,! ,9EVITABILITY ( ,COMMUNISM ,PEOPLE 3 ,AU?OR 3 ,PAUL ,MATTICK ,TEXT 3 ,S\RCE3 ,KURASJE ,>*IVE2 ,TRANSCRIB$3 BY ,&Y ,BLUND51 = M>XI/S4ORG #b#c2 ,PRO($3 & CORRECT$ BY ,GE(F ,TRAU<1 ,JULY #b#e4 ,ITALICS ADD$ BY ,JONAS ,HOLMGR51 ,JUNE #b#i4 ,! VIEWPO9T ( TOTALITY 9 ! MAT]IALI/ DIALECTIC IS SOME?+ DIFF]5T FROM ! LONG+ ( ! ECONOMICALLY DI/RACT$ B\RGEOISIE = H>MONY1 = A SELF-CONTA9$ SY/EM1 = ET]NAL TRU?S & AN ALL-EMBRAC+ PHILOSOPHY ( ! ,:OLE 5D+ UP 9 ! ,ABSOLUTE4 ,TO ,M>XISM1 !RE IS NO?+ CLOS$ (F4 ,ALL CONCEPTS1 ALL KN[L$GE IS ! RECOGNITION ?AT 9 ! MAT]IAL 9T]ACTION BETWE5 MAN & NATURE SOCIAL MAN IS AN ACTIVE FACTOR1 ?AT HI/ORICAL DEVELOPM5T IS CONDITION$ NOT ONLY BY OBJECTIVE RELATIONS >IS+ ?R\< NATURE BUT QUITE AS MU* SO BY ! SUBJECTIVE1 SOCIAL MOM5TS4 ,PRECISELY BY REASON ( ! FACT ?AT ! MAT]IALI/ DIALECTIC REG>DS ! ECONOMIC RELATIONS AS ! F\NDATION ( HI/ORICAL DEVELOPM5T1 IT BECOMES IMPOSSIBLE TO ACCEPT A B\RGEOIS & NECESS>ILY METAPHYSICAL PHILOSOPHY ( ET]NITY4 ,SOCIETY1 :I* AIDS 9 DET]M9+ ! BE+ & CONSCI\SNESS ( MAN1 *ANGES P]PETUALLY & H5CE ADMITS ( NO ABSOLUTE SOLUTIONS4 ,! DIALECTICAL PROCESS ( DEVELOPM5T RECOGNIZES NO CON/ANT FACTORS1 EI!R BIOLOGICAL OR SOCIAL2 9 IT !SE FACTORS1 !MSELVES1 V>Y CONT9U\SLY1 SO ?AT ONE IS NEV] 9 A POSITION REALLY TO SEP>ATE !M & MU/ D5Y !M ANY SORT ( CON/ANCY4 ,! DIALECTICAL1 COMPREH5SIVE VIEW1 ! CONSID]ATION ( ! ,:OLE IS ACCORD+LY TO BE UND]/OOD 9 ! S5SE ?AT H]E EV]Y SEP>ATION BETWE5 ! OBJECTIVE & SUBJECTIVE HI/ORICAL FACTORS IS REJECT$1 S9CE !SE >E ALWAYS 9FLU5C+ EA* O!R & ?US >E !MSELVES ALWAYS *ANG+4 ,! ONE CANNOT BE UND]/OOD )\T ! O!R4 ,= SCI5CE1 ?AT MEANS ?AT ITS CONCEPTS >E NOT ONLY OBJECTIVELY GIV5 BUT >E ALSO DEP5D5T UPON ! SUBJECTIVE FACTORS1 & !SE 9 TURN AID 9 DET]M9+ SCI5TIFIC ME?ODS & !IR GOALS4 ,TO ! 9T]PRETATION ( ! ,M>XIAN DIALECTIC ,HOOK DEVOTES ! L>G] P>T ( HIS BOOK4 .<#a.> ,ON ! TOTALITY FACTOR & DIALECTICAL 9T]ACTION HE BE/[S ! UTMO/ ATT5TION 9 ORD] ?AT ! ACTIVE ROLE ( MAN1 ! REVOLUTION>Y CONSCI\SNESS 9 ! HI/ORICAL PROCESS MAY /& \T 9 /RONG] RELIEF4 ,TO HIS FREQU5TLY HAPPY & ALSO FREQU5TLY UNHAPPY =MULATIONS1 SO F> AS !Y DEAL ) ! TOTALITY FACTOR1 WE %ALL DEVOTE LITTLE ATT5TION 9 ! FOLL[+ PAGES1 BECAUSE HIS WORK IS ALMO/ EXCLUSIVELY DESIGN$ TO REFUTE !ORETICALLY1 ! MANY ME*ANI/IC & IDEALI/IC EMASCULATIONS ( ,M>XI/ ?\KS TO HIS BOOK 7PAGE #f7 ,HOOK /ATES ?AT 0SCI5CE0 CANNOT BE ID5TIFI$ ) 0,M>XISM10 S9CE ! TWO DEAL ) DIFF]5T ?+S4 ,! ONE ) NATURE1 ! O!R ) SOCIETY4 ,M>X DI/+UI%$ BETWE5 DEVELOPM5T 9 NATURE & ?AT ( HUMAN SOCIETY & HE SAW 9 HUMAN CONSCI\SNESS ! DIFF]5TIAT+ FACTOR 7PAGE #h#e74 ,M>XISM PRESUPPOSES CLASS GOALS2 H5CE IT IS A SUBJECTIVE1 A CLASS SCI5CE2 SCI5CE ITSELF1 H[EV]1 /&S ABOVE CLASSES1 IT IS OBJECTIVE4 ,HOOK SEES 9 ,M>X'S PHILOSOPHY A SYN!SIS ( ! OBJECTIVE & SUBJECTIVE MOM5TS ( TRU?4 ,AS AN 9/RUM5T ( ! CLASS /RUGGLE ! ,M>XIAN !ORY CAN FUNCTION ONLY 9 SO F> AS IT IS OBJECTIVELY CORRECT4 ,YET AS AN OBJECTIVE TRU? IT CAN FUNCTION EFFECTIVELY ONLY )9 ! FRAMEWORK ( ! SUBJECTIVE CLASS PURPOSES ( ! PROLET>IAT4 ,IF !SE CLASS PURPOSES >E ALSO SOCIALLY & HI/ORICALLY CONDITION$1 /ILL ?IS IS NOT TRUE ( ! WILL & ! SPECIFIC ACT BY :I* !Y >E REALIZ$4 ,CONSEQU5TLY1 QUITE AS MU* VALUE MU/ BE ASCRIB$ TO ! SUBJECTIVE AS TO ! OBJECTIVE HI/ORICAL MOM5TS4 ,! HUMAN-ACTIVE ELEM5T IS SUBJECTIVE1 H[EV]1 ONLY 9 RELATION TO ! SOCIO-ECONOMIC SITUATION2 TO ! P>TICIPANTS 9 ! CLASS /RUGGLE IT IS ?OR\XISM AS AN 0OBJECTIVE SCI5CE0 )\T AT ! SAME TIME TAK+ AWAY ITS REVOLUTION>Y *>ACT] 7PAGES #g-#h74 ,AT FIR/ SIT FROM ! FACT ?AT ) ! ACCEPTANCE ( ! ,M>XIAN SYN!SIS SU* CONCEPTS = EXAMPLE1 AS 0OBJECTIVE SCI5CE0 & 0BIOLOGICALLY CON/ANT0 7!SIS7 & 0V>IABLE SOCIAL NATURE ( MAN0 AS WELL AS 0SUBJECTIVE CLASS WILL+0 7ANTI!SIS71 AS ,HOOK PUTS IT LAT]1 CAN /ILL HAVE VALIDITY ONLY AS ME?ODOLOGICAL AB/RACTIONS & NO LONG] CORRESPOND TO REALITY2 AP>T FROM ! FACT ?AT ) ! ACCEPTANCE ( ! ,M>XIAN DIALECTIC ANY ONE-SID$ OV]EMPHASIS ON ! OBJECTIVE OR SUBJECTIVE1 HI/ORICAL FACTORS1 )\T ! MO/ PRECISE SE>*+ ( ! ACTUAL SITUATION1 IS A BLUND]1 IT BE+ QUITE POSSIBLE ?AT 9 C]TA9 SITUATIONS ! SUBJECTIVE FACTOR PLAYS A SMALL] & 9 O!RS A GREAT] ROLE2 & AP>T FROM ! MANY DEFECTS 9 ! ,HOOK =MULATION1 ONE CAN FULLY ACCEPT ,M>XISM (FH& AS A SYN!SIS ( OBJECTIVE SCI5CE & ( SUBJECTIVE CLASS SCI5CE4 ,BUT IF ,HOOK SETS OBJECTIVE1 MATT]-(-FACT SCI5CE1 0SCI5CE PROP]10 ABOVE CLASSES1 HE HAS NOT %[N ! RATIONAL K]NEL CONCEAL$ BEH9D ! CONCEPT4 ,IF ONE IS UNABLE TO MAT]IALIZE SCI5CE1 IF IT REMA9S A M]E MATT] ( CONCEPTS1 !N ! CONCEPT 0OBJECTIVE SCI5CE0 CAN ONLY CONFUSE & BECOMES UNS]VICEABLE = ! REAL EXPLANATION ( ! DIALECTICAL CONT5T ( ,M>XISM1 S9CE ALL SCI5TIFIC ME?ODS1 REG>DLESS ( ! MAT]IAL ) :I* !Y DEAL1 >E 9 P>T SUBJECTIVELY CONDITION$4 ,:5 ,HOOK SAYS ) ,M>X ?AT WE >E NOT CONC]N$ ) EXPLA9+ BUT ) *ANG+1 HE IMPLIES ?AT IT IS ONLY ! PROLET>IAT :I* CAN REALIZE ,M>XISM4 ,BUT ?R\< ?IS REALIZATION ,M>XISM W\LD !N BECOME 0OBJECTIVE SCI5CE40 ,IF WE TAKE AS \R />T+ PO9T ! ,M>XIAN SYN!SIS1 !N ?IS SYN!SIS ALONE IS /ILL CAPABLE ( PASS+ AS 0OBJECTIVE SCI5CE40 ,BUT ?IS !ORETICAL SYN!SIS IS AT FIR/ ONLY ! !ORETICAL ME?OD = GRASP+ ! CONNECTION ( HI/ORICAL REALITY4 ,HI/ORICAL REALITY IS NO?+ BUT - HI/ORICAL REALITY2 IT IS NOT A SCI5CE4 ,ONLY AS HUMAN BE+S COMPREH5D & CONCEPTUALLY EMPLOY ?IS REALITY ) A VIEW TO DET]M9+ )9 IT !IR [N ACTIONS1 ONLY ?AT PRODUCES ! CONT5T ( SCI5CE1 ! OBJECTIVITY ( :I* AT ANY P>TICUL> TIME MU/ BE DEMON/RAT$ 9 PRACTICE4 ,! MAT]IALI/ DIALECTIC IS TODAY ! ONLY ME?OD :I* CONFIRMS ITSELF 9 PRACTICE4 ,IT IS APPLICABLE & IS DEMON/RAT$ EXP]IM5TALLY4 ,H5CE ?IS DIALECTIC IS 0OBJECTIVE SCI5CE02 IT1 TOO1 /&S ABOVE CLASSES1 AS FUR!R SE5 FROM ,HOOK'S ADMISSION ?AT IT W\LD CONT9UE TO OP]ATE 9 A COMMUNI/ SOCIETY4 ,IT IS O!RWISE1 H[EV]1 ) ! ?REE LEAD+ PR9CIPLES ( ! ,M>XIAN DOCTR9E4 ,!SE >E B\ND UP ONLY ) ! PROLET>IAT1 SO LONG AS IT IS A PROLET>IAT2 !Y >E HI/ORICALLY CONDITION$4 ,HI/ORICAL MAT]IALISM1 ! !ORY ( ! CLASS /RUGGLE & ! !ORY ( SURPLUS VALUE >E ONLY CONCEIVABLE & PRACTICALLY APPLICABLE 9 B\RGEOIS SOCIETY 7PAGES #i#g-#i#h74 ,!Y >E ! !ORETICAL WEAPONS ( ! /RONGE/ =CE ( PRODUCTION - ! PROLET>IAT4 ,!Y HELP 9 ! FULL DEVELOPM5T & REALIZATION ( ?IS GREATE/ =CE ( PRODUCTION & >E ?US1 9 A MAT]IALI/IC S5SE1 !MSELVES NO?+ MORE ?AN PRODUCTIVE ELEM5TS4 ,H[EV]1 EV5 :AT ,HOOK D5OTES BY ! CONCEPT 0OBJECTIVE SCI5CE0 IS1 RATIONALLY CONSID]$1 NO?+ BUT AN EXPRESSION ( ! 9CREAS+ =CES ( PRODUCTION4 ,BEH9D SCI5CE >E CONCEAL$ ! SOCIAL =CES ( PRODUCTION2 IF !SE LATT] DEVELOP1 SO ALSO SCI5CE1 & LIKEWISE1 9 DIALECTICAL 9T]ACTION1 ! REV]SE PROCESS IS ACCOMPLI%$4 ,HOOK WILL NO D\BT GRANT US ?AT SCI5CE MU/ BE RECKON$ AMONG ! HUMAN =CES ( PRODUCTION1 BUT HIS CL\DY DEF9ITION ( SCI5CE & O!R FACTORS :I* WE %ALL TAKE UP LAT] ON PROVE ?AT HIS M9D IS NOT CLE> REG>D+ ! CLOSE CONNECTION BETWE5 SCI5CE & ! =CES ( PRODUCTION4 ,YET IF ONE HAS RECOGNIZ$ SCI5CE AS A =CE ( PRODUCTION1 ONE SEES ALSO ?AT EV5 0SCI5CE AS SU*0 /&S AS LITTLE ABOVE CLASSES & IS EXACTLY AS HI/ORICALLY CONDITION$ AS ! HI/ORICAL FACTORS ( ,M>XISM1 :I* >E VALID ONLY = ! SOCIETY ( CLASS /RUGGLE4 ,OR1 9V]SELY1 ?AT ! HI/ORICAL ELEM5TS ( ,M>XISM1 AS SOCIAL =CES ( PRODUCTION1 ONLY ADD NEW ONES TO ! AVAILABLE PRODUCTIVE =CES1 OR TO 0OBJECTIVE SCI5CE10 & SO >E A P>T ( SCI5CE4 ,IF COMMODITY FETI%ISM WAS ONE =M 9 :I* ! SOCIAL =CES ( PRODUCTION DEVELOP$1 !N ,M>XISM IS A HI<] =M ( ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! PRODUCTIVE =CES4 ,IF ONE WANTS TO ILLU/RATE ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! ,M>XIAN DIALECTIC1 ONE CAN )\T D\BT TAKE ! ROAD FOLL[$ BY ,HOOK & DRAW A DI/9CTION BETWE5 OBJECTIVE & SUBJECTIVE SCI5CE4 ,BUT ON ! BASIS ( ! DIALECTIC :I* FLATLY REJECTS SU* A DI/9CTION1 ONE CAN NO LONG] APPEAL TO ?AT DI/9CTION EXCEPT AT ! RISK ( 9TRODUC+ CONFUSION 9TO ! RANKS ( ,M>XISM4 ,! DIVORCE BETWE5 0SCI5CE0 & ,M>XISM IS ITSELF HI/ORICAL & ONLY ANO!R EXPRESSION = ! SEP>ATION ( ! WORK]S FROM ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION4 ,I,I ,9 HIS ESSAY ,! ,P>T ,PLAY$ BY ,LABOR 9 ! ,APE'S ,EVOLUTION TO ,MAN 7#a#h#g#f7 ,FRI$RI* ,5GELS WROTE 9 BRIEF ! FOLL[+3 0,LABOR FIR/1 & 9 CLOSE /EP ) IT1 SPEE* 444 ?OSE >E ! TWO ESS5TIAL /IMULI UND] ! 9FLU5CE ( :I* ! BRA9 ( AN APE PASS$ OV] GRADUALLY 9TO ?AT ( A MAN4 ,) ! CULTIVATION ( ! BRA9 W5T H& 9 H& ! CULTIVATION ( ! S5SE ORGANS 4444 ,! REACTIVE EFFECT ( ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! BRA9 & ITS SUBJECT S5SE ( CONSCI\SNESS GR[+ CLE>] & CLE>]1 ( ! CAPACITY = AB/RACTION & =M+ CONCLUSION1 UPON LABOR & SPEE* 444 ALL ( ?IS S]V$ CONT9UALLY TO 9DUCE ! FUR!R DEVELOPM5T ( !SE TWO =CES2 A DEVELOPM5T :I* NEV] CAME TO A CLOSE & :I*1 ON ! ONE H&1 WAS P[]FULLY PROMOT$ &1 ON ! O!R1 SWUNG 9 A MORE DEF9ITE DIRECTION BY ! NEW ELEM5T ADD$ ON ) ! APPE>ANCE ( ! F9I%$ MAN 444 NAMELY1 SOCIETY40 ,?US1 9 ?IS OP9ION1 CONSCI\SNESS & SCI5CE HAS ITS BASIS 9 ! DEVELOPM5T ( LABOR1 OR ! GR[? ( ! HUMAN-SOCIAL =CES ( PRODUCTION4 ,IT IS FIR/ ! LABOR ( MAN APPLI$ TO ! WORLD EXI/+ 9DEP5D5TLY ( MAN :I* FA%IONS ! CONTRADICTION BETWE5 BE+ & CONSCI\SNESS1 A CONTRADICTION1 MOREOV]1 :I* CANNOT BE DONE AWAY ) EXCEPT ?R\< ! ELIM9ATION ( LABOR4 ,?R\< ! GR[? ( ! PRODUCTIVE =CES1 BR++ ) IT A *ANGE 9 ! =MS 9 :I* ! MAT]IAL 9T]ACTION BETWE5 MAN & NATURE IS ACCOMPLI%$1 NATURE1 SOCIETY & CONSCI\SNESS1 MUTUALLY 9T]ACT+1 ALSO *ANGE4 ,IT IS ONLY BECAUSE ( ! FACT ?AT MAN ALT]S EXT]NAL NATURE BY MEANS ( LABOR ?AT HIS [N NATURE & ! :OLE COMPLEX ( HIS LIFE & 9T]E/S >E ALT]$1 & !SE HAV+ BE5 *ANG$1 !Y *ANGE AGA9 ! EXT]NAL WORLD4 ,IF ! HUMAN-ACTIVE ELEM5T IS AT FIR/ ONLY ! MO/ PRIMITIVE1 CORPOREAL ACTIVITY1 YET 9 CONNECTION ) ?AT ACTIVITY >ISES 9TELLIG5CE1 :I* BY REACTION TRANS=MS ! SIMPLE ACTIVITY 9TO ! MORE COMPLICAT$4 ,FROM ?IS PO9T ( VIEW1 0SCI5CE0 /&S ABOVE CLASSES ONLY 9 ?AT1 LIKE LABOR1 IT PROGRESSIVELY DEVELOPS ) ! =CES ( PRODUCTION 9 ALL =MS ( SOCIAL LIFE2 = ! NECESSITY ( LABOR REMA9S 9TACT 9 ANY =M ( SOCIETY4 ,BUT ! MORE ! PRODUCTIVE =CES DEVELOP1 ! MORE DOES ! SOCIAL ELEM5TS CONDITION ! TOTAL PROCESS ( DEVELOPM5T4 ,M>X PO9T$ \T1 = EXAMPLE1 ! FACT ?AT 09 ALL =MS ( SOCIETY :]E PROP]TY 9 L& PREVAILS1 ! NATURAL RELATION IS /ILL PR$OM9ANT2 BUT 9 ?OSE :]E CAPITAL PREVAILS1 ! SOCIAL ELEM5T \TWEILY REVEAL$ BY ,M>X 9 ! ,FEU]BA* SECTION ( ,DIE ,DEUTS*E ,IDEOLOGIE1 :]E HE SAYS3 0,! DIVISION ( LABOR REALLY BECOMES A DIVISION ONLY FROM ! MOM5T :5 A DIVISION 5T]S BETWE5 MAT]IAL & 9TELLECTUAL LABOR4 ,FROM ?AT MOM5T1 CONSCI\SNESS CAN REALLY FANCY ITSELF AS SOME?+ O!R ?AN ! CONSCI\SNESS ( EXI/+ PRACTICE40 ,) ! ACCEL]AT$ GR[? ( ! PRODUCTIVE =CES UND] CAPITALISM1 !IR !ORETICAL EXPRESSION1 0SCI5CE10 ALSO UND]W5T SU* A DEVELOPM5T ?AT ITS [N 9FLU5CE UPON ! TOTAL PROCESS GREW MORE & MORE SIGNIFICANT4 ,& AS =M]LY LABOR DEVELOP$ NEW MOM5TS - ! S5SES & CONSCI\SNESS - SO LAT] SCI5CE ALSO DEVELOP$ NEW T5D5CIES PECULI> TO ITSELF1 :I*1 H[EV]1 LEAVE UNT\*$ ! BASIC FACT ?AT SCI5CE IS CONDITION$ BY ! SOCIAL NE$S1 :I* 9 TURN DEP5D ON ! /AGE ( DEVELOPM5T ( ! PRODUCTIVE =CES4 ,NO?+ P]HAPS %[S ?IS DEP5D5CE MORE CLE>LY ?AN ! PRES5T G5]AL CRISIS ( B\RGEOIS SCI5CE1 :I* RUNS P>ALLEL ) ! G5]AL ECONOMIC CRISIS ( CAPITAL4 ,IF CAPITALISM RE/RICTS ! FUR!R UNFOLD+ ( ! PRODUCTIVE =CES1 IT ALSO RE/RICTS ! EXT5SION ( SCI5CE4 ,NEI!R ! ONE NOR ! O!R CAN ?R[ (F ITS FETT]S EXCEPT ?R\< ! PROLET>IAN REVOLUTION2 :I* IS TO SAY ?AT ONLY ?IS REVOLUTION CAN /ILL BE REG>D$ AS 0OBJECTIVE SCI5CE40 ,! FUR!R DEVELOPM5T ( ! RATIONAL ELEM5TS IMMAN5T 9 SCI5CE1 ?AT IS1 ( ! SOCIAL =CES ( PRODUCTION1 IS ! HI/ORICAL MISSION ( ! WORK+ CLASS1 :I* ACCORD+LY IS TO BE ID5TIFI$ ) SCI5CE4 ,! SCI5TI/S !MSELVES BECOME REVOLUTIONI/S1 OR ELSE !Y CEASE TO BE SCI5TI/S4 ,I,I,I ,! RE=MI/ ID5TIFICATION ( 0SCI5CE0 ) 0,M>XISM10 :I* ,HOOK REG>DS 7PAGE #b#e7 AS ONE ( ! REASONS = ! TURN+ AWAY ( ! OLD LABOR MOVEM5T FROM TRUE ,M>XISM1 HAS ITS ORIG9 NOT 9 0MISUND]/&+0 OR 9 ! FALSE 9T]PRETATION ( ,M>XISM1 BUT 9 ! ACTUAL FACT ( ! 9CREAS+ CAPITALIZATION ( ! OLD LABOR MOVEM5T4 ,IT IS REALLY NOT A QUE/ION H]E ( AN ID5TIFICATION1 BUT ( ! ACCEPTANCE ( B\RGEOIS SCI5CE1 TOGE!R ) ! ACCEPTANCE ( ! B\RGEOIS RELATIONS 9 :I* ONE F\E ( ! SURPLUS VALUE4 ,M>XISM WAS NOT CONV]T$ 9TO A SCI5CE BUT1 FIR/ PRACTICALLY & !N ALSO !ORETICALLY1 COMPLETELY AB&ON$4 ,S9CE CAPITAL RELEAS$ ! =CES ( PRODUCTION & ALSO DEVELOP$ SCI5CE1 & AT ! SAME TIME MADE LIFE1 9 SO F> AS 0,(FICIAL ,M>XISM0 WAS CONC]N$1 A CONT9UAL FEA/1 RE=MISM ID5TIFI$ ITSELF ) ?IS DEVELOPM5T4 ,! CAPITALI/ WORLD WAS ALSO ! WORLD ( RE=MISM1 :I* SAW 9 ! DEVELOPM5T ( ?IS CAPITALI/ WORLD & ( ITS SCI5CE ! DEVELOP+ 0ABSOLUTE CONSCI\SNESS0 :I* ONE DAY W\LD U%] 9 SOCIALISM ?R\< ! M]E *ANGE ( PLACE BETWE5 PRIVATE CAPITAL & ! BUREAUCRATIC /ATE1 & :I* SAW 9 HI/ORICAL DEVELOPM5T NO?+ BUT ! ADAPTATION ( ! TRUE RELATION ?R\< ! SPIRIT4 ,?IS IDEOLOGY WAS HI/ORICALLY B\ND UP ) ! UPGRADE P]IOD ( CAPITALISM & WAS ONLY ! 9TELLECTUAL EXPRESSION ( ! ECONOMIC C\NT]-T5D5CIES :I* DELAY$ ! RAPID COLLAPSE ( ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM4 ,9 ! CAPITALI/ CRISIS1 ! ID5TIFICATION ( ,M>XISM ) SCI5CE IS NOT ONLY ! SUBJECTIVE CLASS EXPRESSION ( ! PROLET>IAT BUT ACTUALLY1 REALLY ! ONLY SCI5CE1 = ONLY ,M>XISM ADMITS ANY LONG] ( A PROGRESSIVE SOCIAL PRACTICE4 ,:E!R A ?+ IS 0TRUE10 7NOT = ET]NITY1 BUT = ! TIME-CONDITION$ PROCESS ( MAT]IAL 9T]ACTION BETWE5 MAN & NATURE1 A PROCESS :OSE =M IS CONT9UALLY *ANG+71 IS REVEAL$ ONLY BY PRACTICE4 ,SO LONG AS SCI5CE FUR!R$ ! =CES ( PRODUCTION & !SE 9 TURN PROMOT$ SCI5CE1 ?IS 7B\RGEOIS7 SCI5CE WAS OBJECTIVE & 0TRUE10 S9CE IT 5ABL$ A PRACTICE & WAS AT ! SAME TIME A RESULT ( ?IS PRACTICE4 ,EV5 ?\< *ANGE OCCURR$ ) FALSE CONSCI\SNESS1 S9CE CLASS SOCIETY SETS IDEOLOGY 9 PLACE ( CONSCI\SNESS1 *ANGE OCCURR$4 ,& IF REALITY WAS *ANG$1 SO NECESS>ILY ALSO CONSCI\SNESS1 :I* EXPRESSES ITSELF 9 ! WEAK5+ ( CAPITALI/ IDEOLOGY4 ,! LEVEL ( ! PRODUCTIVE =CES 9 CAPITALISM1 ! CAPITALI/IC RELATION ( PRODUCTION1 B\RGEOIS SCI5CE 9 ALL ITS ASPECTS1 ?AT WAS 0OBJECTIVE0 SCI5CE3 SCI5CE PROP]4 ,IT IS FAC$ BY ! PROLET>IAT AS ITS ANTI!SIS4 ,= ! PROLET>IAT 9 ! ADVANC+ /AGE ( CAPITALISM1 !RE WAS NO SCI5CE AT ALL1 ! PROLET>IAT /ILL HAD NO PRACTICE ( ITS [N4 ,! 0CLASS /RUGGLE10 :I* WAS HELD 9 LEA% BY RE=MISM1 L5T VIGOR ONLY TO B\RGEOIS SCI5CE1 BECAUSE ?AT /RUGGLE TOO S]V$ AS AN 9C5TIVE TO ! FUR!R DEVELOPM5T ( ! PRODUCTIVE =CES UND] CAPITALISM4 ,IF ! WAGES ( ! WORK]S 9CREAS$1 ! EXPLOITATION 9CREAS$ FA/]4 ,?IS PRACTICE1 TOO1 WAS A ?OR\Y 9 ORD] TO DEVELOP ! CAPITALI/IC PRODUCTIVE =CES QUANTITATIVELY TO SU* AN EXT5T ?AT ! PRODUCTIVE RELATIONS >E OBLIG$ TO ASSUME O!R =MS4 ,& FIR/ AT ! PO9T :I* M>KS ! LIMIT ( CAPITALI/ DEVELOPM5T ( ! PRODUCTIVE =CES1 ONLY !N IS ! CLASS /RUGGLE DIVORC$ FROM B\RGEOIS PRACTICE & H5CE1 BECAUSE ! CLASS /RUGGLE ?R\< ?IS DIVORCE DOES AWAY ) EV]Y B\RGEOIS PRACTICE1 IT BECOMES ! ONLY PRACTICE3 ! CLASS /RUGGLE BECOMES SCI5CE4 ,& AT ?IS PO9T1 NO?+ \TSIDE ( ?IS /RUGGLE IS SCI5CE ANY LONG]4 ,! NEGATION ( ! NEGATION DET]M9ES1 ) ! DISAPPE>ANCE ( B\RGEOISIE & PROLET>IAT & !IR CONV]SION TO HUMAN BE+S1 ALSO ! DISAPPE>ANCE ( 0OBJECTIVE0 & 0SUBJECTIVE0 CONCEPTS ( SCI5CE & !IR CONV]SION TO 0SCI5CE10 ! RATIONAL ELEM5TS ( :I* !N =M ITS NATURAL & OBVI\S CONT5T4 ,IF ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION 9 CAPITALISM APPE> 9 ! =M ( CAPITAL1 IF LABOR P[] APPE>S AS CAPITAL1 SO NO LESS DOES SCI5CE4 ,! TASK ( ! PROLET>IAT CONSI/S 9 ?R[+ (F ! CAPITAL RELATION4 ,EV5 9 !IR FETI%I/IC1 !IR CAPITALI/IC 9TEGUM5T ! =CES ( PRODUCTION1 & H5CE ALSO SCI5CE1 >E ?OR\< GO+ REALITIES1 ! FETI%ISM BE+ ( C\RSE ONLY ! OBJECTIFI$ RELATION BETWE5 P]SONS :O MAKE NO DIFF]5CE 9 ! MAT]IAL *>ACT] ( ! ACTUAL ELEM5TS ( LIFE4 ,! PROLET>IAT OPPOSES NO?