,DESCRIB$ AS ! CAPITAL ( 0A POPULATION ( TRAMPS & REBELS10.<#h#h#g.> HUNDR$S ( BUCCANE]S W]E BAS$ !RE UNTIL ! LATE #a#f#hS4.<#h#h#h.> ,BY #a#g1 H[EV]1 ! T[N HAD BECOME 0A SLEEPY ,FR5* COLONIAL BACKWAT]40.<#h#h#i.> ,PORT ,ROYAL ,:5 ! RE/ORATION ( ,*>LES ,I,I 9 #aff BR\BOR T[N ( ,PORT ,ROYAL DEVELOP$ 9TO ! MAJOR C5T] = ,5GLI% BUCCANE]S1 MANY ( :OM FLOCK$ 9TO ! NEW ,5GLI% COLONY FROM ,HISPANIOLA & ,TORTUGA4 ,BY #a#f#f#e1 ! T[N C\NT$ MORE ?AN #b1 BUCCANE]S :O REGUL>LY EMB>K$ ON J\RNEYS FROM ITS PORT4.<#h#i.> ,:5 ! ,5GLI% /OPP$ US+ PRIVATE]S 9 ! #a#f#hS1 ! BUCCANE] COMMUNITY CAME TO AN 5D4 ,?IS DID NOT /OP ! 0MU%ROOM GR[?0 ( ,PORT ,ROYAL1 ?\<1 :I* 0IMM$IATELY BE=E ! E>?QUAKE ?AT DE/ROY$ IT 9 ,JUNE #a#f#i#b444WAS NE>LY TWICE AS L>GE AS ,NEW ,YORK AT ! SAME P]IOD40.<#h#i#a.> ,MANY SAW ! E>?QUAKE ITSELF AS A K9D ( DIV9E 9T]V5TION1 S9CE ,PORT ,ROYAL HAD A 0HELL-RAIS+ REPUTATION03.<#h#i#b.> 0,IT WAS1 ACCORD+ TO ONE RI ,PORT ,ROYAL HAS FUR!R BE5 DESCRIB$ AS ! 0! WICK$E/ T[N 9 ,AM]ICA10.<#h#i#d.> 0! MO/ CORRUPT & DEBAU*$ T[N 9 ALL ,HIS ,MAJE/Y'S DOM9IONS10.<#h#i#e.> 0! ,GOMORRAH ( ! TIMES10.<#h#i#f.> & 0! RECEPTACLE ( VAGABONDS1 ! SANCTU>Y ( BANKRUPTS1 & A CLOSE-/OOL = ! PURGES ( \R PRISONS40.<#h#i#g.> ,SOME:AT MORE 9=MATIVE IS ( ,NEVILLE ,WILLIAMS' DESCRIPTION3 ,PORT ,ROYAL DEVELOP$ V]Y RAPIDLY AS A BLE>Y-EY$ T[N ( UNA%AM$ DEBAU*]Y1 :]E SEAM5 ( EV]Y RANK SEEM$ ONLY TOO HAPPY TO BE P>T$ FROM !IR MONEY4 ,!RE W]E MORE DRAM %OPS !RE ?AN 9 ,LONDON1 ALMO/ AS MANY BRO!LS AS 9 ,P>IS & MORE SUDD5 DEA?S ?AN 9 ! :OLE ( ,SCOTL&4 ,! M5 :O SAIL$ 9TO ,PORT ,ROYAL AFT] ONLY A MOD]ATELY SUCCESSFUL CRUISE = PLUND] ?REW !IR MONEY AB\T ) 9CR$IBLE PRODIGALITY4.<#h#i#h.> ,BAY ( ,CAMPE*E_/,BAY ( ,HONDURAS ,! ,BAYS ( ,CAMPE*E & ,HONDURAS DEVELOP$ 9TO ! C5T] ( ! ,5GLI% LOGWOOD CUT]S 9 ! #a#f#gS4 ,! LOGWOOD CUT]S W]E TITN]S4 ,MANY ( ! LOGWOOD CUT]S W]E EX- OR P>T-TIME BUCCANE]S !MSELVES4 ,LOGWOOD WAS US$ = DY+ CLO!S1 & ! CUT]S--ALL 9 ALL NO MORE ?AN 0#b#f TO #bg M50 9 ,DAMPI]'S E/IMATION.<#h#i#i.>--MADE GOOD MONEY LIV+ 9 CONDITIONS SIMIL> TO ?OSE ( ! E>LY BUCCANE]S ON ,HISPANIOLA3 0,! LOGWOOD CUT]S HAD A REPUTATION NOT UNLIKE ?AT ( ! ORIG9AL BUCCANE]S :O HUNT$ CATLE ON ! ISL& ( ,HISPANOLIA3 H>D M5 E>N+ A DIFFICULT LIV+ 9 PRIMITIVE CONDITIONS1 UNFET]$ BY ! CON/RA9TS ( CIVILIZ$ SOCIETY40.<#i.> ,9 FACT1 ! LOGWOOD CUT]S 5GAG$ 9 HUNT+ EXP$ITIONS ON ! SIDE--AS WE HAVE SE5 PREVI\SLY1 !Y ALSO 5GAG$ 9 RAIDS ON ,9DIAN COMMUNITIES4 ,NONE!LESS1 ,L9EBAU< & ,R$IK] HAVE CALL$ !M P>T ( 0A L&$ EXT5SION ( HYDR>*Y0 EX]CIS+ A K9D ( 0PRIMITIVE COMMUNISM40.<#i#a.> ,GIV5 ! FACT ?AT WE HAVE H>DLY ANY DOCUM5TATION ( LIFE 9 !SE COMMUNITIES O!R ?AN ! NOTES TAK5 BY ,DAMPI]1 :I* SKET* A T\< MALE FRONTI] SOCIETY1 ?IS APPE>S SOME:AT IDEALI/IC4.<#i#b.> ,NEW ,PROVID5CE ,= TWO %ORT YE>S1 FROM #agaf TO #a#g#a#h1 ! ISL& ( ,NEW ,PROVID5CE 9 ! ,BAHAMAS BECAME1 9 ! WORDS ( ONE HI/ORIAN1 0! PIRATE CAPITAL ( ! ,NEW ,WORLD40.<#i#c.> ,! ISL& HAD ALREADY S]V$ AS A PIRATE BASE 9 ! #a#f#iS1 BUT IT WAS ONLY ) ! REEM]G5CE ( PIRACY 9 #agac 7AFT] ! 5D ( ! ,W> ( ! ,SPANI% ,SUCCESSION7 ?AT PIRATE CREWS />T$ FLOCK+ 5 MASSE TO :AT WAS P]CEIV$ TO BE A P]FECT PIRATE HAV54 ,!RE !Y CREAT$1 DEP5D+ ON :I* FANCIFUL PHRASE WE PREF]1 A 0NE/ ( PIRATES10.<#i#d.> A 0COLONY ( ROGUES10.<#i#e.> A 0R\<-&-READY REPUBLIC10.<#i#f.> OR AN 0\TLAW /ATE40.<#i#g.> ,9 ,/EPH5 ,SNELD]S' E/IMATION1 0BETWE5 #agaf & #a#g#a#h444 ! PIRATE BRO!RHOOD WAS NUM]ICALLY AS /RONG AS ! OLD ,BRO!RHOOD ( ! ,COA/ HAD BE540.<#i#h.> ,NEVILLE ,WILLIAMS WRITES ?AT 0)9 A FEW MON?S ?IS ',PIRATE ,REPUBLIC' BOA/$ A POPULATION ( SOME #b1 DESP]ATE M54 ,NEW ,PROVID5CE WAS BO? A RETREAT = \TLAWS1 :]E %IPS C\LD C>E5 & WAT] 9 SAFETY1 & A FIR/-CLASS OP]ATIONAL BASE40.<#i#i.> ,DAVID ,F4 ,M>LEY EXPLA9S :Y ,NEW ,PROVID5CE MADE SU* A =MIDABLE PIRATE BASE3 0,ITS H>BOR WAS TOO %ALL[ & TRICKY = HEAVY M5-(-W> TO 5T] EASILY1 :ILE ! SURR\ND+ HILLS AF=D$ EXCELL5T VANTAGE PO9TS = ESPY+ PASS+ %IPS4 ,FUR!RMORE1 ! ISL&'S REEFS TEEM$ ) LOB/]1 FI% & TURTLE1 & ! WELL-WOOD$ 9T]IOR FEATUR$ FRE%-WAT] SPR+S & AN ABUNDANCE ( FRUIT & GAME40.<#i#a.> ,9 ! L(TY WORDS ( ,D\GLAS ,BOT+1 ,NEW ,PROVID5CE WAS 0! MO/ FELICIT\S HAV5 ?AT EV] MET ! SQU9T+ GAZE ( AN \TLAW SEAMAN40 ,BESIDES1 0!RE WAS NO LAW 9 ,NASSAU EXCEPT ?AT ( ! FI/ & CUTLASS4444 ,9 ?AT P>T A PIRATE FELT TRULY UNFETT]$2 HE WAS CUT FROM ! MOOR+S ( SOCIAL CON/RA9T40.<#i#a#a.> ,ACCORD+ TO ,J5IF] ,G4 ,M>X1 0:ORES & \TCA/S1 MANGY DOGS1 & MUL-TIPLY+ RATS ADD$ TO ! FLUCTUAT+ POPULATION4 ,M]*ANTS & TRAD]S W]E DRAWN TO ! SETLEM5T4 ,TEY CAT]$ TO ! \TLAWS' NE$S & PUR*AS$ !IR PLUND]1 MU* IF :I* WAS SMUGGL$ TO ! COLONIES = RESALE40.<#i#a#b.> ,A GRAPHIC ILLU/RATION1 WOR? QUOT+ AT L5G?1 ALSO COMES FROM ,FRANK ,%]RY3 ,! T[N ( ,NASSAU1 ONCE A TORPID WAT]SIDE HAMLET1 HAD BY #agaf BECOME ! CAPITAL CITY ( ! REBORN PIRATE CONF$]ACY4 ,NASSAU REFLECT$ BO? ! VALUES & ! /YLE ( ! BRIG&S :O MADE IT !IR HEADQU>T]S3 IMP]MAN5T1 LIC5TI\S1 & *AOTIC4 ,A *ANTY- T[N--A ZANY COLLECTION ( /ORES1 %ACKS1 :OREH\SES1 & SALOONS1 COBBL$ TOGE!R FROM DRIFWOOD & CANVAS ) PALM ?AT* = RO(S--/RET*$ 9 A HALF CIRCLE ALONG ! S&Y %ORE ( ! H>BOR4 ,! WRECKAGE ( CAPTUR$ PRIZES LAY ROT+ ON ! BEA*1 !IR RIBS EXPOS$ LIKE LONG-DEAD C>CASSES4 ,DOZ5S ( VESSELS--PIRATE SLOOPS & CAPTUR$ M]*ANTS--CR[D$ ! H>BOR1 !IR MA/S LOOK$ LIKE A LEAFLESS =E/ FROM ! %ORE4 ,9 ?IS PLACE1 !IR [N CRAZY METROPOLIS1 ! PIRATES ( ! WE/]N WORLD DRANK1 >GU$ AMONG !MSELVES1 GAMBL$ AWAY =TUNES1 PAID 9 /OL5 CO9 = ! BODIES ( ! PRO/ITUTES :O FLOCK$ TO ! T[N1 & LIV$ 9 AN UPRO>I\S PRES5T UNTIL !IR CO9 WAS GONE & !Y HAD TO GO TO SEA ONCE MORE4 ,IT WAS SAID ?AT ! /5* FROM ,NASSAU--A COMB9ATION ( ROA/+ MEAT1 SMOKE1 HUMAN (FAL1 RUM1 UNWA%$ BODIES1 & ROT+ G>BAGE1 ALL /EW+ TOGE!R UND] ! TROPICAL SUN--C\LD BE DETECT$ F> \T TO SEA1 LONG BE=E ! ISL& ITSELF WAS VISIBLE4 ,NEW ,PROVID5CE & ITS WILD H>BOR T[N W]E 9 MANY WAYS A PIRATE HEAV5 AS WELL AS A PIRATE HAV54 ,FREE FROM ALL LAWS O!R ?AN ! LAWS ( PIRACY1 IT MADE AVAILABLE ALL ! R\< JOYS ?AT ! \TLAW BRO!RHOOD HELD DE>4.<#i#a#c.> ,AS F> AS !SE 0LAWS ( PIRACY0 >E CONC]N$1 IT HAS BE5 SUGGE/$ ?AT ! ISL& WAS 0RUL$ BY A C\NCIL ( CAPTA9S & QU>T]MA/]S1 JU/ AS IF IT HAD BE5 A V]Y L>GE PIRATE %IP10.<#i#a#d.> BUT !RE SEEMS LITLE EVID5CE = SU* A LEVEL ( ORGANIZATION4 ,AS F> AS ! REF]5CE TO ,NEW ,PROVID5CE AS A 0PIRATE HEAV50 GOES1 ! IMAGE APP>5TLY DID 9DE$ 5T] ! PIRATES' [N MY?OLOGY3 0,IT WAS SAID ?AT EV]Y PIRATE'S WI% WAS TO F9D HIMSELF NOT 9 HEAV5 AFT] DEA? BUT BACK ON ?AT ISL& P>ADISE :]E ! RE/+ ROV]S C\LD LAZE 9 !IR HAMMOCKS B5EA? ! PALMS1 SW++ G5TLY 9 ! FANN+ BREEZES4 ,!RE W]E :ORES APL5TY1 CONT9U\S GAMBL+1 ! CAM>AD]IE ( FELL[ ROV]S1 & UNLIMIT$ DR9K40.<#i#a#e.> ,SOME HI/ORIANS *ALL5GE ! NOTION ( A PIRATE P>ADISE1 H[EV]4 ,NEVILLE ,WILLIAMS WRITES3 ,!RE WAS LITLE ROMANCE AB\T ! PIRATE'S LIFE A%ORE = ! BASE ON ,NEW ,PROVID5CE DEVELOP$ AS A FI5DI% *ANTY T[N TO :I* ONLY ,HOG>? C\LD HAVE DONE JU/ICE4 ,! M5 W]E SP5D?RIF1 & MO/ %>ES W]E FRIT]$ AWAY ON LIQUOR & ON HALF-BR$ WOM52 ! IDEA ( BURI$ TREASURE IS A MY?1 = ! DRAM %OPS & ! BRO!LS TOOK EV]Y AVAILABLE PIECE ( EI ,DAVID ,MIT*ELL'S JUDGM5T IS SIMIL>3 0,NASSAU WAS A *ANTY T[N ( DRIFTWOOD & PALM FRONDS & OLD SAILS DRAP$ OV] SP>S TO MAKE T5TS4444,EV]Y O!R HOVEL WAS A GROG %OP OR A BRO!L ) ,NEGRO & MULATO PRO/ITUTES4444,! G5]AL ATMOSPH]E RESEMBL$ ?AT ( ,HOG>?'S ,G9 ,LANE 9 BALMY CLIMATE1 OR ( A RESURRECT$ & EV5 SLEAZI] ,PORT ,ROYAL40.<#i#a#g.> ,= A MORE DIPLOMATIC DESCRIPTION WE MAY F9ALLY QUOTE ,PAUL ,GALV93 ,! PIRATICAL FRAT]NITY ( ,NEW ,PROVID5CE444HAS (T5 BE5 PA9T$ 7ONE MI-UTOPIAN1 ULTRA-DEMOCRATIC OR AN>*I/IC HAV53 A BRUTI% YET NOBLE ',PIRATE ,REPUBLIC'444,!RE IS AN ELEM5T ( TRU? TO ?IS MY?1 BUT ! REALITY ( ! PIRATES' SETLEM5T WAS PROBABLY CLOS] TO ,WOODBURY'S 'M>9E HOBO JUNGLE444 A PLACE ( TEMPOR>Y SOJ\RN & REFRE%M5T = A LIT]ALLY FLOAT+ POPULATION4'.<#i#a#h.> ,! PIRATE HOLD OV] ! ISL& 5D$ 9 #agah ) ! >RIVAL ( ,GOV]NOR ,WOODES ,ROG]S4 ,MADAGASC> ,PROBABLY NONE ( ! PIRATE /RON1 :I* DEVELOP$ 9TO A C5TRAL BASE = ,AM]ICAN & ,C>IBBEAN PIRATES 9 CONNECTION ) !IR EXCURSIONS 9TO ! ,9DIAN ,OCEAN4 ,MO/ SIGNIFICANTLY1 ,ADAM ,BALDRIDGE1 A =M] BUCCANE]1 E/ABLI%$ A TRAD+ PO/ AT ! ISL& ( ,/4 ,M>Y'S ON ,MADAGASC>'S NOR!A/ COA/ 9 #a#f#i#a4 ,BALDRIDGE'S PO/ SOON S]V$ BO? PIRATES & SLAVE TRAD]S4 ,A SIMIL> PO/ WAS E/ABLI%$ A FEW YE>S LAT] BY ,ABRAHAM ,SAMUEL ON ! S\!RN TIP ( ,MADAGASC> AT ,=T ,DAUPH94 ,/4 ,M>Y'S REMA9$ ! C5T] ( ! PIRATE COMMUNITY1 ?\<1 & ,DAVID ,F4 ,M>LEY SUGGE/S ?AT 9 ! LATE #a#f#iS IT WAS 9HABIT$ BY >\ND #a1#e ,EUROPEANS4.<#i#a#i.> ,CORD+LY & ,FALCON]'S E/IMATE IS MORE CONS]VATIVE2 ACCORD+ TO !M1 NO MORE ?AN SEV]AL HUNDR$ PIRATES SETL$ ON ,MADAGASC> AT ANY ONE TIME4.<#i#b.> ,PET] ,E>LE CONCURS3 0,AFT] #a#f#i#e1 ! MO/ PIRATE-9FE/$ YE>1 !RE W]E SELDOM MORE ?AN SIX PIRATE %IPS OP]AT+ 9 ! ,9DIAN ,OCEAN & SOME SIX OR SEV5 HUNDR$ M5 9 !IR CREWS OR 5JOY+ !MSELVES SOME:]E A%ORE1 BUT !SE M5 MADE A GREAT NOISE 9 ! WORLD40.<#i#b#a.> ,! REASONS = ! AT5TION ! ,MADAGASCAN PIRATES RECEIV$ DESPITE !IR RA!R MODE/ NUMB]S W]E1 ACCORD+ TO ,CORD+LY & ,FALCON]1 ! FOLL[+3 ,! MY/]Y ( ! ISL& 7LITLE-KN[N DESPITE ITS SIZE71 ITS EXOTIC REPUTATION & ! ABS5CE ( O!R ,EUROPEAN SETL]S CAUS$ IT TO BE SE5 AS A 'PIRATE ISL&' 9 ! POPUL> IMAG9ATION4 ,SOON /ORIES ( PIRATE *IEFS LIV+ 9 TROPICAL SPL5DOR & RUL+ :OLE TRIBES ( NATIVES BEGAN TO FILT] BACK TO ,EUROPE1 5D[+ ! PIRATES ) A LIFE/YLE & RI*ES FEW ( !M CAN HAVE KN[N4.<#i#b#b.> ,! /ORIES W]E IMPRESSIVE 5\< TO WORRY ! ,5GLI% AU?ORITIES :O1 9 #a#g#d1 RELEAS$ A P>LIAM5T>Y W>N+ ?AT IF ! ,MADAGASC> PIRATES' 0NUMB]S %\LD BE 9CREAS$1 !Y MAY =M !MSELVES 9TO A SETTLEM5T ( ROBB]S1 AS PREJUDICIAL TO TRADE AS ANY ON ! ,COA/ ( ,AFRICA @& %\LD BE 5TIC$ TO COME HOME = LOVE ( C\NTRY1 O!RWISE *ILDR5 WILL BE '=EIGN ,5GLI%4'0.<#i#b#c.> ,9 REALITY1 ,/4 ,M>Y'S1 EV5 9 ITS HEYDAY1 0HAD A %IF+ POPULATION1 ! FAIRLY SMALL NUMB]S ( PIRATES :O HAD SETL$ !RE P]MAN5TLY1 RE/+ BETWE5 VOYAGES OR WAIT+ = A PASSAGE HOME1 BE+ 9CREAS$ DRAMATICALLY :5 ONE OR MORE ( ! PIRATE %IPS CAME 9 FROM A CRUISE40.<#i#b#d.> ,9 ,ROB]T ,C4 ,RIT*IE'S WORDS1 0! PIRATE SETLEM5T ON ! ISL& WAS BY ALL ACC\NTS A RAM%ACKLE AFFAIR4 ,IT CONSI/$ ( A FEW H\SES1 A L[ PALISADE1 & A C\PLE ( CANNON40.<#i#b#e.> ,NONE!LESS1 SOME AU?ORS ON PIRATE HI/ORY1 MO/ NOTABLY ,FRANK ,%]RY1 CONT9UE ! ,MADAGASC> ROMANTICISM DEEP 9TO ! #b? C5TURY4 ,%]RY DECL>ES ?AT 09 ! LATE SEV5TE5? & E>LY EI?3 ! PIRATE BRO!RHOOD =G$ 9 ,MADAGASC>40.<#i#b#f.> ,HE ALSO CALLS ! COMMUNITY A 0M>ITIME /ATE0 ) 0=M$ FLEETS0.<#i#b#g.> & SOME?+ 0NEW 9 ! EXP]I5CE ( ! WORLD3 9T]NATIONAL 9 SCOPE1 WELL F9ANC$1 NUM]\S1 9DEP5D5T1 & APP>5TLY P[]FUL40.<#i#b#h.> ,P[]FUL1 MAYBE4 ,BUT 9 :AT WAY8 ,IF ! ,MADAGASCAN PIRATES' DOCUM5T$ 9VOLVEM5T 9 ! SLAVE TRADE ALONE DOES NOT CLE> ! ROMANTIC MI/ SURR\ND+ !M1 !N P]HAPS ! FOLL[+ L5G?Y PASSAGE FROM ! ,G5]AL ,HI/ORY 9 :I* ,CAPTA9 ,JOHNSON DESCRIBES ! LIFE ( !SE 0SOV]EIGN PR9CES AMONG ! 9HABITANTS0 ?US3.<#i#b#i.> ,:5 \R PIRATES FIR/ SETL$ AMONG !M1 !IR ALLIANCE WAS MU* C\RT$ BY . PR9CES1 SO !Y SOMETIMES JO9$ ONE1 SOMETIMES ANO!R4 ,BUT :]ESOEV] !Y SID$1 !Y W]E SURE TO BE VICTORI\S2 = ! NEGROES H]E HAD NO FIRE>MS1 NOR DID !Y UND]/& !IR USE4 ,SO ?AT AT L5G? !SE PIRATES BECAME SO T]RIBLE TO ! NEGROES1 ?AT IF TWO OR ?REE ( !M W]E ONLY SE5 ON ONE SIDE1 :5 !Y W]E GO+ TO 5GAGE1 ! OPPOSITE SIDE W\LD FLY )\T /RIK+ A BL[4 ,BY !SE MEANS !Y NOT ONLY BECAME FE>$1 BUT P[]FUL2 ALL ! PRISON]S ( W>1 !Y TOOK TO BE !IR SLAVES2 !Y M>RI$ ! MO/ BEAUTIFUL ( ! NEGRO WOM51 NOT ONE OR TWO1 BUT AS MANY AS !Y LIK$1 SO ?AT EV]Y ONE ( !M HAS AS GREAT A S]AGLIO AS ! ,GR& ,SEIGNIOR AT ,CON/ANT9OPLE4 ,!IR SLAVES !Y EMPLOY$ 9 PLANT+ RICE1 9 FI%+1 & HUNT+1 ETC42 BESIDES :I*1 !Y HAD ABUNDANCE ( O!RS1 :O LIV$1 AS IT W]E1 UND] !IR PROTECTION1 & TO BE SECURE FROM ! DI/URBANCES OR ATACKS ( !IR P[]FUL NEIATE PR9CE2 & AS P[] & PL5TY NATURALLY BEGET CONT5TION1 !Y SOMETIMES QU>REL$ ) ONE ANO!R & ATACK$ EA* O!R AT ! HEAD ( !IR SEV]AL >MIES2 & 9 !SE CIVIL W>S1 MANY ( !M W]E KILL$4444 ,IF P[] & COMM& BE ! ?+ :I* DI/+UI% A PR9CE1 !SE RUFFIANS HAD ALL ! M>KS ( ROYALTY AB\T !M1 NAY MORE1 !Y HAD ! V]Y FE>S :I* COMMONLY DI/URB TYRANTS1 AS MAY BE SE5 BY ! EXTREME CAUTION !Y TOOK 9 =TIFY+ ! PLACES :]E !Y DWELT4.<#i#c.> ,IF ,JOHNSON CAN BE TRU/$ H]E1 !SE L9ES MU/ RES\ND+LY %ATT] ANY ROMANTIC IMAGE ( A TRUE DEMOCRACY1 EV5 = ?OSE TURN+ A BL9D EYE TO ! SLAVE TRADE4 ,IT %\LD ALSO R5D] IT ( LITLE SURPRISE ?AT ,BALDRIDGE'S PO/ WAS EV5TUALLY RAZ$ BY AN ATACK ( ,MADAGASCAN NATIVES4 ,IT WAS SOON REPLAC$ BY A NEW PO/ UND] ! ADM9I/RATION ( ONE ,$W>D ,WEL%--IT BECAME NEI!R AS SUCCESSFUL NOR AS LEG5D>Y AS ,BALDRIDGE'S4.<#i#c#a.> ,! FOLL[+ DESCRIPTION ( ! DAILY R\T9E ON ,/4 ,M>Y'S PROBABLY DESCRIBES :ATEV] FRE$OM ! PIRATES HAD ON ! ISL& MU* BET] ?AN ANY TALK AB\T DEMOCRACIES & REPUBLICS3 0,LIFE 9 ?IS EXOTIC PIRATE SETTLEM5T APPE>S TO HAVE BE5 PLEASANT 5\< )1 SAD TO SAY1 SLAVES TO WAIT ON ! FRE$OM-LOV+ PIRATES1 PL5TY ( WOM51 LOCALLY PRODUC$ BEEF & RICE TO EAT1 & DR9K FROM ! SLAV]S' /ORE OR FROM ! NATIVES :O F]M5T$ HONEY & SUG> TO PRODUCE A P[]FUL =M ( MEAD CALL$ TOKE40.<#i#c#b.> ,! SIGNIFICANCE ( ,MADAGASC> AS A PIRATE HAUNT WAN$ ) ! OV]ALL RECESS 9 PIRACY CAUS$ BY ! PRIVATE]+ BOOM DUR+ ! ,SPANI% ,W> ( ,SECESSION 7#a#g#a-#a#g#a#c74 ,CORD+LY & ,FALCON] SUMM>IZE3 ,:5 ! ,5GLI% PRIVATE] ,WOODES ,ROG]S WAS AT ! ,CAPE 9 #agaa HE WAS TOLD BY TWO EX-PIRATES :O HAD SP5T SOME YE>S 9 ,MADAGASC> ?AT ONLY #f TO #g PIRATES REMA9$1 & ?AT !Y1 F> FROM REIGN+ AS K+S 9 TROPICAL P>ADISE1 LIV$ 9 SQUALOR & DI/RESS1 'MO/ ( !M V]Y POOR & DESPICABLE1 EV5 TO ! NATIVES4' ,9 #agai ! ,EA/ ,9DIAMAN ,/ ,GEORGE VISIT$ ,/4 ,M>Y'S1 & F\ND ! DISPIRIT$ REMNANTS ( ! PIRATE ,JOHN ,HALSEY'S COMPANY1 SOME #ag M5 WORN D[N BY ! T$IUM ( EXILE1 :O 'WANT$ BUT ONE HIT MORE & !N TO GO HOME1 = !Y W]E AWE>Y ( !IR C\RSE ( LIFE4'.<#i#c#c.> ,>\ND #a#g#b1 AS A BELAT$ CONSEQU5CE ( ! NEW RISE ( PIRACY 9 ! ,C>IBBEAN1 ! DEFEAT ( ,NEW ,PROVID5CE AS A PIRATE HEADQU>T]S1 & ! OV]ALL 9CREAS+ P]SECUTION ( PIRACY 9 ! ,WE/ ,9DIES1 ,MADAGASC> ONCE AGA9 BECAME A C5T] ( ! TRADE4 ,IT WAS DUR+ ?IS TIME ?AT ,JAMES ,PLANTA9 F\ND$ HIS 0K+DOM0 AT ! 9FAM\SLY NAM$ 0,RANT] ,BAY0 7NOT F> FROM ,/4 ,M>Y'S ,ISL&74 ,H[EV]1 ?IS SECOND BOOM WAS OV] )9 A FEW YE>S1 & ,MADAGASC> NEV] REGA9$ ! REPUTATION AS A PIRATE P>ADISE ?AT IT HAD HELD 9 ! #a#f#iS4 ,WE/ ,AFICA ,! WE/ COA/ ( ,AFRICA WAS ! LA/ ADDITION TO ! LI/ ( PROM95T GOLD5 AGE PIRATE HUNT+ GR\NDS1 MA9LY DUE TO ! LUCRATIVE SLAVE TRADE ?AT EVOLV$ ALONG ITS %ORES4 ,DESPITE RUMORS AB\T !IR ALLEG$ EXI/5CE1 NO KN[N PIRATE SETLEM5T AK9 TO ,NEW ,PROVID5CE OR ,/4 ,M>Y'S WAS EV] E/ABLI%$ 9 ,WE/ ,AFRICA4 ,PIRATES HAD SAFE HAV5S BUT ?OSE APPE> TO HAVE BE5 SMALL ILLEGAL TRAD+ PO/S ?AT NEV] HAD MORE ?AN A DOZ5 P]MAN5T 9HABITANTS & A MAXIMUM ( TWO OR ?REE PIRATE %IPS VISIT+ AT ! SAME TIME4 ,COMP>$ TO ! ,C>IBBEAN & ! ,9DIAN ,OCEAN1 RELATIVELY FEW PIRATES OP]AT$ H]E1 & !Y DID SO USUALLY 5 R\TE BETWE5 ! ,C>IBBEAN & ,MADAGASC>4 ,ONLY ,B>?OLOMEW ,ROB]TS' CREW SEEM$ TO 5JOY A LONG] /9T 9 ! REGION 9 #a#g#b#a_/#b#b1 BE=E BE+ CAPTUR$ (F MOD]N-DAY ,GABON4 ,! MO/ IMPORTANT ( ! M5TION$ TRAD+ PO/S WAS ! ONE AT ! M\? ( ! ,SI]RA ,LEONE ,RIV]4 ,IT IS ALSO ! ONE USUALLY S]V+ AS ! ONLY EXAMPLE = ALLEG$ ,WE/ ,AFRICAN PIRATE SETLEM5TS4 ,! =?RI SEEMS MORE CONV9C+1 H[EV]1 ?AN ! CLAIM ?AT IT CON/ITUT$ A 0PIRATE /RONIAN URGE444 TOOK L&$ =M40.<#i#c#e.> ,IF IT IS TRUE ?AT1 AS ,PET] ,LAMBORN ,WILSON >GUES1 0PIRATES' ACTIVITIES ON L& 7PIRATE UTOPIAS OR TEMPOR>Y AUTONOM\S ZONES7 %\LD BE CONSID]$ JU/ AS SIGNIFICANT AS !IR ACTIVITIES AT SEA10.<#i#c#f.> !N ,HE9] ,TRE95'S JUDGM5T IS NOT TOO 5C\RAG+3 ,! HI/ORY ( ! P>ASITIC RADICAL DEMOCRACY ( ! ,C>IBBEAN 5DS ) ! PIRATES LEAV+ !IR %IPS4 ,NO CASE ( A SUCCESSFUL COMMUNITY E/ABLI%$ BY PIRATES ON L& HAS EV] BE5 KN[N4 ,?IS IS NOT SELF-EXPLANATORY4 ,ATEMPTS HAVE BE5 MADE4444,H[EV]1 ! PURPOSE ( !SE HAS H>DLY EV] BE5 TO E/ABLI% AN>*I/ COMMUNITIES2 USUALLY1 ! ON-L& PIRATE COMMUNITIES W]E F\ND$ BECAUSE PIRATES C\LD NOT RETURN TO !IR HOME C\NTRIES4 ,! ONE ?+ ?AT ALL ! ATEMPTS %>$ WAS ?AT !Y ALL DISSOLV$ V]Y QUICKLY--IF !Y W]E ABLE TO AVOID VIOL5T 9T]NAL CONFLICT4 ,EV5 ?\< LITLE \TSIDE PRESSURE WAS PUT ON !SE COMMUNITIES1 !Y W]E NEV] ABLE TO TURN 9TO FUNCTION+ AN>*IC SOCIETIES4.<#i#c#g.> ,TRE95'S P]SPECTIVE WILL DEF9ITELY S\ND TOO NEGATIVE = ?OSE :O 9SI/ ?AT PIRATES W]E--AT LEA/ ON OCCASION--ABLE TO 0C>RY OV]444 ! DEMOCRATIC ORGANIZATION TO :I* !Y HAD BECOME ACCU/OM$ ABO>D %IP40.<#i#c#h.> ,BE ?AT AS IT MAY1 :AT APPE>S H>D TO *ALL5GE 9 ,TRE95'S ANALYSIS IS ?AT WE KN[ ( NO ON-L& PIRATE SETLEM5T ?AT PREVAIL$4 #d4#a4 0,PIRATICAL ,IMP]IALISM10 ,HYPOCRISY1 & ! ,M]*ANTS' ,WRA?3 ,PIRACY & ,CAPITALISM ,TURN+ 9TO A DOM9ANT =CE 9 WORLD HI/ORY 9 ! #a#g? C5TURY1 CAPITALISM1 ALONG ) ITS DEM&S & ITS LOGIC1 PLAY$ A DECISIVE P>T 9 ! RISE & FALL ( GOLD5 AGE PIRACY4 ,NEVILLE ,WILLIAMS SEES PIRACY 09T]WOV5--LIKE ROGUE'S Y>N 9 A DOCKY>D HAWS]--)444 COMM]CIAL 9T]E/S40.<#i#c#i.> ,FRANKL9 ,W4 ,KNI ,O!R AU?ORS SPEAK ( A 0PIRATICAL IMP]IALISM10 A POLICY ACCORD+ TO :I* 0MANY GOV]NM5TS SUPPORT$ OR AT LEA/ CONDON$ PIRACY COMMIT$ BY !IR [N SUBJECTS1 SEE+ IT AS A *EAP & EFFECTIVE WAY ( ADVANC+ TRADE & EMPIRE40.<#i#d#a.> ,*RIS ,L& DESCRIBES ! ROLE ( ! PRIVATE]+ BUCCANE]S 9 DETAIL3 ,PRIVATE]S W]E G5]ALLY COMMISSION$ BY A HEAD ( /ATE TO DISRUPT ! TRADE ( HO/ILE NATIONS & SEEK PLUND] & WEAL? = ! CR[N4 ,!Y W]E AG5TS ( A =M ( PRIMITIVE ACCUMULATION444BAS$ UPON ! MON>*IC /ATE4 ,AS ,JACQUES ,GEL9AS444HAS NOT$1 ?IS P]IOD WAS CRUCIAL TO ! MONETIZATION ( ! ,EUROPEAN ECONOMY & ! 5D ( B>T]1 P>TICUL>LY ! EXPLOITATION ( ,AZTEC & ,9CA GOLD & SILV] FROM ,S\? ,AM]ICA4 ,)\T MONETIZATION ! COMMODITY =M C\LD NOT HAVE BECOME G5]ALIZ$ & 9DU/RIAL CAPITALISM AS WE KN[ IT C\LD NOT HAVE DEVELOP$4 ,! PRIVATE]S W]E 9DISP5SABLE TO ! EV5TUAL DEVELOPM5T ( 9DU/RIAL CAPITALISM 9 ,5GL&4.<#i#d#b.> ,?IS WAS NOT ONLY TRUE = ,5GL& & ITS ,EUROPEAN RIVALS1 BUT = ! ,AM]ICAS & ! ,C>IBBEAN1 TOO4 ,! BUCCANE]S PROV$ ESS5TIAL 9 A TWO- /EP 9FILTRATION ( ! REGION BY ,EUROPEAN P[]S COMPET+ ) ! ,SPANI%4 ,FIR/1 ! BUCCANE]S 0DE/ABILIZ$ ! ,SPANI% COLONIAL SY/EM & MADE IT POSSIBLE = O!R NATIONS TO GA9 A FOO?OLD 9 ! ,WE/]N ,HEMISPH]E40.<#i#d#c.> ,SECONDLY1 ONCE !SE P[]S W]E E/ABLI%$1 !Y FACILITAT$ 0A CRUDE =M ( IMP]IAL REV5UE-%>+40.<#i#d#d.> ,COLONIES /RUGGL+ TO GET A /RONG LEGAL ECONOMY (F ! GR\ND WELCOM$ ! SEA ROBB]'S TRADE DEEP 9TO ! GOLD5 AGE4 0,! TWO COLONIES :I* HAD P]HAPS ! WOR/ REPUTATION = FAVOR+ PIRATES W]E ,C>OL9A & ,RHODE ,ISL&4 ,ONCE1 :5 A PRISON] WAS ACTUALLY FOOLI% 5\< TO PLEAD GUILTY TO PIRACY1 A ,RHODE ,ISL& JURY ASSUR$ ?AT !Y MU/ ( C\RSE HAVE MI%E>D HIM1 & ACQUIT$ NONE!LESS40.<#i#d#e.> ,JOHN ,FRANKL9 ,JAMESON /ATES ?AT ! PRIVATE]S' & PIRATES' 0ACTIVITIES HAD AN IMPORTANT 9FLU5CE ON ! DEVELOPM5T ( ,AM]ICAN COMM]CE0 & CALLS PRIVATE]+ 0ONE ( ! LEAD+ ,AM]ICAN 9DU/RIES0 DUR+ C]TA9 P]IODS 7= EXAMPLE ! ,AM]ICAN ,REVOLUTION74.<#i#d#f.> ,ONCE ! ,SPANI% DOM9ANCE OV] ! ,AM]ICAS WAS BROK5 & O!R COLONIAL P[]S & !IR COLONIES' ECONOMIES W]E WELL E/ABLI%$1 ! BUCCANE]S TURN$ FROM A USEFUL M]C5>Y =CE TO A NUISANCE & POT5TIAL DANG]4 ,ACCORD+ TO ,JANICE ,E4 ,TOMSON1 0COLONIAL SUPPORT = PIRACY BEGAN TO ]ODE 9 MID-#a#f#i#i0 BECAUSE 0BY ?AT TIME !RE W]E SO MANY PIRATES (F ! S\!A/ COA/ ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES ?AT !RE WAS NOT 5\< 'GLAM\R\S PLUND]' = ALL1 & !Y BEGAN SEIZ+ COLONIAL COMMODITIES1 LIKE TOBACCO40.<#i#d#g.> ,ANGUS ,KON/AM CONCLUDES ?AT 0:5 PIRACY BEGAN TO H9D] ! ECONOMIC DEVELOPM5T ( ! ,AM]ICAN COLONIES & CUT 9TO ! PR(IT M>G9S ( ,EUROPEAN M]*ANTS & 9VE/ORS1 ! CLIMATE *ANG$40.<#i#d#h.> ,= ,PET] ,E>LE1 0?IS *ANGE REFLECT$ A GR[+ BELIEF 9 M]CANTILE & %IPP+ CIRCLES ?AT PIRATICAL IMP]IALISM HAD S]V$ ITS PURPOSE & ?AT IT %\LD H5CE=? BE ! DUTY ( ! GOV]NM5T & ! NAVY TO ]ADICATE PIRACY & SO MAKE ! SEAS SAFE = TRADE & %IPP+40.<#i#d#i.> ,AS ,PET] ,E>LE ALSO PO9TS \T1 0! COLONI/S W\LD /ILL HAVE LIK$ TO BUY *EAP PIRAT$ GOODS1 BUT !IR GOV]NORS 9CREAS+LY W\LD NOT LET !M DO SO40.<#i#e.> ,EV5 ?\< !RE W]E EXCEPTIONS TO ?IS RULE--MO/ NOTABLY ,NOR? ,C>OL9A GOV]NOR ,*>LES ,$5 :O REMA9$ FRI5DLY ) ! PIRATES TILL ! LATE #a#g#aS--,E>LE'S OBS]VATION W\LD ALSO 9DICATE ?AT ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES HAD 9DE$ SYMPA?IZ]S AMONG ! 0COMMON FOLK0 9 ! ,C>IBBEAN & ! ,AM]ICAS & ?AT ?OSE MO/ AFRAID ( !M :]E ! ONES :O HAD RI*ES TO PROTECT4 ,IT WAS C]TA9LY ! RI* :O N[ W5T AFT] !M MO/ F]V5TLY1 AFT] HAV+ PR(IT$ FROM SEA ROBB]Y 9 ! ,C>IBBEAN & ! ,AM]ICAS = NE>LY A C5TURY4 ,V>I\S AU?ORS ON PIRACY HAVE %>$ !IR V]SION ( ! SITUATION4 ,ROB]T ,C4 ,RIT*IE3 0,9FANT ECONOMIES EV]Y:]E ON ! P]IPH]IES ( EMPIRE EAG]LY S\LY A C5TURY !Y PROVID$ SANCTU>Y40.<#i#e#a.> ,DAVID ,F4 ,M>LEY3 0,>\ND ! GLOBE1 ,EUROPE'S COLONIES W]E GR[+ 9CREAS+LY /ABLE & PROSP]\S1 & NO LONG] DEP5D5T UPON PRIVATE]S = !IR SECURITY4 ,9/EAD !Y N[ REG>D$ !SE AS AN IMP$IM5T TO GOOD TRADE1 & SO GRADUALLY ]ADICAT$ !M40.<#i#e#b.> ,FRANKL9 ,W4 ,KNIAUD+ BECAME POLITICALLY C\NT]PRODUCTIVE TO ! G5ESIS ( EXPLOITATION SOCIETIES BAS$ ON SLAVE-OP]AT$ PLANTATIONS & ORGANIZ$ 9T]NATIONAL COMM]CE40.<#i#e#c.> ,/EPH5 ,SNELD]S3 0,:5 M]*ANT CAPITALISM GREW MORE SETL$ 9 ! ,C>IBBEAN1 PIRATES BECAME A K9D ( AB]RATION1 A REM9D] ( ! E>LI] TIMES ( ORIG9AL ACCUMULATION ?AT WAS NO LONG] WELCOME40.<#i#e#d.