+ TO !SE REALITIES1 BUT M]ELY RELEASES !M FROM !IR FETI%I/IC 9TEGUM5TS4 0,ITS [N SOCIAL MOVEM5T10 SAYS ,M>X1 SPEAK+ ( CAPITALI/ SOCIETY1 0SEEMS TO IT TO POSSESS ! =M ( A MOVEM5T ( ?+S BY :I* IT IS CONTROLL$ 9/EAD ( CONTROLL+ !M40 ,COMMUNISM1 ! PROLET>IAT1 ABOLI%ES ?IS FETI%ISM1 :I*1 9 FACT1 WAS CAPABLE ( DEVELOP+ ! PRODUCTIVE =CES ONLY = AN HI/ORICAL P]IOD & :I*1 ?R\< ! ACCUMULATION ( ?IS PROCESS1 IS CONV]T$ 9TO ITS OPPOSITE1 9TO A H9DRANCE TO ! FUR!R DEVELOPM5T ( ! PRODUCTIVE =CES4 ,I,V ,B\RGEOIS SCI5CE MEANT A PROGRESSIVE SOCIAL PRACTICE2 9 SO F> AS IT HELP$ TO DEVELOP ! SOCIAL =CES ( PRODUCTION1 IT /OOD 0ABOVE CLASSES40 ,IT WAS A /AGE 9 ! PROCESS ( G5]AL DEVELOPM5T1 & SO LONG AS IT DID NOT PRACTICALLY RE/RA9 ! PROCESS1 ! ATTA9$ /AGE ( SCI5CE4 ,M>X OPPOS$ TO ! SCI5CE ( ! B\RGEOISIE NOT ?AT ( ! PROLET>IAT BUT ! REVOLUTION4 ,LIKEWISE HE OPPOS$ TO ,HEGEL'S DIALECTIC NOT A DIALECTIC ( ! PROLET>IAT1 BUT ! PROLET>IAT WAS TO HIM ! ACTUALIZATION ( ! DIALECTICAL PROCESS ( DEVELOPM5T ( CAPITALI/ SOCIETY4 ,FROM ! REALM ( ! CONCEPT HE TRANSPLANT$ DIALECTICS 9TO ! REALM ( REALITY1 JU/ AS HE DID NOT SET OV] AGA9/ ! B\RGEOIS !ORY ( VALUE ! !ORY ( VALUE ( ! PROLET>IAT1 BUT BY UNCOV]+ ! FETI%ISM ( COMMODITIES HE REVEAL$ ! ACTUAL CONT5T ( VALUE4 ,B\RGEOIS PHILOSOPHY C\LD NOT GO BEYOND ,HEGEL2 COMMODITY FETI%ISM =BIDS ! MAT]IALIZ+ ( DIALECTIC1 JU/ AS ! IDEALI/ DIALECTIC1 ECONOMICALLY EXPRESS$1 IS NO?+ BUT ! FETI%ISM ( COMMODITIES4 ,ONLY ! EXI/5CE ( ! PROLET>IAT 5ABL$ ! MAT]IALIZATION ( DIALECTIC1 MADE ,M>XISM POSSIBLE4 ,! P]IOD ( ! CLASS /RUGGLE NECESS>ILY /ILL CONTA9S B\RGEOIS ELEM5TS & WILL CONT9UE TO DO SO UNTIL IT IS 5D$4 ,BUT ! GR[? ( ! CLASS /RUGGLE IS ALREADY ! PROCESS ( ACTUALIZATION ( ! NEW SOCIETY4 ,! VICTORI\S REVOLUTION 5DS ) ! COMPLETE DE/RUCTION ( B\RGEOIS SCI5CE1 = !N ! PROLET>IAT :I* CEASES TO BE PROLET>IAT1 HAS COMPLETELY TAK5 UP 9TO ITSELF ! RATIONAL ELEM5TS ( ?AT SCI5CE4 ,BY WAY ( SUMM>Y1 ONE MIXISM1 SCI5CE1 9 ! LA/ ANALYSIS1 IS ACCUMULAT$ HUMAN LABOR4 ,A C]TA9 QUANTITY ( HUMAN-SOCIAL LABOR ALT]S1 ?AT IS1 5L>GES1 9CREASES1 ! SOCIAL =CES ( PRODUCTION4 ,?IS NECESSITATES A *ANGE 9 ! RELATIONS ( PRODUCTION1 & ?IS 9 TURN ! *ANGE ( ! :OLE 9TELLECTUAL SUP]/RUCTURE4 ,! PRODUCTIVE RELATIONS1 BY REACTION1 AGA9 CONDITION ! LABOR PROCESS & LEAD TO EV] NEW1 PROGRESSIVE \T] =MS4 ,IF ,M>X NEV] TIR$1 AS ,HOOK 9SI/S 7PAGE #h#e71 ( DI/+UI%+ BETWE5 ! NATURAL PROCESSES ( DEVELOPM5T & ?OSE ( MAN 9 SOCIETY1 IT WAS BECAUSE ,M>X'S MAT]IALI/IC DIALECTIC CONSI/S 9 PO9T+ \T ! MANN] 9 :I*1 ?R\<\T ALL =MS ( SOCIETY1 ! PROCESS ( 9T]ACTION BETWE5 MAN & NATURE DEVELOPS ! PRODUCTIVE =CES4 ,?IS PROCESS IS ILLU/RAT$ 9 ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! =MS ( PRODUCTION1 ?AT IS1 H[ & ) :AT 9/RUM5TS & ME?ODS PRODUCTION IS C>RI$ ON4 ,! DET]M9+ CONTRADICTION IS ! ONE BETWE5 MAN & NATURE1 BETWE5 BE+ & CONSCI\SNESS1 & ?IS CONTRADICTION DEVELOP$ \T ( LABOR4 ,)9 ?IS PROCESS NEW CONTRADICTIONS DEVELOP1 :I* BY REACTION AGA9 DRIVE ! G5]AL PROCESS F>!R =W>D4 ,9 ?IS PROCESS ! CONSCI\S FACTORS BECOME DEVELOP$ TO SU* AN EXT5T1 ESPECIALLY ?R\< ! SOCIAL DIVISION ( LABOR1 ?AT !RE IS NO LONG] ANY S5SE 9 DI/+UI%+ BETWE5 CAUSE & EFFECT2 ANY SEP>ATION BETWE5 BE+ & CONSCI\SNESS HAS BECOME IMPOSSIBLE - !Y >E ALWAYS FUS+4 ,! ?+ TAK5 AS A BASE HAS NO?+ TO DO ANY MORE ) \R 5D RESULTS1 & !SE 5D RESULTS >E ALWAYS =M+ NEW />T+ PO9TS1 SO ?AT TO BE CONT9UALLY DI/+UI%+ BETWE5 CAUSE & EFFECT BECOMES IMPOSSIBLE4 ,& YET 9 ?IS DIALECTICAL PROCESS ! F9AL BASIS CONT9UES TO BE ! HUMAN NECESSITIES ( LIFE2 IT REMA9S MAT]IAL1 ACTUAL4 ,:AT HOLDS = ! PA/ HOLDS ALSO = ! PRES5T1 :I* P]MITT$ ,M>X1 9 ,CAPITAL1 TO SAY = ! FUTURE ALSO3 0,! REALM ( FRE$OM BEG9S1 9 REALITY1 ONLY !RE :]E ?AT LABOR1 :I* IS DET]M9$ ?R\< NE$ & \T] PURPOSIV5ESS NO LONG] EXI/S2 H5CE IT LIES1 FROM ! NATURE ( ?+S1 BEYOND ! SPH]E ( REAL MAT]IAL PRODUCTION 444 ,FRE$OM H]E CAN ONLY CONSI/ 9 ! FACT ?AT SOCIALIZ$ MAN1 ! ASSOCIAT$ PRODUC]S1 RATIONALLY REGULATE ?IS 9T]ACTION BETWE5 !MSELVES & NATURE1 BR+ IT UND] !IR COMMUNAL CONTROL1 9/EAD ( BE+ RUL$ BY IT AS BY A BL9D P[]2 ACCOMPLI% IT ) ! LEA/ EXP5DITURE ( 5]GY & UND] CONDITION MO/ WOR?Y ( & ADEQUATE ( !IR HUMAN NATURE4 ,BUT ?IS ALWAYS REMA9S A REALM ( NECESSITY4 ,BEYOND IT BEG9S ?AT DEVELOPM5T ( HUMAN =CE :I* S]VES AS ITS [N 5D 444 ! TRUE REALM ( FRE$OM1 :I*1 H[EV]1 CAN FL\RI% ONLY UPON ?AT REALM ( NECESSITY AS ITS BASE40 ,V ,9 ! PREFACE TO HIS BOOK1 ,HOOK 7PAGE X7 HAS TAK5 PA9S TO ANTICIPATE ! REPROA* ( SMUGGL+ IDEALI/IC FACTORS 9TO ,M>XISM4 ,BUT HIS DIALECTIC1 :I* FAILS TO TAKE A RATIONAL VIEW ( SCI5CE & :I* IS A PURELY CONCEPTUAL ONE1 IS BOGG$ 9 IDEALISM NONE ! LESS4 ,HE DOESN'T KN[1 = 9/ANCE1 :AT TO LOOK = BEH9D ! CATEGORY VALUE OR BEH9D POLITICAL ECONOMY4 ,9 HIS DI/9CTION BETWE5 0SCI5CE0 & 0,M>XISM0 ON A PURELY SCI5TIFIC BASIS1 HE HAS ACTUALLY GOT NO FUR!R ?AN ,HEGEL4 ,! !ORETICAL SCI5CE ( ! PROLET>IAT IS EI!R PRACTICE OR IS NOT SCI5CE4 ,! ,M>XIAN DIALECTIC IS NOT A SPECIAL1 0SUBJECTIVE0 SCI5CE2 IT IS ! PRACTICE ( ! PROLET>IAN REVOLUTION1 & !ORETICAL ONLY 9S(> AS ?IS !ORY IS CONCRETE1 ACTUAL PRACTICE4 ,?AT ,HOOK IS F> FROM BE+ CLE> ON ?IS PO9T IS PROV$ BY ! FACT ?AT AL?\< HE IS WILL+ TO HAVE A DI/9CTION MADE BETWE5 SCI5CE & ,M>XISM1 HE REJECTS ! APPLICATION ( ?IS DI/9CTION 9 REG>DS TO ECONOMY4 ,FROM \R /&PO9T1 !RE IS NO DI/9CTION TO BE MADE BETWE5 SCI5CE & ,M>XISM1 & H5CE ALSO NONE BETWE5 ECONOMICS & POLITICAL ECONOMY4 ,BUT ! REFUSAL ( ?IS DI/9CTION = ECONOMICS1 :ILE ALL[+ IT TO SCI5CE1 IS1 ON ! BASIS ( ! ,HOOK >GUM5TATION1 A SIGN ( COMPLETE CONFUSION & A ?R[BACK 9TO IDEALI/ DIALECTICS4 ,:51 = EXAMPLE1 ,HOOK REPROA*ES ,5GELS ) L5D+ SUPPORT TO RE=MISM1 :I* MADE ,M>XISM A SCI5CE1 ?R\< HIS MONI/IC T5D5CY1 :I* COMES TO LILY 9 HIS PREFACE TO ! SECOND & ?IRD VOLUMES ( ,CAPITAL1 ,HOOK ILLU/RATES ONLY HIS [N 9COMPLETE GRASP ( ! REAL NATURE ( ,M>XISM4 ,HE WRITES 7PAGES #b#i-#c73 0,BUT MORE IMPORTANT /ILL1 9 BR++ TO COMPLETION & PUBLI%+ ! SECOND & ?IRD VOLUMES ( ,DAS ,KAPITAL ,5GELS GAVE F9AL CURR5CY TO ! NOTION ?AT ! ECONOMIC !ORIES ( ,M>X CON/ITUT$ A HYPO!TIC-D$UCTIVE SY/EM ( ! TYPE EXEMPLIFI$ BY SCI5TIFIC !ORIES OB]HAUPT1 9/EAD ( BE+ AN ILLU/RATION ( A ME?OD ( REVOLUTION>Y CRITICISM4 ,9 SO DO+ ,5GELS FAIL$ TO DEVELOP ! IMPORTANT SOCIOLOGICAL & PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS ( ,M>X'S DOCTR9E ( ! 0FETI%ISM ( COMMODITIES40 ,HE DEVOT$ HIMSELF TO ! TASK ( EXPLA9+ H[ ! LAW ( ! FALL+ RATE ( PR(IT C\LD BE SQU>$ BO? ) ! EMPIRICAL FACT ?AT ! RATE ( PR(IT WAS ! SAME IRRESPECTIVE ( ! ORGANIC COMPOSITION ( CAPITAL1 & ) ! LABOR-P[] DEF9ITION ( EX*ANGE VALUE 444 0,NO:]E1 SO F> AS ,I KN[1 DOES ,5GELS PROP]LY COMM5T ON ,M>X'S [N WORDS 9 ! PREFACE TO ! SECOND $ITION ( ! FIR/ VOLUME1 '?AT POLITICAL ECONOMY CAN REMA9 A SCI5CE ONLY SO LONG AS ! CLASS /RUGGLE IS LAT5T OR MANIFE/S ITSELF ONLY 9 ISOLAT$ OR SPORADIC PH5OM5A'4 ,IT CANNOT BE TOO /RONGLY 9SI/$ UPON ?AT ,M>X DID NOT CONCEIVE ,DAS ,KAPITAL TO BE A D$UCTIVE EXPOSITION ( AN OBJECTIVE NATURAL SY/EM ( POLITICAL ECONOMY1 BUT A CRITICAL ANALYSIS - SOCIOLOGICAL & HI/ORICAL - ( A SY/EM :I* REG>D$ ITSELF AS OBJECTIVE4 ,ITS SUB-TITLE IS ,KRITIK D] ,POLITIS*5 ,OKONOMIE4 ,CRITICISM DEM&S A /&PO9T1 A POSITION4 ,M>X'S /&PO9T WAS ! /&PO9T ( ! CLASSCONSCI\S PROLET>IAT ( ,WE/]N ,EUROPE4 ,HIS POSITION IMPLI$ ?AT A SY/EM ( ECONOMICS AT BASIS ALWAYS IS A CLASS ECONOMICS40 ,LAT]1 ,HOOK GOES ON TO ASS]T1 ,5GELS P]CEIV$ HIS ]ROR2 & ,HOOK PRODUCES 9 ! APP5DIX ( HIS BOOK A S]IES ( ,5GEL'S LETT]S DESIGN$ TO CONFIRM ?IS /ATEM5T4 ,BUT IT IS IMPOSSIBLE1 EV5 = ,HOOK HIMSELF1 TO GET MORE \T ( !SE LETT]S ?AN ?AT ,5GELS H]E LAM5TS ! FACT ?AT ,M>X & HIMSELF1 9 ! PRESS ( WORK1 HAD DEVOT$ TOO LITTLE ATT5TION TO ! SUBJECTIVE MOM5TS ( HI/ORY4 ,!RE IS NOT A WORD ( REVISION ( ! /&PO9T REPRES5T$ BY HIM 9 ! PREFACE TO ,CAPITAL1 :I* WAS REG>D$ !RE NOT ONLY AS A CRITIQUE ( POLITICAL ECONOMY BUT ! ANALYSIS ( ! LAWS ( SOCIAL MOVEM5T 9 G5]AL4 ,ACCORD+ TO ,HOOK1 ,DAS ,KAPITAL CONSI/$ ONLY 9 A CRITIQUE ( POLITICAL ECONOMY1 :I* REVEAL$ FROM ! /&PO9T ( ! PROLET>IAT ! PURELY HI/ORICAL *>ACT] ( CAPITAL4 ,BUT H[ DOES ?IS CRITIQUE REVEAL ! TRANSITORY *>ACT] ( CAPITALI/ PRODUCTION8 ,:Y IS CRITICISM ABLE TO UNCOV] ?IS8 0,BECAUSE ! PROLET>IAT WANTS TO *ANGE SOCIETY10 ,HOOK 9 EFFECT ASS]TS LAT]1 0!RE=E ! WILL DISCOV]S 9 ! MODE ( ECONOMIC PRODUCTION ! DECISIVE FACTOR 9 SOCIAL LIFE40 7PAGE #a#h#a74 ,TO ,M>X1 H[EV]1 IT IS NOT ! WILL BUT ! EXI/5CE ( ! PROLET>IAT1 NOT ! RELATIONS ( PRODUCTION1 BUT ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! PRODUCTIVE =CES1 7:I* DET]M9ES ! WILL+ AS IT DET]M9ES ! SOCIAL RELATIONS71 :I* IS ! />T+ PO9T = HIS HI/ORICAL SURVEY4 ,DAS ,KAPITAL REVEALS ! BROAD] CONTRADICTION BETWE5 MAN & NATURE AS A CONTRADICTION :I* ALL SOCIAL ORD]S HAVE CONDITION$ & :I* COMPELL$ ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! PRODUCTIVE =CES4 ,IT 9DICATES TOO ! N>R[] CONTRADICTIONS >IS+ )9 ?IS PROCESS BY :I* RELATIONS ( PRODUCTION >E =M$ & AGA9 DE/ROY$4 ,IF B\RGEOIS SCI5CE TO ,HOOK IS NOT ! ONLY SCI5CE1 SCI5CE OB]HAUPT1 !N HE HAS NO RID B\RGEOIS POLITICAL ECONOMY AS ECONOMICS OB]HAUPT4 ,BUT :]EAS 9 ! =M] CASE1 FOLL[+ ,HOOK1 SCI5CE /&S ABOVE CLASSES1 ONE IS NOT JU/IFI$1 AGA9 ACCORD+ TO ,HOOK1 9 SETT+ ECONOMICS ABOVE CLASSES4 ,TO US1 H[EV]1 POLITICAL ECONOMY1 LIKE B\RGEOIS SCI5CE IS AN ATTA9$ LEVEL ( G5]AL HUMAN DEVELOPM5T1 OBJECTIVE & TRUE 9S(> AS IT IS PROGRESSIVE4 ,TO RECOGNIZE IT AS AN HI/ORICAL LEVEL PRESUPPOSES A KN[L$GE ( ! *>ACT]1 ! G5]AL TRAITS1 ( ! LAWS ( SOCIAL *ANGE4 ,?IS RECOGNITION WAS H9D]$ ?R\< CLASS RULE2 IT WAS FIR/ ! EXI/5CE ( ! PROLET>IAT AS A CLASS :I* ABOLI%ES ALL CLASSES1 :I* 5ABL$ AW>5ESS ( ! LAWS ( SOCIAL *ANGE1 AN AW>5ESS :I*1 H[EV]1 MU/ FIR/ BECOME PRACTICAL TO 5ABLE LIV+ 9 ACCORDANCE ) ?OSE LAWS4 ,POLITICAL ECONOMY IS NOT AN ET]NAL CATEGORY1 = ! REASON ?AT IT IS ONLY ! V]D+LI*TE1 OBJECTIFI$ 7EX*ANGE7-RELATION BETWE5 HUMAN BE+S :O OV]%AD[ ! REAL CONT5T ( ECONOMICS4 ,! ECONOMIC CATEGORIES ) :I* ,M>X OP]AT$ W]E OBJECTIVELY GIV52 !Y BELONG TO B\RGEOIS SOCIETY4 ,M>X'S CRITIQUE CONSI/$ 9 ! FACT ?AT HE ILLUM9$ !M ) ! CORRECT CONSCI\SNESS1 ?AT ( ! PROLET>IAT1 NOT ) ! NECESS>ILY FALSE ONE ( ! B\RGEOISIE4 ,! FETI%I/IC1 FALSE CONSCI\SNESS CONDITION$ BY ! LEVEL ( ! PRODUCTIVE =CES1 & :I* HAD TO /OP ) ,HEGEL1 ,RIC>DO1 & ,ADAM ,SMI?1 C\LD NOT1 LIKE ,M>X1 :O SAW 9 ! PROLET>IAT ! ANTI!SIS ( B\RGEOIS SOCIETY1 !ORETICALLY SEE ! SYN!SIS :I* FIR/ DISCLOS$ ! FEATURE COMMON TO ALL SOCIETIES4 ,M>X PO9T$ \T1 = EXAMPLE1 H[ MANUFACTURE DEVELOP$ \T ( ! SOCIAL DIVISION ( LABOR1 \T ( MANUFACTURE ! MOD]N FACTORY SY/EM1 :I* 9 TURN PRESSES ON TO BECOME MONOPOLY CAPITAL4 ,! DYNAMICI/1 ,M>X1 DIRECT$ HIMSELF TO SU* A 0S5SELESS0 MATT] AS SIMPLE REPRODUCTION M]ELY TO PROVE ! IMPOSSIBILITY ( ! ?+4 ,9 ALL ( :I* ,M>X WI%$ TO %[ ?AT ! PRODUCTIVE =CES >E ! BASIS ( ALL RELATIONS ( PRODUCTION4 ,9 COMMUNISM TOO1 ! PRODUCTIVE =CES1 0ECONOMICS10 WILL BE FUR!R DEVELOP$4 ,IF ! 9CREAS+ PRODUCTIVE =CES BR+ AB\T ! B\RGEOIS RELATIONS ( PRODUCTION & FUR!R DEVELOP ! PRODUCTIVE =CES1 SO !SE LATT] 9 TURN DET]M9E ! TEMPO ( !IR FUR!R DEVELOPM5T1 & AT A C]TA9 PO9T ( !IR DEVELOPM5T >E RE/RA9$ BY ! RELATIONS ( PRODUCTION4 ,S9CE NO EQUILIBRIUM 7,/ATIK7 EXI/S1 !SE RELATIONS MU/ BE *ANG$4 ,9 ?IS G5]AL PROCESS ( NECESSITY1 9 ?IS MAT]IAL PROCESS1 0POLITICAL ECONOMY0 M]ELY REPRES5TS A C]TA9 LEVEL1 BUT A SIGNIFICANT LEVEL 9 ?AT IT IS ! PRELIM9>Y CONDITION = A P]IOD ( HUMAN HI/ORY :I* WORKS ) CORRECT CONSCI\SNESS & !RE=E CONTROLS MATT]S 9/EAD ( BE+ DET]M9$ BY !M4 ,ALREADY 9 ! 9TRODUCTION TO ! ,CRITIQUE ( ,POLITICAL ,ECONOMY ,M>X MAKES ?IS CONNECTION CLE>2 :I* PROVES TO US ?AT ! CRITICISM ( B\RGEOIS SOCIETY WAS AT ! SAME TIME ! UNCOV]+ ( ! LAWS ( ECONOMIC MOVEM5T 9 G5]AL4 ,HE SAYS3 0,B\RGEOIS SOCIETY IS ! MO/ HIE EXPRESS$1 ! UND]/&+ ( !IR /RUCTURE1 AT ! SAME TIME FURNI% 9SIE ! LAWS ( CAPITALI/ MOVEM5T ,M>X HAS LAID B>E ! LAWS ( SOCIAL MOVEM5T 9 G5]AL4 ,5GELS WAS !RE=E RIACT] ( COMMODITIES4 ,?IS FETI%ISM CONCEALS ! ACTUAL PROCESS1 BUT DOES NOT *ANGE IT4 ,ONLY A FALSE CONSCI\SNESS1 CAUKET & PRICE PROBLEMS & FAILS TO REALIZE ?AT ALL MOVEM5TS ( CAPITAL >E GOV]N$ BY ! LAW ( VALUE AS BY AN 9N] LAW4 ,?AT ,M>X HELD ! SAME VIEW &1 AS ,5GELS ASS]T$1 9T5D$ MORE ?AN A CRITIQUE1 IS %[N BY ! FOLL[+ PASSAGE FROM A LETT] WRITT5 BY ,M>X 9 #ahhf ) REF]5CE TO A CRITIC ( HIS CONCEPT ( VALUE3 0,! POOR FELL[ FAILS TO SEE ?AT EV5 IF MY BOOK CONTA9$ NOT A S+LE *APT] ON VALUE1 ! ANALYSIS ,I GIVE ( ! REAL RELATIONS W\LD CONTA9 ! PRO( & ! DEMON/RATION ( ! REAL RELATIONS ( VALUE4 ,! TWADDLE AB\T ! NECESSITY ( PROV+ ! CONCEPT ( VALUE RE/S ONLY UPON ! MO/ COMPLETE IGNORANCE BO? ( ! MATT] 9 QUE/ION & ( ! ME?ODS ( SCI5CE4 ,?AT ANY NATION :I* CEASES TO WORK1 ,I WILL NOT SAY = A YE>1 BUT = A FEW WEEKS1 W\LD DIE ( HUNG]1 IS KN[N TO EV]Y *ILD4 ,HE ALSO KN[S ?AT ! MASSES ( PRODUCTS CORRESPOND+ TO ! DIFF]5T NE$S DEM& DIFF]5T & QUANTITATIVELY DET]M9ATE MASSES ( ! TOTAL SOCIAL LABOR4 ,?AT ?IS NECESSITY = ! DIVISION ( SOCIAL LABOR 9 DET]M9ATE PROPORTIONS CAN ABSOLUTELY NOT BE ABOLI%$ BY REASON ( ! DET]M9ATE =M ( SOCIAL PRODUCTION BUT CAN ONLY *ANGE ITS MANN] ( APPE>ANCE1 IS OBVI\S4 ,NATURAL LAWS CANNOT BE ABOLI%$ AT ALL4 ,:AT CAN BE *ANG$ 9 HI/ORICALLY DIFF]5T CONDITIONS IS ONLY ! =M 9 :I* !SE LAWS OP]ATE4 ,& ! =M 9 :I* ?IS PROPORTIONAL DIVISION ( LABOR OP]ATES1 9 A /ATE ( SOCIETY 9 :I* ! CONNECTION ( SOCIAL LABOR ASS]TS ITSELF AS PRIVATE EX*ANGE ( ! 9DIVIDUAL PRODUCTS ( LABOR1 IS NO?+ O!R ?AN ! EX*ANGE-VALUE ( !SE PRODUCTS40 ,& SO ,DAS ,KAPITAL IS CON/RUCT$ UPON A TWO FOLD VIEW ( DEVELOPM5T3 ,ON ! ONE H&1 IT OBS]VES DEVELOPM5T AS A NATURAL PROCESS & ON ! O!R1 ,M>X TREATS IT ACCORD+ TO ! HI/ORICAL-SOCIAL =M IT ASSUMES AT ANY P>TICUL> TIME4 ,9 ! *APT] ON ! FETI%I/ *>ACT] ( COMMODITIES ,M>X %[S :AT EX*ANGE VALUE REALLY IS4 ,IT IS NOT SOME?+ NATURAL1 BUT A SOCIAL RELATION%IP BY :I* SOCIETY IS DET]M9$ AS BY AN ACTUAL ?+4 ,EX*ANGE VALUE1 VALUE PRODUCTION1 IS JU/ AN EXPRESSION ( SOCIAL BACKW>DNESS1 & HAS ITS S\RCE 9 ! /ILL 9SUFFICI5T DEVELOPM5T ( ! =CES ( PRODUCTION4 ,IT IS !RE=E AN HI/ORICAL CATEGORY1 :I* IS OV]COME BY ! 9CREAS+ =CES ( PRODUCTION4 ,SO ?AT ! FETI%ISM ( COMMODITIES M]ELY %[S ?AT MAN IS NOT YET 9 A POSITION TO MA/] PRODUCTION1 & CONSEQU5TLY PRODUCTION GOV]NS MAN4 ,9 ! ,ROB9SON ,CRUSOE EXAMPLE1 :I* ,M>X EMPLOYS 9 DISCUSS+ COMMUNISM1 HE %[S :AT IS BACK ( EX*ANGE VALUE1 & !N 9 ! ?IRD VOLUME ( ,CAPITAL HE SAYS3 0H[EV] PRICES MAY BE REGULAT$1 IT IS SE5 ?AT ! LAW ( VALUE GOV]NS !IR MOVEM5T40 ,ACCORD+ TO ,HOOK1 9 ! SO MU* LESS IMPORTANT EXCURSIONS ( ,5GELS 9 HIS PREFACE TO ! SECOND & ?IRD VOLUMES ( ,CAPITAL1 ,5GELS M]ELY EMPHASIZES ?IS PHRASE ( ,M>X1 :I* IS NO?+ BUT AN ILLU/RATION ( ! FETI%I/IC *>ACT] ( COMMODITIES1 A *>ACT] :I* DOES NOT ADMIT ! SOCIALLY NECESS>Y LABOR TIME AS ! MEASURE ( VALUE1 ?\< 9 REALITY IT OP]ATES 9 SPITE ( ALL MODIFICATIONS4 ,SO ?AT POLITICAL ECONOMY IS ! EXPRESSION ( ! SOCIAL =M 9 :I*1 AT A C]TA9 PLANE ( HI/ORY1 NATURAL LAWS OP]ATE4 ,& ON ?IS CAPITALI/IC PLANE1 VALUE CANNOT BE COMPREH5D$ BY ! FALSE CONSCI\SNESS ( ! B\RGEOISIE4 ,IF B\RGEOIS ECONOMY IS 9T]E/$ 9 ! WAY ! M>KET PRICE WAS DET]M9$1 IF ACCORD+LY IT WAS SATISFI$ ) ! LAW ( SUPPLY & DEM&1 !N ,M>X 9QUIR$ AB\T ! ORIG9 ( PRICE & F\ND IT 9 ! LAW ( VALUE4 ,HE ?US UNCOV]$ ! FETI%ISM ( COMMODITIES AS ! SOCIAL 0CONSCI\SNESS0 UND] CAPITALISM1 9 :I* ! WORK]S >E SEP>AT$ FROM ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION4 ,IT IS NOT UNTIL ?IS SEP>ATION ( PRODUC]S & MEANS ( PRODUCTION IS ABOLI%$ ?AT COMMODITY SOCIETY1 ) ! FALSE CONSCI\SNESS ?AT IS NECESS>ILY A P>T ( IT1 CAN BE BR\XISM0 IS POSSIBLE4 ,! ABOLITION ( ! ONE IS B\ND UP ) ! ABOLITION ( ! O!R4 ,!ORETICALLY1 ?IS IS ALREADY PRESUPPOS$ 9 ,M>XISM1 = MAN CON/RUCTS 9 HIS HEAD BE=E HE ACTS4 ,M>X WAS ABLE TO ACTUALIZE ! ,HEGELIAN DIALECTIC1 ,M>XISM CAN BE ACTUALIZ$ ONLY ?R\< ! ,REVOLUTION4 ,OR1 AS ,M>X PUT IT3 0,IT IS NOT 5\< ?AT ?\IAT7 ( B\RGEOIS ECONOMICS1 SO ,DAS ,KAPITAL IS NOT TO HIM ! !ORETICAL ACTUALIZATION ( MAT]IALI/ DIALECTICS BUT 0! APPLICATION ( HI/ORICAL MAT]IALISM TO ! 'MY/]IES' ( VALUE1 PRICE1 & PR(IT 7PAGE #a#h#g740 ,9 O!R WORDS1 S9CE1 ACCORD+ TO ,HOOK1 ! RELATIONS ( PRODUCTION DET]M9E ! ?9K+ & ACTIONS ( HUMAN BE+S1 ,M>X DEVELOP$ FROM ! /&PO9T ( ! PROLET>IAT HIS CRITIQUE ( B\RGEOIS ECONOMICS1 :I* IS SIMPLY CRITICISM & NO?+ ELSE4 ,IF ! PROLET>IAT W9S1 !N AS A CONSEQU5CE ,M>X'S ,CAPITAL REMA9S M]ELY AS AN HI/ORICAL DOCUM5T1 FILL$ ) ! ?\T ( ! DIALECTICAL DEVELOPM5T BUT DIVORC$ FROM IT2 NOT A PRODUCTIVE ELEM5T1 BUT A VIEW ( LIFE 7,WELTANS*AUUNG74 0,YET10 AS ,M>X WROTE CONC]N+ HIS ,RUSSIAN CRITIC 9 ! PREFACE TO ! FIR/ VOLUME ( ,CAPITAL1 0:AT ELSE IS HE DESCRIB+ BUT ! DIALECTICAL ME?OD80 ,BUT TO ,HOOK1 ,DAS ,KAPITAL IS ONLY AN IDEOLOGY1 & FROM ?IS PO9T ( VIEW HE SAYS 7PAGE #a#h#a73 0,:AT JU/IFIES ,M>X & ,5GELS 9 HOLD+ ?AT ! MODE ( ECONOMIC PRODUCTION IS ! DECISIVE FACTOR 9 SOCIAL LIFE IS ! REVOLUTION>Y WILL ( ! PROLET>IAT :I* IS PREP>$ TO ACT UPON ?AT ASSUMPTION 444 ,IT IS ONLY BECAUSE WE WANT TO *ANGE ! ECONOMIC /RUCTURE ( SOCIETY ?AT WE LOOK = EVID5CE ( ! FACT ?AT 9 ! PA/1 ECONOMIC *ANGE HAS HAD A PR(\ND EFFECT UPON ALL SOCIAL & CULTURAL LIFE4 ,BECAUSE WE WANT TO *ANGE ! ECONOMIC /RUCTURE ( SOCIETY1 WE ASS]T ?AT ?IS EVID5CE FROM ! PA/ TOGE!R ) \R REVOLUTION>Y ACT 9 ! PRES5T CON/ITUTES A SUFFICI5T CAUSE = BELIEV+ ?AT ! G5]AL PROPOSITION '9 ! LA/ 9/ANCE ! MODE ( ECONOMIC PRODUCTION DET]M9ES ! G5]AL *>ACT] ( SOCIAL LIFE'1 WILL BE TRUE 9 ! NE> FUTURE40 ,EV5 ?\< HE FOLL[S ?IS UP ) ! /ATEM5T ?AT :AT WE WANT & :5 WE WANT IT CANNOT BE D]IV$ FROM AN 9DEP5D5T1 ABSOLUTE DESIRE TO ACTION1 BUT >E HI/ORICALLY CONDITION$1 /ILL 9 HIS 9T]PRETATION ! WILL REMA9S DIVORC$ FROM CONSCI\SNESS4 ,!RE IS H]E NO 9T]ACTION & NO DIALECTICAL :OLE4 ,9 SPITE ( ALL MAT]IALI/IC CONCESSIONS & IDEALI/IC 9CONSI/5CIES1 ! VIEWPO9T /ILL IS ?AT WE SEE ! DET]M9+ FACTOR 9 ! MODE ( ECONOMIC PRODUCTION M]ELY BECAUSE WE WANT TO *ANGE ! ECONOMIC RELATIONS4 ,! WILL+1 H[EV] MU* IT MAY BE CONDITION$1 REMA9S = ,HOOK AT BOTTOM DECISIVE4 ,! S]I\SNESS ) :I* HE ACCEPTS ?IS VIEW IS SE5 9 HIS DESCRIPTION ( ! WAY 9 :I* SOCIAL *ANGE >ISES4 ,HE WRITES 7PAGE #h#d73 0,FROM OBJECTIVE CONDITIONS1 SOCIAL & NATURAL 7!SIS71 !RE >ISES HUMAN NE$S & PURPOSES :I*1 9 RECOGNIZ+ ! OBJECTIVE POSSIBILITIES 9 ! GIV5 SITUATION 7ANTI!SIS7 SET UP A C\RSE ( ACTION 7SYN!SIS7 DESIGN$ TO ACTUALIZE !SE POSSIBILITIES40 ,ACTION1 TO ,HOOK1 :I* IS ID5TICAL ) WILL+1 =MS ! SYN!SIS4 ,TO ,M>X1 H[EV]1 ! SYN!SIS IS SOME?+ DIFF]5T2 H]E ! PROLET>IAT1 AS ! ANTI!SIS ( B\RGEOIS SOCIETY1 ALREADY CONTA9S :AT =MS ! CONT5T ( ! ,HOOK SYN!SIS4 ,! ,M>XIAN SYN!SIS PRESUPPOSES SUCCESSFUL ACTION2 IT LIES BEH9D WILL+4 ,IT IS ! RESULT ( ! NEGATION ( ! NEGATION1 IT IS ! COMMUNI/ SOCIETY4 ,! GR[? ( ! PROLET>IAT ITSELF IS NOT ONLY ! GR[? ( PROLET>IAN MIS]Y BUT ALSO ( CLASS CONSCI\SNESS & ( ACTION4 ,?IS :OLE PROCESS TURNS (F1 AT A C]TA9 LEVEL ( DEVELOPM5T1 9TO ! REVOLUTION4 0,WAS D] ,M5S* WILL1 DAS MUSS ] WOLL540 ,WILL+ IS 9SEP>ABLE FROM ! PROLET>IAT2 ! EXI/5CE ( ! PROLET>IAT AS A MAT]IAL =CE ( PRODUCTION IS AT ! SAME TIME ! EXI/5CE ( WILL+4 ,EV]Y SETT+ AP>T & OV]-EMPHASIS ( ! WILL %\LD BE ES*EW$4 ,WE MAY RA!R SAY ) ,5GELS3 0,A REVOLUTION IS A PURE PH5OM5ON ( NATURE1 CONDUCT$ MORE 9 ACCORDANCE ) PHYSICAL LAWS ?AN ACCORD+ TO ! RULES :I* 9 ORD9>Y TIMES CONDITION ! DEVELOPM5T ( SOCIETY4 ,OR RA!R1 !SE RULES ASSUME 9 ! C\RSE ( A REVOLUTION A MU* MORE PHYSICAL *>ACT]1 ! MAT]IAL P[] ( NECESSITY COMES \T MORE =CEFULLY40 ,! MAT]IAL P[] IS ID5TICAL ) WILL AS WELL AS ) CONSCI\SNESS4 ,9 ORD9>Y TIMES 7,RE=MISM7 !SE FACULTIES >E NECESS>ILY ASCRIB$ MORE VALUE ?AN !Y POSSESS1 SO ?AT !Y AGA9 BECOME IDEALI/IC & FALSE4 ,9 REVOLUTION>Y TIMES NO MATT] H[ MU* WILL & CONSCI\SNESS EXI/1 !SE FACTORS ALWAYS REMA9 F> BEH9D ! ACTUAL MAT]IAL P[] ( ! REVOLUTION4 ,! ACTUAL REVOLUTION>Y PROCESS IS MU* MORE CLOSELY RELAT$ TO ! PROCESSES ( NATURE ?AN WE >E CAPABLE ( CONCEIV+ 9 AN UNREVOLUTION>Y P]IOD2 ! 0HUMAN0 7IDEOLOGICAL7 FACTOR 9 ! DEVELOPM5T BECOMES MORE 9SIGNIFICANT4 ,T5 ?\S& />V+ HUMAN BE+S ) ! CLE>E/ CONSCI\SNESS & ! /RONGE/ WILL+ MEAN NO?+ 9 C]TA9 CIRCUM/ANCES2 T5 MILLION />V+ UND] ! SAME CIRCUM/ANCES1 )\T CONSCI\SNESS & ! SPECIFIC HUMAN WILL+1 MAY MEAN - REVOLUTION4 ,M5 DIE ( HUNG] ) & )\T CONSCI\SNESS & WILL1 BUT 9 EI!R CASE !Y DO NOT DIE ( HUNG] 9 SIVATION4 ,9 ! O!R H&1 HE PRODUCES NO 9/ANCE 9 :I* MILLIONS ( HUMAN BE+S W5T HUNGRY 9 SIV$1 BUT W\LD HAVE GA9$ POSSESSION ( ! FOOD & 9 SO DO+ BECOME - CLASS CONSCI\S4 ,?IS OV]E/IMATION1 OR RA!R WRONG E/IMATION ( ! ROLE ( CONSCI\SNESS LEADS ,HOOK ALSO TO OV]E/IMATE ! ROLE ( ! P>TY &1 9 ! N>R[] S5SE1 ( ! ROLE ( ! 9DIVIDUAL 9 ! HI/ORICAL PROCESS2 A ROLE :I* HE DOES NOT CONCEIVE HI/ORICALLY1 BUT QUITE ABSOLUTELY4 ,9 ORD] TO GET AT ! ROTE ( ! G5IUS1 HE ASKS1 = EXAMPLE 7PAGE #a#f#i73 0,W\LD ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION HAVE TAK5 PLACE 9 ,OCTOB]1 #a#i#a#g1 IF ,L59 HAD DI$ AN EXILE 9 ,SWITZ]L&8 ,& IF ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION HAD NOT TAK5 PLACE :5 IT DID1 W\LD SUBSEQU5T EV5TS 9 ,RUSSIA HAVE TAK5 ! SAME C\RSE80 ,! SAME GAME IS CONT9U$ ) O!R /ATESM5 & SCI5TI/S1 & !N ,HOOK TURNS %>PLY AGA9/ ,5GELS1 ,PLEKHANOV & O!RS :O HELD ! VIEW ?AT EV]Y P]IOD :I* NE$S GREAT M5 ALSO CREATES !M4 ,HOOK REPLIES 7PP4 #a#g#a-#a#g#b73 0,) ALL DUE RESPECT1 ?IS POSITION SEEMS TO ME TO BE >RANT NONS5SE4444 ,TO >GUE ?AT IF ,NAPOLEON HAD NOT LIV$1 SOMEONE ELSE & NOT HE W\LD HAVE BE5 ,NAPOLEON 7I4E4 W\LD HAVE P]=M$ ,NAPOLEON'S WORK7 & !N TO (F] AS EVID5CE ! FACT ?AT :5EV] A GREAT MAN WAS NECESS>Y HE HAS ALWAYS BE5 F\ND1 IS LOGICALLY 9FANTILE 444 ,:]E WAS ! GREAT LEAD] HID+ :5 ,ITALY WAS OBJECTIVELY READY = REVOLUTION 9 #aiba & ,G]MANY 9 #a#i#b#c8 444 ,!RE >E NO MU/S 9 HI/ORY2 !RE >E ONLY PROBABILITIES40 ,TO ANSW] ON ! SAME PLANE1 WE MAY SAY1 FIR/1 AS ,HOOK HAS /AT$ 9 ANO!R PLACE1 ?AT ONLY PRACTICE %[S :E!R A TRU? IS TRUE1 H5CE ALSO :E!R A GREAT MAN IS REALLY SU*4 ,& ?IS PRACTICE IS SOCIAL PRACTICE4 ,IF1 = EXAMPLE1 SOCIETY HAD NOT PRESUPPOS$ 7ME*ANISM 9 MANUFACTURE71 ACTUALIZ$ 7DIVISION ( LABOR7 & APPLI$ ,NEWTON'S KN[L$GE1 ,NEWTON'S G5IUS W\LD HAVE DI$ ) HIM4 ,IF ! CAPITALIZATION PROCESS HAD NOT GIV5 ,FRANCE SU* P[] 9 (F5SE & DEF5SE1 ! G5IUS ,NAPOLEON W\LD P]HAPS HAVE DI$ AS A LIEUT5ANT /ILL MORE LONELY ?AN ON ,/4 ,HEL5A4 ,SOCIETY DET]M9ES :AT IS G5IUS4 ,! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION IS 9DEP5D5T ( ,L591 & EV5 ITS TIME ( OCCURR5CE WAS NOT 9 ! LEA/ CONDITION$ BY HIM BUT BY AN 5DLESS S]IES ( 9T]WEAV+ FACTORS 9 :I* ! G5IUS ,L59 IS SWALL[$ UP1 & )\T :I* HE CANNOT BE UND]/OOD4 ,! FACT ?AT ! ,BOL%EVIKS SUCCE$$ 9 SEIZ+ POLITICAL P[] 9 A REVOLUTION OV] :I* !Y HAD NO CONTROL /&S1 ( C\RSE1 9 P>T 9 DIRECT RELATION TO ! ,BOL%EVIKS & ALSO 9 P>T TO ! P]SONALITY ( ,L594 ,BUT ! IDEA ?AT )\T ,L59 ! C\RSE ( ,RUSSIAN HI/ORY W\LD HAVE BE5 DECID$LY DIFF]5T IS B5EA? ! LEVEL ( ,M>XI/ 9QUIRY1 :I* CON/ANTLY TRACES HI/ORY BACK TO ! NE$S ( SOCIAL LIFE4 ,! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION DID NOT ADAPT ITSELF TO ,L591 BUT ,L59 ADAPT$ HIMSELF TO ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION4 ,IT WAS ONLY BECAUSE HE ACCEPT$ ! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T ?AT HE WON 9FLU5CE OV] IT1 ?AT HE BECAME AN EXECUTIVE ORGAN = IT4 ,! GREAT DEGREE TO :I* ,L59 WAS CONDITION$ BY ! ACTUAL C\RSE ( ! REVOLUTION & H[ LITTLE HE HIMSELF DET]M9$ ITS DEVELOPM5T IS %[N BY ! WAY HE REVIS$ HIS WORK AFT] ! REVOLUTION4 ,?IS IS V]Y CLE>LY EXPRESS$ 9 A SPEE* HE DELIV]$ 9 ,OCTOB] #a#i#b#a1 :5 HE SAID3 0,! DEMOCRATIC-B\RGEOIS REVOLUTION HAS BE5 C>RI$ ?R\< TO ! 5D BY US AS BY NO ONE ELSE 444 ,WE HAD NOT CALCULAT$ SUFFICI5TLY 9 CONNECTION ) \R DESIGN ( PUTT+ 9TO OP]ATION SOCIALIZ$ PRODUCTION & ! COMMUNI/ MODE ( DI/RIBUTION ( ! PRODUCTS AMONG ! SMALL PEASANTS1 BY DIRECT ORD] ( ! PROLET>IAN /ATE4 ,LIFE HAS %[N US \R ]RORS4 ,A S]IES ( TRANSITIONAL /AGES - /ATE CAPITALISM & SOCIALISM - WAS REQUIR$ 9 ORD] TO PREP>E ! WAY = COMMUNISM4 ,?IS WILL 9VOLVE LABOR EXT5D+ OV] A GREAT NUMB] ( YE>S4 ,NOT DIRECTLY BY WAY ( 5?USIASM1 BUT ) ! AID ( P]SONAL 9T]E/S1 ( P]SONAL 9T]E/$NESS1 ) ! AID ( ECONOMIC CALCULATION1 Y\ MU/ FIR/ BUILD A SUB/ANTIAL BRIDGE :I*1 9 ! L& ( ! SMALL PEASANTS1 LEADS ?R\< /ATE CAPITALISM TO SOCIALISM2 9 NO O!R WAY CAN Y\ >RIVE AT COMMUNISM4 ,?IS WAS REVEAL$ TO US BY ! OBJECTIVE PROCESS ( DEVELOPM5T ( ! ,REVOLUTION 444 ,! PROLET>IAN /ATE MU/ BECOME A PROVID5T1 C>EFUL & SKILLFUL PROPRIETOR1 ! FUTURE :OLESALE DEAL]2 9 NO O!R WAY CAN ! L& ( ! SMALL PEASANTS BE RAIS$ TO A HI< ECONOMIC LEVEL4 ,A :OLESALE DEAL]2 ?AT APPE>S TO BE AN ECONOMIC TYPE JU/ AS F> REMOV$ FROM COMMUNISM AS HEAV5 IS FROM E>?4 ,BUT ?AT IS SIMPLY ONE ( ! CONTRADICTIONS :I* 9 ACTUAL LIFE LEAD FROM ! F>M+ 5T]PRISE ( ! SMALL PEASANTS ?R\< /ATE CAPITALISM TO SOCIALISM4 ,P]SONAL 9T]E/$NESS RAISES PRODUCTION4 ,:OLESALE TRADE S]VES TO UNITE MILLIONS ( SMALL PEASANTS ECONOMICALLY1 >\SES !IR 9T]E/1 LEADS !M TO ! NEXT /AGE3 ! V>I\S =MS ( CONNECTION1 ( UNION 9 PRODUCTION ITSELF40 ,! C\RSE ( ! ,REVOLUTION REJECT$1 FIR/1 ALL ! OLD ,BOL%EVI/ IDEAS :I* W]E /ILL CLOSELY CONNECT$ ) ! /ATE CAPITALISM ( ,HILF]D+1 & =C$ ! ADOPTION ( W> COMMUNISM AS ! NEW DOCTR9E2 & !N ! ACTUAL C\RSE ( DEVELOPM5TS REJECT$ ALSO ?IS NEW 0CON/RUCTION0 & TOOK A PUR] TURN TO /ATE CAPITALISM4 ,SO !N ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION IS A CLASSIC EXAMPLE ( ! FACT ?AT ! C\RSE ( DEVELOPM5T IS DET]M9$ NOT BY ! IDEAS ( GREAT M5 BUT BY ! SOCIALLY NECESS>Y PRACTICE4 ,:E!R ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION )\T ,L59 W\LD HAVE TAK5 ANY O!R C\RSE ?AN ! /ATE-CAPITALI/ ONE IS P]HAPS NOT WOR? DISCUSS+1 = ,L59 HIMSELF HELD ?AT CAPITALISM1 NOT ONLY 9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE BUT ALSO 9 ,RUSSIA1 WAS SUFFICI5TLY ADVANC$ ?AT ! NEXT PHASE C\LD ONLY TURN 9TO SOCIALISM4 ,L59 REG>D$ IMP]IALISM AS 0CAPITALISM 9 ITS TRANSITIONAL =M1 P>ASITIC OR /AGNAT+ CAPITALISM40 ,IMP]IALISM L$1 ACCORD+ TO ,L591 SIMPLY TO ! UNIV]SAL SOCIALIZ+ ( PRODUCTION3 0,IT DRAGS ! CAPITALI/1 AGA9/ HIS WILL1 9TO A SOCIAL ORD] :I* (F]S A TRANSITION FROM COMPLETE FRE$OM ( COMPETITION TO COMPLETE SOCIALIZATION40 ,! W>1 ACCORD+ TO ,L591 HAD TRANS=M$ MONOPOLY CAPITALISM 9TO ! 0/ATE-MONOPOLI/0 =M2 ! 0/ATE-MILIT>Y-MONOPOLI/ CAPITALISM0 IS1 H[EV]1 A 0?OR\<-GO+ MAT]IAL PREP>ATION = SOCIALISM1 ! 5TRANCE GATE TO IT40 ,) ! CONQUE/ ( /ATE P[] & ! TAK+ OV] ( ! BANKS1 HE ?\RY+ \T ( /ATE-CAPITALI/ ECONOMY 9 ,RUSSIA WAS !RE=E1 9 ,L59'S VIEW1 ONLY ! ANTICIPATION ( ! REAL MOVEM5T ( CAPITAL4 ,:AT WAS ACCOMPLI%$ WAS ! NECESS>Y CAPITALI/ CONSEQU5CE ( ADVANC+ MONOPOLIZATION4 ,! ,P>TY ACCEL]AT$ :AT W\LD NECESS>ILY COME AB\T1 F9ALLY1 EV5 )\T ?IS ACCEL]ATION4 ,?AT ?IS CAPITALI/IC C\RSE WAS MODIFI$ ?R\< ! 9FLU5CE ( ! ,BOL%EVIKS IS 9CONTE/ABLE1 BUT IT REMA9$ CAPITALI/IC1 & FUR!RMORE1 ! MODIFICATION WAS LIMIT$ TO VEIL+ ! REAL NATURE ( ! REV]SION TO CAPITALISM1 OR ( ! =M+ ( A NEW FALSE CONSCI\SNESS4 ,SO WE F9D ,BUKH>91 AT A GOV]NM5T CONF]5CE T[>D ! 5D ( #a#i#b#e1 EXPRESS+ HIMSELF AS FOLL[S3 0,IF WE CONFESS ?AT ! 5T]PRISES TAK5 OV] BY ! ,/ATE >E /ATE CAPITALI/ 5T]PRISES1 IF WE SAY ?IS OP5LY1 H[ CAN WE !N CONDUCT A CAMPAIGN = A GREAT] \TPUT8 ,9 FACTORIES :I* >E NOT PURELY SOCIALI/IC1 ! WORK]S WILL NOT 9CREASE ! PRODUCTIVITY ( !IR LABOR40 ,! ,RUSSIAN PRACTICE IS NOT DIRECT$ ACCORD+ TO COMMUNI/ PR9CIPLES1 BUT FOLL[S ! LAWS ( CAPITALI/ ACCUMULATION4 ,:AT O!R LAWS W\LD IT FOLL[ IF ,L59 & ! ,BOL%EVIKS HAD NOT WON8 ,WE HAVE 9 ,RUSSIA ALSO1 EV5 ?\< 9 MODIFI$ =M1 A SURPLUS-VALUE PRODUCTION UND] ! IDEOLOGICAL CAM\FLAGE ( 0SOCIALI/ CON/RUCTION40 ,! WAGE RELATION IS ID5TICAL ) ?AT ( CAPITALI/ PRODUCTION1 =M+ ALSO 9 ,RUSSIA ! BASIS = ! EXI/5CE ( A GR[+ BUREAUCRACY ) M\NT+ PRIVILEGES1 A BUREAUCRACY :I*1 BY ! SIDE ( ! PRIVATE CAPITALI/ ELEM5TS :I* >E /ILL PRES5T1 IS /RICTLY TO BE APPRAIS$ AS A NEW CLASS APPROPRIAT+ TO ITSELF SURPLUS LABOR & SURPLUS VALUE4 ,! V]Y FACT ( ! EXI/5CE ( ! WAGE RELATION SIGNIFIES ?AT ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION >E NOT CONTROLL$ BY ! PRODUC]S BUT /& OV] AGA9/ !M 9 ! =M ( CAPITAL1 & ?IS CIRCUM/ANCE FUR!R COMPELS A REPRODUCTION PROCESS 9 ! =M ( CAPITAL ACCUMULATION4 ,?IS LATT]1 ON ! BASIS ( ! ,M>XIAN LAW ( VALUE1 ) :I* ! ,RUSSIAN SITUATION ALSO MU/ BE ILLUM9AT$1 LEADS NECESS>ILY TO CRISIS & F9AL COLLAPSE4 ,! LAW ( ACCUMULATION IS AT ! SAME TIME ! ACCUMULATION ( IMPOV]I%M5T1 & H5CE ALSO ! ,RUSSIAN WORK]S >E ACTUALLY GR[+ POOR] AT ! SAME RATE AS CAPITAL ACCUMULATES4 ,! PRODUCTIVITY ( ! ,RUSSIAN WORK]S 9CREASES FA/] ?AN !IR WAGES2 ( ! 9CREAS+ SOCIAL PRODUCT !Y RECEIVE A RELATIVELY EV]-SMALL] %>E4 ,TO ,M>X1 ?IS RELATIVE PAUP]IZATION ( ! WORK+ POPULATION 9 ! C\RSE ( ACCUMULATION IS ONLY A PHASE ( ! ABSOLUTE PAUP]IZATION2 IT IS ONLY ANO!R EXPRESSION = ! 9CREAS+ EXPLOITATION ( ! WORK]S1 & !RE CAN H>DLY BE ANY D\BT ?AT EV5 )\T ,L59 & ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION NO?+ BUT 9CREAS+ EXPLOITATION C\LD HAVE OCCURR$ 9 ,RUSSIA4 ,ONLY ONE :O1 LIKE ,HOOK1 MI/AKES ! CONT5T ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION CAN RAISE ! QUE/ION AS TO :E!R ,RUSSIAN HI/ORY )\T ,L59 W\LD HAVE TAK5 ANY O!R C\RSE ?AN IT ACTUALLY DID4 ,IT W\LD1 TO BE SURE1 HAVE PROCE$$ ) DIFF]5T IDEOLOGIES1 DIFF]5T BANN]S1 DIFF]5T LEAD]S1 & ) A DIFF]5T TEMPO1 BUT = ! LIV+ PROLET>IAT !SE DIFF]5CES >E 5TIRELY 9SIGNIFICANT4 ,& S9CE ! REVOLUTION WE >E TALK+ AB\T IS PROLET>IAN 9 NAME1 ONE CAN ONLY ASK3 :AT HAS BE5 *ANG$1 AS A RESULT ( ! ,REVOLUTION & ! EXI/5CE ( ! G5IUS ,L591 AS REG>DS ! SITUATION ( ! ,RUSSIAN WORK]S8 ,NO?+ ESS5TIAL6 ,= ! PROLET>IAT1 ,L59 WAS NO MORE ?AN ,K]5SKY1 NO MORE ?AN ANY B\RGEOIS REVOLUTION>Y1 :O DOES NOT ABOLI% EXPLOITATION BUT ONLY *ANGES ITS =MS4 ,!RE >E NOT TWO K9DS ( WAGE LABOR1 ONE CAPITALI/IC & ! O!R BOL%EVI/IC3 WAGE LABOR IS ! =M 9 :I*1 UND] CAPITALI/ PRODUCTION1 ! SURPLUS VALUE IS APPROPRIAT$ BY ! RUL+ CLASS OR ELEM5T4 ,TO BE SURE1 ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION HAVE H]E PASS$ FROM ! H&S ( ! PRIVATE 5TREPR5EURS 9TO ?OSE ( ! ,/ATE2 AS REG>DS ! PRODUC]S1 H[EV]1 NO?+ HAS *ANG$4 ,JU/ AS BE=E1 !IR ONLY MEANS ( LIVELIHOOD IS ! SALE ( !IR LABOR P[]4 ,! ONLY DIFF]5CE IS ?AT !Y >E NO LONG] REQUIR$ TO DEAL ) ! 9DIVIDUAL CAPITALI/ BUT ) ! G5]AL CAPITALI/1 ! ,/ATE1 AS ! PUR*AS] ( LABOR P[]4 ,! ECONOMIC RELATION%IP BETWE5 PRODUC] & PRODUCT /ILL CORRESPONDS H]E TO ! CAPITALI/IC ONE4 ,! MEANS ( PRODUCTION >E ONLY FUR!R C5TRALIZ$2 :I* IS NOT ! 5D ( A COMMUNI/ ECONOMY1 BUT ONLY A MEANS TO ! 5D4 ,! 9FLU5CE ( ,L591 ! POLICY ( ! ,BOL%EVIKS1 /& REVEAL$ AS A GREAT CAPACITY = ADAPT+ ITSELF TO ! NECESS>Y C\RSE ( DEVELOPM5T1 9 ORD]1 AS ! ,BOL%EVI/ ,P>TY OR AS G5IUS1 TO /AY 9 P[]1 :I* CAN ONLY BE ! P[] ( NECESSITY4 ,HAD ,L59 ATTEMPT$ TO C>RY ?R\< A COMMUNI/ POLICY1 HIS GREATNESS W\LD HAVE BE5 R$UC$ - OR ELEVAT$1 AS ONE LIKES1 - TO ?AT ( A TIPSY ,UTOPIAN4 ,:]E W]E ! GREAT LEAD]S ( ,ITALY 9 #aiba & ( ,G]MANY 9 #aibc 7& AGA9 9 #a#i#c#c78 ,IF AN ANSW] MU/ ABSOLUTELY BE MADE1 ONE MAY PO9T NO D\BT TO ,MUSSOL9I & ! LEAD]%IP ( ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL1 ,Z9OVIEV AT ! TIME4 ,MUSSOL9I1 :O ACCEL]AT$ ! OBJECTIVELY NECESS>Y PROCESS ( CONC5TRATION ( CAPITAL 9 ,ITALY2 ! LEAD]%IP ( ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL1 :I* MA9TA9$ ! 