> ,*RIS ,L&3 0,AS M]CANTILE CAPITALISM & A MORE OP5 =M ( TRADE BECAME ! DOM9ANT =M ( ACCUMULATION1 PIRACY BECAME MORE & MORE ( A H9DRANCE TO ! EFFECTIVE DEVELOPM5T ( WORLD TRADE & ! PIRATES CEAS$ TO BE POLITICALLY OR ECONOMICALLY USEFUL4 ,AS ,FRANCE1 ,5GL& & ,SPA9 5T]$ A P]IOD ( RELATIVE PEACE & S\ ,?IS IS REM9ISC5T ( ! FATE ( SOCIAL B&ITS1 AS EXPLA9$ BY ,HOBSBAWM3 0,) ECONOMIC DEVELOPM5T ! RI* & P[]FUL >E 9CREAS+LY LIKELY TO SEE B&ITS AS ?REATS TO PROP]TY TO BE /AMP$ \T1 RA!R ?AN AS ONE FACTOR AMONG O!RS 9 ! P[]-GAME4 ,UND] SU* CIRCUM/ANCES B&ITS BECOME P]MAN5T \TCA/S40.<#i#e#f.> ,PAUL ,GALV9 SUMM>IZES ! CORRESPOND+ CONSEQU5CES = ! BUCCANE]S3 0,:5 !IR B5EFACTORS CONSOLIDAT$ SUFFICI5T P[] & T]RITORY ON !IR [N1 ! BUCCANE]S HAD \TLIV$ !IR USEFULNESS4 ,TOSE :O C\LD NOT CON=M TO ! NEW COLONIAL E/ABLI%M5T--& !Y W]E MANY--EI!R REMOV$ TO ! \T] FRONTI]1 P]HAPS TRY+ !IR H& AT ! LOGWOOD TRADE1 OR /RUCK \T ON !IR [N ACC\NT AS FREEBOOT]S40.<#i#e#g.> ,! ,W> ( ! ,SPANI% ,SUCCESSION CAUS$ A LA/ DELAY 9 ! COMMON EF=T ( ! COLONIAL P[]S TO ]ASE GOLD5 AGE PIRACY AS IT 0QUICKLY DEVOLV$ 9TO A GLOBAL CONTE/ ( COMM]CIAL 9T]CEPTIONS & BLOCKADES40.<#i#e#h.> ,PRIVATE]S W]E NE$$1 &1 AS ALWAYS1 ! BORD]S TO 0\T-&-\T PIRACY0 W]E BLURR$4 ,ONCE ! W> WAS OV] & ! NE$ = PRIVATE]S HAD CEAS$1 ! AU?ORITIES ( ALL NATIONS UNIT$ 9 !IR N[ UNCOMPROMIS+ CAMPAIGN AGA9/ SEA ROBB]Y ?AT1 TO !M1 HAD TURN$ 9TO 0! T]ROR ( ! TRAD+ P>T ( ! WORLD40.<#i#e#i.> ,! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES' EFFECTIV5ESS 9 DISRUPT+ SOME ( ! WORLD'S MA9 TRADE R\TES SEEMS CONFIRM$ BY ,JAMAICAN GOV]NOR ,NI*OLAS ,L[ES :O WROTE TO ! ,5GLI% AU?ORITIES 9 #a#g#a#h3 0,!RE IS H>DLY ANY %IP OR VESSEL COM+ 9 OR \T GO+ \T ( ?IS ISL& ?AT IS NOT PLUND]$40.<#i#f.> ,ACCORD+ TO ,M>CUS ,R$IK]1 ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES 0PRACTIC$ 9DIRECT T]ROR AGA9/ ! [N]S ( M]CANTILE PROP]TY0.<#i#f#a.> & 0,ANGLO-,AM]ICAN PIRATES CREAT$ AN IMP]IAL CRISIS ) !IR REL5TLESS & SUCCESSFUL ATACKS UPON M]*ANTS' PROP]TY & 9T]NATIONAL COMM]CE BETWE5 #agaf & #a#g#b#f40.<#i#f#b.> ,DAVID ,F4 ,M>LEY ASS]TS ?AT ,B>?OLOMEW ,ROB]TS' CREW ALONE HAD 0BY ! SPR+ ( #a#g#b#a444NE>LY BR\ ,! S]I\SNESS ( !SE ACTIONS SEEMS CONFIRM$ BY ,CAPTA9 ,JOHNSON :O QUOTES A C\RT SPEE* DIRECT$ AT ! MEMB]S ( ,B>?OLOMEW ,ROB]TS' CREW DUR+ !IR TRIAL AT ,CAPE ,COA/ ,CA/LE3 0,TO A TRAD+ NATION NO?+ CAN BE SO DE/RUCTIVE AS PIRACY1 OR CALL = MORE EXEMPL>Y PUNI%M5T2 BESIDES1 ! NATIONAL REFLECTION IT 9F]S4 ,IT CUTS (F ! RETURNS ( 9DU/RY & ?OSE PL5TIFUL IMPORTATIONS ?AT ALONE CAN MAKE AN ISL& FL\RI%+2 & IT IS Y\R AGGRAVATION ?AT YE HAVE BE5 ! *IEFS & RUL]S 9 !SE LIC5TI\S & LAWLESS PRACTICES40.<#i#f#d.> ,! PIRATES NOT ONLY ROBB$--!Y ALSO DE/ROY$4 ,! EYE-WITNESS REPORT ( AN ATACK ON A M]*ANT %IP BY ,ROB]TS' CREW1 PUBLI%$ 9 ! ,BO/ON ,NEWS-,LETT] 9 #a#g#b1 READS LIKE ?IS3 ,! NEXT ?+ !Y DID WAS1 ) MADNESS & RAGE TO TORE UP ! HAT*ES1 5T] ! HOLD LIKE A P>CEL ( FURIES1 :]E ) AXES1 CUTLASSES1 ETC41 !Y CUT1 TORE & BROKE OP5 TRUNKS1 BOXES1 CASES & BALES1 & :5 ANY ( ! GOODS CAME UPON DECK :I* !Y DID NOT LIKE TO C>RY ) !M ABO>D !IR %IP1 9/EAD ( TOSS+ !M 9TO ! HOLD AGA9 !Y ?REW !M OV]BO>D 9TO ! SEA4.<#i#f#e.> ,PET] ,E>LE BELIEVES ?AT 0P]HAPS ABOVE ALL1 PIRATES LIK$ TO BURN %IPS = ! %E] JOY ( SEE+ !SE M]CANTILE SYMBOLS ( ! WORLD !Y HAD LEF BEH9D GO UP 9 FLAMES1 SU* 5T]TA9M5T BE+ EXPLA9$ BY ONE CAPTUR$ PIRATE :5 ASK$ :Y HE BURN$ %IPS :I* TURN'D TO NO ADVANTAGE AMONG 'EM4 ,! PRISON] LAU<$ & REPLI$ 'TWAS = FUN40.<#i#f#f.> ,ONCE AGA91 ?IS IS REM9ISC5T ( SOCIAL B&ITS3 ,PRIMITIVE4449SURG5TS HAVE NO POSITIVE PROGRAM1 ONLY ! NEGATIVE PROGRAM ( GET+ RID ( ! SUP]/RUCTURE :I* PREV5TS M5 FROM LIV+ WELL & DEAL+ FAIRLY1 AS 9 ! GOOD OLD DAYS4 ,TO KILL1 TO SLA%1 TO BURN AWAY EV]Y?+ ?AT IS NOT NECESS>Y & USEFUL TO ! MAN AT ! PL[ OR ) ! H]DSMAN'S CROOK1 IS TO ABOLI% CORRUPTION & LEAVE ONLY :AT IS GOOD1 PURE & NATURAL4 ,?US ! BRIG&- GU]RILLAS ( ! ,ITALIAN ,S\? DE/ROY$ NOT ONLY !IR 5EMIES & ! LEGAL DOCUM5TS ( BONDAGE1 BUT UNNECESS>Y RI*ES4 ,!IR SOCIAL JU/ICE WAS DE/RUCTION4.<#i#f#g.> ,IT IS NOT SURPRIS+ ?AT ! AU?ORITIES SOON EMPLOY$ ALL MEANS TO DE/ROY ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES' 0C\NT]CULTURE TO ! CIVILIZATION ( ,ATLANTIC CAPITALISM40.<#i#f#h.> ,PET] ,E>LE DESCRIBES ! SITUATION ?US3 ,H5CE=?1 ,5GLI% GOV]NM5TS W\LD BE COMMIT$ TO :AT HAS BE5 CALL$ BY ONE HI/ORIAN M]CANTILE IMP]IALISM1 'A GR& M>9E EMPIRE1' 9 :I* TRADE1 %IPP+ & ! EMPIRE ITSELF W\LD BE PROMOT$1 PROTECT$ & CONTROLL$ = ! B5EFIT ( M]*ANTS & GOV]NM5T ALIKE4 ,! /ATE W\LD PROVIDE PROTECTION = TRADE &1 9 RETURN1 W\LD RECEIVE A FL[ ( REV5UE FROM 9CREAS$ WEAL? & CU/OMS DUTIES & A POOL ( TRA9$ SAILORS TO FIS4 ,!RE WAS TO BE NO PLACE = PIRATES 9 ?IS NEW WORLD1 NO PLACE = 9DIVIDUALI/ M>AUD]S ON ! P]IPH]Y ( EMPIRE4 ,! /ATE W\LD HAVE A MONOPOLY ( VIOL5CE AT SEA1 ?R\< ITS NAVY AT ALL TIMES & ?R\< PRIVATE]S PROP]LY COMMISSION$ & POLIC$ 9 TIMES ( W>4 ,PIRATES W]E TO BE DE/ROY$1 NOT JU/ AS 5EMIES ( MANK9D BUT AS 5EMIES ( CAPITALISM & COMM]CIAL EXPANSION1 A NICE TURN- >\ND FROM ! POSITION ONLY A LITLE E>LI] 9 ,5GLI% HI/ORY :5 PIRACY HAD BE5 CONDON$ AS A PROMOT] ( ! EXPANSION ( TRADE4.<#i#f#i.> ,9 ! SUCC9CT SUMM>Y ( ! AU?ORS ( 0,PIRATE ,UTOPIAS10 0! PIRATES' W> ON TRADE HAD BECOME TOO SUCCESSFUL TO BE TOL]AT$40.<#i#g.> ,9 RESPONSE1 ! /ATE UNLEA%$ ITS [N W>--A W> ?AT SEEM$ TO CONFIRM ,DELEUZE & ,GUAT>I'S !ORY ?AT 0! FACTORS ?AT MAKE ,/ATE W> TOTAL W> >E CLOSELY CONNECT$ TO CAPITALISM40.<#i#g#a.> ,9DE$1 IT SEEMS ?AT RI WAS FUEL$ BY M]*ANTS' 9T]E/S4 ,M>CUS ,R$IK] TELLS US ?AT 0:5 TWO GR\PS ( M]*ANTS PETITION$ ,P>LIAM5T = RELIEF 9 E>LY #a#g#b#b1 AT ! V]Y PEAK ( ,ROB]TS' DEPR$ATIONS1 ! ,H\SE ( ,COMMONS ORD]$ AN IMM$IATE DRAF+ ( ANO!R BILL = ! SUPPRESSION ( PIRACY1 :I*1 ) ,ROB]T ,WALPOLE'S ASSI/ANCE1 WAS QUICKLY PASS$40.<#i#g#b.> ,R$IK] ADDS ?AT 0PIRATES N[ HAD TO BE EXT]M9AT$ 9 ORD] = ! NEW TRADE TO FL\RI%40.<#i#g#c.> ,! PIRATES' ODDS W]E T]RIBLE3 0,UNLIKE !IR BUCCANE] =EBE>S1 !Y 5JOY$ NO CLOAK ( LEGITIMACY FROM ANY GOV]NM5T444 & W]E !RE=E DOOM$ TO SWIF ]ADICATION40.<#i#g#d.> ,! GRIZZLY /ORY ( ! 0EXT]M9ATION CAMPAIGN0 ?AT BR\LI]4.<#i#g#e.> ,! \TCOME WAS ?AT 9 ! #a#g#bS1 0! LONG W> ( ATRITION AGA9/ SMUGGL]S & PIRATES WAS F9ALLY WON1 & ! SEAS W]E LEFT FREE = ,5GLI% M]*ANTS TO MAKE PR(ITS 940.<#i#g#f.> ,ONCE AGA9 IT IS TO ,M>CUS ,R$IK] ?AT WE [E A SPL5DID SUMM>Y--?IS TIME ( CAPITALISM'S ROLE 9 ELIM9AT+ :AT HAD TURN$ FROM A TACTICAL ALLY = EXPANSION 9TO ONE ( ITS WOR/ 5EMIES3 ,IF ! PLANTATION CAPITAL ( ! ,C>IBBEAN1 ALLI$ ) ! M]*ANT CAPITAL ( ! METROPOLIS1 KILL$ ! FIR/ G5]ATION ( PIRATES-- ! BUCCANE]S ( ! #a#f#gS--& IF ! CAPITAL ( ! ,EA/ ,9DIA ,COMPANY KILL$ ! PIRATES ( ! #a#f#iS1 :5 ! COMPANY'S %IPS W]E HO?\SES ( MUT9Y & REBELLION1 IT WAS ! ,AFRICAN SLAVE- TRAD+ CAPITAL ?AT KILL$ ! PIRATES ( ! E>LY EIITIME /ATE HAD REMOV$ A MAJOR OB/ACLE TO ! ACCUMULATION ( CAPITAL 9 ITS EV]-GR[+ ,ATLANTIC SY/EM4.<#i#g#g.> ,! HYPOCRISY ( ! AU?ORITIES ?R\<\T ! HI/ORY ( ,C>IBBEAN BUCCANE]+ & PIRAT+ HAS BE5 PO9T$ \T BY BO? CONTEMPOR>Y VICTIMS & #b?-C5TURY COMM5TATORS4 ,PIRATE ,JOHN ,QUEL*1 HANG$ 9 ,BO/ON 9 #a#g#d1 /AT$ BE=E HIS EXECUTION ?AT 0!Y %\LD ALSO TAKE C>E H[ !Y BR\,HIS FELL[ PIRATE ,]ASMUS ,PET]SON EVOK$ ! ET]NAL FATE ( ! UND]DOG :5 HE /AT$-- AGA9/ ! BACKDROP ( ! RI*ES MADE BY ! CRIM9ALS 9 (FICE--?AT 0IT IS V]Y H>D = SO MANY M5'S LIVES TO BE TAK5 AWAY = A LITLE GOLD40.<#i#g#i.> ,AS F> AS ! D\BLE /&>DS 9VOLV$ 9 ! (FICIAL RESPONSES TO ,C>IBBEAN SEA ROBB]Y GO1 HI/ORIAN ,DAVID ,F4 ,M>LEY /ATES ) RESPECT TO ,B>?OLOMEW ,ROB]TS ?AT 0HALF A C5TURY E>LI] HIS 9TELLIG5CE1 *>ISMA & C\RAGE MIN$ HIM A KNI ,GOLD5 AGE PIRACY MIK$ ! BIGGE/ ?REAT TO 9T]NATIONAL M>ITIME TRADE EV] & REMA9S A P[]FUL 0SYMBOLIC FOCUS = ANTI-,CAPITAL'S DESIRE40.<#i#h#a.> ,AS ,DAVID ,CORD+LY & ,JOHN ,FALCON] /ATE3 0,9DIVIDUAL PIRATICAL ACTS CONT9U$ TO OCCUR = ! RE/ ( ! .<#a#h?.> C5TURY & BEYOND1 BUT ) DECL9+ FREQU5CY & )\T ! PREVI\SLY DEVA/AT+ EFFECTS ON TRADE & ! COMM]CE 9 ! >EA40.<#i#h#b.> #d4#a#a4 ,VICTIMS ( ,CIRCUM/ANCE OR ,BLOOD?IR/Y ,SADI/S8 ,PIRACY & ,VIOL5CE ,ONE ( MANY />TL+ PASSAGES 9 ,FRI$RI* ,NIETZS*E'S ,! ,G5EALOGY ( ,MORALS READS AS FOLL[S3 0,:5 MAN WANT$ TO CREATE A MEMORY = HIMSELF1 ?IS C\LD NEV] BE DONE )\T BLOOD1 PA91 SACRIFICE2 ! MO/ GRUESOME GIFTS & SACRIFICES444 ! MO/ APPALL+ MUTILATIONS444--ALL ?IS F9DS ITS ORIG9 9 ! 9/9CT :I* UND]/&S ?AT PA9 IS ! /RONGE/ MNEMONIC TOOL40.<#i#h#c.> ,) RESPECT TO ! ,C>IBBEAN BUCCANE]S & PIRATES1 ?IS W\LD SUG- GE/ ?AT )\T !IR LEG5D>Y VIOL5CE !Y W\LD HAVE NEV] 5T]$ ! POPUL> LEGACY ( ! ,WE/]N WORLD 9 ! WAY !Y DID4 ,9DE$1 ! VIOL5CE ( ! ,C>IBBEAN SEA ROBB] IS1 AS ,HANS ,TURLEY PUTS IT1 0P>T ( HIS MY/IQUE40.<#i#h#d.> ,:ILE ,EXQUEMEL9'S ACC\NT ( ! BUCCANE]S EXCELS 9 0BLOOD?IR/Y /ORIES10.<#i#h#e.> ,CAPTA9 ,JOHNSON TELLS ?AT 09 ! COMMONWEAL? ( ! PIRATES1 HE :O GOES ! GREATE/ L5G? OR WICK$NESS IS LOOK$ UPON ) A K9D ( 5VY AMONG !M1 AS A P]SON ( A MORE EXTRAORD9>Y GALLANTRY1 & IS !REBY 5TITL$ TO BE DI/+UI%$ BY SOME PO/1 & IF SU* A ONE HAS BUT C\RAGE1 HE MU/ C]TA9LY BE A GREAT MAN40.<#i#h#f.> ,AS IF TO ILLU/RATE HIS PO9T1 ,JOHNSON PEP- P]S HIS ACC\NTS ( PIRATE CAPTA9S ) COMM5TS LIKE3 0.<,HE1 ,$W>D ,L[.> TOOK A FI%+ BOAT (F ( ,BLOCK ,ISL&1 BUT DID NOT P]PETRATE SO MU* CRUELTY TO H]1 CONT5T+ HIMSELF ) ONLY CUT+ (F ! MA/]'S HEAD40.<#i#h#g.> ,FOLL[+ IS A LI/ ( T5 FAM$ EXAMPLES ( BUCCANE] & PIRATE ATROCITIES4 ,ALMO/ ALL >E BAS$ ON ,EXQUEMEL9 & ,JOHNSON4 ,A C\PLE ( E>LY ONES RELATE TO ,FRANCIS L',OLLONAIS1 9 ! WORDS ( ,PHILIP ,GOSSE1 0A MON/] ( CRUELTY1 :O W\LD1 HAD HE LIV$ TO-DAY1 HAVE BE5 CONF9$ 9 AN ASYLUM = LUNATICS40.<#i#h#h.> #a4 ,! BUCCANE]S ALLEG$LY PUNI%$ MEMB]S ( !IR [N COMMUNITY BY CUT+ (F !IR NOSES & E>S4 #b4 ,L',OLLONAIS IS SAID TO HAVE HACK$ TORTURE VICTIMS :O W\LD NOT PROVIDE 9=MATION 9/ANTLY TO PIECES ) HIS CUTLASS1 0LICK+ ! BLOOD FROM ! BLADE ) HIS TONGUE40 #c4 ,L',OLLONAIS IS ALSO SAID TO HAVE CUT \T ! HE>T ( A PRISON] & =C$ ANO!R TO EAT IT4 #d4 ,ROCK ,BRAZILIANO WAS ALLEG$LY PRONE TO SPIT+ PRISON]S ON WOOD5 /AKES & ROA/+ !M1 0LIKE KILL+ A PIG40 #e4 ,M\NTB>S ! ,EXT]M9ATOR APP>5TLY OP5$ ! ABDOM5 ( A PRISON]1 NAIL$ HIS 9TE/9ES TO A PO/ & *AS$ ! PRISON] ) A TOR*4 #f4 ,CAPTA9 ,NICOLO1 AFT] TAK+ A M]*ANTMAN1 REPORT$LY CUT (F ! MA/]'S HEAD & ! H& ( EA* SEAMAN4 #g4 ,$W>D ,L[ ALLEG$LY CUT (F ! LIPS ( A ,PORTUGUESE PRISON] & BROIL$ !M BE=E HIS FACE4 #h4 ,!RE APP>5TLY EXI/$ A COMMON PRACTICE ( WRAPP+ A ROPE >\ND A PRISON]'S HEAD & SL[LY TWI/+ IT TIREL ) COCKROA*ES4 ,!SE & SIMIL> /ORIES HAVE L$ AU?ORS TO FANCIFUL DESCRIPTIONS4 ,JOHN ,MASEFIELD1 = EXAMPLE1 TELLS US ( ! BUCCANE]S3 0,!Y DISCOV]$ ?AT ! CUTT+ \T ( PRISON]S' HE>TS1 & EAT+ ( !M RAW )\T SALT1 AS HAD BE5 ! CU/OM ( ONE ( ! MO/ FAM\S BUCCANE]S1 WAS F> LESS PR(ITABLE ?AN ! PRIM+ ( A PRISON] ) HIS [N ACQUA-VITAE40.<#i#h#i.> ,YET1 ! REF]5CES TO ! BUCCANE]S' & PIRATES' R&OM CRUELTY >E TOO COMMON TO SIMPLY DISREG>D !M4 ,9 FACT1 ! SUGGE/ION ?AT ONE BUCCANE] CAPTA9 :IPP$ A CREW MEMB] TO DEA? 0= NO APP>5T REASON0 APPE>S NOT 9CONCEIVABLE4.<#i#i.> ,SOMETIMES1 ! CRUELTY SEEMS TO HAVE CAU ,!RE HAS BE5 PL5TY ( DEBATE AMONG CONTEMPOR>Y PIRATE S*OL>S AS TO H[ VIOL5T ! BUCCANE]S & PIRATES REALLY W]E4 ,OP9IONS SEEM TO DIFF] MU* ACCORD+ TO POLITICAL ORI5TATION4 ,:ILE ,/EPH5 ,SNELD]S1 = EXAMPLE1 =MULATES SOME:AT DEF5SIVELY ?AT 0!RE %\LD BE NO D\BT ?AT BUCCANE]S & FLIBU/I]S W]E V]Y DANG]\S CU?ROATS1 ) A SALT+ ( DESP]ATE & EV5 SADI/IC ELEM5TS10.<#i#i#b.> ,DAVID ,CORD+LY SEEMS LESS 9HIBIT$ 9 HIS JUDGM5T :5 /AT+ ?AT 0! REAL WORLD ( ! PIRATES WAS (T5 CLOS] TO SOME ( TODAY'S HORROR MOVIES ?AN ANY?+ :I* APPE>$ 9 CONTEMPOR>Y BOOKS OR PLAYS40.<#i#i#c.> ,OV]ALL1 H[EV]1 HI/ORIANS SEEM TO AGREE ?AT ! REPORTS ON ! BUCCANE]S' & PIRATES' VIOL5CE W]E EXAGG]AT$4 ,AS F> AS ! ACC\NTS ( ,EXQUEMEL9 & ,JOHNSON GO1 WE \ AS ! BUCCANE]S' & PIRATES' 5EMIES >E CONC]N$1 WE CAN IMAGE ?AT ! MORE GRUESOME ! =M]'S REPUTATION WAS1 ! EASI] IT BECAME TO JU/IFY !IR P]SECUTION4 ,F9ALLY1 ! BUCCANE]S & PIRATES !MSELVES MI ( T]RIBLE RETRIBUTION4 ,D\GLAS ,BOT+ HAS CALL$ ! PIRATES 0MA/]S ( PSY*OLOGY0.<#i#i#d.> & !IR CULTIVAT$ IMAGE A 0BASIC WEAPON0.<#i#i#e.> 9 !IR RAID+ EF=TS4 ,ACCORD+ TO ! RECORDS1 ! TACTIC SEEM$ EFFECTIVE4 ,IT APPE>S AS IF GOLD5 AGE PIRATES H>DLY EV] HAD TO USE ACTUAL VIOL5CE TO TAKE A M]*ANTMAN--HOI/+ ! ,JOLLY ,ROG] & FIR+ A C\PLE ( W>N+ %OTS USUALLY SUFFIC$4 ,MANY AU?ORS HAVE MADE EF=TS TO TO SEE ! VIOL5CE ( ! BUCCANE]S & PIRATES 9 ITS HI/ORICAL FRAME4 ,M>CUS ,R$IK] SUGGE/S ?AT ! REASON = !IR GRUESOME ACTS WAS ?AT !Y C\LD NEI!R 0RESOLVE ! CONTRADICTIONS ( !IR TIMES0.<#i#i#f.> NOR 0ESCAPE ! SY/EM ( :I* !Y W]E A P>T40.<#i#i#g.> ,/EPH5 ,SNELD]S >GU$ ! IMPORTANCE ( VIEW+ ! PIRATES' ACTIONS 9 P]SPECTIVE1.<#i#i#h.> /AT+ 0WE MU/ REALIZE ?AT 9 ! SEV5TE5? C5TURY ! USE ( TORTURE 9 NO WAY DEVIAT$ FROM 'NORMAL' CONDUCT 9 SOCIETY10 & ?AT 0TORTURE & O!R =MS ( PHYSICAL VIOL5CE W]E V]Y MU* ! /&>D 9 ALL K9DS ( SOCIAL ACTIVITIES40.<#i#i#i.> ,B4 ,R4 ,BURG SUGGE/S ?AT 0BUCCANE]S LIV$ 9 AN AGE :5 ! 9FLICTION ( PA9 WAS AN >T =M10.<#a.> & EV5 ,DAVID ,CORD+LY & ,JOHN ,FALCON] CONC$E ?AT ! 0NUM]\S444 ACTS ( VIOL5CE & CRUELTY COMMIT$ BY ! BUCCANE]S .<%\LD BE.> SET 9 ! CONTEXT ( !IR TIME40.<#a#a.> ,MANY BUCCANE] & PIRATE SYMPA?IZ]S W\LD C]TA9LY SUBSCRIBE TO ,/EPH5 ,SNELD]S ASS]TION ?AT 0:5 WE ADDRESS ! PROBLEM ( 'CRUELTY' ! PO9T IS NOT :E!R ! BUCCANE]S W]E CRUEL 7!Y (T5 W]E71 BUT :E!R !Y W]E WORSE ?AN !IR 5EMIES & CONTEMPOR>IES--& :E!R !RE W]E REASONS = !IR CRUELTY & BLOODLU/40.<#a#b.> ,TO A C]TA9 EXT5T1 ?IS IS TRUE4 ,IT IS IMPORTANT TO UND]/& ! REASONS = ! VIOL5CE ( ! BUCCANE]S & PIRATES1 & IT IS IMPORTANT TO CONSID] ! HI/ORICAL CIRCUM/ANCES UND] :I* IT OCCURR$4 ,IT SEEMS PROBABLE ?AT !IR VIOL5CE WAS NO WORSE 7& POSSIBLY LESS7 ?AN ! VIOL5CE ( M]*ANT & NAVY CAPTA9S OR ( ! COLONIAL AU?ORITIES4 ,IT SEEMS ALSO PROBABLE ?AT ! VIOL5CE ( ! LAT] CONTRIBUT$ TO ! VIOL5CE ( ! PIRATES4 ,?IS IS AS MU* EXPRESS$ 9 ,ROB]T ,I4 ,BURNS' SUCC9CT /ATEM5T ?AT 0EV]Y G5]ATION GETS ! PIRATES IT DES]VES10.<#a#c.> AS 9 ! PIRATE ,JOHN ,PHILPS' ACCUSATION LEVI$ AGA9/ ONE ( HIS =M] (FIC]S ?AT 0IT WAS SU* DOGS AS HE ?AT PUT M5 ON PIRAT+40.<#a#d.> ,LIKEWISE1 IT IS PROBABLY TRUE ?AT 0! H>% CONDITIONS ( 9D5TURE PRODUC$ PHYSICALLY T\< & SPIRITUALLY CALL\S 9DIVIDUALS1 CAPABLE ( SURVIV+ ! EXACT+ & HAZ>D\S CONDITIONS ( 9T]NATIONAL PIRACY10.<#a#e.> & ?AT 0! MI/REATM5T ( CAPTIVE MA/]S & (FIC]S WAS A PASSIONATE DIS*>GE ( ! RANCOR ?AT ! SEA \TLAWS FELT T[>D A DETE/$ & FE>$ CIVILIZATION AS P]SONIFI$ BY A CRUEL %IP'S CAPTA940.<#a#f.> ,AT ! SAME TIME1 ?IS DOES NOT RESOLVE ! PROBLEM ( H[ PEOPLE TODAY CAN RELATE TO ?IS VIOL5CE4 ,! ABOVE DECL>ATIONS TURN ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATE 9TO A ROLE-MODEL = CONTEMPOR>Y POLITICAL /RUGGLE4 ,DESPITE ALL ! 9SPIRATION ?AT CAN BE DRAWN FROM ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATE EXP]IM5T1 IT H>DLY SEEMS APPROPRIATE TO BRU% ASIDE ! UNPLEASANT P>TS ) ! SIMPLE EXPLANATION ?AT !Y HAPP5$ 9 A DIFF]5T AGE4 ,NO SLAVE-TRAD+ COMMUNITY1 = EXAMPLE1 \S AGO MAT]S LITLE4 ,/EPH5 ,SNELD]S MAY BE RI ,YET RADICALS TODAY NE$ TO RESOLVE !IR [N AMBIGUITIES-- ALSO ) RESPECT TO VIOL5CE4 ,AN UNCRITICAL EMBRACE ( ! VIOL5CE ( ! ,C>IBBEAN BUCCANE]S & PIRATES WILL DO LITLE TO ADVANCE ! CAUSE4 ,:AT SEEMS M&ATORY IS TO /R5G!N !ORY & PRAXIS BY ACCEPT+ CONTRADICTIONS 9 ! RADICAL PA/ TO IMPROVE ! RADICAL FUTURE4 ,DUR+ ! LA/ PHASE ( ! GOLD5 AGE1 ! PIRATES W]E CAUD SPIRAL4 ,VIOL5CE & CRUELTY 9CREAS$ DRAMATICALLY4 ,M>CUS ,R$IK] WRITES3 0,9 ITS F9AL PHASE1 ! W> TURN$ SAVAGE4 ,AS NAVAL CAPTA9S & EXECUTION]S KILL$ MORE & MORE PIRATES1 ?OSE :O REMA9$ AT L>GE BECAME MORE 5RAG$1 MORE DESP]ATE1 MORE VIOL5T1 & MORE CRUEL4 ,! DIALECTIC ( T]ROR444 REA*$ A CLIMAX 9 C>NAGE40.<#a#h.> ,9 ,FRANK ,%]RY'S WORDS1 0A H&FUL ( PIRATE CAPTA9S C>RI$ ON A LA/-DIT* COMBAT ON ! SEA-LANES AGA9/ ! =CES ( LAW & ORD]4 ,AS HAPP5S ) MO/ LO/ CAUSES1 !SE444 F\ ,?IS %\LD NOT SURPRISE US4 ,IT SEEMS TO BE A COMMON PAT]N AMONG 0CRIM9AL0 AS WELL AS 0REVOLUTION>Y0 \TLAWS ?AT ONCE DEFEAT SEEMS C]TA9 & !Y FEEL ! FULL =CE ( ! 0LAW10 !IR DESP]ATION & H5CE !IR VIOL5CE 9CREASES1 :I* CAUSES EV5 MORE C\NT]-VIOL5CE1 ETC4 ,AS ! AU?ORS ( 0,PIRATE ,UTOPIAS0 PO9T \T1 9 ! CASE ( ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES 0!RE DEVELOP$ A DEADLY SPIRAL ( 9CREAS+ VIOL5CE AS /ATE ATACKS W]E MET ) REV5GE FROM ! PIRATES LEAD+ TO GREAT] /ATE T]ROR40.<#a#a.> ,) RESPECT TO B&ITRY1 ,HOBSBAWM DESCRIBES ! PH5OM5ON ?US3 ,B&ITRY1 WE HAVE SE51 GR[S & BECOMES EPIDEMIC 9 TIMES ( SOCIAL T5SION & UPHEAVAL4 ,!SE >E ALSO ! TIMES :5 ! CONDITIONS = SU* EXPLOSIONS ( CRUELTY >E MO/ FAVORABLE4 ,!Y DO NOT BELONG TO ! C5TRAL IMAGE ( BRIG&AGE1 EXCEPT 9S(> AS ! B&IT IS AT ALL TIMES AN AV5G] ( ! POOR4 ,BUT AT SU* TIMES !Y WILL NO D\BT OCCUR MORE FREQU5TLY & SY/EMATICALLY4 ,NO:]E MORE SO ?AN 9 ?OSE4449SURRECTIONS & REBELLIONS :I* HAVE FAIL$ TO TURN 9TO SOCIAL REVOLUTIONS1 & :OSE MILITANTS >E =C$ TO FALL BACK 9TO ! LIFE ( \TLAWS & ROBB]S3 HUNGRY1 EMBIT]$1 & RES5TFUL EV5 AGA9/ ! POOR :O HAVE LEF !M TO FI ,ACCORD+ TO ,M>CUS ,R$IK]1 ! ,C>IBBEAN BUCCANE]S & PIRATES EMPLOY$ VIOL5CE = ?REE REASONS3 0TO AVOID FI ,! ?IRD REASON IS AT ! HE>T ( ! FOLL[+ SECTION4 #d4#a#b4 ,V5GEANCE AS ,JU/ICE3 ,PIRATE ,E?ICS ,IS !RE SU* A ?+ AS 0PIRATE E?ICS08.<#a#a#c.> ,! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES UND\BT$LY SAIL$ ) C]TA9 PR9CIPLES--!IR >TICLES BE+ ONLY ! MO/ TANGIBLE EXPRESSION ( ?IS4 ,9 A V]Y BASIC S5SE1 PR9CIPLES ALONE CAN CON/ITUTE AN E?ICS1 ESPECIALLY :5 !Y RELATE TO A P>TICUL> UND]/&+ ( JU/ICE4 ,! PR9CIPLES ( ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES CLE>LY DID ?IS1 /RESS+ FAIR DI/RIBUTION ( PROP]TY1 EQUAL 9FLU5CE ON DECISION-MAK+ PROCESSES1 & HONE/Y & LOYALTY AS IMPORTANT VALUES )9 !IR COMMUNITY4 ,M>CUS ,R$IK] EV5 CALLS ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES' NOTION ( JU/ICE 0! F\NDATION ( !IR 5T]PRISE40.<#a#a#d.> ,AS F> AS ! 9T]IOR WORK+S ( ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATE COMMUNITIES >E CONC]N$1 AN E?ICS W\LD ?US BE DEF9$4 ,?+S BECOME MORE COMPLICAT$1 H[EV]1 IF \R DEF9ITION ( E?ICS IMPLIES A UNIV]SAL APPLICATION ( ONE'S PR9CIPALS--AN EXT5SION ( ONE'S [N VALUES TO ! 0\TSIDE WORLD40 ,>GUABLY1 ?IS WAS NOT ! CASE ) ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES4 ,9 G5]AL1 !IR E?ICAL WORLD SEEM$ R$UC$ TO ! CONF9ES ( !IR [N EXCLUSIVE SOCIAL REALM4 ,BEYOND ?AT1 ONE WAS H>DLY B\ND BY PR9CIPLES AT ALL4 ,/ILL1 !RE WAS ONE FEATURE--EV] MORE PRON\NC$ ! CLOS] GOLD5 AGE PIRACY DREW TO ITS 5D--?AT W\LD SUGGE/ A PR9CIPLE'S UNIV]SAL APPLICATION3 MET+ \T JU/ICE AGA9/ ?OSE :O HAVE DONE WRONG4 ,NO MATT] H[ RUDIM5T>Y ! CONCEPT1 & NO MAT] H[ VAGUE ! UND]/&+ ( 0JU/ICE0 & ( 0DO+ WRONG10 AS ! AV5G] DESCRIB$ BY ,HOBSBAWM1 ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATE BECOMES AN E?ICAL FIGURE BY ALL /&>DS--SOMEONE :O DESIGNS AN E?ICS ( V5GEANCE BY EMPLOY+ A NEGATIVE NOTION ( JU/ICE3 JU/ICE IS DONE BY AV5G+ :AT IS P]CEIV$ AS 9JU/ICE1 NAMELY ! >BITR>Y VIOL5CE & DOM9ATION EX]CIS$ BY ?OSE ) 0AU?ORITY40 ,9 ! CONTEXT ( MANY PIRATES' LIVES1 ?IS MEANT FIR/ & =EMO/ ! CRUEL & SADI/IC CAPTA9 ( ! M]*ANT %IP :O W\LD BECOME ! FOCUS ( !IR E?ICS ( V5GEANCE--AN E?ICS ?AT IS P]HAPS BE/ EXPRESS$ 9 ! FAM$ ,PIRATE ,SONG ( UNKN[N ORIG9S3 0',TIS TO DR9K TO \R VICTORY--ONE CUP ( R$ W9E4 _/ ,SOME FIS ! ,EXT]M9ATOR4 ,H[EV]1 AMONG ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES V5GEANCE AS A GUID+ PR9CIPLE BECAME EV] MORE PRON\NC$4 ,FRANK ,%]RY CALLS 0! *ANCE TO TAKE V5GEANCE ON ! CRUEL & UNJU/ SOCIETY ?AT MO/ PIRATES HAD LEFT BEH9D0 ONE ( ! AGE'S MO/ IMPORTANT REASONS TO TURN PIRATE4.<#a#a#e.> ,SIMIL>LY1 ,*RIS ,L& /ATES ?AT 0ONE ( ! MA9 MOTIVATORS = A PIRATE WAS NOT PR(IT BUT REV5GE40.<#a#a#f.> ,! ACC\NT ( ,WILLIAM ,SNELGRAVE1 :OSE %IP WAS TAK5 BY ,H[ELL ,DAVIS' CREW (F ! ,WE/ ,AFRICAN COA/1 CONFIRMS ?IS4 ,SNELGRAVE WAS APP>5TLY TOLD BY ONE ( ! PIRATES ?AT 0!IR REASONS = GO+ A PIRAT+ W]E TO REV5GE !MSELVES ON BASE ,M]*ANTS1 & CRUEL COMM&]S ( %IPS40.<#a#a#g.> ,9 ?IS S5SE1 0NUM]\S SAILORS1 ONCE !Y BECAME PIRATES1 SEIZ$ !IR NEW & UNUSUAL CIRCUM/ANCES TO SETLE OLD SCORES 9 V5GEFUL WAYS40.<#a#a#h.> ,DAVID ,F4 ,M>LEY CONFIRMS ?AT ?IS WAS P>TICUL>LY PRON\NC$ DUR+ ! GOLD5 AGE'S F9AL PHASE3 0,UNLIKE !IR PRECURSORS FROM ! #a#f#iS1 ?IS G5]ATION WAS NOTICEABLY NOT MOTIVAT$ BY A LACK ( POT5TIAL PRIZES 9 ! ,NEW ,WORLD1 BUT RA!R BY AN EXCESS ( (FICIAL RETALIATION40.<#a#a#i.> ,AMONG ! LA/ ( ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATE CAPTA9S1 ?IS RETALIATION SEEMS TO HAVE REA*$ AN ORGANIZ$ LEVEL4 ,CAPTA9 ,JOHNSON TELLS US 9 HIS ACC\NT ( ,CAPTA9 ,JOHN ,EVAN'S CREW3 0,UPON SEIZ+ ( ?IS %IP1 ! PIRATES BEGAN TO TAKE UPON !MSELVES ! DI/RIBUTION ( JU/ICE1 EXAM9+ ! M5 CONC]N+ !IR MA/]'S USAGE ( !M1 ACCORD+ TO ! CU/OM ( O!R PIRATES40.<#a#b.> ,PET] ,E>LE ADDS AN 9T]E/+ OBS]VATION CONC]N+ ! COMPOSITION ( ! PIRATE CREWS ( ?AT P]IOD3 ,?IS BUS9ESS ( JUDG+ & PUNI%+ M]*ANT CAPTA9S IS UNIQUE 9 ! HI/ORY ( PIRACY & REFLECTS ! RADICAL1 'WORLD-TURN$-UPSIDE- D[N' NATURE ( ! GOLD5 AGE ( PIRACY4 ,H[ SAILORS MU/ HAVE LOV$ TO SEE ! P[]FUL BR\E LESS H[ ! ,SPANI% CAPTA9S ( !IR PRIZES TREAT$ !IR CREWS1 ?\< !Y MIDS4 ,BUT L>GE NUMB]S ( ! PIRATES ( ! YE>S #a#g#a#e-#b#e HAD S]V$ ON TRANSATLANTIC OR ,WE/ ,AFRICAN VOYAGES OR 9 ! ,NEWF\NDL& FI%]Y :]E ! EFFECTS ( H>% CAPTA9S W\LD HAVE BE5 MO/ SEV]ELY FELT4 ,& = !M SU* CRUEL REV5GE MU/ HAVE BE5 V]Y SWEET4.