0/ATUS QUO10 9 ,EUROPE 9 ! 9T]E/ ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,BOL%EVI/ REGIME BY PREV5T+ ! ,G]MAN REVOLUTION4 ,?US ,RADEK DECL>$ 7BY ORD] ( ,Z9OVIEV7 BE=E ! ,?IRTE5? ,CONF]5CE ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY ON ,FEBRU>Y #a#f1 #a#i#b#d3 0,! C5TRAL COMMITTEE ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY ( ! ,SOVIET ,UNION AS WELL AS ! EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE ( ! ,COM9T]N UNEQUIVOCALLY RECOGNIZES ?AT ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY ( ,G]MANY ACT$ CORRECTLY :51 9 VIEW ( ! SUP]IOR >M$-=CE ( ! 5EMY & ! DIVISION )9 ! RANKS ( ! WORK+ CLASS1 IT AVOID$ AN >M$ CONFLICT40 7,?IS WAS REPEAT$ 9 #a#i#c#c-#c#d74 ,BUT ?IS QUE/ION CAN ALSO BE APPROA*$ DIALECTICALLY1 & WE %ALL !N RECOGNIZE ?AT ! PROBLEM ( GREAT M5 IS ITSELF A QUITE HI/ORICAL ONE4 ,P>TICUL>LY 9 CAPITALI/ SOCIETY1 9 :I* ! SYMBOL IS MORE 0REAL0 ?AN REALITY1 ! PROBLEM ( LEAD]%IP ACQUIRES SU* IMPORTANCE ?AT IDEOLOGICALLY IT BECOMES ! PROBLEM ( HI/ORY4 ,! M>KET-PRICE PROBLEM IS ! OBV]SE SIDE ( ! LEAD] PROBLEM4 ,HEGEL /OPP+ %ORT ) ! ,PRUSSIAN ,/ATE1 ! MONEY =M ( COMMODITIES1 ! LEAD]-MASS PROBLEM1 >E ALL ONE & ! SAME EXPRESSION = ! LEVEL ( ! SOCIAL =CES ( PRODUCTION 9 !IR CAPITALI/ 9TEGUM5T4 ,! REAL WORK+ CLASS MOVEM5T KN[S NO LEAD] 0PROBLEM40 ,9 IT ! DECISIONS >E MADE BY ! SOVIETS1 :O C>RY ON ! ACTION AS ALSO LAT] ! ECONOMIC LIFE4 ,BUT ?IS *ANGE 9 ! ROLE ( ! P]SONALITY CAN BE RECOGNIZ$ NOT ONLY 9 ! POLITICAL DOMA92 IT HOLDS ALSO = SCI5CE4 ,! SPECIALIZATION ( SCI5CE GOES H& 9 H& ) ITS DEVELOPM5T4 ,! SOCIAL DIVISION ( LABOR IS NOT BE+ RE/RICT$ BUT EXT5D$4 ,EA* 9V5TION & DISCOV]Y NECESS>ILY BE>S A MORE & MORE COLLECTIVE *>ACT]4 ,?IS SOCIALIZATION LEADS TO EV] MORE SOCIALIZ+4 ,9 ! BEG9N+S ( CAPITALI/ SOCIETY !RE W]E 9V5TORS1 TODAY !RE >E 9V5TION %OPS4 ,9V5TIONS >E PRODUC$ ALMO/ 9 ! SAME MANN] AS AUTOMOBILE TIRES4 ,9 MOD]N CAPITALISM ! 9DIVIDUAL C\NTS LESS1 ALL 9NOVATIONS COME FROM ! LABORATORIES ( WORK 9 COMMON4 ,! FACT ?AT ?IS DOES NOT BECOME POLITICALLY VISIBLE IS DUE TO ! NECESSITY ( ! B\RGEOISIE ( BECOM+ IDEOLOGICAL EV] MORE REACTION>Y 9 ! SAME MEASURE AS IT DRIVES =W>D ! ACTUAL RELATIONS4 ,IF ! B\RGEOISIE ONCE REQUIR$ A ,NAPOLEON1 TODAY ! /UPIDITY ( ,HITL] S]VES AS ! SYMBOLIC GLU+ TOGE!R ( ITS C5TRIFUGAL T5D5CIES4 ,& YET = ! ,G]MAN B\RGEOISIE ,HITL] LOOMS AS AN OV]-T[]+ P]SONALITY2 = IF ,NAPOLEON ASSI/$ ! DEVELOPM5T ( CAPITALI/ SOCIETY1 ,HITL] ASSI/S 9 /AV+ (F ITS COLLAPSE4 ,BUT EV5 )\T ,NAPOLEON CAPITALISM W\LD HAVE TAK5 UP ITS VICTORI\S M>*1 & IT WILL COLLAPSE 9 SPITE ( ,HITL]4 ,! TWO ( !M CAN CONTRIBUTE A SMALL P>T TO DET]M9+ ! TEMPO1 :ILE ! UPGRADE OR ! COLLAPS+ T5D5CY OP]ATES1 BUT ! G5]AL T5D5CY IS BEYOND !IR P[] TO ALT]4 ,?R\< ALL TEMPOR>Y MODIFICATIONS ! M>* ( HI/ORY1 ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! HUMAN =CES ( PRODUCTION MAKES ITS WAY4 ,BUT EV5 )9 !SE MODIFICATIONS ! REAL SIGNIFICANCE ( 0GREAT M50 IS NOT 9H]5T 9 !MSELVES BUT ONLY !IRS 9 CONNECTION ) ALL O!R SOCIAL CIRCUM/ANCES4 ,IT IS ONLY BECAUSE HI/ORY UND] CAPITALISM WORKS ) A FALSE CONSCI\SNESS ?AT ! ACTUAL MOVEM5T LIES CONCEAL$ BEH9D ! LEAD] FETI%ISM4 ,:5 ?IS MOVEM5T TAKES PLACE ) A CORRECT CONSCI\SNESS1 IT WILL PUT EV5 ! G5IUS 9 HIS PROP] PLACE4 ,?R\<\T HIS DISQUISITION UPON ! ROLE ( ! LEAD] & ?AT ( *ANCE 9 ! BROAD] S5SE1 ,HOOK HAS =GOTT5 HIS [N />T+ PO9T1 :I* DEM&S ?AT EV]Y PROBLEM BE REG>D$ AS AN HI/ORICAL ONE4 ,! ALT]NATIVE PRES5T$ BY ! ,COMMUNI/ ,MANIFE/O - COMMUNISM OR B>B>ISM - PO9TS NOT TO ! DET]M9+ ROLE ( HUMAN WILL BUT TO ITS LIMITATIONS4 ,S9CE !RE IS NO EQUILIBRIUM1 A T>RY+ HUMAN RACE WILL NECESS>ILY P]I% IF OBJECTIVE NECESSITIES >E NOT C>RI$ ?R\<4 ,BUT ! T>RY+ ITSELF IS A TEMPOR>Y ONE4 ,B>B>ISM IS NOT ! 5D ( EA* DEVELOPM5T1 BUT ONLY AN 9T]RUPTION :I* IS DE>LY PAID =4 ,B>B>ISM IS NOT ! RETURN TO ! OX-C>T & 9TO ! PRIMITIVE1 BUT ! B>B>\S CONDITION ( SELF-LAC]ATION 9 ! DEA? CRISIS & W>S ( A ROTT+ CAPITALISM4 ,!RE IS ONLY ONE WAY \T - ! WAY :I* LEADS =W>D1 SALVATION ?R\< COMMUNISM4 ,! />T+ PO9T ( ! COMMUNI/ MODE ( PRODUCTION IS ! ELEVATION ALREADY ATTA9$ BY ! PRODUCTIVE =CES ( CAPITALISM4 ,IF ! Y\?FUL CAPITALISM NE$$ ,NAPOLEON & ! EXPIR+ ONE REQUIR$ ,HITL]1 IF CAPITALISM ALWAYS NE$$ FANCIES - S9CE REALITY1 :I* HAD NO COMMON 9T]E/S1 ALSO P]MITT$ NO COMMON /RUGGLE - ! COMMUNI/ REVOLUTION NE$S ONLY ITSELF1 ?AT IS1 ! ACTION ( ! MASSES4 ,IT HAS NO NE$ ( FETI%ISM1 ( FANCY1 9 ORD] TO C>RY ON 9 REALITY1 = IT KN[S ONLY COMMON 9T]E/S & P]MITS A G5U9E COMMON /RUGGLE4 ,TO ! EM95T P]SONAGE1 AS ALSO TO ! ROLE ( *ANCE 9 HI/ORY G5]ALLY1 NO MORE CAN BE ASCRIB$ ?AN ,M>X ASCRIB$ TO !M 9 A LETT] TO ,KUGELMANN QUOT$ BY ,HOOK4 ,BUT ! CONT5T ( ?IS LETT] DOES NOT SUPPORT BUT OPPOSES ,HOOK'S ABSOLUTE1 IDEALI/IC1 UNHI/ORICAL CONCEPTION ( ! LEAD] PROBLEM4.<#b.> 0,!SE 'ACCID5TS' !MSELVES10 SAYS ,M>X1 0NATURALLY FALL )9 ! G5]AL PA? ( DEVELOPM5T & >E COMP5SAT$ BY O!R 'ACCID5TS'4 ,BUT ACCEL]ATION & RET>DATION >E V]Y MU* 9FLU5C$ BY SU* 'ACCID5TS'1 AMONG :I* MU/ BE RECKON$ ALSO ! 'ACCID5TAL' *>ACT] ( ! PEOPLE :O FIR/ /& AT ! HEAD ( ! MOVEM5T40 ,! SIGNIFICANCE ( !SE 0ACCID5TS0 MU/ BE GRASP$ HI/ORICALLY4 ,! QUE/ION AS TO H[ F> !Y /ILL HAVE IMPORTANCE TODAY IS NOT RESOLV$ FROM !ORY BUT FROM PRACTICE4 ,H]E ALSO 0! 9VE/IGATION ( ! REAL SITUATION10 AS ?IS WAS CONCEIV$ BY ,L591 0=MS ! TRUE ESS5CE & ! LIV+ S\L ( ,M>XISM40 ,V,I,I ,S9CE1 TO ,HOOK1 ,DAS ,KAPITAL IS ONLY A CRITIQUE ( POLITICAL ECONOMY1 SO ALSO ! ,M>XIAN !ORY ( VALUE1 TO ,HOOK1 CAN 9DICATE NO?+ MORE ?AN IS ALREADY KN[N4 ,HE WRITES 7PAGE #b#b73 0,YET NEI!R ! LABOR !ORY ( VALUE NOR ANY O!R !ORY ( VALUE CAN PR$ICT ANY?+ :I* IS NOT ALREADY KN[N 9 ADVANCE4 ,W> & CRISIS1 C5TRALIZATION & UNEMPLOYM5T1 W]E ALREADY QUITE FAMILI> PH5OM5A :5 ,M>X =MULAT$ ! !ORY ( VALUE40 ,IT IS A MI/AKE TO ASSUME1 ,HOOK GOES ON TO SAY1 ?AT ONE CAN PR$ICT ANY?+ SPECIFIC ) ! LABOR !ORY ( VALUE4 ,N[1 AFT] ALL1 CAPITALISM IS /ILL F> FROM HAV+ COLLAPS$1 & YET ! ,M>XIAN LAW ( ACCUMULATION1 ON ! BASIS ( VALUE1 IS ! LAW ( COLLAPSE ( ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM4 ,?AT IS ALREADY %[N 9 ! FIR/ VOLUME ( ,CAPITAL1 AS 0! G5]AL LAW ( CAPITALI/ ACCUMULATION40 ,H[EV]1 ?IS LAW ( COLLAPSE DOES NOT OP]ATE 0PURELY0 BUT1 LIKE ANY O!R LAW1 IS MORE OR LESS MODIFI$ 9 REALITY4 ,!SE MODIFICATIONS >E SET =? 9 MORE DETAIL 9 ! ?IRD VOLUME1 ESPECIALLY 9 ! SECTION DEAL+ ) ! LAW ( ! FALL+ RATE ( PR(IT4 ,JU/ AS ! LAW ( GRAVITY OP]ATES 9 REALITY ONLY 9 A MODIFI$ =M1 SO ALSO ! LAW ( CAPITALI/ COLLAPSE1 :I* IS NO?+ MORE ?AN CAPITALI/ ACCUMULATION ON ! BASIS ( EX*ANGE VALUE4 ,:5 ,HOOK TAKES AWAY FROM ! ,M>XIAN LAW ( VALUE ITS PR$ICTIVE P[]1 HE HAS COMPLETELY R5\NC$ ,M>X4 ,& :5 HE FUR!R /ATES ?AT 0ONE MAY ACCEPT ! ,M>XI/ EVOLUTION>Y METAPHYSIC & NOT =?) BE COMMITT$ TO ITS !ORY ( ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION 7PAGE #b#e#a710 ! /ATEM5T IS FALSE = ! V]Y REASON ?AT1 9 ! FIR/ PLACE1 ,M>XISM HAS NO EVOLUTION>Y METAPHYSICS1 SECONDLY1 WE CANNOT REALLY BE COMMITT$ TO A !ORY ( SOCIAL REVOLUTION )\T PRACTIC+ IT4 ,IF ,LIEBKNE*T 9 ! SCI5TIFIC S5SE WAS A WORSE ,M>XI/ ?AN ,HILF]D+ 7PAGE #b#d#i71 & YET 9 PRACTICE A BETT] ONE1 AS ,HOOK ASS]TS1 ! COMP>ISON IS /ILL QUITE UNCALL$ =4 ,= ,M>X HIMSELF 0WAS NO ,M>XI/0 BUT HE ID5TIFI$ ,M>XISM ) ! ACT+ PROLET>IAT1 :I* CAN ACT ,M>XI/ICALLY & NOT O!RWISE4 ,M>XISM IS SIMPLY NOT AN IDEOLOGY1 BUT ! PRACTICE ( ! CLASS /RUGGLE6 ,! REVOLUTION IS MADE BY ! MASSES :O MAY KN[ NO?+ AB\T ,M>X3 ! REVOLUTION MAKES !M ,M>XI/6 ,AS REG>DS !ORY1 H[EV]1 IT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO REJECT ! ECONOMIC DOCTR9E ( ,M>X & AT ! SAME TIME EXPECT TO BE A ,M>XI/ 9 ALL O!R MATT]S1 AS ! REV]SE ALSO IS IMPOSSIBLE4 ,) ! REJECTION ( ! PR$ICTIVE P[] ( ! !ORY ( VALUE1 ?AT IS1 ! REJECTION ( ! ,M>XIAN !ORY ( CRISIS & COLLAPSE1 ,HOOK1 EV5 ?\< AGA9/ HIS WILL1 REJECTS ,M>XISM NOT P>TIALLY BUT COMPLETELY4 ,! REJECTION ( ! REAL CONT5T ( ! !ORY ( VALUE1 BY ,HOOK1 EXPLA9S AT ! SAME TIME ! IDEALI/IC CONT5T ( HIS DIALECTIC1 AS ! LATT] 9 TURN IS ! EXPLANATION ( ! FIR/4 ,HOOK'S WEAKNESS 9 ! ECONOMIC !ORY IS ILLU/RAT$ 9 ! V]Y FACT ?AT ONLY TW5TY-TWO PAGES ( HIS BOOK >E DEVOT$ TO ! ,M>XIAN ECONOMICS4 ,9 ?IS CONNECTION IT IS ALSO 9T]E/+ TO REF] TO ! PASSAGE 9 :I* HE DEALS ) ! DIFF]5CE BETWE5 ,ROSA ,LUXEMBURG & ,L594 ,! DISPUTE BETWE5 !SE TWO TURN$ ON ! QUE/ION ( ! REALIZATION ( SURPLUS VALUE4 ,REG>D+ ,LUXEMBURG1 ,HOOK WRITES 7PAGE #f#a73 0,9 H] ,AKKUMULATION DES ,KAPITALS %E CONT5D$ ?AT1 ) ! EXHAU/ION ( ! HOME M>KET1 CAPITALISM MU/ /RIDE FROM ONE COLONIAL C\NTRY TO ANO!R & ?AT CAPITALISM C\LD ONLY SURVIVE SO LONG AS SU* C\NTRIES W]E AVAILABLE4 ,AS SOON AS ! WORLD W\LD BE P>TITION$ AMONG ! IMP]IALI/ P[]S & 9DU/RIALIZ$1 ! 9T]NATIONAL REVOLUTION W\LD ( NECESSITY BREAK \T1 S9CE CAPITALISM CANNOT EXP& ITS PRODUCTIVE =CES & CONT9UE ! PROCESS ( ACCUMULATION 9DEF9ITELY 9 ANY RELATIVELY ISOLAT$ COMMODITY-PRODUC+ SOCIETY1 NO MATT] H[ L>GE40 ,L591 HE GOES ON TO /ATE1 D5I$ ?AT CAPITALISM W\LD EV] COLLAPSE 9 ANY SU* ME*ANICAL FA%ION4 ,& HE !N QUOTES ) GREAT APPROVAL FROM A SPEE* ( ,L59'S DAT+ FROM #aib A PASSAGE :I* HAS NO CONNECTION :ATEV] ) ! DEBATE AB\T ! REALIZATION ( SURPLUS VALUE 9 NON-CAPITALI/IC C\NTRIES - A DEBATE :I* HAD BE5 WAG$ EIS PREVI\SLY4 ,CAPITALISM NE$S A NON-CAPITALI/ M>KET3 ?AT HAD BE5 ! POSITION ( ,ROSA ,LUXEMBURG4 ,L59 MA9TA9$ ?AT IT CREATES ITS [N M>KET4 ,BUT BO? HELD TO ! BASIC ?\IS+ 9 #a#i#b1 IT NEV]!LESS L5DS NO COM=T TO RE=MISM1 :I* HAD ALWAYS D5I$ TO ! !ORY ( VALUE ANY PR$ICTIVE P[] & :I* WAS PLEAS$ TO REJECT ! !ORY ( ECONOMIC COLLAPSE4 ,! :OLE ECONOMIC-!ORETICAL WORK ( ,L591 :I* ONLY CONSCI\SLY REPEAT$ ,M>X1 IS OPPOS$ TO SU* ASS]TION4 ,TO ,L591 ! LAW ( VALUE IS ! LAW ( COLLAPSE4 ,ONE IS SURPRIS$1 H[EV]1 :5 ,HOOK1 AFT] HAV+ 0) ,L590 REJECT$ ,ROSA ,LUXEMBURG'S 0ME*ANICAL0 !ORY ( COLLAPSE PRES5TS1 9 HIS [N ECONOMIC EXPOSITION1 NO?+ BUT A REPETITION ( ,LUXEMBURG'S POSITION4 ,AFT] \TL9+ ! !ORIES ( VALUE & SURPLUS VALUE1 ( ! CAPITAL RELATION 9 PRODUCTION1 ! FALL ( ! RATE ( PR(IT ) ! 9CREASE 9 ! PRODUCTIVITY ( LABOR1 ! VALUE-PRICE RELATION1 ACCUMULATION & CRISIS1 HE !N SUMS UP 7PP4 #b#d-#b#i73 0,) ! 9CREASE 9 ! ORGANIC COMPOSITION ( CAPITAL ! RATE ( PR(IT FALLS EV5 :5 ! RATE ( EXPLOITATION1 OR SURPLUS VALUE1 REMA9S ! SAME4 ,! DESIRE TO SU/A9 ! RATE ( PR(IT LEADS TO IMPROVEM5T ( ! PLANT & ! 9CREASE 9 ! 9T5SITY & PRODUCTIVITY ( LABOR4 ,AS A RESULT EV] L>G] & L>G] /OCKS ( COMMODITIES >E ?R[N ON ! M>KET4 ,! WORK]S CANNOT CONSUME !SE GOODS S9CE ! PUR*AS+ P[] ( !IR WAGES IS NECESS>ILY LESS ?AN ! VALUES ( ! COMMODITIES !Y HAVE PRODUC$4 ,! CAPITALI/S CANNOT CONSUME !SE GOODS BECAUSE 7#a7 !Y & !IR IMM$IATE RETA9]S HAVE USE = ONLY A P>T ( ! IMM$IATE WEAL? PRODUC$1 & 7#b7 ! VALUE ( ! REMA9D] MU/ FIR/ BE TURN$ 9TO MONEY BE=E IT CAN AGA9 BE 9VE/$4 ,UNLESS PRODUCTION IS TO SUFF] P]MAN5T BREAKD[N1 AN \TLET MU/ BE F\ND = ! SURPLUS ( SUPPLI$ COMMODITIES 444 ,S9CE ! LIMITS TO :I* ! HOME M>KET MAY BE /RET*$ >E GIV5 BY ! PUR*AS+ P[] ( WAGES 444 RESORT MU/ BE HAD TO EXPORT40 ,HE !N FUR!R %[S H[ 9 ! C\RSE ( DEVELOPM5T ! IMPORT+ C\NTRIES !MSELVES BECOME EXPORT+ C\NTRIES4 ,AT ?IS PO9T ,HOOK HAS REA*$ ! LIMIT SET BY ,LUXEMBURG2 BUT :ILE %E CAME \T ) IT1 ,HOOK DOES NOT1 = ( C\RSE HE REJECTS ) ,L59 ! 0ME*ANICAL NATURE0 ( ?IS IDEA ( COLLAPSE4 ,9/EAD1 HE M]ELY REPEATS ONCE MORE HIS />T+ PO9T 7PAGE #b#g73 0,?IS PROCESS IS ACCOMPANI$ BY P]IODIC CRISES ( OV]-PRODUCTION4 ,!Y BECOME PROGRESSIVELY WORSE BO? 9 LOCAL 9DU/RIES & 9 9DU/RY AS A :OLE4 ,! SOCIAL RELATIONS UND] :I* PRODUCTION IS C>RI$ ON1 & :I* MAKE IT IMPOSSIBLE = WAGEWORK]S TO BUY BACK AT ANY GIV5 MOM5T :AT !Y HAVE PRODUC$1 LEADS TO A HEAVI] 9VE/M5T ( CAPITAL 9 9DU/RIES :I* TURN \T PRODUCTION GOODS ?AN 9 9DU/RIES :I* PRODUCE CONSUMPTION GOODS4 ,?IS DISPROPORTION BETWE5 9VE/M5T 9 PRODUCTION GOODS & 9VE/M5T 9 CONSUMPTION GOODS IS P]MAN5T UND] CAPITALISM4 ,BUT S9CE F9I%$ PRODUCTION GOODS MU/ ULTIMATELY MAKE !IR WAY 9TO PLANTS :I* MANUFACTURE CONSUMPTION GOODS1 ! QUANTITIES ( COMMODITIES ?R[N ON ! M>KET1 & = :I* NO PUR*AS] CAN BE F\ND1 M\NTS /ILL HI<]4 ,AT ! TIME ! CRISIS BREAKS1 & 9 ! P]IOD IMM$IATELY PREC$+ IT1 ! WAGEWORK] MAY BE E>N+ MORE & CONSUM+ MORE ?AN USUAL4 ,IT IS NOT1 !RE=E1 UND]CONSUMPTION ( :AT ! WORK] NE$S :I* CAUSES ! CRISIS1 444 BUT HIS UND]CONSUMPTION 9 RELATION TO :AT HE PRODUCES4 ,CONSEQU5TLY1 AN 9CREASE 9 ! ABSOLUTE /&>D ( LIV+ UND] CAPITALISM 444 W\LD NOT ELIM9ATE ! POSSIBILITY ( CRISES40 ,ALL ! FACTORS 9VOLV$ 9 ! ,LUXEMBURG 9T]PRETATION >E H]E REPEAT$ 9 A MORE PRIMITIVE =M4 ,! DIFF]5CE IS ?AT ,HOOK DOESN'T %>E ) H] ! CONCLUSION %E DREW4 ,WE HAVE H]E 9 ,HOOK ! DISPROPORTION BETWE5 ! TWO GREAT DEP>TM5TS ( SOCIAL PRODUCTION1 ! OV]PRODUCTION ( COMMODITIES1 ! IMPOSSIBILITY ( REALIZ+ SURPLUS VALUE 9 ! ABS5CE ( FRE% M>KETS 9 NON-CAPITALI/ C\NTRIES4 ,9 %ORT1 AS ) ,LUXEMBURG1 SO ) ,HOOK1 ! CAPITALI/ WORLD /IFLES UND] ITS SUP]FLUITY ( SURPLUS VALUE :I* CANNOT BE TURN$ 9TO MONEY 7REALIZ$74 ,! ONLY DIFF]5CE BETWE5 ! TWO =MULATIONS IS ?AT :]E ,LUXEMBURG SPEAKS ( COLLAPSE1 ) ,HOOK ! PROCESS /OPS AT CRISIS4 ,BUT ALL ( !SE CRISIS FACTORS HAVE !IR PO9TS ( SUPPORT 9 ! PROCESS ( CIRCULATION1 & H5CE >E NOT EMB$D$ 9 ! ESS5CE ( CAPITALISM4 ,WE KN[1 H[EV]1 ?AT ,M>X DEVELOP$ HIS !ORY ( ACCUMULATION FIR/ UPON ! BASIS ( ! TOTAL CAPITAL2 9 ?IS1 NO CIRCULATION PROBLEMS EXI/1 !RE BE+ NEI!R AN OV]PRODUCTION NOR AN ABSOLUTE OR EV5 RELATIVE 0UND]CONSUMPTION10 & :]E ! WORK]S CON/ANTLY RECEIVE ! VALUE ( !IR LABOR P[]4 ,EV5 9 ?IS 0PURE0 CAPITALISM PICTUR$ BY ,M>X1 ?\< ALL ! CRISIS FACTORS GIV5 BY ,HOOK >E ABS5T1 ,M>X /ILL PROVES ?AT EV5 SU* AN IDEAL CAPITALISM MU/ COLLAPSE1 & ON NO O!R GR\ND ?AN ?AT ( ! CONTRADICTION CONTA9$ 9 VALUE PRODUCTION4 ,:5 ,5GELS1 9 ! PASSAGE ,HOOK QUOTES FROM ! ,ANTI-,DOHR+ 7PAGE #b#a#c71 SAYS ?AT 09 ! VALUE =M ( ! COMMODITY !RE IS ALREADY CONCEAL$ 9 EMBRYO ! :OLE =M ( CAPITALI/ PRODUCTION1 ! OPPOSITION BETWE5 CAPITAL & LABOR1 ! 9DU/RIAL RES]VE >MY1 ! CRISIS10 IT GOES )\T SAY+ ?AT ! GR\NDS ( CRISIS >E TO BE S\LY1 9 ! 9T]E/ ( ANALYSIS1 HE 7,M>X7 WAS COMPELL$ TO ASSUME1 AT ! \TSET1 ?AT ! EX*ANGE ( COMMODITIES TOOK PLACE UND] A SY/EM ( 0PURE0 CAPITALISM 9 :I* !RE W]E NO VE/IGES ( FEUDAL PRIVILEGE & NO BEG9N+S ( MONOPOLY2 ?AT ! :OLE COMM]CIAL WORLD C\LD BE REG>D$ AS ONE NATION2 ?AT ! CAPITALI/ MODE ( PRODUCTION DOM9ATES EV]Y 9DU/RY2 ?AT SUPPLY & DEM& W]E CON/ANTLY 9 EQUILIBRIUM3 ?AT HAV+ AB/RACT$ FROM ! 9COMM5SURABLE USE-VALUES ( COMMODITIES1 ! ONLY RELEVANT & MEASURABLE QUALITY LEFT TO DET]M9E ! VALUES AT :I* COMMODITIES W]E EX*ANG$1 WAS ! AM\NT ( SOCIALLY NECESS>Y LABOR-P[] SP5T UPON !M40 ,:Y WAS IT1 MAY WE ASK1 ?AT ,M>X FIR/ DEMON/RAT$ ! WORK+ ( ! LAW ( VALUE UPON A 0PURE0 CAPITALISM8 ,WE F9D AN EXCELL5T ANSW] 9 ! PO/HUM\S PAP]S ( ,L593 0,BY PROCE$+ FROM ! CONCRETE TO ! AB/RACT1 ?