<#a#b#a.> ,E>LE ALSO CITES A DISPAT* ?AT ILLU/RATES ! SCOPE ?AT ! PIRATES' V5GEANCE C\LD REA*3 0,]R+ CAPTA9S MIS CUT (F1 '= BUT CORRECT+ HIS [N SAILORS1' WROTE ! ,GOV]NOR ( ,VIRG9IA 9 A LET] BEGG+ = A NAVAL VESSEL TO C>RY HIM HOME TO ,5GL& LE/ HE SUFF] ! SAME FATE40.<#a#b#b.> ,! FLIPSIDE ( ?IS WAS1 ( C\RSE1 ?AT M]*ANT CAPTA9S :O HAD TREAT$ !IR SAILORS WELL C\LD EXPECT M]CY4 ,WE F9D A FAM\S /ORY AB\T SU* AN EV5T 9 ,CAPTA9 ,JOHNSON'S ACC\NT ( ,CAPTA9 ,$W>D ,5GL&1 :5 A 0FELL[ ) A T]RIBLE PAIR ( :ISK]S1 & A WOOD5 LEG0 7ALREADY 5C\NT]$ 9 ! SECTION ON PIRACY & DISABILITY7 SAVES ! CAPTUR$ ,CAPTA9 ,MACKRA BY /AT+ ?AT HE HAD 0=M]LY SAIL'D ) HIM0 & ?AT HE WAS 0AN HONE/ FELL[40 ,A SIMIL> PICTURE REA*ES US ( CAPTA9 ,WILLIAM ,SNELGRAVE1 HELD PRISON] BY PIRATES (F ! ,WE/ ,AFRICAN COA/3 HE WAS SAV$ FROM PIRATE RETALIATION BECAUSE NO ONE ( HIS CREW HAD ANY COMPLA9TS AB\T HIM4.<#a#b#c.> ,R$IK] BELIEVES ?AT BY DEMON/RAT+ L5I5CY TO ?OSE :O HAD PROV5 GOOD OR HONE/1 0PIRATES HOP$ TO %[ !SE M]*ANTS ?AT GOOD =TUNES BEFELL GOOD CAPTA9S40.<#a#b#d.> ,! FACT ?AT ,M>CUS ,R$IK] CALLS ! CASE ( ,WILLIAM ,SNELGRAVE 0! BE/ DESCRIPTION ( PIRATES' NOTIONS ( JU/ICE0 DEMON/RATES ONCE MORE ! E?ICAL AMBIGUITY ?AT HAUNTS GOLD5 AGE PIRATE SOCIETY3 AFT] ALL1 ! 0GOOD CAPTA90 ,SNELGRAVE WAS ALSO A SLAVE TRAD]4 ,)9 !IR [N COMMUNITIES1 ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES USUALLY SUMMON$ C\NCILS TO DEAL ) MAT]S ( JU/ICE RELAT$ TO !IR PR9CIPLES & >TICLES4 ,! CASES AT H& W]E DISCUSS$ & BR\KABLE PASSAGE LAUD+ ! ADVANTAGES ( ! PIRATE C\RTS3 ,H]E WAS ! =M ( JU/ICE KEPT UP1 :I* IS AS MU* AS CAN BE SAID ( SEV]AL O!R C\RTS ?AT HAVE MORE LAWFUL COMMISSIONS = :AT !Y DO4 ,H]E WAS NO SEE+ ( C\NCIL1 & BRIB+ ( WITNESSES WAS A CU/OM NOT KN[N AMONG !M2 NO PACK+ ( JURIES1 NO TORTUR+ & WRE/+ ! S5SE ( ! LAW1 = BY 5DS & PURPOSES1 NO PUZZL+ OR P]PLEX+ ! CAUSE ) UN9TELLIGIBLE CANT+ T]MS1 & USELESS DI/9CTIONS2 NOR WAS !IR SESSIONS BURD5$ ) NUMB]LESS (FIC]S1 ! M9I/]S ( RAP9E & EXTORTION1 ) ILL-BOD+ ASPECTS1 5\< TO FRI ,?IS S]VES AS A P[]FUL REM9D] ( ! CONCRETE NOTIONS ( JU/ICE ?AT CAN BE EX]CIS$ 9 SMALL 70PRIMITIVE07 COMMUNITIES :OSE SOCIAL =UMS ALL[ = AN EQUAL P>TICIPATION ( ALL4 ,ADD+ TO ! 0PRIMITIVE0 COMP>ISON1 IT MI%E/ PUNI%M5T ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES COMMONLY EXECUT$ AGA9/ !IR [N1 NAMELY M>OON+1 BE>S A /RIK+ RESEMBLANCE TO ! O/RACISM ?AT IS KN[N AS ONE ( ! H>%E/ PUNI%M5TS AMONG MANY SO-CALL$ PRIMITIVE SOCIETIES4.<#a#b#f.> ,IT CONFIRMS ! FACT ?AT 9 TIBITR>9ESS 9H]5T 9 EV]Y SY/EM ( =MAL LAW1 ESPECIALLY 9 A CLASS SOCIETY4 ,LET US1 = EXAMPLE1 RECALL ! SORR[ ( ! CONVICT$ MEMB]S ( ,B>?OLOMEW ,ROB]TS' CREW :O SAID ?AT !Y W]E 0HANG$1 :ILE O!RS1 NO LESS GUILTY 9 ANO!R WAY1 ESCAP$40.<#a#b#g.> ,9 A ,NIETZS*EAN S5SE ! MO/ IMPORTANT--& MAYBE = RADICALS ! MO/ 9SPIR+--ASPECT ( PIRATE JU/ICE WAS ?AT ! PIRATES W5T BEYOND DOM9ANT MORAL CONV5TIONS & CREAT$ !IR [N MORAL PR9CIPLES & CODES4 ,AS ,SNELD]S WRITES3 0,S9CE !Y LIV$ \TSIDE ! B\NDS ( :AT WAS NORMALLY DEF9$ AS GOOD & EVIL1 PIRATES BEHAV$ AS !Y LIK$ )9 ! CONF9ES ( !IR [N CU/OMS40.<#a#b#h.> ,9 FACT1 ! CONNECTIONS BETWE5 A ,NIETZS*EAN PHILOSOPHY & ! LIFE ( ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES >E /RIK+ 9 MANY WAYS4 #d4#a#c4 ,DIONYSUS 9 ! ,WE/ ,9DIES3 ,A ,NIETZS*EAN ,LOOK AT ,GOLD5 ,AGE ,PIRACY ,:ILE IT IS DIFFICULT TO DEF9E GOLD5 AGE PIRACY POLITICALLY1 ! POSSIBILITIES = RADICAL ADAPTATIONS REMA9 WIDE OP51 S9CE AT ! CORE ( GOLD5 AGE PIRATE LIFE LIES AN UNRE/RA9$ EXI/5TIAL VITALITY1 OR1 9 ,NIETZS*E'S T]MS1 A ,DIONYSIAN PHILOSOPHY--AN 9CR$IBLY /RONG & P[]FUL ANTI-AU?ORIT>IAN & LIB]ATORY =CE ?AT KN[S NO RE/RICTION BY SOCIAL CONSID]ATIONS1 E?ICAL PR9CIPLES1 OR POLITICAL IDEALS4 ,IT IS A =CE ?AT CAN !RE=E TURN 9TO ANY?+3 AN ALLY 9 ! FIT ?AT BL5DS BO? 0,APOLLONIAN0 & 0,DIONYSIAN0 ELEM5TS--! LAT] (T5 BE+ NEGLECT$ 9 \R LIVES & F9ALLY TOTALLY AB&ON$ BY ! 0,SOCRATIAN T5D5CY40.<#a#b#i.> ,NIETZS*E1 H[EV]1 URGES US TO 0BELIEVE 9 ! ,DIONYSIAN LIFE0.<#a#c.> &1 TO HIS LA/ TEXTS1 DECL>ES HIMSELF ! DEF5D] ( ! 0,DIONYSIAN SPELL40.<#a#c#a.> ,9 ONE ( HIS BE/ KN[N WORKS1 ,BEYOND ,GOOD & ,EVIL 7#a#h#h#f71 HE CALLS HIMSELF 0! LA/ DISCIPLE & 9ITIATE ( ! GOD ,DIONYSUS40.<#a#c#b.> ,SO :AT DOES ! ,DIONYSIAN MOM5T /& =8 ,IT IS1 ACCORD+ TO ,NIETZS*E1 0A FUNDAM5TAL C\NT]-DOCTR9E & C\NT]-EVALUATION ( LIFE1 PURELY >TI/IC1 PURELY ANTI-,*RI/IAN40.<#a#c#c.> ,ITS DESIRES >E *>ACT]IZ$ BY 09ITIATIVE1 AUDACITY1 REV5GE1 CLEV]NESS1 RAPACITY1 LU/ = P[]10.<#a#c#d.> ITS VALUES BY 0A VIGOR\S PHYSICALITY1 A BLOOM+1 RI*1 ABUNDANT HEAL?1 & BY EV]Y?+ ?IS DEP5DS ON3 W>1 ADV5TURE1 HUNT+1 DANCE1 FI ,9 ! WORDS ( ,GILLES ,DELEUZE1 >GUABLY ! MO/ SOPHI/ICAT$ REPRES5TATIVE ( :AT HAS BE5 DUBB$ A LEF ,NIETZS*EANISM1 0IT IS ,DIONYSUS' TASK TO MAKE US GRACEFUL1 TO TEA* US TO DANCE1 TO GIVE US ! 9/9CT ( PLAY40.<#a#c#f.> ,IT W\LD BE WRONG TO SUGGE/ ?AT GOLD5 AGE PIRATES REPRES5T$ A ,DIONYSIAN COMMUNITY 9 ,NIETZS*E'S EYES4 ,GIV5 HIS CULTURAL ELITISM1 ,NIETZS*E W\LD HAVE PROBABLY SE5 ! FE/IVE EXCESSES ( PIRATE CREWS AS ! EXPRESSION ( A 0GROTESQUE & VULG>0 ,DIONYSIANISM :I* HE CRITICIZES 9 ! ,BIR? ( ,TRAG$Y4.<#a#c#g.> ,NONE!LESS1 DISREG>D+ ,NIETZS*E'S [N POSSIBLE OBJECTIONS1 IT IS C]TA9LY REVEAL+ TO ANALYZE ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES' SOCIAL EXP]IM5T FROM A ,DIONYSIAN P]SPECTIVE4 ,AFFIRMATION 0,DIONYSIAN >T WANTS TO P]SUADE US ( ! ET]NAL JOY ( BE+10 WRITES ,NIETZS*E 9 ,! ,BIR? ( ,TRAG$Y1.<#a#c#h.> & ?IS 0AFFIRMATION ( LIFE10 0! ,DIONYSIAN YES0.<#a#c#i.> REMA9S A CRUCIAL !ME ?R\<\T HIS WORK4 ,AGA9/ ! P]CEIV$ 0DECAD5CE0 & 0NIHILISM0 ( HIS ]A1 ,NIETZS*E USES ! FIGURE ( ,DIONYSUS TO *AMPION AN UNCOMPROMIS+ EMBRACE ( LIFE 9 ALL ITS DIM5SIONS1 NOT 9HIBIT$ BY B\RGEOIS VALUES & LIMITATIONS4 ,DIONYSUS 0IS ! GOD = :OM LIFE DOES NOT HAVE TO BE JU/IFI$1 = :OM LIFE IS ESS5TIALLY JU/40.<#a#d.> ,GOLD5 AGE PIRATES SEEM TO HAVE %>$ ?IS S5TIM5T4 ,PHILIP ,GOSSE RELATES ?AT ,CAPTA9 ,WILLIAM ,J5N+S EXPLA9$ ?AT HE WAS A PIRATE 0= ! LOVE ( ! LIFE10.<#a#d#a.> :ILE ONE ,GEORGE ,B5DALL IS QUOT$ BY ,PET] ,E>LE AS SAY+ ?AT 0HE WI%$ HE HAD BEGUN ! LIFE SOON] = HE ?\ ,9 ! SAME VE91 ,CAPTA9 ,JOHNSON TELLS US ( TWO PIRATES1 ,PH9EAS ,BUNCE & ,D5NIS ,MAC>TY1 :O1 SOON AFT] !Y HAD ACCEPT$ A ROYAL P>DON1 0BEGAN TO RATLE & TALK ) GREAT PLEASURE & MU* BOA/+ ( !IR =M] EXPLOITS :5 !Y HAD BE5 PIRATES1 CRY+ UP A PIRATE'S LIFE TO BE ! ONLY LIFE = A MAN ( SPIRIT40.<#a#d#c.> ,ALL ?IS SEEMS TO CONFIRM ,/EPH5 ,SNELD]S CONCLUSION ?AT BUCCANE]+ 0WAS NOT SIMPLY A WAY TO MAKE A LIV+1 BUT A WAY ( LIFE40.<#a#d#d.> ,A DECISIVE FACTOR--CONFIRM+ ! AFFIRMATION SO IMPORTANT 9 ,NIETZS*E'S ?\CUS ,R$IK] ?AT ! PIRATE ,WALT] ,K5N$Y 0LIKE ! O!RS1 WAS NOT M]ELY ESCAP+ OPPRESSIVE CIRCUM/ANCES4 ,HE WAS ESCAP+ TO SOME?+ NEW1 A DIFF]5T REALITY444 0.<#a#d#e.> ,LIB]TY ,NIETZS*E WRITES 9 ,! ,GAY ,SCI5CE3 ,9DE$1 WE PHILOSOPH]S & 'FREE SPIRITS' FEEL AS IF A NEW DAWN %9ES ON US :5 WE HE> ?AT ! 'OLD ,GOD IS DEAD2' \R HE>T OV]FL[S ) GRATITUDE1 AWE1 9TUITION1 EXPECTATION--F9ALLY1 ! HORIZON IS FREE AGA9444 & WE CAN F9ALLY BO>D \R %IPS & SAIL 9TO :ATEV] DANG] WE WILL 5C\NT]4 ,?OSE EAG] TO KN[ CAN BE D>+ AGA92 ! SEA1 \R SEA1 HAS BE5 OP5$ ONCE MORE2 9 FACT1 MAYBE !RE HAS NEV] BE5 A SEA ?AT 'OP5'6.<#a#d#f.> 0,!RE IS ANO!R WORLD TO DISCOV]--& MORE ?AN JU/ ONE6 ,ONTO ! %IPS1 PHILOSOPH]S60.<#a#d#g.> ,! ALLEGORIES MII\S AU?ORS CONCUR ?AT ! ?IR/ = LIB]TY WAS A DECISIVE FACTOR 9 MOTIVAT+ SEAM5 TO GO ON ! ACC\NT4 ,PET] ,LAMBORN ,WILSON WRITES ?AT 0LOOK+ AT ! :OLE PICTURE1 RA!R ?AN 9DIVIDUAL C>E]S1 WE GET ! IMPRESSION ?AT DESIRE = TOTAL LIB]TY CON/ITUT$ P]HAPS ! DEEPE/ MOTIVE = CLASSICAL PIRACY20.<#a#d#h.> = ,/EPH5 ,SNELD]S ! PIRATES W]E 0MAXIMIZ+ ! LIB]TY ( SEAM520.<#a#d#i.> ,FRANK ,%]RY CALLS 0! *ANCE ?AT PIRACY (F]$ TO ORD9>Y SAILORS TO LIVE AS FREE M5 . REAL LURE20.<#a#e.> ,*RIS ,L& BELIEVES ?AT 0= MANY PIRATES ! SELF CONSCI\S PURSUIT ( LIB]TY & AUTONOMY BECAME ! MA9 REASON = !IR *OICE ( LIFE20.<#a#e#a.> & ,M>CUS ,R$IK] OBS]VES ?AT 09 ! POPUL> M9D1 ! PIRATE WAS NOT '! COMMON 5EMY ( MANK9D' BUT RA!R ! FREE/ ( MANK9D40.<#a#e#b.> ,NIETZS*E ADDS AN IMPORTANT DI/9CTION :5 HE COMP>ES 0FREE-?9K]S0 TO 0FREE-DO]S03 0,! FREE-DO]S >E AT A DISADVANTAGE TO ! FREE-?9K]S1 S9CE ACTION MAKES HUMANS SUFF] MU* MORE ?AN ?\ ,DEFIANCE ,! NOTION ( LIB]TY COMB9$ ) ,NIETZS*E'S DEM& = A 0TRANSVALUATION ( VALUES0.<#a#e#d.> 7! CREATION ( NEW1 SELF-DET]M9$ MORALITIES7 & A 0TWILI 7! REJECTION ( EV]Y?+ WE >E TAUK$LY TO ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES' ANTI-AU?ORIT>IANISM3 0,PIRATES CON/RUCT$ A CULTURE ( MA/]LESS M54 ,!Y W]E AS F> REMOV$ FROM ! TRADITIONAL AU?ORITY AS ANY M5 C\LD BE 9 ! E>LY EIY LABOR1 & US+ ! SEA TO DI/ANCE !MSELVES FROM ! P[]S ( ! /ATE1 !Y C>RI$ \T A /RANGE EXP]IM5T40.<#a#e#f.> 0,9DE$1 !RE WAS 'SO LITLE ,GOV]NM5T & ,SUBORD9ATION' AMONG PIRATES ?AT '!Y >E1 ON ,OCCASION1 ALL ,CAPTA9S1 ALL ,LEAD]S4'0.<#a#e#g.> ,SELF-,DET]M9ATION ,9 DIRECT RELATION TO ! ABOVE1 ,NIETZS*E DECL>ES3 0,IT IS ONLY = ! FEW TO BE 9DEP5D5T--IT IS ONLY = ?OSE :O >E /RONG4 ,?OSE :O ASS]T !IR 9DEP5D5CE--) EV]Y RIE NOT ONLY /RONG BUT FE>LESS & AUDACI\S4 ,!Y LEAP 9TO A LABYR9? & MULTIPLY ! DANG]S ( LIFE BY A ?\S&40.<#a#e#h.> ,?IS S5SE ( 9DEP5D5CE1 OR1 AS WE MI*I/ ATITUDE10 ,PET] ,LAMBORN ,WILSON RELATES ! FOLL[+ ANECDOTE3 0,AT ONE TIME1 ,E/ON WAS TOLD ?AT ,JAMES ,I ( ,5GL& HAD (F]$ HIM A P>DON4 ',:Y %\LD ,I OBEY A K+'S ORD]S1' HE ASK$1 ':5 ,I AM A K9D ( K+ MYSELF '80.<#a#e#i.> ,M>CUS ,R$IK] ELABORATES ON ! IMAG]Y3 0,P]HAPS ?IS ILLUM9ATES ,DANIEL ,DEFOE'S DESCRIPTION ( PIRATES1 :]E EV]Y MAN WAS '9 HIS [N ,IMAG9ATION A ,CAPTA91 A ,PR9CE1 OR A ,K+4' ,SU* POSITIONS ( AU?ORITY MAY NOT HAVE BE5 SO BAD AS LONG AS EV]YONE C\LD CLAIM A TITLE40.<#a#f.> ,ACCORD+LY1 ! TRADITIONAL AU?ORITIES W]E REG>D$ ) LITLE RESPECT4 ,B>?OLOMEW ,ROB]TS' CREW ALLEG$LY TOLD ! CAPTA9 ( ! RAID$ M]*ANTMAN ,SAMUEL3 0,WE %ALL ACCEPT NO ,ACT ( ,GRACE1 MAY ! ,K+ & ,P>LIAM5T BE DAMN$ ) !IR ,ACT ( ,GRACE = US444 0.<#a#f#a.> ,R$IK] D$UCES ?AT 0! PIRATE WAS SOMEONE ) :OM 'NO ,FAI?1 ,PROMISE1 NOR ,OA? IS TO BE OBS]V$4'0.<#a#f#b.> ,/EPH5 ,SNELD]S1 POND]+ ON :Y WE 5JOY ! PIRATES' /ORIES DESPITE ! E>LY 0MORAL JUDGM5T0 !Y RECEIV$1 COMES TO ! CONCLUSION ?AT IT IS 0BECAUSE A PIRATE TAKES HIS LIFE 9 HIS [N H&S40 ,CLAES ,G4 ,COMPA51 = EXAMPLE1 A ,DUT* BUCCANE] PORTRAY$ BY ,SNELD]S1 0PLAY$ HIS [N GAME4 ,& = ?REE YE>S HE GOT AWAY ) IT1 :I* IS MU* LONG] ?AN MO/ ( US WILL EV] EV5 TRY40.<#a#f#c.> ,P>APHRAS+ ! ,SITUATIONI/S' 0,TESES ON ! ,P>IS ,COMMUNE10 ,SNELD]S LAT] NOTES ?AT 0! PIRATES HAD BECOME MA/]S ( !IR [N HI/ORY1 NOT SO MU* ON ! LEVEL ( 'GOV]NM5TAL' POLITICS AS ON ! LEVEL ( !IR EV]YDAY LIFE40.<#a#f#d.> ,F9ALLY1 IT IS WOR? QUOT+ ONCE MORE ! FAM\S \TBUR/ ?AT ,CAPTA9 ,JOHNSON ASCRIBES TO ,SAUL ,BELLAMY1 DIRECT$ AT ! CAPTA9 ( A REC5TLY TAK5 M]*ANTMAN AFT] HIS REFUSAL TO JO9 ,BELLAMY'S CREW3 ,Y\ >E A DEVILI% CONSCI5TI\S RASCAL1 D-N YE1 REPLI$ ,BELLAMY4 ,I AM A FEE PR9CE1 & ,I HAVE AS MU* AU?ORITY TO MAKE W> ON ! :OLE WORLD AS HE :O HAS A HUNDR$ SAIL ( %IPS AT SEA1 & AN >MY ( #a1 M5 9 ! FIELD1 & ?IS MY CONSCI5CE TELLS ME4 ,BUT !RE IS NO >GU+ ) SU* SNIVEL+ PUPPIES1 :O ALL[ SUP]IORS TO KICK !M AB\T DECK AT PLEASURE & P9 !IR FAI? UPON A PIMP ( A P>SON1 A SQUAB1 :O NEI!R PRACTICES NOT BELIEVES :AT HE PUTS UPON ! *UCKLE-HEAD$ FOOLS HE PREA*ES TO4.<#a#f#e.> ,M]IT ,! NOTIONS ( LIB]TY1 DEFIANCE & SELF-DET]M9ATION IMPLY ANO!R DEF9+ ASPECT ( GOLD5 AGE PIRATE LIFE1 NAMELY ! POSSIBILITY = 9DIVIDUALS TO F9D A PLACE )9 ! COMMUNITY BAS$ ON M]IT ALONE4 ,:ILE ,ROB]T ,C4 ,RIT*IE REM>KS ON ,CAPTA9 ,EV]Y ?AT 0LIKE SO MANY ( ! PIRATES1 HIS LIFE IS A BLANK UNTIL HE EM]G$ FROM ! RANKS ( FACELESS SAILORS TO CAPTA9 A PIRATE %IP10.<#a#f#f.> ,/EPH5 ,SNELD]S WRITES ) RESPECT TO ,JAN ,]ASMUS ,REYN+1 ?AT 0HIS LIFE IS AN EXAMPLE ( H[ ! ,BRO!RHOOD C\LD TAKE A SAILOR ) NO PROSPECTS & (F] HIM NEW OPPORTUNITIES1 ROV+ ON ! ACC\NT 9 A LIFE ?AT WAS CONT9U\SLY ADV5TUR\S & DANG]\S40.<#a#f#g.> ,ACCORD+ TO ,MAURICE ,BESSON1 9 ! WORLD ( ! ,C>IBBEAN BUCCANE]S & PIRATES1 0C\RAGE ALONE CONF]R$ DI/9CTION40.<#a#f#h.> ,A NOTION ?AT E*OES ALL ( ,NIETZS*E'S IDEALS ( ! MA/]S--AN >I/OCRACY NOT DEF9$ BY BIR? BUT BY /&+ ! TE/ ( LIFE ITSELF4.<#a#f#i.> ,FE/IVAL ,BE+ ! GOD ( W9E1 ,DIONYSUS IS 9EXTRICABLY L9K$ TO FE/IVAL & CELEBRATION4 ,NIETZS*E SPEAKS ( 0,DIONYSIAN DELI 0! EC/ATIC ASPECTS ( ! ,DIONYSIAN FE/IVAL10.<#a#g#a.> 0! ,DIONYSIAN CELEBRATION40.<#a#g#b.> ,DELEUZE EVOKES ! 0TR9ITY ( DANCE1 PLAY & LAU ,IT SEEMS APT ?AT ,/EPH5 ,SNELD]S W\LD CALL A BOOK *APT] D$ICAT$ TO ! BUCCANE] & PIRATE LIFE/YLE 0,JOIE DE ,VIV]3 ,AN ,ET]NAL ,FE/IVAL40.<#a#g#d.> ,! AU?ORS ( 0,PIRATE ,UTOPIAS0 COMM5T CASUALLY3 0,! PIRATES C]TA9LY SEEM TO HAVE HAD MORE FUN ?AN !IR POOR SUFF]+ C\NT]P>TS ON NAVAL OR M]*ANT VESSELS4 ,TEY SURE HAD SOME PRETTY WILD P>TIES40.<#a#g#e.> ,ACCORD+ TO ,M>CUS ,R$IK]1 ! PIRATES 0MADE M]RY4 ,9DE$1 'M]RY' IS ! WORD MO/ COMMONLY US$ TO DESCRIBE ! MOOD & SPIRIT ( LIFE ABO>D ! PIRATE %IP40.<#a#g#f.> ,R$IK] FUR!R EXPLA9S3 0,NOT SURPRIS+LY1 MANY OBS]V]S ( PIRATE LIFE NOT$ ! C>NIVALESQUE QUALITY ( PIRATE OCCASIONS--! EAT+1 DR9K+1 FIDDL+1 DANC+1 & M]RIM5T--& SOME CONSID]$ SU* '9F9ITE ,DISORD]S' 9IMICAL TO GOOD DISCIPL9E AT SEA40.<#a#g#g.> ,! SPECIAL ROLE ( ! MUSICIANS ON PIRATE %IPS \ ! MO/ POPUL> MEMB]S ( ANY PIRATE CREW444 1 M5 :O C\LD COAX A SONG \T ( A PIPE OR A HORN1 & :O W]E (T5 EXCUS$ FROM ! MO/ ON]\S DUTIES 9 RECOGNITION ( !IR TUNEFUL TAL5T40.<#a#g#h.> ,*ANCE ,! FE/IVE *>ACT] ( PIRATE LIFE IMPLI$ ?AT ! MOM5T ( *ANCE WAS A DECISIVE ONE4 ,! LIFE ( ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES HAS BE5 DESCRIB$ AS 0A LIFE 9SECURE 9 ! EXTREME--ONE C\LD NOT KN[ :AT MI ,?IS CORRESPONDS TO ,NIETZS*E'S CONVICTION ?AT ! 0TRUE PHILOSOPH]444LIVES 'UNPHILOSOPHICALLY' & 'UNWISELY1' ESPECIALLY UNREASONABLY1 & FEELS ! CALL & DUTY TO 5GAGE 9 HUNDR$S ( EXP]IM5TS & TEMPTATIONS ( LIFE--HE RISKS HIMSELF ALL ! TIME1 HE PLAYS ! EVIL GAME40.<#a#h.> ,HE BELONGS TO ?OSE :O 0LOVE DANG]1 W>1 & ADV5TURE40.<#a#h#a.> ,! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES' LIFE WAS A LIFE ?AT DEP5D$ ON MOM5TS ( 9T5SITY1 PHILOSOPHICALLY EMBRAC$ 9 7PO/7MOD]N TIMES BY ,JEAN-,FRANCOIS ,LYOT>D & O!RS4.<#a#h#b.> ,9 ,/EPH5 ,SNELD]S' WORDS3 0,NO?+ HAPP5$ = :OLE DAYS EXCEPT ! FL[+ ( ! SEAS & ! PASS+ ( FI% & BIRDS4 ,!N EV]Y?+ HAPP5$ AT ONCE1 DANG] & EXCITEM5T SO>$1 & A MOM5T C\LD MAKE !M RI* OR DEAD40.<#a#h#c.> ,:5 ,SNELD]S PROCE$S TO SPEAK ( A 0V]ITABLE FEA/ ON ! ,:EEL ( ,=TUNE10.<#a#h#d.> WE CANNOT HELP BUT RECALL ,NIETZS*E ASK+3 0,%ALL WE NOT ROLE ! DICE ONLY BECAUSE WE MI ,! METAPHOR SEEMS P>TICUL>LY APT ) RESPECT TO ! PIRATES' WELL-DOCUM5T$ OBSESSION ) GAMBL+4 ,ACCORD+ TO ,MAURICE ,BESSON1 :AT ! ,C>IBBEAN BUCCANE]S & PIRATES NE$$ 0W]E COMBAT & ASSAULT1 & :5 !Y RETURN$1 ORGIES & ! GAMBL+ BO>D40.<#a#h#f.> ,FLUX ,9TR9SICALLY L9K$ TO ! NOTION ( *ANCE IS ! FACT ?AT GOLD5 AGE PIRATE LIFE WAS *>ACT]IZ$ BY 9/ABILITY & 9SECURITY1 P]MAN5T *ANGE1 & FLUX4 ,DANIEL ,BOT+ WRITES3 0,PIRATE CREWS W]E444 1 9 EV]Y S5SE1 A FLOAT+ POPULATION1 9 A CON/ANT /ATE ( FLUX1 NEV] ! SAME SIZE OR COMPOSITION FROM ONE MON? TO ANO!R1 [+ ALLEGIANCE TO NO?+ & NO ONE1 NEI!R %IP1 NOR CAPTA91 NOR CAUSE40.<#a#h#g.> ,M>CUS ,R$IK] ADDS3 0,OCCASIONALLY UPON ELECTION ( A NEW CAPTA91 M5 :O FAVOR$ O!R LEAD]%IP DREW UP NEW >TICLES & SAIL$ AWAY FROM !IR =M] MATES4444,?OSE :O HAD EXP]I5C$ ! CLAU/ROPHOBIC & AU?ORIT>IAN WORLD ( ! M]*ANT %IP *]I%$ ! FRE$OM TO SEP>ATE40.<#a#h#h.> ,AN 9T]E/+ DETAIL TO CONSID] 9 RELATION TO ?IS ASPECT ( ,C>IBBEAN PIRATE CULTURE IS ?AT ! BUCCANE]S APP>5TLY GAVE UP !IR NAMES :5 JO9+ ! COMMUNITY ( ! ,BRE?R5 ( ! ,COA/4 ,9 ! WORDS ( ,MAURICE ,BESSON1 ! BUCCANE]'S 0PA/ WAS =GOT52 HE BECAME A UNIT 9 A TROOP CEASELESSLY DECIMAT$ & AS CEASELESSLY R5EW$40.<#a#h#i.> ,IF ?IS IS TRUE1 !N ! PROTO-9DIVIDUALISM ( ! BUCCANE]S & PIRATES DEPICT$ BY ,PET] ,LAMBORN ,WILSON W\LD HAVE MET ) A REJECTION ( ! SUBJECT ?AT %\LD HAVE PO/- /RUCTURALI/ !ORI/S REJOICE ) DELI ,FE> ,NIETZS*E NEV] D5IES ?AT A LIFE ( 9SECURITY & *ANCE DOES 9CLUDE CRUELTY & FE>4 ,9 FACT1 IT IS A CRUCIAL ASPECT ( HIS PHILOSOPHY ?AT HE DEM&S !SE ASPECTS ( LIFE TO BE EMBRAC$ AS P>T ( EMBRAC+ LIFE ITSELF4 ,9 ,! ,GAY ,SCI5CE1 ,NIETZS*E DEF9ES BE+ H]OIC AS 0SIMULTANE\SLY HEAD+ T[>DS ONE'S MO/ SEV]E SUFF]+ & ONE'S HI ,9 SIMPLE WORDS3 IT IS WOR? BE+ AFRAID IF ?IS MEANS ?AT WE CAN LIVE EXCIT+ LIVES1 & NO LIFE CAN BE EXCIT+ )\T DANG]2 FE> !N SIMPLY BECOMES ! 9EVITABLE SUPPLEM5T4 ,9 ! WORDS ( ,GILLES ,DELEUZE3 0',?OSE :O AFFIRM ! SUP]ABUNDANCE ( LIFE' MAKE SUFF]+ AN AFFIRMATION 9 ! SAME WAY AS !Y MAKE 9TOXICATION AN ACTIVITY40.<#a#i#b.> ,NIETZS*E HIMSELF /ATES3 0,:O W\LD NOT PREF] TO FE> :5 HE CAN ADMIRE AT ! SAME TIME2 RA!R ?AN NOT FE> BUT BE CONDEMN$ TO WAT* ILL-BR$1 WEAK5$1 DEG5]AT$1 POISON$ M5 ONLY8444,WE SUFF] ( MAN1 !RE IS NO D\BT4 ,BUT NOT BECAUSE WE FE> HIM4 ,RA!R BECAUSE !RE IS NO?+ 9 HIM TO FE> ANYMORE4 ,HE HAS TURN$ 9TO A WORM40.<#a#i#c.> ,DEA? ,NIETZS*E NOT ONLY EMBRACES FE> AS A P>T ( LIFE1 BUT DEA? AS WELL4 ,9 ,?US ,SPOKE ,Z>A?U/RA1 HE NOTES3 0,MANY DIE TOO LATE1 & SOME DIE TOO E>LY4444,DIE AT ! RIA?U/RA4 ,!N AGA93 ,HE :O NEV] LIVES AT ! RI ,! LIVES ( MANY GOLD5 AGE PIRATES SEEM$ TO REFLECT ?IS S5TIM5T4 ,! POSSIBILITY ( DEA? WAS ALWAYS NE>--& BECAME A REALITY = MANY4 ,M>CUS ,R$IK] RELATES ?AT 0PREMATURE DEA? WAS444 ! PIRATE'S LOT0 & ?AT 0AT LEA/ ONE 9 F\R DI$ OR WAS KILL$40.<#a#i#e.> ,9 AN 5TRY 9 ,! ,PIRATES' ,:O'S ,:O1 ,PHILIP ,GOSSE M5TIONS ?AT ONE ,TOMAS ,HAZEL1 HANG$ AT ! AGE ( #e1 0IS ONE ( ! LONGE/ LIV$ PIRATES WE HAVE BE5 ABLE TO HE> (40.<#a#i#f.> ,/ILL1 ! POSSIBILITY ( DEA? SEEM$ TO BE NO DET]R5T = MO/ PIRATES TO PURSUE !IR TRADE4 ,!RE >E PROBABLY SOME PSY*O-SOCIOLOGICAL EXPLANATIONS = ?IS1 LIKE ! ONE BY ,DAVID ,CORD+LY3 0,DESPITE ! GREAT RISK ( BE+ CAPTUR$ & EXECUT$ = Y\R DE$S1 PIRACY WAS AN ATRACTIVE ALT]NATIVE TO DY+ ( />VATION1 BECOM+ A BEGG> OR ?IEF ON L&1 OR S]V+ 9 APPALL+ CONDITIONS ON A %IP ) NO *ANCE ( SUB/ANTIAL F9ANCIAL REW>D40.<#a#i#g.> ,?IS IS CONFIRM$ BY ONE ,ROB]T ,SP>KS1 SEAMAN ( ! ,AB+TON1 :O IS QUOT$ BY ,M>CUS ,R$IK] AS SAY+ 0?AT !IR %IP 'W\LD MAKE A GOOD ,PIRATE ,%IP1 =1' HE 9SI/$1 '!Y HAD BET] BE DEAD ?AN LIVE 9 ,MIS]Y4'0.<#a#i#h.> ,?IS CONVICTION EV5 TRANSLAT$ 9TO BELITL+ ! PROSPECTS ( EXECUTION3 0,AS MORE & MORE PIRATES W]E HANG$1 & AS ! LIKELIHOOD ( DEA? = ANYONE :O W5T 'UPON ! ACC\NT' 9CREAS$1 PIRATES RESPOND$ BY 9T5SIFY+ !IR COMMITM5T TO EA* O!R1 'ONE & ALL4' ,& !Y DID SO ) A LAU<40.<#a#i#i.> ,! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES' ATITUDE T[>DS DEA? 7& LIFE7 WAS MO/ FAM\SLY CAPTUR$ 9 A QUOTE ?AT ,CAPTA9 ,JOHNSON ASCRIBES TO ! FAM$ PIRATE CAPTA9 ,B>?OLOMEW ,ROB]TS3 0',9 AN HONE/ S]VICE1' SAYS HE1 '!RE IS ?9 COMMONS1 L[ WAGES1 & H>D LABOR2 9 ?IS1 PL5TY & SATIETY1 PLEASURE & EASE1 LIB]TY & P[]2 & :O W\LD NOT BALANCE CR$ITOR ON ?IS SIDE1 :5 ALL ! HAZ>D ?AT IS RUN = IT1 AT WOR/ IS ONLY A S\R LOOK OR TWO AT *OK+4 ,NO1 A M]RY LIFE & A %ORT ONE1 %ALL BE MY MOTO4'0.<#a#a.> ,9DIFF]5CE T[>DS ! LIKELY PROSPECT ( DEA? WAS ALSO A MA9 FEATURE ( MANY V>IATIONS ( ! ,JOLLY ,ROG]3 0,SOME RECORDS ( PIRATE FLAGS %[ DANC+ SKELETONS1 MEAN+ DANC+ A JIG ) DEA?1 SYNONYM\SLY PLAY+ ) DEA?1 OR NOT C>+ AB\T FATE4 ,?IS WAS ALSO ! SYMBOLISM BEH9D RAIS$ DR9K+ GLASSES1 ! IMAGE REF]R+ TO A TOA/ TO DEA? 9 /ORE--?OSE FLY+ ?IS FLAG DIDN'T C>E AB\T !IR FATE40.<#a#a#a.> ,M>CUS ,R$IK] SUGGE/S ?AT 0A DEFIANCE ( DEA?0 WAS NOT ONLY ! MEAN+ ( ! PIRATE FLAG1 BUT P]HAPS 0( PIRACY ALTOGE!R40.<#a#a#b.> ,9 ANO!R FAM\S QUOTE RELAT$ BY ,JOHNSON1 ,M>Y ,READ SAYS 0?AT AS TO HANG+1 %E ?\D%IP1 = W]E IT NOT = ?AT1 EV]Y C[>DLY FELL[ W\LD TURN PIRATE1 & SO 9FE/ ! SEAS ?AT M5 ( C\RAGE MU/ />VE40.<#a#a#c.> ,EV5 IF HANG+ WAS ?US ACCEPT$ AS DET]R5CE1 IT IS ONLY FIT+ ?AT MANY PIRATES1 9 !IR SELF-DET]M9$ WAYS1 W]E SET ON D5Y+ ! AU?ORITIES ! GRATIFICATION ( EXECUT+ !M EV5 :5 !Y W]E READY TO DIE4 ,M5 ( ,B>?OLOMEW ,ROB]TS' CREW ALLEG$LY TOLD PASS5G]S ON ONE ( ! VESSELS !Y TOOK ?AT !Y W\LD NOT 0GO TO ,HOPE ,PO9T TO BE HANG$ A-SUN-DRY+10 BUT ?AT1 0IF IT %\LD *ANCE ?AT !Y %\LD BE ATACK$ BY ANY SUP]I\R P[] OR =CE1 :I* !Y C\LD NOT MA/]1 !Y W\LD IMM$IATELY PUT FIRE ) ONE ( !IR PI/OLS TO !IR P[D]1 & GO ALL M]RILY TO HELL TOGE!R60.<#a#a#d.> ,ACCORD+ TO ,M>CUS ,R$IK]1 09DE$1 MANY CREWS PL$G$ TO EA* O!R ?AT ',!Y W\LD BL[ UP RA!R ?AN BE TAK54'0.<#a#a#e.> ,TOGE!R ) !IR DEFIANCE ( DEA?1 MANY PIRATES SEEM$ TO =SAKE HEAV5 TOO4 ,WILLIAM ,SNELGRAVE REPORTS ?AT MEMB]S ( PIRATE CAPTA9 ,TOMAS ,COCKLYN'S CREW AFFIRM$ ?AT !Y W]E ON A 0VOYAGE TO HELL40.<#a#a#f.> ,ONCE AGA91 IT IS A QUOTE FROM ,CAPTA9 ,JOHNSON'S ,G5]AL ,HI/ORY ?AT SUMS UP ! S5TIM5T BE/4 ,:5 ,TO4 ,SUTON1 ONE ( ! CAPTUR$ PIRATES ( ,B>?OLOMEW ,ROB]TS' CREW1 ASKS A FELL[ PRAY+ PRISON]1 0,:AT HE PROPOS$ BY SO MU* NOISE & DEVOTION10 & RECEIVES1 0,HEAV51 ,I HOPE10 AS AN ANSW]1 HE DECL>ES3 0,HEAV51 Y\ FOOL444,DID Y\ EV] HE> ( ANY PIRATES GO+ ?I!R8 ,GIVE ME H-LL1 IT'S A M]RI] PLACE2 ,I'LL GIVE ,ROB]TS A SALUTE ( #ac GUNS AT 5TRANCE40.<#a#a#g.