\T FROM TRU? BUT COMES CLOS] TO IT4 ,! AB/RACTION ( MATT]1 ( NATURAL LAW1 ! AB/RACTION ( VALUE1 ETC 444 9 %ORT1 ALL SCI5TIFIC AB/RACTIONS MIRROR NATURE MORE PR(\NDLY1 MORE COMPLETELY4 ,FROM VIVID CONTEMPLATION TO AB/RACT ?9K+ & FROM ?IS TO PRACTICE 444 ?AT IS ! DIALECTICAL ROAD TO ! KN[L$GE ( TRU?40 ,! LAW ( VALUE REVEAL$ :AT CONCRETE REALITY1 ! SUP]FICIAL WORLD ( APPE>ANCE CONCEAL$2 ! FACT ?AT ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM1 AS ?R\< ! NECESSITY ( A NATURAL LAW1 MU/ COLLAPSE4 ,M>X FIR/ AB/RACT$ ALL ! SECOND>Y CONTRADICTIONS ( ?AT SY/EM 9 ORD] TO %[ ! EFFECT EX]CIS$ BY ! LAW ( VALUE AS AN 09N] LAW0 ( CAPITALISM1 9 ORD] LAT]1 ) ! MODIFICATIONS 9TRODUC$ BY CONCRETE REALITY1 TO PO9T \T ! PURELY TEMPOR>Y *>ACT] ( ! T5D5CIES >IS+ FROM ! MODIFICATIONS & WORK+ AGA9/ ! COLLAPSE-T5D5CIES :I* CONFIRM ! LAW ( VALUE AS ! DET]M9+ FACTOR 9 ! LA/ 9/ANCE4 ,! LAW ( VALUE EXPLA9S ! FALL ( ! RATE ( PR(IT - AN 9DEX ( ! RELATIVE FALL ( ! MASS (-PR(IT4 ,IT IS ONLY = A TIME ?AT ! GR[? ( ! PR(IT MASS CAN COMP5SATE ! FALL ( ! RATE ( PR(IT4 ,IF ! MASS ( PR(IT FIR/ FELL RELATIVELY TO ! TOTAL CAPITAL & TO ! DEM&S ( FUR!R ACCUMULATION1 AT A LAT] /AGE IT FALLS ABSOLUTELY4 ,IT IS NOT :AT ,HOOK ADDUCES AS A CRISIS FACTOR :I* CAN BE REG>D$ AS ! PR9CIPAL ONE2 ON ! CONTR>Y1 ! MATT] MU/ BE UND]/OOD EXACTLY ! O!R WAY R\ND4 ,HOOK MAY QUOTE ,M>X TO SUPPORT HIS CONT5TION ?AT ! CAUSE ( CRISIS IS ! CONTRADICTION BETWE5 PRODUCTION & CONSUMPTION4 ,= AS A MATT] ( FACT1 ACCORD+ TO ,M>X1 0! F9AL BASIS ( ALL REAL CRISES IS ! POV]TY & LIMIT$ CONSUMPTION ( ! MASSES AS AGA9/ ! URGE ( CAPITALI/ PRODUCTION SO TO DEVELOP ! PRODUCTIVE =CES AS IF !IR ONLY LIMIT W]E ! ABSOLUTE CONSUM+ CAPACITY ( SOCIETY40 - 0,BUT !RE C\LD BE NO?+ MORE S5SELESS10 WRITES ,L59 7,! ,M>XIAN ,!ORY ( ,REALIZATION71 0?AN TO D$UCE FROM ?IS PASSAGE ( ,CAPITAL ?AT ,M>X HAD CONTE/$ ! IMPOSSIBILITY ( REALIZ+ SURPLUS VALUE 9 CAPITALI/ SOCIETY OR HAD EXPLA9$ CRISIS AS BE+ ! RESULT ( 9SUFFICI5T CONSUMPTION40 ,AN OV]PRODUCTION OR UND]CONSUMPTION 7:I* F9ALLY AM\NTS TO ! SAME ?+7 IS NECESS>ILY B\ND UP ) ! PHYSICAL =M ( PRODUCTION & CONSUMPTION4 ,BUT 9 CAPITALI/ SOCIETY ! MAT]IAL *>ACT] ( PRODUCTION & CONSUMPTION PLAYS NO P>T :I* C\LD EXPLA9 PROSP]ITY OR CRISIS4 ,H[EV] MU* ! ?+ MAY (F5D 0LOGIC10 CAPITAL DOES 9 FACT ACCUMULATE = ! SAKE ( ACCUMULATION4 ,MAT]IAL PRODUCTION1 AS WELL AS CONSUMPTION1 IS LEFT 9 CAPITALISM TO ! 9DIVIDUALS2 ! SOCIAL *>ACT] ( !IR LABORS & ( !IR CONSUMPTION IS NOT DIRECTLY REGULAT$ BY SOCIETY BUT 9DIRECTLY BY WAY ( ! M>KET4 ,CAPITAL DOES NOT PRODUCE ?+S1 BUT 7EX*ANGE7 VALUES4 ,BUT EV5 ?\< IT IS NOT1 ON ! BASIS ( VALUE PRODUCTION1 9 A POSITION TO ADAPT ITS PRODUCTION & CONSUMPTION TO ! SOCIAL NE$S1 !SE REAL NE$S MU/ NEV]!LESS BE TAK5 9TO ACC\NT IF ! POPULATION IS NOT TO P]I%4 ,IF ! M>KET IS NO LONG] 9 A POSITION ADEQUATELY TO SATISFY !SE NE$S1 !N PRODUCTION = ! M>KET1 VALUE PRODUCTION1 WILL BE SET ASIDE BY ! REVOLUTION1 9 ORD] TO MAKE ROOM = A =M ( PRODUCTION :I* IS NOT SOCIALLY REGULAT$ BY ! R\NDAB\T WAY ( ! M>KET BUT HAS A DIRECTLY SOCIAL *>ACT] & CAN !RE=E BE PLANN$ & IS CAPABLE ( BE+ DIRECT$ ACCORD+ TO ! NE$S ( HUMAN BE+S4 ,FROM ! /&PO9T ( USE VALUE1 ! CONTRADICTION BETWE5 PRODUCTION & CONSUMPTION 9 CAPITALI/ SOCIETY IS 9SANITY1 BUT SU* A /&PO9T DOES NOT HOLD = CAPITALI/ PRODUCTION4 ,FROM ! /&PO9T ( VALUE1 ?IS CONTRADICTION IS ! SECRET ( CAPITALI/ ADVANCE1 & ! GREAT] ?IS CONTRADICTION ! BETT] DOES CAPITAL DEVELOP4 ,BUT = ?IS V]Y REASON1 ! ACCUMULATION ( ?IS CONTRADICTION MU/ F9ALLY >RIVE AT A PO9T :I* LEADS TO ITS ABOLITION1 S9CE ! REAL CONDITIONS ( LIFE & PRODUCTION >E AFT] ALL /RONG] ?AN OBJECTIFI$ SOCIAL RELATIONS4 ,SO ?AT ! F9AL BASIS ( ALL REAL CRISES IS /ILL ! LIMITATION ( MASS CONSUMPTION AS AGA9/ ! URGE = SO DEVELOP+ ! =CES ( PRODUCTION AS IF ! CONSUM+ CAPACITY W]E UNLIMIT$4 ,9 CAPITALI/ VALUE PRODUCTION1 ! APPROPRIATION ( SURPLUS VALUE IS LIMIT$ BY ! POSSIBILITY ( EXPLOITATION4 ,! WORK]S' CONSUMPTION CANNOT BE R$UC$ TO Z]O2 & IT IS ONLY = ?AT REASON ?AT !RE IS AN ABSOLUTE ECONOMIC LIMIT1 = VALUE PRODUCTION CAN ONLY T5D NE>] & NE>] TO ?IS Z]O PO9T4 ,! CAPITALI/ CONTRADICTIONS >ISE FROM ! CONTRADICTION BETWE5 USE VALUES & EX*ANGE-VALUE4 ,?IS CONTRADICTION TURNS ! ACCUMULATION ( CAPITAL 9TO ACCUMULATION ( IMPOV]I%M5T4 ,IF CAPITAL DEVELOPS ON ! VALUE SIDE1 IT ALSO AT ! SAME TIME1 & 9 LIKE MEASURE1 DE/ROYS ITS [N BASIS1 9 ?AT IT CONT9UALLY DIM9I%ES ! %>ES ( !IR [N PRODUCTS :I* FALL TO ! PRODUC]S4 ,?IS %>E CANNOT ABSOLUTELY BE DONE AWAY )1 S9CE ! NATURAL 9/9CT ( SELF-PRES]VATION ON ! P>T ( ! MASSES IS /RONG] ?AN A SOCIAL RELATION1 & ALSO BECAUSE CAPITAL CAN BE CAPITAL ONLY SO LONG AS IT EXPLOITS WORK]S & DEAD WORK]S CANNOT BE EXPLOIT$4 ,TO TAKE = A MOM5T ! IMPOSSIBLE POSITION ADOPT$ BY ,HOOK1 ONE C\LD MU* RA!R SAY ?AT ! CRISIS COMES AB\T BECAUSE ?IS RELATIVE & LAT] ABSOLUTE 0UND]CONSUMPTION0 ON ! P>T ( ! WORK]S IS NOT GREAT 5\<1 BECAUSE IT CANNOT SUFFICI5TLY 9CREASE1 BECAUSE TOO LITTLE 0UND]CONSUMPTION0 IS PRES5T4 ,IT IS NOT ! UND]CONSUMPTION1 :E!R RELATIVE OR ABSOLUTE1 :I* PRODUCES UNEMPLOYM5T2 BUT ! 9SUFFICI5T UND]CONSUMPTION1 OR ! UNSATISFACTORY MASS ( PR(IT1 ! IMPOSSIBILITY ( 9CREAS+ ! EXPLOITATION 9 ! NECESS>Y PROPORTION1 ! LOSS ( PROSPECTS = FUR!R PR(ITABLE ACCUMULATION1 PRODUCES CRISIS & UNEMPLOYM5T4 ,IT IS NOT BECAUSE TOO MU* SURPLUS VALUE IS PRES5T ?AT IT CANNOT BE TURN$ 9TO MONEY2 BUT BECAUSE IT DOES NOT SUFFICE TO MEET ! NE$S ( FUR!R ACCUMULATION ON ! BASIS ( PR(IT PRODUCTION IT IS NOT RE9VE/$4 ,BECAUSE TOO LITTLE CAPITAL WAS PRODUC$1 IT CAN NO LONG] FUNCTION AS CAPITAL & WE SPEAK ( ! OV]-ACCUMULATION ( CAPITAL4 ,SO LONG AS ! MASS ( SURPLUS VALUE C\LD BE 9CREAS$ CORRESPOND+LY TO SUFFICE = FUR!R ACCUMULATION1 WE PROCE$$ FROM CRISIS TO CRISIS1 9T]RUPT$ BY P]IODS ( PROSP]ITY4 ,SO LONG AS IT WAS POSSIBLE AT ! DANG] PO9TS ( ! CRISIS TO 9CREASE ! APPROPRIATION ( SURPLUS VALUE ?R\< ! %>P5+ ( EXPLOITATION & ?R\< ! EXPANSION PROCESS1 IT WAS POSSIBLE TO OV]COME ! CRISIS ONLY TO HAVE IT REPRODUC$ ON A HI<] PLANE ( DEVELOPM5T4 ,AT ! PO9T :]E ! T5D5CIES WORK+ AGA9/ COLLAPSE >E ELIM9AT$1 OR HAVE LO/ !IR EFFECTIV5ESS AS OPPOS$ TO ! NE$S ( ACCUMULATION1 ! LAW ( COLLAPSE ASS]TS ITSELF4 ,! ,M>XIAN AB/RACTION ( 0PURE0 CAPITALISM1 ! LAW ( VALUE1 TURN \T TO BE 9N] LAWS ( CAPITALI/ REALITY2 LAWS :I* 9 ! LA/ 9/ANCE DET]M9E ITS NECESS>Y DEVELOPM5T4.<#c.> ,V,I,I,I ,WE HAVE ALREADY PO9T$ \T ! CLOSE CONNECTION BETWE5 ,HOOK'S PECULI> ATTITUDE TO ! ,M>XIAN !ORY ( VALUE 9 P>TICUL> & TO ,M>X'S ECONOMIC DOCTR9ES 9 G5]AL & HIS IDEALI/IC DEVIATION FROM ! ,M>XIAN DIALECTIC4 ,ALL !SE FACTORS PROCE$ TO EX]CISE !IR P]NICI\S 9FLU5CE UPON ,HOOK'S !ORY ( REVOLUTION4 ,9 ! *APT] 5TITL$ ,! ,CLASS ,/RUGGLE & ,SOCIAL ,PSY*OLOGY HE SAYS 7PAGE #b#b#h73 0,! DIVISION ( ! SURPLUS SOCIAL PRODUCT IS NEV] AN AUTOMATIC AFFAIR BUT DEP5DS UPON ! POLITICAL /RUGGLES BETWE5 ! DIFF]5T CLASSES 5GAG$ 9 PRODUCTION40 ,! /RUGGLE = DIVISION ( ! SURPLUS VALUE IS1 H[EV]1 A QUITE LIMIT$ ONE3 A FACT :I* MU/ BE REF]R$ TO BECAUSE IT IS PRECISELY ?IS LIMITATION :I* %[S :AT TRUE CLASS CONSCI\SNESS IS4 ,M>X PO9T$ \T1 = EXAMPLE1 H[ ! WORK]'S WAGE CANNOT EXCE$ A C]TA9 LEVEL = ANY GREAT L5G? ( TIME NOR 9 ! LONG RUN S9K BEL[ A C]TA9 LEVEL4 ,! LAW ( VALUE IS F9ALLY DECISIVE4 ,& EV5 9DEP5D5TLY ( !SE V>IATIONS ! COLLAPSE ( CAPITALISM IS MANIFE/ FROM ! !ORY ( VALUE ALONE4 ,FUR!RMORE1 ! CLASS /RUGGLE DOES NOT DET]M9E 9 ! LA/ 9/ANCE ! %>E ( ! SURPLUS VALUE :I* GOES TO ! MIDDLE /RATA1 BUT ?IS %>E DET]M9ES !IR /RUGGLE4 ,! PROCESS ( CONC5TRATION IS /RONG] ?AN ! DEF5SIVE TACTICS ( ! MIDDLE CLASSES4 ,?AT !SE CLASSES NEV]!LESS EXI/1 IS DUE TO ! FACT ?AT CAPITAL1 :ILE DE/ROY+ ! MIDDLE CLASS ELEM5TS ON ! ONE H&1 CONT9UES TO RECREATE !M ON ! O!R4 ,C]TA9LY1 ! DIVISION ( ! SURPLUS VALUE IS NOT AN AUTOMATIC PROCESS1 C]TA9LY ! CLASS /RUGGLE 9 ! :OLE DIALECTICAL PROCESS CONTRIBUTES TO DET]M9+ ?IS %>E1 BUT \T ( ! /RUGGLE = ! DI/RIBUTION ( ! SURPLUS VALUE >ISES 9 ! C\RSE ( DEVELOPM5T A /RUGGLE = ! ABOLITION ( ! PR(IT SY/EM1 :E!R WE WILL OR NOT4 ,= YE>S N[ ! WORK]S ?R\<\T ! WORLD HAVE BE5 PAID LESS ?AN !IR VALUE1 & ?IS FACT IS ONLY ANO!R 9DICATION ( ! P]MAN5CE ( ! PRES5T CRISIS4 ,9 ! DEA? CRISIS ( CAPITALISM ! WORK+ POPULATION CAN ONLY GR[ MORE POV]TY /RICK52 IF IT FIG] %>E ( ! SURPLUS VALUE1 !N PRACTICALLY IT IS ALREADY FITIES >E =M$1 S9CE PORTIONS ( ! WORK]S BECOME CONSCI\S ( ! NECESSITY ( ! CLASS /RUGGLE MORE QUICKLY ?AN ! GREAT MASS4 ,IF ! P>TY CAN1 ON ! ONE H&1 ACCEL]ATE ! G5]AL DEVELOPM5T & %ORT5 ! BIR? ?ROES ( ! NEW SOCIETY1 IT MAY ALSO 9V]SELY DELAY ! DEVELOPM5T & ACT AS AN OB/ACLE 9 ! WAY4 ,ACCORD+LY1 :5 ONE SPEAKS1 AS ,HOOK DOES1 ( ! NECESSITY ( ! P>TY & FUR!R COMMITS ONESELF ) HIM TO ! IDEA ?AT )\T A P>TY A SUCCESSFUL REVOLUTION IS \T ( ! QUE/ION1 !N 9 ! FIR/ PLACE HE IS TALK+ AB\T AN AB/RACTION &1 SECONDLY1 HE ID5TIFIES ! P>TY ) ! REVOLUTION OR CLASS CONSCI\SNESS2 ) ! ,M>XIAN IDEOLOGY4 ,AS A MATT] ( FACT1 :E!R REVOLUTION>Y CLASS CONSCI\SNESS1 :I* 9 ! P>TY TAKES ! =M ( AN IDEOLOGY1 IS OBLIG$ TO MANIFE/ ITSELF 9 ! P>TY - ?AT IS A QUE/ION :I* CANNOT BE SETTL$ 9 ! AB/RACT BUT ONLY 9 ! PRACTICAL S5SE4 ,IT IS NOT ONLY 9 ! SPECIFIC =M ( ! P>TY ?AT CLASSCONSCI\SNESS :I* HAS BECOME AN IDEOLOGY NE$S TO EXPRESS ITSELF4 ,?AT CONSCI\SNESS MAY ALSO ASSUME O!R =MS1 = EXAMPLE1 ! =M ( FACTORY CELLS1 & !SE W\LD BE :AT ! P>TY /ILL IS TODAY4 ,! ASS]TION ?AT )\T CLASS CONSCI\SNESS CRY/ALLIZ$ 9TO A IDEOLOGY A REVOLUTION IS \T ( ! QUE/ION IS NOT DEBATABLE1 IF ONLY = ! REASON ?AT ,M>XISM1 :I* DOES NOT SEP>ATE BE+ FROM CONSCI\SNESS1 PRESUPPOSES ?AT 9 A REVOLUTION>Y P]IOD ! CONSCI\S ELEM5TS1 TOO1 >E PRES5T AS A MATT] ( C\RSE4 ,! /RONG] !SE >E1 ! BETT]2 BUT H[EV] WEAK !Y MAY BE1 CLASS CONSCI\SNESS TO ,M>XISM IS NOT AN IDEOLOGY BUT ! MAT]IAL LIFE NE$S ( ! MASSES1 )\T REG>D TO !IR IDEOLOGICAL POSITION4 ,HOOK'S IDEA ( ! REVOLUTION AS A P>TY MATT] BELONGS TO A P]IOD :I* IS ALREADY SURPASS$1 - ! P]IOD ( RE=MISM1 = :I* ,M>XISM HAD FROZ5 9TO AN IDEOLOGY & :OSE POSITION ,HOOK1 9 SPITE ( ALL HIS CRITICISM1 AFT] ALL N[ APPROVES4 ,:E!R 9 ! PRES5T SITUATION ! P>TY IS /ILL TO BE REG>D$ AS A C5T] = ! CRY/ALLIZATION ( CLASS CONSCI\SNESS CAN BE DET]M9$1 AS ALREADY /AT$1 ONLY FROM ! PRES5T DAY PRACTICE4 ,& H]E1 IF ,HOOK W]E OBLIG$ TO FURNI% PRO( ( ! NECESSITY ( ! P>TY HE W\LD DISMALLY FAIL4 ,TODAY ! P>TY IS NO?+ MORE ?AN A H9DRANCE TO ! UNFOLD+ ( REAL CLASS CONSCI\SNESS4 ,:]EV] REAL CLASS CONSCI\SNESS HAS BE5 EXPRESS$1 9 ! LA/ ?IRTY YE>S1 IT HAS ASSUM$ ! =M ( COMMITTEES ( ACTION & WORK]S C\NCILS4 ,& 9 ?IS ORGANIZATIONAL =M ( CLASS CONSCI\SNESS EXPRESS+ ITSELF 9 ACTION ALL P>TIES HAVE SE5 A HO/ILE P[] :I* !Y COMBAT$4 ,EUROPEAN REVOLUTION>Y HI/ORY ( ! #b? C5TURY WILL BE SE>*$ 9 VA9 = A S+LE 9/ANCE 9 :I* ! P>TY1 9 A REVOLUTION>Y SITUATION1 HAD ! LEAD]%IP ( ! MOVEM5T2 ON EV]Y OCCASION ?AT MOVEM5T WAS 9 ! H&S ( ! SPONTANE\SLY =M$ COMMITTEES ( ACTION1 ! C\NCILS4 ,:]EV] P>TIES PUT !MSELVES AT ! HEAD ( A MOVEM5T1 OR ID5TIFI$ !MSELVES ) IT1 IT WAS ONLY 9 ORD] TO BLUNT ITS $GE4 ,EXAMPLES3 ! ,RUSSIAN - & ,G]MAN REVOLUTIONS4 ,NEI!R ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY NOR ! ,BOL%EVIKS W]E OR >E ABLE TO CONCEIVE A MOVEM5T :I* !Y DON'T CONTROL4 ,! ,BOL%EVIKS HAVE NEV] BE5 ANY?+ MORE ?AN RADICAL SOCIAL DEMOCRATS4 ,9 ! /RUGGLE OV] ! =M ( ORGANIZATION ( ! WORK+ CLASS MOVEM5T SO REL5TLESSLY WAG$ BETWE5 ,L59 & ,ROSA ,LUXEMBURG1 HI/ORY HAS F9ALLY DECID$ 9 FAVOR ( ,LUXEMBURG4 ,! RECOGNITION ( ?IS HI/ORICAL FACT MAY NO D\BT BE DELAY$ BY ! ,POTEMK9.<#d.> ,RUSSIAN 0SOCIALISM10 BUT HI/ORY ITSELF N[ RISES 9 ! PLACE ( ,ROSA ,LUXEMBURG & ) ! MO/ DISGRACEFUL DEFEATS ON RECORD P\NDS IT 9TO ! HEADS ( ! WORK]S ?AT ! REVOLUTION IS NOT A P>TY MATT] BUT ! AFFAIR ( ! CLASS4 ,L59'S CONCEPTION ( ! P>TY1 TO :I* ,HOOK IS COMMITT$1 IS A SPECIFICALLY ,RUSSIAN ONE1 COMPLETELY MEAN+LESS = 9DU/RIAL ,EUROPE & ,AM]ICA4 ,IF ! DICTATOR%IP ( ! P>TY - :I* NECESS>ILY LEADS TO BUREAUCRACY - WAS A NECESSITY = ,RUSSIA1 :]E1 DUE TO ! C\NTRY'S BACKW>DNESS ! SOVIET SY/EM CAN BE ADMITT$ M]ELY AS A PHRASE & NOT AS A REALITY NEV]!LESS ! G5U9E SOVIETS CON/ITUTE ! ONLY =M 9 :I* ! PROLET>IAN DICTATOR%IP CAN EXPRESS ITSELF 9 DEVELOP$ C\NTRIES4 ,NO LONG] UPON ! P>TY1 BUT UPON ! MASSES !MSELVES MU/ BE LAID ! WEIY DECISION4 ,! RE=M P>TY 5D$ ) ! SOCIAL TREASON ( ! ,SECOND ,9T]NATIONAL 9 ! ,WORLD ,W>4 ,! 0REVOLUTION>Y ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY10 ! P>TY ( ,L591 ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL1 W5T TO ITS IGNOM9I\S 5D 9 ! COLLISION ) FASCISM4 ,! ACTS ( CAPITALISM UNMASK$ ! PSEUDO-/RUGGLE C>RI$ ON BY !SE ORGANIZATIONS4 ,! 5D ( ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL C\LD BE SE5 AS E>LY AS #a#i#b1 :5 ! REVOLUTIONI/S W]E EXPELL$ 9 ORD] NOT TO LOSE CONTACT ) ! MONGREL ,U4,S4,P4,D4 79DEP5D5T SOCIALI/S7 & ! O!R HALF RE=MI/ MASS P>TIES4 ,! /RUGGLE AGA9/ P>LIAM5T>Y CRET9ISM WAG$ ) SU* A %[ ( BITT]NESS BY 0REVOLUTION>Y P>LIAM5T>ISM10 5D$ 9 0REVOLUTION>Y P>LIAM5T>Y CRET9ISM0 :I* 9 ITS EAG]NESS TO W>D (F ACTION 9SCRIB$ ON ITS BANN] 7#a#i#c#c73 0,NOT ,HITL]1 - ,?ALMANN WILL GIVE Y\ FOOD & WORK6 ,ANSW] FASCISM ON ,M>* #e6 ,ELECT COMMUNI/S60 ,:AT P>TY DOES ,HOOK MEAN :5 HE SPEAKS ( ! P>TY AS A NECESSITY8 ,DOES HE HAVE 9 M9D ! CL[NICALITIES ( ! ,TROTSKYI/S1 :O 9 ! SAME BREA? DEM& ! P]MAN5T REVOLUTION & LONG T]M CR$ITS = ,RUSSIA1 OR ! POLITICAL JOKE ( ! ,BR&L]ITES1 :O ONCE BELIEV$ ?AT ! DICTATOR%IP ( ! PROLET>IAT WAS POSSIBLE )9 ! FRAMEWORK ( ! ,WEIM> ,CON/ITUTION8 ,TO BE SURE1 ,HOOK SPEAKS 79 HIS BOOK7 ( ! P>TY 9 ! AB/RACT1 BUT NEV]!LESS HE ALWAYS MEANS ! P>TY ( ,L591 :I* CONTA9S & DEVELOPS EV]Y?+ :I* L$ TO ! DISSOLUTION ( ! LABOR MOVEM5T AS IT HAS HI!RTO EXI/$ )\T = ?AT REASON LEAD+ TO A REAL LABOR MOVEM5T4 ,! P>TY HAS /ILL TO DO ANY?+ BUT H9D] ! DEVELOPM5T ( MASS 9ITIATIVE4 ,IT HAS NOT REVEAL$ ITSELF AS AN 9/RUM5T ( REVOLUTION1 BUT HAS IMPOS$ ITS WILL UPON ! MOVEM5T4 ,ID5TIFICATION ( ! P>TY ) ! REVOLUTION HAS L$ TO MASS ORGANIZATION AT ANY PRICE1 = ! P>TY N[ HAD TO TAKE ! PLACE ( ! MASS MOVEM5T4 ,AT BE/1 H[EV]1 ! P>TY IS NO?+ MORE ?AN AN 9/RUM5T ( ! REVOLUTION1 NOT ! REVOLUTION ITSELF4 ,! ME*ANICAL CONCEPTION ( DIALECTICAL MAT]IALISM HELD BY ,L591 :I* ,HOOK TAKES UP 9 ! MO/ V>I$ CONNECTIONS ?R\<\T HIS BOOK1 A CONCEPTION :I* SAW 9 CONSCI\SNESS NO?+ BUT ! REFLECTION ( ! EXT]NAL WORLD2 NECESS>ILY L$ ALSO TO UND]E/IMAT+ ! ROLE ( SPONTANEITY 9 HI/ORY4 ,IF ,HOOK DISC>DS ,L59'S ME*ANISM1 HE DOES N[ ES*EW ! ]RORS TO :I* ?IS ME*ANISM GIVES RISE - AS1 = EXAMPLE1 ! REJECTION ( SPONTANEITY4 ,L59 %>$ ) ,KAUTSKY ! IDEA ?AT 0NOT ! PROLET>IAT BUT ! B\RGEOIS 9TELLIG5TSIA MU/ BE REG>D$ AS ! EXPON5TS ( SCI5CE40 ,TO ,KAUTSKY1 ! SOCIALI/ CONSCI\SNESS IS NOT ID5TICAL ) ! PROLET>IAT BUT IS BR\TY 9 ! ,KAUTSKYAN S5SE4 ,TO ,M>X1 H[EV]1 ! CLASS /RUGGLE IS ID5TICAL ) CLASS CONSCI\SNESS4 ,NEI!R ,KAUTSKY NOR HIS PUPIL ,L59 C\LD GRASP ?IS4 ,9 HIS PAMPHLET ,:AT ,IS ,TO ,BE ,DONE8 ,L59 WRITES3 0,!RE CAN BE NO ?\ATE IDEOLOGY MATUR$ ?R\< ! WORK+ MASSES !MSELVES 9 ! C\RSE ( !IR DEVELOPM5T 444 ,! HI/ORY ( ALL C\NTRIES BE>S WITNESS ?AT ! WORK+ CLASS1 ( ITSELF1 IS ONLY CAPABLE ( DEVELOP+ A TRADE UNIONI/ CONSCI\SNESS 444 ?AT IS1 ! CONVICTION ( ! NECESSITY ( JO9+ TOGE!R 9 UNIONS1 ( CONDUCT+ A /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! EMPLOY]1 ( DEM&+ FROM ! ,GOV]NM5T ?IS OR ?AT LEGISLATIVE MEASURE 9 ! 9T]E/ ( ! WORK]S1 ETC4 ,! SOCIALI/ DOCTR9E1 H[EV]1 HAS PROCE$$ FROM ! PHILOSOPHICAL1 HI/ORICAL1 & ECONOMIC !ORIES :I* ORIG9AT$ ) $UCAT$ REPRES5TATIVES ( ! [N+ CLASSES ! 9TELLECTUALS40 ,! :OLE LABOR MOVEM5T UP TO ?IS TIME HAS TAK5 CONSCI\SNESS AS ID5TICAL ) SOCIALI/ IDEOLOGY4 ,H5CE IF ! ORGANIZATION1 REG>D$ AS ! ORGANIZ$ IDEOLOGY1 WAS GR[+1 ?AT MEANT ?AT CLASS CONSCI\SNESS WAS 9CREAS+4 ,! P>TY EXPRESS$ ! /R5G? ( CLASS CONSCI\SNESS4 ,! TEMPO ( ! REVOLUTION WAS ! TEMPO ( ! P>TY'S SUCCESS4 ,( C\RSE ! RELATIONS W]E CONDITION$ BY ! WILL+NESS ) :I* ! MASSES ACCEPT$ ! P>TY'S PROPAG&A1 BUT ! MASSES !MSELVES1 )\T ! PROPAG&A1 W]E UNFIT = CONDUCT+ A G5U9E MOVEM5T4 ,! REVOLUTION DEP5D$ ON ! CORRECT PROPAG&A4 ,?IS 9 TURN DEP5D$ ON P>TY LEAD]%IP1 & ?IS ON ! G5IUS ( ! LEAD]4 ,& SO1 IF ONLY 9 A R\NDAB\T WAY1 HI/ORY WAS AFT] ALL1 9 ! LA/ ANALYSIS1 ! WORK ( 0GREAT M540 ,! EXT5T TO :I* ! WORK+ CLASS MOVEM5T IS /ILL DOM9AT$ BY ?IS B\RGEOIS CONCEPTION ( 0HI/ORY MAK+0 IS %[N BY ! IMPUD5CE ( ! P>TY-COMMUNI/ DEFEAT /RATEGI/S1 :OSE ONLY ANSW] TO REVOLUTION>Y CRITICISM TODAY IS ! ASS]TION ?AT ! DEFEAT ( ! ,G]MAN PROLET>IAT 9 #aicc IS NO?