> ,DE/RUCTION ,! ASSOCIATIONS BETWE5 GOLD5 AGE PIRACY1 RAID+1 & CRUELTY POSE NO PROBLEM 9 ! CONTEXT ( ,NIETZS*E'S PHILOSOPHY4 ,9 FACT1 ,NIETZS*E SEES DIRECT L9KS BETWE5 DE/RUCTIVE ACTIVITY & EXI/5TIAL ADVANCE4 ,AN (T5 QUOT$ PASSAGE FROM ,BEYOND ,GOOD & ,EVIL 9EVITABLY REM9DS ( ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES' 5DEAVORS3 ,LET US CL>IFY )\T RES]VATIONS H[ EA* HI<] =M ( CULTURE BEGAN ?AT ! E>? HAS KN[N3 ,M5 :O W]E /ILL 9 T\* ) !IR NATURAL SELVES1 B>B>IANS 9 EA* T]RIBLE S5SE ( ! WORD1 RAID]S :O /ILL HAD UNCON/RA9$ WILL & A DESIRE = P[]1 ATACK$ WEAK]1 MORE CIVILIZ$1 MORE PEACEFUL RACES--MAYBE TRAD]S OR PA/ORALI/S REPRES5T+ OLD & WE>Y CULTURES 9 :I* ! LA/ GLIMPSES ( LIFE HAVE DISAPPE>$ BEH9D ! OV]:ELM+ *>ADES ( REASON & RU94 ,! MO/ NOBLE CA/E WAS ORIG9ALLY ALWAYS ! B>B>IAN CA/E3 !IR DOM9ANCE WAS NOT PRIM>ILY PHYSICAL BUT SPIRITUAL--!Y W]E MORE COMPLETE HUMAN BE+S4.<#a#a#h.> ,GILLES ,DELEUZE TIES ! MEAN+ ( DE/RUCTION TO ! ,DIONYSIAN MOM5T 9 ,NIETZS*E'S ?\ ,IT IS NOT SURPRIS+ !N ?AT ,NIETZS*E /ATES ?AT 0! ACTIVE1 ATACK+1 IMPORTUNATE HUMAN IS 9 ANY CASE A HUNDR$ /EPS CLOS] TO JU/ICE ?AN ! REACTIVE10.<#a#a#a.> & ?AT HE W\LD PRAISE A 0JU/ICE ( PUNI%M5T10.<#a#a#a#a.> REM9ISC5T ( ! CORE ( ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES' E?ICS4 ,9TOXICATION ,DIONYSUS BE+ ! GOD ( W9E &1 9 ,NIETZS*E'S WORDS1 ! 0>TI/ ( 9TOXICATION10.<#a#a#a#b.> IT SEEMS IMPOSSIBLE NOT TO M5TION ! SIGNIFICANCE ( DR9K )9 ! PIRATE COMMUNITY4 ,/EPH5 ,SNELD]S CONT5TS HIMSELF TO PO9T \T ?AT 0ALCOHOL WAS A B9D+ ELEM5T AMONG ! PIRATES40.<#a#a#a#c.> ,O!R COMM5TATORS1 H[EV]1 >E MORE BOLD3 :ILE ,M>CUS ,R$IK] SUGGE/S ?AT 0= ONE MAN 7& PROBABLY A GREAT MANY MORE7 :O JO9$ ! PIRATES1 DR9K WAS MORE IMPORTANT ?AN ! WEAL? ?AT HE MI ,FRANK ,%]RY WRITES ?AT 0IT WAS ! FRE$OM TO DR9K AS MU* & AS (T5 AS HE LIK$ ?AT ! ORD9>Y SEA \TLAW PRIZ$ ABOVE ALL O!RS40.<#a#a#a#e.> ,9DE$1 :ILE ,EXQUEMEL9 SUGGE/S ?AT ! BUCCANE]S DR9K BR&Y 0AS LIB]ALLY AS ! ,SPANI>DS DO CLE> F\NTA9 WAT]10.<#a#a#a#f.> ,CAPTA9 ,JOHNSON RELATES ?AT 0NAY1 SOBRIETY BR\ ,ANO!R 5T]TA9+ PASSAGE FROM ! ,G5]AL ,HI/ORY CONFIRMS ! E/EEM ?AT ALCOHOL WAS HELD 9 BY ! PIRATES3 ,:5 PLANT]S FROM ,MAURITIUS VISIT$ A FOOD-POISON$ PIRATE CREW ABO>D !IR %IP1 0!Y ADVIS$ !IR DR9K+ PL5TIFULLY ( /RONG LIQUORS1 :I* WAS ! ONLY WAY TO EXPEL ! POISON444 .<,! PIRATES.> READILY FOLL[$ ?IS ADVICE1 AS ! PRESCRIPTION WAS AGREEABLE40.<#a#a#a#h.> ,NIETZS*E W\LD HAVE PROBABLY NOT APPROV$ ( ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES' DR9K+ ORGIES4 ,9 FACT1 9 ,! ,DAWN HE CRITICIZES ?OSE :O 0P]CEIVE 9TOXICATION AS !IR TRUE LIFE1 AS !IR ACTUAL SELF0 & :O BELIEVE 9 09TOXICATION AS ! LIFE )9 LIFE40.<#a#a#a#i.> ,NONE!LESS1 HE DECL>ES 9 ,! ,BIR? ( ,TRAG$Y ?AT 0! ESS5CE ( ! ,DIONYSIAN PR9CIPLE BECOMES MO/ COMPREH5SIBLE = US ?R\< ! ANALOGY ( 9TOXICATION40.<#a#a#b.> ,MAYBE ! ,WE/ ,9DIES REALLY W]E A WELCOM+ PLACE = ,FRI$RI* ,NIETZS*E--OR1 9 ANY CASE1 = ! GOD ( W9E1 ,DIONYSUS4 ,9 ! ,G5EALOGY ( ,MORALS ,NIETZS*E WRITES3 ,IT SEEMS LIKE ! MORALI/S HATE ! JUNGLE & ! TROPICS2 IT SEEMS ?AT !Y HAVE TO DISCR$IT ! 'TROPICAL HUMAN' BY ALL MEANS--BE IT ?AT !Y CALL HIM A DISEASE OR A DEG5]AT$ BE+1 BE IT ?AT !Y SUGGE/ HIM LIV+ 9 HELL1 A SORT ( E>?LY PURGATORY4 ,BUT :Y8 ,TO DEF5D ! 'TEMP]ATE ZONES'8.<#a#a#b#a.> ,! POLITICAL AMBIGUITIES ?AT WE HAVE 5C\NT]$ ?R\<\T ?IS BOOK CAN- NOT BE RESOLV$ BY >GUM5TS OV] ! 'RIIS ,COMMUNE444HAD A DAILY PAP] CALL$ ,LE ,PIRATE40.<#a#a#b#b.> ,ONE ( ! WIDE/ & MO/ D$ICAT$ RESI/ANCE MOVEM5TS TO ! ,NAZI REGIME 9 ,G]MANY WAS CALL$ ,$ELWEISSPIRAT5 7,$ELWEISS ,PIRATES74 ,TODAY1 ,RAMOR ,RYAN WRITES A 0PIRATE J\RNAL10.<#a#a#b#c.> ! WEBSITE ( ! AN>*I/ ,CRIME?,9C4 PROJECT IS ADORN$ BY A ,CRIME?,9C4-*>ACT]I/IC ,JOLLY ,ROG] SP9-(F1.<#a#a#b#d.> A ,CAPT'N ,MAYHEM EXPLA9S 9 A PAMPHLET 5TITL$ ,LONG ,LIVE ,MUT9Y6 H[ 0PIRATE TACTICS0 CAN 9SPIRE RADICAL ORGANIZ+1.<#a#a#b#e.> & A RADICAL FAN CULTURE ) GLOBAL APPEAL HAS =M$ >\ND ! PIRATE FLAG ( ! ,/4 ,PAULI SOCC] CLUB SUPPORT]S4.<#a#a#b#f.> ,WE EV5 HAVE A GR\P ( FOLKS SAIL+ ! OCEANS AS ,PIRATES = ,PEACE .<#a#a#b#g.>--A MISNOM] SO APP>5T ?AT IT IS B\ND TO >\SE 9T]E/4 ,EV5 ACADEMICS USE ! SKULL & CROSSBONES TO ADD SOME EXTRA RADICAL CR$IBILITY TO !IR OEUVRES1 AS ANYONE :O VISITS ! ,CON/ITU5T ,IMAG9ATION WEBSITE CAN TE/IFY TO4.<#a#a#b#h.> ,9 FACT1 !RE >E AT LEA/ TWO POPUL> BOOKS BY RADICAL 9TELLECTUALS :OSE TITLES 9CLUDE A PIRATE REF]5CE EV5 ?\< !Y >E NOT AB\T PIRATES AT ALL3 ,NOAM ,*OMSKY'S ,PIRATES & ,EMP]ORS 7A BOOK AB\T ,U,S IMP]IALISM 9 ! ,MIDDLE ,EA/71 & ,T>IQ ,ALI'S ,PIRATES ( ! ,C>IBBEAN 7A BOOK AB\T NEW LEFI/ MOVEM5TS 9 ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA74 ,( C\RSE ! ,JOLLY ,ROG] NOT ONLY ADORNS RADICAL WEBSITES BUT ALSO--9 MU* HI<] NUMB]S--BABY SOCKS1 PLA/IC PLATES1 BE] CAN COOL]S1 CORPORATE TOYS1 VIDEO GAMES1 & RECORDS BY REALLY BAD B&S--NOT TO EV5 M5TION ! UBIQUIT\S ,OAKL& ,RAID]S P>APH]NALIA4 ,TO MANY RADICALS ?IS IS A MAJOR S\RCE ( IRRITATION S9CE 7ANO!R7 ONE ( 0!IR0 SYMBOLS HAS BECOME COMM]CIALIZ$4 ,!RE SEEMS TO BE NO REASON TO DESPAIR1 H[EV]4 ,! AMBIGUITY ( ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES' POLITICS HAS BE5 ONE ( ! MA9 TOPICS ( ?IS BOOK4 ,RADICAL & REVOLUTION>Y ELEM5TS DID EXI/ )9 GOLD5 AGE PIRATE CULTURE--0SOME?+ M5AC+444 ?AT EV5 ,HOLLYWOOD CAN'T ]ASE10 AS ! $ITORS ( ,NO ,QU>T]1 AN ,AN>*I/ ,Z9E AB\T ,PIRATES1 PRECI\SLY /ATE4.<#a#a#b#i.> ,AT ! SAME TIME1 ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES CAN H>DLY BE UNCONDITIONALLY EMBRAC$ AS RADICALS & REVOLUTION>IES4 ,?IS MEANS ?AT RADICALS F9D !MSELVES ON %AKY GR\ND IF !Y CRY F\L EV]Y TIME !Y SEE PIRATE SYMBOLS 9 A CONTEXT !Y DO NOT LIKE4 ,ACTUALLY1 IT SEEMS LIKELY ?AT MANY PIRATES ( ! GOLD5 AGE W\LD D]IVE MORE SATISFACTION FROM ! MULTI-BILLION DOLL> MOVIES ?AT >E BAS$ ON !IR LIVES ?AN FROM F9D+ !IR 9SIGNIA ON ! WALLS ( SOME RUN- D[N SQUAT4 ,BESIDES1 MAK+ MONEY (F ! PIRATE GLORY IS NO NEW 9V5TION4 ,HI/ORIANS TELL ( 0A SAILMAK]'S WID[ 9 A HOVEL 9 ,NASSAU .<:O.> MADE A PREC>I\S LIV+0 BY /IT*+ ,JOLLY ,ROG]S4.<#a#a#c.> ,9 %ORT1 ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES >E NOT 0\RS0--BUT !IR LEGACY IS \RS TO TAKE4 ,! RADICAL & REVOLUTION>Y ASPECTS ( GOLD5 AGE PIRACY HAVE TO BE TEAS$ \T & APPLI$ TO CONTEMPOR>Y RADICAL & REVOLUTION>Y POLITICS4 ,SU* AN APPROA* SEEMS LIB]AT+ 9 FACT4 ,BY NOT CLAIM+ [N]%IP OR 0TRUE REPRES5TATION0 ( ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES1 QUITE A FEW RA!R TRITE--& 9 ! 5D (T5 PO9TLESS-->GUM5TS CAN BE AVOID$3 :E!R !Y W]E MORE VIOL5T ?AN M]*ANT CAPTA9S1 :E!R ! ,AFRICANS ON !IR %IPS W]E CREW MEMB]S OR SLAVES1 :E!R !Y HAD AN ANTI-CAPITALI/ CONSCI\SNESS OR NOT1 ETC4 ,9/EAD1 WE CAN FOCUS \R 5]GIES ON PROV+ ! RADICAL & REVOLUTION>Y ASPECTS ( GOLD5 AGE PIRACY BY BR++ !M ALIVE 9 \R POLITICS4 ,& ?IS TOO W\LD PROBABLY SATISFY AT LEA/ SOME ( ! PIRATES :O1 WE CAN SAFELY ASSUME1 W\LD RA!R CONT9UE TO PROVIDE SP>KS ( FRE$OM ?AN SURVIVE AS M]E OBJECTS ( HI/ORY4 ,UNCONDITIONALLY EMBRAC+ ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES AS ROLE MODELS = RADICAL POLITICS HAS REPEAT$LY BE5 QUE/ION$ 9 ?IS BOOK4 ,! REASONS MI ,?IS ( C\RSE LEADS US BACK TO C5TURY-OLD DISCUSSIONS AB\T 09DIVIDUALISM VS4 COLLECTIVISM_/SOCIALISM40 ,!RE SEEMS LITLE PO9T 9 REVISIT+ !SE DISCUSSIONS H]E4 ,H[EV]1 AB&ON+ ANY COMMITM5T TO MAK+ LIFE BET] = ALL SEEMS H>D TO ACCEPT = A RADICAL POLITICAL MOVEM5T4 ,9DIVIDUALI/ !ORIES ( LIB]ATION /RESS+ ! NE$ TO LIB]ATE Y\RSELF 7& ! RE/ WILL FOLL[7 BUILD ON A /RICT DI*OTOMY BETWE5 ! 9DIVIDUAL & SOCIETY ?AT1 9 ! 5D1 ONLY S]VES CAPITALISM & ! /ATE1 AS IT UND]M9ES ! COLLECTIVE EF=T NECESS>Y TO BR+ AB\T ! FUNDAM5TAL SOCIAL *ANGE NE$$ TO FREE US ALL4 ,! 9DIVIDUAL CANNOT EXI/ )\T SOCIETY NOR CAN SOCIETY EXI/ )\T ! 9DIVIDUAL4 ,NEI!R =M ( LIB]ATION--9DIVIDUAL OR COLLECTIVE--IS SUP]IOR TO ! O!R4 ,!Y >E ONE & ! SAME4 ,TRY+ TO SEP>ATE !M WILL DOOM \R /RUGGLE TO FAILURE4 ,9 FACT1 ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES MIE A COMMON CULTURE ?AT IMPLI$ SOLID>ITY & FEEL+S ( COLLECTIVE ID5TITY BUT ?IS NEV] TRANSLAT$ 9TO ! K9D ( CONCRETE NETWORK ?AT W\LD HAVE BE5 NECESS>Y TO SU/A9 !IR NOMADIC1 LIB]T>IAN & 9DEP5D5T LIFE/YLE 9 ! FACE ( ! P[]S ?AT CAME AFT] !M4 ,IT IS WOR? QUOT+ TWO HI/ORIANS AT L5G? :OSE OBS]VATIONS SUM ?IS UP V]Y CONV9C+LY4 ,K5NE? ,J4 ,K9KOR WRITES3 ,UNABLE TO MOBILIZE !IR [N FULL /R5G?1 AS WELL AS ! POT5TIAL SUPPORT ( O!R OPPRESS$ SEGM5TS ( ! SOCIETY !Y HAD REJECT$1 ! EIOON SOCIETIES ?R\<\T ! ,AM]ICAS4' ,:ILE DISCIPL9E & C5TRALIZ$ AU?ORITY HELP$ L&- BAS$ M>OON SOCIETIES SURVIVE1 & EV5 FL\RI%1 ! C5TRAL FEATURE & P>AM\NT ATRACTION ( PIRACY WAS ITS LIB]T>IAN *>ACT]4 ,IT IS A PR(\ND IRONY ?AT IT WAS1 9 P>T1 ! PIRATES' [N ?IR/ = FRE$OM :I* DOOM$ !M 9 AN 'AIMLESS REBELLION .<:I*.> 5D$ BY SUPPRESS+ ITSELF4'.<#a#a#c#b.> ,9 ! SAME VE91 ,M>CUS ,R$IK] EXPLA9S3 ,PIRATES !MSELVES UNWIT+LY TOOK A H& 9 !IR [N DE/RUCTION4 ,FROM ! \TSET1 !IRS HAD BE5 A FRAGILE SOCIAL WORLD4 ,!Y PRODUC$ NO?+ & HAD NO SECURE PLACE 9 ! ECONOMIC ORD]4 ,!Y HAD NO NATION1 NO HOME2 !Y W]E WIDELY DISP]S$2 !IR COMMUNITY HAD VIRTUALLY NO GEOGRAPHIC B\ND>IES4 ,TRY AS !Y MI ,IT IS 5LIF>E 9 ?IS CONTEXT4 ,LET US COMP>E ! FOLL[+ OBS]VATIONS ( ,*E ,GUEV>A & ,MAO ,TSE-,TUNG ) ! ANALYZES ABOVE4 ,GUEV>A WRITES3 ,! GU]RILLA >MY COMPRISES ALL ! PEOPLE ( A REGION OR A C\NTRY4 ,?AT IS ! REASON = ITS /R5G? & = ITS EV5TUAL VICTORY OV] :ATSOEV] P[] TRIES TO CRU% IT2 ?AT IS1 ! BASE & GR\ND+ ( ! GU]RILLA IS ! PEOPLE4 ,ONE CANNOT IMAG9E SMALL >M$ GR\PS1 NO MAT] H[ MOBILE & FAMILI> ) ! T]RA91 SURVIV+ ! ORGANIZ$ P]SECUTION ( A WELL-EQUIPP$ >MY )\T ?IS P[]FUL ASSI/ANCE4 ,! TE/ IS ?AT ALL B&ITS1 ALL BRIG& GANGS1 EV5TUALLY SUCCUMB TO ! C5TRAL P[]4.<#a#a#c#d.> ,MAO /ATES3 ,ABILITY TO FI )\T A RE> IS A FUNDAM5TAL *>ACT]I/IC ( GU]RILLA ACTION1 BUT ?IS DOES NOT MEAN ?AT GU]RILLAS CAN EXI/ & FUNCTION OV] A LONG P]IOD ( TIME )\T ! DEVELOPM5T ( BASE >EAS4 ,HI/ORY %[S US MANY EXAMPLES (444 REVOLTS ?AT W]E UNSUCCESSFUL1 & IT IS FANCIFUL TO BELIEVE ?AT SU* MOVEM5TS1 *>ACT]IZ$ BY B&ITRY & BRIG&AGE1 C\LD SUCCE$ 9 . ]A ( IMPROV$ COMMUNICATIONS & MILIT>Y EQUIPM5T4.<#a#a#c#e.> ,IT IS NOT ONLY ! LACK ( SOCIAL ORGANIZATION ?AT HAS BE5 NAM$ AS A REASON = ! PIRATES' 9ABILITY TO RESI/ ! AU?ORITIES' ATACK4 ,$W>D ,LUCIE- ,SMI? IS BUT ONE :O HAS >GU$ ?AT 0:AT MITIGAT$ AGA9/ ! LONG CONT9UATION ( PIRACY ON ! GR& SCALE WAS NOT SO MU* ! SUCCESS ( ! AU?ORITIES 9 DEAL+ ) IT AS ! 9H]5T WEAKNESS ( PIRATE SOCIETY4 ,P]HAPS MORE PIRATES DI$ ( DR9K & DISEASE ?AN W]E EV] IMPRISON$ OR HANG$4444,MANY %IPS W]E WRECK$1 RA!R ?AN SUNK OR CAPTUR$40.<#a#a#c#f.> ,SOME PASSAGES FROM ,CAPTA9 ,JOHNSON'S VOLUMES SEEM TO CONFIRM ?IS4 ,ONE PIRATE CREW IS DESCRIB$ AS HAV+ LO/ 0!IR CAPTA9 & ?IRTY M51 BY ! DI/EMP] !Y CONTRACT$10.<#a#a#c#g.> :ILE ANO!R 0LO/ #g M5 BY !IR EXCESSES2 HAV+ BE5 LONG )\T FRE% PROVISION1 ! EAT+ IMMOD]ATELY1 DR9K+ TOKE 7A LIQUOR MADE ( HONEY7 TO EXCESS & BE+ TOO FREE ) ! WOM51 !Y FELL 9TO VIOL5T FEV]S :I* C>RI$ !M (F40.<#a#a#c#h.> ,M>CUS ,R$IK] HAS PO9T$ TO ANO!R ASPECT ?AT HELPS EXPLA9 ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES' FAILURE TO G5]ATE A LONG-LA/+ COMMUNITY4 ,IT SEEMS TRIVIAL YET P]SUASIVE3 0,BY LIMIT+ ! ROLE ( WOM5 ABO>D !IR %IPS1 PIRATES MAY HAVE MADE IT MORE DIFFICULT TO REPRODUCE !MSELVES AS A COMMUNITY & H5CE EASI] = ! /ATE TO WAGE ITS DEADLY ASSAULT UPON !M40.<#a#a#c#i.> ,! OBS]VATION REFLECTS ,HOBSBAWM'S V]DICT ON ! HAIDUKS3 0,HAIDUKS W]E ALWAYS FREE M51 BUT 9 ! TYPICAL CASE ( ! ,BALKAN HAIDUKS !Y W]E NOT FREE COMMUNITIES4 ,= ! CETA OR B&1 BE+ ESS5TIALLY A VOLUNT>Y UNION ( 9DIVIDUALS :O CUT !MSELVES (F FROM !IR K91 WAS AUTOMATICALLY AN ABNORMAL SOCIAL UNIT1 S9CE IT LACK$ WIVES1 *ILDR5 & L&40.<#a#a#d.> ,F9ALLY1 !RE IS ! QUE/ION ( ECONOMIC SU/A9ABILITY :I* ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES HAD NO PROVISIONS =4 ,9 ,*RIS ,L&'S WORDS3 0,! PIRATES ( ! GOLD5 AGE APPE> TO HAVE HAD NO VISION ( AN ALT]NATIVE POLITICAL ECONOMY & !IR UPRIS+ W\LD HAVE FAIL$ HAD IT BR\ ,9 ! F9AL ANALYSIS1 ?IS R5D]$ !IR 0ANTI-CAPITALI/0 ACTIVITIES 9EFFECTIVE3 0,! PIRATES DID LITLE TO OV]?R[ ! P[] ( ! ,EUROPEAN1 COLONIAL /ATES OR ! GLOBAL FL[S ( CAPITALI/ ACCUMULATION40.<#a#a#d#b.> ,H[EV]1 AS HAS BE5 >GU$ CONSI/5TLY ?R\<\T ?IS VOLUME1 ! IMPOSSIBILITY ( EMBRAC+ GOLD5 AGE PIRATES AS RADICAL ROLE MODELS DOES NOT R5D] !M 9SIGNIFICANT = CONTEMPOR>Y RADICAL POLITICS4 ,9 FACT1 ! WAYS 9 :I* GOLD5 AGE PIRATES CAN 9=M !SE >E MULTIFOLD3 #a4 ,! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES >E S\RCES ( 9SPIRATION4 ,:5 ,]IC ,HOBSBAWM WRITES ?AT ! 0TRAG$Y0 ( ! B&ITS WAS ?AT !IR 0CONTRIBUTION TO MOD]N REVOLUTIONS WAS444 AMBIGU\S1 D\BTFUL & %ORT . AS B&ITS !Y C\LD AT BE/1 LIKE ,MOSES1 DISC]N ! PROMIS$ L&10.<#a#a#d#c.> ! ASSUMPTION ?AT ?IS WAS A TRAG$Y MAY BE *ALL5G$4 ,IT DOES NOT NECESS>ILY SEEM TRAGIC TO 0DISC]N ! PROMIS$ L&40 ,9 FACT1 IT MIKABLE A*IEVEM5T4 ,AS ,M>CUS ,R$IK] SUCC9CTLY PUTS IT1 ! PIRATES 0D>$ TO IMAG9E A DIFF]5T LIFE1 & !Y D>$ TO TRY TO LIVE IT40.<#a#a#d#d.> ,IF !RE IS NO 9SPIRATIONAL MOM5TUM 9 SU* A V5TURE1 :]E CAN 9SPIRATIONAL MOM5TUM COME FROM8 ,FRANK ,%]RY'S CONCLUSION SEEMS APT3 0,CLE>LY ! BRIG&S ( ,MADAGASC> & ,NEW ,PROVID5CE /ILL SPEAK TO US4 ,!Y TELL US1 EV5 ACROSS ! C5TURIES1 ?AT IF M5 >E D5I$ ! *ANCE TO LIVE 9 FRE$OM1 !Y WILL MAKE !IR [N FRE$OM1 EV5 IF ! SPECIFIC %APE ( ?AT FRE$OM MAY NOT BE BEAUTIFUL OR IDEALI/IC40.<#a#a#d#e.> ,WE \ #b4 ,! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES' =MS ( SOCIAL ORGANIZ+ IMPLY POT5TIAL = REVOLUTION>Y ORGANIZ+4 ,]IC ,HOBSBAWM CONC$ES ?AT !RE >E 0TWO ?+S0 ?AT CAN TURN ! 0MODE/1 IF VIOL5T1 SOCIAL OBJECTIVE ( B&ITS4449TO G5U9E REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5TS03.<#a#a#d#g.> ONE1 TO BECOME 0A SYMBOL1 EV5 ! SPE>HEAD1 ( RESI/ANCE20.<#a#a#d#h.> & TWO1 TO EVOKE ! 0HUMAN LIFE DREAM (444 A WORLD ( EQUALITY1 BRO!RHOOD & FRE$OM1 A TOTALLY NEW WORLD )\T EVIL40.<#a#a#d#i.> ,! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES BECAME SU* A SYMBOL & !Y EVOK$ SU* A DREAM--& IT IS ?IS MOM5TUM ?AT CONTEMPOR>Y RADICALS HAVE TO 9VIGORATE4 ,! ?REE MO/ CONCRETE ASPECTS 9 :I* SU* MOM5TUM MANIFE/$ ITSELF DUR+ ! GOLD5 AGE W]E3 ,ONE1 ANTI-AU?ORIT>IANISM1 OR ! ABOVE- M5TION$ 0PROTO-9DIVIDUALI/-AN>*I/ ATITUDE0 ) :I* 0A PIRATE 5T]$ ! POLITICAL SPH]ES ( AN>*I/ ORGANIZATION & FE/IVAL40.<#a#a#e.> ,TWO1 DEFIANCE1 :I* SEEMS BE/ ILLU/RAT$ BY YET ANO!R COMP>ISON TO ,HOBSBAWM'S SOCIAL B&IT3 0,HE IS AN \TSID] & A REBEL1 A POOR MAN :O REFUSES TO ACCEPT ! NORMAL ROLES ( POV]TY1 & E/ABLI%ES HIS FRE$OM BY MEANS ( ! ONLY RES\RCES )9 REA* ( ! POOR1 /R5G?1 BRAV]Y1 CUNN+ & DET]M9ATION4 ,?IS DRAWS HIM CLOSE TO ! POOR3 HE IS ONE ( !M40.<#a#a#e#a.> ,& ?REE1 9T]NAL DEMOCRACY & EGALIT>IANISM1 :I* CREAT$ 0AN ALT]NATIVE TO ! APPALL+ CONDITIONS UND] :I* ORD9>Y SEAM5 HAD TO LIVE40.<#a#a#e#b.> ,R$IK] SUMM>IZES ?IS AS FOLL[S3 ,! E>LY-EITICLES ( AGREEM5T ?AT E/ABLI%$ ! RULES & CU/OMS ( ! PIRATES' SOCIAL ORD]4444,PIRATES DI/RIBUT$ JU/ICE1 ELECT$ (FIC]S1 DIVID$ LOOT EQUALLY1 & E/ABLI%$ A DIFF]5T DISCIPL9E4 ,!Y LIMIT$ ! AU?ORITY ( ! CAPTA91 RESI/$ MANY ( ! PRACTICES ( ! CAPITALI/ M]*ANT %IPP+ 9DU/RY1 & MA9TA9$ A MULTICULTURAL1 MULTIRACIAL1 MULT9ATIONAL SOCIAL ORD]4 ,!Y S\ ,?AT ALL ?REE ( !SE ASPECTS HAD A HI< POLITICAL SIGNIFICANCE CANNOT ONLY BE D$UC$ FROM ,HOBSBAWM'S CONCESSION ?AT A B&IT 0=MS A NUCLEUS ( >M$ /R5G?1 & !RE=E A POLITICAL =CE10.<#a#a#e#d.> BUT ALSO FROM ! AU?ORITIES' REACTIONS AT ! TIME4 ,EV5 IF ! DEF5SE ( COMM]CIAL 9T]E/S WAS A PRIME MOTIVATION = EMB>K+ ON !IR CRUSADE AGA9/ ! PIRATES1 !RE WAS MORE TO IT4 ,! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES DID POSE A POLITICAL ?REAT AS WELL4 ,P>TLY DUE TO ! 9H]5TLY POLITICAL *>ACT] ( COMM]CE :I* R5D]$ ! PIRATES' ATACKS ON M]*ANT %IPS1 AS ,JANICE ,E4 ,TOMSON PUTS IT1 0A PROTE/ AGA9/ ! OBVI\S USE ( /ATE 9/ITUTIONS TO DEF5D PROP]TY & DISCIPL9E LABOR10.<#a#a#e#e.> BUT P>TLY ALSO BECAUSE ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES BR\CUS ,R$IK] /ATES1 0! MORE ?AT PIRATES BUILT & 5JOY$ ! M]RY1 AUTONOM\S EXI/5CE ! MORE DET]M9$ ! AU?ORITIES GREW TO DE/ROY !M40.<#a#a#e#f.> #c4 ,!RE IS A LIBID9AL DIM5SION TO ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES' REVOLT ?AT HAS PROV5 ESS5TIAL 9 LIB]ATORY POLITICS ?R\<\T ! AGES4 ,?IS DIM5SION ( ! PIRATE PROTE/ IS CLOSELY TI$ TO ,NIETZS*E'S VITALISM & ,DIONYSIAN PHILOSOPHY4 ,IT IS ONE ?AT NO SUBV]SIVE MOVEM5T WANT+ TO SU/A9 ITSELF & ATRACT NEW COMRADES CAN =GO4 ,/EPH5 ,SNELD]S SAYS IT WELL3 0,! SOCIAL REBELLION 9VOLV$ 9 PIRACY RESEMBLES ! 9/9CTIVE & VIOL5T SOCIAL REBELLION ( ,BONNY & ,CLYDE3 AS MU* CONC]N$ ) HAV+ A GOOD TIME AS ) %OOT+ D[N ! 5EMY40.<#a#a#e#g.> #d4 ,! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES1 !IR ACTIONS1 !IR LORE & !IR IMAG]Y =M ! BACKDROP TO V>I\S EFFECTIVE RADICAL 9T]V5TIONS 9 CONTEMPOR>Y POLITICS4 ,*RIS ,L&'S ESSAY 0,FLY+ ! ,BLACK ,FLAG0 DOES A WOND]FUL JOB RELAT+ GOLD5 AGE PIRACY TO CURR5T POLITICAL ACTIVISM--& DI/+UI%+ !SE RELATIONS FROM COMM]CIAL ONES4 ,AS ,L& PO9TS \T3 0,SO LONG AS PEOPLE KEEP CONSUM+ PIRACY--RA!R ?AN PRACTIC+ IT--!N CAPITALISM WON'T HAVE A PROBLEM4 ,BUT IF PEOPLE />T$ ACTUALLY 5GAG+ 9 PIRACY1 ,DISNEY W\LD BE ONE ( ! FIR/ UP 9 >MS40.<#a#a#e#h.> ,!RE >E A NUMB] ( EXAMPLES 9 :I* ! 0MORE OPPOSITIONAL & 9SURG5T FIGURE ( PIRACY0.<#a#a#e#i.> & ITS 0SUBV]SIVE TRADITION0.<#a#a#f.> %[S ITSELF TODAY & PROVES ?AT 0! PIRATES' POLITICAL LEGACY HAS BE5 LONG LA/+ & HAS MADE A SIGNIFICANT CONTRIBUTION TO ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! CONTEMPOR>Y CULTURE ( RADICAL1 ANTI-CAPITALI/ & AN>*I/ DISS5T40.<#a#a#f#a.> A7 ,!RE IS ! /RONG TRADITION ( ! ,TEMPOR>Y ,AUTONOM\S ,ZONE ?AT ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES--AMONG MANY O!RS--HAVE BE5 P>T (4.<#a#a#f#b.> ,?IS TRADITION MANIFE/S ITSELF TODAY FROM UND]GR\ND SOCIAL C5T]S TO SQUATS1 RADICAL NEIILY1 A LIFE ( 0FRE$OM1 EQUALITY1 H>MONY1 & ABUNDANCE0.<#a#a#f#c.> ?R\< PRACTICAL EXP]IM5T IS POSSIBLE4 ,!Y 0MAKE SOME P>T ( ! MY? REAL1 IF ONLY = A %ORT TIME40.<#a#a#f#d.> B7 ,ANTI-CAPITALI/ PROTE/]S >\ND ! WORLD RITICIPATE 9 A SY/EM ( EXPLOITATION1 OPPRESSION1 & ECONOMIC 9JU/ICE4 ,AT ! #be ANTI-,G#h PROTE/S 9 ,GL5EAGLES1 = EXAMPLE1 ! ,JOLLY ,ROG] WAS HII\S =MS1 TURN+ 9TO A SORT ( UN(FICIAL SYMBOL = ! ORGANIZ+ NETWORK ,DISS5T64.<#a#a#f#e.> C7 ,COPYRILY #b? C5TURY 0WOR?Y DESC5DANTS ( ! PIRATES40.<#a#a#f#f.>7 ,! COPYRIE SO BUSY COMMODIFY+ ! PIRATES ( ! ,C>IBBEAN >E ALSO ?OSE MO/ VOCIF]\SLY OPPOS$ TO ITS CURR5T PRACTICE40.<#a#a#f#g.> ,UN=TUNATELY1 A LOT ( COPYRID TO MAKE AN >GUM5T = IT HAV+ P] SE REVOLUTION>Y MOM5TUM4 ,AT ! SAME TIME1 POLITICALLY CONSCI\S COPYRI ,! ?REAT ?AT SU* 9ITIATIVES POSE IS REFLECT$ 9 ! EV]-9CREAS+ EF=TS TO IMPLEM5T LEGAL AS WELL AS TE*NOLOGICAL B>RI]S4 ,! P]SECUTION ( ! ,SW$I% ACTIVI/S1 9ITIAT$ BY ! CORPORATE 5T]TA9M5T 9DU/RY 7WELL-KN[N = ITS ,PIRACY4 ,IT'S A ,CRIME TRAIL]S71 HAS BE5 DEPICT$ 9 ! DOCUM5T>Y ,/EAL ?IS ,FILM 7,P>T #a74 ,IT HAS NOT /OPP$ POPUL> SYMPA?Y4 ,9 ,JUNE #b#i1 ,SW$I% VOT]S S5T ! ,PIRATE ,P>TY1 ! LIB]AL W+ ( ! C\NTRY'S FILE %>+ MOVEM5T1 TO ! ,EUROPEAN ,P>LIAM5T 9 ,BRUSSELS4 ,TE P>TY RECEIV$ A CONV9C+ #g4#a P]C5T ( ! POPUL> VOTE4 D7 ,! COPYRIE ONLY ONE GR\P ( CURR5T ACTIVI/S ?AT W>RANT COMP>ISONS TO ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES REG>D+ QUE/IONS ( ECONOMY4 ,! SO-CALL$ FREEGAN MOVEM5T ADVOCATES TURN+ CAPITALISM'S EXCESS 9TO A S\RCE ( SU/A9ABILITY RA!R ?AN CONTRIBUT+ TO ITS CYCLE ( PRODUCTION & CONSUMPTION4.<#a#a#f#i.> ,SIMIL> S5TIM5TS CAN BE F\ND AMONG SYMPA?IZ]S ( ! ,CRIME?,9C4 PROJECT1 AN OP5 NETWORK ( AN>*I/S /RESS+ ! REVOLUTION>Y POT5TIAL ( 9T]V5TIONS 9 EV]YDAY LIFE4.<#a#a#g.> ,EVASION1 AN ANONYM\S TRAVEL DI>Y PUBLI%$ BY ,CRIME?,9C4 & RELAT+ ! EXPLOITS ( AN ANTI-CONSUM]I/ Y\NG MALE TRAVEL+ ! ,U,S BY MEANS ( TRA9HOPP+ & HIT*HIK+1 HAS BECOME A DEF9+ BOOK = MANY :O EMBRACE :AT ! AU?OR CALLS 0MILITANT UNEMPLOYM5T40 ,BO? FREEGANS & ,CRIME?,9C4 ADH]5TS HAVE HAD TO DEAL ) ! CRITIQUE ( BE+ 0P>ASITIC0 RA!R ?AN 0REVOLUTION>Y0 = A LONG TIME4 ,:ILE SU* A DI/9CTION MIY POT5TIAL ( RADICAL ADAPTATIONS ( A 0P>ASITIC ECONOMY0 \D$ TOO QUICKLY4 ,IF EMB$D$ 9 POLITICAL CONSCI\SNESS1 IT CAN BE A PRACTICAL--& E?ICALLY S\ND--SURVIVAL TE*NIQUE )9 A WID] REVOLUTION>Y /RUGGLE4 ,= ?OSE :O CAN AF=D SU* A LIFE/YLE1 IT PROMISES TO FREE TIME & 5]GY BO? TO WEAK5 ?IS V]Y SY/EM & BUILD ALT]NATIVES 9 ! PROCESS4 ,BESIDES1 IT CREATES MANY POSSIBILITIES = FUS+ FUN & REVOLUTION 7:I* DOES NOT NECESS>ILY MEAN MI/AK+ ONE = ! O!R7--WE MIASITIC EXI/5CE >E OBVI\S3 SELF-9DULG5CE1 EXCLUSIVITY1 /AGNATION4 ,BUT TO CATEGORICALLY DISCR$IT DUMP/] DIV+1 %OPLIF+ OR ANTI-CORPORATE SCAMS-- CORN]/ONES ( A MORE MILITANT FREEGAN LIFE/YLE 7?\< MANY FREEGANS DO NOT 5GAGE 9 ILLEGAL ACTIVITIES7--AS 0IRRELEVANT0 9 ! FIE SEV]AL EXAMPLES = 0PIRATE0 9T]V5TIONS 9 SOCIAL SEMIOTICS & PUBLIC SPACE4 ,! BE/ KN[N ( !SE MAY BE ! PIRATE RADIO4 ,9 ! 9TRODUCTION TO ,SEIZ+ ! ,AIRWAVES3 ,A ,FREE ,RADIO ,H&BOOK1 ,RON ,SAKOLSKY1 COMM5T+ ON 0! CONTROV]SY ?AT SURR\NDS ! T]M 'PIRATE' 9 MICRO- P[] RADIO CIRCLES10 EXPLA9S ! APTNESS ( ! PIRATE LABEL 9 ?IS CONTEXT CONV9C+LY3 ,P]SONALLY1 ,I HAVE NEV] OBJECT$ TO ! T]M PIRATE4444,S9CE ,I DO NOT BELIEVE ?AT ! MONEY ?AT HAS BE5 PRIVATELY ACCUMULAT$ BY BANKS IS ANY MORE ! RESULT ( AN EQUITABLE DI/RIBUTION ( WEAL? ?AN ?AT ! OLIGOPOLY OV] ! AIRWAVES ?AT PRES5TLY REIGNS IS A FAIR DI/RIBUTION ( A PUBLIC RES\RCE1 ,I W\LD CONT5D ?AT ! T]M RADIO PIRATE AS IT IS COMMONLY US$ IS A POSITIVE POETIC METAPHOR RELAT+ TO ! R$I/RIBUTION ( RES\RCES BETWE5 ! HAVES & HAVE NOTS4.<#a#a#g#a.