+ LESS ?AN A MA/]LY MOVE ON ! P>T ( ! PR(ESSIONAL REVOLUTIONI/S4 ,?US ! P>TY-COMMUNI/ ORGAN ,GEG5ANGRIFF WRITES1 UND] DATE ( ,AUGU/ #a#e1 7#a#i#c#c7 FROM ITS EXILE 9 ,PRAGUE3 0,!RE >E UN9TELLIG5T DOGS :I* RUN AFT] ! TRA9 & FANCY ?AT !Y >E PURSU+ IT4 ,MEAN:ILE ! !SIS CON/RUCTORS SIT AT !IR TABLES & CALCULATE ! SPE$ ( ! TRA9 9 CONNECTION ) ITS COAL SUPPLY1 9 ORD] TO DET]M9E ! PRECISE MOM5T AT :I* IT CAN MO/ SURELY BE D]AIL$40 ,NO CRITICISM1 PLEASE1 ONLY PATI5CE2 ! C5TRAL COMMITTEE WILL DO ! JOB4 ,TODAY IT IS /ILL CALCULAT+1 BUT TOMORR[ - AH1 TOMORR[6 ,MEAN:ILE ! GREAT /RATEGI/S ASSURE EA* O!R ( !IR GREATNESS & ! WORK+ CLASS MOVEM5T IS BE+ SWALL[$ UP 9 ! SEA ( P>TY-COMMUNI/ /UPIDITY1 :OSE GREATE/ WISDOM HAS BE5 WELL EXPRESS$ 9 ! SIMPLE WORDS ( COMRADE ,KAGANOVI*3 0,! LEAD] ( WORLD COMMUNISM1 ,COMRADE ,/AL91 ! BE/ PUPIL ( ,L591 IS ! GREATE/ MAT]IALI/ DIALECTICIAN ( \R AGE40 444 ,?AT IS ! LEVEL ( ! PRES5T DAY LABOR MOVEM5T1 :I* SEES 9 ! P>TY ! REVOLUTION ITSELF & 9 SO DO+ HAS DEG5]AT$ 9TO ! /RONGE/ BULW>K ( C\NT]-REVOLUTION4 ,TO NAME ,M>X & ,L59 TOGE!R AS ,HOOK DOES :5 HE SAYS3 0,M>X & ,L59 REALIZ$ ?AT LEFT TO ITSELF ! WORK+ CLASS W\LD NEV] DEVELOP A SOCIALI/ PHILOSOPHY10 IS P]HAPS JU/ TO ,L591 BUT NEV] TO ,M>X4 ,= ,M>X1 ! PROLET>IAT IS ! ACTUALIZATION ( PHILOSOPHY2 ! PROLET>IAT'S EXI/5CE1 ITS LIFE NE$S1 ITS /RUGGLE1 )\T REG>D TO ! IDEOLOGICAL TRIFL]S - ?AT IS ! LIV+ ,M>XISM6 ,H[EV] MU* ,HOOK MAY 9SI/ ?AT 0CLASS ANTAGONISM CAN DEVELOP 9TO REVOLUTION>Y CONSCI\SNESS ONLY UND] ! LEAD]%IP ( A REVOLUTION>Y POLITICAL P>TY10 ?9K+ ?AT 9 SO DO+ HE HAS R5D]$ JU/ICE TO ! ROLE ( CLASS CONSCI\SNESS 9 HI/ORY2 IF HE ?9KS HE HAS !REBY TAGG$ ! SPONTANEITY !ORY ) ! ME*ANI/IC LABEL1 ?AN HE HAS DONE SO ) ! ME*ANISM ( ,KAUTSKY & ,L59 & %>ES !IR UNDIALECTICAL VIEW ( ,M>XISM - A VIEW :I* IS BE/ ILLU/RAT$ AS UNDIALECTICAL PRECISELY 9 ! REJECTION ( ! SPONTANEITY FACTOR4 ,9 ! SAME UNDIALECTICAL & ABSOLUTE MANN] ) :I* ,HOOK APPROA*ES ! P>TY QUE/ION1 SO HE APPROA*ES ALL O!R QUE/IONS HAV+ TO DO ) CONSCI\SNESS4 ,M]ELY BY WAY ( EXAMPLE1 LET US TAKE P>LIAM5T>ISM4 ,HOOK WRITES 7PAGE #c#b73 0,EV]Y:]E A /RUGGLE MU/ BE WAG$ = UNIV]SAL SUFFRAGE 444 NOT BECAUSE ?IS *ANGES ! NATURE ( ! DICTATOR%IP ( CAPITAL1 BUT BECAUSE IT ELIM9ATES CONFUS+ ISSUES & P]MITS ! PROP]TY QUE/ION TO COME CLE>LY TO ! =E40 ,9 REALITY1 H[EV]1 P>LIAM5T>ISM 9 A C]TA9 HI/ORICAL EPO* ELIM9ATES NOT ONLY MANY CONFUS+ ISSUES1 BUT ALSO CREATES NEW ILLUSIONS1 :I* 9 O!R HI/ORICAL SETT+S TURN COMPLETELY AGA9/ ! PROLET>IAT4 ,IF UNIV]SAL SUFFRAGE WAS ONCE A POLITICAL RALLY+ CRY ( ! PROLET>IAT1 AT ! PRES5T TIME ?IS DEM& MAY HAVE - & HAS - BECOME COMPLETELY MEAN+LESS4 ,IF ! /RUGGLE = ! VOTE WAS ONCE A POLITICAL /RUGGLE1 IT IS N[ BECOM+ A PSEUDO-/RUGGLE :I* M]ELY DI/RACTS ATT5TION FROM ! REAL ONE4 ,IF ! OLD LABOR MOVEM5T ALREADY W5T D[N 9 P>LIAM5T>Y CRET9ISM1 ! PRES5T-DAY DEM& = P>LIAM5T>Y ACTIVITY IS A CRIME4 ,= ! NE$ ( TODAY IS ! QUICK5+ ( MASS 9ITIATIVE & ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! DIRECT ACTION ( ! WORK]S - A NE$ :I* IS BE+ DIV]T$ 9TO 9NOCU\S *ANNELS ?R\< P>LIAM5T>Y ACTIVITY4 ,P>LIAM5T>ISM - 9CLUSIVE ( ! 0REVOLUTION>Y BR&0 - IS CLASS BETRAYAL4 ,& WE NE$ NOT BE DIRECT$ TO ,M>X3 ,M>XISM W\LD NOT BE ,M>XISM IF ! PROP] TASK ( ! LABOR MOVEM5T 9 ! TIME ( ,M>X & ,5GELS W]E /ILL 9 DETAIL ITS PROP] TASK TODAY4 ,I,X ,SUMM+ UP1 WE MAY SAY ( ,HOOK'S BOOK ?AT 9 COMP>ISON ) ! HI!RTO EMBRYONIC ,M>XISM 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 IT IS )\T D\BT TO BE REG>D$ AS AN ADVANCE4 ,IT IS ?OR\TURE = A NEW & V]Y MU* NE$$ DISCUSSION 9 ORD] TO BUILD ! CONT5T ( ! NEW LABOR MOVEM5T N[ 9 PROCESS ( =MATION4 ,AS OPPOS$ TO ! 0OR?ODOXISM0 ( ! ,KAUTSKYAN S*OOL1 ,HOOK RIXISM4 ,BUT AS TO :AT ! REVOLUTION>Y CONSCI\SNESS1 TO :I* ! :OLE BOOK IS DEVOT$1 REALLY IS1 ,HOOK CAN EXPLA9 IT ONLY 9 ,KAUTSKYAN FA%ION4 ,TO ,HOOK ALSO1 CLASS CONSCI\SNESS 9 SPITE ( ALL HIS 5DEAVORS TO ! CONTR>Y1 REMA9S ABSOLUTELY NO?+ BUT IDEOLOGY4 ,9 ,M>X1 H[EV]1 ! EXI/5CE ( ! PROLET>IAT IS AT ! SAME TIME ! EXI/5CE ( ! PROLET>IAN REVOLUTION>Y CLASS CONSCI\SNESS = FROM ITS SOCIAL NE$S ! PROLET>IAT CAN ONLY ACT & MU/ ACT 9 ACCORDANCE ) ,M>XISM1 BUT = ,HOOK ?IS CONSCI\SNESS ALREADY BECOME IDEOLOGY1 ! P>TY1 IS ! C5TRAL PO9T ( HIS CONCEPTION ( REVOLUTION4 ,HE ?US AB&ONS HIS [N />T+ PO9T1 ?AT ( ! DIALECTICAL :OLE1 & EV5 ?\< AGA9/ HIS WILL1 FALLS BACK 9TO IDEALISM4 ,TO BE SURE1 ,HOOK TAKES ! /EP ) ,L59 FROM ! 0OR?ODOXISM0 ( ! ,KAUTSKYAN S*OOL1 BUT ONLY TO /OP %ORT ) ! NEW $ITION ( 0OR?ODOXISM40 ,! NE$1 H[EV]1 IS TO COMPLETE ! HALF /EP MADE BY ,L594 ,TO ?AT 5D !RE WAS FIR/ REQUIR$ ! POLITICAL COLLAPSE ( ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,BUT TO HAVE REC\RSE ANEW1 AS ,HOOK DOES1 TO ! ALREADY HI/ORICALLY SURPASS$ POSITION ( ,L591 MEANS TO /OP HALFWAY4 ,AFT] ALL1 AS ,K>L ,KORS* HAS SO ADMIRABLY EXPRESS$ IT 9 HIS BOOK ,M>XISM & ,PHILOSOPHY3 0,9 ! FUNDAM5TAL DISCUSSIONS REG>D+ ! :OLE POSITION ( PRES5T-DAY ,M>XISM1 9 ALL GREAT & DECISIVE QUE/IONS ! OLD ,M>XIAN OR?ODOXY ( ,K>L ,KAUTSKY & ! NEW OR?ODOXY ( ! ,RUSSIAN OR ,L59I/ ,M>XISM1 9 SPITE ( ALL ! SECOND>Y & PASS+ PETTY QU>RELS1 WILL /& TOGE!R ON ! ONE SIDE1 & ALL ! CRITICAL & PROGRESSIVE T5D5CIES 9 ! !ORY ( ! PRES5T WORK+ CLASS MOVEM5T WILL /& ON ! O!R40 ,X 0,OR?ODOX ,M>XISM10 WRITES ,GEORG ,LUKACS 9 HIS BOOK ,GES*I*TE & ,KLASS5BEWUS/SE9 7& WE ?9K HE IS RIX'S 9VE/IGATIONS1 DOES NOT MEAN A 'BELIEF' 9 ?IS OR ?AT !SIS1 NOR ! EXEGESIS ( A 'SACR$ BOOK4' ,OR?ODOXY 9 QUE/IONS ( ,M>XISM RELATES RA!R EXCLUSIVELY TO ! ME?OD4 ,IT IS ! SCI5TIFIC CONVICTION ?AT IT IS ONLY 9 ! S5SE ( ITS F\ND] ?AT ?IS ME?OD CAN BE EXP&$1 EXT5D$ & DEEP5$4 ,& ?IS CONVICTION RE/S ON ! OBS]VATION ?AT ALL ATTEMPTS TO OV]COME OR 'IMPROVE' ?AT ME?OD HAVE L$1 & NECESS>ILY SO1 ONLY TO TRIT5ESS1 PLATITUD9IZ+ & ECLECTICISM 4440 ,BUT ?\< ! RESULTS OBTA9$ BY MEANS ( ! ,M>XI/ ME?OD CAN BE QUITE DIFF]5TLY APPRAIS$1 MO/ ( ! 9T]PRET]S RELY ALMO/ EXCLUSIVELY1 AS !Y !MSELVES ASS]T1 UPON DIALECTICAL MAT]IALISM4 ,! ME?OD IS (T5 SUBORD9AT$ TO ! 9T]PRETATIONS1 JU/ AS A TOOL CAN BE DIFF]5TLY EMPLOY$ BY DIFF]5T P]SONS = DIFF]5T 5DS4 ,& ?US >ISES AN ACTUAL PROP5SITY1 AS ILLU/RAT$ BY ,H]MAN ,SIMPSON1 .<#e.> TO D5OTE ! DIALECTICAL ME?OD AS 0A TOOL = GIANTS10 :I* CAN BE H&L$ BETT] BY ONE P]SON & WORSE BY ANO!R1 & ?IS CIRCUM/ANCES IS TAK5 TO 9DICATE ITS REVOLUTION>Y GREATNESS4 ,BUT ?IS 0RESPECTFUL0 ATTITUDE QUITE OV]LOOKS ! FACT ?AT ! DIALECTICAL ME?OD IS ONLY ! REAL1 CONCRETE MOVEM5T TAK5 UP 9TO & P>TIALLY DET]M9$ BY CONSCI\SNESS4 ,! PROCESS GO+ ON HAS BE5 COMPREH5D$1 & ONE 9T]V5ES 9 ! PROCESS AS A RESULT ( ?AT COMPREH5SION4 ,) ! ADVANCE ( G5]AL HUMAN DEVELOPM5T1 ! ROLE ( CONSCI\SNESS 9CREASES4 ,AT A HI< PO9T ( ! DEVELOPM5T1 H[EV]1 AS ! CAPITALI/IC RELATIONS ( PRODUCTION H9D] ! FUR!R UNFOLD+ ( ! PRODUCTIVE =CES1 SO DO !Y ALSO H9D] ! FULL APPLICATION ( ! CONSCI\S FACTORS 9 ! SOCIAL PROCESS4 ,& NEV]!LESS CONSCI\SNESS MU/ F9ALLY ASS]T ITSELF &1 UND] SU* CONDITIONS1 IT CAN DO SO ONLY BY GR[+ CONCRETE4 ,PEOPLE DO FROM NECESSITY :AT !Y W\LD DO ( !IR [N WILL UND] RELATIONS ( FRE$OM4 ,9 ! SAME WAY ?AT ! PRODUCTIVE =CES 7IF RE/RICT$ BY ! PRODUCTIVE RELATIONS7 ASS]T !MSELVES ]UPTIVELY1 ALONG REVOLUTION>Y *ANNELS1 SO ALSO DOES CONSCI\SNESS4 ,DIALECTICAL MAT]IALISM DOES NOT SET EVOLUTION & REVOLUTION OV] AGA9/ EA* O!R1 )\T AT ! SAME TIME P]CEIV+ !IR UNITY4 ,ANY EVOLUTION TURNS 9TO REVOLUTION1 & ALL REVOLUTIONS HAVE EVOLUTION>Y PHASES4 ,?AT CONSCI\SNESS MAY MANIFE/ ITSELF 9 V>I\S MANN]S IS !RE=E TO ,M>XISM QUITE A MATT] ( C\RSE4 ,:AT IS D5OT$ AS CONSCI\SNESS 9 P]IODS ( PEACEFUL DEVELOPM5T HAS NO?+ TO DO ) ! CLASS CONSCI\SNESS BY :I* ! MASSES >E FILL$ 9 REVOLUTION>Y TIMES1 AL?\< ! ONE CONDITIONS ! O!R & AL?\< WE CAN NOT SEP>ATE ! TWO )\T AT ! SAME TIME P]CEIV+ !IR UNITY4 ,JU/ AS ! EX*ANGE RELATIONS 9 CAPITALISM1 ?\< ONLY A RELATION%IP BETWE5 P]SONS & NOT A PALPABLE ?+1 FULFILLS QUITE CONCRETE FUNCTIONS1 OBJECTIFIES ITSELF1 SO N[ 9 ! REVOLUTION>Y SITUATION ! ALT]NATIVE 7A QUITE REALI/IC ONE = ! GREAT MASS ( HUMAN BE+S7 ,COMMUNISM OR ,B>B>ISM BECOMES AN ACTIVE PRACTICE1 AS IF ?IS ACTIVITY SPRANG DIRECTLY FROM CONSCI\SNESS4 ,IF RELATIONS CAN BECOME OBJECTIFI$ 7V]D+LI*T7 & TAKE ON PALPABLE =M1 SO ALSO1 9V]SELY1 ?+S CAN BE TRANS=M$ 9TO RELATIONS4 ,! REALI/IC SITUATION BECOMES A REVOLUTION>Y RELATION1 :I* AS SU* FILLS & IMPELS ! MASSES1 ?\< ! :OLE CONNECTION ( EV5TS IS NOT COMPREH5D$ BY !M 9TELLECTUALLY4 ,IT IS ONLY = ?IS REASON ?AT ?AT O!R SAY+ IS JU/IFI$3 0,IM ,ANFANG W> DIE ,TAT60 7,9 ! BEG9N+ WAS ! DE$74 ,! MASS UPRIS+1 )\T :I* A REVOLUTION>Y OV]?R[ IS IMPOSSIBLE1 CAN NOT BE DEVELOP$ \T ( ! 09TELLECT-CONSCI\SNESS03 ! CAPITALI/ RELATIONS ( LIFE PRECLUDE ?IS POSSIBILITY1 = CONSCI\SNESS IS F9ALLY1 AFT] ALL1 ONLY ! CONSCI\SNESS ( EXI/+ PRACTICE4 ,! MASSES CAN NOT BE 0$UCAT$0 TO BECOME CONSCI\S REVOLUTIONI/S2 & YET ! MAT]IAL NECESSITY ( !IR EXI/5CE COMPELS !M TO ACT AS IF !Y HAD ACTUALLY RECEIV$ A REVOLUTION>Y $UCATION3 !Y BECOME 0ACT-CONSCI\S04 ,!IR LIFE NE$S MU/ RESORT TO ! REVOLUTION>Y POSSIBILITY ( EXPRESSION1 & H]E1 TO USE AN EXPRESSION ( ,5GEL'S1 ONE DAY ( REVOLUTION HAS MORE WEIS ( POLITICAL $UCATION4 ,?IS IS NO SECRET TO ANYONE :O HAS DIRECTLY P>TICIPAT$ 9 A REVOLUTION>Y UPRIS+4 ,9 ! FIELDS ( /RUGGLE1 ! WORK]S :O >E IDEOLOGICALLY ! MO/ BACKW>D (T5 BECOME ! REVOLUTIONI/S :O FIMY ( ! ,RUHR DI/RICT1 = EXAMPLE1 IT WAS IMPOSSIBLE TO TELL FROM 9SPECTION :I* ( !M WAS A /RICT ,CA?OLIC & :I* A CONSCI\S ,COMMUNI/4 ,! UPRIS+ ABOLI%$ !SE DI/9CTIONS4 ,& ?IS IS TRUE NOT ONLY ( ! ,RUHR DI/RICT4 ,A /ORY ( REVOLUTION )\T ! NAMELESS MASS AS ITS 0H]O0 IS NOT A /ORY ( REVOLUTION4 ,BUT IF ! REAL CLASS /RUGGLE ITSELF TAKES OV] ! FUNCTION ( CONSCI\SNESS1 ?IS IS NOT TO SAY ?AT CONSCI\SNESS IS NOT CAPABLE ALSO ( EXPRESS+ ITSELF AS CONSCI\SNESS 7?\Y4 ,IT GR[S CONCRETE 9 ORD] TO BE ABLE TO FUNCTION AS CONSCI\SNESS1 JU/ AS1 ON ! O!R H&1 ! REAL RELATIONS ( LIFE UND] CAPITALISM ASS]T !MSELVES1 TO BE SURE1 BY WAY ( ! M>KET1 & YET ALSO 9 !IR ACTUALITY4 ,! R\NDAB\T WAY1 CONDITION$ ?R\< VALUE PRODUCTION1 EXPLA9S ! MALFUNCTIONS ( ! ECONOMIC ME*ANISM & ! NECESSITY ( REVOLUTION4 ,IT IS ONLY = ?IS REASON ?AT PEOPLE MAKE !IR HI/ORY1 AS ,M>X SAYS1 NOT \T ( :OLE CLO?2 ! RELATIONS1 H]E ! CAPITALI/IC ONES1 COMPEL !M TO ACTIONS :I* >E DEVOT$ TO ! OV]COM+ ( ?IS COMPULSION4 ,REF]5CE MU/ BE MADE 9 ?IS CONNECTION TO ! FUR!R FACT ?AT ! MOVEM5T ( ! MASSES IS SOME?+ DIFF]5T FROM :AT ! 9DIVIDUAL IS CAPABLE ( COMPREH5D+ AS SU*1 S9CE HIS UND]/&+ IS P>TIALLY DET]M9$ BY HIS 9DIVIDUAL CONDITIONS4 ,! MOVEM5T ( A GR\P IS LIKEWISE NOT ! SAME AS ?AT ( ! MASS4 ,EA* GR\P1 IF ONLY BY REASON ( ITS SIZE1 HAS DIFF]5T LAWS ( SELF-MOVEM5T & REACTS DIFF]5TLY TO EXT]NAL 9FLU5CE4 ,! WILL & ! CONSCI\SNESS ( ! 9DIVIDUAL1 LIKE ?OSE ( ! GR\P1 >E 9CAPABLE ( ADEQUATELY RECOGNIZ+ & JUDG+ ! MOVEM5T ( ! MASS4 ,! 9DIVIDUAL OR ! GR\P CAN NO MORE BE ID5TIFI$ ) ! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T ?AN ! OCEAN CAN BE COMP>$ ) A GLASS ( WAT]4 ,! 0LEAD]0 & ! 0P>TY10 PRECISELY BECAUSE !Y >E SU*1 CAN GRASP & SEEK TO DET]M9E ! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T ONLY ) REF]5CE TO !MSELVES1 BUT NEV]!LESS ?IS MOVEM5T FOLL[S ITS [N LAWS4 ,TO W9 9FLU5CE 9 ! MOVEM5T IS POSSIBLE TO ! 9DIVIDUAL OR ! GR\P ONLY :5 !Y SUBJECT !MSELVES TO ?OSE LAWS4 ,IT IS ONLY :5 !Y FOLL[1 NOT :5 !Y /RIVE = A FOLL[+1 ?AT !Y CAN BE REG>D$ AS FUR!R+ ! MOVEM5T4 ,?IS IS NOT TO SAY 7TO USE AN EXPRESSION ( ,L59'S TO D5OTE A T5D5CY :I* HE COMBAT$7 ?AT ! P>TY IS TO =M ! 0TAIL-5D0 ( ! REVOLUTION1 BUT ?AT IT %ALL SEEK TO OP]ATE FROM ! /&PO9T ( ! REVOLUTION1 NOT FROM ?AT ( ! P>TY1 /&PO9TS :I* >E NECESS>ILY DIFF]5T4 ,IT CANNOT1 ( C\RSE1 SUCCE$ 9 DO+ SO COMPLETELY1 BUT ! EXT5T TO :I* IT IS ABLE TO APPROA* ! /&PO9T ( ! REVOLUTION CAN S]VE AS A MEASURE ( ITS REVOLUTION>Y VALUE4 ,IF ! P>TY DOES NOT TAKE ITSELF AS ! />T+ PO9T1 ?IS ALREADY IMPLIES A RECOGNITION ( ! FACT ?AT ! DIALECTICAL ME?OD1 AS D$UC$ FROM REALITY1 IS ONLY ! !ORETICAL IMAGE ( REALITY1 & ?AT IT CAN BE APPLI$ ONLY BECAUSE ! P]SON APPLY+ IT IS SUBJECT TO IT4 ,BUT ! MO/ BACKW>D WORK] IS SUBJECT TO ! DIALECTICAL MOVEM5T 9 EXACTLY ! SAME WAY AS ,MR4 ,SIMPSON'S 0GIANT02 ! =M] HAS TO DO :AT ! O!R NOT ONLY HAS TO DO BUT ALSO WANTS TO DO4 ,S9CE ! DIALECTICAL MOVEM5T ( ! REVOLUTION IS A SOCIAL ONE1 IT IS ONLY ! MU/ ( ! MANY1 NOT ! WILL ( ! 9DIVIDUALS :I* CAN BE REG>D$ AS REAL CONSCI\SNESS4 ,9 FACT1 ! PRES5T-DAY RELATIONS QUITE PRECLUDE ! POSSIBILITY ( A SOCIAL WILL4 ,! SOCIAL EXPRESSION ( WILL IS ONLY >RIV$ AT ?R\< ! SOCIAL MU/4 ,SO ?AT A MISCONCEPTION ( ! DIALECTICAL ME?OD IS A MISCONCEPTION ( ! REAL MOVEM5T ITSELF1 ?\< ! MOVEM5T IS NOT AT ALL *ANG$ !REBY4 ,IT ALSO BECOMES CLE>1 H[EV]1 ?AT ! ,SIMPSON 0GIANT0 MAY 9 C]TA9 CIRCUM/ANCES S]VE TO FUR!R ! MOVEM5T1 BUT HE IS NOT DECISIVE 9 IT4 ,X,I ,AN OR?ODOX ,M>XI/ HAS TO REJECT ! 0OR?ODOXISM0 ( ! ,KAUTSKYAN & ,L59I/ S*OOLS4 ,HOOK OPPOSES ! DOGMATISM ( !SE S*OOLS1.<#f.> BUT )\T REALIZ+ ?AT ?AT 0DOGMATISM0 CAN BE COMBAT$ ONLY FROM ! OR?ODOX /&PO9T4 ,! PSEUDOOR?ODOXISM ( ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY & ( ! ,BOL%EVIKS HAS NO?+ TO DO ) OR?ODOX ,M>XISM4 ,ONCE ! ,KAUTSKYAN 0OR?ODOXISM0 WAS OPPOS$ ) ! SLOGAN 0,) ,L59 BACK TO ,M>X40 ,TODAY1 ONE IS COMPELL$ TO TURN AGA9/ ,L59 ) ! OR?ODOX SLOGAN3 0,BACK TO ,M>X40 ,NEI!R ,KAUTSKY OR ,L59 SAW 9 ! DIALECTICAL ME?OD ANY?+ MORE ?AN A S]VICEABLE TOOL4 ,!Y DISPUT$ AB\T ! WAY TO H&LE IT4 ,!IR DIFF]5CES >E !RE=E ( AN EXCLUSIVELY TACTICAL NATURE 7DISREG>D+ ! >BITR>Y CONFUSION ( TACTICAL QUE/IONS ) QUE/IONS ( PR9CIPLES73 !RE IS NO DIFF]5CE ( PR9CIPLE BETWE5 ! TWO4 ,) ?IS WEAPON ( DIALECTIC1 BO? WANT$ TO MAKE HI/ORY = ! PROLET>IAT4 ,?AT !Y !MSELVES C\LD ONLY PLAY ! P>T ( A WEAPON WAS ACCORD+LY A ?\ILY OBLIG$ TO H9D] ! REAL REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T TO ! SAME EXT5T 9 :I* !Y /R5G!N$ !IR [N POSITIONS4 ,! MORE !Y DID = !MSELVES1 ! LESS !Y ACCOMPLI%$ = ! REVOLUTION1 = ! MAGNITUDE ( !IR 9FLU5CE DEP5D$ = !M ON ! WI!R+ AWAY ( ! 9ITIATIVE ( ! MASSES4 ,!SE LATT] W]E TO BE BR\D1 ORD]S & OB$I5CE1 G5]AL /AFF & >MY4 ,! B\RGEOIS PR9CIPLE ( ORGANIZATION WAS ALSO TO S]VE = PROLET>IAN AIMS4 ,BUT ! UNITY ( !ORY & PRACTICE IS BR\Y ACTION ITSELF2 IT CAN BE ATTA9$1 UND] CAPITALI/IC RELATIONS1 ONLY ALONG REVOLUTION>Y1 ]UPTIVE *ANNELS1 NOT ?R\< A 0%REWD POLICY0 :I* GU>ANTEES A H>MONY BETWE5 LEAD]S & L$4 ,BUT SU* ACTION CAN ONLY BE FUR!R$ OR H9D]$2 IT CAN NOT BE MADE OR PREV5T$1 S9CE IT DEP5DS ON ! ECONOMIC MOVEM5TS1 & !SE >E NOT YET SUBJECT TO HUMAN WILL & HUMAN 9TELLIG5CE4 ,! OLD LABOR MOVEM5T UND]/OOD BY CLASSCONSCI\SNESS NO?+ MORE ?AN ITS [N 9SITY WAS EV]Y?+1 ! MOVEM5T ONLY P]CEPTIBLE BY WAY ( ! P>TY4 ,9 ?IS WAY !RE >OSE FROM ! CLASS /RUGGLE BETWE5 CAPITAL & LABOR - 9 SO F> AS ?AT /RUGGLE WAS SUBORD9AT$ TO ! P>TY - ! /RUGGLE ( DIFF]5T GR\PS = MA/]Y OV] ! WORK]S4 ,!RE IS NO BETT] PRO( ( ! CORRECTNESS ( ! ,M>XIAN ME?OD ?AN ! EMASCULATION :I* ,M>XISM ITSELF HAS UND]GONE4 ,EPIGONITY S]VES TO ILLU/RATE CAPITALI/ DEVELOPM5T1 & 9V]SELY ?IS DEVELOPM5T FURNI%ES ! EXPLANATION ( EPIGONISM4 ,9 O!R WORDS1 ! V>I\S S*OOLS ( EPIGONISM1 OR REVISIONISM1 CAN BE TRAC$ BACK TO ! V>I\S /AGES ( CAPITALI/ DEVELOPM5T4 ,! 0ORIG9AL0 ,M>XISM HAS SURVIV$ ITS DEG5]ATE *ILDR51 & TODAY ! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T IS COMPELL$1 9 ! NAME ( ?AT ORIG9AL ,M>XISM1 TO A NEW ORI5TATION ON ! BASIS ( OR?ODOX ADH]5CE TO ! ,M>XI/ ME?OD4 ,! 0MISUND]/&+0 ( ! DIALECTICAL ME?OD AT ! H&S ( ! PSEUDO-,M>XIAN WAS NO:]E EXPRESS$ MORE CLE>LY ?AN 9 ! AB&ONM5T ( ! ,M>XI/ !ORY ( ACCUMULATION & COLLAPSE4 ,! REVISIONI/S BOA/$ ( ! REJECTION ( ?AT !ORY1 & ! 0OR?ODOX0 ,M>XI/S ( ! TIME DID NOT V5TURE TO DEF5D IT4 ,! 0MISUND]/&+0 WAS FUR!R EXPRESS$ 9 ! SEP>ATION ( ! ,M>XIAN PHILOSOPHY FROM ! ECONOMICS4 ,!RE W]E & >E 0,M>XI/S0 :O 0SPECIALIZE0 9 ONE OR ! O!R1 :O FAIL TO UND]/& ?AT ! ECONOMIC LAWS >E DIALECTICAL4 ,ANYONE :O1 = EXAMPLE1 AB&ONS ! ,M>XI/ !ORY ( COLLAPSE CAN NOT AT ! SAME TIME HOLD TO ! DIALECTICAL ME?OD2 & ANYONE :O ACCEPTS DIALECTICAL MAT]IALISM 0PHILOSOPHICALLY0 HAS NO *OICE BUT TO REG>D ! DIALECTICAL MOVEM5T ( PRES5T-DAY SOCIETY AS A MOVEM5T ( COLLAPSE4 ,! WORLD CRISIS ( CAPITALISM HAD FIR/ TO BECOME AN ACTUALITY BE=E ! PROBLEM ( COLLAPSE C\LD AGA9 BE BR\XIAN DIALECTIC C\LD BE REVIV$4 ,IT IS NOT SO MU* !ORY BUT RA!R REALITY ITSELF :I* N[ S]VES = ! FUR!R DEVELOPM5T ( ,M>XISM4 ,BUT ?IS FUR!R DEVELOPM5T IS TODAY 9 REALITY1 ONLY ! RECON/RUCTION ( ! ORIG9AL ,M>XISM1 :I* IS BE+ CLEANS$ ( ! FIL? ( EPIGONITY4 ,IT HAS BECOME CLE> ?AT ! ,M>XIAN 0AB/RACTIONS0 W]E MORE REAL ?AN ! 0REALI/IC0 ATTEMPTS :I* ! EPIGONI MADE TO SUPPLEM5T !M1 9 WI%+ TO GIVE !M 0FLE% & BLOOD10 9 TRY+ TO 0COMPLETE0 ! 0TORSO10 ETC4 ,MEAN:ILE1 ,KAUTSKY HAS COMPLETELY REJECT$ ! ,M>XIAN DIALECTIC1 & ,L59 RECOMM5D$1 %ORTLY BE=E HIS DEA?1 ?AT ! /UDY ( ,HEGEL & ( ! DIALECTICAL PROBLEM 9 G5]AL BE TAK5 UP ANEW4 ,FIFTY YE>S ( 0,M>XI/ !ORY0 (F]$ AS ITS RESULT ! MO/ HOPELESS CONFUSION4 ,IT HAS NOT FUR!R$ ,M>XISM BUT ?R[N IT BACK EV5 PRIOR TO ITS />T+ PO9T4 ,ANY REAL OR?ODOXISM IS A HUNDR$ TIMES SUP]IOR TO ! ,M>XIAN 0SUCCESSOR40 ,M>XISM AS A REVOLUTION>Y !ORY /OOD 9 CONTRADICTION TO ! LABOR MOVEM5T :I* WAS DEVELOP+ 9 ! UPGRADE P]IOD ( CAPITALISM1 & IT WAS !RE=E MODIFI$ BY ?AT MOVEM5T 9 ACCORDANCE ) ITS [N NE$S & ?IS MODIFICATION WAS !N CONFUS$ ) ! ESS5CE4 ,ONE IS NOT JU/IFI$ 9 REG>D+ HIMSELF AS HOLD+ AN ADVANC$ POSITION M]ELY BECAUSE HE IS NOT 9 AGREEM5T ) EPIGONITY1 OR BECAUSE HE HAS DIFF]5T OP9IONS ON ?IS OR ?AT QUE/ION4 ,ONE MU/ COMPLETELY REJECT BO?1 ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY & ,BOL%EVISM1 AS WELL AS ALL ( ITS (F%OOTS1 9 ORD] TO PLACE HIMSELF ON A ,M>XI/ BASIS4 ,BUT :ILE ,HOOK WANTS TO R5EW ,M>XISM BY MEANS ( OV]COM+ V>I\S 0DOGMAS10 HE HAS NOT1 9 ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ DOGMATISM1 COMBAT$ ! EMASCULATION ( ,M>XISM BUT 9 HIS ZEAL HAS AB&ON$ ,M>XISM ITSELF4 ,:AT HE ATTACKS AS 0DOGMATISM0 HAS NOT BE5 ATTACK$ = ! FIR/ TIME2 ! CRY ( 0DOGMATISM0 HAS ALWAYS BE5 US$ AS A POLITICAL >GUM5T AGA9/ RADICAL CURR5TS 9 ! LABOR MOVEM5T4 ,! SAME >GUM5TS :I* ,HOOK N[ DIRECTS AGA9/ ! 0DOGMATISM0 ( ! 0(FICIAL0 COMMUNI/ MOVEM5T W]E ONCE HURL$ BY ,L59 AGA9/ ! LEFT-COMMUNI/ C\NCIL MOVEM5T1 :I* WAS UNWILL+ TO SACRIFICE ! WORLD REVOLUTION TO ,RUSSIAN /ATE CAPITALISM4 ,& /ILL E>LI]1 ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY DIRECT$ !SE SAME >GUM5TS AGA9/ ,L59 & ! COMMUNI/ MOVEM5T 9 G5]AL4 ,! /RUGGLE AGA9/ DOGMATISM1 AS IT HAS HI!RTO BE5 CONDUCT$1 WAS LIMIT$ TO A /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! RADICAL T5D5CIES 9 ! LABOR MOVEM5T1 T5D5CIES :I* ?REAT5$ TO BECOME DANG]\S TO ! ALREADY E/ABLI%$ ORGANIZATIONS & !IR [N]S4 ,! PRE-W> DEBATES )9 ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY1 DIRECT$ AGA9/ ! REVOLUTION>Y OPPOSITION1 ! >GUM5T ( ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY AGA9/ ! ,BOL%EVIKS1 ,L59'S EXHORTATIONS AGA9/ ! C\NCIL COMMUNI/S1 & N[ ,HOOK'S /RUGGLE AGA9/ 0DOGMATISM0 >E QUITE UNDI/+UI%ABLE4 ,ALL W]E ACCUS$ ( DOGMATISM3 ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY1 SO LONG AS IT HAD A REVOLUTION>Y *>ACT]2 ! ,BOL%EVIKS1 SO LONG AS !Y W]E REVOLUTION>Y2 & ! C\NCIL MOVEM5T1 BECAUSE IT DIRECT$ ITSELF AGA9/ ! SELF-SUFFICI5CY ( ! P>TIES4 ,ALL ! IDEOLOGICAL POSITIONS 79CLUD+ ?AT ( ,HOOK7 DIRECT$ AGA9/ ! RADICAL MOVEM5T W]E TAK5 UND] ! PRETEXT ( COMBAT+ DOGMATISM4 ,! SOCIAL DEMOCRAT ,CURT ,GEY] HAS GIV5 ! BE/ EXPRESSION ( !IR COMMON *>ACT]I/ICS1 & HIS >GUM5TS RESEMBLE ?OSE ( ,HOOK TO A HAIR4 ,GEY] WRITES.<#g.>3 0,! RADICAL COMMUNI/ FELL 9TO ! ]ROR ( CONFUS+ PROBABILITY ) NECESSITY1 ( SEE+ 9 ! ECONOMIC & HI/ORICAL T5D5CIES E/ABLI%$ BY !MSELVES1 LAWS 9 ! S5SE ( ! NATURAL LAWS ( ! E>LI] NATURAL SCI5CES1 LAWS :I* >E GIV5 A PRIORI & GOV]N ! WORLD LIKE A BL9D PROVID5CE 444 ,!IR PHILOSOPHY ( HI/ORY REVEALS A HIIAT AS AN ACTIVE FACTOR 9 ! HI/ORICAL DEVELOPM5T1 9 G5]AL ! ROLE ( MAN 9 HI/ORY1 W5T F> 9TO ! BACKGR\ND 444 ,?IS ME*ANISM RE/$ 9 P>T ON ! D]IVATION ( ALL HI/ORICAL DEVELOPM5T FROM AN ECONOMY1 :I* WAS ?\T ON A TELEOLOGICAL CONCEPTION ( ! FUNCTION ( ! MASS 9 HI/ORY4 ,RADICALISM ASCRIBES TO ! MASS ! CAPACITY ( GETT+ A PROP] GRASP ( A DET]M9ATE HI/ORICAL SITUATION & ( ITS FUNCTION 9 ! G5]AL DEVELOPM5T1 NOT 9TELLECTUALLY1 TO BE SURE1 BUT 9/9CTIVELY1 & H5CE ! CAPABILITY ( TAK+ ACTION 9/9CTIVELY 9 ! DIRECTION ( SOCIAL PROGRESS4 ,?IS CAPABILITY IS TRAC$ BACK TO A MY/ICAL CLASS CONSCI\SNESS :I* GUIDES ! ATTITUDE ( ! MASS & H5CE ! C\RSE ( HI/ORY1 A CLASS CONSCI\SNESS :I* >ISES AUTOMATICALLY1 AS ?R\< A NECESSITY ( NATURE1 ?R\< ! CLASS POSITION ( ! MASSES1 AS EFFECT FROM CAUSE4 ,?IS CLASS CONSCI\SNESS IS NOT VIEW$ BY RADICALISM AS ! 9TELLECTUAL 9SIGE ( CONFUS+ PROBABILITY ) NECESSITY IS AN EMPTY PHRASE4 ,PROBABILITY PRESUPPOSES ! POSSIBILITY ( DECISION2 ACCORD+ TO ,GEY]1 & ALSO ACCORD+ TO ,HOOK1 ONE CAN DECIDE 9 SU* OR SU* MANN] AT WILL4 ,:5 & = :AT DOES NOT1 ACCORD+ TO !M1 DEP5D DIRECTLY ON MAN1 BUT :E!R DOES4 ,?IS CONCEPTION PRESUPPOSES = ! SOCIAL MOVEM5T ! EXI/5CE ( A SOCIAL WILL1 A ?+ :I*1 H[EV]1 IS NOT PRES5T 9 CAPITALI/IC SOCIETY4 ,CONSEQU5TLY1 ?IS CONCEPTION RELATES SOCIAL MOVEM5T TO ! UNC]TA9TY ( ! 9DIVIDUAL1 :I* IS NATURALLY NONS5SE4 ,BUT IT IS PRECISELY ?IS NONS5SE :I* EXPLA9S ! LUGG+ 9 ( ! *>GE ( MY/ICISM DIRECT$ AGA9/ RADICALISM 7OR 0DOGMATISM071 S9CE IT IS OBVI\SLY IMPOSSIBLE = P]SONS HOLD+ SU* A VIEW TO CONCEIVE ( ANY O!R ?AN ! 09TELLECT-CONSCI\SNESS10 OR AT BE/ TO /ILL GRANT ! VALIDITY ( ANY?+ O!R ?AN 09/9CTS40 ,GEY]'S CRITICISM ( RADICALISM1 AS ABOVE EXEMPLIFI$1 LEAVES RADICALISM QUITE UNSCA!D2 IT M]ELY REVEALS ! WEAKNESS ( ! 0CRITIC10 :O FAIL$ TO REALIZE ?AT 9 CAPITALISM IT IS NOT ! 0WILL0 BUT ! WILL-LESS M>KET :I* DET]M9ES ! DE/9IES ( MANK9D4 ,IT IS NOT MAN :O DET]M9ES 9 CAPITALISM - & IT IS ONLY UND] !SE CONDITIONS ?AT IT IS POSSIBLE TO SPEAK ( PROBABILITY - BUT ! WILL ( MANK9D1 AS WELL AS ! LIFE ( SOCIETY1 >E COMPLETELY SUBJECT$ TO ! M>KET1 !IR ACTIONS >E NECESS>Y ONES1 COMPELL$ BY ! M>KET RELATION4 ,IF !Y DO NOT CON=M TO ?IS M>KET COMPULSION1 !Y CEASE TO EXI/1 9 :I* CASE1 NATURALLY1 SO F> AS !Y >E CONC]N$1 EV]Y PROBLEM VANI%ES4 ,! DISORGANIZATION ( ?IS M>KET RELATION1 :I* IS ACTUALLY BE+ DISORGANIZ$ BY ! 9CREAS+ =CES ( PRODUCTION1 & )\T ! SUPPLEM5T>Y ADDITION ( WILL ON ! P>T ( MANK9D1 IS NOT CONDITION$ BUT NECESS>Y1 BECAUSE IT HAS NO?+ TO DO ) ! WILL4 ,IF ! REVOLUTION W]E DEP5D5T UPON ! P>TY1 ! LEAD] OR ! 9TELLECTCONSCI\SNESS1 !N IT W\LD NOT BE NECESS>Y BUT CONDITIONAL4 ,& IT IS ONLY ?IS WILL ( ! P>TY & ( ! LEAD] :I* ,GEY] HAS 9 M9D :5 HE SPEAKS ( ! ACTIVE ROLE ( MAN 9 HI/ORY4 ,! ROLE ( ! PROLET>IAT AS AN ACTIVE FACTOR 9 ! HI/ORICAL DEVELOPM5T COMES \T 9 MU* %>P] RELIEF PRECISELY ) ! ACCEPTANCE ( ! CONCEPT ( NECESSITY4 ,SOCIAL ADVANCE IS ID5TICAL ) ! ABOLITION ( WAGE LABOR4 ,ACCORD+LY ! PROLET>IAT1 AS SOON AS IT ACTS = ITSELF1 CAN NOT ACT FALSELY & MU/ ( NECESSITY ACT 9 ACCORDANCE ) SOCIAL ADVANCE4 ,TO *>ACT]IZE ?IS AS TELEOLOGY PRESUPPOSES A COMPLETE MISUND]/&+ ( ! LAWS ( ECONOMIC MOVEM5T4 ,! /RUGGLE ( ! PROLET>IAT = ITS EXI/5CE - NOT ! IDEOLOGICAL /RUGGLE ( ! REVOLUTIONI/S AMONG ! PROLET>IAT1 BUT ! /RUGGLE ( ! PROLET>IAT AS IT IS - MU/ LEAD TO ! ABOLITION ( WAGE LABOR & ?US ASSURES ! RELEASE ( ! PRODUCTIVE =CES RE/RICT$ BY CAPITALISM4 ,! V]Y CIRCUM/ANCE ?AT ! WORK]S COME \T 9 BEHALF ( !IR SPECIFICALLY MAT]IAL 9T]E/S MAKES !M REVOLUTIONI/S & 5ABLES !RE TO ACT 9 ACCORDANCE ) G5]AL SOCIAL PROGRESS4 ,?IS CONCEPTION HAS NO NE$ :ATSOEV] ( ANY MY/ICAL CLASSCONSCI\SNESS1 REG>DLESS ( ITS S\RCE4 ,GEY]'S >GUM5TS1 :I* ,HOOK MU/ C]TA9LY %>E1 %[ ?AT 9 ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ DOGMATISM IT IS ALWAYS ONLY ! RADICAL MOVEM5T :I* IS TAK5 AS A T>GET4 ,?IS MOVEM5T IS NECESS>ILY SELF-SUFFICI5T1 & IT CAN NOT YIELD TO ! DEM&S ( ! V>I\S 9DIVIDUALS OR GR\PS1 BUT TAKES LIT]ALLY ! IDEA ?AT ! LIB]ATION ( ! WORK]S CAN ONLY BE ! RESULT ( !IR [N ACTIONS4 ,IT MITY MOVEM5T IS /ILL C>RI$ ON !RE1 AT BE/1 AS A TRADITIONAL MANN] ( SPEE*4 ,9 REALITY1 ! ONLY PR9CIPLE ( ! COMMUNI/ P>TY MOVEM5T - TO USE A PHRASE ( ,ROSA ,LUXEMBURG'S ) REF]5CE TO OPPORTUNISM 9 G5]AL - IS 0! LACK ( PR9CIPLES40 ,IF ! COMMUNI/ P>TY W]E AS 0DOGMATIC0 AS ,HOOK LIKES TO BELIEVE1 IT MID$ AS A REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T2 = ! 0DOGMATISM0 ) :I* IT IS *>G$ BUT :I* IS NOT PRES5T W\LD BE NO?+ ELSE ?AN ! FIR/ BEG9N+S ( REVOLUTION>Y ,M>XISM4 ,BUT ! OLD LABOR MOVEM5T - FROM ,NOSKE TO ,TROTSKY - HAS NO CONNECTION ) ,M>XISM1 & H5CE IT CAN ALSO NOT BE ACCUS$ ( DOGMATISM4 ,NEV] W]E ORGANIZATIONS MORE UNDOGMATIC1 MORE UNPR9CIPL$1 MORE UNOR?ODOX1 MORE V5AL1 MORE OPPORTUNE ?AN ! TWO GREAT CURR5TS ( ! 0LABOR MOVEM5T0 & ( ITS V>I\S BRAN*ES :I* >E N[ PA/4 ,TO REPROA* !M ) DOGMATISM IS TO CONFUSE ! PHRASE ) REALITY4 ,IF ONE APPRAISES !SE ORGANIZATIONS1 NOT BY :AT !Y SAY BUT BY :AT !Y DO1 NO TRACE ( DOGMATISM IS TO BE F\ND4 ,X,I,I ,9 ! >TICLE ALREADY M5TION$1.<#h.> ,HOOK HAS FLATLY DISMISS$ ! CONCEPTION ( ! 9EVITABILITY ( COMMUNISM & ! CONCEPTION ( SPONTANEITY :I* GOES ) IT4 ,ACCORD+ TO ,HOOK1 ! 0DOGMA0 ?AT COMMUNISM IS 9EVITABLE IS TO BE REJECT$ BECAUSE 0IT MAKES UN9TELLIGIBLE ANY ACTIVITY 9 BEHALF ( COMMUNISM0 7,PAGE #a#e#c74 ,GRANT+ ?AT ?IS W]E SO 7?\< 9 \R OP9ION IT IS NOT71 ?IS >GUM5T1 AS WELL AS ! FUR!R >GUM5TS :I* ,HOOK EMPLOYS1 (F]S NO?+ TO DISPROVE ! CONCEPTION ( ! NECESSITY ( SOCIAL ADVANCE1 :I* CAN BE SE5 ONLY 9 COMMUNISM4 ,HOOK'S >GUM5T1 REJECT+ ! IDEA ( NECESSITY IS JU/ AS IMPOSSIBLE TO ACCEPT AS ! D5IAL ?AT WAT] IS WET1 M]ELY ON ! GR\ND ?AT WETNESS IS UNPLEASANT4 ,?AT ?IS SO-CALL$ DOGMA 0D5IES ?AT ?9K+ MAKES ANY DIFF]5CE TO ! ULTIMATE \TCOME0 7PAGE #a#e#c7 IS AN >GUM5T 9V5T$ BY ,HOOK3 ?OSE :O HOLD TO ?IS ALLEG$ DOGMA DO NOT QUE/ION :AT ,HOOK IS PLEAS$ TO TAKE = GRANT$4 ,9 FACT1 ?IS 0DOGMATISM0 HAS NO NE$ :ATEV] TO DISPUTE ! DET]M9+ ROLE ( ?\T+ PO9T ! ASSUMPTION ?AT IT IS 0ABSURD 7TO BELIEVE7 ?AT ! WORK+ CLASS BY ITS [N UNAID$ P[] CAN A*IEVE VICTORY0 7PAGE #a#d#f74 ,TO ,HOOK1 ACCORD+LY1 IT IS 0! TASK ( ! COMMUNI/S TO $UCATE !M 7! WORK]S TO PROP] CLASS CONSCI\SNESS & TO LEAD !M0 7PAGE #a#d#f74 ,ON ?IS SAME GR\ND1 AS WE HAVE ALREADY SE51 ! !ORY ( VALUE HAD = ,HOOK NO PR$ICTIVE P[]4 ,! MOVEM5T ( CAPITAL ON ! BASIS ( VALUE IS1 H[EV]1 NO?+ ELSE ?AN ! DIALECTICAL MOVEM5T ( SOCIETY ITSELF1 & ! KN[L$GE ( ! DIALECTICAL ME?OD IS H]E ONLY ! KN[L$GE ( ?IS MOVEM5T4 ,IF ONE REJECTS ! PR$ICTIVE P[] ( ! !ORY ( VALUE1 ONE REJECTS AT ! SAME TIME ! DIALECTICAL ME?OD4 ,IF ONE FOLL[S ! MOVEM5T ( CAPITAL :ILE AT ! SAME TIME HOLD+ FA/ TO ! DIALECTICAL ME?OD1 IT IS SE5 ?AT ! ALLEG$ DOGMA ) :I* WE >E H]E CONC]N$ IS NO?+ O!R ?AN ! REALI/IC RECOGNITION ( ! REAL MOVEM5T ( CAPITAL4 ,9 AN >TICLE :I* APPE>$ REC5TLY 9 ! ,ZEITS*RIFT = ,SOZIAL=S*UNG 7#a#i#c#c1 ,NO4 #c71 ,MAX ,HORKHEIM] HAS TAK5 UP ! PROBLEM ( PR$ICTION 9 ! SOCIAL SCI5CES1 COM+ TO CONCLUSIONS :I* WE %>E & :I* WE CANNOT REFRA9 FROM OPPOS+ TO ?OSE ( ,HOOK4 0,! OBJECTION0 7?AT ! SOCIAL SCI5CES PRECLUDE PR$ICTIONS7 WRITES ,HORKHEIM]1 0APPLIES ONLY TO SPECIAL CASES & NOT TO ! PR9CIPLE 444 ,!RE >E BROAD FIELDS ( KN[L$GE 9 :I* WE >E NOT LIMIT$ TO ! /ATEM5T3 '9 CASE !SE CONDITIONS >E FULFILL$1 ?AT WILL HAPP5' BUT 9 :I* WE MAY SAY3 '!SE CONDITIONS >E N[ FULFILL$1 & !RE=E ?AT EXPECT$ EV5T WILL OCCUR )\T ANY 9T]V5TION ( \R WILL' 444 ,IT IS C]TA9LY 9CORRECT TO SAY ?AT PR$ICTION IS ONLY POSSIBLE :5 ! OCCURR5CE ( ! NECESS>Y CONDITIONS DEP5DS ON ! P]SON :O PR$ICTS1 BUT ! PR$ICTION WILL NEV]!LESS BE ! MORE PLAUSIBLE AS ! CONDITION+ RELATIONS DEP5D MORE ON ! HUMAN WILL1 ?AT IS1 ! DEGREE 9 :I* ! PR$ICT$ EFFECT IS NOT ! PRODUCT ( BL9D NATURE BUT ! RESULT ( REASONABLE DECISIONS4 ,! MANN] 9 :I* CAPITALI/ SOCIETY MA9TA9S & R5EWS ITS LIFE HAS MORE RESEMBLANCE TO ! C\RSE ( A NATURAL ME*ANISM ?AN TO AN ACTION DIRECT$ T[>D A GOAL 444 ,IT MAY BE /AT$ AS LAW1 ?AT ) 9CREAS+ *ANGE ( ! /RUCTURE 7( PRES5T SOCIETY7 9 ! DIRECTION ( UNIFI$ ORGANIZATION & PLANN+1 PR$ICTIONS ALSO WILL W9 A HI<] DEGREE ( C]TA9TY4 ,TO ! DEGREE '9 :I* SOCIAL LIFE LOSES ! *>ACT] ( A BL9D PROCESS ( NATURE & SOCIETY TAKES ON =MS 9 :I* IT CON/ITUTES ITSELF AS A REASON+ SUBJECT1 ! MORE DEF9ITELY CAN ! SOCIAL PROCESS BE PR$ICT$4 ,H5CE ! POSSIBILITY ( PR$ICTION DOES NOT DEP5D EXCLUSIVELY ON ! REF9EM5T ( ME?ODS & ON ! S5SITIVITY ( ! SOCIOLOGI/S1 BUT EQUALLY UPON ! DEVELOPM5T ( !IR OBJECT1 ON ! /RUCTURAL *ANGES 9 SOCIETY ITSELF 444 ,SO ?AT ! SOCIOLOGI/'S CONC]N ) >RIV+ AT MORE EXACT PR$ICTIONS IS CONV]T$ 9TO ! POLITICAL /RIV+ = ! REALIZATION ( A REASONABLE SOCIETY40 ,! ,M>XIAN AB/RACTION :I* FIR/ LEFT ! REAL M>KET PROBLEM COMPLETELY \T ( CONSID]ATION & :I* HAD REC\RSE ONLY TO ! DI/RIBUTION ( ! CONDITIONS ( PRODUCTION BETWE5 CAPITAL & LABOR 7MEANS ( PRODUCTION & LABOR P[]71 ?US NEGLECT+ ! *>ACT] ( A BL9D NATURAL PROCESS :I* SOCIAL LIFE POSSESSES UND] CAPITALISM & HOLD+ /RICTLY TO ! !ORY ( VALUE1 L$ TO ! RECOGNITION ?AT ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM MU/ COLLAPSE4 ,9 ?IS WAY IT WAS ALSO POSSIBLE1 ON ! BASIS ( ! SITUATION NECESS>ILY CREAT$ BY CAPITALISM 9 ! C\RSE ( ITS DEVELOPM5T1 TO COME TO A CONCLUSION REG>D+ ! *>ACT] ( ! REVOLUTION & ITS RESULTS4 ,CAPITALI/ SOCIETY HAS FUR!R$ ! =CES ( PRODUCTION 9 SU* MEASURE ?AT !IR COMPLETE SOCIALIZATION IS UNAVOIDABLE1 ?AT !Y CAN NO LONG] TRULY FUNCTION EXCEPT UND] COMMUNI/ RELATIONS ( PRODUCTION4 ,IF1 TO ,M>X1 ! COLLAPSE WAS UNAVOIDABLE1 SO ALSO AT ! SAME TIME WAS COMMUNISM 9EVITABLE4 ,IF ! PRES5T MOVEM5T IS ONLY POSSIBLE ON ! BASIS ( ! PREVI\S ONE1 !N WE MAY JUDGE FROM ! PRES5T ONE AS TO ! NATURE ( ! FUTURE MOVEM5T4 ,AS TO H[ F>1 ?AT DEP5DS ON ! LEVEL :I* ! PRES5T MOVEM5T HAS ATTA9$1 BUT ?IS CONSID]ATION ALWAYS REMA9S LIMIT$4 ,AS TO :AT WILL COME FROM COMMUNI/ SOCIETY1 ?AT CANNOT BE SAID BE=E SU* A SOCIETY EXI/S3 BUT :AT WILL COME FROM CAPITALI/ SOCIETY IS REVEAL$ BY ITS [N MAT]IAL CONDITIONS4 ,! MORE CAPITALI/ SOCIETY DEVELOPS1 & ?US AT ! SAME TIME GOES TO PIECES1 ! CLE>] BECOME ! FEATURES ( COMMUNI/ SOCIETY4 ,:ILE ,M>X1 :O HAT$ NO?+ SO MU* AS UTOPIANS1 C\LD GO NO FUR!R ?AN ! COLLAPSE ( CAPITALISM1 IT IS POSSIBLE TODAY1 9 ! MID/ ( ! COLLAPSE1 TO SKET* ! LAWS ( MOVEM5T ( ! COMMUNI/ SOCIETY ) SOME DEGREE ( DEF9IT5ESS4 ,AN ANALYSIS ( CAPITALI/ SOCIETY1 :I* IMPLIES LOOK+ 9TO ITS [N 9N] LAWS ( DEVELOPM5T1 P]MITS NO O!R CONCLUSION1 ON A SCI5TIFIC BASIS & ) ! ACCEPTANCE ( ! !ORY ( VALUE1 ?AN ?AT COMMUNISM IS 9EVITABLE4 ,ANYONE :O TAKES A HO/ILE ATTITUDE TO ?IS 0DOGMA0 ONLY ILLU/RATES ! WEAKNESS ( HIS UND]/&+ ( ECONOMICS1 & HE HAS ACTUALLY NO?+ LEFT TO DO BUT CLOSE UP 9SIDE HIMSELF1 HIS WILL1 HIS 9TELLIG5CE2 9 %ORT1 HE MU/ /ICK FA/ 9 ! IDEOLOGICAL WORLD ( ! B\RGEOISIE1 & HIS CONSCI\SNESS MU/ NECESS>ILY BE CL\D$4 ,& PRECISELY = ?AT REASON HIS ASSAULTS ON 0DOGMATISM10 ON 0MY/ICISM10 MU/ BECOME EV] MORE SAVAGE1 ! MORE HE SUCCUMBS TO ! CAPITALI/IC MAGIC4 ,IT GOES )\T SAY+ ?AT ! REJECTION ( ! CONCEPT ?AT COMMUNISM IS 9EVITABLE 9VOLVES ALSO ! REJECTION ( ! SPONTANEITY !ORY4 ,& 9 FACT WE F9D ?AT TO ,HOOK 0! DOCTR9E ( 'SPONTANEITY'1 :I* TEA*ES ?AT ! DAILY EXP]I5CES ( ! WORK+ CLASS SPONTANE\SLY G5]ATES POLITICAL CLASS CONSCI\SNESS0 IS PAT5T NONS5SE4 ,TO HIM1 AS WE HAVE ALREADY SE51 IT IS RA!R ! 0$UCATION0 PROVID$ BY ! COMMUNI/S :I* TAKES C>E ( ! 