> ,! QUE/ION ( SPACE HAS ALWAYS BE5 SIGNIFICANT = PIRACY4 ,! EXAMPLE ( ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES DEMON/RATES H[ IMPORTANT IT IS TO DEF5D SPACE AS A MEANS TO FRE$OM4 ,?IS1 ( C\RSE1 MEANS AIRSPACE TOO4 ,DEFY+ ! ATEMPTS TO CONTROL IT1 RADIO PIRATES1 NO D\BT1 MAKE IMPORTANT CONTRIBUTIONS TO RADICAL POLITICS4 ,EQUALLY EFFECTIVE 0PIRATE TACTICS0 9 RECLAIM+ & APPROPRIAT+ SPACE >E EMPLOY$ BY GRAFFITI WRIT]S1 OR1 MORE G5]ALLY1 /REET >TI/S--SEE1 = EXAMPLE1 ,JO% ,MAC,PHEE'S SUP]B COLLECTION ,/5CIL ,PIRATES4 ,!SE EXAMPLES >E ONLY ! LATE/ EXPRESSIONS ( A LEGACY4 ,AS ,*RIS ,L& /ATES1 ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES' 0EV]-PRES5T 9SURRECTION>Y POT5TIAL444HAS ACTUALIZ$ ITSELF 9 DIV]SE SET+S ?R\<\T ! LA/ #c YE>S40.<#a#a#g#b.> ,M>CUS ,R$IK] ILLU/RATES ?IS CONT5TION3 ,! SAILORS' HYDR>*Y WAS DEFEAT$ 9 ! #a#g#bS1 ! HYDRA BEHEAD$4 ,BUT IT W\LD NOT DIE4 ,! VOLATILE1 S]P5T9E TRADITION ( M>ITIME RADICALISM W\LD APPE> AGA9 & AGA9 9 ! DECADES TO COME1 SLI!R+ QUIETLY BEL[ DECKS1 ACROSS ! DOCKS1 & ONTO ! %ORE1 BID+ ITS TIME1 !N RE>+ ITS HEADS UNEXPECT$LY 9 MUT9IES1 /RIKES1 RIOTS1 URBAN 9SURRECTIONS1 SLAVE REVOLTS1 & REVOLUTIONS4.<#a#a#g#c.> ,DESPITE ALL ! B\RGEOIS & COMM]CIAL EXPLOITATION ( ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES1 RADICALS CAN /ILL FLY ! ,JOLLY ,ROG] PR\DLY--ALL !Y HAVE TO DO IS E>N ! RICUS ,R$IK]'S ,VILLA9S ( ALL ,NATIONS3 ,ATLANTIC ,PIRATES 9 ! ,GOLD5 ,AGE 7#b#e74 ,! BOOK CONTA9S--9 SLIITIME ,WORLD1 #a#g-#a#g#e 7#a#i#h#g71 & ,! ,MANY-,HEAD$ ,HYDRA3 ,SAILORS1 ,SLAVES1 ,COMMON]S1 & ! ,HIDD5 ,HI/ORY ( ! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,ATLANTIC 7) ,PET] ,L9EBAU<1 #b71 AS WELL AS >TICLES FROM V>I\S AN?OLOGIES4 ,BO? ,BETWE5 ! ,DEVIL & ! ,DEEP ,BLUE ,SEA & ,! ,MANY-,HEAD$ ,HYDRA >E IMM5SELY VALUABLE S\RCES = UND]/&+ & ANALYZ+ GOLD5 AGE PIRACY 9 A WID] CONTEXT3 ! M>ITIME CULTURE ( ! #a#g? & #a#h? C5TURY 7,BETWE5 ! ,DEVIL444 7 & ALT]NATIVE =MS ( COMMUNITIES RESI/+ ! COLONIAL-CAPITALI/ P>ADIGM ( ! ,C>IBBEAN & ! ,AM]ICAS 7,MANY-,HEAD$ ,HYDRA74 ,\T ( ! NON-RADICAL HI/ORY BOOKS ON PIRACY ) IMPORTANT SECTIONS ON ! GOLD5 AGE1 ,I F9D ?REE P>TICUL>LY NOTEWOR?Y3 ,ROB]T ,C4 ,RIT*IE-- ALBEIT MA9LY FOCUS+ ON ,CAPTA9 ,WILLIAM ,KIDD--PROVIDES PL5TY ( EYE- OP5+ ANALYSIS 9 ,CAPTA9 ,KIDD & ! ,W> AGA9/ ! ,PIRATES 7#a#i#h#f74 ,DAVID ,CORD+LY ANALYZES ! POPUL> LEGACY ( GOLD5 AGE PIRACY METICUL\SLY 9 ,LIFE ,AMONG ! ,PIRATES3 ,! ,ROMANCE & ! ,REALITY 7#a#i#i#e74 ,& ,PET] ,E>LE ADDS A LOT ( VALUABLE MAT]IAL1 F\ND MA9LY 9 ! ,ADMIRALTY RECORDS1 9 ,! ,PIRATE ,W>S 7#b#c74 ,! LIT]>Y NUCLEUS ( ALL GOLD5 AGE PIRACY RESE>* REMA9S ( C\RSE ,CAPTA9 ,*>LES ,JOHNSON'S ,G5]AL ,HI/ORY ( ! ,ROBB]IES & ,MURD]S ( ! ,MO/ ,NOTORI\S ,PIRATES 7#a#g#b#d-#a#g#b#f74 ,!RE EXI/ SEV]AL WELL RESE>*$ & LAVI%LY ILLU/RAT$ C(FEE TABLE BOOKS ON PIRACY4 ,! MO/ DI/+UI%$ >E P]HAPS ,DANIEL ,BOT+'S ,! ,PIRATES 7#a#i#g#i71 ,DAVID ,CORD+LY & ,JOHN ,FALCON]'S ,PIRATES3 ,FACT @& ,FICTION 7#a#i#i#b71 ,DAVID ,F4 ,M>LEY'S ,PIRATES3 ,ADV5TUR]S ( ! ,HI< ,SEAS 7#a#i#i#e71 & TWO VOLUMES BY ,ANGUS ,KON/AM1 ,! ,HI/ORY ( ,PIRATES 7#a#i#i#i2 NEWLY $IT$ #bg AS ,PIRATES3 ,PR$ATORS ( ! ,SEAS71 & ,SC\RGE ( ! ,SEAS3 ,BUCCANE]S1 ,PIRATES & ,PRIVATE]S 7#b#g74 ,SEV]AL PIRATE AN?OLOGIES 9CLUDE IMPORTANT ESSAYS ON ! GOLD5 AGE4 ,P>TICUL>LY USEFUL = ?IS BOOK PROV$ ,PIRATES3 ,AN ,ILLU/RAT$ ,HI/ORY ( ,PRIVATE]S1 ,BUCCANE]S1 & ,PIRATES FOM ! ,SIXTE5? ,C5TURY TO ! ,PRES5T 7,U,S $ITION3 ,PIRATES3 ,T]ROR ON ! ,HI< ,SEAS FOM ! ,C>IBBEAN TO ! ,S\? ,*9A ,SEA7 & ,B&ITS AT ,SEA3 ,A ,PIRATES ,READ]1 $IT$ BY ,C4 ,R4 ,P5NELL 7#b#a74 ,! LAT] 9CLUDES ESSAYS ( SPECIAL 9T]E/ TO RADICAL READ]S1 MO/ NOTABLY ,ANNE ,P]OT9-,DUMON'S 0,! ,PIRATE & ! ,EMP]OR3 ,P[] & ! ,LAW ON ! ,SEAS1 #a#d#e-#a#h#e10 ,JOHN ,L4 ,&]SON'S 0,PIRACY & ,WORLD ,HI/ORY3 ,AN ,ECONOMIC ,P]SPECTIVE ON ,M>ITIME ,PR$ATION10 & ,K5NE? ,J4 ,K9KOR'S 0,BLACK ,M5 UND] ! ,BLACK ,FLAG40 ,C4 ,R4 ,P5NELL'S 0,9TRODUCTION3 ,BR\$ 9 ! SECOND VOLUME ( ,G5]AL ,HI/ORY ( ! ,C>IBBEAN4 ,PHILIP ,GOSSE'S VOLUMES ,! ,PIRATES' ,:O'S ,:O 7#a#i#b#d7 & ,! ,HI/ORY ( ,PIRACY 7#a#i#c#b7 PROVIDE A GOOD IMPRESSION ( RESE>* ON PIRACY 9 ! E>LY #b? C5TURY 7& 9CLUDE MANY DELITICLES1 ETC4 ,= ANYONE 9T]E/$ 9 ! HI/ORY ( ! PIRATE LEG5D1 IT IS PROBABLY WOR? LOOK+ 9TO ,H[>D ,PYLE'S ,BOOK ( ,PIRATES3 ,FICTION1 ,FACT & ,FANCY ,CONC]N+ ! ,BUCCANE]S & ,M>OON]S ( ! ,SPANI% ,MA91 COMPIL$ BY ,M]LE ,JOHNSON 7#a#i#b#a74 ,PYLE'S WORK REMA9S ONE ( ! MO/ 9FLU5TIAL S\RCES = ! PIRATE IMAGE ( ! #b? C5TURY4 ,\T ( ! MANY POPUL> BOOKS WRIT5 ON GOLD5 AGE PIRATE HI/ORY-- ?OSE :OSE 0QUALITY DEP5DS ON ! LIT]>Y SKILL ( ! AU?ORS RA!R ?AN ON CONT5T0.<#a#a#g#d.>--,I P>TICUL>LY 5JOY$ ,FRANK ,%]RY'S ,RAID]S @& ,REBELS3 ,! ,GOLD5 ,AGE ( ,PIRACY 7#a#i#h#f74 ,DESPITE A DEF9ITE EXAGG]ATION ( ! SIGNIFICANCE ( ! ,MADAGASCAN PIRATE COMMUNITY1 QUE/IONABLE POLITICAL T]M9OLOGY1 & A SOMETIMES MELODRAMATIC PROSE1 ! BOOK IS WELL RESE>*$ & A V]Y 5GAG+ READ4 ,I W\LD ALSO RECOMM5D ,$W>D ,LUCIE-,SMI?'S ,\TCA/S ( ! ,SEA3 ,PIRATES & ,PIRACY 7#a#i#g#h72 MU* LESS S5SATIONALI/ ?AN ,%]RY'S 9 APPROA* & V]Y SOPHI/ICAT$ 9 PRES5TATION1 IT CONTA9S A NUMB] ( 9T]E/+ MUS+S ON ! PIRATE PH5OM5ON4 ,! REC5T ,! ,REPUBLIC ( ,PIRATES BY ,COL9 ,WOOD>D 7#b#g7 ALSO CONTA9S VALUABLE DETAILS1 ESPECIALLY CONC]N+ ! ROLE ( ,NEW ,PROVID5CE AS A MAJOR PIRATE HAUNT FROM #agaf TO #a#g#a#h4 ,AS F> AS ! HI/ORY ( ! ,C>IBBEAN BUCCANE]S IS CONC]N$1 ,I BELIEVE ?AT !RE IS LITLE SUB/ITUTE = ! ORIG9AL S\RCES4 ,V]Y LITTLE HAS COME TO LIY IS ,C4 ,H4 ,H>+'S ,! ,BUCCANE]S 9 ! ,WE/ ,9DIES 9 ! ,X,V,I,I ,C5TURY 7#a#i#a71 EV5 ?\< ! MORE COMPACT ,P4 ,K4 ,KEMP & ,*RI/OPH] ,LLOYD'S ,! ,BRE?R5 ( ! ,COA/3 ,BUCCANE]S ( ! ,S\? ,SEAS 7#a#i#f#a7 IS V]Y 9/RUCTIVE AS WELL4 ,= A %ORT YET COMPREH5SIVE 9TRODUCTION1 ,ANGUS ,KON/AM'S ,BUCCANE]S 7#b7 IS HITICUL>LY 9T]E/$ 9 ,DUT* PRIVATE]S & BUCCANE]S1 ,VIRG9IA ,W4 ,LUNS=D PRES5TS AN AMAZ+ COLLECTION ( MAT]IAL 9 ,PIRACY & ,PRIVATE]+ 9 ! ,GOLD5 ,AGE ,NE!RL&S 7#b#e72 ?IS BOOK WILL MA9LY APPEAL TO ACADEMICS1 H[EV]4 ,= SPECIAL 9T]E/ >EAS1 ,R4 ,B4 ,BURG'S ,SODOMY & ! ,PIRATE ,TRADITION3 ,5GLI% ,SEA ,ROV]S 9 ! ,SEV5TE5?-,C5TURY ,C>IBBEAN 7#a#i#h#c71 ?\< HIGUABLY MORE 9T]E/+7 /UDY1 BUT IS LAD5 ) ACADEMIC J>GON4 ,PAUL ,GALV9'S ,PAT]NS ( ,PILLAGE3 ,A ,GEOGRAPHY ( ,C>IBBEAN-BAS$ ,PIRACY 9 ,SPANI% ,AM]ICA1 #a#e#c#f-#a#g#a#h 7#a#i#i#i7 SEEMS TO BE ONE ( ! MO/ UND]RAT$ BOOKS ON PIRACY1 AL?\< IT CONTA9S A LOT ( VALUABLE 9=MATION = EV5 ! MO/ WELL-READ /UD5TS ( ,C>IBBEAN SEA ROBB]Y4 ,JANICE ,E4 ,TOMSON'S ,M]C5>IES1 ,PIRATES & ,SOV]EIGNS3 ,/ATE-,BUILD+ & ,EXTRAT]RITORIAL ,VIOL5CE 9 ,E>LY ,MOD]N ,EUROPE 7#a#i#i#d7 9CLUDES A C>EFUL ANALYSIS ( ! CONNECTIONS BETWE5 PIRACY1 COMM]CE1 & ! /ATE4 ,) RESPECT TO WOM5 PIRATES1 ,ULRIKE ,KLAUSMANN & ,MONIKA ,ME9Z]9'S ,WOM5 ,PIRATES 7#a#i#i#g7 REMA9S A PIONE]+ & PROVOCATIVE /UDY4 ,ALSO NOTEWOR?Y--ALBEIT NOT FOCUS$ ON ! GOLD5 AGE--IS ,JOHN ,C4 ,APPLEBY'S ESSAY 0,WOM5 & ,PIRACY 9 ,IREL&3 ,FROM ,GRA9NE ,O',MALLEY TO ,ANNE ,BONNY10 PUBLI%$ 9 ,B&ITS AT ,SEA4 ,AS F> AS ! FIELD ( 0RADICAL PIRATOLOGY0 IS CONC]N$1 ! MU/-READS-- AP>T FROM ,R$IK]'S WORK-->E ,*RI/OPH] ,HILL'S ESSAY 0,RADICAL ,PIRATES80 7#a#i#h#d7 7!RE >E ALSO IMPORTANT REM>KS ON PIRACY 9 ,HILL'S ,LIB]TY ,AGA9/ ! ,LAW3 ,SOME ,SEV5TE5?-,C5TURY ,CONTROV]SIES1 #a#i#i#f72 ,PET] ,LAMBORN ,WILSON'S ,PIRATE ,UTOPIAS3 ,MOORI% ,CORSAIRS @& ,EUROPEAN ,R5EGADOES 7#a#i#i#e7 7EV5 ?\< IT FOCUSES ON PIRACY ALONG ! ,NOR? ,AFRICAN ,B>B>Y ,COA/1 ! BOOK 9CLUDES MU* ?\Y ON ! PIRATE PH5OM- 5ON 9 G5]AL & GOLD5 AGE PIRACY 9 P>TICUL>72 ,/EPH5 ,SNELD]'S ,TE ,DEVIL'S ,AN>*Y 7#b#e7 7:I* ALSO 9CLUDES VALUABLE FIR/-H& ACC\NTS ( ,DUT* PRIVATE]S & BUCCANE]S72 & ! ESSAYS 0,PIRATE ,UTOPIAS3 ,UND] ! ,BANN] ( ,K+ ,DEA?0 9 ! AN>*I/ ,DO OR ,DIE J\RNAL 7,VOL4 #h1 #a#i#i#i71 & ,*RIS ,L&'S 0,FLY+ ! BLACK FLAG3 ,REVOLT1 REVOLUTION & ! SOCIAL ORGANIZATION ( PIRACY 9 ! 'GOLD5 AGE'0 7,MANAGEM5T @& ,ORGANIZATIONAL ,HI/ORY #b1 NO4 #b1 #b#g71 :I* DRAWS MANY 9SPIR+ COMP>ISONS BETWE5 ,GOLD5 ,AGE PIRACY & CONTEMPOR>Y RADICAL MOVEM5TS4 ,ANO!R MU* REF]5C$ ESSAY AMONG RADICAL S*OL>S IS ,J4 ,S4 ,BROMLEY'S 0,\TLAWS AT ,SEA1 #a#f#f-#a#g#b3 ,LIB]TY1 ,EQUALITY & ,FRAT]NITY AMONG ! ,C>IBBEAN ,FREEBOOT]S10 :I* ,I1 ADMIT$LY1 F9D A BIT T$I\S4 ,! WORK BY ,G]MAN AU?ORS ,HE9] ,TRE95 & ,RUDIG] ,HAUDE WAS HIE BO? 5TIC+ LIT]>Y ADAPTATIONS ( ! 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F\R? & COMPLETE $ITION1 ,LONDON3 ,T4 ,WOODW>D1 #a#g#b#f4 ,KEMP1 ,P4 ,K4 & ,*RI/OPH] ,LLOYD4 ,BRE?R5 ( ! ,COA/3 ,BUCCANE]S ( ! ,S\? ,SEAS4 ,NEW ,YORK3 ,/4 ,M>T9'S ,PRESS1 #a#i#f#a4 ,KHAZANOV1 ,A4 ,M4 ,NOMADS & ! ,\TSIDE ,WORLD4 ,TRANSLAT$ BY ,JULIA ,CROOK5D54 ,CAMBRIDGE ET AL43 ,CAMBRIDGE ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #a#i#h#d4 ,ORIG9ALLY PUBLI%$ 9 ,RUSSIAN 9 #a#i#h#c4 ,K9KOR1 ,K5NE? ,J4 0,BLACK ,M5 UND] ! ,BLACK ,FLAG40 ,9 ,B&ITS AT ,SEA1 $IT$ BY ,C4 ,R4 ,P5NELL1 #a#i#e-#b#a4 ,NEW ,YORK3 ,NEW ,YORK ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #b#a4 ,KIR*H(F1 ,PAUL4 0,! ,C>IBBEAN ,L[L& ,TRIBES3 ,! ,MOSQUITO1 ,SUMO1 ,PAYA1 & ,JICAQUE40 ,9 ,H&BOOK ( ,S\? ,AM]ICAN ,9DIANS4 ,VOL4 #d3 ,! ,CIRCUM-,C>IBBEAN ,TRIBES1 $IT$ BY ,JULIAN ,H4 ,/EW>D1 #b#a#i-#b#b#i4 ,WA%+TON3 ,UNIT$ ,/ATES ,GOV]NM5T ,PR9T+ ,(FICE1 #a#i#d#h4 ,KLAUSMANN1 ,ULRIKE1 ,M>ION ,ME9Z]9 & ,GABRIEL ,KUHN1 ,WOM5 ,PIRATES & ! ,POLITICS ( ! ,JOLLY ,ROG]4 ,TRANSLAT$ BY ,NI*OLAS ,LEVIS4 ,MONTREAL3 ,BLACK ,ROSE1 #a#i#i#g4 ,KNIIBBEAN3 ,! ,G5ESIS ( A ,FRAGM5T$ ,NATIONALISM4 #bND $4 ,NEW ,YORK3 ,OX=D ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #ai< @& #a#i#i4 ,KOHL1 ,JAMES & ,JOHN ,LIT1 $S4 ,URBAN ,GU]RILLA ,W>F>E 9 ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA4 ,CAMBRIDGE1 ,M,A @& ,LONDON3 ,M,I,T ,PRESS1 #a#i#g#d4 ,KON/AM1 ,ANGUS4 ,BUCCANE]S4 ,OX=D3 ,OSPREY1 #b4 ,KON/AM1 ,ANGUS4 ,PIRATES3 ,PR$ATORS ( ! ,SEAS4 ,) ,ROG] ,MI*AEL ,KEAN4 ,NEW ,YORK3 ,SKYHORSE ,PUBLI%+1 #b#g4 ------4 ,SC\RGE ( ! ,SEAS3 ,BUCCANE]S1 ,PIRATES & ,PRIVATE]S4 ,OX=D3 ,OSPREY1 #b#g4 ------4 ,! ,HI/ORY ( ,PIRATES4 ,NEW ,YORK3 ,! ,LYONS ,PRESS1 #a#i#i#i4 ,KUDLICK1 ,CA!R9E ,J4 0,DISABILITY ,HI/ORY3 ,:Y ,WE ,NE$ ,ANO!R ',O!R4'0 ,AM]ICAN ,HI/ORICAL ,REVIEW1 VOL4 #a#h1 NO4 #c 7,JUNE #b#c73 #g#f#c-#g#i#c4 ,LABAT1 ,JEAN-,BAPTI/E4 ,! ,MEMOIRS ( ,P]E ,LABAT #a#f#i#c-#a#g#e4 ,TRANSLAT$ BY ,JOHN ,EAD54 ,LONDON3 ,FRANK ,CASS1 #a#i#g4 ,L&1 ,*RIS4 0,FLY+ ! ,BLACK FLAG3 ,REVOLT1 ,REVOLUTION & ! ,SOCIAL ,ORGANIZATION ( ,PIRACY 9 ! ',GOLD5 ,AGE4'0 ,MANAGEM5T @& ,ORGANIZATIONAL ,HI/ORY #b1 NO4 #b 7#b#g73 #a#f#i-#a#i#b4 ,LAW1 ,L>RY4 ,A ,TRUE ,HI/ORIE @& ,ACC\NT ( ! ,PYRATE ,CAPTA9 ,MISSON1 ,HIS CREW @& ,!IR ,COLONY ( ,LIB]TATIA . ,F\ND$ ON ,PEOPLES ,RI4 ,LONDON3 ,SPECTACUL> ,TIMES1 #a#i#h4 ,LEESON1 ,PET] ,T4 0,AN->R<-*Y3 ,! ,LAW & ,ECONOMICS ( ,PIRATE ,ORGANIZATION40 ,J\RNAL ( ,POLITICAL ,ECONOMY #a#a#e1 NO4 #f 7#b#g73 #a#d#i-#a#i#d4 ,L591 ,V4 ,I4 0,GU]RILLA ,W>F>E40 ,9 ,GU]RILLA ,W>F>E @& ,M>XISM1 $IT$ BY ,WILLIAM ,J4 ,POM]OY1 #h#d-#i#d1 ,NEW ,YORK3 ,9T]NATIONAL ,PUBLI%]S #a#i#g4 ,>TICLE FIR/ PUBLI%$ 9 #a#i#f4 ,L9EBAU<1 ,PET] & ,M>CUS ,R$IK]4 ,! ,MANY-,HEAD$ ,HYDRA3 ,SAILORS1 ,SLAVES1 ,COMMON]S1 & ! ,HIDD5 ,HI/ORY ( ! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,ATLANTIC4 ,BO/ON3 ,BEACON ,PRESS1 #b4 ,LOPEZ ,NADAL1 ,GONCAL4 0,CORSAIR+ AS A ,COMM]CIAL ,SY/EM3 ,! ,$GES ( ,LEGITIMATE ,TRADE40 ,9 ,B&ITS AT ,SEA1 $IT$ BY ,C4 ,R4 ,P5NELL1 #a#b#e-#a#c#h4 ,NEW ,YORK3 ,NEW ,YORK ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #b#a4 ,LO?ROP1 ,SAMUEL ,K4 0,! ,>*AEOLOGY ( ,PANAMA40 ,9 ,H&BOOK ( ,S\? ,AM]ICAN ,9DIANS4 ,VOL4 #d3 ,! ,CIRCUM-,C>IBBEAN ,TRIBES1 $IT$ BY ,JULIAN ,H4 ,/EW>D1 #a#d#c-#a#f#g4 ,WA%+TON3 ,UNIT$ ,/ATES ,GOV]NM5T ,PR9T+ ,(FICE1 #a#i#d#h4 ,LUCIE-,SMI?1 ,$W>D4 ,\TCA/S ( ! ,SEA3 ,PIRATES & ,PIRACY4 ,NEW ,YORK @& ,LONDON3 ,PADD+TON ,PRESS1 #a#i#g#h4 ,LUNS=D1 ,VIRG9IA ,W4 ,PIRACY & ,PRIVATE]+ 9 ! ,GOLD5 ,AGE ,NE!RL&S4 ,NEW ,YORK @& ,BAS+/OKE3 ,PALGRAVE ,MACMILLAN1 #b#e4 ,LYOT>D1 ,JEAN-,FRANCOIS4 ,LIBID9AL ,ECONOMY4 ,TRANSLAT$ BY ,IA9 ,HAMILTON ,GRANT4 ,BLOOM+TON3 ,9DIANA ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #a#i#i#c4 ,ORIG9ALLY PUBLI%$ AS ,ECONOMIE ,LIBID9ALE4 ,P>IS3 ,M9UIT1 #a#i#g#d4 ,MAC,PHEE1 ,JO%1 $4 ,/5CIL ,PIRATES1 ,NEW ,YORK3 ,S( ,SKULL ,PRESS1 #b#d4 ,MAO ,TSE-,TUNG1 ,ON ,GU]RILLA ,W>F>E4 ,TRANSLAT$ BY ,SAMUEL ,B4 ,GRIFFI?4 ,9 ,GU]RILLA ,W>F>E1 BY ,MAO ,TSE-,TUNG & ,*E ,GUEV>A1 #c#a-#h#a1 ,LONDON3 ,CASSELL1 #a#i#f#b4 ,ORIG9ALLY PUBLI%$ 9 ,*9ESE 9 #a#i#c#g4 ,M>ILOS4 ,M9IMANUAL ( ! ,URBAN ,GU]RILLA4 ,9 ,URBAN ,GU]RILLA ,W>F>E 9 ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA1 $IT$ BY ,JAMES ,KOHL & ,JOHN ,LIT1 #h#g-#a#c#e4 ,CAMBRIDGE1 ,M,A @& ,LONDON3 ,M,I,T ,PRESS1 #a#i#g#d4 ,ORIG9ALLY SELF- PUBLI%$ AS ,M9I-,MANUAL DO GU]RILHEIRO URBANO1 #a#i#f#i4 ------4 0,PROBLEMS & ,PR9CIPLES ( ,/RATEGY40 ,TRANSLAT$ BY ,JAMES ,KOHL & ,JOHN ,LIT4 ,9 ,KOHL & ,LIT1 ,URBAN ,GU]RILLA ,W>F>E 9 ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA1 #h#a-#h#f4 ,>TICLE ORIG9ALLY PUBLI%$ 9 #a#i#g#a4 ------4 0,QUE/IONS ( ,ORGANIZATION40 ,TRANSLAT$ BY ,JAMES ,KOHL & ,JOHN ,LIT4 ,9 ,KOHL & ,LIT1 ,URBAN ,GU]RILLA ,W>F>E 9 ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA1 #g#c-#h4 ,>TICLE ORIG9ALLY PUBLI%$ 9 #a#i#g#a4 ,M>LEY1 ,DAVID ,F4 ,PIRATES3 ,ADV5TUR]S ( ! ,HI< ,SEAS4 ,LONDON3 ,>MS & ,>MOR ,PRESS1 #a#i#i#g4 ------4 0,! ,LURE ( ,SPANI% ,GOLD40 ,9 ,PIRATES3 ,AN ,ILLU/RAT$ ,HI/ORY ( ,PRIVATE]S1 ,BUCCANE]S1 & ,PIRATES FOM ! ,SIXTE5? ,C5TURY TO ! PRES5T1 $IT$ BY ,DAVID ,CORD+LY1 #a#f-#c#e4 ,LONDON3 ,SALAM&]1 #a#i#i#f4 ,M>T9-,FRAGA*AN1 ,GU/AVO4 0,9TELLECTUAL1 >TI/IC & IDEOLOGICAL ASPECTS ( CULTURES 9 ! ,NEW ,WORLD40 ,9 ,G5]AL ,HI/ORY ( ! ,C>IBBEAN4 ,VOL4#b1 ,NEW SOCIETIES3 ,! ,C>IBBEAN 9 ! LONG SIXTE5? C5TURY1 $IT$ BY ,P4 ,C4 ,EMM]1 #b#d#g-#c#g4 ,LONDON & ,BAS+/OKE3 ,U,N,E,S,C,O ,PUBLI%+1 #a#i#i#i4 ,M>X1 ,J5IF] ,G4 0,! ,BRE?R5 ( ! ,COA/40 ,9 ,PIRATES3 ,AN ,ILLU/RAT$ ,HI/ORY ( ,PRIVATE]S1 ,BUCCANE]S1 & ,PIRATES FOM ! ,SIXTE5? ,C5TURY TO ! PRES5T1 $IT$ BY ,DAVID ,CORD+LY1 #c#f-#e#g4 ,LONDON3 ,SALAM&]1 #a#i#i#f4 ------4 0,! ,GOLD5 ,AGE ( ,PIRACY40 ,9 ,PIRATES3 ,AN ,ILLU/RAT$ ,HI/ORY ( ,PRIVATE]S1 ,BUCCANE]S1 & ,PIRATES FOM ! ,SIXTE5? ,C5TURY TO ! PRES5T1 $IT$ BY ,DAVID ,CORD+LY1 #a-#a#b#c4 ,LONDON3 ,SALAM&]1 #a#i#i#f4 ------4 0,! ,PIRATE ,R\ND40 ,9 ,PIRATES3 ,AN ,ILLU/RAT$ ,HI/ORY ( ,PRIVATE]S1 ,BUCCANE]S1 & ,PIRATES FOM ! ,SIXTE5? ,C5TURY TO ! PRES5T1 $IT$ BY ,DAVID ,CORD+LY1 #a#d-#a#f#c4 ,LONDON3 ,SALAM&]1 #a#i#i#f4 ,MASEFIELD1 ,JOHN4 ,ON ! ,SPANI% ,MA94 ,LONDON3 ,ME?U5 @& ,CO41 #a#i#f4 ,MC,RU]1 ,ROB]T4 ,CRIP ,TEORY3 ,CULTURAL ,SIGNS ( ,QUE]NESS & ,DISABILITY4 ,NEW ,YORK @& ,LONDON3 ,NEW ,YORK ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #b#f4 ,MOORE1 ,JOHN ,ROB]T4 ,DEFOE 9 ! ,PILLORY & ,O!R ,/UDIES4 ,BLOOM+TON3 ,9DIANA ,UNIV]SITY1 #a#i#c#i4 ,NIETZS*E1 ,FRI$RI*4 ,ALSO SPRA* ,Z>A?U/RA4 ,9 ,KRITIS*E ,GESAMTAUSGABE1 ,B& #d4 ,MUNI*3 ,DEUTS*] ,TAS*5BU*V]LAG @& ,B]L9_/,NEW ,YORK3 ,WALT] DE ,GRUYT]1 #a#i#h4 ,NIETZS*E1 ,FRI$RI*4 ,D] ,ANTI*RI/1 9 ,KRITIS*E ,GESAMTAUSGABE1 ,B& #f4 ,MUNI*3 ,DEUTS*] ,TAS*5BU*V]LAG @& ,B]L9_/,NEW ,YORK3 ,WALT] DE ,GRUYT]1 #a#i#h4 ,NIETZS*E1 ,FRI$RI*4 ,DIE FOHLI*E ,WISS5S*AF4 ,9 ,KRITIS*E ,GESAMTAUSGABE1 ,B& #c4 ,MUNI*3 ,DEUTS*] ,TAS*5BU*V]LAG @& ,B]L9_/,NEW ,YORK3 ,WALT] DE ,GRUYT]1 #a#i#h4 ,NIETZS*E1 ,FRI$RI*4 ,DIE ,GEBURT D] ,TRAGODIE4 ,9 ,KRITIS*E ,GESAMTAUSGABE1 ,B& #a4 ,MUNI*3 ,DEUTS*] ,TAS*5BU*V]LAG @& ,B]L9_/,NEW ,YORK3 ,WALT] DE ,GRUYT]1 #a#i#h4 ,NIETZS*E1 ,FRI$RI*4 ,J5SEITS VON ,GUT UND ,BOSE4 ,9 ,KRITIS*E ,GESAMTAUSGABE1 ,B& #e4 ,MUNI*3 ,DEUTS*] ,TAS*5BU* ,V]LAG @& ,B]L9_/,NEW ,YORK3 ,WALT] DE ,GRUYT]1 #a#i#h4 ,NIETZS*E1 ,FRI$RI*4 ,M5S*LI*ES1 ,ALLZUM5S*LI*ES4 ,E9 ,BU* FUR FEIE ,GEI/]1 9 ,KRITIS*E ,GESAMTAUSGABE1 ,B& #b4 ,MUNI*3 ,DEUTS*] ,TAS*5BU*V]LAG @& ,B]L9_/,NEW ,YORK3 ,WALT] DE ,GRUYT]1 #a#i#h4 ,NIETZS*E1 ,FRI$RI*4 ,MORG5RO!1 9 ,KRITIS*E ,GESAMTAUSGABE1 ,B& #c4 ,MUNI*3 ,DEUTS*] ,TAS*5BU*V]LAG @& ,B]L9_/,NEW ,YORK3 ,WALT] DE ,GRUYT]1 #a#i#h4 ,NIETZS*E1 ,FRI$RI*4 ,NA*GELASS5E ,FRAGM5TE4 ,9 ,KRITIS*E ,GESAMTAUSGABE1 ,B& #a4 ,MUNI*3 ,DEUTS*] ,TAS*5BU*V]LAG @& ,B]L9_/,NEW ,YORK3 ,WALT] DE ,GRUYT]1 #a#i#h4 ,NIETZS*E1 ,FRI$RI*4 ,ZUR ,G5EALOGIE D] ,MORAL4 ,9 ,KRITIS*E ,GESAMTAUSGABE1 ,B& #e4 ,MUNI*3 ,DEUTS*] ,TAS*5BU* ,V]LAG @& ,B]L9_/,NEW ,YORK1 ,WALT] DE ,GRUYT]1 #a#i#h4 ,NO ,QU>T]3 AN AN>*I/ Z9E AB\T PIRATES4 N4P4 N4D4 . ,P>RY1 ,J4 ,H4 & ,P4 ,M4 ,%]LOCK4 ,A ,%ORT ,HI/ORY ( ! ,WE/ ,9DIES4 ,LONDON3 ,MACMILLAN @& ,NEW ,YORK3 ,/4 ,M>T9'S ,PRESS1 #a#i#e#g4 ,P5NELL1 ,C4 ,R4 $41 ,B&ITS AT ,SEA3 ,A ,PIRATES ,READ]4 ,NEW ,YORK3 ,NEW ,YORK ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #b#a4 ,P]OT9-,DUMON1 ,ANNE4 0,FR5*1 ,5GLI% & ,DUT* 9 ! ,LESS] ,ANTILLES3 ,FROM ,PRIVATE]+ TO ,PLANT+1 C4 #a#e#e-C4 #a#f#e40 ,9 ,G5]AL ,HI/ORY ( ! ,C>IBBEAN4 ,VOL4 #b1 ,NEW SOCIETIES3 ,! ,C>IBBEAN 9 ! LONG SIXTE5? C5TURY1 $IT$ BY ,P4 ,C4 ,EMM]1 #a#a#d-#a#e#h4 ,LONDON & ,BAS+/OKE3 ,U,N,E,S,C,O ,PUBLI%+1 #a#i#i#i4 ------4 0,! ,PIRATE & ! ,EMP]OR3 ,P[] & ! ,LAW ON ! ,SEAS1 #a#d#e-#a#h#e40 ,9 ,B&ITS AT ,SEA1 $IT$ BY ,C4 ,R4 ,P5NELL1 #b#e-#e#d4 ,NEW ,YORK3 ,NEW ,YORK ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #b#a4 ,P9$A1 ,B>ON ,L41 ,%IPWRECK$ ,ID5TITIES3 ,NAVIGAT+ ,RACE ON ,NIC>AGUA'S ,MOSQUITO ,COA/4 ,NEW ,BRUNSWICK3 ,RUTG]S ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #b#f4 ,POM]OY1 ,WILLIAM ,J41 $41 ,GU]RILLA ,W>F>E @& ,M>XISM4 #bND $4 ,NEW ,YORK3 ,9T]NATIONAL ,PUBLI%]S1 #aifh @& #a#i#g4 ,PO?I]1 ,DIANNE & ,RI*>D ,DEVL91 $S41 ,CRITICAL ,DISABILITY ,!ORY3 ,ESSAYS 9 ,PHILOSOPHY1 ,POLITICS1 ,POLICY1 & ,LAW4 ,VANC\V]3 ,U,B,C ,PRESS1 #b#f4 ,PR(ANE ,EXI/5CE ,COLLECTIVE4 0,AN>*Y1 ,PUNK1 ,UTOPIA40 ,93 ,PR(ANE ,EXI/5CE ,CATALOG _?#a#b1 #a#i#i#e1 #b#h-#b#i4 ,PYLE1 ,H[>D1 ,H[>D ,PYLE'S ,BOOK ( ,PIRATES3 ,FICTION1 ,FACT & ,FANCY ,CONC]N+ ! ,BUCCANE]S & ,M>OON]S ( ! ,SPANI% ,MA93 ,FROM ! ,WRIT+ & ,PICTURES ( ,H[>D ,PYLE4 ,COMPIL$ BY ,M]LE ,JOHNSON4 ,NEW ,YORK & ,LONDON3 ,H>P] @& ,BRO!RS ,PUBLI%]S1 #a#i#b#a4 ,RANK91 ,HU< ,F4 ,! ,GOLD5 ,AGE ( ,PIRACY4 ,NEW ,YORK3 ,HOLT1 ,R9EHE>T & ,W9/ON1 #a#i#f#i4 ,R$IK]1 ,M>CUS4 ,BETWE5 ! ,DEVIL & ! ,DEEP ,BLUE ,SEA3 ,M]*ANT ,SEAM51 ,PIRATES1 & ! ,ANGLO-,AM]ICAN ,M>ITIME ,WORLD1 #a#g-#a#g#e4 ,CAMBRIDGE1 ,M,A3 ,CAMBDRIGE ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #a#i#h#g4 ------4 0,HYDR>*Y & ,LIB]TALIA3 ,! ,UTOPIAN ,DIM5SIONS ( ,ATLANTIC ,PIRACY 9 ! ,E>LY ,EI ON ,TRADE 9 ! ,EIKEY1 ,E4 ,S4 VAN ,EYCK VAN ,HESL+A & ,J4 ,A4 DE ,MOOR4 ,EXET]3 ,UNIV]SITY ( ,EXET] ,PRESS1 #a#i#i#g4 ------4 0,LIB]TALIA3 ,! ,PIRATE'S ,UTOPIA40 ,9 ,PIRATES3 ,AN ,ILLU/RAT$ ,HI/ORY ( ,PRIVATE]S1 ,BUCCANE]S1 & ,PIRATES FOM ! ,SIXTE5? ,C5TURY TO ! PRES5T1 $IT$ BY ,DAVID ,CORD+LY1 #a#b#d-#a#c#i4 ,LONDON3 ,SALAM&]1 #a#i#i#f4 ------4 0,LIB]TY ,B5EA? ! ,JOLLY ,ROG]3 ,! ,LIVES ( ,ANNE ,BONNY & ,M>Y ,READ40 ,9 ,B&ITS AT ,SEA1 $IT$ BY ,C4 ,R4 ,P5NELL1 #b#i#i-#c#b4 ,NEW ,YORK3 ,NEW ,YORK ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #b#a4 ------4 ,VILLA9S ( ALL ,NATIONS3 ,ATLANTIC ,PIRATES 9 ! ,GOLD5 ,AGE4 ,LONDON @& ,NEW ,YORK3 ,V]SO1 #b#d4 ,R+ROSE1 ,BASIL4 0,! ,DANG]\S ,VOYAGE & ,BOLD ,ASSAULTS ( ,CAPTA9 ,B>?OLOMEW ,%>P & ,O!RS1 ,P]=M$ 9 ! ,S\? ,SEA1 = ! ,SPACE ( ,TWO ,YE>S1 ETC40 ,9 ,! ,BUCCANE]S ( ,AM]ICA1 BY ,JOHN ,EXQUEMEL91 ,LONDON3 ,SWAN ,SONN5S*E9 @& ,CO4 _/ ,NEW ,YORK3 ,*>LES ,SCRIBN]'S ,SONS #a#h#i#c4 ,ORIG9ALLY PUBLI%$ 9 ,! ,BUCCANE]S ( ,AM]ICA1 BY ,JOHN ,EXQUEMEL91 ,LONDON3 ,W4 ,CROOKE1 #a#f#h#e4 ,RIT*IE1 ,ROB]T ,C4 ,CAPTA9 ,KIDD & ! ,W> AGA9/ ! ,PIRATES4 ,CAMBRIDGE1 ,M,A @& ,LONDON3 ,H>V>D ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #a#i#h#f4 ,ROGOZ9SKI1 ,JAN4 ,A ,BRIEF ,HI/ORY ( ! ,C>IBBEAN3 ,FROM ! ,>AWAK & ,C>IB TO ! ,PRES5T1 REVIS$ $ITION4 ,NEW ,YORK3 ,FACTS ON ,FILE1 #a#i#i#i4 ------4 ,PIRATES6 ,AN ,A-,Z ,5CYCLOP$IA3 ,BRIG&S1 ,BUCCANE]S1 & ,PRIVATE]S 9 ,FACT1 ,FICTION1 & ,LEG5D4 ,NEW ,YORK3 ,DA ,CAPO ,PRESS1 #a#i#i#f4 ,R\SE1 ,IRV+4 0,! ,WE/ ,9DIES40 ,9 ,H&BOOK ( ,S\? ,AM]ICAN ,9DIANS4 ,VOL4 #d1 ,! ,CIRCUM-,C>IBBEAN ,TRIBES1 BY ,JULIAN ,H4 ,/EW>D1 #d#i#e-#e#f#e4 ,WA%+TON3 ,UNIT$ ,/ATES ,GOV]NM5T ,PR9T+ ,(FICE1 #a#i#d#h4 ------4 ,! ,TA9OS3 ,RISE & ,DECL9E ( ! ,PEOPLE ,:O ,GREET$ ,COLUMBUS4 ,NEW ,HAV5 @& ,LONDON3 ,YALE ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #a#i#i#b4 ,RYAN1 ,RAMOR4 ,CL&E/9ES3 ,! ,PIRATE ,J\RNALS ( AN ,IRI% ,EXILE4 ,OAKL& @& ,$9BUR<3 ,A,K ,PRESS1 #b#f4 ,SAHL9S1 ,M>%ALL4 ,/ONE ,AGE ,ECONOMICS4 ,LONDON3 ,TAVI/OCK ,PUBLICATIONS1 #a#i#g#d4 ------4 ,TRIBESM54 ,5GLEWOOD ,CLIFFS1 ,N,J3 ,PR5TICE-,HALL1 #a#i#f#h4 ,SAKOLSKY1 ,RON4 0,9TRODUCTION3 ,RHIZOMATIC ,RADIO & ! ,GREAT ,/AMP$E40 ,9 ,SEIZ+ ! ,AIRWAVES3 ,A ,FREE ,RADIO ,H&BOOK1 $IT$ BY ,RON ,SAKOLSKY & ,/EPH5 ,DUNIF]1 #g-#a#d4 ,$9BUR< @& ,SAN ,FRANCISCO3 ,A,K ,PRESS1 #a#i#i#h4 ,S*ONHORN1 ,MANUEL4 ,COMM5T>Y & ,NOTES 9 ,A ,G5]AL ,HI/ORY ( ! ,PYRATES1 BY ,DANIEL ,DEFOE1 $IT$ BY ,MANUEL ,S*ONHORN1 #f#f#c-#f#i#f4 ,LONDON3 ,J4 ,M4 ,D5T @& ,SONS1 #a#i#g#b4 ,S5NET1 ,RI*>D4 ,FLE% & ,/ONE3 ,! ,BODY & ! ,CITY 9 ,WE/]N ,CIVILIZATION4 ,LONDON_/,BO/ON3 ,FAB] & ,FAB]1 #a#i#i#d4 ,S]VICE1 ,ELMAN ,R4 ,! ,HUNT]S4 #bND $4 ,5GLEWOOD ,CLIFFS1 ,N,J3 ,PR5TICE-,HALL1 ,9C41 #aiff @& #a#i#g#i4 ,%ELVOCKE1 ,GEORGE4 ,A ,VOYAGE ,R\ND ! ,WORLD 7BY ! ,WAY ( ! ,GREAT ,S\? ,SEA74 ,LONDON3 ,J4 ,S5EX ET AL41 #a#g#c#f4 ,%]RY1 ,FRANK4 ,RAID]S @& ,REBELS3 ,! ,GOLD5 ,AGE ( ,PIRACY4 ,NEW ,YORK3 ,QUILL1 #a#i#h#f4 ,SNELD]S1 ,/EPH54 ,! ,DEVIL'S ,AN>*Y3 ,! ,SEA ,ROBB]IES ( ! ,MO/ ,FAM\S ,PIRATE ,CLAES ,G4 ,COMPTON @& ,! ,V]Y ,REM>KABLE ,TRAVELS ( ,JAN ,]ASMUS ,REYN+1 ,BUCCANE]4 ,NEW ,YORK3 ,AUTONOM$IA1 #b#e4 ,SNELGRAVE1 ,WILLIAM4 ,A ,NEW ,ACC\NT ( ,SOME ,P>TS ( ,GU9EA & ! ,SLAVE ,TRADE4 ,LONDON3 ,C4 ,W>D & ,A4 ,*&L]1 #a#g#c#e4 ,REPR9T$ ,LONDON3 ,FRANK ,CASS1 #a#i#g4 ,ALL REF]5CES TO ! #aig $ITION4 ,SOPH]1 ,DAVID ,E4 ,! ,SEA ,NOMADS3 ,A ,/UDY ,BAS$ ON ! ,LIT]ATURE ( ! ,M>ITIME ,BOAT ,PEOPLE ( ,S\!A/ ,ASIA4 ,MEMOIRS ( ! ,NATIONAL ,MUSEUM NO4 #e4 ,S+APORE1 #a#i#f#e4 ,/>KEY1 ,DAVID ,J4 0,PIRATES & ,M>KETS40 ,9 ,B&ITS AT ,SEA1 $IT$ BY ,C4 ,R4 ,P5NELL1 #a#g-#a#b#d4 ,NEW ,YORK3 ,NEW ,YORK ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #b#a4 ------4 0,! ,ORIG9S & ,REGULATION ( ,EID1 ,JULIAN ,H41 $4 ,H&BOOK ( ,S\? ,AM]ICAN ,9DIANS4 ,VOL4 #d1 ,! ,CIRCUM-,C>IBBEAN ,TRIBES4 ,WA%+TON3 ,UNIT$ ,/ATES ,GOV]NM5T ,PR9T+ ,(FICE1 #a#i#d#h4 ,/\T1 ,DAVID ,B4 0,! ,*OCO40 ,9 ,H&BOOK ( ,S\? ,AM]ICAN ,9DIANS4 ,VOL4 #d1 ,! ,CIRCUM-,C>IBBEAN ,TRIBES1 $IT$ BY ,JULIAN ,H4 ,/EW>D1 #b#f#i-#b#g#f4 ,WA%+TON3 ,UNIT$ ,/ATES ,GOV]NM5T ,PR9T+ ,(FICE1 #a#i#d#h4 ------4 0,! ,CUNA40 ,9 ,H&BOOK ( ,S\? ,AM]ICAN ,9DIANS4 ,VOL4 #d1 ,! ,CIRCUM-,C>IBBEAN ,TRIBES1 $IT$ BY ,JULIAN ,H4 ,/EW>D1 #b#e#g-#b#f#h4 ,WA%+TON3 ,UNIT$ ,/ATES ,GOV]NM5T ,PR9T+ ,(FICE1 #a#i#d#h4 ,TOMSON1 ,JANICE ,E4 ,M]C5>IES1 ,PIRATES & ,SOV]EIGNS3 ,/ATE-,BUILD+ & ,EXTRAT]RITORIAL ,VIOL5CE 9 ,E>LY ,MOD]N ,EUROPE4 ,PR9CETON1 ,N,J3 ,PR9CETON ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #a#i#i#d4 ,TOMSON1 ,ROSEM>IE ,G>L&4 ,EXTRAORD9>Y ,BODIES3 ,FIGUR+ ,PHYSICAL ,DISABILITY 9 ,AM]ICAN ,CULTURE & ,LIT]ATURE4 ,NEW ,YORK3 ,COLUMBIA ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #a#i#i#g4 ,TRE951 ,HE9]4 0,P>ASIT>E ,AN>*IE3 ,DIE K>IBIS*E ,PIRAT]IE IM #a#g4 ,JAHRHUND]T40 ,UNT] DEM ,PFLA/] LIEGT D] ,/R& NO4 #i 7#a#i#h#a73 #g-#c#e4 ,TURLEY1 ,HANS4 ,RUM1 ,SODOMY & ! ,LA%3 ,PIRACY1 ,SEXUALITY @& ,MASCUL9E ,ID5TITY4 ,NEW ,YORK & ,LONDON3 ,NEW ,YORK ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #a#i#i#i4 VAN ,D9T]1 ,MA>T5 ,HESSELT1 ,! ,WORLD ( ,TATOOS3 ,AN ,ILLU/RAT$ ,HI/ORY4 ,AM/]DAM3 ,K,I,T1 #b#e4 ,WAF]1 ,LIONEL4 ,A ,NEW ,VOYAGE @& ,DESCRIPTION ( ! ,I/HMUS ( ,AM]ICA4 ,LONDON3 ,JAMES ,KNAPTON1 #a#f#i#i4 ,REPR9T$ ,OX=D3 ,! ,HAKLUYT ,SOCIETY1 #a#i#c#d4 ,ALL REF]5CES TO ! #aicd $ITION4 ,WATS1 ,DAVID4 0,! ,C>IBBEAN ,5VIRONM5T & ,E>LY ,SETLEM5T40 ,9 ,G5]AL ,HI/ORY ( ! ,C>IBBEAN4 ,VOL4#b1 ,NEW SOCIETIES3 ,! ,C>IBBEAN 9 ! LONG SIXTE5? C5TURY1 $IT$ BY ,P4 ,C4 ,EMM]1 #b#i-#d#b4 ,LONDON & ,BAS+/OKE3 ,U,N,E,S,C,O ,PUBLI%+1 #a#i#i#i4 ,WEA!R=D1 ,JACK4 ,9DIAN ,GIV]S3 ,H[ ! ,9DIANS ( ! ,AM]ICAS ,TRANS=M$ ! ,WORLD4 ,NEW ,YORK3 ,BALLANT9E ,BOOKS1 #a#i#h#h4 ,WILLIAMS1 ,NEVILLE4 ,CAPTA9S ,\TRAGE\S3 ,SEV5 ,C5TURIES ( ,PIRACY4 ,LONDON3 ,B>RIE & ,ROCKLIFF1 #a#i#f#a4 ------4 ,! ,SEA ,DOGS3 ,PRIVATE]S1 ,PLUND] @& ,PIRACY 9 ! ,ELIZABE?AN ,AGE4 ,LONDON3 ,WEID5FELD & ,NICOLSON1 #a#i#g#e4 ,WILSON1 ,PET] ,LAMBORN4 ,PIRATE ,UTOPIAS3 ,MOORI% ,CORSAIRS @& ,EUROPEAN ,R5EGADOES4 #bND REV4 $4 ,NEW ,YORK3 ,AUTONOM$IA1 #aiie @& #b#c4 ------4 ,PREFACE TO ,! ,DEVIL'S ,AN>*Y3 ,! ,SEA ,ROBB]IES ( ! ,MO/ ,FAM\S ,PIRATE ,CLAES ,G4 ,COMPTON @& ,! ,V]Y ,REM>KABLE ,TRAVELS ( ,JAN ,]ASMUS ,REYN+1 ,BUCCANE]1 BY ,/EPH5 ,SNELD]S4 ,NEW ,YORK3 ,AUTONOM$IA1 #b#e4 ,WILSON1 ,SAMUEL ,M4 ,HISPANIOLA3 ,C>IBBEAN ,*IEFDOMS 9 ! ,AGE ( ,COLUMBUS4 ,TUSCALOOSA & ,LONDON3 ,UNIV]SITY ( ,ALABAMA ,PRESS1 #a#i#i4 ,W9/ON1 ,ALEX&]4 ,NO ,PUR*ASE1 ,NO ,PAY3 ,MORGAN1 ,KIDD & ,WOODES ,ROG]S 9 ! ,GREAT ,AGE ( ,PRIVATE]S & ,PIRATES #a#f#f#e-#a#g#a#e4 ,LONDON3 ,EYRE @& ,SPOTISWOODE1 #a#i#g4 ,WOOD1 ,PET]4 ,! ,SPANI% ,MA94 ,AM/]DAM3 ,TIME-,LIFE ,BOOKS1 #a#i#h4 ,WOOD>D1 ,COL94 ,! ,REPUBLIC ( ,PIRATES4 ,ORL&O3 ,H>C\RT1 #b#g4 ,WRI\ND ! ,WORLD4 ,WAT]T[N1 ,M,A3 ,*>LESBRIDGE1 #b#h4 .<#a.> ,*RIS ,L&1 0,FLY+ ! ,BLACK ,FLAG3 ,REVOLT1 ,REVOLUTION & ! ,SOCIAL ,ORGANIZATION ( ,PIRACY 9 ! ',GOLD5 ,AGE1'0,MANAGEM5T @& ,ORGANIZATIONAL ,HI/ORY #b 7#b#g73 #a#g4 .<#b.> ,$W>D ,LUCIE-,SMI?1 ,\TCA/S ( ! ,SEA3 ,PIRATES & ,PIRACY 7,NEW ,YORK @& ,LONDON3 ,PADD+TON ,PRESS1 #a#i#g#h71 #g4 .<#c.> ,J5IF] ,G4 ,M>X1 0,! ,BRE?R5 ( ! ,COA/0 9 ,PIRATES3 ,AN ,ILLU/RAT$ ,HI/ORY ( ,PRIVATE]S1 ,BUCCANE]S1 & ,PIRATES FOM ! ,SIXTE5? ,C5TURY TO ! ,PRES5T1 $4 ,DAVID ,CORD+LY 7,LONDON3 ,LITLE1 ,BR[N & ,COMPANY1 #a#i#i#e71 #c#g4 .<#d.> ,D\GLAS ,BOT+1 ,! ,PIRATES 7,AM/]DAM3 ,TIME-,LIFE ,BOOKS1 #a#i#g#i71 #a#g#g4 .<#e.> ,DAVID ,CORD+LY1 ,LIFE ,AMONG ! ,PIRATES3 ,! ,ROMANCE & ! ,REALITY 7,LONDON3 ,LITLE1 ,BR[N & ,COMPANY1 #a#i#i#e71 #b#h#b4 .<#f.> ,IBID41 #c4 .<#g.> ,M>CUS ,R$IK]1 ,VILLA9S ( ALL ,NATIONS3 ,ATLANTIC ,PIRATES 9 ! ,GOLD5 ,AGE 7,LONDON @& ,NEW ,YORK3 ,V]SO1 #b#d71 #a#g#f4 .<#h.> ,PET] ,E>LE1 ,SAILORS3 ,5GLI% ,M]*ANT ,SEAM5 #a#f#e-#a#g#g#e 7,LONDON3 ,ME?U51 #a#i#i#h71 #a#h#a4 ,SIMIL>LY1 ,PHILIP ,GOSSE HAS /AT$3 0,! 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P]IOD FROM #affh TO #a#f#g#a1 WAS PUBLI%$ 9 ,AM/]DAM 9 #a#f#i#a1 & HAS ONLY REC5TLY BE5 RELAT$ 9 ,5GLI% ?ANKS TO ! WORK ( ,/EPH5 ,SNELD]S 7,! ,DEVIL'S ,AN>*Y74 ,WILLIAM ,DAMPI] TRAVEL$ SEV]AL YE>S ) PRIVATE]S & SP5T SOME TIME AMONG ! LOGWOOD CUT]S 9 ! ,BAY ( ,CAMPE*E4 ,HIS ACC\NTS W]E PUBLI%$ AS ,DAMPI]'S ,VOYAGES BETWE5 #afig & #a#f#i#i4 ,BASIL ,R+ROSE'S ,! ,DANG]\S ,VOYAGE1 FIR/ PUBLI%$ 9 #a#f#h#e1 TELLS AB\T A BUCCANE] EXCURSION UND] ,CAPTA9 ,B>?OLOMEW ,%>P4 .<#a#c.> ,! ID5TITY ( ,CAPTA9 ,JOHNSON REMA9S DISPUT$4 ,9 ! #a#i#cS1 LIT]>Y HI/ORIAN ,JOHN ,ROB]T ,MOORE ANN\NC$ ?AT ,CAPTA9 ,*>LES ,JOHNSON WAS A NOM DE PLUME = ! FAM$ NOVELI/ ,DANIEL ,DEFOE4 ,HE SUPPORT$ HIS !SIS SO CONV9C+LY 9 ! BOOK ,DEFOE 9 ! ,PILLORY & ,O!R ,/UDIES 7#a#i#c#i7 ?AT SOME $ITIONS ( ,A ,G5]AL ,HI/ORY EV5 BEGAN TO C>RY ,DEFOE'S NAME4 ,H[EV]1 9 #a#i#h#h1 ,P4 ,N4 ,FURBANK & ,W4 ,R4 ,[5S PUBLI%$ ,! ,CANONIZATION ( ,DANIEL ,DEFOE & PR(\NDLY *ALL5G$ ,MOORE'S ASSUMPTIONS1 9SI/+ ?AT !RE WAS 0NOT A S+LE PIECE ( EXT]NAL EVID5CE TO SUPPORT1 & QUITE A FEW PIECES ( SU* EVID5CE TO >GUE 7APP>5TLY7 AGA9/0 ,DEFOE'S AU?OR%IP 7#a#b74 ,= ?OSE 9T]E/$ 9 ! DETAILS ( ! DEBATE1 ! 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,SEA1 = ! ,SPACE ( ,TWO ,YE>S1 ETC40 9 ,EXQUEMEL91 #c#i#i4 .<#a#g#h.> ,%]RY1 #a#b#h4 .<#a#g#i.> ,SNELD]S1 #a#h#g4 .<#a#h.> ,DELEUZE & ,GUAT>I1 ,NOMADOLOGY1 #a#a4 .<#a#h#a.> ,JOHNSON1 #e#d#d4 .<#a#h#b.> ,CLA/RES1 #c4 .<#a#h#c.> ,JOHNSON1 #a#h#e4 .<#a#h#d.> ,SAHL9S1 ,TRIBESM51 #g#h4 ,SAHL9S ALSO LI/S SEV]AL PAGES WOR? ( EXAMPLES = ?IS PRACTICE 9 ,/ONE ,AGE ,ECONOMICS 7,LONDON3 ,TAVI/OCK ,PUBLICATIONS1 #a#i#g#d71 #b#d#f-#b#f#d4 .<#a#h#e.> ,SAHL9S1 ,TRIBESM51 #g#i4 .<#a#h#f.> ,CLA/RES1 #c4 .<#a#h#g.> ,IBID41 #c#a4 .<#a#h#h.> ,JOHNSON1 #a#h4 .<#a#h#i.> ,CLA/RES1 #c4 .<#a#i.> ,TRE951 #c#a4 .<#a#i#a.> ,CLA/RES1 #b#g4 .<#a#i#b.> ,JOHNSON1 #a#h#e4 .<#a#i#c.> ,CLA/RES1 #b#i4 .<#a#i#d.> ,R$IK]1 ,VILLA9S ( ,ALL ,NATIONS1 #f#e4 .<#a#i#e.> ,CLA/RES1 #b#i4 .<#a#i#f.> ,DELEUZE @& ,GUAT>I1 ,NOMADOLOGY1 #a#a4 .<#a#i#g.> ,SIMIL> P>ALLELS CAN BE DRAWN TO ! DESCRIPTION ( NOMADIC *IEFDOMS4 0,:]E !RE WAS A SUPREME *IEF HIS FUNCTIONS FREQU5TLY W]E P>TIALLY SIMIL> TO ?OSE ( A *IEF 9 A S$5T>Y SOCIETY1 = LEGAL PROC$URE1 C]EMONIAL & EXT]NAL RELATIONS4 ,H[EV]1 NO LESS1 IF NOT MORE IMPORTANT W]E HIS O!R FUNCTIONS1 = M$IATION 9 9T]NAL CONFLICTS & MILIT>Y LEAD]%IP4444 ,9 NORMAL CIRCUM/ANCES ABS5CES ( A LEGITIMATE & CO]CIVE P[] TO 5=CE DECISIONS IS EV5 MORE *>ACT]I/IC ( NOMADIC LEAD]%IPS ?AN IT IS ( ! LEAD]%IPS ( A S$5T>Y *IEFDOM444 ! *IEFDOMS !MSELVES TO A C]TA9 EXT5T MAY BE CALL$ DISPOSITIONAL4 ,IT IS = ?IS REASON ?AT NOMADIC *IEFDOMS >E USUALLY EXTREMELY UN/ABLE1 ?AT !IR LEAD]%IP IS DIFFUSE & DEC5TRALIZ$ & !IR COMPOSITION FLUID & IMP]MAN5T0 7,KHAZANOV1 #a#f#f-#a#f#i74 .<#a#i#h.> ,CLA/RES1 #b#f4 .<#a#i#i.> ,IBID41 #b#g4 .<#b.> ,IBID41 #b#i4 .<#b#a.> ,JOHNSON1 #e#f4 .<#b#b.> ,SNELD]S1 #a#h#a4 .<#b#c.> ,JOHNSON1 #e#d#c4 .<#b#d.> ,CORD+LY1 ,LIFE ,AMONG ! ,PIRATES1 #a#c#b4 .<#b#e.> ,JOHNSON1 #a#f#h4 .<#b#f.> ,IBID41 #b#c4 .<#b#g.> ,%]RY1 #a#c#a4 .<#b#h.> ,E>LE1 ,PIRATE ,W>S1 #a#a4 .<#b#i.> ,CORD+LY1 ,LIFE ,AMONG ! ,PIRATES1 #a#a#a4 .<#b#a.> ,J4 ,S4 ,BROMLEY1 0,\TLAWS AT ,SEA1 #a#f#f-#a#g#b3 ,LIB]TY1 ,EQUALITY & ,FRAT]NITY AMONG ! ,C>IBBEAN ,FREEBOOT]S10 9 ,HI/ORY FOM ,BEL[3 ,/UDIES 9 ,POPUL> ,PROTE/ & ,POPUL> ,IDEOLOGY 9 ,HONOR ( ,GEORGE ,RUDE1 $4 ,FR$]ICK ,KRANTZ 7,MONTREAL3 ,CONCORDIA ,UNIV]SITY1 #a#i#h#e71 #c#i4 .<#b#a#a.> ,SNELD]S1 #i#f4 .<#b#a#b.> ,CLA/RES1 #a#i#c4 .<#b#a#c.> ,IBID41 #a#i#f4 .<#b#a#d.> ,SAHL9S1 ,TRIBESM51 #g#i4 .<#b#a#e.> ,SNELD]S1 #a#h4 .<#b#a#f.> ,SAHL9S1 ,/ONE ,AGE ,ECONOMICS1 #c#e4 .<#b#a#g.> ,BOT+1 #d#e4 .<#b#a#h.> ,SAHL9S1 ,/ONE ,AGE ,ECONOMICS1 #a4 .<#b#a#i.> ,SNELD]S1 #b#e4 .<#b#b.> ,CLA/RES1 #a#i#g4 .<#b#b#a.> ,CLA/RES1 #a#i#e4 .<#b#b#b.> ,BESSON1 #a#i#g4 .<#b#b#c.> ,SAHL9S1 ,/ONE ,AGE ,ECONOMIES1 #a-#b4 ,ON ! 0ORIG9AL AFFLU5T SOCIETY0 SPECIFICALLY1 SEE ! *APT] ( ! SAME NAME1 #a-#c#i4 .<#b#b#d.> ,EXQUEMEL91 #d4 .<#b#b#e.> ,IBID41 #g#b4 .<#b#b#f.> ,IBID4 .<#b#b#g.> ,CORD+LY & ,FALCON]1 ,PIRATES1 #a#a#d4 .<#b#b#h.> ,IBID4 .<#b#b#i.> ,BESSON1 #a#d4 .<#b#c.> ,KLAUSMANN ET4 AL41 #afe @& #a#f#i4 .<#b#c#a.> ,L&1 #a#g#h4 .<#b#c#b.> ,SNELD]S1 #a4 .<#b#c#c.> ,S]VICE1 #a#f4 .<#b#c#d.> ,GU/AVO ,M>T9-,FRAGA*AN1 0,9TELLECTUAL1 ,>TI/IC & ,IDEOLOGICAL ,ASPECTS ( ,CULTURES 9 ! ,NEW ,WORLD10 9 ,G5]AL ,HI/ORY ( ! ,C>IBBEAN1 $4 ,P4 ,C4 ,EMM] 7,LONDON & ,BAS+/OKE3 ,U,N,E,S,C,O ,PUBLI%+1 #a#i#i#i71 #b3 #b#g#d4 .<#b#c#e.> ,ANONYM\S1 0,PIRATE ,UTOPIAS3 ,UND] ! ,BANN] ( ,K+ ,DEA?40 .<#b#c#f.> ,KA?Y ,ACK]1 ,PUSSY1 ,K+ ( ! ,PIRATES 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,GROVE ,PRESS1 #a#i#i#f71 #b#g#f4 .<#b#c#g.> ,S]VICE1 #g#d-#g#e4 .<#b#c#h.> ,SAHL9S1 ,TRIBESM51 #h4 .<#b#c#i.> ,%]RY1 #a#b#b4 .<#b#d.> ,FRI$RI* ,5GELS1 ,D] ,URSPRUNG D] ,FAMILIE1 DES ,PRIVATEIG5TUMS UND DES ,/AATS1 9 ,K>L ,M>X & ,FRI$RI* ,5GELS1 ,W]KE1 ,B& #b#a1 #e4 ,AUFLAGE 7,HOT+5-,ZURI*3 ,S*WEIZ]IS*E ,G5OSS5S*AFSDRUCK]EI1 #a#h#h#d2 ,B]L93 ,DIETZ1 #a#i#g#e71 #a#e#e4 .<#b#d#a.> ,S]VICE1 #a#f-#a#g4 ,= ,SAHL9S' DESCRIPTION SEE ,TRIBESM51 #h#b-#i#e1 & ! *APT] 0,ON ,SOCIOLOGY ( ,PRIMITIVE ,EX*ANGE0 9 ,/ONE ,AGE ,ECONOMICS1 #a#h#e-#b#g#e1 ) MANY PRACTICAL EXAMPLES RELEVANT = ! PIRATE COMP>ISON ON PAGES #b#f#c4 .<#b#d#b.> ,ANONYM\S1 0,PIRATE ,UTOPIAS3 ,UND] ! ,BANN] ( ,K+ ,DEA?40 .<#b#d#c.> ,R+ROSE1 #e-#e#a4 .<#b#d#d.> ,E>LE1 ,! ,PIRATE ,W>S1 #a#c4 .<#b#d#e.> ,AS F> AS L& B&ITS >E CONC]N$1 SEE 0,SOCIAL ,B&ITS0 :I* 9CLUDES A NUMB] ( COMP>ISONS4 ,= WRECK]S1 SEE ! WORK ( ,TREVOR ,B>K1 = EXAMPLE 0,VICTORY ( ! ,WRECK]S10 ,MAYDAY3 ,MAGAZ9E = ,AN>*I/_/,LIB]T>IAN ,IDEAS & ,ACTION #a 7#b#g_/#b#h74 .<#b#d#f.> ,SAHL9S1 ,/ONE ,AGE ,ECONOMICS1 #d#a-#i#i4 .<#b#d#g.> ,SAHL9S1 ,TRIBESM51 #d#a4 .<#b#d#h.> ,ON PIRATE FA%ION SEE 0,FA%ION1 ,FOOD1 ,FUN1 ,L+O0 9 ! NEXT *APT]4 .<#b#d#i.> ,SEE 9 P>TICUL> ! ACC\NT ( ,WILLIAM ,DAMPI]1 ,DAMPI]'S ,VOYAGES1 $41 ,JOHN ,MASEFIELD 7,LONDON3 ,E4 ,GRANT ,RI*>DS1 #a#i#f74 ,ORIG9AL TEXTS PUBLI%$ BETWE5#a#f#i#g & #a#g#b#i4 .<#b#e.> ,P4 ,K4 ,KEMP & ,*RI/OPH] ,LLOYD1 ,BRE?R5 ( ! ,COA/3 ,BUCCANE]S ( ! ,S\? ,SEAS 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,/4 ,M>T9'S ,PRESS1 #a#i#f#a71 #e4 .<#b#e#a.> ,CORD+LY & ,FALCON]1 #g4 .<#b#e#b.> ,CORD+LY1 ,LIFE ,AMONG ! ,PIRATES1 #a#c4 .<#b#e#c.> ,E>LE1 ,PIRATE ,W>S1 #a#g#f-#a#g#g4 .<#b#e#d.> ,KON/AM1 ,HI/ORY ( ,PIRATES1 #i#f4 .<#b#e#e.> ,ANNE ,P]OT9-,DUMON1 0,! ,PIRATE & ! ,EMP]OR3 ,P[] & ,LAW ON ! ,SEAS1 #a#d#e-#a#h#e1 0 9 ,B&ITS AT ,SEA3 ,A ,PIRATES ,READ]1 $4 ,C4 ,R4 ,P5NELL 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,NEW ,YORK ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #b#a71 #d4 .<#b#e#f.> ,KHAZANOV1 #a#b#b4 .<#b#e#g.> ,SNELD]S1 #f4 .<#b#e#h.> ,*>LES ,GRAY1 ,PIRATES ( ! ,EA/]N ,SEAS 7#a#f#a#h-#a#g#b#c73 ,A ,LURID ,PAGE ( ,HI/ORY 7,LONDON3 ,SAMPSON ,L[1 ,M>/ON @& ,CO41 N4D471 #a#f4 .<#b#e#i.> ,GOSSE1 ,! ,PIRATES' ,:O'S ,:O1 #a-#a#a4 .<#b#f.> ,SAHL9S1 ,TRIBESM51 #c#f4 .<#b#f#a.> ,KNI ,E4 ,J4 ,HOBSBAWM1 ,B&ITS 7,LONDON3 ,WEID5FELD & ,NI*OLSON1 #a#i#f#i71 #g#c-#g#d4 .<#b#f#c.> ,CLA/RES1 #b4 .<#b#f#d.> ,IBID41 #b#e4 .<#b#f#e.> ,R$IK]1 ,VILLA9S ( ,ALL ,NATIONS1 #a#g#f4 ,COMP>E ALSO ! DEF9ITION ( PIRACY 9 ,! ,TRYAL1 ,EXAM9ATION & ,CONDEMNATION1 ( ,CAPTA9 ,GRE5 #a#g#e1 ALREADY QUOT$ 9 0,MAT]S ( ,T]M9OLOGY03 0,A PIRATE IS 9 A P]PETUAL W> ) EV]Y 9DIVIDUAL1 & EV]Y /ATE1 ,*RI/IAN OR 9FIDEL4 ,PIRATES PROP]LY HAVE NO C\NTRY1 BUT BY ! NATURE ( !IR GUILT1 SEP>ATE !MSELVES1 & R5\NCE ON ?IS MAT]1 ! B5EFIT ( ALL LAWFUL SOCIETIES0 7,TURLEY1 #d#d74 .<#b#f#f.> ,SAHL9S1 ,TRIBESM51 #f4 .<#b#f#g.> ,S]VICE1 #e4 .<#b#f#h.> ,IBID41 #b4 .<#b#f#i.> ,CLA/RES1 #a#c4 .<#b#g.> ,JOHNSON1 #c#f4 .<#b#g#a.> ,CLA/RES1 #b4 .<#b#g#b.> ,IBID41 #b#a#c4 .<#b#g#c.> ,P>ALLELS ALSO EXI/ ) RESPECT TO ,S\!A/ ,ASIA'S SEA NOMADS1 AT LEA/ IF WE BELIEVE ,DAVID ,E4 ,SOPH]'S CLAIM ?AT 0! LOOSE ORGANIZATION ( ! SEA NOMADS 9 SMALL GR\PS IS *>ACT]I/IC ( =E/ PRIMITIVES0 7#b#f#f74 .<#b#g#d.> ,SAHL9S1 ,TRIBESM51 VIII @& #b#a4 .<#b#g#e.> ,IBID41 #b#a4 .<#b#g#f.> ,IBID41 #b#c4 .<#b#g#g.> ,SEE 0,REVOLUTION>Y1 ,RADICAL1 & ,PROLET>IAN ,PIRATES80 9 ,*APT] ,F\R = AN EXT5D$ DISCUSSION4 .<#b#g#h.> ,JULIAN ,GRANB]RY1 ,! ,AM]ICAS ?AT ,MI ,IRV+ ,R\SE1 0,! ,WE/ ,9DIES10 9 ,H&BOOK ( ,S\? ,AM]ICAN ,9DIANS VOL4 #d1 $4 ,JULIAN ,H4 ,/EW>D 7,WA%+TON3 ,UNIT$ ,/ATES ,GOV]NM5T ,PR9T+ ,(FICE1 #a#i#d#h74 .<#b#h.> ,SEE = EXAMPLE ,DAVID ,WATS1 0,! ,C>IBBEAN ,5VIRONM5T & ,E>LY ,SETLEM5T10 9 ,G5]AL ,HI/ORY ( ! ,C>IBBEAN1 $4 ,P4,C4 ,EMM] 7,LONDON & ,BAS+/OKE3 ,U,N,E,S,C,O ,PUBLI%+1 #a#i#i#i71 #b3 #c#c-#c#d4 .<#b#h#a.> ,KNI ,GRANB]RY1 #a#c#g4 .<#b#h#c.> ,KNI ,SEE ! DESCRIPTION ( ,WILLIAM ,DAMPI]'S TIME SP5T AMONG ! LOGWOOD CUT]S 9 ,DAMPI]'S ,VOYAGES4 .<#b#h#e.> ,SNELD]S1 #g#a4 .<#b#h#f.> ,SEE ,JACK ,WEA!R=D1 ,9DIAN ,GIV]S3 ,H[ ! ,9DIANS ( ! ,AM]ICAS ,TRANS=M$ ! ,WORLD 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,BALLANT9E ,BOOKS1 #a#i#h#h74 .<#b#h#g.> ,DAVID ,B4 ,/\T1 0,! ,CUNA10 9 ,H&BOOK ( ,S\? ,AM]ICAN ,9DIANS1 $4 ,JULIAN ,H4 ,/EW>D 7,WA%+TON3 ,UNIT$ ,/ATES ,GOV]NM5T ,PR9T+ ,(FICE1 #a#i#d#h71 #d3 #b#f#a4 .<#b#h#h.> ,CLA/RES1 #b#h4 .<#b#h#i.> ,R\SE1 0,! ,WE/ ,9DIES10 #d#i#f4 .<#b#i.> ,EXQUEMEL91 #a#d4 .<#b#i#a.> ,IRV+ ,R\SE1 ,! ,TA9OS3 ,RISE & ,DECL9E ( ! ,PEOPLE ,:O ,GREET$ ,COLUMBUS 7,NEW ,HAV5 @& ,LONDON3 ,YALE ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #a#i#i#b71 #b#b4 .<#b#i#b.> ,R\SE1 0,! ,WE/ ,9DIES10 #e#e#e4 .<#b#i#c.> ,= A %ORT OV]VIEW ( CONTEMPORANE\S REPORTS ON ! RELATIONS BETWE5 ,MOSQUITO ,9DIANS & BUCCANE]S1 SEE ,B>ON ,P9$A1 ,%IPWRECK$ ,ID5TITIES3 ,NAVIGAT+ ,RACE ON ,NIC>AGUA'S ,MOSQUITO ,COA/ 7,NEW ,BRUNSWICK3 ,RUTG]S ,UNIV]/IY ,PRESS1 #b#f71 #c#e-#c#h4 .<#b#i#d.> ,SEE ,PAUL ,KIR*H(F1 0,! ,C>IBBEAN ,L[L& ,TRIBES10 9 ,H&BOOK ( ,S\? ,AM]ICAN ,9DIANS1 $4 ,JULIAN ,H4 ,/EW>D 7,WA%+TON3 ,UNIT$ ,/ATES ,GOV]NM5T ,PR9T+ ,(FICE1 #a#i#d#h7 #d3 #b#b#d-#b#b#e4 .<#b#i#e.> ,SEE ! RELEVANT SECTION 9 ,*APT] ,F\R4 .<#b#i#f.> ,KNI ,*RIS ,J5KS1 ,SUBCULTURE3 ,! ,FRAGM5TATION ( ! ,SOCIAL 7,LONDON3 ,SAGE1 #b#e71 #a#b#i4 .<#b#i#h.> ,IBID4 .<#b#i#i.> ,CORD+LY1 ,LIFE ,AMONG ! ,PIRATES1 #e#f4 .<#c.> ,R$IK]1 ,VILLA9S ( ,ALL ,NATIONS1 #f#c4 .<#c#a.> ,GOSSE1 ,! ,HI/ORY ( ,PIRACY1 #c4 .<#c#b.> ,IBID41 #a#i#d4 .<#c#c.> ,CORD+LY1 ,LIFE ,AMONG ! ,PIRATES1 #b#f4 .<#c#d.> ,M>GO ,DE,MELLO1 ,BODIES ( ,9SCRIPTION3 ,A ,CULTURAL ,HI/ORY ( ! ,MOD]N ,TATOO ,COMMUNITY 7,DURHAM1 ,N,C3 ,DUKE ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #b71 #d#d-#g4 .<#c#e.> ,JULIET ,FLEM+1 0,! ,R5AISSANCE ,TATOO10 9 ,WRIT5 ON ! ,BODY3 ,! ,TATOO 9 ,EUROPEAN & ,AM]ICAN ,HI/ORY1 $4 ,JANE ,CAPLAN 7,LONDON3 ,REAKTION1 #b71 #f#a-#h#a4 .<#c#f.> ,MA>T5 ,HESSELT VAN ,D9T]1 ,! ,WORLD ( ,TATOOS3 ,AN ,ILLU/RAT$ ,HI/ORY 7,AM/]DAM3 ,K,I,T1 #b#e71 #b#a#e-#b#a#f4 .<#c#g.> ,DAMPI]1 #d#i#d-#e#c4 .<#c#h.> ,RIT*IE1 #a#a#d4 .<#c#i.> ,SNELD]S1 #a#i#d-#a#i#e4 .<#c#a.> ,KON/AM1 ,HI/ORY ( ,PIRATES1 #a#h#d4 .<#c#a#a.> ,SEE ,RIT*IE1 #a#a#d-#a#a#e4 .<#c#a#b.> ,ANGUS ,KON/AM1 ) ,ROG] ,MI*AEL ,KEAN1 ,PIRATES3 ,PR$ATORS ( ! ,SEAS 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,SKYHORSE ,PUBLI%+1 #b#g71 #b#c#c4 .<#c#a#c.> ,CORD+LY1 ,LIFE ,AMONG ! ,PIRATES1 #g4 .<#c#a#d.> ,JAN ,ROGOZ9SKI1 ,PIRATES6 ,AN ,A-,Z ,5CYCLOP$IA3 ,BRIG&S1 ,BUCCANE]S1 & ,PRIVATE]S 9 ,FACT1 ,FICTION & ,LEG5D 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,DA ,CAPO ,PRESS1 #a#i#i#f71 #c#b-#c#c4 .<#c#a#e.> ,ANTON ,GILL1 ,! ,DEVIL'S ,M>9]3 ,A ,LIFE ( ,WILLIAM ,DAMPI]1 ,PIRATE & ,EXPLOR]1 #a#f#e#a-#a#g#a#e 7,LONDON3 ,MI*AEL ,JOSEPH1 #a#i#i#g71 #g#h4 ,! AU?OR'S EMPHASIS4 .<#c#a#f.> ,LUCIE-,SMI?1 #b#g4 .<#c#a#g.> ,J5IF] ,G4 ,M>X1 0,! ,GOLD5 ,AGE ( ,PIRACY10 9 ,PIRATES3 ,AN ,ILLU/RAT$ ,HI/ORY ( ,PRIVATE]S1 ,BUCCANE]S1 & ,PIRATES FOM ,SIXTE5? ,C5TURY TO ! ,PRES5T 7,LONDON3 ,SALAM&]1 #a#i#i#f71 #a#i4 .<#c#a#h.> ,CRUZ ,APE/EGUI1 ,PIRATES 9 ! ,C>IBBEAN3,BUCCANE]S1 ,PRIVATE]S1 ,FREEBOOT]S & ,FILIBU/]S #a#d#i#c-#a#g#b 7,LONDON3 ,CONWAY ,M>ITIME ,PRESS1 #b#b71 #a#f#i4 .<#c#a#i.> ,IBID41 #a#f#i4 .<#c#b.> ,M>X1 0,! ,GOLD5 ,AGE ( ,PIRACY10 #a#i4 .<#c#b#a.> ,GOSSE1 ,! ,HI/ORY ( ,PIRACY1 #a#h#b4 .<#c#b#b.> ,JOHNSON1 #b#c4 .<#c#b#c.> ,NEVILLE ,WILLIAMS1 ,CAPTA9S ,\TRAGE\S3 ,SEV5 ,C5TURIES ( ,PIRACY 7,LONDON3 ,B>RIE & ,ROCKLIFF1 #a#i#f#a71 #a#e#c4 .<#c#b#d.> ,JOHNSON1 #b#e#i4 .<#c#b#e.> ,IBID4 .<#c#b#f.> ,WILSON1 ,PIRATE ,UTOPIAS1 #d#i4 .<#c#b#g.> ,GOSSE1 ,! ,HI/ORY ( ,PIRACY1 #b#a4 .<#c#b#h.> ,%]RY1 #i#e-#i#f4 .<#c#b#i.> ,BO/ON ,NEWS-,LET]1 ,AUGU/ #b#b1 #a#g#b1 QUOT$ 9 ,JOHN ,FRANKL9 ,JAMESON1 $41 ,PRIVATE]+ & ,PIRACY 9 ! ,COLONIAL ,P]IOD3 ,ILLU/RATIVE ,DOCUM5TS 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,MACMILLAN1 #a#i#b#c71 #c#a#e4 .<#c#c.> ,JOHNSON1 #d#i#b4 .<#c#c#a.> ,SNELD]S1 #a#i#h4 .<#c#c#b.> ,R$IK]1 ,VILLA9S ( ,ALL ,NATIONS1 #e#c4 .<#c#c#c.> ,SEE ,%]RY1 ,RAID]S @& ,REBELS1 #h#e-#a4 .<#c#c#d.> ,ANONYM\S1 0,PIRATE ,UTOPIAS3 ,UND] ! ,BANN] ( ,K+ ,DEA?40 .<#c#c#e.> ,KON/AM1 ,HI/ORY ( ,PIRATES1 #a#a4 .<#c#c#f.> ,SNELD]S1 #i#d4 .<#c#c#g.> ,MASEFIELD1 #a#a#a4 .<#c#c#h.> ,E>LE1 ,PIRATE ,W>S1 #a#d#f4 .<#c#c#i.> ,A4 ,HYAT ,V]RILL1 BACK COV] ( ,PHILIP ,GOSSE1 ,! ,HI/ORY ( ,PIRACY & ,! ,PIRATES' ,:O'S ,:O1 ,RIO ,GR&E ,PRESS REPR9TS4 .<#c#d.> ,KON/AM1 ,BUCCANE]S1 #a#g4 .<#c#d#a.> ,ROGOZ9SKI1 ,BRIEF ,HI/ORY ( ! ,C>IBBEAN1 #i#d4 .<#c#d#b.> ,KNI ,IBID41 #a#c4 .<#c#d#d.> ,E>LE1 ,PIRATE ,W>S1 #a#c#g4 .<#c#d#e.> ,GALV91 #a#a#i4 .<#c#d#f.> ,WILLIAMS1 ,CAPTA9S ,\TRAGE\S1 #a#b#e-#a#b#f4 .<#c#d#g.> ,ANONYM\S1 0,PIRATE ,UTOPIAS3 ,UND] ! ,BANN] ( ,K+ ,DEA?40 .<#c#d#h.> ,R$IK]1 ,VILLA9S ( ,ALL ,NATIONS1 #h4 .<#c#d#i.> ,IBID41 #a#f#d4 .<#c#e.> ,DAVID ,CORD+LY1 9TRODUCTION TO ,! ,HI/ORY ( ,PIRATES BY ,ANGUS ,KON/AM 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,! ,LYONS ,PRESS1 #a#i#i#i71 #i4 .<#c#e#a.> ,M>LEY1 ,PIRATES1 #i#h4 .<#c#e#b.> ,BO/ON ,NEWS-,LET]1 #b#bND ( ,AUGU/ #a#g#b1 QUOT$ FROM ,JAMESON1 ,PRIVATE]+ & ,PIRACY 9 ! ,COLONIAL ,P]IOD1 #c#a#h4 .<#c#e#c.> ,JOHNSON1 #a#h#b4 .<#c#e#d.> ,R$IK]1 ,VILLA9S ( ,ALL ,NATIONS1 #g4 .<#c#e#e.> ,L9EBAU< & ,R$IK]1 #a#f#d4 .<#c#e#f.> ,ROB]T ,L4 ,BL$SOE & ,BOLESLAW ,A4 ,BOCZEK1 ,! ,9T]NATIONAL ,LAW ,DICTION>Y 7,SANTA ,B>B>A1 ,C,A3 ,A,B,C-,CLIO1 #a#i#h#g71 #b#c#a4 .<#c#e#g.> ,WILLIAMS1 ,CAPTA9S ,\TRAGE\S1 #a#f#b4 .<#c#e#h.> ,MUT9E]1 #a#f#i#i1 QUOT$ 9 ,L9EBAU< & ,R$IK]1 #a#f#e4 .<#c#e#i.> ,KON/AM1 ,BUCCANE]S1 #e#d4 .<#c#f.> ,TURLEY1 #c#e4 .<#c#f#a.> ,IBID41 #c#e4 .<#c#f#b.> ,SNELD]S1 #a#a4 .<#c#f#c.> ,H[>D ,PYLE1 ,H[>D ,PYLE'S ,BOOK ( ,PIRATES3 ,FICTION1 ,FACT & ,FANCY ,CONC]N+ ! ,BUCCANE]S & ,M>OON]S ( ! ,SPANI% ,MA93 ,FROM ! ,WRIT+ & ,PICTURES ( ,H[>D ,PYLE1 COMPIL$ BY ,M]LE ,JOHNSON 7,NEW ,YORK & ,LONDON3 ,H>P] @& ,BRO!RS ,PUBLI%]S1 #a#i#b#a71 XVI4 .<#c#f#d.> ,ALEX&] ,W9/ON1 ,NO ,PUR*ASE1 ,NO ,PAY3 ,MORGAN ,KIDD & ,WOODES ,ROG]S 9 ! ,GREAT ,AGE ( ,PRIVATE]S & ,PIRATES #a#f#f#e-#a#g#a#e 7,LONDON3 ,EYRE @& ,SPOTISWOODE1 #a#i#g71 #b#b4 .<#c#f#e.> ,SEE1 = EXAMPLE1 ,SNELD]S1 #a#c#h1 #a#d#a2 ,%]RY1 #a#c#g2 & ,JOHNSON1 #b#h#i4 .<#c#f#f.> ,M>X1 0,! ,GOLD5 ,AGE ( ,PIRACY10 #a#c4 .<#c#f#g.> ,TURLEY1 #c#e-#c#f4 .<#c#f#h.> ,GOSSE1 ,! ,PIRATES' ,:O'S ,:O1 #b#b4 .<#c#f#i.> ,SEE ,E>LE1 ,PIRATE ,W>S1 #i#b4 .<#c#g.> ,SEE ,BESSON1 #a#i4 .<#c#g#a.> ,SEE ,H>+1 #g#d-#g#e4 .<#c#g#b.> ,MASEFIELD1 ,ON ! ,SPANI% ,MA91 #a#a#i4 .<#c#g#c.> ,R+ROSE1 ,! ,DANG]\S ,VOYAGE & ,BOLD ,ASSAULTS ( ,CAPTA9 ,B>?OLOMEW ,%>P & ,O!RS4 .<#c#g#d.> ,GOSSE1 ,! ,PIRATES' ,:O'S ,:O1 #c#a#b4 .<#c#g#e.> ,JOHNSON1 #a#h#d1 #b#g#d1 #d#b#e4 .<#c#g#f.> ,IBID41 #a#h#d4 .<#c#g#g.> ,GOSSE1 ,! ,PIRATES' ,:O'S ,:O1 #b#f#a4 .<#c#g#h.> ,JOHNSON1 #a#i#i4 .<#c#g#i.> ,IBID41 #d#c#i4 .<#c#h.> ,IBID41 #e#e#e4 .<#c#h#a.> ,E>LE1 ,PIRATE ,W>S1 #a#a#e4 .<#c#h#b.> ,GOSSE1 ,! ,PIRATES' ,:O'S ,:O1 #b#b#i4 .<#c#h#c.> ,IBID41 #a#d#i4 .<#c#h#d.> ,CORD+LY1 ,LIFE ,AMONG ! ,PIRATES1 #b#g#b4 .<#c#h#e.> ,IBID41 #b#g#g4 .<#c#h#f.> ,JOHNSON1 #d#h#i4 .<#c#h#g.> ,IBID41 #c#b#d4 .<#c#h#h.> ,R$IK]1 ,VILLA9S ( ,ALL ,NATIONS1 #a#e#b4 .<#c#h#i.> ,JOHNSON1 #e#g-#e#h4 .<#c#i.> ,R$IK]1 ,VILLA9S ( ,ALL ,NATIONS1 #a#e#b4 .<#c#i#a.> ,IBID41 #a#e#c4 .<#c#i#b.> ,IBID41 #a#f#f4 .<#c#i#c.> ,SNELD]S1 #a#g#e4 .<#c#i#d.> ,R$IK]1 ,VILLA9S ( ,ALL ,NATIONS1 #a#e#a-#a#e#b4 .<#c#i#e.> ,JOHNSON1 #c#d#a4 .<#c#i#f.> ,BESSON1 #a#b4 .<#c#i#g.> ,PAUL ,GILROY1 ,! ,BLACK ,ATLANTIC3 ,MOD]NITY & ,D\BLE ,CONSCI\SNESS 7,LONDON @& ,NEW ,YORK3 ,V]SO1 #a#i#i#c71 #d1 #a#f-#a#g4 .<#c#i#h.> ,L9EBAU< & ,R$IK]1 #a#d#d4 .<#c#i#i.> ,IBID41 #a#d#d-#a#d#e4 .<#d.> ,SEE 0,PIRATE ,ORGANIZATION0 9 ,*APT] #d4 .<#d#a.