0PROP]0 CLASS CONSCI\SNESS4 ,$UCATION IS H]E SET OV] AGA9/ EXP]I5CE1 AS IF ! ONE W]E NOT CONDITION$ BY ! O!R1 AS IF BO? W]E NOT TWO SIDES ( ! SAME PROCESS4 ',!SE >GUM5TS TOO1 LIKE ?OSE :I* ,HOOK EMPLOYS AGA9/ 9EVITABILITY1 >E GRATUIT\S4 ,BUT EV5 IF ONE W]E TO ACCEPT !M ON 9EVITABLE GR\NDS1 :AT W\LD !Y AM\NT TO 9 VIEW ( ! FACT ?AT 9 SPITE ( !SE >GUM5TS ALL REAL REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5TS1 AS EV5 ! SELF-SUFFICI5CY ( A ,TROTSKY IS (T5 =C$ TO ADMIT1 HAD A SPONTANE\S *>ACT]4 ,ROSA ,LUXEMBURG1 9 H] WRIT+S AGA9/ ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY AS WELL AS AGA9/ ! ,BOL%EVIKS1 HAS ALREADY PROV$ ?IS ) SUFFICI5T =CE1 SO ?AT IT IS H]E SUP]FLU\S TO REC\NT ONCE MORE ! HI/ORY ( ! CONTEMPOR>Y REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T4 ,IT SEEMS MORE IMPORTANT TO US TO DISPOSE 9 ADVANCE ( AN >GUM5T :I* IS FREQU5TLY ADVANC$ AGA9/ ! CONCEPT ( SPONTANEITY1 NAMELY1 ?AT EV5 FROM ! /&PO9T ( SPONTANEITY ! MASSES HAVE (T5 %[N !IR 9ADEQUACY4 ,:Y WAS IT1 !SE CRITICS LIKE TO REM>K IRONICALLY1 ?AT ! MASSES FAIL$1 = EXAMPLE1 TO PREV5T ! SETT+ UP ( ! ,HITL] DICTATOR%IP8 ,IT IS ! SAME SORT ( QUE/ION :I* IS OPPOS$ TO ! !ORY ( COLLAPSE3 :Y1 !N1 HAS CAPITALISM NEV] YET COLLAPS$8 ,9 BO? CASES1 WE >E M]ELY CONFRONT$ ) A MISUND]/&+ ( ! !ORIES 9 QUE/ION4 ,! SO FREQU5TLY M5TION$ DIALECTICAL =MULA ( ! CONV]SION ( QUANTITY 9TO QUALITY1 :I* >E NECESS>ILY SEP>AT$ BY ! PROCESS ( DEVELOPM5T1 ALSO FURNI%ES ! EXPLANATION ( \R /&PO9T1 ?AT ( ?OSE :O ACCEPT ! DOCTR9ES ( SPONTANEITY & COLLAPSE4 ,9 BO? CASES1 ! QUE/ION IS ONE AS TO ! MOM5T ( ! CONV]SION4 ,IT IS1 9 FACT1 A CONV]SION :I* IS REPEAT$ AGA9 & AGA9 ON A MORE EXT5SIVE SCALE1 SO ?AT1 TO EMPLOY AN EXPRESSION ( ,H5RYK ,GROSSMANN'S 0EV]Y CRISIS IS A PH5OM5ON ( COLLAPSE & ! F9AL COLLAPSE IS NO?+ BUT AN 9SOLUBLE CRISIS40 ,! !ORY ( COLLAPSE DOES NOT RE/ UPON ANY AUTOMATIC PROCESS1 NOR DOES ! CONCEPT ( SPONTANEITY ASSUME ON ANY MY/ICAL GR\ND ?AT ! MASSES SOMETIME OR O!R WILL BREAK \T 9 REVOLT4 ,COLLAPSE & SPONTANEITY1 BO? >E TO BE REG>D$ ONLY FROM ! /&PO9T ( ! CONV]SION ( QUANTITY 9TO QUALITY4 ,:Y IS IT ?AT1 AL?\< EA* CRISIS IS A COLLAPSE 9 M9IATURE1 ! SY/EM IS ABLE TO PULL \T ( IT8 ,SIMPLY BECAUSE ! T5D5CIES DIRECT$ AGA9/ ! COLLAPSE - T5D5CIES >IS+ ?R\< ! REALITIES ( ! SITUATION - >E NOT YET EXHAU/$4 ,IF !Y >E EXHAU/$ ) REF]5CE TO ! FUR!R NE$S ( ACCUMULATION1 ! CRISIS CAN NO LONG] BE OV]COME & MU/ NECESS>ILY TURN 9TO COLLAPSE4 ,IT IS ! SAME WAY ) ! MASS MOVEM5T B\ND UP ) ?IS PROCESS4 ,SO LONG AS ! C\NT]-T5D5CIES AGA9/ REVOLUTION >E /RONG 5\<1 ! SPONTANE\S MOVEM5T ( ! MASSES WILL NOT BE ABLE TO ASS]T ITSELF4 ,9 FACT1 IT WILL REVEAL SU* WEAKNESS AS TO GIVE ! IMPRESSION ?AT IT C\LD NEV] BE MORE IMPORTANT ?AN AT PRES5T & ?AT !RE=E1 BY ! SIDE ( ITSELF 7= ( C\RSE NO ONE D5IES ! SPONTANEITY FACTOR ALTOGE!R71 HAS NE$ ( ! P>TY TO P>CEL \T & DIRECT ?IS SPONTANE\S FACTOR1 LIKE ALL ! O!R FACTORS1 9 ! 9T]E/ ( ! REVOLUTION4 ,IT IS ONLY BECAUSE ! ECONOMIC-POLITICAL T5D5CIES DIRECT$ AGA9/ ! SPONTANE\S ACTION ( ! MASSES W]E SO /RONG ?AT ! ACTUAL DE$S C\LD APPE> TO BE CONSCI\SLY >\S$4 ,! FEW REAL REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5TS :I* ,G]MANY1 = EXAMPLE1 C\LD PO9T TO CAME 9TO ACTION AGA9/ ! WILL ( ! V>I\S P>TIES1 EV5 AGA9/ ! WILL ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY4 7,CONSID]1 AS A CLASSIC EXAMPLE1 ! ,M>* MOVEM5T ( #a#i#b#a74 0,:ILE ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY P>TICIPAT$ 9 ?OSE ACTIONS1 ?AT WAS ONLY BECAUSE IT HAD NO?+ LEFT TO DO2 9 NO CASE DID !Y >ISE FROM ?AT P>TY'S 9ITIATIVE - ! 9ITIATIVE WAS CON/ANTLY FURNI%$ BY ! MASSES !MSELVES4 ,IT WAS NOT UNTIL ! SIZE ( ! P>TY WAS SU* AS TO BE DECISIVE ?AT IT C\LD REFUSE TO FOLL[ ! COMPULSION ( ! MASS 9ITIATIVE1 ?AT IT C\LD PREV5T ! MOVEM5TS ( ! PROLET>IAT - & IT DID PREV5T !M1 ?\< 9 SO DO+ IT HAD NECESS>ILY TO COLLAPSE AS A P>TY4 ,IT WAS ONLY AFT] AN 5ORM\S AM\NT ( P>TY 0$UCATION0 ?AT ! MASSES C\LD BE DECISIVELY DEFEAT$ = YE>S4 ,9 :AT O!R WAY IS TO BE EXPLA9$ ?AT ! CLASSCONSCI\SNESS ( ! MASSES CONT9UALLY RETROGRESS$ ) ! GR[? ( ! P>TIES & !IR 9FLU5CE8 ,H[ IS IT O!RWISE TO BE EXPLA9$ ?AT EV5 9 ,RUSSIA1 :]E ! REVOLUTION>Y P>TY 0C\LD BE LOAD$ ONTO A HAY WAGON10 ! WORK]S & PEASANTS ACCOMPLI%$ !IR REVOLUTION )\T HAV+ BE5 0$UCAT$0 TO IT8 ,9 FACT1 ?AT !Y C>RI$ ! REVOLUTION ?R\< ) GREAT] ?OR\TY & ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY1 BUT ! MASSES !MSELVES1 9 P>T ACTIVELY & 9 P>T ?R\< 9ACTIVITY4 ,= !SE P>TIES HAD GOT 9TO AN UNT5ABLE POSITION3 !Y DID NOT REPRES5T ! 9T]E/ ( ! WORK]S1 & !Y DID NOT CON=M ) ! 9T]E/S ( ! B\RGEOISIE4 ,?IS LATT] :O C\LD NOT B9D UP ITS IMP]IALI/IC AMBITIONS ) ?OSE ( ,MOSC[1 & ITS MILIT>I/IC DRIVE1 HAD TO BE PUT ?R\< 9 SU* PROPORTIONS & AT SU* A TEMPO AS C\LD NOT BE ASSUR$ BY ! TRADITION-B\ND 0LABOR MOVEM5T40 ,! ROLE ( !SE P>TIES WAS SIMPLY ! ROLE :I* ! B\RGEOISIE P]MITT$ !M4 ,! FACT ?AT ! SPONTANE\S MOVEM5TS >E (T5 UNABLE TO ASS]T !MSELVES IS NO PRO( ( !IR NONEXI/5CE4 ,! FLOOD CAN1 TO BE SURE1 BE HELD UP BY A DAM1 BUT ! DAM CANNOT DO AWAY ) IT4 ,AS TO H[ LONG ! FLOOD CAN BE DAMM$1 ?AT DEP5DS ON ! MEANS AT ! DISPOSAL ( ! DAM BUILD]S4 ,! LIMITATIONS ( !SE MEANS UND] CAPITALISM >E WELL KN[N4 ,! FLOOD ( ! SPONTANE\S MASS UPRIS+ WILL WA% AWAY ALL DAMS4 ,HOOK'S IDEA ?AT ! DOCTR9E ( SPONTANEITY CAN BE & IS US$ AS 0A JU/IFICATION = ! POLICY ( SPLIT & S*ISMATIC FISSION0 7PAGE #a#e#d7 IS 9COMPREH5SIBLE4 ,AS IF ! SPLITS SPRANG FROM ! WILL ( ! SPLATT]S & NOT RA!R FROM ! NATURE ( ! ORGANIZATIONS )9 CAPITALI/ SOCIETY4 ,BUT LEAV+ ?IS FACTOR TO ONE SIDE1 :AT1 ACCORD+ TO ,HOOK'S CONCEPTION1 WILL BECOME ( ! PROLET>IAN REVOLUTION :5 IT IS QUITE IMPOSSIBLE ANY LONG] TO BUILD UP /RONG1 9FLU5TIAL P>TIES :I* >E 0DECISIVE0 9 ! CLASS /RUGGLE8 ,:AT WILL BECOME ( ! REVOLUTION :5 ! RUL+ CLASS HAS SUCCE$$ 9 DE/ROY+ ALL ! 0GIANTS0 - LEAD]S1 P>TIES1 COMMUNI/ $UCATION1 ETC4 - & 9 DEPRIV+ !M P]MAN5TLY ( ! POSSIBILITY ( EX]CIS+ !IR FUNCTIONS8 ,FROM ,HOOK'S /&PO9T1 ! ONLY ANSW] IS ?AT !N !RE SIMPLY CAN BE NO REVOLUTION4 ,! REVOLUTION1 ACCORD+LY1 9 ! LA/ ANALYSIS - H[EV] HUMOR\S IT MAY S\ND - IS DEP5D5T ON ! DEMOCRATIC L5I5CE ( ! B\RGEOISIE4 ,JU/ AS TO ,MR4 ,G4 ,D4 ,H4 ,COLE1 = EXAMPLE1 ! PROSPECTS ( SOCIALISM HAVE DECL9$ AS A RESULT ( ! CAPITALI/ CRISIS1 & :O REG>DS SOCIALISM AS DEVELOP+ MU* BETT] \T ( CAPITALI/ PROSP]ITY1 SO TO ,HOOK1 EV5 ?\< NOT ADMITT$LY1 ! EXI/5CE ( DEMOCRACY IS ! PRESUPPOSITION = ! PROLET>IAN REVOLUTION4 7,IT GOES )\T SAY+ ?AT ! ILLEGAL LABOR MOVEM5T CAN NOT BE EMBRAC$ 9 ! ,HOOKIAN CONCEPT ( ! P>TY74 ,9 BO? CASES1 = ,HOOK AS WELL AS = ,COLE1 IT IS ! 9TELLECT-CONSCI\SNESS :I* SUCCE$S 9 CONV9C+ ! WORLD1 OR AT LEA/ A PREPOND]ANT P]C5TAGE ( ! WORK]S1 ( ! BLESS+S ( SOCIALISM OR ( ! BEAUTY ( ! REVOLUTION1 & !REUPON BO? >E 0DESIR$40 ,?IS S*OOLMA/]LY ATTITUDE MAY FIT 9 ) ! C\RSE ( POLITICAL 9/RUCTION1 BUT ) RESPECT TO ! REVOLUTION IT CAN ONLY PRODUCE A COMIC EFFECT4 ,M>X'S ANALYSIS ( ! CAPITALI/ LAWS ( ACCUMULATION 5DS UP 9 ! PROLET>IAN REVOLUTION4 ,IT GOES )\T SAY+ ?AT TO ,M>X !RE WAS NO PURELY ECONOMIC PROBLEM4 ,LONG BE=E ! CAPITALI/ DEVELOPM5T HAS REA*$ ! ECONOMIC 5D-PO9T FIX$ BY !ORETICAL CONSID]ATIONS ! MASSES WILL ALREADY HAVE PUT AN 5D TO ! SY/EM4 ,! CYCLICAL CRISIS IS CONV]T$ 9TO ! P]MAN5T CRISIS1 A CONDITION 9 :I* CAPITALISM IS ABLE /ILL TO EXI/ ONLY ?R\< ! CONT9U+ & ABSOLUTE IMPOV]I%M5T ( ! PROLET>IAT4 ,?IS P]IOD1 A :OLE HI/ORICAL PHASE1 COMPELS ! B\RGEOISIE TO P]MAN5T T]RORISM AGA9/ ! WORK+ POPULATION1 S9CE UND] SU* CONDITIONS ANY DECREASE ( PR(IT BY WAY ( ! CLASS /RUGGLE BR+S 9TO QUE/ION MORE & MORE ! SY/EM ITSELF4 ,! PROCESS ( CONC5TRATION HAS ALSO MADE ! BASIS = ! RULE ( ! B\RGEOISIE SO N>R[ ?AT A RELATIVELY FRICTIONLESS SOCIAL PRACTICE IS /ILL POSSIBLE ONLY ?R\< OP5 DICTATOR%IP4 ,! 5D ( DEMOCRACY HAS COME4 ,) IT !RE DISAPPE> ALSO ! LABOR ORGANIZATIONS B\ND UP ) DEMOCRACY1 FRE$OM ( SPEE* & ( ! PRESS1 ETC4 ,! LONG] CAPITALISM LIVES1 ! DEEP] ! CRISIS & ! %>P] ! T]RORISM4 ,?IS CAPITALI/ NECESSITY CANNOT BE AVOID$ BY WAY ( DEMOCRACY4 ,! V]Y SAFEGU>D+ ( 0=MAL DEMOCRACY0 COMPELS ! FALL ( CAPITALISM1 SO ?AT NATURALLY CAPITALI/ DEMOCRACY BECOMES A ?+ ( ! PA/4 ,! 5D ( DEMOCRACY 9VOLVES ! 5D ( ! LABOR MOVEM5T 9 ! ,HOOKIAN S5SE2 HE HAS NO?+ LEFT TO DO BUT TURN AWAY DISILLUSION$ FROM ! WORK]S :O FAIL$ TO LI/5 TO HIM SOON 5\<4 ,WORLD HI/ORY /&S /ILL BECAUSE ! WORK]S DID NOT LET !MSELVES BE 0$UCAT$40 ,BUT ! CONCEPT ( SPONTANEITY WILL ALSO BE ADEQUATE TO ?IS SITUATION4 ,! P]MAN5T CRISIS %>P5S ! CLASS /RUGGLE 9 ! SAME MEASURE AS IT SUPPRESSES ?AT /RUGGLE4 ,CZ>ISM EXPLA9$ NOT ONLY ! LAT5ESS ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION BUT AT ! SAME TIME ITS M>VEL\S & FE>FUL P[] :5 IT BROKE \T1 9 SPITE ( ! ABS5CE ( 0$UCATORS0 & ( PREPOND]ANT ORGANIZATIONS4 ,! ACTION WAS AT ! SAME TIME ! ORGANIZATION1 ! ACTIVE FIB>ISM2 BUT ! CLASS /RUGGLE CANNOT BE DISPOS$ (1 EXCEPT BY ! SETT+ ASIDE ( CLASSES4 ,! V]Y DE/RUCTION ( ! LEGAL LABOR ORGANIZATION IS A BETT] 9DICATION ?AN ANY?+ ELSE ( ! DEEP5+ ( ! CLASS /RUGGLE1 ?\< ?IS IS NOT TO PROCLAIM ! REVOLUTION>Y QUALITY ( ! P>TIES DE/ROY$4 ,!RE IS1 H[EV]1 NO FIX$ PO9T ( TIME = ! REVOLUTION4 ,EV5 ?\< ONE HOLDS ! REVOLUTION TO BE 9EVITABLE1 NO?+ HAS !REBY BE5 SAID REG>D+ ITS TIME ( >RIVAL4 ,& ANY >GUM5T TO ! EFFECT ?AT ! ,FASCI/ ,/ATE IS 9EVITABLE IS NONS5SE1 S]V+ M]ELY TO CONCEAL ! BETRAYAL P]PETRAT$ BY ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,9 #a#i#a#h1 = EXAMPLE1 IT HAD BECOME POSSIBLE = ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY TO SUPPRESS ! C\NCIL MOVEM5T 9 ! BLOOD ( ! WORK]S4 ,! OPPOSITE MI :Y ! =M] OCCURR$ RA!R ?AN ! LATT]4 ,! FACTOR ( 0ACCID5T10 ( 0LEAD]%IP10 ETC4 IS UND5IABLE & %ALL NOT BE D5I$1 BUT ONE MU/ ALSO RECOGNIZE ITS LIMITS & ITS *ANG+ ROLE 9 ! HI/ORICAL PROCESS4 ,JU/ AS IT WAS POSSIBLE 9 #aibc = ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY ( ,G]MANY TO HOLD ! MASSES (F FROM ! REVOLUTION>Y UPRIS+1 IT MIRI$ ?R\< BY ! WORK]S !MSELVES1 = ! PREVI\S C\RSE ( HI/ORY HAS CREAT$ A CONDITION :I* P]MITS ( NO O!R SOLUTION1 BECAUSE ?AT SOLUTION IS ID5TICAL ) ! PRES5T LIFE NECESSITIES ( ! MAJORITY ( MANK9D4 ,& ! PROLET>IAN REVOLUTION1 :ILE IT *ANGES ! WORLD1 WILL NOT NEGLECT TO $UCATE ! A/ONI%$ 0$UCATORS40 ,NOTES3 #a4 ,SIDNEY ,HOOK3 ,T[>DS ! ,UND]/&+ ( ,K>L ,M>X4 7,JOHN ,DAY ,COMPANY4 ,NEW ,YORK1 #a#i#c#c74 #b4 ,! QUOTATION M>KS 9 :I* ,M>X 5CLOSES HIS 0ACCID5TS0 %[ ! RE/RICT$ S5SE 9 :I* HE WI%ES TO HAVE !M TAK54 ,! WORD FIR/ 7ZU]/7 T[>D ! 5D ( ! PASSAGE EMPHASIZES ?IS /ILL MORE4 7,! WORD IS OMITT$ 9 ,HOOK'S TEXT74 ,! ITALICS >E M9E4 #c4 ,IT W\LD LEAD US TOO F> AT PRES5T TO DEVELOP MORE FULLY ! ,M>XIAN !ORY ( ACCUMULATION & COLLAPSE4 ,?IS SUBJECT WILL BE TREAT$ AT L5G? ELSE:]E4 #d4 ,POTEMK9 WAS ! LEAD+ M9I/] UND] ,CA!R9E ( ,RUSSIA4 ,:5 ! ,CZ>9A TOOK A TRIP ?R\< ! PROV9CES1 ,POTEMK9 HAD >TIFICIAL VILLAGE-FRONTS CON/RUCT$ ALONG H] C\RSE TO MAKE H] BELIEVE ?AT ALL WAS MILK & HONEY 9 H] DOMA9S4 ,! NAME ( ! M9I/] HAS 9 CONSEQU5CE BECOME A SYNONYM = 0SPURI\S40 #e4 ,! ,NEW ,REPUBLIC1 ,FEB4 #b#h1 #a#i#c#d4 #f4 ,COMP>E1 9 ADDITION TO ,HOOK'S BOOK1 ALSO HIS >TICLE 9 ! ,APRIL 7#a#i#c#d7 NUMB] ( ,! ,MOD]N ,MON?LY3 0,COMMUNISM ,)\T ,DOGMAS40 #g4 ,D] ,RADIKALISMUS 9 D] DEUTS*5 ,>BEIT]BEWEGUNG 7,J5A #a#i#b#c74 #h4 0,COMMUNISM ,)\T ,DOGMAS40 ,! PAGE NUMB]S 9 P>5!SIS HAVE REF]5CE TO ?IS >TICLE 9 ,! ,MOD]N ,MON?LY4 ,! ,9EVITABILITY ( ,COMMUNISM WAS PUBLI%$ 9 #aicf 9 ,NEW ,YORK BY ,POLEMIC ,PUBLI%]S APPE>+ AS ,POLEMIC ,PAMPHLET ,NO4 #c1 $IT$ BY ,S4,L4 ,SOLON4 ,S4,L4 ,SOLON 9TRODUC$ ! TEXT3 0,! PUBLICATION ( ,T[>DS ! ,UND]/&+ ( ,K>L ,M>X BY ,SIDNEY ,HOOK 9 ,JANU>Y #aicc S]V$ AS ! SIGNAL = ! RELEASE ( A VIRTUAL FLOOD ( CONTROV]SIAL & 9T]PRETATIVE LIT]ATURE ON ,M>XISM4 ,HAIL$ & D5\NC$1 RESPECT$ & SUSPECT$ 9 DIFF]5T RADICAL QU>T]S1 ,HOOK'S BOOK %>PLY POS$ ! QUE/ION3 ,:O >E ! ,M>XI/S8 ,S5TIM5T BO? = & AGA9/ ! VALIDITY ( HIS 9T]PRETATION WAS RAPIDLY CRY/ALLIZ$ & ! KEY-NOTE WAS S\ND$ = DISCUSSIONS ?AT W]E TO BECOME HEAT$ & PROLONG$4 ,?AT ! CONTROV]SIES REVOLV+ >\ND ,T[>DS ! ,UND]/&+ ( ,K>L ,M>X HAVE (T5 BORD]$ ON BITT]NESS & P]SONALISMS SPEAKS EMPHATICALLY = ! RELEVANT *>ACT] & *ALL5G+ BRILLIANCE ( ,HOOK'S WORK4 ,FEW HEADS HAVE BE5 BROK5 OR EGOS >\S$ BY ! APPE>ANCE ( A NEW BOOK ON ,ETRUSCAN POTT]Y4 ,:ATEV] ELSE HAS BE5 SAID ( ,HOOK'S BOOK1 ITS VIVIDNESS & P]T95CE HAVE NOT BE5 BR\DS AS ! POSITION ( ! OR?ODOX DIALECTIC MAT]IALI/4 ,! PAMPHLET1 9 EFFECT1 PROPOSES TO S]VE A DUAL PURPOSE4 ,FIR/1 IT ATTEMPTS TO DISPROVE ,HOOK'S RIX IS ! VIEWPO9T ( LATT] N9ETE5? C5TURY REVISIONISM 9 PRES5T-DAY FA%IONABLE PHILOSOPHIC CLO?+4 ,TO REMOVE ! PR9CIPLES ( 9EVITABILITY & SPONTANEITY FROM ,M>XISM1 SAYS ,MATTICK1 IS TO EMASCULATE ! TEA*+S ( ,M>X4 ,IT IS TO D5Y ! CONCEPT ( ! UNIV]SAL OP]ATION ( DIALECTIC MAT]IALISM & TO ASCRIBE TO HUMAN CONSCI\SNESS A VA/LY OV]-RAT$ ROLE4 ,SECOND1 ,MATTICK'S ESSAY S]VES AS A POSITIVE PRES5TATION ( ! POSITION ( DIALECTIC MAT]IALISM AS HE 9T]PRETS IT4 ,HE TAKES ISSUE ) :AT HE REG>DS AS ! ]RORS ( ,L59ISM1 ! VIEWPO9T ( :I*1 HE HOLDS1 DOES NOT DIFF] 9 ESS5CE FROM ! /& ( SOCIAL DEMOCRACY4 ,TO HIM1 SOCIAL DEMOCRACY & ,BOL%EVISM 70REVOLUTION>Y SOCIAL DEMOCRACY07 ISSUE FROM ! SAME SE$3 ,BO?-REG>D ! HITY :OSE EFFICACY 9 ! LA/ ANALYSIS MU/ DEP5D ON ! ACTIVITY ( 0GREAT M510 AS AN ABSOLUTE PR]EQUISITE = ! FRE$OM ( ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,FROM ?IS POSITION1 SAYS ,MATTICK1 FL[ ! EVILS ( ORGANIZATIONAL BUREAUCRATISM ) ! POSSIBILITIES ( BETRAYAL1 MISLEAD]%IP & C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y ACTIVITY :5 IT IS NECESS>Y = ! P>TY TO SO BEHAVE 9 ORD] TO RETA9 P[] & AFFLU5CE4 0,! C5TRALIZ$ 0REVOLUTION>Y0 P>TY1 /ATES ,MATTICK1 WILL BE - IF ANY?+ - ONLY AN 9SIGNIFICANT 9/RUM5T ( ! REVOLUTION4 ,IT WILL NOT BE ! PRIME MOV] ( ! REVOLUTION NOR WILL ! SUCCESS ( ! /RUGGLE DEP5D ON ITS EXI/5CE4 0,! WORK]S GA!R$ TOGE!R 9 !IR 9DU/RIAL UNITS1 ! FACTORIES1 %OPS1 (FICES1 ETC41 WILL BE 9CREAS+LY EXPLOIT$ BY A CAPITALISM :I* 9 ITS DEA? ?ROES WILL TRY DESP]ATELY TO KEEP ! RATE ( PR(IT AT A WORKABLE LEVEL4 ,F9ALLY1 !RE WILL BE ONLY ONE WAY \T = ! PROLET>IAT :I* ,MATTICK REG>DS AS 0! ACTUALIZATION ( REVOLUTION>Y CONSCI\SNESS40 ,HUNGRY1 !Y WILL SEEK FOOD2 NAK$1 !Y WILL SEEK CLO?+2 %ELT]LESS1 !Y WILL REPOSSESS LIV+ QU>T]S4 ,AT ?AT TIME1 SAYS ,MATTICK1 PREC$$ BY A 0TRA9+ P]IOD0 ( RIOTS1 LOCAL CLA%ES ) ! RUL+ CLASS & T]ROR1 WILL COME ! REVOLUTION4 ,AT ! HELM WILL /& NOT ! C5TRALIZ$ P>TY BUT ! 0SPONTANE\SLY0 ORGANIZ$ ,WORK]S' ,C\NCILS CREAT$ 9 ! FACTORIES & %OPS4 0,! ROLE ( 0GREAT M50 & !IR CONSCI\S IDEOLOGIES PLAYS ITS P>T ONLY )9 N>R[ LIMITS4 ,PRECISELY H[ MU* !Y CAN ACCEL]ATE OR H9D] ! REVOLUTION CAN BE DET]M9$ NOT G5]ALLY BUT ONLY BY REF]5CE TO ! SPECIFIC1 CONCRETE SITUATION4 0,AT LEA/ TO ONE OBS]V] ,SIDNEY ,HOOK'S ANSW] TO C]TA9 ( ! CRITICISMS LEVEL$ AGA9/ HIM WILL BE AWAIT$ ) NO SMALL MEASURE ( 9T]E/4 ,COM+ AFT] ! PUBLICATION ( V>I\S REVIEWS ( HIS 9T]PRETATION1 HIS REPLY WILL S]VE TO COMPLETE ! CONTROV]SIAL BALANCE %EET4 ,IT WILL !N BE POSSIBLE1 IF WE >E P]MITT$ TO EXT5D ! METAPHOR1 TO TAKE ACC\NT ( ! DEBITS & CR$ITS ( HIS POSITION4 0,A WORD 9 CONCLUSION3 ,9 ! HEAT ( CONTROV]SY BO? P>TICIPANTS & READ]S >E (T5 9CL9$ TO ASCRIBE EXCESSIVE SIGNIFICANCE TO :AT MAY BE CALL$ ! VOCABUL>Y B>RAGE4 ,IT IS ?US WELL TO BE> 9 M9D :AT ,MATTICK IMPLIES ?R\<\T HIS ESSAY & :AT ,M>X SUCC9CTLY /AT$ 9 ,DIE ,DEUTS*E ,IDEOLOGIE 0,NOT CRITICISM1 BUT REVOLUTION1 IS ! MOTIVE =CE ( HI/ORY40 ,S4 ,L4 ,S,O,L,O,N4 ,FROM 3 ,M>XI/S4ORG4 ,*RONOLOGY 3 ,M>* #b1 #bba 3 ,! ,9EVITABILITY ( ,COMMUNISM -- ,ADD$4 ,FEBRU>Y #b1 #bbb 3 ,! ,9EVITABILITY ( ,COMMUNISM -- ,UPDAT$4 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3 HTTP3_/_/WWW4,REVOLT,LIB4COM_/