> ,SEE = EXAMPLE ,EXQUEMEL91 #b#d#g1 & ,R+ROSE1 #d#c#h-#d#c#i1 #d#g#b4 .<#d#b.> ,EXQUEMEL91 #d#a4 .<#d#c.> ,H5RY ,GILB]T1 ,! ,BOOK ( ,PIRATES 7,LONDON3 ,GEORGE ,G4 ,H>RAP @& ,CO41 #a#i#a#f71 #b#b#e-#b#b#f4 .<#d#d.> ,M>LEY1 ,PIRATES1 #b#a4 .<#d#e.> ,BESSON1 #a#h#d4 .<#d#f.> ,SEE ,JOHNSON1 #e1 #e#c#e1 #e#d#d1 #e#e#f4 .<#d#g.> ,IBID41 #d#c#g4 .<#d#h.> ,RIT*IE1 #h#d4 .<#d#i.> ,BOT+1 #g#d4 ,= A DETAIL$ DESCRIPTION ( ! RELATION%IP BETWE5 ,BALDRIDGE & ,PHILIPSE SEE ,RIT*IE1 #a#a#c-#a#a#f4 .<#d#a.> ,JOHNSON1 #e#b#f4 .<#d#a#a.> ,E>LE1 ,PIRATE ,W>S1 #a#a#e4 .<#d#a#b.> ,SEE ,JOHNSON1 #a4 .<#d#a#c.> ,IBID41 #a#i#f-#a#i#g4 .<#d#a#d.> ,IBID41 #b#d4 .<#d#a#e.> ,L9EBAU< & ,R$IK]1 #a#g#a4 .<#d#a#f.> ,R$IK]1 ,VILLA9S ( ,ALL ,NATIONS1 #a#d#c4 .<#d#a#g.> ,L9EBAU< & ,R$IK]1 #a#g#b4 .<#d#a#h.> ,P]OT9-,DUMON1 0,FR5*1 ,5GLI% & ,DUT* 9 ! ,LESS] ,ANTILLES3 FROM PRIVATE]+ TO PLANT+1 C4 #a#e#e--C4 #a#f#e10 #a#b4 .<#d#a#i.> ,GOSSE1 ,! ,PIRATES' ,:O'S ,:O1 #e4 .<#d#b.> ,IBID41 #e#h4 .<#d#b#a.> ,IBID41 #g#f4 .<#d#b#b.> ,SEE ,EXQUEMEL91 #b#d#i-#b#e4 .<#d#b#c.> ,DAMPI]1 #a#a#b-#a#a#d4 .<#d#b#d.> ,MANUEL ,S*ONHORN1 ,COMM5T>Y & ,NOTES TO ,DANIEL ,DEFOE1 ,A ,G5]AL ,HI/ORY ( ! ,PYRATES1 $4 ,MANUEL ,S*ONHORN 7,LONDON3 ,J4 ,M4 ,D5T @& ,SONS1 #a#i#g#b71 #f#h#a4 .<#d#b#e.> ,LIONEL ,WAF]1 ,A ,NEW ,VOYAGE @& ,DESCRIPTION ( ! ,I/HMUS ( ,AM]ICA 7,LONDON3 ,JAMES ,KNAPTON1 #a#f#i#i2 ,OX=D3 ,! ,HAKLYT ,SOCIETY1 #a#i#c#d74 .<#d#b#f.> ,DAMPI]1 #f#b4 .<#d#b#g.> ,IBID41 #a#e#f4 .<#d#b#h.> ,EXQUEMEL91 #b#d4 .<#d#b#i.> ,IBID41 #a#a#c4 .<#d#c.> ,IBID41 #c#f4 .<#d#c#a.> ,SEE1 = EXAMPLE1 ! *APT] 0,MILIT>Y ,LEAD]%IP 9 ! ,AGE ( ! ,BUCCANE]S1 #a#f#f#g-#a#f#i#h0 9 ,IGNACIO ,GALLUP-,DIAZ1 ,! ,DOOR ( ! ,SEAS & ,KEY TO ! ,UNIV]SE3 ,9DIAN ,POLITICS & ,IMP]IAL ,RIVALRY 9 ! ,D>I5 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,COLUMBIA ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #b#a74 .<#d#c#b.> ,SEE ,R+ROSE1 #b#g#g-#b#g#h4 .<#d#c#c.> ,/\T1 #d3 #b#f#c4 .<#d#c#d.> ,KIR*H(F1 #b#b#g4 .<#d#c#e.> ,JOHNSON1 #h#h4 .<#d#c#f.> ,%]RY1 #c#c#e4 .<#d#c#g.> ,EXQUEMEL91 #b#e4 .<#d#c#h.> ,DAMPI]1 #c#i4 .<#d#c#i.> ,SEE ,E>LE1 #a#g#a1 = A SUMM>Y1 & ,DAMPI]1 #c#i-#d#b = MORE DETAIL4 .<#d#d.> ,E>LE1 ,PIRATE ,W>S1 #a#g#a4 .<#d#d#a.> ,L9EBAU< & ,R$IK]1 #a#f#e4 ,SEE ALSO ! ILLUM9ATIVE *>T LI/+ BLACK PIRATES 9 ,K5NE? ,K9KOR1 0,BLACK ,M5 UND] ! ,BLACK ,FLAG10 9 ,B&ITS AT ,SEA3 ,A ,PIRATES ,READ]1 $4 ,C4,R4 ,P5NELL 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,NEW ,YORK ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #b#a71 #b#a4 .<#d#d#b.> ,JOHNSON1 #e#e4 .<#d#d#c.> ,E>LE1 ,PIRATE ,W>S1 #a#i#h4 .<#d#d#d.> ,R$IK]1 0,HYDR>*Y & ,LIB]TALIA10 #c#d4 .<#d#d#e.> ,K9KOR1 #b4 .<#d#d#f.> ,CORD+LY1 ,LIFE ,AMONG ! ,PIRATES1 #b#g-#b#h4 .<#d#d#g.> ,HU< ,F4 ,RANK91 ,! ,GOLD5 ,AGE ( ,PIRACY 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,HOLT1 ,R9EHE>T & ,W9/ON1 #a#i#f#i71 #h#b4 ,! AU?OR'S EMPHASIS4 .<#d#d#h.> ,K9KOR1 #b#b4 .<#d#d#i.> ,IBID41 #b#a4 .<#d#e.> ,%]RY1 #b#a#b4 .<#d#e#a.> ,IBID41 #b#a#b4 .<#d#e#b.> ,L9EBAU< & ,R$IK]1 #a#f#g4 .<#d#e#c.> ,SEE ALSO ! CONCLUD+ *APT] ON 0,! ,GOLD5 ,AGE ,PIRATES' ,POLITICAL ,LEGACY40 .<#d#e#d.> ,FULL] & ,LESLIE-,MELVILLE1 #g#b4 .<#d#e#e.> ,IBID41 #f#h4 .<#d#e#f.> ,IBID41 #g#b4 .<#d#e#g.> ,KLAUSMANN1 ET4 AL1 #a#g4 .<#d#e#h.> ,JOHNSON1 #a#d#a4 .<#d#e#i.> ,HOBSBAWM1 ,B&ITS1 #f#h4 ,HOBSBAWM MAKES ?IS /ATEM5T 9 CONNECTION ) WOM5 :O LIV$ DISGUIS$ AS M5 AMONG ! HAIDUKS1 A B&IT COMMUNITY ( ! ,BALKANS2 SEE ALSO 0,PIRATES AS ,SOCIAL ,B&ITS40 .<#d#f.> ,R$IK]1 0,LIB]TY B5EA? ! ,JOLLY ,ROG]3 ,! ,LIVES ( ,ANNE ,BONNY & ,M>Y ,READ10 9 ,B&ITS AT ,SEA3 ,A ,PIRATES ,READ]1 $4 ,C4 ,R4 ,P5NELL 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,NEW ,YORK ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #b#a71 #c#h4 .<#d#f#a.> ,IBID4 .<#d#f#b.> ,IBID41 #c4 .<#d#f#c.> ,JOHN ,C4 ,APPLEBY1 0,WOM5 & ,PIRACY 9 ,IREL&3 ,FROM ,GRA9NE ,O',MALLEY TO ,ANNE ,BONNY10 9 ,B&ITS AT ,SEA3 ,A ,PIRATES ,READ]1 $4 ,C4 ,R4 ,P5NELL 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,NEW ,YORK ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #b#a71 #b#i#d-#b#i#e4 .<#d#f#d.> ,R$IK]1 ,VILLA9S ( ,ALL ,NATIONS1 #a#a#h4 .<#d#f#e.> ,APPLEBY1 #b#h#e4 .<#d#f#f.> ,KLAUSMANN1 ET AL42 ,F4,O4 ,/EELE1 ,WOM5 ,PIRATES3 ,A ,BRIEF ,AN?OLOGY ( ,TIRTE5 ,NOTORI\S ,FEMALE ,PIRATES 7,L9DOLN1 ,N,E3 I,UNIV]SE1 #b#g71 & ,JANE ,YOL51 ,SEA ,QUE5S3 ,WOM5 ,PIRATES >\ND ! ,WORLD 7,WAT]T[N1 ,M,A3 ,*>LESBRIDGE1 #b#h74 .<#d#f#g.> ,ACK]1 #b#f#g4 .<#d#f#h.> ,APPLEBY1 #b#h#e4 .<#d#f#i.> ,EXQUEMEL91 #b#d#i4 .<#d#g.> ,JOHNSON1 #i#f4 .<#d#g#a.> ,IBID41 #b#e#e-#b#e#f4 .<#d#g#b.> ,IBID41 #c#c4 .<#d#g#c.> ,IBID41 #e#d4 .<#d#g#d.> ,CORD+LY1 ,LIFE ,AMONG ! ,PIRATES1 #a#a#c4 .<#d#g#e.> ,KLAUSMANN ET AL41 #a#g4 .<#d#g#f.> ,CORD+LY1 ,LIFE ,AMONG ! ,PIRATES1 #b#h#a-#b#h#b4 .<#d#g#g.> ,ACK]1 #b#g#b4 .<#d#g#h.> ,EXQUEMEL91 #c#i-#d4 .<#d#g#i.> ,M>X1 0,! ,BRE?R5 ( ! ,COA/10 #c#i4 .<#d#h.> ,APE/EGUI1 #a#e#i4 .<#d#h#a.> ,KON/AM1 ,BUCCANE]S1 #a#e4 .<#d#h#b.> ,B4 ,R4 ,BURG1 ,SODOMY & ! ,PIRATE ,TRADITION3 ,5GLI% ,SEA ,ROV]S 9 ! ,SEV5TE5?-,C5TURY ,C>IBBEAN1 #bND $4 7,NEW ,YORK @& ,LONDON3 ,NEW ,YORK ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #a#i#i#e71 XL4 .<#d#h#c.> ,IBID41 XXXIX4 .<#d#h#d.> ,IBID41 #d#a4 .<#d#h#e.> ,CORD+LY1 ,LIFE ,AMONG ! ,PIRATES1 #a#b#c4 .<#d#h#f.> ,E>LE1 ,PIRATE ,W>S1 #e4 .<#d#h#g.> ,RIT*IE1 #b#g4 .<#d#h#h.> ,TURLEY1 #b4 .<#d#h#i.> ,KEMP & ,LLOYD1 #c4 .<#d#i.> ,*>LES ,LESLIE1 ,A ,NEW ,HI/ORY ( ,JAMAICA1 FOM ! ,E>LIE/ ,ACC\NTS1 TO ! ,TAK+ ( ,PORTO ,BELLA BY ,VICE-,ADMIRAL ,V]NON 7,LONDON3 ,J4 ,HODGES1 #a#g#d71 #a1 QUOT$ 9 ,TURLEY1 #b#i4 .<#d#i#a.> ,APE/EGUI1 #a#e#c4 .<#d#i#b.> ,JOHNSON1 #e4 .<#d#i#c.> ,IBID41 #h#h4 .<#d#i#d.> ,IBID41 #e#a#d4 .<#d#i#e.> ,IBID41 #e#d#e4 .<#d#i#f.> ,RIT*IE1 #a#b#c4 .<#d#i#g.> ,ANONYM\S1 0,PIRATE ,UTOPIAS3 ,UND] ! ,BANN] ( ,K+ ,DEA?40 .<#d#i#h.> ,SEE ,RIT*IE1 #a#b#d4 .<#d#i#i.> ,IBID4 .<#e.> ,ANONYM\S1 0,PIRATE ,UTOPIAS3 ,UND] ! ,BANN] ( ,K+ ,DEA?40 .<#e#a.> ,BURG1 XLV4 .<#e#b.> ,IBID41 #a#g#c4 .<#e#c.> ,MI*EL ,F\CAULT1 ,! ,WILL TO ,KN[L$GE3 ,! ,HI/ORY ( ,SEXUALITY1 TRANS4 ,ROB]T ,HURLEY 7,LONDON3 ,P5GU9 ,BOOKS1 #a#i#i71 #a3#d#c4 .<#e#d.> ,IBID41 #a3#a#e#g4 .<#e#e.> ,IBID41 #a3#a#b#f4 .<#e#f.> ,MI*EL ,F\CAULT1 ,DISCIPL9E & ,PUNI%3 ,! ,BIR? ( ! ,PRISON1 TRANS4 ,ALAN ,%]IDAN4 7,H>MONDSWOR?1 ,MIDDLESEX3 ,P5GU9 ,BOOKS1 #a#i#g#i71 #a#d#c4 ,F\CAULT DESCRIBES ?IS PROCESS 9 MORE DETAIL 9 *APT] TWO1 0,! ,GREAT ,CONF9EM5T10 ( ,MADNESS & ,CIVILIZATION3 ,A ,HI/ORY ( ,9SANITY 9 ! ,AGE ( ,REASON1 TRANS4 ,R4 ,H[>D 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,PAN!ON ,BOOKS1 #a#i#f#e71 #c#h-#f#d4 .<#e#g.> ,F\CAULT1 ,HI/ORY ( ,SEXUALITY1 #a3#a#c#i4 .<#e#h.> ,IBID4 .<#e#i.> ,F\CAULT1 ,SOCIETY ,MU/ BE ,DEF5D$3 ,LECTURES AT ! ,COLLEGE DE ,FRANCE1 #a#i#g#e-#g#f1 $4 ,MAURO ,B]TANI1 TRANS4 ,DAVID ,MACEY 7,LONDON3 ,P5GU9 ,BOOKS1 #b#d71 #b#d#b-#b#d#c4 .<#e#a.> ,R$IK]1 ,BETWE5 ! ,DEVIL & ! ,DEEP ,BLUE ,SEA1 #b#f4 .<#e#a#a.> ,IBID4 ,?IS IS ALSO CONFIRM$ 9 ,E>LE'S ,SAILORS4 ,E>LE SPEAKS ( AN 09CREASE 9 BO? /RICTNESS & ! SEV]ITY ( PUNI%M5T OV] TIME10 ON BO? NAVY & M]*ANT %IPS1 FROM #afg TO #a#g#d2 SEE 0,DISCIPL9E & ,PUNI%M5T10 9 ,SAILORS1 #a#d#e-#a#f#c4 .<#e#a#b.> ,R$IK]1 ,BETWE5 ! ,DEVIL & ! ,DEEP ,BLUE ,SEA1 #b#a#b4 .<#e#a#c.> ,IBID41 #b#b#d4 .<#e#a#d.> ,GIORGI ,AGAMB51 ,HOMO ,SAC]3 ,SOV]EIGN ,P[] & ,BA] ,LIFE1 TRANS4 ,DANIEL ,HELL]-,ROAZ5 7,/AN=D1 ,C,A3 ,/AN=D ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #a#i#i#h71 #a#b4 .<#e#a#e.> ,AGAMB51 #a#b#c4 .<#e#a#f.> ,CORD+LY1 ,LIFE ,AMONG ! ,PIRATES1 #a#a#c4 .<#e#a#g.> ,*RI/OPH] ,HILL1 ,LIB]TY ,AGA9/ ! ,LAW3 ,SOME ,SEV5TE5?-,C5TURY ,CONTROV]SIES 7,LONDON3 ,P5GU9 ,PRESS1 #a#i#i#f71 #a#a#h4 .<#e#a#h.> ,RI*>D ,S5NET1 ,FLE% & ,/ONE3 ,! ,BODY & ! ,CITY 9 ,WE/]N ,CIVILIZATION 7,LONDON @& ,BO/ON3 ,FABOR & ,FAB]1 #a#i#i#d71 #a#e4 .<#e#a#i.> ,?IS1 ( C\RSE1 IS ONLY TRUE = C]TA9 PHYSICAL DISABILITIES1 MO/ NOTABLY AMPUTATIONS4 ,I AM NOT ABLE TO EXPLORE ! EXTREMELY COMPLEX NATURE ( DISABILITY 9 ITS DIFF]5T DIM5SIONS & DISCURSIVE SIGNIFICANCES H]E1 BUT HAVE TO EMPLOY /RATEGIC G5]ALIZATIONS4 ,= DETAIL$ DISCUSSIONS SEE VOLUMES LIKE ,L5N>D ,J4 ,DAVIS1 $41 ,! ,DISABILITIES ,/UDIES ,READ]1 #bND $4 7,LONDON3 ,R\TL$GE1 #b#f71 OR ,DIANNE ,PO?I]1 & ,RI*>D ,DEVL91 $S41 ,CRITICAL ,DISABILITY ,TEORY3 ,ESSAYS 9 ,PHILOSOPHY1 ,POLITICS1 ,POLICY1 & ,LAW 7,VANC\V]3 ,U,B,C ,PRESS1 #b#f74 .<#e#b.> ,JOHNSON1 #i#b4 .<#e#b#a.> ,TRIAL REPORT ( ,WILLIAM ,PHILLIPS & O!RS1 QUOT$ 9 ,JAMESON1 #c#c#d4 .<#e#b#b.> ,E>LE1 ,PIRATE ,W>S1 #b4 .<#e#b#c.> ,IBID41 #b#a4 .<#e#b#d.> ,TEW'S CREW2 ,JOHNSON1 #d4 .<#e#b#e.> ,DAVID ,G]B]1 $41 ,DISABL$ ,VET]ANS 9 ,HI/ORY 7,ANN ,>BOR1 ,M,I3 ,UNIV]SITY ( ,MI*IGAN ,PRESS1 #b71 #c4 .<#e#b#f.> ,IBID41 #a#b4 .<#e#b#g.> ,JOHNSON1 #b#g#d4 .<#e#b#h.> ,KON/AM1 ,HI/ORY ( ,PIRATES1 #a#h#g4 .<#e#b#i.> ,R$IK]1 ,VILLA9S ( ,ALL ,NATIONS1 #g#c4 .<#e#c.> ,ROB]T ,MC,RU]1 ,CRIP ,TEORY3 ,CULTURAL ,SIGNS ( ,QUE]NESS & ,DISABILITY 7,NEW ,YORK @& ,LONDON3 ,NEW ,YORK ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #b#f71 #b4 .<#e#c#a.> ,IBID41 XI4 .<#e#c#b.> ,CA!R9E ,J4 ,KUDLICK1 0,DISABILITY ,HI/ORY3 ,:Y ,WE ,NE$ ,ANO!R ',O!R1'0 ,AM]ICAN ,HI/ORICAL ,REVIEW #ah NO4 #c 7#b#c73 #g#f#f4 .<#e#c#c.> ,ROSEM>IE ,G>L& ,TOMSON1 ,EXTRAORD9>Y ,BODIES3 ,FIGUR+ ,PHYSICAL ,DISABILITY 9 ,AM]ICAN ,CULTURE & ,LIT]ATURE 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,COLUMBIA ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #a#i#i#g71 #d#e4 .<#e#c#d.> ,IBID41 #d#d4 .<#e#c#e.> ,IBID41 #d#f4 .<#e#c#f.> ,KNI ,CORD+LY1 ,LIFE ,AMONG ! ,PIRATES1 #a#a#g4 .<#e#c#h.> ,PET] ,E>LE1 ,! ,SACK ( ,PANAMA 7,LONDON3 ,JILL ,NORMAN @& ,HOBH\SE1 #a#i#h#a71 #f#f4 .<#e#c#i.> ,FULL] & ,LESLIE-,MELVILLE1 #g#c4 .<#e#d.> ,WILLIAMS1 ,CAPTA9S ,\TRAGE\S1 #a#e4 .<#e#d#a.> E4G4 ,L>RY ,LAW1 ,A ,TRUE ,HI/ORIE @& ,ACC\NT ( ! ,PYRATE ,CAPTA9 ,MISSON1 ,HIS ,CREW @& ,!IR ,COLONY ( ,LIB]TATIA ,F\ND$ ON ,PEOPLES ,RI 7,LONDON3 ,SPECTACUL> ,TIMES1 #a#i#h71 #e4 .<#e#d#b.> ,M>X1 0,! ,BRE?R5 ( ! ,COA/10 #d#a4 .<#e#d#c.> ,EXQUEMEL91 #e#i-#f4 .<#e#d#d.> ,SNELD]S1 #h#c4 .<#e#d#e.> ,IBID41 #h4 .<#e#d#f.> ,JOHNSON1 #c#g4 .<#e#d#g.> ,IBID41 #a#h#b4 .<#e#d#h.> ,IBID41 #a#h#d4 .<#e#d#i.> ,IBID41 #b#g#d-#b#g#e4 .<#e#e.> ,IBID41 #c#g-#c#h4 .<#e#e#a.> ,IBID41 #a#h#b-#a#h#d4 .<#e#e#b.> ,RIT*IE1 #b#e-#b#f4 .<#e#e#c.> ,JOHNSON1 #d4 .<#e#e#d.> ,QUOT$ 9 ,JAMESON1 #c#d#b4 .<#e#e#e.> ,JOEL ,BA]1 ,PIRATES 7,GL\CE/]%IRE3 ,/R\D1 #b#g71 #b#h4 .<#e#e#f.> ,R$IK]1 ,VILLA9S ( ,ALL ,NATIONS1 #f#i4 .<#e#e#g.> ,IBID41 #a#f#d-#a#f#e4 .<#e#e#h.> ,%]RY1 #i#d4 .<#e#e#i.> ,SNELD]S1 #a#i#h4 .<#e#f.> ,E>LE1 ,PIRATE ,W>S1 #a#g#i4 .<#e#f#a.> ,R$IK]1 ,VILLA9S ( ,ALL ,NATIONS1 #i#d4 .<#e#f#b.> ,%]RY1 #b4 .<#e#f#c.> ,GRAY1 #a#i4 .<#e#f#d.> ,SNELD]S1 #a#g#b4 .<#e#f#e.> ,SEE ,R$IK]1 ,VILLA9S ( ,ALL ,NATIONS1 #b#i-#c4 ,= ! E/IMATE ON ! NUMB] ( %IPS SEE ,E>LE1 ,PIRATE ,W>S1 #a#f#b4 .<#e#f#f.> ,R$IK]1 ,VILLA9S ( ,ALL ,NATIONS1 #h4 .<#e#f#g.> ,IBID41 #h#a4 .<#e#f#h.> ,JOHNSON1 #d#i4 .<#e#f#i.> ,%]RY1 #i#d-#i#e4 .<#e#g.> ,E>LE1 ,PIRATE ,W>S1 #a#g#h4 .<#e#g#a.> ,JOHNSON1 #d#c#i4 .<#e#g#b.> ,FULL] & ,LESLIE-,MELVILLE1 #g#f-#g#g4 .<#e#g#c.> ,EXQUEMEL91 #g#b4 .<#e#g#d.> ,R+ROSE1 #e#b4 .<#e#g#e.> ,R$IK]1 ,VILLA9S ( ,ALL ,NATIONS1 #h#b4 .<#e#g#f.> ,IBID41 #h#a4 .<#e#g#g.> ,IBID41 #a#e#e4 .<#e#g#h.> ,R$IK]1 ,BETWE5 ! ,DEVIL & ! ,DEEP ,BLUE ,SEA1 #b#h#g4 .<#e#g#i.> ,IBID41 #b#d#c4 .<#e#h.> ,RIT*IE1 #a#b#d4 .<#e#h#a.> ,R$IK]1 ,BETWE5 ! ,DEVIL & ! ,DEEP ,BLUE ,SEA1 #b#f#a4 .<#e#h#b.> ,IBID41 #b#d#h4 .<#e#h#c.> ,PET] ,LAMBORN ,WILSON1 PREFACE TO ,/EPH5 ,SNELD]S1 ,! ,DEVIL'S ,AN>*Y3 ,! ,SEA ,ROBB]IES ( ! ,MO/ ,FAM\S ,PRIATE ,CLAES ,G4 ,COMPTON @& ,! ,V]Y ,REM>KABLE ,TRAVELS ( ,JAN ,]ASMUS ,REYN+1 ,BUCCANE] 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,AUTONOM$IA1 #b#e71 IX4 .<#e#h#d.> ,SNELD]S1 #a#d#f4 .<#e#h#e.> ,%]RY1 #b#i#g4 .<#e#h#f.> ,L&1 #a#h4 .<#e#h#g.> ,! /RONG /RATIFICATION & HI]>*Y ( !SE GR\PS CON/ITUTES ( C\RSE A CONSID]ABLE DIFF]5CE TO ! BUCCANE] & PIRATE COMMUNITIES4 ,MANY ( ! PROBLEMS ASSOCIAT$ ) ! VALUE ( 0BRO!RHOOD10 ?\<1 SEEM TO REMA9 ! SAME4 .<#e#h#h.> ,R$IK]1 ,VILLA9S ( ,ALL ,NATIONS1 #h#d4 .<#e#h#i.> ,CORD+LY & ,FALCON]1 #i#i4 .<#e#i.> ,R$IK]1 0,LIB]TY B5EA? ! ,JOLLY ,ROG]10 #c#f4 .<#e#i#a.> ,IBID41 #c#g4 .<#e#i#b.> ,%]RY1 #c#c4 .<#e#i#c.> ,SNELD]S1 #a#i4 .<#e#i#d.> ,R$IK]1 ,VILLA9S ( ,ALL ,NATIONS1 #a#a4 .<#e#i#e.> ,TRE951 #c#c-#c#d4 .<#e#i#f.> ,IBID41 #c#d4 .<#e#i#g.> ,JOHNSON1 #e#d#d4 .<#e#i#h.> ,ANONYM\S1 0,PIRATE ,UTOPIAS3 ,UND] ! ,BANN] ( ,K+ ,DEA?40 .<#e#i#i.> ,M>LEY1 ,PIRATES1 #i#h4 .<#f.> ,IBID4 .<#f#a.> ,KON/AM1 ,HI/ORY ( ,PIRATES1 #i#h4 .<#f#b.> ,SEE1 = EXAMPLE1 ,R$IK]1 ,VILLA9S ( ,ALL ,NATIONS1 #a#f#e-#f#h4 .<#f#c.> ,A USEFUL OV]VIEW CAN BE F\ND 9 ,CORD+LY & ,FALCON]1 #g#h-#g#i4 .<#f#d.> ,R$IK]1 ,VILLA9S ( ,ALL ,NATIONS1 #a#f#e4 .<#f#e.> ,CORD+LY & ,FALCON]1 #g#h-#g#i2 ,CORD+LY1 ,LIFE ,AMONG ! ,PIRATES1 #a#c#iFF2 ,R$IK]1 ,VILLA9S ( ALL ,NATIONS1 #a#f#d-#a#f#i4 .<#f#f.> ,R$IK]1 ,VILLA9S ( ,ALL ,NATIONS1 #a#f#d4 ,R$IK]'S SPECIFICATION ( ! PIRATE \TLAWS AS 0PROLET>IAN0 HAS BE5 OMIT$ H]E AS ,I WANT TO SAVE ! DISCUSSION ON PIRACY & CLASS1 9CLUD+ ,R$IK]'S P>TIALITY T[>DS P]CEIV+ ! GOLD5 AGE PIRATES AS PROLET>IANS1 = 0,REVOLUTION>Y1 ,RADICAL1 & ,PROLET>IAN ,PIRATES80 .<#f#g.> ,R$IK]1 ,VILLA9S ( ,ALL ,NATIONS1 #i#h4 ,SEE ALSO ! PREVI\S *APT]4 .<#f#h.> ,L&1 #a#g#i4 ,?IS ANALYSIS /&S 9 />K CONTRA/ TO ?AT ( ,FRANK ,%]RY3 0,IF ! ,JOLLY ,ROG] WAS ! SYMBOL ( A LOOSE PIRATE CONF$]ACY1 IT WAS ALSO AN 9DICATION ( ! IMPULSE T[>D UNITY & AU!NTIC /ATEHOOD AMONG ! PIRATES ( ,MADAGASC>4 ,/ILL ANO!R 9DICATION ( ?IS IMPULSE WAS !IR PROP5SITY TO =M AN ATA*M5T = ! L& ITSELF & TO SETLE !RE AS P]MAN5T RESID5TS0 7#i#h74 ,?IS IS PROBABLY ! PRIME EXAMPLE ( ,%]RY OV]RAT+ ! PIRATE COMMUNITY 9 ,MADAGASC>1 MISJUDG+ ITS 9T5TIONS1 & PROJECT+ POLITICAL AMBITIONS 9TO ! GOLD5 AGE ?AT W]E NOT !RE4 .<#f#i.> ,SNELD]S1 #i#d4 .<#f#a.> ,GILL1 #h#g4 .<#f#a#a.> ,DAVID ,/>KEY1 0,PIRATES & ,M>KETS10 9 ,B&ITS AT ,SEA1 $4 ,C4,R4,P5NELL 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,NEW ,YORK ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #b#a71 #a#a#a4 .<#f#a#b.> ,TURLEY1 #c#i4 .<#f#a#c.> ,BOT+1 #d#g4 .<#f#a#d.> ,WILSON1 ,PIRATE ,UTOPIAS1 #c4 .<#f#a#e.> ,%]RY1 #a#c4 .<#f#a#f.> ,R$IK]1 ,VILLA9S ( ,ALL ,NATIONS1 #a#b#b4 .<#f#a#g.> ,ANONYM\S1 0,PIRATE ,UTOPIAS3 ,UND] ! ,BANN] ( ,K+ ,DEA?40 .<#f#a#h.> ,KLAUSMANN ET AL41 ,WOM5 ,PIRATES1 #a#f#i4 .<#f#a#i.> ,LEESON4 .<#f#b.> ,L&1 #a#h-#a#h#a4 .<#f#b#a.> ,F\CAULT1 ',SOCIETY ,MU/ ,BE ,DEF5D$1' #b#c4 .<#f#b#b.> ,IBID41 #e-#e#a4 .<#f#b#c.> ,IBID41 #e#a4 .<#f#b#d.> ,IBID41 #e#i-#f4 .<#f#b#e.> ,L9EBAU< & ,R$IK]1 #a#g#c4 .<#f#b#f.> ,PREFACE TO ,*>LES ,ELLMS1 $41 ,! ,PIRATES ,[N ,BOOK1 OR ,AU!NTIC ,N>RATIVES ( ! ,LIVES1 ,EXPLOITS1 & ,EXECUTIONS ( ! ,MO/ ,CELEBRAT$ ,SEA ,ROBB]S 7,SALEM1 ,M,A3 ,M>9E ,RESE>* ,SOCIETY1 #a#i#b#d71 III4 .<#f#b#g.> ,GOSSE1 ,! ,HI/ORY ( ,PIRACY1 #a#c#i4 .<#f#b#h.> ,JOHNSON1 #b#h#e4 .<#f#b#i.> ,%]RY1 #b#i#g4 .<#f#c.> ,R$IK]1 ,VILLA9S ( ,ALL ,NATIONS1 #a#i#h4 .<#f#c#a.> ,DELEUZE & ,GUAT>I1 ,NOMADOLOGY1 #f#g4 .<#f#c#b.> ,IBID41 #a4 .<#f#c#c.> ,IBID41 #a#b4 .<#f#c#d.> ,IBID41 #a#a#c4 .<#f#c#e.> ,IBID4 .<#f#c#f.> ,IBID41 #a#b4 .<#f#c#g.> ,IBID41 #f4 .<#f#c#h.> ,SEE 0,PIRATES & ,VIOL5CE0 9 ?IS *APT]4 .<#f#c#i.> ,SNELD]S1 #a#h4 .<#f#d.> ,KON/AM1 ,HI/ORY ( ,PIRATES1 #a#a#g4 .<#f#d#a.> ,R$IK]1 ,VILLA9S ( ,ALL ,NATIONS1 #g#i4 .<#f#d#b.> ,DELEUZE & ,GUAT>I1 ,NOMADOLOGY1 #a#a4 .<#f#d#c.> ,W9/ON1 #b#c#a4 .<#f#d#d.> ,TOMSON1 #e#d4 .<#f#d#e.> ,JOHNSON1 #c#g-#c#h4 .<#f#d#f.> ,E>LE1 ,PIRATE ,W>S1 #a#e#i2 ,R$IK]1 ,VILLA9S ( ,ALL ,NATIONS1 #a#i4 .<#f#d#g.> ,GOSSE1 ,! ,HI/ORY ( ,PIRACY1 #a#g#g4 .<#f#d#h.> ,SNELD]S1 #a#f#g4 .<#f#d#i.> ,MAO ,TSE-,TUNG1 0,ON ,GU]RILLA ,W>F>E10 TRANS4 ,SAMUAL ,B4 ,GRIFFI?1 9 ,GU]RILLA ,W>F>E1 $4 ,MAO ,TSE-,TUNG & ,*E ,GUEV>A 7,LONDON3 ,CASSELL @& ,COMPANY1 #a#i#f#b71 #c#a4 .<#f#e.> ,C>LOS ,M>IF>E 9 ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA1 TRANS4 & $S4 ,JAMES ,KOHL & ,JOHN ,LIT 7,CAMBRIDGE1 ,M,A @& ,LONDON3 ,M,I,T ,PRESS1 #a#i#g#d71 #h#f4 .<#f#e#a.> ,TSE-,TUNG1 ,ON ,GU]RILLA ,W>F>E1 #c#c4 .<#f#e#b.> ,*E ,GUEV>A1 0,:AT ,IS A ,GU]RILLA80 9 ,GU]RILLA ,W>F>E @& ,M>XISM1 $4 ,WILLIAM ,J4 ,POM]OY1 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,9T]NATIONAL ,PUBLI%]S1 #a#i#g71 #b#h#h-#b#h#i4 .<#f#e#c.> ,*E ,GUEV>A1 0,GU]RILLA ,W>F>E10 9 ,GU]RILLA ,W>F>E1 $4 ,MAO ,TSE- ,TUNG & ,*E ,GUEV>A 7,LONDON3 ,CASSELL @& ,COMPANY1 #a#i#f#b71 #a#a#c4 .<#f#e#d.> ,TSE-,TUNG1 0,ON ,GU]RILLA ,W>F>E10 #e#e4 .<#f#e#e.> ,GUEV>A1 0,GU]RILLA ,W>F>E10 #a#c#a4 .<#f#e#f.> ,M>IF>E 9 ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA1 $S4 ,JAMES ,KOHL & ,JOHN ,LIT 7,CAMBRIDGE1 ,M,A @& ,LONDON3 ,M,I,T ,PRESS1 #a#i#g#d71 #a#a-#a#b4 .<#f#e#g.> ,M>ID TO DO ON #a#g?-C5TURY ,HISPANIOLA4 .<#f#e#h.> ,M>I ,M>LEY1 ,PIRATES1 #f#b4 .<#f#f.> ,SNELD]S1 #a#c4 .<#f#f#a.> ,M>I ,TSE-,TUNG1 0,ON ,GU]RILLA ,W>F>E10 #e#i-#f4 .<#f#f#c.> ,SNELD]S1 #f#g4 .<#f#f#d.> ,TSE-,TUNG1 0,ON ,GU]RILLA ,W>F>E10 #f4 .<#f#f#e.> ,GUEV>A1 0,GU]RILLA ,W>F>E10 #a#a#e4 .<#f#f#f.> ,KEMP & ,LLOYD1 #e4 .<#f#f#g.> ,M>I ,GOSSE1 ,PIRATES' ,:O'S ,:O1 #e#b4 .<#f#f#i.> ,JAMES ,CONNOLLY1 0,/REET ,FIF>E @& ,M>XISM1 $4 ,WILLIAM ,J4 ,POM]OY 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,9T]NATIONAL ,PUBLI%]S1 #a#i#g71 #a#c#f4 .<#f#g.> ,GALV91 #a#f#d4 .<#f#g#a.> ,REGIS ,DEBRAY1 0,REVOLUTION 9 ! ,REVOLUTION80 9 ,GU]RILLA ,W>F>E @& ,M>XISM1 $4 ,WILLIAM ,J4 ,POM]OY 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,9T]NATIONAL ,PUBLI%]S1 #a#i#g71 #b#i#i4 .<#f#g#b.> ,TSE-,TUNG1 0,ON ,GU]RILLA ,W>F>E10 #g-#g#a4 .<#f#g#c.> ,CORD+LY & ,FALCON]1 #a#a#d4 .<#f#g#d.> ,BOT+1 #e#e4 .<#f#g#e.> ,M>I ,TSE-,TUNG1 0,ON ,GU]RILLA ,W>F>E10 #g4 .<#f#g#g.> ,GUEV>A1 0,GU]RILLA ,W>F>E10 #a#a#h4 .<#f#g#h.> ,IBID41 #a#a#d4 .<#f#g#i.> ,KON/AM1 ,BUCCANE]S1 #a4 .<#f#h.> ,BOT+1 #e#e4 .<#f#h#a.> ,CORD+LY & ,FALCON]1 #g4 .<#f#h#b.> ,M>I ,TSE-,TUNG1 0,ON ,GU]RILLA ,W>F>E10 #g#d4 .<#f#h#d.> ,DEBRAY1 #c4 .<#f#h#e.> ,CORD+LY1 ,LIFE ,AMONG ! ,PIRATES1 #b#d#b4 .<#f#h#f.> ,GALV91 #f#h4 .<#f#h#g.> ,M>I ,IBID41 #a#c4 .<#f#h#i.> ,GUEV>A1 0,GU]RILLA ,W>F>E10 #a#a#c4 .<#f#i.> ,GUEV>A1 0,:AT ,IS A ,GU]RILLA80 #b#i4 .<#f#i#a.> ,E>LE1 ,PIRATE ,W>S1 #a#h#d4 .<#f#i#b.> ,IBID4 .<#f#i#c.> ,M>I ,M>I ,TSE-,TUNG1 0,ON ,GU]RILLA ,W>F>E10 #c#i4 .<#f#i#f.> ,GUEV>A1 0,GU]RILLA ,W>F>E10 #a#a#g4 .<#f#i#g.> ,GUEV>A1 0,:AT ,IS A ,GU]RILLA80 #b#i4 .<#f#i#h.> ,SNELD]S1 #a#i#h4 .<#f#i#i.> ,RIT*IE1 #a#i4 .<#g.> ,CORD+LY1 ,LIFE ,AMONG ! ,PIRATES1 #a#a4 .<#g#a.> ,M>IF>E 9 ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA1 TRANS4 & $S4 ,JAMES ,KOHL & ,JOHN ,LIT 7,CAMBRIDGE1 ,M,A @& ,LONDON3 ,M,I,T ,PRESS1 #a#i#g#d71 #g#h4 .<#g#b.> ,M>I ,TSE-,TUNG1 0,ON ,GU]RILLA ,W>F>E10 #f#e4 .<#g#d.> ,IBID41 #f#f4 .<#g#e.> ,IBID41 #f#f4 .<#g#f.> ,GUEV>A1 0,GU]RILLA ,W>F>E10#a#c-#a#c#a4 .<#g#g.> ,CORD+LY1 ,LIFE ,AMONG ! ,PIRATES1 #a#a#g4 .<#g#h.> ,R$IK]1 ,VILLA9S ( ,ALL ,NATIONS1 #f#i4 .<#g#i.> ,IBID41 #h#a4 .<#g#a.> ,%]RY1 #a#b#h4 .<#g#a#a.> ,SNELD]S1 #a#h#g4 .<#g#a#b.> ,RIT*IE1 #b#e-#b#f4 .<#g#a#c.> ,M>I ,IBID41 #g#i4 .<#g#a#e.> ,M>I ,TSE-,TUNG1 0,ON ,GU]RILLA ,W>F>E10 #g4 .<#g#a#g.> ,IBID41 #g#e4 .<#g#a#h.> ,GUEV>A1 0,GU]RILLA ,W>F>E10 #a#a#h4 .<#g#a#i.> ,IBID41 #a#b#i4 .<#g#b.> ,IBID41 #a#c#b4 .<#g#b#a.> ,V4 ,I4 ,L591 0,GU]RILLA ,W>F>E10 9 ,GU]RILLA ,W>F>E @& ,M>XISM1 $4 ,WILLIAM ,J4 ,POM]OY 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,9T]NATIONAL ,PUBLI%]S1 #a#i#g71 #h#g4 .<#g#b#b.> ,ANONYM\S1 0,PIRATE ,UTOPIAS3 ,UND] ! ,BANN] ( ,K+ ,DEA?40 .<#g#b#c.> ,R$IK]1 ,VILLA9S ( ,ALL ,NATIONS1 #a#a4 .<#g#b#d.> ,L9EBAU< & ,R$IK]1 #a#g#b-#a#g#c4 .<#g#b#e.> ,R$IK]1 ,VILLA9S ( ,ALL ,NATIONS1 #a#a4 .<#g#b#f.> ,TURLEY1 #c4 .<#g#b#g.> ,JAMESON1 #c#d4 .<#g#b#h.> ,JOHNSON1 #b#e#b4 .<#g#b#i.> ,IBID41 #d#c#e4 .<#g#c.> ,IBID41 #a#c#e-#a#c#f4 .<#g#c#a.> ,SEE 0,PIRATE ,E?ICS0 9 ?IS *APT]4 .<#g#c#b.> ,BO/ON ,NEWS-,LET]1 #b#bND ( ,AUGU/ #a#g#b1 QUOT$ FROM ,JAMESON1 ,PIRACY & ,PRIVATE]+ 9 ! ,COLONIAL ,P]IOD1 #c#a#e4 .<#g#c#c.> ,HILL1 0,RADICAL ,PIRATES80 #a#h4 .<#g#c#d.> ,IBID41 #a#g#d4 .<#g#c#e.> ,IBID41 #a#g#c-#a#g#d4 .<#g#c#f.> ,*RI/OPH] ,HILL1 ,! ,WORLD ,TURN$ ,UPSIDE ,D[N3 ,RADICAL ,IDEAS ,DUR+ ! ,5GLI% ,REVOLUTION 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,! ,VIK+ ,PRESS1 #a#i#g#c71 #c#c#i4 .<#g#c#g.> ,J4 ,C4 ,DAVIS1 ,FE>1 ,MY? & ,HI/ORY3 ,! ,RANT]S & ! ,HI/ORIANS 7,CAMBRIDGE3 ,CAMBRIDGE ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #a#i#h#f71 #g#e4 .<#g#c#h.> ,HILL1 0,RADICAL ,PIRATES80 #a#g#h4 .<#g#c#i.> ,SEE1 = EXAMPLE1 ,! ,ONL9E ,ETYMOLOGY ,DICTION>Y 7HTP3_/_/WWW4ETYMONL9E4COM_/474 .<#g#d.> ,= EXAMPLE1 ,JOHN ,PRO1 9 ,CORD+LY1 ,LIFE ,AMONG ! ,PIRATES1 #b#e-#b#f4 .<#g#d#a.> ,GOSSE1 ,! ,HI/ORY ( ,PIRACY1 #b#c#h-#b#d#c4 .<#g#d#b.> ,WILLIAM ,C4 ,BRAI?WAITE1 ,! ,BEG9N+S ( ,QUAK]ISM 7,LONDON3 ,MACMILLAN @& ,CO41 #a#i#a#b71 #d#b4 .<#g#d#c.> ,JOHNSON1 #a#g#i-#a#h4 .<#g#d#d.> ,IAN ,G5TLES1 ,! ,NEW ,MODEL ,>MY 9 ,5GL&1 ,IREL& & ,SCOTL& #a#f#d#e-#a#f#e#c 7,OX=D1 ,U,K @& ,CAMBRIDGE1 ,M,A3 ,BLACKWELL1 #a#i#i#b71 #a#a#h4 .<#g#d#e.> ,OLIV] ,CROMWELL1 0,SPEE* AT ! ,OP5+ ( ,P>LIAM5T #a#f#e#f10 9 ,! ,BLACK ,LEG5D3 ,ANTI-,SPANI% ,ATITUDES 9 ! ,OLD ,WORLD & ! ,NEW1 $4 ,*>LES ,GIBSON 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,ALFR$ ,A4 ,KNOPF1 #a#i#g#a71 #e#d-#f#b4 .<#g#d#f.> ,CF4 ,ROGOZ9SKI1 ,A ,BRIEF ,HI/ORY1 #h#h4 .<#g#d#g.> ,J4 ,S4 ,BROMLEY'S ESSAY 0,\TLAWS AT ,SEA1 #a#f#f-#a#g#b3 ,LIB]TY1 ,EQUALITY & ,FRAT]NITY AMONG ! ,C>IBBEAN ,FREEBOOT]S0 9 ,HI/ORY FOM ,BEL[3 ,/UDIES 9 ,POPUL> ,PROTE/ & ,POPUL> ,IDEOLOGY 9 ,HONOR ( ,GEORGE ,RUDE1 $4 ,FR$]ICK ,KRANTZ 7,MONTREAL3 ,CONCORDIA ,UNIV]SITY1 #a#i#h#e7 9CLUDES >GUM5TS SIMIL> TO ,HILL'S1 ONLY ) RESPECT TO ! ,FR5* BUCCANE]S4 ,BROMLEY >GUES ?AT ! ,FR5* 5GAGES--BASICALLY 9D5TUR$ LABOR]S--9CLUD$ MANY DEPORT$ ,FR5* RADICALS4 ,S9CE A FAIR NUMB] ( 5GAGES 5D$ JO9+ ! BUCCANE]S1 A CORRESPOND+ 9FLU5CE W\LD SEEM LIKELY4 ,AS 9 ,HILL'S CASE1 H[EV]1 EMPIRICAL EVID5CE IS SC>CE & A LOT SEEMS LEF TO SPECULATION4 .<#g#d#h.> ,AT ?IS PO9T1 SOME TR\BL+ IMPLICATIONS ( ,HILL'S UND]/&+ ( ! PIRATES' FRE$OM \D1 & WIFE-%>+ WAS REPORT$4 ,ONE CREW TRAD$ A VESSEL TO A SLAV] 9 EX*ANGE = SIXTY ,AFRICAN WOM54 ,! %IP WAS R5AM$ ,! ,BA*ELOR'S ,DELIL5E ,BRANT PO9TS \T ?AT A FAVORITE METAPHOR = H>LOT WAS %IP0 7,LIB]TY ,AGA9/ ! ,LAW1 #a#b74 ,HILL TAKES A LOT ( LIB]TY H]E AS F> AS ! ORIG9S ( ,! ,BA*ELOR'S ,DELIE CONC]N$4 .<#g#d#i.> ,HILL1 ,LIB]TY ,AGA9/ ! ,LAW1 #a#a#h4 .<#g#e.> ,HILL1 0,RADICAL ,PIRATES80 #a#g#d4 .<#g#e#a.> ,IBID41 #a#g#c4 .<#g#e#b.> ,%]RY1 #c#b#g4 .<#g#e#c.> ,JOHNSON1 #e#i#a4 .<#g#e#d.> ,GOSSE1 ,! ,PIRATES' ,:O'S ,:O1 #b#b#h4 .<#g#e#e.> ,ANGUS ,KON/AM1 ,PIRATES3 ,PR$ATORS ( ! ,SEA 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,SKYHORSE ,PUBLI%+1 #b#g71 #a#e#b-#a#e#c4 .<#g#e#f.> ,M>LEY1 ,PIRATES1 #a#c#c4 .<#g#e#g.> ,E>LE1 ,PIRATE ,W>S1 #a#b#c4 .<#g#e#h.> ,IBID41 #a#g4 .<#g#e#i.> ,SEE ALSO ,COL9 ,WOOD>D1 ,! ,REPUBLIC ( ,PIRATES 7,ORL&O1 ,F,L3 ,H>C\RT1 #b#g71 #c-#d4 .<#g#f.> ,R$IK]1 ,VILLA9S ( ,ALL ,NATIONS1 #h4 .<#g#f#a.> ,R$IK]1 0,HYDR>*Y & ,LIB]TALIA10 #b#i4 .<#g#f#b.> ,R$IK]1 ,VILLA9S ( ,ALL ,NATIONS1 #a#g#f4 .<#g#f#c.> ,L9EBAU< & ,R$IK]1 #a#f#c4 .<#g#f#d.> ,ANONYM\S1 0,PIRATE ,UTOPIAS3 ,UND] ! ,BANN] ( ,K+ ,DEA?40 .<#g#f#e.> ,]IK ,OL9 ,WRI ,SEE ALSO ,TURLEY3 0,! PIRATES1 \TSIDE ! CONV5TIONS ( ,5GLI% SOCIETY1 DO NOT BELONG TO ANY CLASS0 7#h#e74 .<#g#f#g.> ,TOMSON1 #d#h4 .<#g#f#h.> ,ANONYM\S1 0,PIRATE ,UTOPIAS3 ,UND] ! ,BANN] ( ,K+ ,DEA?40 .<#g#f#i.> ,TURLEY1 #a#g#b4 .<#g#g.> ,CLA/RES1 #b#a#h4 .<#g#g#a.> ,WILSON1 ,PIRATE ,UTOPIAS1 #b#b4 .<#g#g#b.> ,K9KOR1 #a#i#e1 #b#d2 ,HILL1 0,RADICAL ,PIRATES80 #a#g#i-#a#h2 ,HAUDE1 #e#i#e2 ,WILSON1 PREFACE TO ,SNELD]S1 ,! ,DEVIL'S ,AN>*Y1 IX2 ,BROMLEY1 #c#a#d4 .<#g#g#c.> ,K9KOR1 #b#d4 .<#g#g#d.> ,R$IK]1 ,BETWE5 ! ,DEVIL & ! ,DEEP ,BLUE ,SEA1 #b#f#i4 .<#g#g#e.> ,HOBSBAWM1 ,B&ITS1 #a#c4 .<#g#g#f.> ,LUCIE-,SMI?1 #h4 .<#g#g#g.> ,GOSSE1 ,! ,HI/ORY ( ,PIRACY1 #b#i#i4 .<#g#g#h.> ,E>LE1 ,PIRATE ,W>S1 #b#a#b4 .<#g#g#i.> ,GOSSE1 ,! ,HI/ORY ( ,PIRACY1 #b#a#c4 .<#g#h.> ,WILSON1 PREFACE TO ,SNELD]S1 ,! ,DEVIL'S ,AN>*Y1 IX4 .<#g#h#a.> ,HOBSBAWM1 ,B&ITS1 #a#c4 .<#g#h#b.> ,E>LE1 ,PIRATE ,W>S1 #a#h#e4 .<#g#h#c.> ,JOHN ,FRANKL9 ,JAMESON1 ,PRIVATE]+ & ,PIRAT+ 9 ! ,COLONIAL3 ,ILLU/RATIVE ,DOCUM5TS 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,MACMILLAN1 #a#i#b#c71 VIII4 .<#g#h#d.> ,HOBSBAWM1 ,B&ITS1 #a#f4 .<#g#h#e.> ,IBID41 #a#d4 .<#g#h#f.> ,IBID41 #a#g4 .<#g#h#g.> ,IBID41 #g#b4 .<#g#h#h.> ,IBID41 #g#c4 .<#g#h#i.> ,IBID41 #f#h4 .<#g#i.> ,IBID4 .<#g#i#a.> ,IBID41 #b#d4 .<#g#i#b.> ,IBID41 #g#a4 .<#g#i#c.> ,IBID41 #b#g4 .<#g#i#d.> ,IBID4 .<#g#i#e.> ,IBID41 #b#h-#b#i4 ,! 0PEASANT0 REF]5CES HAVE BE5 OMIT$ 9 ?IS QUOTE AS !Y DO NOT SEEM RELEVANT TO ! >GUM5T4 ,! QUE/ION ( H[ GOLD5 AGE PIRATES FIT 9TO ?IS ANALYSIS DESPITE NOT BE+ PEASANTS WILL BE DISCUSS$ BEL[4 .<#g#i#f.> ,HOBSBAWM1 ,B&ITS1 #d#e-#d#f4 .<#g#i#g.> ,IBID41 #a#e4 .<#g#i#h.> ,JAMESON1 #c#d4 .<#g#i#i.> ,R$IK]1 ,VILLA9S ( ,ALL ,NATIONS1 #c#h1 #a#g#c4 .<#h.> ,HOBSBAWM1 ,B&ITS1 #d#f4 .<#h#a.> ,IBID41 #c#e4 .<#h#b.> ,LUCIE-,SMI?1 #i4 .<#h#c.> ,HOBSBAWM1 ,B&ITS1 #i#d4 .<#h#d.> ,IBID41 #f#g4 .<#h#e.> ,IBID41 #f#a4 .<#h#f.> ,IBID41 #f#g4 .<#h#g.> ,IBID41 #f#f4 .<#h#h.> ,IBID4 .<#h#i.> ,IBID41 #f#b4 ,AGA91 ! PEASANT ATRIBUTE HAS BE5 OMIT$4 .<#h#a.> ,HOBSBAWM1 ,B&ITS1 #e4 .<#h#a#a.> ,R$IK]1 ,VILLA9S ( ,ALL ,NATIONS1 #e-#f4 .<#h#a#b.> ,HILL1 0,RADICAL ,PIRATES80 #a#f#e4 .<#h#a#c.> ,HOBSBAWM1 ,B&ITS1 #e#f4 .<#h#a#d.> ,IBID41 #e#e4 .<#h#a#e.> ,IBID41 #a#i4 .<#h#a#f.> ,IBID41 #a#e4 .<#h#a#g.> ,IBID4 .<#h#a#h.> ,IBID41 #c#a4 ,HILL HAS ALSO PO9T$ AT ! FACT ?AT ! FOLL[+ ANALYSIS ( ! 0CRIM9AL UND]WORLD0 IS MORE APPLICABLE TO GOLD5 AGE PIRACY ?AN ,HOBSBAWM'S CONCEPT ( ! PEASANT B&IT 70,RADICAL ,PIRATES80 #a#h74 .<#h#a#i.> ,HOBSBAWM1 ,B&ITS1 #c#b4 .<#h#b.> ,E4 ,J4 ,HOBSBWAM1 ,PRIMITIVE ,REBELS3 ,/UDIES 9 ,>*AIC ,=MS ( ,SOCIAL ,MOVEM5T 9 ! #a#i? & #b? ,C5TURIES1 #cRD $4 7,MAN*E/]3 ,MAN*E/] ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #aiei @& #a#i#g#a71 #e4 .<#h#b#a.> ,IBID41 #bd .<#h#b#b.> ,HOBSBWAM1 ,B&ITS1 #fb .<#h#b#c.> ,HOBSBWAM1 ,PRIMITIVE ,REBELS1 #a#c4 .<#h#b#d.> CF4 ,HOBSBAWM1 ,B&ITS1 #i#a4 .<#h#b#e.> ,IBID41 #d#h4 .<#h#b#f.> ,IBID41 #b4 .<#h#b#g.> ,IBID41 #a#i-#b4 .<#h#b#h.> ,IBID41 #b#a4 .<#h#b#i.> ,HOBSBWAM1 ,PRIMITIVE ,REBELS1 #b#d4 .<#h#c.> ,IBID41 #b#b-#b#c4 .<#h#c#a.> ,HOBSBAWM1 ,B&ITS1 #g#f4 .<#h#c#b.> ,HOBSBWAM1 ,PRIMITIVE ,REBELS1 #b#h4 .<#h#c#c.> ,HOBSBAWM1 ,B&ITS1 #h#d4 .<#h#c#d.> ,IBID41 #b#b4 .<#h#c#e.> ,HOBSBWAM1 ,PRIMITIVE ,REBELS1 #b#h4 .<#h#c#f.> ,MANUEL ,S*ONHORN'S 0,COMM5T>Y & ,NOTES0 TO HIS #aigb $ITION ( ,A ,G5]AL ,HI/ORY ( ! ,PYRATES PROV$ CRUCIAL = ?IS DEBATE4 .<#h#c#g.> ,WILSON1 ,PIRATE ,UTOPIAS1 #a#i#f-#a#i#h4 ,HILL WRITES SIMIL>LY3 0,! ,HI/ORY ( ! ,PYRATES1 SOMETIMES ATRIBUT$ TO ,DEFOE1 IS NOT NECESS>ILY RELIABLE AS EVID5CE ( :AT PIRATES ACTUALLY DID OR SAID4 ,BUT IT IS EVID5CE ( :AT PUBLIC OP9ION WAS PREP>$ TO BELIEVE0 7,LIB]TY ,AGA9/ ! ,LAW1 #a#a#e74 .<#h#c#h.> ,L&1 #a#h#c4 .<#h#c#i.> ,TURLEY #h4 .<#h#d.> ,R$IK]1 0,HYDR>*Y & ,LIB]TALIA10 #c#a4 .<#h#d#a.> ,L&1 #a#h#c4 .<#h#d#b.> ,R$IK]1 0,HYDR>*Y & ,LIB]TALIA10 #d#a-#d#b4 .<#h#d#c.> ,LAW1 #h4 .<#h#d#d.> ,SNELD]S1 #a#b4 .<#h#d#e.> ,JOHNSON1 #c#d#g4 .<#h#d#f.> ,IBID41 #c#d#i4 .<#h#d#g.> ,IBID41 #c#e4 .<#h#d#h.> ,IBID41 #c#d#i4 .<#h#d#i.> ,IBID41 #c#e#h4 .<#h#e.> ,IBID41 #c#d#h4 .<#h#e#a.> ,IBID41 #c#e#h-#c#e#i4 .<#h#e#b.> ,IBID41 #c#e4 ,?IS DID NOT KEEP HIM FROM ACCEPT+ SPECIAL GIFTS FROM HIS CREW 7,IBID474 .<#h#e#c.> ,IBID41 #c#e#a4 .<#h#e#d.> ,IBID41 #d#c4 .<#h#e#e.> ,IBID4 .<#h#e#f.> ,IBID41 #c#f#f4 .<#h#e#g.> ,IBID41 #c#e#a4 .<#h#e#h.> ,IBID41 #d#i-#d#a4 .<#h#e#i.> ,R$IK]1 0,HYDR>*Y & ,LIB]TALIA10 #c#f4 .<#h#f.> ,R$IK]1 0,LIB]TALIA3 ,! ,PIRATE'S ,UTOPIA10 9 ,PIRATES3 ,AN ,ILLU/RAT$ ,HI/ORY ( ,PRIVATE]S1 ,BUCCANE]S1 & ,PIRATES FOM ! ,SIXTE5? ,C5TURY TO ! ,PRES5T1 $4 ,DAVID ,CORD+LY 7,LONDON3 ,SALAM&]1 #a#i#i#f71 #a#b#e4 .<#h#f#a.> ,JOHNSON1 #d#a4 .<#h#f#b.> ,IBID41 #d#a#a4 .<#h#f#c.> ,IBID4 .<#h#f#d.> ,IBID41 #c#g#a4 .<#h#f#e.> ,IBID41 #d#a#a4 .<#h#f#f.> ,WILSON1 ,PIRATE ,UTOPIAS1 #a#i#g4 .<#h#f#g.> ,SNELD]S1 #a#i4 .<#h#f#h.> ,JOHNSON1 #d#a#a4 .<#h#f#i.> ,IBID41 #d#a#b4 .<#h#g.> ,LAW1 9 HIS RADICAL V]SION ( ! ,LIB]TALIA /ORY1 DOES NOT ABRUPTLY 5D ! ACC\NT 9 ! SAME MANN]1 BUT (F]S A V]Y ABBREVIAT$ & SELECTIVE 5D+4 .<#h#g#a.> ,JOHNSON1 #d#a#b4 .<#h#g#b.> ,JOHNSON1 #d#a#c-#d#a#d4 .<#h#g#c.> ,SEE ALSO ,LUCIE-,SMI?1 #b#d4 .<#h#g#d.> ,L9EBAU< & ,R$IK]1 #a#f#g-#a#f#h4 ,= A USEFUL G5]AL OV]VIEW1 SEE ALSO ! *APT] 0,PIRATE ,HAUNTS & ,/RON ,SNELD]S1 #a#e#a4 .<#h#g#f.> ,IBID41 #a#g#b4 .<#h#g#g.> ,TOMSON1 #d#f4 .<#h#g#h.> ,GALV91 #a#i4 .<#h#g#i.> ,CORD+LY & ,FALCON]1 #c#f4 .<#h#h.> ,%]RY1 #b#c4 .<#h#h#a.> ,SNELD]S1 #f#i-#g4 .<#h#h#b.> ,KON/AM1 ,BUCCANE]S1 #a#d4 .<#h#h#c.> ,GOSSE1 ,! ,PIRATES' ,:O'S ,:O1 #a#d#c4 .<#h#h#d.> ,IBID41 #a#i4 .<#h#h#e.> ,MASEFIELD1 #a#a#g4 .<#h#h#f.> ,FULL] & ,LESLIE-,MELVILLE1 #h4 .<#h#h#g.> ,BESSON1 #a#g#g4 .<#h#h#h.> ,KON/AM1 ,BUCCANE]S1 #e#c4 .<#h#h#i.> ,IBID4 .<#h#i.> ,ROGOZ9SKI1 ,BRIEF ,HI/ORY1 #i#d4 .<#h#i#a.> ,LUCIE-,SMI?1 #a#e#h1 #a#f4 .<#h#i#b.> ,CORD+LY & ,FALCON]1 #c#h4 .<#h#i#c.> ,KON/AM1 ,BUCCANE]S1 #e#b4 .<#h#i#d.> ,E>LE1 ,PIRATE ,W>S1 #i#a4 .<#h#i#e.> ,BURG1 #i#d4 .<#h#i#f.> ,FULL] & ,LESLIE-,MELVILLE1 #h#d4 .<#h#i#g.> ,N$ ,W>D1 AU?OR ( ,! ,LONDON ,SPY 7#a#f#i#h71 QUOT$ 9 ,FULL] & ,LESLIE-,MELVILLE1 #h#e4 .<#h#i#h.> ,WILLIAMS1 ,CAPTA9S ,\TRAGE\S1 #a#b#f4 .<#h#i#i.> ,DAMPI]1 #a#e#e4 .<#i.> ,CORD+LY1 ,LIFE ,AMONG ! ,PIRATES1 #a#g#f4 .<#i#a.> ,L9EBAU< & ,R$IK]1 #b#f#h4 .<#i#b.> ,O4 ,NIGEL ,BOLL&1 ,! ,=MATION ( A ,COLONIAL ,SOCIETY3 ,BELIZE1 FROM ,CONQUE/ TO ,CR[N ,COLONY 7,BALTIMORE & ,LONDON3 ,JOHNS ,HOPK9S ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #a#i#g#g71 #b#a4 .<#i#c.> ,FULL] & ,LESLIE-,MELVILLE1 #a#d4 .<#i#d.> ,CORD+LY1 ,LIFE ,AMONG ! ,PIRATES1 #a#g#h4 .<#i#e.> ,IBID41 #b#c#i4 .<#i#f.> ,%]RY1 #b#h4 .<#i#g.> ,WOOD>D1 #a#c#a4 .<#i#h.> ,SNELD]S1 #a#g#b4 .<#i#i.> ,WILLIAMS1 ,CAPTA9S ,\TRAGE\S1 #a#e4 .<#i#a.> ,M>LEY1 ,PIRATES1 #a#c4 .<#i#a#a.> ,BOT+1 #a#b#h4 .<#i#a#b.> ,M>X1 0,! ,GOLD5 ,AGE ( ,PIRACY10 #a#i4 .<#i#a#c.> ,%]RY1 #b#g-#b#h4 .<#i#a#d.> ,LUCIE-,SMI?1 #b#a#d4 .<#i#a#e.> ,M>X1 0,! ,GOLD5 ,AGE ( ,PIRACY10 #a#i4 .<#i#a#f.> ,WILLIAMS1 ,CAPTA9S ,\TRAGE\S1 #a#e#c4 .<#i#a#g.> ,MIT*ELL1 #a#i#g#f1 #h#d1 9 ,GALV91 #a#h4 .<#i#a#h.> ,GALV91 #a#g4 .<#i#a#i.> ,M>LEY1 ,PIRATES1 #a#a#g4 .<#i#b.> ,CORD+LY & ,FALCON]1 #h4 .<#i#b#a.> ,E>LE1 ,PIRATE ,W>S1 #a#b#b4 .<#i#b#b.> ,CORD+LY & ,FALCON]1 #h4 .<#i#b#c.> #agd ,P>LIAM5T>Y ,PROPOSAL1 QUOT$ 9 ,BOT+1 #i4 .<#i#b#d.> ,E>LE1 ,PIRATE ,W>S1 #a#b#i4 .<#i#b#e.> ,RIT*IE1 #a#a#b-#a#a#c4 .<#i#b#f.> ,%]RY1 #a#b#b4 .<#i#b#g.> ,IBID41 #i#f4 .<#i#b#h.> ,IBID41 #i#d4 .<#i#b#i.> ,JOHNSON1 #e#d#c4 .<#i#c.> ,IBID41 #c#b-#c#d4 .<#i#c#a.> ,RIT*IE1 #a#a#f4 .<#i#c#b.> ,E>LE1 ,PIRATE ,W>S1 #a#c4 .<#i#c#c.> ,CORD+LY & ,FALCON]1 #h#c4 .<#i#c#d.> ,M>LEY1 ,PIRATES1 #a#d4 .<#i#c#e.> ,R$IK]1 ,VILLA9S ( ,ALL ,NATIONS1 #i#e4 .<#i#c#f.> ,WILSON1 PREFACE TO ,SNELD]S1 ,! ,DEVIL'S ,AN>*Y1 IX4 .<#i#c#g.> ,TRE951 #c#b4 .<#i#c#h.> ,HILL1 ,LIB]TY ,AGA9/ ! ,LAW1 #a#b4 .<#i#c#i.> ,WILLIAMS1 ,CAPTA9S ,\TRAGE\S1 X4 ,A V]Y USEFUL G5]AL OV]VIEW ( ! RELATIONS BETWE5 ! /ATE1 COMM]CE1 & PIRACY CAN ALSO BE F\ND 9 ,P]OT9-,DUMON1 0,! ,PIRATE & ! ,EMP]OR3 ,P[] & ! ,LAW ON ! ,SEAS1 #a#d#e-#a#h#e40 .<#i#d.> ,KNI ,E>LE1 ,PIRATE ,W>S1 XI4 .<#i#d#b.> ,L&1 #a#g#b4 .<#i#d#c.> ,M>X1 0,! ,BRE?R5 ( ! ,COA/10 #c#g4 .<#i#d#d.> ,KNI ,LUCIE-,SMI?1 #a#g#i4 .<#i#d#f.> ,JAMESON1 ,PRIVATE]+ & ,PIRACY 9 ! ,COLONIAL ,P]IOD1 VIII4 .<#i#d#g.> ,TOMSON1 #e4 .<#i#d#h.> ,KON/AM1 ,HI/ORY ( ,PIRATES1 #a#c#h4 .<#i#d#i.> ,E>LE1 ,PIRATE ,W>S1 #a#c#e4 .<#i#e.> ,IBID41 #a#d#g4 .<#i#e#a.> ,RIT*IE1 #a#i4 .<#i#e#b.> ,M>LEY1 ,PIRATES1 #a#d#h4 .<#i#e#c.> ,KNI ,SNELD]S1 #a#e#e4 .<#i#e#e.> ,L&1 #a#h#f4 .<#i#e#f.> ,HOBSBAWM1 ,B&ITS1 #h#b4 .<#i#e#g.> ,GALV91 #a#h#f4 .<#i#e#h.> ,M>LEY1 ,PIRATES1 #a#c4 .<#i#e#i.> ,JOHNSON1 #a4 .<#i#f.> ,BOT+1 #a#i#d4 .<#i#f#a.> ,R$IK]1 ,VILLA9S ( ,ALL ,NATIONS1 #a#e4 .<#i#f#b.> ,R$IK]1 ,BETWE5 ! ,DEVIL & ! ,DEEP ,BLUE ,SEA1 #b#e#d4 .<#i#f#c.> ,M>LEY1 ,PIRATES1 #a#d4 .<#i#f#d.> ,JOHNSON1 #b#c#a4 .<#i#f#e.> ,BO/ON ,NEWS-,LET]1 #b#bND ( ,AUGU/ #a#g#b1 QUOT$ 9 ,JAMESON1 #c#a#d4 .<#i#f#f.> ,E>LE1 ,PIRATE ,W>S1 #a#g#h-#a#g#i4 .<#i#f#g.> ,HOBSBAWM1 ,B&ITS1 #e#f4 .<#i#f#h.> ,L9EBAU< & ,R$IK]1 #a#g#b-#a#g#c4 .<#i#f#i.> ,E>LE1 ,PIRATE ,W>S1 #a#d#f-#a#d#g4 .<#i#g.> ,ANONYM\S1 0,PIRATE ,UTOPIAS3 ,UND] ! ,BANN] ( ,K+ ,DEA?40 .<#i#g#a.> ,DELEUZE & ,GUAT>I1 ,NOMADOLOGY1 #a#a#g4 .<#i#g#b.> ,R$IK]1 ,VILLA9S ( ,ALL ,NATIONS1 #a#d#b4 .<#i#g#c.> ,IBID41 #a#d#d4 .<#i#g#d.> ,GALV91 #f#f-#f#g4 .<#i#g#e.> ,SEE 0,A ,LITLE ,HI/ORY0 9 ,*APT] #b4 .<#i#g#f.> ,HILL1 0,RADICAL ,PIRATES80 #a#g#d4 .<#i#g#g.> ,R$IK]1 ,VILLA9S ( ,ALL ,NATIONS1 #a#d#e4 .<#i#g#h.> ,BO/ON ,NEWS-,LET] ,EXTRA1 ,JUNE #c1 #a#g#d1 QUOT$ 9 ,JAMESON1 #b#h#c4 .<#i#g#i.> ,IBID41 #b#h#d4 .<#i#h.> ,M>LEY1 ,PIRATES1 #a#d#c4 .<#i#h#a.> ,WILSON1 PREFACE TO ,SNELD]S1 ,! ,DEVIL'S ,AN>*Y1 XI4 .<#i#h#b.> ,CORD+LY & ,FALCON]1 #i#f4 .<#i#h#c.> ,FRI$RI* ,NIETZS*E1 ,ZUR ,G5EALOGIE D] ,MORAL1 9 ,KRITIS*E ,GESAMTAUSGABE1 ,B& #e 7,MUNI*3 ,DEUTS*] ,TAS*5BU* ,V]LAG @& ,B]L9_/ ,NEW ,YORK1 ,WALT] DE ,GRUYT] #a#i#h71 #b#i#e4 .<#i#h#d.> ,TURLEY1 #a#c4 .<#i#h#e.> ,CORD+LY1 ,LIFE ,AMONG ! ,PIRATES1 #e#d4 .<#i#h#f.> ,JOHNSON1 #e#g4 .<#i#h#g.> ,IBID41 #b#i#i4 .<#i#h#h.> ,GOSSE1 ,! ,PIRATES' ,:O'S ,:O1 #b#c#d4 .<#i#h#i.> ,MASEFIELD1 #a#b#f4 .<#i#i.> ,BURG1 #a#f#b4 .<#i#i#a.> ,KON/AM1 ,HI/ORY ( ,PIRATES1 #h#c4 .<#i#i#b.> ,SNELD]S1 #h4 .<#i#i#c.> ,CORD+LY1 ,LIFE ,AMONG ! ,PIRATES1 #a#e#c4 .<#i#i#d.> ,BOT+1 #e#e4 .<#i#i#e.> ,IBID4 .<#i#i#f.> ,R$IK]1 ,VILLA9S ( ,ALL ,NATIONS1 #a#g#f4 .<#i#i#g.> ,IBID41 #h#i4 .<#i#i#h.> ,SNELD]S1 #b#e4 .<#i#i#i.> ,IBID41 #a#a#a4 .<#a.> ,BURG1 #a#f#d4 .<#a#a.> ,CORD+LY & ,FALCON]1 #d#a4 .<#a#b.> ,SNELD]S1 #a#a4 .<#a#c.> ,ROB]T ,I4 ,BURNS1 ,MUSLIMS1 ,*RI/IANS & ,JEWS 9 ! ,CRUSAD] ,K+DOM ( ,VAL5CIA3 ,SOCIETIES 9 ,SYMBIOSIS 7,CAMBRIDGE3 ,CAMBRIDGE ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #a#i#h#d71 QUOT$ 9 ,TOMSON1 ,M]C5>IES1 #d#e4 .<#a#d.> ,CORD+LY1 ,LIFE ,AMONG ! ,PIRATES1 #a#e#i4 .<#a#e.> ,KNI ,%]RY1 #a#c#f4 .<#a#g.> ,SNELD]S1 #b#e4 .<#a#h.> ,R$IK]1 #a#g4 .<#a#i.> ,%]RY1 #c#e4 .<#a#a.> ,ANONYM\S1 0,PIRATE ,UTOPIAS3 ,UND] ! ,BANN] ( ,K+ ,DEA?40 .<#a#a#a.> ,HOBSBAWM1 ,B&ITS1 #e#h4 .<#a#a#b.> ,R$IK]1 ,VILLA9S ( ,ALL ,NATIONS1 #a#d4 .<#a#a#c.> ,HAUDE1 #f#a4 .<#a#a#d.> ,R$IK]1 ,BETWE5 ! ,DEVIL & ! ,DEEP ,BLUE ,SEA1 #b#h#g4 .<#a#a#e.> ,%]RY1 #a#c#e4 .<#a#a#f.> ,L&1 #a#g#g4 .<#a#a#g.> ,RIT*IE1 #b#c#d4 .<#a#a#h.> ,R$IK]1 ,VILLA9S ( ,ALL ,NATIONS1 #i-#i#a4 .<#a#a#i.> ,M>LEY1 ,PIRATES1 #a#c#f-#a#c#g4 .<#a#b.> ,JOHNSON1 #c#d4 ,AU?OR'S EMPHASIS4 .<#a#b#a.> ,E>LE1 ,PIRATE ,W>S1 #a#g#f4 .<#a#b#b.> ,IBID41 #a#g#e4 .<#a#b#c.> ,R$IK]1 ,VILLA9S ( ,ALL ,NATIONS1 #h#h4 .<#a#b#d.> ,IBID4 .<#a#b#e.> ,JOHNSON1 #a#i#c4 .<#a#b#f.> ,S]VICE1 #d#h4 .<#a#b#g.> ,JOHNSON1 #b#e#b4 .<#a#b#h.> ,SNELD]S1 #b#c4 .<#a#b#i.> ,FRI$RI* ,NIETZS*E1 ,DIE ,GEBURT D] ,TRAGODIE1 9 ,KRITIS*E ,GESAMTAUSGABE1 ,B& #a 7,MUNI*3 ,DEUTS*] ,TAS*5BU*V]LAG @& ,B]L9_/ ,NEW ,YORK3 ,WALT] DE ,GRUYT] #a#i#h71 #g#i4 .<#a#c.> ,IBID41 #a#b#h4 .<#a#c#a.> ,NIETZS*E1 ,ZUR ,G5EALOGIE D] ,MORAL1 #a#c#g4 .<#a#c#b.> ,FRI$RI* ,NIETZS*E1 ,J5SEITS VON ,GUT UND ,BOSE1 9 ,KRITIS*E ,GESAMTAUSGABE1 ,B& #e 7,MUNI*3 ,DEUTS*] ,TAS*5BU* ,V]LAG @& ,B]L9_/ ,NEW ,YORK3 ,WALT] DE ,GRUYT] #a#i#h71 #b#c#h4 .<#a#c#c.> ,NIETZS*E1 ,ZUR ,G5EALOGIE D] ,MORAL1 #a#c4 .<#a#c#d.> ,NIETZS*E1 ,J5SEITS VON ,GUT UND ,BOSE1 #a#b#b4 .<#a#c#e.> ,NIETZS*E1 ,ZUR ,G5EALOGIE D] ,MORAL1 #b#f#f4 .<#a#c#f.> ,GILLES ,DELEUZE1 ,NIETZS*E & ,PHILOSOPHY1 TRANS4 ,HU< ,TOML9SON 7,LONDON3 ,A?LONE ,PRESS1 #a#i#h#c71 #a#h4 .<#a#c#g.> ,NIETZS*E1 ,DIE ,GEBURT D] ,TRAGODIE1 #b#h4 .<#a#c#h.> ,IBID41 #a#e4 .<#a#c#i.> ,DELEUZE1 #a#h#e-#a#h#f4 .<#a#d.> ,IBID41 #a#f4 .<#a#d#a.> ,GOSSE1 ,! ,PIRATES' ,:O'S ,:O1 #a#f#i4 .<#a#d#b.> ,E>LE1 ,PIRATE ,W>S1 #a#f#h-#a#f#i4 .<#a#d#c.> ,JOHNSON1 #e#f#c4 .<#a#d#d.> ,SNELD]S1 #i#h4 .<#a#d#e.> ,R$IK]1 ,VILLA9S ( ,ALL ,NATIONS1 #e#i4 .<#a#d#f.> ,FRI$RI* ,NIETZS*E1 ,DIE FOHLI*E ,WISS5S*AF1 9 ,KRITIS*E ,GESAMTAUSGABE1 ,B& #c 7,MUNI*3 ,DEUTS*] ,TAS*5BU*V]LAG @& ,B]L9_/ ,NEW ,YORK3 ,WALT] DE ,GRUYT] #a#i#h71 #e#g#d4 .<#a#d#g.> ,IBID41 #e#c4 .<#a#d#h.> ,WILSON1 ,PREFACE TO ,SNELD]S1 ,! ,DEVIL'S ,AN>*Y1 IX-X4 .<#a#d#i.> ,SNELD]S1 #a#h#g4 .<#a#e.> ,%]RY1 #a#b#c4 .<#a#e#a.> ,L&1 #a#g#g4 ,IT IS NOT SURPRIS+ ?AT ! P]SPECTIVE ( NON-RADICAL HI/ORIANS DIFF]S4 ,DAVID ,CORD+LY WRITES UNC]EMONI\SLY3 0,IT WAS ! LURE ( PLUND] & RI*ES :I* WAS ! PR9CIPAL ATRACTION ( PIRACY1 JU/ AS IT HAS BE5 = EV]Y B&IT1 BRIG&1 & ?IEF ?R\<\T HI/ORY0 7,LIFE ,AMONG ! ,PIRATES1 #b#b#e74 .<#a#e#b.> ,R$IK]1 ,VILLA9S ( ,ALL ,NATIONS1 #a#g#c4 .<#a#e#c.> ,FRI$RI* ,NIETZS*E1 ,MORG5RO!1 9 ,KRITIS*E ,GESAMTAUSGABE1 ,B& #c 7,MUNI*3 ,DEUTS*] ,TAS*5BU*V]LAG @& ,B]L9_/,NEW ,YORK3 ,WALT] DE ,GRUYT] #a#i#h71 #c#b4 .<#a#e#d.> ,FRI$RI* ,NIETZS*E1 ,D] ,ANTI*RI/4 9 ,KRITIS*E ,GESAMTAUSGABE1 ,B& #f 7,MUNI*3 ,DEUTS*] ,TAS*5BU*V]LAG @& ,B]L9_/,NEW ,YORK3 ,WALT] DE ,GRUYT]1 #a#i#h74 .<#a#e#e.> ,SEE ,NIETZS*E'S #ahhi BOOK ( ! SAME NAME4 .<#a#e#f.> ,R$IK]1 ,BETWE5 ! ,DEVIL & ! ,DEEP ,BLUE ,SEA1 #b#h#f4 .<#a#e#g.> ,R$IK]1 ,VILLA9S ( ,ALL ,NATIONS1 #f#i4 .<#a#e#h.> ,NIETZS*E1 ,J5SEITS VON ,GUT UND ,BOSE1 #d#g-#d#h4 .<#a#e#i.> ,WILSON1 ,PIRATE ,UTOPIAS1 #e#b4 .<#a#f.> ,R$IK]1 ,BETWE5 ! ,DEVIL & ! ,DEEP ,BLUE ,SEA1 #b#d#h4 .<#a#f#a.> ,M>LEY1 ,PIRATES1 #a#c#i4 .<#a#f#b.> ,R$IK]1 ,VILLA9S ( ,ALL ,NATIONS1 #a#b#h4 .<#a#f#c.> ,SNELD]S1 #d#h4 .<#a#f#d.> ,IBID41 #a#i#b4 .<#a#f#e.> ,JOHNSON1 #d#h#b4 .<#a#f#f.> ,RIT*IE1 #h#e4 .<#a#f#g.> ,SNELD]S1 #a#e#e4 .<#a#f#h.> ,BESSON1 #a#a4 .<#a#f#i.> ,SEE ,FRI$RI* ,NIETZS*E1 ,ALSO ,SPRA* ,Z>A?U/RA1 9 ,KRITIS*E ,GESAMTAUSGABE4 ,B& #d 7,MUNI*3 ,DEUTS*] ,TAS*5BU*V]LAG @& ,B]L9_/ ,NEW ,YORK3 ,WALT] DE ,GRUYT]1 #a#i#h71 OR ,ZUR ,G5EALOGIE D] ,MORAL4 .<#a#g.> ,NIETZS*E1 ,DIE ,GEBURT D] ,TRAGODIE1 #h4 .<#a#g#a.> ,IBID41 #c#f4 .<#a#g#b.> ,IBID41 #a#b#h4 .<#a#g#c.> ,DELEUZE1 ,NIETZS*E & ,PHILOSOPHY1 #a#g#f4 .<#a#g#d.> ,SNELD]S1 #a#i4 .<#a#g#e.> ,ANONYM\S1 0,PIRATE ,UTOPIAS3 ,UND] ! ,BANN] ( ,K+ ,DEA?40 .<#a#g#f.> ,R$IK]1 ,VILLA9S ( ALL ,NATIONS1 #g#b4 .<#a#g#g.> ,IBID41 #g#a4 .<#a#g#h.> ,%]RY1 #a#b#i-#a#c4 ,AB\T MUSIC ON PIRATE %IPS1 SEE ALSO ,CORD+LY1 ,LIFE ,AMONG ! ,PIRATES1 #a#a#e-#a#a#f4 .<#a#g#i.> ,SNELD]S1 #a#h4 .<#a#h.> ,NIETZS*E1 ,J5SEITS VON ,GUT UND ,BOSE1 #a#c#c4 .<#a#h#a.> ,NIETZS*E1 ,MORG5RO!1 #f#b#i4 .<#a#h#b.> ,SEE ,JEAN-,FRANCOIS ,LYOT>D1 ,LIBID9AL ,ECONOMY1 TRANS4 ,IA9 ,HAMILTON ,GRANT 7,BLOOM+TON3 ,9DIANA ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #a#i#i#c74 .<#a#h#c.> ,SNELD]S1 #a#h4 .<#a#h#d.> ,IBID4 .<#a#h#e.> ,FRI$RI* ,NIETZS*E1 ,NA*GELASS5E ,FRAGM5TE1 9 ,KRITIS*E ,GESAMTAUSGABE1 ,B& #a 7,MUNI*3 ,DEUTS*] ,TAS*5BU*V]LAG @& ,B]L9_/ ,NEW ,YORK3 ,WALT] DE ,GRUYT] #a#i#h71 #e#f#h4 .<#a#h#f.> ,BESSON1 #b#b4 ,! OBSESSION ) GAMBL+ IS ALSO CONFIRM$ BY O!R S\RCES3 SEE1 = EXAMPLE1 ,CORD+LY1 ,LIFE ,AMONG ! ,PIRATES1 #a#a#d-#a#a#e2 ,BESSON1 #a#d2 ,WAF]1 #a#b#g4 .<#a#h#g.> ,BOT+1 #b#i4 .<#a#h#h.> ,R$IK]1 ,BETWE5 ! ,DEVIL & ! ,DEEP ,BLUE ,SEA1 #b#f#f4 .<#a#h#i.> ,BESSON1 X4 .<#a#i.> ,NIETZS*E1 ,DIE ,GEBURT D] ,TRAGODIE1 #i#i4 .<#a#i#a.> ,NIETZS*E1 ,DIE FOHLI*E ,WISS5S*AF1 #e#a#i4 .<#a#i#b.> ,DELEUZE1 #a#f4 .<#a#i#c.> ,NIETZS*E1 ,ZUR ,G5EALOGIE D] ,MORAL1 #b#g#g4 .<#a#i#d.> ,NIETZS*E1 ,ALSO SPRA* ,Z>A?U/RA1 #i#c4 .<#a#i#e.> ,R$IK]1 ,VILLA9S ( ALL ,NATIONS1 #a#f#c4 .<#a#i#f.> ,GOSSE1 ,! ,PIRATES' ,:O'S ,:O1 #a#e#g4 .<#a#i#g.> ,DAVID ,CORD+LY1 9TRODUCTION TO ,KON/AM1 ,! ,HI/ORY ( ,PIRATES1 #i4 .<#a#i#h.> ,R$IK]1 ,BETWE5 ! ,DEVIL & ! ,DEEP ,BLUE ,SEA1 #b#c4 .<#a#i#i.> ,R$IK]1 ,VILLA9S ( ALL ,NATIONS1 #a#d#g4 .<#a#a.> ,JOHNSON1 #b#a#b4 .<#a#a#a.> ,KON/AM1 ,HI/ORY ( ,PIRATES1 #a#a4 .<#a#a#b.> ,R$IK]1 ,VILLA9S ( ,ALL ,NATIONS1 #a#f#i4 .<#a#a#c.> ,JOHNSON1 #a#c#eF .<#a#a#d.> ,BO/ON ,NEWS-,LET]1 ,AUGU/ #b#b1 #a#g#b1 QUOT$ FROM ,JAMESON1 #c#a#e4 .<#a#a#e.> ,R$IK]1 ,VILLA9S ( ,ALL ,NATIONS1 #a#d#i4 .<#a#a#f.> ,WILLIAM ,SNELGRAVE1 ,A ,NEW ,ACC\NT ( ,SOME ,P>TS ( ,GU9EA & ! ,SLAVE ,TRADE #bND $4 7,LONDON3 ,C4 ,W>D & ,A4 ,*&L]1 #a#g#c#e2 ,LONDON3 ,FRANK ,CASS1 #a#i#g71 #a#f#g4 .<#a#a#g.> ,JOHNSON1 #b#a#d4 .<#a#a#h.> ,NIETZS*E1 ,J5SEITS VON ,GUT UND ,BOSE1 #b#e-#b#f4 .<#a#a#i.> ,DELEUZE1 #a#g#d-#a#g#e4 .<#a#a#a.> ,NIETZS*E1 ,ZUR ,G5EALOGIE D] ,MORAL1 #c#a#a4 .<#a#a#a#a.> ,NIETZS*E1 ,J5SEITS VON ,GUT UND ,BOSE1 #a#b#e4 .<#a#a#a#b.> ,NIETZS*E1 ,DIE ,GEBURT D] ,TRAGODIE1 #b#f4 .<#a#a#a#c.> ,SNELD]S1 #a#i#g4 .<#a#a#a#d.> ,R$IK]1 ,VILLA9S ( ALL ,NATIONS1 #g#a4 .<#a#a#a#e.> ,%]RY1 #a#c#b4 .<#a#a#a#f.> ,EXQUEMEL91 #d4 .<#a#a#a#g.> ,JOHNSON1 #a#i#b-#a#i#c4 .<#a#a#a#h.> ,IBID41 #e#d#b4 .<#a#a#a#i.> ,NIETZS*E1 ,MORG5RO!1 #e#d-#e#e4 .<#a#a#b.> ,NIETZS*E1 ,DIE ,GEBURT D] ,TRAGODIE1 #b#d4 ,( C\RSE ! DR9K+ ( ! PIRATES MU/ NOT BE ROMANTICIZ$4 ,M>X NOTES ?AT 0ALCOHOLISM WAS AN OCCUPATIONAL HAZ>D & L$ TO MANY UNTIMELY DEA?S0 70,! ,GOLD5 ,AGE ( ,PIRACY10 #a#i71 :I* IS CONFIRM$ BY ,KON/AM :O WRITES ?AT 0MANY . DI$ FROM ALCOHOL ABUSE0 7,HI/ORY ( ,PIRATES1 #a#h#d74 ,JOHNSON'S ,G5]AL ,HI/ORY 9CLUDES AT LEA/ ONE EPISODE 9 :I* TWO PIRATES :O HAVE BE5 S5T5C$ TO DEA? BLAME !IR PIRAT+ WAYS ON !IR DR9K+ 7#c#a#e- #c#a#f74 ,= A SUMM>Y ( PIRATE CREWS' PROBLEMS ) ALCOHOL SEE ALSO ,BURG1 #a#e#e-#a#e#f4 ,9 ?IS LI?OLOMEW ,ROB]TS1 HAS BE5 DESCRIB$ AS A TEETOTAL]4 ,EV]Y REPUT$LY DID NOT DR9K EI!R 7,%]RY1 #f#i71 & ! FAM\S1 YET MO/ PROBABLY FICTIONAL1 PIRATE CAPTA9 ,MISSON EXPLICITLY SPEAKS \T AGA9/ ALCOHOL 7,JOHNSON1 #c#e#i-#c#f74 .<#a#a#b#a.> ,NIETZS*E1 ,ZUR ,G5EALOGIE D] ,MORAL1 #a#a#g4 .<#a#a#b#b.> ,ANONYM\S1 0,PIRATE ,UTOPIAS3 ,UND] ! ,BANN] ( ,K+ ,DEA?40 .<#a#a#b#c.> ,SEE ,RAMOR ,RYAN1 ,CL&E/9ES3 ,! ,PIRATE ,J\RNALS ( AN ,IRI% ,EXILE 7,OAKL& @& ,$9BUR<3 ,A,K ,PRESS1 #b#f74 .<#a#a#b#d.> ,SEE HTP3 _/_/WWW4CRIME?9C4COM4 .<#a#a#b#e.> ,SEE ,CAPT'N ,MAYHEM1 ,LONG ,LIVE ,MUT9Y6 ,A ,PIRATE ,H&BOOK 7,BALTIMORE3 ,FIRE/>T] ,PRESS1 N4D47 .<#a#a#b#f.> ,A SIMPLE ,GOOGLE ,IMAGE SE>* WILL BR+ UP RELEVANT RESULTS4 .<#a#a#b#g.> ,SEE HTP3_/_/WWW4PIRATES=PEACE4COM_/4 .<#a#a#b#h.> ,SEE HTTP3_/_/WWW4CON/ITU5TIMAG9ATION4NET_/4 .<#a#a#b#i.> ,9TRODUCTION TO ,NO ,QU>T]3 ,AN ,AN>*I/ ,Z9E ,AB\T ,PIRATES 7N4P41 N4D471 #b4 .<#a#a#c.> ,WILLIAMS1 ,CAPTA9S ,\TRAGE\S1 #a#e#c4 .<#a#a#c#a.> ,L&1 #a#i4 .<#a#a#c#b.> ,K9KOR1 #b#d-#b#e4 .<#a#a#c#c.> ,R$IK]1 ,BETWE5 ! ,DEVIL & ! ,DEEP ,BLUE ,SEA1 #b#h#e4 .<#a#a#c#d.> ,GUEV>A1 0,:AT IS A ,GU]RILLA80 #b#h#h-#b#h#i4 .<#a#a#c#e.> ,MAO1 ,ON ,GU]RILLA ,W>F>E1 #g#g4 ,! SPECIFICATION ( 0PEASANT0 REVOLT HAS BE5 OMIT$ AS ! >GUM5T SEEMS TO EXT5D SY/EMATICALLY TO ! SITUATION ( ! 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